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\ * f JIRESj CERAMIC ABSTRACTS I Compiled by The American Ceramic Society c.Ross Puxsy, Editor Mjuly J. Rocum \ Assistants E*clt C. Vax Sesoies Dotorsr J. Tmn on Publications: JjD. Sctimw, Chairman. R. G. Covtak. T. A. Suxxrc.nx. R. F. Snxwooo. R. C. Pvksy Volume 15,1936 Absfractcn: Abde Ally, J. B. Austis. A. A. Avars. Rudolf Barca. M. H.Berns. Arthur Bevan. L. T. BrownmiUer. W. H. Brudoser. Peter Budrrikoff and . Siefar.owjky, J. C. Chaatoe, P. T. Clark. W. M. Cohn. M. V. Condoide. Maurice Delangre. R. W. Devillers, A. H. Emery, W. F. Figee. V*. D. Foster, J.'L. Gallup, J. D. Gat, Max Haneabdm, M. J. Hatisman, F. G. Heck. R. A. Reindl, E. B. Hewitt, G. M. Hutt. Herbert Insley, C. B. Jesni, Seiji Rondo. E. H. McClelland. S. I. Perkal. F. P. Peters. G. M. Petersen, C. J. Phillips, J. G. Phillips. R. H. H. Pierce, Jr,, Alexis Pincus. R. F. Rea, Katherine Reed, F. Resaud. H. K. Richardson, 1L VI. Ryan. A. B. Searle. M. C. Shaw, G. R. Shelton. K. E. Simpson. A. P. Sons. J. H. Stesgerwald, H. H. Stephenson. B. H. Strom. L. E. Thies*. Gilbert Thiessen. E. J. Vachuska, F. E. Vaerewyck, J. M. Warde. F. J. Zvanut. Editorial Office: 2525 North High Street. Columbus. Ohio. Publication Office: 20th and Northampton Streets. Easton, Fa. i VoL IS, N> * 1936 General 49 Humidity^ f^s in largest diameter are considered to cause silicosis tic ebarges; 46 so larger ones are able to cater tbe tiny air sacs of ae buildup ofij .be tea**)* W aeral competition of tbe dust with Quart* J-L.C -be dangerous constituent. and (4) length of time exposed osde. R,'^ Ip (be dust. A ratios of the health hazards of a particular U6 (3-128] Thj, can be made only after considering the physical coa stals of MgO m Kill. Tbe sealing m. TV* 8 11 X W-sg ; raate 0 to 100^ *tioes of tbe plant, the processes aad materials, duties of Tbe employees, their previous medical aad occupational Rories, the four exposure factors Hited. sod the medial ^Hrrr 06 employees. Tbs last should iaehjde a tboree(b history and examination of the chest, with stereo- some up to 3 gj, voP* X*ray dims. Medical methods of prevention in- .rent to X K^dt preimployment examinations with chest films, pe- refractioa dues -irfr* with chest films, aad placement of em- to attack by 6t Joyces according to the results 'of these examinations. Z), lead (1050*^ rggjoeering prevention includes dust analyses 1100*0. but * tebed tbe surf** to penetration!) *. J.L.G:Fastory Mena*. 35).--Quality eefves satisfaaoj ntiag the efficiency of protective devices, and comparing be information gained with the established oiteria. The protection used may take the form of protection for indi^.i employees or of eontrol of the dust particles. The -easorement of the remaining hazard is sot concerned cub what the protective devices take away but rather with whit remains for the worker to breathe. Illustrated. processes wherti J.L.G. u Is needed. Tk Steel prepares to meet new opportunities. V. G. bjeetive of quafiQ lots. Nation't Business, p. 22 (March, 1934).--Numer- where and whir* <ws examples of the applications of stainless steels, sheet inspecting the* Reels, and improved welding methods are gives, and it is . (7) layout of `town how these advances have lead the steel industry, taxation. (9) ma ;be business barometer, back toward better times. ions of mspeetn / ,, P.T.C. JX-Gw * Views on tilfrrotia. W. . Cooxx. Jovr, Eypene, 35 .r. Bull. Am*. 207-18 (1935).--It is tiaimed that the consensus of "pinion is that the chemical actios of free silica plays ittry. J. G. Via, classification of so rm. water contest le following appS.d: (1) defiocculw of, fritted enamels, .tion of glazes. (5) manufacture of re* silicate--** Cerset F.G.S. 'he major part m the production of sSicoszs. The theory :{ W. R. Jones that seriate and not free sSica is the cause >? silicosis is discredited. The size of the particles is im portant only on account of their effect os the solubility. Sharp and angular particles do aot necessarily cause res piratory disability. Pseumouocosiosis from asbestos may > due to the liberation of free silica from solution of as bestos is tissue fiuids. No explanation is given for the im- sanity from silicosis of some workers under adverse eon- iuens. GJIJL. iamKCTOK. Fat] 291-92 (1935).hygienist, defiafl ormal, elastic lust <sue brought abeot ie particles of free ime. This fibre* ecrease in lung extuberculosis. N** are the hairs in tte ace of tbe lining ef ilia or microscope n. The seconds/? tem which acts * :r exposure facto* arc (1) the conctf* -s per cubic foot d krk-s under ten mr BOOKS Ceramic Data Book and Catalogs. 