Document XR9yen4K1aR4Mjkr2ejx8jG7x

' Report on -- . , : ' S S COTiCEHTRATIOS OF LiSAD AsH> OTJim.X800&KUL' MSTS;I: TRS AIR JE WORKROOMS7OF'.THE FUOtT m SwTBtOT!ESRS> '1180 13AYT0I, 01X0 The environmental conditions with respect, to the eontamination of the air of workroom a of the Slayton, Ohio, plant of Lowe , Brothers, In*, -with varius Industrial dusts and with lead pii^sents, hare been studied by the collect ion (June 5 end t* 1'9^-b) and examina tion of a series of air samples* The sampling and analytical survey was designed to study the extent of the air contamination'that occur rad under normal operating conditions in -connec tion with mixing, and.'loading'various ,dry- pi'paenta (Table 11, In unloading freight . -cars, and in .''storing ..bagged pigments in warehouses (Table. 2), .In . addition a few' chemical analyses were carried cut. on asmplea of rmtoriala and rafter dusts which i a d accumulated in various working ,.ureas * -These, analyses -were *nad principally'to determine the lead : and free silica' content- of-' the sampled 'dusts or .'materials ihablo p)* From available information,- it la 'believed that tiis recorded-results,' .are representative of normal operating conditions"- insofar as "numbers :of particles .and concentration, of phfchalie anhydride are concerned, but that the lead 'findings may .not be typical. This situation with, reference to l o a d a r i s e s fro the fact that loaded-zinc pigment, . the principal source of the lead-.dust,'had-not been u s e d for some'., time prior to June'/?', As a result the 'dust available upon floors for dispersal' into the atmosphere as the consequence of normal traffic on the mixing, floor, .contained less lead than usual, - (Compare sample hbA~*2291?. T a b l e .3* 'with- the various rafter dusts In tho same table ,1 Tiio Iiandling of leaded-sin had been resumed . . - toV.Juno 7 and the rosuite of sampling on that clay are Indicative of the load contamination resulting t 'refron.- . . : The concentrations of dust ana of lead in: the.'atmosphere-, of various pigment-mixing areas (Table 1} are excessive only during the periods in which the mixers are beln,.; loaded with dry pigment. (Leaded zinc is tae only material' .contributing to the lead exposure- since all other lead pigments arc added in paste form.) Obviously, the workmen engaged In loading the mixers or. ball mills are exposed - to the greatest hazards, but the.-severity of such exposure varies because of cross currents due. to natural ventilation when the windows are;, open. In general, the exhaust systems on the .mixers and on tl o hoppers of the ball mills appear to be effective. In conf inih.. the gras text portion of , the dust- to ftie ihunodiato loading or. filling area. The lead concentrations approach the maximum . allowable'-'' concentration -of l.p, mg. per 10 oybie meters in only three instances, two of which Involve only the loader engaged, in hasdlin,. loaded-zinc ..pigment* V.-ith reference to other duets. In only four insbanees ' did the number of particles exceed b *dllion - per cubic foot,'- v/hlch is the maximum allowable concentration of asbestos or of dusts containing over ij.0 per cent of free (uncombined) silica. Those dusts,.like load, contaminate the air in the environ- -.laent- of the. "loaders''- to a greater'extent than elsewhere. 