Document XOnN8gw7n8wL417N94ZJaZvXR
2 DEFENDANT'S EXHIBIT
% Reprinted from the A. M. A. Archives of Industrial Ilcctln
September J9.'9, l^ol. 20, pf. 2^2s0
^jpvriyht 1959, by American Medial Association
1959
sldoftcd at the 2
orfthU >}micnlcaji Conference of
Gozcnuncuta! industrial Hygienists'
jhtf-l 25-28, 1959
Threshold limits sliould be used as guides in the control of health hazards and should not be regarded as fine lines between safe and dangerous concentra tions. They represent conditions under which it is believed that nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effect. The values listed refer to time weighted average concentrations for a normal work-day. The amount by which these figures may be exceeded for short periods without injury to health depends upon a number of factors such as the nature of the contaminant, whether very high concentrations even for short periods produce acute poisoning, whether the effects arc cumulative, the frequency with which high concentrations occur, and the duration of such periods. All must be taken into consideration in arriving at a decision as to whether a hazardous situation exists. Special con sideration should be given to the application of these values in the evaluation of the health hazards which may be associated with exposure to combinations of two or more substances.
Threshold limits are based on the best available information from industrial experience, from experimental studies, and, when possible, from a combination of the two. These values are based on various criteria of toxic effects or on marked discomfort; thus, they should not be used as a common denominator of ^ toxicity, nor should they be considered as the sole criterion in proving or disprov ing diagnosis of suspected occupational diseases.
These limits arc intended for use in the field of industrial hygiene and should Le employed by persons trained in this field. They are not intended for use, or for modification for use, in the evaluation or control of community air pollution or air-pollution nuisances.
These values are reviewed annually by the Committee on Threshold Limits for changes, revisions, or additions as further information becomes available. The Committee welcomes the suggestion of substances to be added to the list and also comments, references, or reports of experience with these materials.
Received for publication May 1, 1959.
'recommended values
' / Gases and Vapors
Approx. Ms.
Approx. Mg.
Substance
PPM* per Cu. M-t Substance
PPM per Cu. M-t
Acetaldehyde ...................... 200
10 Acetic anhydride ......... 5 Acetone ............................... 1.000
360 25 20
2,400
Allyl propyl disulfide ... .
Amyl acetate .............. . Amyl alcohol
2 100 200
12 70 1,050
Acetylene Ictrabromidc ... Acrolein .............................. Acrylonitrile ...................... Ally! alcohol ......................
l
. 0.5 20
5
14 12
43 12
(isoajnyl alcohol) ...... Aniline ............................. . Artine ............................... . Bentcne (benzol) ............ .
100 5 0.05 25
360 19 0-2 80
Ally! chloride......................
0 -- 15
Bcmyl chloride ................ . 1
S
9-1/266
- -V
l... . " * C| ---. '
---
V-- --
SC-ALL-09960
SCF-FA-4860
TUR-SUOLD LIMIT VALUES FOR mi
Approx. Mg.
INSTANCE
PPM per Cu. M.
Crcroine .............................. 0.1
0.7
Butadiene (l.J-huiadicnc). 1.000
2,200
Dut-anone (methyl
ethyl ketone) ................. 250 Duty! acetate
740
(n*butyl acetate) .......... 200 Butyl alcohoi (u-butanol). 100
930 3CO
Butvlamiue ....................... 5
13
Butyl cellosolve
(2-butoxycthnnol) ........ so
240
Carbon dioxide ................. 5,000
9,000
Carbon disulfide ............... 20
60
Carbon monoxide ............. 100
110
Carbon tetrachloride ........ 25
160
Cellosolve
(2-eilioxyeth.*.nol) ........ 200
740
Cellosolve acetate
(2-ethoxyethyl acetate). 100
540
Odoriue ................... ..
