Document XOeMB1k2pqDEjpqm5E7mGYM0J
Monsanto
ATTORNEY W ORK PRODUCT ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE.
Monsanto Company 8 0 0 N. L m d b a r g h B o u l e v a r d St. Louis. M issouri 83186 P h o n a : (314) 6 9 4 - 1 0 0 0
February 24, 1984
Dr. Myron S. Weinberg Weinberg Consulting Group, Inc. Suite 301 2828 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20007
Dear Myron:
I have attached draft copies of Ms. Johnson's tables for her report on industrial/environmental accidents involving TCDD. There are three tables relating to industrial, laboratory, and environmental accidents. We will send the referenced articles when we complete the draft report.
Since Ms. Johnson is my only industrial hygienist, I have had to limit her assignment to process chronologies until we get them into draft form, at which time she will complete the report on accidents. I expect that she will be able to go back to work on this in mid to late March.
Sincerely,
Allan M. Ford, Ph.D.
/dkr Attachments
cc: Mr. R. J. Barnes - Townley & Updike Mr. T. M. Bistline/Mr. D. F. Snively - Monsanto Company Mr. C. M. Love, III - Bowles, McDavid, Graff & Love Dr. W. J. McCarville - Monsanto Company
-J
C23836
T---A--B--L--E-----3--; Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polych| lorinated Dibenz"o Dioxins , PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1944-present; reported in 1975-1976
LOCATION New Zealand
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Shrub control by spraying defoliants.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT 2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS i
4x10 ^ g/acre I
EXPOSURE ROUTE I
// PERSONS e :
if PERSONS A1
20 cases re
1945
Berlin/Germany
1949-1971
1950-present reported in 1975197?
Australia-Union Carbide of Australia Limited
Yarram,Victoria/ Australia
Frying of vegetables in a fat-like sub stance found in the bomb ruins.
Landfilling of wastes from production of 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,5-T
Shrub control by spraying defoliant.
as >
tu
Substance thought to have been hexachloronaphthalene
Dioxin contaminated 2,4,5-TCP and 2,4,5-T wastes.
2,4,5-T
16-30kg dioxin. N. A.
a. N. A- - not available
Ingestion
6 affected
NO INCIDENT OF E.XP0SUR REPORTED
--
4 cases re]
CDDb )
if PERSONS EXPOSED & PERSONS AFFECTED
20 cases reported
6 affected
SYMPTOMS
j
if ANIMALS EXPOSED
# ANIMALS AFFECTED
Alleged birth-defects and malformations (anencephaly; spina bifida). Study indicated that the number of cases reported were not significantly different from expected; no correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
____
Chloracne
1ATTORNEY W ORK PR -'l;f
ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRN|lf ' [
SYMPTOMS ____
REFERENCES 68,86
38
POSURE
U cases reported
Increase in perinatal death & birth defects.
Study indicated j the number of perinatal deaths are within normal frequency/ for the region; no | correlation found with spraying of 2,4,5-T.
i
Study conducted on animals in the area.
21 68 No increase in illness.
I
/ TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxi
DATE OF INCIDENT
1957-1960
LOCATION United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Chick Edema Disease. Adulteration of chicken feed with low cost fats to increase caloric value of feed.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
i
Fats pooled from many
N.A.
sources. Upon processing
they had to be heated....
residues of coiranercial-
chlorophenols were probably
converted to dioxin, the
chick edema factor.
EXPOSURE ROl Ingestion
1957-1972; reported in 1972
Sweden
Railway workers
2,4,5-T and 2,4-D
exposed to phenoxyacetic
acid herbicides and others
during use on the rail
roads .
N. A.
Dermal, pos inhalation
1962-1970
South Vietnam
Spraying of Agent Orange defoliant to control vegetation during war.
2,4,5-T and 2,4-D concontained 2,3,7,8-TCDD as contaminant
2xlQ8kg of 2,4,5- sprayed on 1.2x10 ha; contained 167kg TCDD.
