Document XR1Kxdgv51GknDeqMxJNp1y8G

Volume 8 JULY, 1938 Number 4 f* .* Living room of the "Certigrade Home." Walls and ceilings are plywood painted with pure white lead and oil LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue New York L IA25474 Lead Paints Protect Steel-Faced Colorado Dam ED LEAD and white lead paint R have been used to paint the new steel-faced dam of the South Cata mount Creek reservoir supplying the (htv of Colorado Springs. Colo. This j citv lies at the foot of Pike s Peak, at an elevation of 6000 feet above sea level, an-d its only source of water sup ply is from the high mountain streams originating on the slopes of the Peak. The run-off from these streams occurs onlv during a few months of the year, making necessary storage reservoirs to carr\ over the supply for the water svstem during the months when the stream How is low or has ceased com pletely. There are now nine such res ervoirs on the various streams, the last of which being on South Catamount Creek at an elevation of 9200 feet. This dam is constructed with a dis integrated granite fill and has a rein forced concrete toe wall on the up Full view of the steel-faced South Catamount Creek Dam, Colorado Springs, Colo., the exposed face primed with red lead and finished with pure white lead and oil paint stream face extending into the solid rock with a reinforced concrete face serious test. Because of the high eleva colored paint, w as used to cut down on extending from the toe wall to a line tion. it will be very cold in winter and the expansion of the steel face. one foot above the How line of the out fairl y warm in summer, presenting a Both red lead and white lead have a let pipe. The remainder of the face is wide temperature change. Further long record of durable and efficient T. made of steel sheets. 100 in. wide and more, the steel face will be under service on a wide variety of surface 25 ft. long, welded to V-shaped expan water part of the time and exposed to materials and under many varied and sion joints every 25 ft. The sheets were air at other times. It will also be sub unusual conditions. Consequently, it placed on steel angle horses, in order to provide anchors to the granite fill jected to the wear of ice on the surface, the elevation of which will vary as is no wonder that these materials were selected for painting work on this and to permit the painting of the steel sheets on the under side after w:elding the joints. After painting the under side, the disintegrated granite was filled in._ water is drawn from storage. The steel face has a surface area of approximately 126,000 sq. ft. Both sides were given one coat of red lead paint and the exposed face was then dam. We are indebted to Mr. Frank O. Ray. City Engineer of Colorado Springs, for photographs and infor mation on the construction of this dam. Due to the uneven flow from the finished with white lead paint. This which was designed bv Mr. M. C. Hin- mountain stream, the exposed face of finish coat of white lead, with the derlider. Stale Engineer, in Denver. lliis dam will be subjected to a very- characteristic heat reflection of light- Colorado. ' ,`i -x -.X A At left, a section oj the dam showing the steel face and steel horses to support the sheets. Right, the steel <!<im with the parapet in place prior to painting the exposed face [2j L 1*25475 1 flexible Lead Plumbing for New York Apartment Remodeling .it n zht. <>nc the >,orA ilb bathrooms m a 'large S e,e apartment building. and center, the lead r,wghing-in utter re- modeling the plumbSole the limited -pace mailable \\ CRTS BROS. joints and elbows. This elimination of extra joints is an additional feature of lead installations, since joints are a great source of failure or weakness in most pipes, retard the fioyv of yvater and are potential causes of clogging. The original piping in this building was largely lead and the fine service it furnished also justified the selection of this material for all yvaste and vent pipes, bends and concealed traps in the remodeling. Leyvis F. Seath. the plumbing contractor, is a strong advo cate of lead and uses it almost exclu sively in his yyork. His confidence is borne out hv the complete satisfaction lead installations give his customers. Such satisfaction, too. is a splendid recommendation for the architect spe cifying this material and means the increased good will and confidence