1
3
Chlorine trifluoride .......... 0.1
0.4
Chlorobeniote
(monochlorobcniene) .. 73
350
1 Qdoroform
'
(triehloromethanc) .... so
240
l-Q:loro-l-nitropropane .. 20
100
: Cdoropicrin ....................... 0.1
0J
Qdoroprene (2-chloro-I,3-
butadiene) ....................... 23 Cresol (all iiomen) .... S
90 22
Cyclohexane ....................... 400
1,400
Cyclolicxanol ..................... 100
410
Cyclohexanone ................... 100 .
400
Cyclohcxcne ....................... 400
1,330
Cyclopropane ..................... 400
690
Dceaborane........ ................ 0.0S
OJ
Diacetor.e alcohol
(4-hydroxv-4-mcthyl2-pcntanone) ...............
SO
240
Diborane ............................. 0.1
0.1
o-Diclilorobcnicne ............ so
300
Dichlorodiniioromethane .. 1.000
4.930
1,1-Diddorocthane ............ 100
400
UZ-Dichloroctlianc (ethylene dichloride) ..
1.2-Dicldorocthylcne ....< Dichloroethyl ether ......
100
200
IS
400 790
90
TVichloromonoflttoroinclhane 1,000
4,200
l.l-Dichloro-l-niiroetJune . 10 ' -60
Dichlorotetrafluoroetlune . 1,000
7,000
nUiliylamiite tliduftrodilirtmtomclhanc .. 1 Jii--<JHityl ketone ............
2S 100
so
73 660
290
IliiiK'thylaniline
1 N*-dimciliylanilinc) ... IJs-.rvtUvUul t.MC ............... Ihovuiiv
s 1
23 S
lin\i.lc) ................. . , 100" Ktl.yl aecit.ic ................... , 400
360 1.400
Approx. Mu.
iuSSTAXCE
PPM per Cu. M.t
Ethyl acryhtte .........
25 . ICQ
Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) .. 1.CC0
1.900
Ethvlamine ............... ......... 25
45
Ethylbenictie ..................... 2C0
870
Ethyl bromide ................... 200
890
Ethyl chloride ................... 1.000
2.600
Ethyl ether ....................... 400
UCO
Ethyl formate ................... ICO
300
Ethvl silicate ..................... 100
850
Ethylene chlorohydrin .... 5
16
Ethylenediamine .......... ..
10
30
Ethylene dibromidc
(1,2-dibromoethanc) .... 23
Ethylene iinine ...................
S
Ethylene oxide................... 50
Fluorine ............................... 0.1
Fluorotriehloromethane ... 1.000
Formaldehyde.....................
3
Furfural..............................
3
Gasoline .............................. 5C0
Heptane (n-heptane) ........ SCO
190 9 90 0.2
3.600 6
20 2.CC3 2.0C3
Hexane (n-hexane) .......... 300
1.SC0
Hexanone (methyl butyl ketone) ...........................
Hexone (methyl isobutyl ketone) ..................... .. .
100 ICO
410 410
Hydrsiine ........................... Hydrosen bromide ............ Hydrosen chloride ............ Hydrosen cyanide..............
1 3 5 10
1J 17 7 11
Hydrostn fluoride..............
Hydrogen peroxide,
..
Hydrogen selenide..............
3 1 0.03
2 1.4 02
Hydrogen sulfide .............., 20
30
Iodine .................................. . 0.1 Isophorone ........................., 23
1 140
Isopropylamine..................., 3
12
Mesityl oxide..................... 23 Methyl acetate.................... 200
ICC 610
Methyl acetylene............... . 1,000
1.630
Methyl acrylate............... .. 10 Methyl alcohol
33
(methanol) ................... . Methyl bromide................ Methyl cellosolve
(2-mcthoxyctlianol) ... . Methyl cellosolve acetate
200 20
25
260 80
80
(ethylene glycol moiiom-
ethyl ether acetate) ... . Methyl chloride................ . Methylal (dimethoxy-
25 100
120 210
methane) ....................... Methyl chloroform
3.1 CO
(1.1,1-trichloroctliane) Methylcyelohc.xane .......... Mcihylcyeloliexanol ........ Mcthylcyclohexaiionc .... Methyl formate................