8th ed. Industrial hiblications, Inc.. Chicago. 1935. 33Q pp. No charge. THj edition carries 80 pages of weU-mustrated advertise-eats, each of which contains informational matter of "-due to every ceramist. These 80 pages of advertising re not by any means of small value; they are sources of ^formation. There are 44 'pages devoted to a review of literature with bibliographies on enamel, whiteware. refractories, and structural clay products and pro- action. There are 130 pages devoted to a compilation - ubl. charts, definitions, and data which are frequently Forty-fire pages are devoted to ceramic raw materiaU. Eleven pages are devoted to formulas and calcula*was. While some of the material of this eighth edition `f'Pears in the previous editions, a great deal of it is new. ^oging the information up to date. This has charac terized all previous editions, making of these ****! valu able and fairly exhaustive reference works oa ceramics. Rosa C. Pvanr Ceramic Engineering flngemeria Cerimica). T. W. Ga*vx. Columbus, Ohio. 8 pp., 11 figs. This small bulle tin discusses driers, kilns, ete^ and is written for the seeds of the daywerker in Latin-American countries. It con tains an improved design of a chambered continuous especially suitable for the prevailing capacities and re quirements of the Spanish and Portuguese South. This kiln permits the firing of all structural and other ware, en abling flashing, salt-glazing, etc. An appendix contains a table of pyrometric cones and other vital data relative to tbe conversion from the English to the metric (Spanish) system. T.W.C. Ch^mirtl Engineering Catalog. 20th wwi d. Reinhold Publishing Corp.. New York, 1935. 863 pp. Price 83.00. Tbe publishers have once more rendered valuable service to the industries in the issuance of this book. The technical and scientific book section of 50 pages is alone worth the price of this catalog. The many equipment aad instrument concerns have furnished 800 pages of condensed alphabetized aad indexed catalog, thus providing a handy reference book. It has a separate in dex of the laboratory aad reagent chemicals. Ross C. Pcxar Chemical Guide Book, 1935. Chemical Markets, , New York, 1935. 803 pp. Price 82.00. Reviewed in Ceram. Age, 26 (4] 159 (1935). F.G.H. Dynamic Economics. Theoretical and Statistical Studies of Demand, Production, and Prices. (Mono graph of the Cowles Commission for Research m Eco nomics, No. 1). Cstftn Fuoaia Roos. Principle Press, Bloomington, Zsd., 1934. 275 pp. Price 83.50. A good general description of this book by the former Di rector-of Research and Planning of the NRA is found in' the first sentence of his preface. "In 1929 I decided to refrain from publishing research papers in economics until I bad a sufficient number to justify tbe publication of a book which would relate these researches to each other and to my earlier papers." Unfortunately, R. has not quite succeeded in all he set out to do. for is spite of certain points of correlation between the chapters they remain a collection of research studies lacking is continuity and of uneven quality, the more mathematical ones being, in geo- eral, superior to the others. This is partly due to the fact that, like Alfred Marshall whom he quotes, R. obviously thinks' 'much more easily in mathematics. . .than a En glish.** His test is not well finished and is sometimes wordy, as in the case of Chapter I. in which he takes 12 pages to develop the concept of "dynamic economics'* which must be dear to anyone who is competent to under stand what follows. There is also a tendency to overwork certain symbol; which occasionally leads to confusion. For example on page 196, reference is made to the letters A, B, and C without further comment except that they are "described in the preceding chapter," which in turn seems to contain several lands of A '. B'%, and Cs. In regard to subject matter. R-, whose mathematical equipment is impressive and beyond question, has at tempted to provide a broad basis for economic theory and in so doing has made frequent excursions into highly ab* *rj Ceramic Abstracts Vol. U\ .