Possible di tion, inha
I <*
M T O W S-C U NT P R W M
s (PCDDs
E,
// PERSONS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
if PERSONS AFFECTED
ANIMALS EXPOSED ANIMALS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES
None reported from None reported. consumption of chic ken.
Millions of chickens
Dyspnea, wobbly gait, stunting, subcutaneous edema, sudden death.
2,86
At necropsy revealed ascites; hydropericardium; hemorrhages; swollen, pale, irregular livers.
itLe
N. A.
Increase in mortality to certain cancers.
Study showed no increase in overall mortality or cancers due to 2,4,5-T use.
mul, inges- Many South Vietnamese Various maladies alledged
it;on
and American
due to "Orange" exposure
veterans exposed.
including: birth defects,
increased abortion rates,
skin disorders, CNS dis
orders , cancer, liver
disorder, etc.
Many exposed,
Various
2,11,21,30,68,76,86
NOTE: Many studies have been conducted on the populace of South Vietnam and American veterans. Many are conflicting in their findings and in general he validity of the conclusions reached from these epidemiologic studies maybe questionable.
V
Vi
<0
n n r n r c r r T i v r ORDER.
TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 23,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxin
DATE OF INCIDENT
1970
LOCATION
Visttrask, Lapland/ Sweden
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Forestry management by spraying of defoliants.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS 0.67kg/ha. 0.34kg/ha.
EXPOSURE ROUT Ingestion
1970-1976 1971
Sweden
Eastern Missouri/ United States: a. Horse arena A b. Horse arena B c. Horse arena C d. Horse arena D
and road
Forestry workers, farmers, 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D sawmill workers exposed to phenoxy acetic acids.
N.A.
Possible der inhalation
Horse arenas and roads sprayed with waste sludge containing distillate residues of hexachlorophene production to control dust.
Distillate residues of hexachlorophene production containing TCP and 2,3,7,8-TCDD (~12 lbs of TCDD total in waste residues hauled by R. Bliss)
306-356ppra TCDD in waste residue tank a. 3I-33ppm TCDD in soil of arena.
a. Possible inhalation,
/
02384 0
PCDDs)
II PERSONS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
II ANIMALS EXPOSED
SYMPTOMS
II PERSONS AFFECTED
2
Alleged congenital malformation of infants.
II ANIMALS AFFECTS
30 reindeer 10 reindeer
Death Abortion of fetus
Study indicated death due to starvation not exposure to 2,4,5-T or dioxin even though low level 2,4-D (^0.5ppm) and 2,4,5-T (S0.3ppm) found in liver and kidney samples. Feeding study using contaminated (25 ppm 2,4-D and 100 ppm 2,4,5-T) leaves fed to reindeer indicated no adverse health effects due to exposure.
, N .A.
Six fold increase in soft tissue cancer.
____
__
REFERENCES 86
68
SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER.
a. 5 total: gest io n . I-six yr. old girl
Possible chloracne, headaches, diarrhea, nose bleeds, painful mitr!dilation, blood in urine (hemorrhagic cystitis).
85 horses exposed, 61 became ill, 48 died,
1-10 yr. old girl
Possible chloracne, ab dominal pain., diarrhea, recurrent headaches.
Many mice, cats, dogs,
Emaciation, acne dermatitis, blood in urine, edema, con junctivitis, lameness, abortions, liver dis function, reduced spleen size, lymph nodes small & inactive, ascites, bowel hemorrhages.
2,6,11,12,18,39,68,76,86
Dermatitis, loss of hair, weight loss, death.
TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxit
DATE OF INCIDENT
1966
LOCATION Columbia
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Spraying of weed killers
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT 2,4,5-T .
CONTAMINANT LEVELS N. A.
EXPOSURE ROIC
1968 1969
Yusho/Japan United States
Contamination of rice bran PCBs and TCDFs oil with PCBs containing TCDFs. Oil incorporated into chicken feed. Oil used for home cook ing.
lppm TCDFs in the oil; average dose to humans was 2.1-3.0 ug TCDF/kg.