SCO
2.700 2.000 . 470
4G0 230
95/267
Soi h
1 >
> f l l I 1 > 2 1> C C F F F F ? P P P :P P P
Su: t
c
96/
A. .U. A. ARCHA-HS OT IXDCS7.1IAL HEALTH
iUBSTANCC
Approx. M~ PPM* per Cu. M.t
Methyl isobutyl carklncl (methyl amyl alcohol) ..
a-Mctiiyl styrene .............
23 ICO
ICO 4S0
Methylene chloride * r (tlichlorotnethanc) ....... SCO
1,750
Moitomcthyl aniline .......... 2
9
Naphtha (coal tar) ......... 200
soo
Naphtha (pctrolettnt) .... 500
2,000
Nicltcl carbonyl ................. 0.001
0.007
Nitric acid ......................... 10
25
A-Xitrcaniline ...................
l
6
Nitrobenzene .....................
1
S
Nitroctltane ....................... ICO
310
Nitrogen dioxide............. . 5
9
Nitroglycerin ..................... 0.5
5
Nitrometkanc ..................... ICO
250
2-Nitropropane ................. so
ISO
Nilrotolticne ....................... s
30
Cetane ................................ SCO
2J30
Oaane ..................................
0.1
02
Pa -- dich!orcbcr.:rr.e.......... 75
4:0
Fcmane ................1............ 1.0C0
2.930
Pentanonc (methyl prcpyl
ketone) ........................... 200
700
Pcrchlorethylcr.e
(tctracitloroethylcne) .... 2CO
U30
Phenol ................................
s
19
Phenylhydmzine.................
s.
22
Phosgene (carbonyl
chloride) .........................
1
4
Pitospitinc ........................... 0.05
0.07
Phosphorus trichloride .... 0.5
3
Propyl acetate ................... 200
840
Propyl alcohol
(isopropyl alcohol) .... 400
9S0
Substance
Approx. Mg. rp:-f per Cu. M.t
Propyl ether (isopropyl
ether) .............................. 3C0 Propylene <iich!on!c
2,100
(l^-dichloropropnnc) .. 75
330
Propvlcne imine ................ 25
60
Propylene oxitlc ................ Pyridine ....'....................... Qjinone ............................... Stibine ................................. Stodilard solvent ................
100 10 0.1 0.1
300
240 30 0.4
0.5 2.5C0
Styrene monomer
(phcnylethylene) ............ 100
Sulfur dioxide ...................
5
Sul air hexafluoride .......... 1.CC0
Sulfur monochloritle..........
1
420 13
6.CC0 6
Sulfur pentailuoriile .......... 0.025 Tertiary butyl alcohol .... 100
0.23 300
A-Tertiary butyltoluene ... 10
60
1.122-Tetraciiloro<tliane .. 5
33
Tetrahydrofuran ............... . 2C0
590
Tetrar.itromethane ............, I
S
Toluene (toluol) ............. . 2CO
7:3
o-Toluidine ....................... .. 5
22
Tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate , 0.1
07
Trichloroethylene .......... . . 200
1,0:3
Triethylamine .................... 23
ICO
Trifluoromono-
bromomtthane ................ 1,000
6,100
Turpentine j....................... .. ICO
560 -
Vinyl chloride (chloroethylene) .......... . 300
uco
Vinyl toluene ................... .
Xylene (xylol) ................ .
Xylidir.c ............................. .
ICO
200
5
4S0
870
25
Pin* of npor or ;u per million parts of air Hr volume.
t Approximate milU;rinvx per cuHie meter of air* C;ince in vaiue previously Imeti.
Toxic Dusts, Fumes, and Mists
Ms- per
M;. per
Substance
Cu. M. Substance
Cu. M. I
Aldrin (1.2,3,4,10,10-hexaehloro1,4,4s, 3.8,Ea-he.xahydrn- 1,4,3,8-
Chlorinated dipiietivl oxide.................. Chlorodiphenyl (427* chlorine) ........
0.3 1
dimcthanonaphthaler.e) .........
0313
Chlorodiphenyl (549* chlorine) .........
02
Amaile (ammonium sulfamatc) ... Antimony .............................................. AKTU (alplia-naphihyl-thiourea) ...