\o. s lOM Jon Piss. Rickaeo Pass. Bull. Amrr. Ceram. Six., X3 (61220-23(1936). New regularicns for mine police ia anthneito coal inis is Germany. SCHCXNANN. Zenit. Ceieerbekyt. UnJaUeerkutung, 22, 164 (Aug.-Sept., 1935).--S.. silicosis expert (Stettin). comments os the sew regulations for mine* police {Guckanf, p. 773 (1933)) in hard-coal areas (upper Breslau. Boon. Dortmund), showing emphatic instructions for the technical security of industrial workers, who must be safeguarded ia every possible way from mechanical in juries, from customary illness, and from occupational dis eases. The campaign against silicosis through prevention of dust in boring operations is particularly provided for. K.R. Organization and work of laboratories for the study of ceramic materisls ia Prince. XV. De Keyses. Verre ar Silicates tnd., 7 [101 116-19 (1936).--The essential points of the organization of the Institute for French Ceramics sad the Official Laboratory of the Syndicate of Manufac turers of Ceramic Products in France are discussed briefly. M.V.C. Silicosis sad the minerals causing it E. L. MrnoLSTOH arm W. R. Jokes. Foundry Trade Jour.. 52 (9691 19192 (1933).--Silicosis was discussed before the Southern Section of the Institute of Vitreous Enameiers in London. M. (Medical Inspector of Factories) dealt with the disease itself and J. discussed the minerals which cause it. H.E.S. Silicosis prevention in the porcelain industry. Haetvan*. Zentr. Cewerbekyj. Vn/aUeerkulung^. 22, 141-30 (Sepv. 1935).--Closely descriptive pages on : porcelain manufacture told in narrative sequence deserve a separate abstract. The entire paper carefully translated would make good required reading for pottery amateurs or ce ramic apprentices. Dust dangers unload with the masses of raw material, rich in silica and its compounds. The worker may be safer by dampening down the dusts or sucking it away at the point of origin. Here Hartmann, as engineer, asserts himself. Actual pictures are reproduced from boles, corners, floors, and ceilings, showing desirable and undesirable appliances and place-location of workers; ventilators below that should be above, or else in retersc activity. The 1934 protective regulationsof the Engineer ing Insurance Assn, are submitted like solemn commandoents. Hartmann emphatically urges ceramic cleanli ness. Floors, machines, ceilings, the air itself, can not be too often cleansed, scrubbed, wiped, polished, ventilsted. or blown away, to suit his ceramic-medical ideal. As he contemplates continuous droppings and scatterings from beginning to end of the work-cycle, arising and re-arising m ever finer and drier dust-clouds, whirling as in a dance of death, he almost shouts above the roar and clatter. "Ceramic dust is not Fate--it is criminal slovenliness.'* K.R. Swedish Commission visits Germany. Anon. Zenit. Grtserbekyi. Unfallverkulung, 22, 204 (Nov., 1935); also in Aertxl. Sackter. Ztg.. 41, 324 (Dec. 1. 1935).--A Swedish delegation from the Royal Insurance Society toured Ger many to study research methods and practical aspects of the current campaign against dusts causing silicosis. In Berlin. Dr. Bauer, the Reich's Labor Ministry's medical ad visor. spoke on "Damages sustained in severe silicosis." The group visited the University-Institute for Occupational Diseases, the State Porcelain Works, the Siemens Plant (sandblast-polishers), and the Berlin industries having a silicosis' risk (silica paint works and cosmetic and scouring powder manufacturers). Dr. Udluft. the geologist, talked on the minerals whose dusts cause silicosis and pointed out their occurrence in the terrain around them. Prof. Jotten. Government Research Laboratory'for Industrial Diseases. Munster, reported his results on "Dust research upon ex perimental animals." At the tCaiser-Wilhelm Institute for Physiological Research in Dortmund. G. Lehmann dem- oastrated his work on the efficiency of the nose in dust filtration. At the Silicosis Symposium, ia sessioa at the Bochum mines, silicosis experts discussed the pathology and clinical course of silicosis and the miners' susceptibility to it in that region. In Dusseldorf Dr. Lochtkemper showed an X-ray series illustrating silicosis ia its several pluses and in different occupations. The ceramic indus- tries were studied in Frankfurt-am-Main, where siipware porcelain, technical appliances, and dentures are made. Silicosis is found among the Elb stone-workers. Dr. Brandt, industrial physician of the vicinity, and Prof. Saupe at their clinic reported on silicosis and asbestosis in Saxony. Dr. Stegmuad. Kiel, spoke on his research on colloidal silicic arid. ICR. Training of a chemical engineer. R. K. ifcathy. Jour. Australian Gum. Inst.. 3 (4| 109-25 (1936),--American. European, and Australian methods are compared. H.H.S. What to do after the flood. G. A. Vax Bxukt. Factory Management a* Maintenance, 94 (4| 144-43. ad. p. 32 (1930).