Chick Edema Disease. Adulteration of chic ken feed with low cost fats to increase caloric value of feeds.
Soapstock or by-product from refining crude vegetable oil contam inated with chlorophenols.
N. A.
Ingestion Ingestion
1969
Globe, Arizona/ Uni ted States
Forestry management by spraying of defoliants.
2,4,5-T; Siivex
54kg. 2,4,5-T and 1,670kg Silvex in the Kellner Canyon Russel Gulch Project. Contained approximately lppm TCDD.
CDDs)
if PERSONS EXPOSED # PERSONS AFFECTED
5
SYMPTOMS Chloracne
A n uri Jty w u RK p o n ua ArroR iFY a iFNt pptvh'f.
U ANIMALS EXPOSED
# ANIMALS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES 86
G 30 39
SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER*
2,500 exposed; 1,665 affected
None reported due to consumption of contaminated chickens. Not Given
Chloracne, eye discharge, edema of upper eyelids, asthenia, visual dis turbance, vomitting, diarrhea, jaundice, increase in chlolestorol & triglycerides, no birth defects.
2xl0^c|iickens 0.4x10 chickens
illness Cleath
38,76
None reported
Alleged illness
Studies showed no evidence of increased illness or reproductive effects due to spraying 2,4,5-T.
Many chickens
jJame as before;
dioxin shown to
accumulate in edible tis
sue of chicken.
______________________ 1___________________
Not Given
\lleged illness, and
jirth defects.
.
Studies showed no
evidence of increased
illness or reproductive
jffects due to spraying
2,4,5-T.
90 86
TABLE 3j^ Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8,-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins (Pen
DATE OF INCIDENT
LOCATION
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS ~
EXPOSURE ROUTE
1971 - Missouri continued
b. 0.22-.85 ppm TCDP in soils.
Possible derma , inhalation, investie
c. No data
d. 0.12ppm TCCD in arena soil. 0.61 ppm TCCD in road soil.
Possible dermal, ingestion.
) Dioxins (PCDDs)
JRE ROUTE
i
i? PERSONS EXPOSED
ff PERSONS AFFECTED
1-adult, male
SYMPTOMS
ANIMALS EXPOSED
// ANIMALS AFFECTED
Severe headaches, nausea
1-adult, female
Severe headaches, nausea, diarrhea
1-adult male, (both at arena A & C collecting soil samples)
Chloracne
ble derma!,
b. 2-three yr. old Chloracne
ation, ingestion. boys
25 horses exposed
c. None reported
37 horses exposed
ible dermal, stion.
>
d. None reported
70 chickens
!
ATIOKNl! WORK PRODUCT ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES
12 deaths; severe emacia~ tion, toxic hepatitis, gastric ulcers, splenic atrophy, skin lesions.
28,39,68
7 deaths, 30 illnesses; conjunctivitis, skin ulcers, anorexia, weight loss, alopecia.
39,68
Death
28,39,68
II
H
TT i
00 00 I
i
o ,1 t
I
a
TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2 ,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibenzo Dioxins (PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1972
1972-1977
LOCATION
France
Alsea, Oregon/ United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
Exposure to baby powder containing 6% hexachlorophene.
Forestry management by spraying of defoliant.
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT Hexachlorophene* 2,4,5-T
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
6% hexachlorophene in baby powder N. A.
EXPOSURE ROUTE
Possible derma 1, inhalation.
1
It PERSONS EXP( II PERSONS AFFI 145
41
13 cases repo
1975 1976
Canada
Varmland/ Sweden
Pentachlorophenol release into rivers: Overflowing of PCP dip tank for lumber treatment
PCP
Spraying of telephone poles.
Forestry management by spraying of defoliant.
PCP 2,4,5-T
Levels not known; PCP contains hexa , hepta, octa, chlorodibenzodioxins.