IS 0-3
0.3
Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO.) ........................................
Crag herbicide (sodium 2-[2,4-dicliloro-
0.1
Arsenic ......................................................
02
pheitox)'] ethanol hydrogen suliate) 15
Barium (soluble compounds) .................
O.S
Beryllium ............................................
2y/m*
Cadmium oxide (time .........................
0.1
Cyanide (as CM) ................................. 2.4-D(2,4-dichlorophcnoxyacctic acid) DDT (2,2-bis(A-ehlor6plicnyl 1.1.1,1-
5 10
Calcium arsenate ................................
0.1
trichlorocthane) ...............................
1
Chlnrdane (1,2.4.5,6,7,3.3-octachloro-
Dieldriu (1.2,J.4,10.10-hcxachIoro-6.7-
. 3a,4.7,7.i-tetrahydro-4,7-
fpoxyl.4,4.a.516.7.S.I\voctahydro-
mctlianoiii<lanc) ........... *................... Odorinatcd camphene, 607* ..............
2 0.3
1.4.S,S-iliinctliano-iiapliil'.alcne) .... Dinitrohcnrenc ......................................
0.25 1
50/253
T
^0^
L5H^
,w2a.C5 Z': s C5.W,
*
i&Vhiw
n *-\Sf r
u.vJjn , 4" ' . . tid***--j~ Sr-'cc* . i-.'i.V~
"HZZSHCLD L1MIT VALUES POE
SuCSTaNCE
.
Mj. ?er
Dinitrotolucne ...................................... Dlnitro-o-cresol .................................... E?N (O-etSyl 0-,**nitrophenyt
1.5 0.2
thiouobcnrencphosphonaie) ............. Fcrbnm (ferric dimethyl
d: t hi ocarhamate
.......................
Fcrrovaiuulium dust ............................
Fluoride .................................................
Hydrortuinone ............... .....................
Iren oxide fume............... .................
Lead .......................................................
Lead arsenate ......................................
Lindane (hexachloroeycioheKane,
gamma isomer) ...............................
Magnesium oxide fume .....................
Malathicn (0.0-dirr.e:hyl dithinphos-
phate of diethyl mercaptosuccinate)
Manganese ...........................................
Mercury ..................................................
Mercury (organic compounds) ...... Methoxyehlor (2,2-di-^-methoxy-
0.5
15 1 zs 2 15 0.2 0.15
0.5 15
15 6 ai o.oi
phenyl-l.l.i.l-trichloroethane) ........ Molybdenum
(soluble compounds) ....................... (insoluble compounds) ................... Nicotine ..................................................
)
15
ai
Parathion (O.O-dielhyl-O-^-nitrophenyl thiophotphate) .....................
Pentaeh.'oronaphthalene ...................... Per.tachlorophencl .............................. Phosphorus (yellow)............................ Phosphorus pentaeldoride................... Phoipr.orus pemasulfide....................... Picric add ............................................ Pyrethmm .......................................... . Rotcrone ............................................... Selenium compounds (as Se) ............
ai
05 05 01
1 1 0.1 2 5 01
per
Susstaxce
Sodium fluoroncet.-.tc (1C;0) ....... Sodium hydroxide .......................... Strychnine ......................... ............... Suliuric acid .................................... TEDP (tetraethyl dithiouopyro-
phosphatc) ................................ . TEPP (tetraethyl pyrophosphate) Tellurium ...................................... ... Tetryl (2,4.6-trinitrophenylmethyl-
r.itramine) ...................................... Thallium (soluble compounds) ... Thiram (tetramethvl tliiuram
disulfide) ........................................ Titanium dioxide............................. Trichloronaphthalcr.e ....................... Trinitrotoluene .............................. Uranium
(soluble compounds) ............... . (insoluble compounds) ............... Vanadium (V.O. dust) ................................. (V.O. fume) ............................ Warfarin (3-[a-acc:cnylfcemylj-4hydroxycoumnrin) ..................... Zinc oxide fumes ......................... . Zirconium compounds (as Zr) ...