--Bearings should be emptied, silt cleaned out. and gieasc or oil removed with solvents. Motors and trans formers should be dried out and insulation checked by re sistance tests. Meters should be returned to the maker. Gears and transmission chains should be cleaned. Rubber and waterproof belts need only to be cleaned and the sur face dried. Leather belts must be cleaned and then dried very slowly under a coating of belt dressiog or oil. Foun dations, floors, and roofs should be checked and repaired where needed. Illustrated. See Ceram. Abs.. tS III 46 (1936). J.L.G. Why tad how as engineer can help clay products plants. Eenest W. Knapp. Brisk Clay Rec., U [41 147-48 (1936).--Many plant failures and inefficiencies are due to faulty design. The application of common sense, practi cal engineering skill to the remodeling and rebuilding of plants and equipment would- help imorove the quality of the ware and reduce costs now often exorbitant. fC cites personal remodeling of a drier to reduce eosts and secure better operation. The advantages of properly operated updraft kilns are also cited. E.J.V. NEW JOCENAL Annals of Science. (Quarterly.) Edited by D. McKjz. Haecouet Beown, and K. W. Roeinson. Taylor 3c Francis. London. Price 6s 3d. quarterly, or 1 per ao* - num, post free. VoL l. No. I, Jan., 1936. Reviewed Discovery, 17 (194| 58 (Feb., 1936).--This is i quarterly review of the history of science since the Renaissance. H.H.S. | I i 1 * ( j { 1 ' ; { j I j I j i j New 1 Berate: Price 7s Techs Nat. Cc xvi 4-3.' 55 (IS! 3 ard Engl of gaseot fuel, sec scope ar and fluid gases, an those me construct gist. A ish Scanc .11 1936 General 349 tA vitrified .materials. Esuaxo Rwramt. and preparation; (2) flnosflioc arid, its properties end in. CWm., 4,523-66 (1935); abstracted m Chem. Zenlr^ production, and metafile sflicofluerides; (3) metallic am tiry. win- ii, 421 (1936).--The relationship between the txaasfarmatmo point and incipient softening at vitrified materials was studied. See Cm. Ahr* 13 {10] 255 (1934). U.V.C. Studies os aluminium oxide by *"**" of eieetrnale fluorides Ad doable fluorides; (4) analysis of hydro, fluoric and fluosfliric arid and their metallic salts; (5) uses of bydroflucrie Ad fiuosflidc scads and their metallic salts. The last part deals with the use of these materials b* ) At X\MXf! v. I2S, J31s of naan a of ds A G. XUS 6).-- xxfiy safer sable areaprobm of (doe. rays. E. Bilvz. Z. Pkytik, 100 PI 192-96 (1936).-- Wien alumina is exposed to electronic rays, interference Sees ere obtained which allow ccnchaioos to be drawn re* Hs structure. Tiro types of altmiina were a* sained: (1) alumina made by an electrolytic oxidation, and (2) alumina made by the oxidetion of metal foS in a flame. Electrolytic alumina consists of a very finely cry** slime T-elumina. Alumina made m the fianM consists of the usual coarsely crystallise form with crystals of metafile aluminium interspersed m it. L.T3. System KtO-PbO-SlO*. R. F. Grtira and E. N. Bonilvo. Jour. Rutarek Sai. Bur. Stands 17 [2] 277r89 (1936); R3. 911. Price 54.--The system was mvesti- . gated by means of well-known methods involving quench* mg, petrographic examination, and heating curves. Five ternary compounds were identified optically in the system ExO-SiOr-FbO-SlOt, and the compositions of four of these were established. The first, crystallising as hexagonal plates with a melting point at 918*C, is **?> negative, and the optic axis is perpendicular to the cleavage. The Kcosd, crystallising as well-defined fibers or laths, melt* m the glass industry. Numerous patents ere mentioned. M.Y.C. Mkrogas Analysis Ad Its Application (Die Mfimogas- analyse usd ihre Anwesdung). Hxnoxor Scxwajlx. Emil Haim and Co.. Vienna Ad Leipzig, 1935. 286 pp. Price (paper) 21 Rm.; (linen) *2230 Rm. Reviewed m 2nd. Znt. CW, Nems Ed,, 13 {6] 116-17 (1935). F.GJL Thsory of Emulsions Ad Thsir Technical Treatmt. Wn T,uu Claytoh. J. and A. Churchill. Loudon. 