Ingestion Ingest ion
N. A.
-There are no published referrences that report positive analysis of dioxin in hexachloraphene, although it is believed to be there in concentrations <15ppb.
Not reported
i
raPTOMS
llnesses eaths
if ANIMALS EXPOSED if ANIMALS AFFECTED
Lleged increased ate of spontaneous bortion. tudy showed no emonstrated increase n abortions for the area nd no conclusive ividence linked to :,4,5-T.
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES 21,28 68
15 massive fjish kills )
5000 coho salmon l
Alleged increase in perinatal death and birth defects (spina bifida).
Study showed no such increase or correlation with 2,4j5-T use.
i' ' i
Death Death
15 15
68
l' TF
CC OO c<t
O
of LU Q C O W >
P U
BUl
oeuc
O
^ jTy p3 G LU c*a1 aa
CO
TARLE 3: Summary o f Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated nibenzo Dioxins (PCDDi
DATE OF INCIDENT
1976 1978 reported
1978 reported
1979 1979
LOCATION
N. A.
Sweden
Love Canal, N.Y./ United States
Sturgeon, Missouri/ States Montague, Michigan/ United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
-- exposure route
Exposure to detergent containing 3% hexachlorophene.
Hexachlorophene*
3% hexachlorophene in detergent.
Possible derma 1
Nurses working in hos pitals during pregnancy; use of hexachlorophene.
Hexachlorophene*
Other exposures not mentioned.
N. A.
Possible derma 1
Hazardous waste landfill violated resulting in chemical leaks. (Hooker Chemical Co. buried TCP, 2,4,5-T wastes ~200 tons between 1942-1952).
2,4,5-T; TCP; positive analysis for TCDD
Levels in water reported Possible derma 1,
for various areas.
ingestion, inhala-
Railway accident resulting "o-chlorophenol contam ~37ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
in chemical spill.
inated with <0.1% TCP,and
37ppb 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Possible dermal and i halation of coitamina dusts.
Hazardous waste dump site Waste residues. (Hooker Chemical Co.).
760ppb TCDD
*Thpre are no published references that report positive analysis of dioxin in hexachloraphene, although it is believed to to be there in concentrations <15ppb.
'/ PERSONS EXPOSED 'f PERSONS AFFECTED
SYMPTOMS
tf ANIMALS EXPOSED # ANIMALS AFFECTED
reported cases in children
Death
>5 children
11 malformations, 5 were
severe.
|
IOTE: Out of 68 children born to lothers, 1 malformation occured.
unjexposed
I
[any exposed, number N.A.
ffected not given;
63 families re
created .
affected one reported
1-chloracne; 1loth had low
lienvetlhseirofbl2o,o3cl7. ,8-TCDD
None reported
None reported
vnowry v/ork ppoouo
f (FhT " P i V U K f
SYMPTOMS
REFERENCES 21 21 21,68
None reported
21 68
I
TABLE 3: Summary of Incidents Resulting in Possible Environmental Contamination with 2,3,7,8-TCDD or other Polychlorinated Dibeozo Dioxins (PCDDs)
DATE OF INCIDENT
1979
LOCATION
Jacksonville, Arkansas/ United States
INCIDENT RESULTING IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION
SOURCE OF CONTAMINANT
Vertac Inc.-chemical dump site on plant premises containing 2,4,5-T re sidues contaminated with llOppm TCDD: leaking into rivers.
50 lbs TCDD buried on site.
CONTAMINANT LEVELS
EXPOSURE ROUTE
82ppt TCDD found in fish downstream of plant: water effluent 0.2-0.6ppb TCDD.
Other data are available.
1
// p e r s o n :
// p e r s o n :
Only rep plant pe indust ri
1981
Binghampton, N.Y./ United States
PCB transformer fire in an PCB;
office building.
2,3,7,8-TCDD
3-10ppm PCB; 3ppm 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soot
160 expo return t after cl
r *