of his clients. This is brought out by the fact that I lie contractor has done the yyork for the Ferris Estate, own ers of the building, over a number of years. Y specifying lead for plumbing. B architects may avail themselves not only of the efficiency and durabil ity of this material, hut also of the ease with which lead may be employed to surmount difficulties in installation. This faculty is especially advantageous in remodeling jobs, in which there is greath increased interest under the pro\isions of the F.H.A.. and is clear ly demonstrated in the case of a New \ ork City apartment building recently modernized. The building was erected 54 years ago and extends for an entire citv block on one front. A total of 54 apartments are included in the build ing yyith stores occupy ing the ground floor. The oyvners of this building, hoyvever. fullv realized the value of more modern plumbing and decided to remodel all bathroom and kitchen plumbing. That this decision rvas wise is exemplified by the apartment shoxvn in the accompanying photographs. Al though the same tenant has occupied this apartment for a number of years, he has agreed to increased rental after the completion of the modernization. SPECIFY AL Of vg MATERIAL From an installation standpoint, hoyvever. the remodeling was diffi cult in these apartments as the old fashioned bathrooms are small and fixtures are croyvded together. In deed. the available space for install ing concealed piping yvas so lim ited that it yvas only due to lead, yy ith its flexibility and space saving features, that the remodeling instal lations yvere made possible. Bv using lead, pipes may be bent around obstacles without the use of [3] Below, view showing: the remodeled bathroom be fore decorating. Lead was of great advantage in overcoming the limi tations of space for the concealed piping u t/KTb KKIIJ. LI A 25 4 76 Pure White Lead a| ^Certigr* The model kitchen is complete]\ modern in every respect, with a suction fan in one wall to remove unpleasant cooking odors. Equipment, consisting of gas range, refrigerator, and sink, is finished in ivory enamel. Three coats of lead and oil and two finishing coals of ivory enamel were given the wood ( KIRK MLARS Finished exteiiur oj the "Certiprude Home,'" painted inside and out with llitre while lead and oil AREFl L thought and attention With the exception of the kitchen, C were given the interior painting ceilings and trim were painted light and decorating of the "Certigradpeutty gray, an agreeable change from Home . This home, whose outside the conventional cream, ivory and painting and sheet metal work were white so commonly used. Walls of va described in LEAD. Mac. 1938. was rious colors and shades complete the erected in Lacy Forest. Arlington decorative scheme. County. Ya.. by the Red Cedar Shingle Vestibule walls were painted dark Bureau. It is an outstanding example putty blue in contrast with the light of low-cost building, using only the grav ceiling and trim. Soft lemon yel highest quality materials, and vet is low was used to decorate the walls of designed to be built for from 83000 to the living rocm. dinette and hall. Pass $4000. depending on location. ing through the hall, one enters the For the interiors, each room's pur master bedroom, which embodies in its pose and exposure were important fac decoration one of the latest paint styl tors in selecting new and popular col ing developments. Three of the walls ors and their placement according to are painted warm gray, but the fourth, > latest trends in modern paint styling. the north wall, is finished a delicate Three coals of pure white lead and oil shade of peach. Trim throughout is were given all interiors, the desired warm grav. Light blue walls feature colors obtained bv tinting with pure the guest room, and the utility room is colors in oil. finished in French gray. Two nVu's, showing the iireu Powdered Lead e c e n t experiments R with powdered lead in bearing greases have brought out another im portant use of this metal to augment the already varied and extensive purposes for which it is employed, and indicate the superior value of III leaded greases. These experiments were conducted under - 3 actual operating condi tions. the relative merits of regular and leaded lower tumbler greases be ing compared after use in an 8 cu. ft. gold dredge. The procedure followed was to caliper the port and starboard bear ings carefully and operate the dredge for 53 days with regular grease in the port bearings and leaded grease in the starboard. After this time, the bear ings were removed and re-calipered. The reading showed that the wear on the port side was 13 32 in. and on the [4] Modern 3rNL" Interiors cabinet-;- Walls, ceiling and (rim are ,,hile "illi red moldings and back bands mi door frames and windows. '['|1|s [midi "f color, combined with the lilue niarbleized linoleum llnnring. Iinnideia room both Ireshls cheeriul and agreeable in which to work. The tremendous increase in interest l Master bedroom of the ``Certigrade Home" interiors made of plywood with imisiltle flush ioints and painted in new and attractive colors in houses such as the "Certigrade Home" offers a wide field for the de velopment of architects' skill and in genuity. The decorative treatments af forded by painting are practically limitless and offer .the home ow ner the possibility of changing the colors and styling at any time. Furthermore, this feature is augmented greatly by the use of white lead paint, since an infinite variety of colors and .-hades are obtainable by tinting with puncolors in oil rather than a few stand ard colors with which to work out tindecorative scheme. Some appropriate color combinations are listed in the accompanying table: the formulas for tinting are based on the quantity of 100 lb. w hite lead, mixing as described in LEAD. March. 1938. starboard side 6 32 in. Careful examination of both bearings and shafts showed the usual scor ing and the presence of sand on the port side, whereas the starboard showed no scoring and the presence of only a small amount of fine slime. Furthermore, during the period of operation, the port side consumed 1-1 3 drums grease as against 7 12 drums, about 1 3. using leaded grease. From these figures, it was estimated by the field manager of the dredging company that the life of the bearings was increased from 60 to 150 davs bv using leaded grease. This factor, in conjunction with the saving in grease used and other benefits, fully justified a change to leaded tumbler grease. This information was reported bv the Metalead Products Corporation of San Francisco. Cal. Ceiling W alls Wood Trim VESTIBULE Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Lemon Yellow Graved Blue White Lemon Yellow Grayed Blue White Scheme o White Lemon Yellow White Ceiling Walls Wood Trim LIVING ROOM Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Off White Warm Gray Warm Gray White fl Wall--Grayed l'.luei }3 Walls--Off White ( Off White Scheme 3 Pale Tan Lenion \e!luw Medium Tan DINETTE Scheme 1 Scheme 2 Scheme 3 Ceiling Walls Wood Trim White Lemon Yellow White White Lemon YellowWhite Lemon Yellow Graved Hue White NOTE--It should be understood that if Scheme 1 is used lor one of the room-, the corresponding scheme should be used for the other two rooms. Ceiling Walls Wood Trim BEDROOM Scheme 1 Scheme 2 White Peach fl Wall--Peach ) 13 Walls--White| Light Blue White White Scheme 3 Pale \ ellow Pale Green White Ceiling Walls' Wood Trim Cabinets Strips and Molds Linoleum KITCHEN Scheme 1 White White White YellowLight Blue Dark Blue with Black Border Scheme 2 Blue Green Blue Green White White Peach Marblcized G ray and Black FORMULAS FOR MIXING COLORS Wh it e : Pure white lead and oil. Of f Wh it e : iVpt. Raw Turkey Umber. Le mo n Ye l l o w : li pt. C. P. Chrome Yel. Lemon. Pe a c h : z/x pt. C. P. Chrome Yel. Orange. Pa l e Ye l l o w : iV pt. C. P. Chrome Yellow Medium. Ye l l o w : ?4 Pf- C. P. Chrome Yellow Mediu m. Wa r m Gr a y : Vi pt. Raw Turkey Umber. Pa l e Ta n : li pt. Burnt Turkey Lml >er. Me d iu m Ta n : li pt- Burnt Turkey l.'ml ter. Gr a y ed Bl u e : 1 pt. Cobalt Blue, L pt. Lampblack. Lig h t Bl u e : L> pt. Cobalt Blue. Pa l e Gr e e n : pt. C. P. Chrome Green Dark. Bl u e Gr e e n : 1 liq, oz. C. P. Chrome Green Dark. [ 5] LI25478 lI-; Two views showing the deterioration of the chimneys due to attacks by the weather Hard Lead Chimney Caps Chimneys without Lead Caps Liable to Deterioration EAD flashing, properly installed, is I a protective measure of great value in safeguarding homes against attacks of weather conditions. Rain, sleet and snow, driving against the roof or sides of houses, are an ever present danger when buildings are not flashed adequately, for resultant leaks ruin ceilings and wall finishes, damage timbers and may readily be the cause of electrical short circuits. Chimneys, also, are vulnerable parts of the home and the accompanying photographs show forciblv the dam age that may occur from weathering. Inspection of the chimnevs of a Green wich. Conn, home prior to re-shing ling. showed the great deterioration that may occur. Moisture had per- meated the cement tops and joints and when this moisture froze, the cement tops cracked badly, and the mortar was crumbling from the joints. This is clearly delineated in the photo graphs. Base flashing on the chimneys was found inadequate and here. also. the weather had done considerable damage, both to the ehimne\s and roof. The destruction wrought on both chimnevs was so great that it was necessary to re-build them before pro ceeding with re-shingling. In order to safeguard the new chim neys and roofing from future damage of this sort, the contractor decided to install new base flashings and chimne\ caps as well. Recognizing the superior durability of lead, together with its ease of installation and the fad that lead does not produce unsightlv stains on adjacent building materials. 8 lb. hard lead was selected for flashing these parts and also the open vallevs on the reshingled part of the roof. Chimney cap flashings were installed as shown in LEAD. Ma\. 1938. out side corners being folded and dressed under the 1 in. overhang. Gusset pieces were soldered in the inside cor ners of the flues, making a complete! v water-tight top, from which rain will drip without running into cracks in the masonry work and causing damage. The apron flashing at the front of the chimney was first calked into place and small soakers of lead run under each shingle course, overlapping one another 3 in. and flashed 8 in. up the Views showing rebuilt chimney, without lead cap, dressing the lead over the chimney cap, and the finished leud chimney cap in place, adequate protection against deterioration [6] LIA25479 ea<j Flashing for Open Valleys % lead Assures Water-Tight Roof Intersections Two views of the com pleted Hashing for the restored chimneys -ale of the chimney. Flashing on the cricket was made with two sheets, loose-lucked 2 in. to one side of the cricket ridge and'extending 14 in. up the roof slope under the shingles. Step i (lashing as calked into the reglets in the chimney and dressed down over the soakers, loose-locked to the cricket Hashing and the apron. Gusset pieces of lead "ere soldered at all corners to insure complete waterproofing. i Flashing for the open valleys was run in 5 ft. lengths. 2U in. wide, with the edges turned back 1 in. and secured flashings on chimnevs. 3 lb. hard lead by lead cleats every 12 in. locked into or 4 lb. soft lead for chimney caps. the edge and nailed to the roof battens. Alex R. Abramson, of Greenwich, The top of each sheet was also locked was the general contractor for the re to cleats, one in each slope, the bot tom of the upper length fitted under pairing and reshingling: John F. Ing ham, of the same tow n, was the sheet the edge folds, lapping the bottom metal contractor. sheet 4 in. and dressed down securely. In this way. adequate provision has been made for expansion and contrac tion. at the same time providing a water-tight joint. Open valley sheets mav he lapped in this way when the slope is steep, or loose-locked as shown in the drawing. Where the slope is slight, loose-locking should be all types of flashings. This factor is augmented, where flashing is exposed, by the attractive gray-color of lead work which blends pleasingly with any building materials. For flashings, such as have just been described. 3 lb. hard lead or 5 lb. soft lead is recom mended for open valleys and base Lead is an excellent material for sheet metal work, whether for valley arid chimney (lashing, or for use on many other parts of buildings, such as (lashing for door and window heads, gutters, leaders, metal roofs, and other applications. The Lead Industries Association will he. glad to assist architects and done in all instances. sheet metal contractors planning to The excellent durability of lead is use lead with information on instal strong recommendation for its use on lation methods and other pertinent factors. i r LIA25A80 Selecting Correct Sizes and Weights of Lead Services A Factor of Great Importance F PRIME importance in getting