'Determinations "of the concentration of phtiiallc-anhydride . dust in the air were mad while' t h e .anhydride was being worked, into hot varnish'-in the pot situated under the west: stack of the . "v a rnish.plant*. Little is known of the toxicity of this material, so that It is not possible, 'to'-interpret the significance of the "" ' K 0 0003.808'. '  findings hovertheless, it m a y do 6f some interest to record the experience of the obsorvor onra; eo in collecting these samples. In taking sample IjeA-ZJ0j> the observe? followed as closely as possible the moveiaenr, of the workman who was .tending tho pot with out interfering with his freedom of action. Tbs'former wore -no dust mask, but was not conscious of the presence of' marked quanti ties' of 'dust nor did he feel any discomfort whatsoever, although' it was said that the conditions about the stack were at 'their worst by reason of the -effects of a stiff wind which induced a back-draft in.the. stack* On the other hand,' while collecting saruplo ljw -22l|4, he could not remain in the sampling area more than a few minutes because >f intense irritation of the nose and eyes, accompanied by considerable lacrim&tion. This irritation was duo, .undoubted!?/, to the presence of acrolein, which appears to b e 'the more serious of the hazards associated with varnish boiling. The concentrations of .acrolein discharged into tho area under these conditions.should' he determined. The quantities of phthalic anhydride recorded in 'the data m a y also be in error . because tee size of sample taken did not permit a reliable correc tion for .-free fatty acids' which may have been retained'by the absorber. It would -be wise-, therefore, to, repeat the phthalie anhydride analyses after obtaining larger samples. .This can be done concurrently with the sampling o f .the air for acrolein. ', as could, be predibted,"'the data of Table 2 show t h a t - the greatest dust hazards occur in caij-unloadihg operations. This danger,'however, has been, recognized by the management, since each man engaged, in unloading a n d .warehousing bagged pigment is equipped with an. approved dust mast. The use of skids in moving d s t a c k i n g bagged material in the basement of Building p tends to reduce the dissemination of dusts, as indicated b y Samples I*.6/.-22?8 ana l|:bn-2 2 79 Manual handling in' stacking individual bags, how ever, gives rise to appreciable anst in the air of the warehouse* The dustiest operation was found to be the unloading of bags of Surfex i/.t, while the concentrations of lead in' the air during the unloading of leaded sine is of such high order* as to be quite hazardous unless suitable safety measures are .taken*- In Table 3 are listed chemical analyses of certain , factory dusts and two bagged materials The rafter or floor dusts contain appreciable quantities of lead, low quantities of. free, silica, and. considerable quantities of combined silica*. Although asbestine differs from asbestos in that It is a single metal silicate (magnesium.silicate) instead of a' mixed silicate . (calcium, and magnesium), it is wise to deal -with it as though ' it were as hazardous, as asbestos, for which the maximum allowable concentration .is 5 million particles per cubic foot, Conclusions ; h / ., r The mechanical generation of .potentially- harmful dusts is inevitable in association with certain of the operations of the plant, .However, the use of properly designed local exhaust sy3tens at the points of origin of such dusts serve to localize the, hazards so that' they involve principally the men doing the actual o;, V-H loading of the mixers'-and ball mills* The accumulation -of-'.pigCQ CO ment on the floor of the mixing area, on the equipment, and on- o co o other structures is a potential hazard in that heavy traffic or Ui vibration will disperse toxic material into the atmosphere. The most hazardous work, as indicated by lead concentrations and dust counts, occurs in the '-unloading and warehousing of leaded-sine and other bagged material These items of work are intermittent .. ana presumably adequate safety measures (fc'ho as of dust mas k s } have', been taker; to protect the workmen* . Certain improvements in. the environmental conditions " '' ' . ' ''.' . . to wGiild s-eeri. to bo .