Ch. M. S
0.1 2 0.15 1
02 0.05 0.1
1.3 0.1
5 15
5
0.05 025
0.5
0.1
0.5 15
5
Radioactivity: For oereiistible concentration* of radim itotcori in air. uc "Maximum Prmuinote Amount! of ^ RaCioiiotonva in Uve Human ilodv and Maximum Permit- * side Concentrations in Air ana Water." Handbook SC. U, S. Department of Commerer. .S'anonai 3urru of Suncarda. Mare.x, 1953. In addition, ice "Permuubie Doit trora External Sources of lonume Radiation." Hand-
boot: S9. U. S. Dertartmrnt of Commerce. National Bureau
of Standards. Seat 2a, 19S4. U. S. Department of Commerce Handbook 32 xa been
luocrireed by Handbook dd. "Staaimum Hermniibie Code Burcrnt and Maximum PermiMihle Concrntrauoni of Radionuclides in Air and in Water foe Qeruranon.il Expoturr." tubteuuenl to the (irrtemauoii of ttut tenon.
Hancbook S'). U. S. Department of Commerce. Iiaj been renter be addition of addendum, Anril IS. 19-5.
I Mi.ticrama of dual, fume, or mm per cubic meter of air.
Mineral Dusts
.
Substance
mppcp a
Aluminum oxide .'.................. . Asbestos .......................................... ... Dust (nuisance, no free silica) .. ...
Mica (Selow S7i free silica) .... ... Portland ccrr.cnt ............................ ... Talc .................................................. ...
s`
50 20 50 20
Substance
MPPCFI
Silica high (above 50To free SiO:) ......... medium (5 toSOTofree SiOi)............ low (below S9freeSiOi).....................
Silicon carbide ....................................... Soapstone (below 5% free SiOi) ...
5 20
50 50 20
| Millions of particles pee cubic foot of sir.
1i TENTATIVE VALUES
1 i \ Substance
Approx. Mg. PPM I per Cu. M.- Substance
Approx. Mg. PPM 5 per Cu. 31.-
t\i
Allyl glycidyt ether (AGE) ........................ ..
10
45
Butyl mercaptan ......... ... Chlorine dioxide ......
10
35 0.J
\
Boron triiUioride............ .. 1
3
Chloroncetnldchyde .... ...
1
3
r
n-Butyl glyeulyl ether
--
(RGc) ....................... ... SO .
270
Chlorobromomethane (ClBrCH,) ................
2,100
97/250
:!
% A. it. A. ARCHIVES OF INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
UnST.VNCE
Approx. Mg. PPM : per Cu. M.~
Diglycidyl ether (DCE) .. Dimethyl formamlde ........ 1,1-Diincthyl hydraiine ... Dipropylene-glycolmethyl-
ethcr ................................. Ethyl mercaptan ................
Furiuryl alcohol ................ Glycidol ............................... jec-Hexyl acetate ............
10 20
05
ICO 250
50 50 100
53 60
1
600 640 200 150 590
Isopropyl gtycidv! ether ^ I G ti>)
Lithium hydride ..............
50
240 25y/m`
Methyl mercaptan.............. 50
ICO
Pcrchloromethyl mercaptan
Phenvl glycidvl ell:cr (PGE) ..1......................
Phosphoric acid.................. (i-Propyl nitrate.................. l^J-Trichioroprop.ane.... Triorthocresyl phosphate . Yttrium & inorganic
compounds....................... Teflon decomposition
products ........................... Pentaborane (B:H.) ........
0.1 SO 25 SO
o.s
JiO 1
no
:co ai
.5
1 Parti o( rspor or cu per million pons of sir
nitimc.
Approiirrute milligrams per cubic merer of air.
* Until more data are forthcoming. it is important that atmospheric concentrations of these materials to wJiicu workers are exposal mutt be kept as near 0 u posubie.
William L. Ball
\V. Cla:k Cocrza
H. E. Stakinoes Ketth K. Jacosson
Huvty B. Elkins
W. H. Rexnhazt
Allan L. Coleman, Chairman
.
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