Document XOdw4gNL2YaOkqKGZMR4J3kyw

WORKSHOP ON ASBESTOS: DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENTS METHODS July 18 -20, 1977 GENERAL INFORMATION .. WELCOME! . . INFORMATION The-people at the Information Desk looccaatteed infithe registration area will>r:^^%.- be.pleased to assist you. '. : . ' / *? ' TRANSPORTATION!* - -.,)..!.,r r 1 _r '! " . . y- ' .]*?!., . v!rfir. - -fifi--." . ... - vfi1... -. Monday, July-18 - Wednesday/July 20 Cfir;- . \ 'V'.V 'rl ' ..... 8:00 a.m. Early bus leaves Sheraton-Silver Spring for NBS '8:30 a.m.' Last buses leave Sheraton-Silver Spring for KBS Transportation will be provided from NBS to the hotels at the conclusion' of the. meeting on Monday and Tuesday... If you need transportation to ; . ; the hotels at the conclusion of the meeting on Wednesday, please complete a request form at the Ground Transportation Desk. -\ i, TRANSPORTATION TO AIRPORTS , Transportation'will.be provided from NBS,to;the area airports'at the;/;; conclusion of. the Symposium.- Reservations should be' made at -the' Ground : Transportation Oesk by completing a request?form and returning it by. 2:00 p.m. on Tuesday, July 19; Persons wishing to make use of .this service/-f;;// should bring their luggage to NBS on-Wednesday, and leave it in the.coatroom;-.! . fpr the day. ' ;-'v' r COMMUNICATIONS . .v :.-i. . Symposium Main Desk. The telephone numbers for contact.with the Symposium1 , -V. are (301) 921-3330 or 921-3340. " ' .- ' Messages?! There will be a message .Board.in'.the registration! desk 'afea'^^vAr^ Please check, this daily during the Symposium.'. Attendees wiliiiiot-b'e-xailed.-iv-.;^- ;out of the sessions to receive telephone calls except in emergencies. < ^ Telephones. In-house and pay phones! are located adjacent to the registration f`' -desks.;:f: > " v." : './v -ift . 4 , K, - | WFEE'fe- --;|lvV!iil ;'.. '-*i:-?ltv Coffee;and donuts will.be/erved.befpre-the;session each morning* Coffee|g|^|f': also will' betserved; during' mid-morning.and.irai'd-afternooh break's':! * fififir .fir - vv. Plaintiffs Exhibit- J|p- ,v ; :/ '. . ... ' ' !' ` s-uss-138 US V . .: : -rr. 1 . ' ASB 0004088 SCF-ALLF-06610 4 LUNCHEONS nip W*ll| Attendees' will. be served lunch each'day in|a':;special section of the NBS Cafeteria- Lunch tickets are in:;^the^bottom-pocket of your name badge. J\ i (Tickets, will, not be accepted ,in the .front-line of the cafeteria.). , t '-4 *I auditorium'-" . , ' .. 1.. ; :.. .. llvfjiieife?wi 1 l.|be? a ' coffee for1 guests' of^registrants, i n.,.the Board :Ron]pfJ <$ i;Sheratqn-Si 1 ver.,Springfromyi;9^ 10.:;3p^a|mMondayl, June' 13. A,fiQstess`| _ WiAiJvbefavailable ^;t;o - answer "questioriis^^p^ciyi de;;tourl st i nfomiati on ,`^and I^Ptieltf guests plan their visit in the area.'r'vf'' 7^ "r:.'!. i-W' v DBUfiFrrFrETT.. ' ' ' ...... ' ::?ir ; ' ' ' Tr f r i r- 4?f$' ?..'.... f :}:.%:T!ie'Symposium buffet will be held Monday evening, July 18 in the Maryland,. ^ '.i\ Ballroom of the Sheraton-Silver Spring?'! The Cash Bar will begin at approximately ''.if 7:15 p.m.;,followed, by dinner at.8:00 p.mlf Additional tickets may be pur-.l chasedcatulthe registration .desk.fvW^ivf/.. . .--.../ ~ " jc>" MISSCELLANEOIIS . '' . ' '":... -ry ' '' Tlie'.following services are located in the basement of the NBS Administra- _ -X^-tion Building!-'Please take the`elevator-from the Main Lobby. V; f" ^ -- 'Bank (Room A28) -- Hours: 9 aim. - 3 p.m. _v " M- %Y Beauty' and barber" shop' (Room C3I) v'. i |v^.Newspaper' and'sundry stand, (adjacent'to elevators) ' S 'L ` * ' > < y 1 ,/ 'S m iv'*'#;?: : ei;..twvsyy`J/r,v';., ffi? . ..... .c amss'm- IpilWiP ?9p /'I.:... IMIliitl 'fv-" : .?h. a:f, 1 ...... ' :f;. . .i&St'iS'-- jv, ;l ......,J...-,.........^, pi i ?> mwmm-'i - $i :;..... iv- .../Sj: f ASB 0004089 :;.:1 WORKSHOP ON ASBESTOS: DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT METHODS National Bureau of Standards Gaithersburg, Maryland July 18-20, 1977 . . . . Final Registration List Frederick R. Allen --N.-C. Aggregates Association P. 0. Box 30603 Raleigh, NC 27612 Francis M. Alpiser '. Environmental Protection Agency Region III Curtis Building, 6th & Walnut Philadelphia, PA 19106 William Anderl Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Division of Water Quality Roseville, MN 55113 Charles H. Anderson Athens ERL Environmental Protection Agency ' College Station Road Athens, GA 30601 Sandra Anderson Battelle, Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, OH 43201 Irvin Asher . Office of Science Food and Drug Administration 8800. Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20014 William H. Ashton Johnson & Johnson U.S. Rt. 202 Raritan, NJ 08869 . Steven Aust Bureau of Air Quality-------------- ------201 W. Preston Street O'Conor Building Baltimore, MD 21201 Russell W. Ayres Read, Smith, Shaw and McClay 747 Union Trust Building Pittsburgh, PA 15230 James H. Baird W, R. Grace & Company 7379 Route 32 Columbia, MD 21044 William G. Banfield National Cancer Institute 9000 Rockville Pike Building 10, Rm. 8B19 Bethesda, MD 20014 Walter Bank Mining Enforcement & Safety,- Admin. Denver Technical Support Center P. O. Box 25367; DFC Denver, CO 80225 Virgil J. Barczak Kerr-McGee Corporation Technical Center P. O. Box 25861 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Kenneth Barry BNA - Occupational Safety and Health Reporter 1231 - 25th St., NW Washington, DC 20037 ASB 0004090 Ian Bartky Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 D. R. Beaman Dow Chemical Company 574 Building Midland, MI 48640 William E. Bell ` Division of Resource Protection Montgomery County Department of Environmental Protection_______ 6110 Executive Boulevard, Room 340 Rockville, MD . 20852 ' Ed Berg EMSL Quality Assurance Branch Cincinnati, OH 45268 Roy Bernard MESA 309 Shadeswood Drive Birmingham, AL 35226 ' Ching-tsen Bien U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Admin. 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210 J. Bignon Universite Paris - Val de Marne Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal 40 Avenue de Verdun . 94010 Creteil FRANCE Eula Bingham ' ' Assistant Secretary of Labor U.S. Department of Labor Room S-2315 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210 Kyle Bishop Minnesota Department of Health 717 Deleware Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55440 ) 2 Rolland L. Blake U.S. Bureau of Mines Metallurgy Research Center Twin Cities, MN 55111 R. L. Bleifuss U.S. Steel Corporation Research Laboratory Coleraine, MN 55722 Hal Bohmer PPG Industries, Inc. P. O. Box 31 . Barberton, OH 44203 Krell Bosler Spartek Inc. 1375 Raff Road, SW Canton, OH 44711 Fred M. Bowers FMC Corp. P. O. Box 8 Princeton, NJ 08540 Kenneth W. Boyer HFF-147 Food & Drug Administration 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Joseph Breen Environmental Protection Agency Office of Toxic Substances 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 John.A. Breslin U.S. Bureau of Mines 2401 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20241 Philip D. Brick Pickands Mather & Company 811 Sellwood Building ' Duluth, MN 55803 ' Alan T. Broderick Inland Steel Mining Company 1701 North Ninth Avenue Virginia, MN 55792 ASB 0004091 Harlan Browning Alpha Portland Cement Company Alpha Building Easton, PA 18042 Morley Brownstein Consumer & Corporate Affairs Product Safety Branch Ottawa, Ontario K1A OC9 CANADA Leonard Bruckman Department of Environmental Protection Air Compliance_________________________ State Office Building 165 Capitol Avenue Hartford, CT 06115 Merle Bundy _` U.S. Steel Corporation 600 Grant St. ' Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Edmund M. Buras, Jr. Harris Research Laboratories Gillette Research Institute 1413 Research Boulevard Rockville, MD 20850 . M. Raymond Buyce N. Y. Geological Survey Education Building Annex Albany, NY 12186 Peter Buynok Naval Facilities Engineering Command Alexandria, VA 22332 Daniel Cacchione Portland Cement Association 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, IL 60076 William J. Campbell U. S. Bureau of Mines College Park Metallurgy Research Center College Park, MD 20740 3 Armand R. Casola Food & Drug Administration Bureau of Drugs 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 William A. Cawley Environmental Protection Agency Mail Code RD680 401 M Street, SW Washington, DC 20460 James H. Chapman Con6ad Research Corporation 121' North Hullaml Avenue--------------Pittsburgh, PA 15206 Eric J. Chatfield Ontario Research Foundation Sheridan Park Research Community Mississauga, Ontario L5K 1B3 CANADA Chia Ting Chen OSHA - U.S. Dept, of Labor Room 602 400 First Street, NW Washington, DC 20215 Lauren Choate Interpace Corporation Mountain View Drive Willsboro, NY 12996 K. S. Chopra Union Carbide 4625 Royal Avenue Niagara Falls, NY 14302 James M. Christie Vulcan Materials Company One Metroplex Drive Box 7497 Birmingham, AL 35223 . Frank H. Chung Sherwin-Williams Company 10909 Cottage Grove Avenue Chicago, IL 60628 ASB 0004092 David E. Clapp Texas A&M University Department of Industrial Engineering College Station, TX 77843 . Harold Clements EMSL Quality Assurance Branch Cincinnati, OH 45268 Robert A. Clifton U.S. Bureau of Mines --2401 E Street. NW Washington, DC 20241 _________ Jay Coffman Luck Quarriers, Inc. P. 0. Box 4682 ; Richmond, VA 23229 Stuart Cohen Environmental Protection Agency . Pesticides & Toxic Substances Enforcement : Mail Code EN-342 ' ; 401 M Street, SW. Washington, DC 20460 Richard R. Cole Harry T. Campbell Sons' Company 100 W. Pennsylvania Avenue Towson, MD 21204 ' Benjiman Collins North American Exploration, Inc. P. O. Box 7584 Charlottesville, VA 22906 Philip M. Cook U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Research Laboratory 6201 Congdon Blvd. Duluth, MN 55804 W. Clark Cooper - Equitable Environmental Health 2180 Milvia Street Berkeley, CA 94704 4 Joseph R. Copeland Interpace Corporation 260 Cherry Hill Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 . ' R. E.'Corcoran U.S. Bureau of Mines 2401 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20241 . ' James D. Cornell U.S. Gypsum Company ' 101 S. Wacker Drive 'Chicago, IL--60606------------------- ---------- Marcel Cossette Centre for Technology of the Environment University of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, P.Q. J1K 2R1 CANADA Edwin Cox . Commonwealth Labs, Inc. P. O. Box 8025 Richmond, VA 23223 Edward Crandall Maryland State Health Dept. Division of Employee Health Programs 201 W. Preston St. Baltimore, MD 21201 Bill Crowley Maryland Geological Survey Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD 21218 ' Alan Davidson . O. M. Scott Research Building Marysville, OH 43040 . Richard L. Davis Koppers Co., Inc. 1177 Pinewood Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15243 E. K. Davison National Sand and Gravel Association 900 Spring Street Silver Spring, MD 20910 ASB 0004093 Peter DeBruyn Office of the Director National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 John G. Delly McCrone Associates 2820 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60616 ' John M. Dement National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . Cincinnati, OH 45226 William P. Demery Special Experimental Programs U.S. Department of Labor OSHA, Rm. N-3603 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210 Phillip B. DeNee NIOSH-ALOSH 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 . Robert E. Denham Asarco, Inc. 120 Broadwav New York, NY 10005 Catherine Dentan Carborundum Corp. Res. and Dev. Division P. O. Box 1054 Niagara Falls, NY 14302 Lois Dicker . Occupational Safety & Health Admin. Division of Occupational Health Programming DOL Rm N3119 200 Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20210 . Robert H. Dickey MESA ' 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 5 Willard C. Dixon . U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Admin. 390 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84117 Ken Doolan U.S. Coast Guard 400 - 7th Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 . .. M. J. Doyle The Hanna Mining Company 100 Erieview Plaza _________________ _ Cleveland, OH 44114 Ronald G. Draftz . IIT Research Institute 10 West 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616 Guy F. Driver., Jr. P. O. Drawer 84 Winston-Salem, NC 27102 James R. Dunn Dunn Geoscience Corporation Mountain View Drive Averill Park, NY 12018 . Frank Echelberger . Hooker Chem. & Plastics ' P. O. Box 344 Niagara Falls, NY 14302 Richard D. Edsell U.S. Department of Labor OSHA, Rm. N-3657 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20230 William V. Eisenberg U.S. Food & Drug Administration Washington, DC 20234 ' Michael H. Eisner U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines College Park Metallurgy Research Cente College Park, MD 20740 ASB 0004094 6 Samuel Elkin Temple University 3307 N. Broad Street Philadelphia, PA .19116 .. William Ellis Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Service 203 East Baltimore Street Baltimore, MD 21202 . John T. Enwright NL Industries, Inc. P. 0. Box 700 Hightstown, NJ 08520 ' . : Edwin S. Erickson, Jr. Bethlehem Steel Company Homer Research Laboratories Bethlehem, PA 18016 John B. Ewell Food & Drug Administration Bureau of Biologies 8800 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20014, . . Lidia Farmer Gillette Research Institute 1413 Research Boulevard Rockville, MD 20850 William Fassuliotis GAF Corporation 1361 Alps Road Wayne, NJ 07470 Donald R. Ferry Charles Mathieu, Inc. 18-22 Bank Street P.O. Box A.M. Summit, NJ 07901 , R,. M. Fisher U.S. Steel Research Laboratory Monroeville, PA 15146 Jean J. Fitzpatrick Colorado School of Mines Research Institute . P. O. Box 112 Golden, CO 80401 . . Delbert Flowers U.S. Department of Labor Room N-3106 200 Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20210 A. McM. Foster Hollingsworth & Vose Company U2 Washington Street East Walpole, MA 02032 Douglas P. Fowler Stanford Research Institute 333 Ravenswood Avenue Menlo Park, CA 94025 James E. Fox Virginia Aggregates Assn. 2317 Westwood Avenue Richmond, VA 23230 Kenneth S. Freeman U.S. Gypsum Company 1000 East Northwest Highway Des Plaines, 1L 60016 Melvin H. Friedman Food & Drug Administration HFF 147 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Norman E. Fritsche Environmental Protection Agency . Annapolis Field Office Annapolis Science Center Annapolis, MD 21401 Robert M. Furlong W.W. Box 13527 Boxley Building Jefferson Street Roanoke, VA 24035 , Arthur E. Gass Office of Training and Education OSHA 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20101 ASB 0004095 Lois L. Gerchraan Stanford Research Institute International 333 Ravenswood Avenue . Menlo Park, CA 94025 John C. Gifford Asarco, Inc. Oak Tree Road & Park Avenue S. Plainfield, NJ 07080 . Gordon J. Gill Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company -505 S. -Flower Street-----------------------------32nd-Floor Los- Angeles, CA 90071 J. K. Gilmore Vermont Asbestos Group, Inc. P. O. Box 70 Hyde Park, VT . 05655 David M. Gioiello National Aeronautics & Space Admin. Goddard Space Flight Center Health Unit, Bldg. 5 Greenbelt, MD 20771 Samuel Goldberg MESA 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 David Goldheim Martin Marietta Corporation 1450 S. