Document XQYLzxjZe513Zw719omxkL24

Request for Exclusion of HCFO-1233zd Product from PFAS Restriction Proposal 1. Product introduction HCFO-1233zd Chinese name is 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, CAS number is 2730-43-0, molecular formula is C3H2F3Cl, molecular weight is 130.5. Because of the double bond in its molecule, it is quickly oxidized and degraded by addition with OH radicals and has a short life span in the atmosphere. HCFO-1233zd contains both cis and trans structures. HCFO-1233zd(Z), CAS No. 99728-16-2, can be used as a new type of environmentally friendly solvent, with an Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of about 0 and a low Global Warming Potential (GWP), non-flammable, non-flashing point, and can be used as a substitute for HCFC-141b and HCFC-225 in the cleaning field. HCFO-1233zd(E), CAS No. 102687-65-0, a non-toxic, non-flammable refrigerant with a GWP of 4.5 and an ODP of approximately 0, can be used as a high-efficiency refrigerant for chillers as a replacement for R123. At the same time, HCFO-1233zd(E) can also be used as a blowing agent to replace HFC-245fa, with excellent environmental protection and foaming performance, and is internationally recognized as a new generation of liquid blowing agent. 2. Application area As a work fluid in the Organic Rankine Cycle. HCFO-1233zd(E) may be an alternative work fluid to R245fa in Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems[1]. HCFO1233zd(E) is a excellent replacement for R245fa in the organic Rankine cycle, in addition to replacing conventional process media in centrifugal chillers. Medium and high temperature heat pumps play a huge role in environmental protection as an energy efficient technology. HCFO-1233zd(E) has a high transition temperature of 166.45 and a normal boiling point of 18.263, which makes it suitable for medium and high temperature heat pumps, and has broad application prospects in industrial waste heat recovery, replacing traditional coal-fired boilers and high temperature systems such as pasteurization.[2-3] Currently commonly used blowing agents, such as HFC-245fa, has a GWP of 1030, which exacerbates the greenhouse effect and contributes to global warming, and are more costly. The foaming process of HCFO-1233zd(E) is similar to that of HFC245fa, and it can be applied directly to the HFC-245fa foaming system, so it is an alternative to HFC-245fa.[4] HCFO-1233zd(E) can be utilized as a heat dissipation medium due to its good thermal conductivity and low to medium boiling point, and has a smaller critical pressure than conventional refrigerants, which can be effectively used in refrigeration, heat transfer, and air conditioning.[5] HCFO-1233zd as feedstock can be processed for the synthesis of organofluorine compounds, intermediates for pharmaceuticals and pesticides, and other applications. The development of trifluorine-containing intermediates mainly focuses on aliphatic C2 compounds such as trifluoroacetic acid and trifluoroethanol, while the synthesis of trifluorine-containing intermediates such as aliphatic C3 compounds is still in the research stage, and HCFO-1233zd is an important raw material for the synthesis of aliphatic C3 trifluorine-containing intermediates . [6-7] 3. Requests for exclusion from the restriction proposal ) Trends in the development of refrigerants. Scientists around the world have been committed to research and development of novel and environmentally friendly refrigerants, from the first generation of refrigerants to today's development of four generations of refrigerants, along the direction of green environmental protection and continuous replacement of new generations. In recent years, for the sake of saving energy and protecting the environment, the international community has formulated a series of policies and regulations to promote the replacement of refrigerants in various countries. In April 2014, the EU released the revised F-Gas regulation, which proposes a reduction timeframe for F-gases on the EU market from 2015-2030, as well as strengthening leakage controls to achieve HFC emission reductions. In December 2015, more than 170 countries and regions adopted the Paris Agreement at the Paris Climate Change Conference, which builds on the Montreal Protocol to further tighten controls on high Global Warming Potential (GWP) products, with the aim of limiting the increase in global average temperature to 2 or less in this century, and controlling the increase in global temperatures above pre-industrial levels, i.e. to 1.5 or less[8-9]. In 2006, the European Union issued a regulation on refrigerants for MAC systems, which prohibits the use of refrigerants with a GWP exceeding 150 in new automobiles leaving the factory as of January 2017[10-11]. On the ground of meeting the thermal performance of traditional refrigerants, new refrigerants should be non-toxic and non-flammable as far as possible in terms of safety. For environmental performance, GWP and ODP should be as low as possible. The hydrochlorofluoro-olefin refrigerant HCFO-1233zd(E), with its good thermophysical properties, safety and environmental characteristics, has become the main focus of research in alternative refrigerants. ) HCFO-1233zd(E) has an irreplaceable role to play in the field of foaming agents. Rigid polyurethane foams (referred to as rigid foams) has the advantages of low thermal conductivity, good water resistance and high specific strength, and is widely used as the thermal insulation layer of refrigerators, freezers and refrigerated containers, building thermal insulation panels, and various types of piping and equipment thermal insulation materials. Foaming agent is the main additives in the manufacture of rigid foam, and its type and quantity directly affect the physical and mechanical properties of the foam, the insulation and heat preservation efficiency, and the production price. As physical foaming agent, HFC has low boiling point, high foaming efficiency, stable foaming, no chemical change with polyol and polyurethane, and excellent mutual solubility, etc. Its unique thermal insulation properties make it the first choice for thermal insulation foaming materials. In addition, driven by environmental concerns, there have been three generations of HFC blowing agents. The first generation of blowing agent, trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11), damaged the atmospheric ozone layer and was phased out by the international community. The second-generation blowing agent 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) is a transitional Ozone-Depleting Substance (ODS) replacement, which is a phase-out substance under the Montreal Protocol. The third-generation blowing agent 1,1,1,3,3pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa) has an atmospheric Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of 0, which will not damage the atmospheric ozone layer, and it is the main physical blowing agent used in the international arena at present; however, its GWP is 1030, and with the international community's increasingly stringent control over the greenhouse effect and carbon emissions, HFC-245fa will face the reality of restriction and phase-out. In recent years, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene has been unanimously recognised for its excellent performance in the development of fourthgeneration HFC blowing agents. HCFO-1233zd(E) foam system synthesised rigid foam has good overall performance, excellent thermal insulation performance, and can meet the needs of the thermal insulation industry. And as the global greenhouse effect is becoming more serious, the use of HCFO-1233zd to replace R245 products is particularly significant. i) Hindering economic development and social progress. HCFO-1233zd has a wide range of applications mainly in the trans structure. According to the classification of application fields, it can apply to refrigerants, foaming agents, cleaning agents, fire extinguishing agents, work fluid, propellants, solvents, and coatings and other aspects of the field, in which as a foaming agent and refrigerant mainly in the form of compositions. Moreover, for developing countries, the preparation process of fourth-generation refrigerants is complicated and the production cost is high.A short-term, simultaneous global ban would affect the development process of various industries and seriously hamper economic development and social progress. Reference [1] YANG J, YE Z, YU B, et al. Simultaneous experimental comparison of low-GWP refrigerants as drop-in replacements to R245fa for Organic Rankine cycle application: R1234ze(Z), R1233zd(E), and R1336mzz(E) [J]. Energy, 2019, 173: 721-731. [2] MATEU-ROYO C, NAVARRO-ESBR J, MOTA- BABILONI A, et al. Theoretical evaluation of different high-temperature heat pump configurations for low-grade waste heat recovery[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2018, 90: 229-237. [3] FAN X W, GUO Z Y, LI H X, et al. Thermodynamic analysis of heat pump system using R32/ R1233zd(E) mixtures as refrigerant[J]. Building Energy & Environment, 2016, 35(9): 34-38. [4] JIAO F G. A new environment-friendly foaming agent HCFO-1233zd[J]. Organo-Fluorine Industry, 2016(1): 38-41. [5] LONG Z G. Mixed refrigerant suitable for deep-cooling temperature zone , its preparation and use: CN108531135A[P]. 2018-04-10. [6] ZENG J D, YONG M, ZHANG W, et al. Progress in synthesis and applications of trifluoropropanoic acid[J]. New Chemical Mat Erials, 2010(9): 75-77. [7] Komata T, Akiba S, Hosoi K, et al. Convenient synthesis of 3, 3, 3- trifluoropropanoic acid by hydrolytic oxidation of 3, 3, 3-trifluropropanal dimethyl acetal[J]. J Fluorine Chem., 2008, 129: 35-39 [8] XU C Y, GUO Z K, SHI W J, et al. Substitution research summary of HFO refrigerants in refrigeration and air-conditioning field[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2019, 19(8): 1-13. [9] DAVIRAN S, KASAEIAN A, GOLZARI S, et al. A comparative study on the performance of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a as an alternative in automotive air conditioning systems[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 110: 1091-1100. [10] SUN X F, HAN Y. Comparison of automotive air conditioning alternative refrigerants[J]. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, 2015, 15(5): 60-67. [11] LI B, CHEN J P. Current study status of global mobile air-conditioning alternative refrigerants [J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2008, 28(3): 10-14.