O the greatest satisfaction from SPECIFY lead water services is the selection of 3 MATERIAL OV** pipes having correct wall thickness. Each diameter of lead pipe has three standard wall thicknesses. These are classified in the East as A, AA and AAA. and in the west as strong (Si. extra-strong I,AS), and double extrastrong (XXS). A and S are identical, as are A A and XS. and AAA and XXS. All lead pipe classified as A or S is designed to withstand 50 lb. per sq. in. constant w ater pressure, all AA or XS. 75 lb. per sq. in., and all AAA or XXS. 100 lb. per sq. in., regardless of size. In the old days things were not so simple, for formerly large diameter pipe of any classification was not so strong as small diameter pipe of the same classification. Consequently, it u as an easy thing to make errors in selection of the correct weight pipe by choosing pipe with too thin walls in suited in the new Lead Industries As sociation Standard discussed above. In buying lead pipe, purchasers should insist on pipe meeting these new standards. It is identified by the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval stamped on it. In this wav. the pur chaser's selection of the correct weight for a certain pressure is simplified and he can be sure, by looking for the Seal of Approval on the pipe, that he is getting exactly what he orders. As an example, if a city has water pressures in its services of 65 lb. per sq. in., all that is necessarv to get the correct lead pipe for the job is to order AA (XS) lead pipe bearing the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval. If the pressure is 90 lb. per sq. in., the specification should call for AAA l XXS I lead pipe hearing the Seal of the larger sizes on the assumption that Approval. The accompanying table it would withstand the same pressure lists the Lead Industries Associa as smaller pipe of the same classifica tion Standard service pipe sizes and tion. To obviate this difficulty, lead weights, and the pressure for which pipe sizes were recalculated and re- each is designed. Lead Industries Association Standard Service Pipe Cla? "ihcation For Pressure? up to Inside Diameter W eight per Foot East - West AS lb. per sq. in. 50 AA XS ' AAA XXS 75 100 in. A l 1/4 1(4 2 At 1 114 i`/2 2 A 1 Hi H/s 2 ib. oz. 3 ___ 4-- 4 12 68 8 12 38 4 12 6-- ft -- 13 12 4 12 6-- 7 12 11 4 19 8 Coned yize\ and weights of service pipe for various pressures in accordance with the Standards of the Lead Industries Association i Pressures listed are constant water pressures. Sometimes water hammer increases pressures materially but momentarily. On a quick test lead is considerably stronger than on a slowtest. In other w ords, pipe of a certain weight will successfully resist momen tary high pressures much greater than the constant pressures for which it is designed. For instance, in calculating the standard weights, the allowable fiber stress used was 2U0 lb. per sip in. for lead, whereas the ultimate tensile strength of lead on a quick test is about 2000 lb. per sq. in., the exact figure depending to some extent upon the grade of lead used and other factors. Obviously then, the new Lead Indus tries Association Standards provide a large factor of safety to take care of quick surges of pressure. The ques tion of water hammer and how to pro tect against it will he discussed in a subsequent issue since it is injurious to all piping systems. Having selected pipe of proper weight for the water pressures in volved. sufficient wall thickness is as sured. not only to resist pressure, but also to resist the various types of cor rosion to which pipes buried in the ground are subjected. Wall thickness of pipe i. of tremendous importance from this angle too. just as the number of plies of an automobile tire affect its resistance to wear. Even the lighter weights of lead sen ice pipe have thick walls to withstand corrosion which add proportionately to its life when compared with thinner walled pipes of other materials, particularly when it is remembered that lead itself is the most durable common metal under most conditions. SPECIFY jtFlOjt ilT?a MATERIAL ,N X s ' j UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL 'LEAD" REGULARLY. FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE. WITHOUT OBLIGATION, IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LlA254fi PRI NTLD IN C.R.A. KY PUBLISH I RS PRINTING O