-desirable and capable of. achievement, and, there fore, it is recommendeds 1*. That'the frequency of house-cleaning be increased, & vacuum system being employed to remove dusts which accumulate on the .floor, rafters,-, and 'equipment;' . . 2,. That .-.on' loading...mixers or -ball- mills, with leaded sine and : ., pigme ts containing asbestine bo required to'wear dust masks'' . while erfptgftog: bags of thee-, materials; . J. The i. 1-.ie tnen working: vita a.st masks| li., That tPo severity of and 0 v.nor dusts on'. t3 winter time, in order ; From: the Kettering^ Colle. 0 0 f Fedicine,- Un: Report by; 'j Ciiolak :Sork bys J Vi, CJ*noYlouuknb-h'..knuJ\r-.0\.>X. .i.i/U**A*uI-uIJ.*'. . I>, J. :bchafer, B*SE, (Cn,E. } iipprovea: Robert 1, Kehoe, )ate; July 22, I9 I46 Coge on t r a t i on o f h s a d y h a a r l ng.. ,l.n An s ocial", t oft wi t l i Oj Analysis Number )+6 a -2280 Description-"-' Hear baling machine while baling on mixing floor lime and Dato .P.D, Pb/ io llsOO/a.m*. . 0 *37 l).6A"*228l 4.6A-228 2 ^ A"2285 In aisle between mixers 7 , 8 , $, and-Sb* mixers 1 , 2 , and 5 being loaded with pigment- for paint #328 ' 11:05 a.m. 0 .10 Between mixers 8 and 9 while 9 was being loaded with pigment for paint # 328 1 1 :18 a*m. 0 .19 While loading ball mill 6 for paint 'lj-B During 11:57 a.m* . 0 ,)19- half of loading'.process .-6 -5-I.jS: 46A-228 I4 In aisle beside pony mixer'191 20 feet from zinc stearate barrel 65-L6 0 11 I46A-2327 Hear mixers 13 , IJ4, 15 Ho loading underway 90f*;**1rI,8*/.t!.Oa/.m 0 .0 5 46A-2328 In aisle near mixers 7 , 8 , 9 No' loading underway 9 :20 a,iF!.,- 0 .0 8 *l6a -2529 In aisle 6 feet from mixer 15 which was being loaded with pigment f o r ' &9:-379.-,^:6a*jn* o q 6 Table 1 barrel Ot h e r I n d u s t r i a l Du a t a i n ee r a t i o n o f C e r t a i n e q u i p m e n t " hit Millions of Particles per' eu. f t . !i ,2 Average .31K6 Of Particle -in Citrons ;^n 1! Pairit 328: 7.2/ br l.i|/ 2 lead (p 1 7 . ba lead (p 52.2/; zi 43*21Vt 1-2 Titanium magnesiumI I Paint ll.j.8 : .36. 5u C '! *7 " ;55 *!ra g M l.. 0.58 5. ; ' b : :v 1.32 -2*5 "J. 0,95 _' 5 : of. ' ,j ' f - Paint 622: nonleu .' Table 1 ' C o n c e n t r a t i o n o f L e a d - b e a r i n g, arid O t h e r I ndus t r i a l Dust s In Uie Air ' " t o As s o c i a l . `.on w i t h -O p e r a t i on o f C e r t a i n Ripilpfcgit * osoription ling machine while on mixing floor 0 between mixers . and.5lj.ji mixers id J being loaded, gment for paint mixers 8 and 9 was being loaded Ament for paint Time and Date 11;00 a.m. 6-5-l.ji> Rp, Pb/ 10 0 ,37 11:05 a.m* 6-5-/ (6 . 0,10 11: 18 a.m, o~5~k6 0 .19 Millions of Particles per cu. ft. I4 .2. iA .2 J|J|. ' hVQTB.r;Q ,, 31 no of Particle in . T-icrons . 5- : 2 .1-8 F a in t 328; 7,2; lea 1? J } lea 3.2 2, ' 4 3 2 Titanium rmirme .; 'jading ball '"311 h rit //I4 8 . . During loadlri;' process 31:57 a,vo, o.l') . V; A'.? . i-bdp . ... .g. .6 .> 5n.i Iks'j'Zp* . C 6 9 - e beside pony 9, 20 feet from, oarate barrel 6 -5.-li.6- 0 .11 0 ,66 .6: xors 13 , llj., 15 , 9:18 a .vn, ing underway . , ' - 6-7-1)6 ' e near mixers . Wo loading 7 9;20 a.;:,:. '6-7I|D 0 6 feet from 5 which was being with pigment for" 3:35 a,m. 0-7-m 6 0 ,05'.'. O.3O , ,a' ''`V '' ' " 0 ,0'j- ; .' d.ogd' . \/V. 8.A :; 9 .5 0.05 ':u .95 ` : - 5'-- !T . ' P a i n t 682; Won Table 1 continued analysis Number 0A-233O Description Two feet above mixer 10, at breathing level of 0 prator load lug for paint 9">23 ' Time and .