1935. 459 pp. Price 25s. Reviewed in Trans. Faraday Soe., 32 (6] 972 (1936).--The very large technical literature an cnrulrions-has been incorporated. There is a equally thorough treatsmat on colloid mills, homogenized. Ad the manifold devices used for de-emulsification, inversion of emulsions, and multiple emulsions. G.R.S. PATSSfTS Alkaline trisodium phosphate. Howaxs Asa (Victor Chemical Works). U. S. 2.050.249. Aug. 11, 1936 (April 9.1934). .T. i siE- mg at 779*C, and resembling a ihort-fibered asbestos when cashed, has the optic axis parallel with the longitudinal ass. *The third is positive biaxial and crystallises as rec Method of producing persfllcates of increased stability with high content of hydrogen peroxide or active oxygen. F.Kxaxm. Brit. 452,144, Sept. 2.1936 (Dee. 15.1933). son's v, p. .case aeane its it* jss of ^ per* The entza* small soiuof the 1 is a .rough res in | tangular, platy granules of parallel extinction which melt at 757*C. The fourth is platy, melts mcongrucntiy at 735*C, and is very unstable. The crystalline phase of us* determined composition apparently melts mcongrueatly at about 750*C to form glass Ad SiO*. Unfortunately, all the glasses examined (which otherwise held prTM"TM* of usefulness ss glazes) on beating Ad cooling .undergo vol ume chAges so great as to preclude their use on dayware ss now manufactured, with the exception of certain "high silica" Ad "high talc'* wall tile. R.A.H. Thermal decomposition of kaolin Ad the compositions issuing from it under higher temperatures. O. F. Hokus. Siamo, p. 387 (1935). &3. noons Hydrofluoric Ad Fluosfiieic Adds Ad Their Metafile Process for making sodium aluminats. O. A. Ouxx. U. S. 2,052,486, Aug. 25,1936 (Feb. 5. 1934). A process for making eiummate comprises y sodium hydroxide to a aqueous solution of alummum sulfate, adding substAtiafiy anhydrous alcohol, removing sodium sulfate from the alcoholic solution of sodium aluminate. Ad separating the aluminate by distillation. Process of treating tine oxide. Hugo Rxinkaxp (Wil helm Grifio Handelsges. m.b.H.). U. S. 2,053449. Sept. 1, 1936 (June 20, 1934). The method of producing zinc oxide comprises vaporizing zinc metal by boiling in a ex ternally heated mufile, burning the vapors within a com bustion chamber in the presence of a quAtity of oxygen* containing gas sufficient to oxidize the vapors Ad to con vey the oxidized product to a precipitation zone. Ad timultAeously retarding the Sow Ad the rate of cooling 13. xyleme ./inf* Hg.Ir, ractn* fled in Saits:. Yah 24 (Flussaurt, Eieselfiusssafire uud derea Metafisaitxe). Osxajl Ltpxa. Eake's library of Chemistry Ad Technique. Edited by Ludwig Vtaiso. 433 pp. Reviewed is GiaiiriUU, 66 (20 ) 349 (1936); Sprtduaal, 69 {24] 352 (1936).--The following topics are discussed: (1) hydrofluoric acid, its properties, formation. of the resultAt fumes within the range from 800 to 500*C. Treatment of clays, etc. William Fslpxkhxxkxx. U. S. 2.053429. Sept. 8. 1936 (Aug. 23. 1935). In the treatment of days, etc* to improve their color, the step comprises treating the day in the wet state with a soluble chromous salt. * earlet- General Ui. 'tin. hod is a mix* Q i***** xample <eparal.H. Filtration of air in foundries. 0. Ts. Rojutnjg. Gift* sera, 23 (12] 295-98 (1936).--The hygienic Ad economic fcarmfulness of the dusts is foundries is pointed out. end mesas for removal by filtering or electrical precipitation Ad the respective advantages of these methods are dis cussed. M.H. Health hazards in industry. F. K. Fxatonby. Jour. Australian Cion. Inst., 3 (7] 199 (1936).--Most important of industrial hazards is inhalation of very fine dusts, es pecially siliceous dusts, although Pb attacks most dAger* ously on (he respiratory tract. Accident proneness (25% of workers bring in 75% of accidents) is noted. A bibli ography of the Australian Commonwealth Dept, of Health service publications on the subject is attached. H.H.S. The American Ceramic > Society / February 15,1993 - I hereby certify that the attached copies of Ceramic Abstracts, Volume 15,1936, are true and accurate copies, which maintained in the normal course of business at the American Ceramic Society, 735 Ceramic Place, Westerville, Ohio 43081. Christine Schnitzer Product Manager Ceramic Information Center 735 Ceramic Place Westerville, Ohio 43081-8720 614*890-4700 TWX: 7101109409