-date v Pb/ 10 hillions of Particles por cu, ft* /verago Sihe of Particle i hicrons 9:55,a,m. 0 "7-14-6, <0.05 . 2 *05; :k ; 764-2331 Three feet- from mixer pointed toward 1 and 6 which was being loaded with .pigment for .paint # 328 While loading mixer 6 76A-2352 . above at breathing level of operator (paint 3^8 ) 9s55 ar. . 0 J 1.7 6 -7-146 9*55 a.ri. 7**)|b 19 .2 0 .83 2? ' 2- !u6a 2333 'i6 a - 2531|. ^ A -2355 14.64-2336 J4-6 A- 2 3 5 7 In aisle S.E. end of room, sampler moving before mixers 1*15 , while baling machine urna operating and mixer 7 waa being loaded for paint 7^328 lOilO turn* 6 -7-I4.6 O .85 1.13 In aisle T.W. end of room, -Same- time'as above. Sampler moving In aisle. 10 :10 n.n* 0 -7.,),6 : ' 0 .36 ' 6 -1*0 3 Sampler moving in area 10:25 a.m* 0 .37 before elevator > b-T-Jj.S - ; 0 .89 Circulating about mixer 9 while loading it with pigment for paint .9;;23 10:96 a.-:. 67-76 ' 1. 18 7.3 In lacquer plant while mixing for paint 07)1)4.9 11:3 0 a.m 6 -7") 16 0 .79 '2 ^ :77 ; 5. ' 5h .. c~nJ uq : ..0S ... . Description Time and > . Date , above mixer 10 , ihlng level of - loading for 625 9:55 a.m. 6*7"1(.6 , et from mixer 4 toward 1 and 6 g being loaded Mient for paint 9:55 a.m. 6-7 " Millions of Mg. P b / P a r t i c l e ! 10 m 3 p e r eu. f" <0 .0 5 2.0 5 ojj.7 O .8 5 adlng mixer 6 breathing level tor (paint J2 8 ) 9;55 a.m. O-J--ljS S *E end of room, moving before -15 , while baling was operating and was being loaded t # 528 ' 10 :10 a.m, 6-7-46. N.E. .end of room.. 10 :10 a . m . 9 aa above, 0 -7-J+6 moving in aisle# moving in area levator 10:25 a.m, 6 7-- 46 ing about mixer 9 ading it with for paint #528 10:55 a.m* 6-7-56. er plant while or paint C7l|49 11:5 0 aim, 6 - 7-/ };6 19 .2 0 .85 0 .56 0 ,57 1,18 0 .75 27 I.I5 1.0 3 O .89 7.3 ; 23 ' :':i'orago Pise of I'tlcle iii PIcrons^ ;k . Remarks Paint 9625:. non-leaded zinc .pigrae'nt Window'-"open/ air currents toward mixer 12 away from precipitator and, loader 6: Paint 328 on this day contained leaded sine. Normal traffic;.moving and unloading skids in area . 2 Pigment contained leaded sine. 3 .-5;.; 2*5 3 9 Pigment contained leaded, sine* Normal, trudk ;and employee traffic. Pigment contained leaded sine, formal truck' and employee traffic Pigment contained leaded zinc. ' l-rpin, or sa .pie i-Ion.'-loaded zinc pigment, Typini-'ifr- samelo Table 1 continued Analysis Number^ Description i U6 A-2358 In lacquer plant while loaairtg,ball mill 5 with pigment fox'3 paint # 13608 during soapstone loading I4.6 A - 2 3 3 9 Same as .above, while loading: tita n o x and iron oxide , I4.6 i-231+3 Varnish boiling in west stacks, during maximum exposure at operator* s 'stand. Back drafts in stack caused`.by stiff breese l^Sk-Z^kb In S.W. corner of room. Said to represent normal exposure where back drafts noted above occur. '-'V ' P b / ,,12 i'lllion's of Particles ne.r_ra, .ft. ,Average - Siso o f , Parlele in - l enona' Pe 0,6.5 lb,6 5on-lcaled' sine Impinger sample *ry, 5 H o n -lca d d z inc Imoirg er sample 95 plitbali anhydride dust por 10. cubic meters ).7 w. `phtbalic anhydride dust per 10 cubic meters . ' v ' 6 - o6-, 7. Sharp irritatior plus lacrmatelo;: oil (acrcleln) so CO I oI o .0 I .Sift. t'im u ,, whil All 3 with | *tnt #15688 u,><*# loading <a title Time and Date Dr. ?b/ 1.0 M? - Pillions of 'Particles per.cu. ft. Average . Bis o' of " Pax- ticle li>. dirons 12:05 pm. 6-7-46 O .65 . 16 6 iV 5 : Non-leaded zinc Inrpinger sample 12 :2 0 p.m* 6 -7-4 6 2*84 2*5 Non-leaded zinc Xrqpinger .sample *'pf dd' 4 '> in wosfc axlinum ,-erfttor's ^ WaffcS in * stiff I ull1`s * `ippMV,B t`*V '' room* i-'tf.fc:normal '% '.'fcok . Oicvo occur. 11:50 a.m* 6-7-46 12:05 p.m* 6 -7- 4 6 95 mg. phtbalic anhyd ride.dust per 10 .cubic meters 47 mg. phtlialic arhyclride dust per 10 cubic meters Sharp irritati plus lacrimtio oil (acreloin) Analysis Number Description Time ail'd TDat [s.6 a- 2 2 75 l^A-2276 On loading platform near door 1 while loading loaded ir.ltic' onto skids Inside car (above) when half unloaded a.m.. 6 - 5-i|& y:3!3 a. m y 6 *-5~l(.6 In storage basement of 4 SA-2 2 78 - building 5 ast end while moving skids into place 10;:25: a.m. 6-^-[6 \ 1^A2279 In storage basement of building 5 , west end near1 janitor's station, stacking of skids continued - 10 ;.1(0 a.m* 6 -5~I.j.6 1 1|6a-2285 1 S 1{.6a-228 6 I & I -2526 Inside box car while unload- '2:00 p.m, Ing Asbestine 6 -5 -I1G Inside box car while unload- 2:20 p.m,.' Ing Titanox RC o-5-ji6 Inside box car while unload- 8 s50 a.m. ing Surfx hh : I 1|.6A--23I4-O In warehouse before stack- WSg&jB .... . ing materials I In warehouse while stacking 1i-1 bagged Roclco Whiting X sJj.O p.r*, 6~7~).;.6 2:00 p,rn. 6-7-).j.,6 o Loa d -b e a r in g and Other Dusta a ro hcinseg P u r i n a Handling of d a t o r l a l s 'Average / billions of Size of ih'V Lb/ Farticles Particle in 10 ip-- i>a' CU, -ft ' i/rlcrona lb.? 12 ,7 Leaded cine: 2.5 66.0 ' ii.0 .6 / - .5*0 O-V> 0 ..3O 1.7 0 .16 ' . 0 .8 6 . 1.56 0 .31 0 63 . o',06 oJa 19 .6 2k :' 150 / O .35 19 .7 3.0 1.5 7 - 5 . ' 25 < 2.0 6 2.5 Asbestines r Titanox RCj Rocko Shiting Table 2 Cone e n t r t ion of Load-bearing and .Other .Dusts In F r e l n h t a c a r a nd~v6ar e hous e s Tt-ir i n ^ T T a n H i l n j o f ~.a t e r a i s Description ing platform near vhile loading loaded to skids car (above) when loaded Time and Dato 9 10 a,m, 6-5^14-6 9:55 a.m, 6-5-I.6 ; .-Mill3onn of Mg. Pb/ Partidos 0 f0 . ' per,cu. ft. Average ; -hize of P a r t i d o in . hicrons 19.7 : 12.7 2 5 Le ado : z i n c t . . 66 .0 I1.O.6 ;3.0 a e basement of 3 5 , east end while hkids into place 10:25 a,m, 6 -5 -.6 0..38 1*7 - ; .0 age basement of g 5, west end noar 's station, stacking s continued - 10 ;I}. a.m. - 5-lj. box car while unload-.- 2:0 0 p #m* ostine -5-i.6 . box oar while unload- 2:20 p.rn. anox RC 6--5--1|.6 box car while unload 8 :JO a.m. fex MM 'house before stack trials lll|.Q p.m, 6-7-J4. .0,16 - o e86 . 1.5 . 1.3 6 , 19*6 .- r" - ' '* y . Asbestine: m 0 .51 o 063 c,,o5 2)4. 1 50'. : 2 .2 .5 V < 2.0 T i t a n o x RC: : :; . ad: ;'vo 0 .35 Or -.o .. '. . . 'bouse while stacking 2 ;00 p.rn, Rocko Whiting -7-i6 O.lj-l 19 .7 .. ,2*5-- 2 : : : D o d o h t i l t i n g '. '' ' . . - '. ' Aable Chemical' Composition 0.1F Certain I:usfcs'and. Ba(4g Analysis Number U6A-2 2 8 7 1j.6a -2288 I | 1)6A 2289 1I ' | ]'6a -2290 j )j6a -2 2 9 1 i [|.6a -2292 i lj6A~2293 k6k~Z$k2 . Description Date . Collected, Loss on . 3 pb . Ignition, " Rafter dust, east end of basemen* of building 3 .' 6-n~]jj3 Cpm9''Omi!J" . 30 .-)he Rafter dust, west end of basement*; .6-5"!6 of building 3 Rafter dust,- east end of mixing ' ^5-1,6 room 2,08 ' l ' 0 ,59 - 2 7.1 Rafter dust, 'west end of mixing room 2.58 , 12 .7 Dust from floor of baling booth 6**9"h 01;2 Asbostine (mafties1urn sillca10 ) 0,00001 2 .5I4 Titanox EC Rafter dust, warehouse . . : 6~Hb> " / t-j ~r.W)t./O'= O.O0'OO2 l.O::,.' 0 Table .27' . . Chemical Composition cif Certain Dusts and -0; /'' '' Date Collected n f Loss -on . Ignition ,,.i''-.nd of basement 6-5-l|.6 . 2 *85 30.9li- % Loss. After HG1 Treatment 57.32 / Combined Silicate 2 9 .2 2 , v #.& of basement .< . #nd of mixing 6 "5i'|6 6 - 5-I46 ' 2.03 . \ O .59 2 7.1 12 .2 - 53*95 u r,d of mixing room - if lulling booth , '.iHs silicate)- . 6--5--14.6 ("i*3-l+6 JttfaS 6-y -1[.6 2.58 Ojj..2 0 .0 0 0 0 1 0 .0 0 0 0 2 1.0 12 .7 . 2 .nil J ill 0 .0 0 14 7.0 8 87J 46 , fi 7A-Tr`-" -. ' . ' '`"V'l *** u to treatment with hydrofluosilioic acid,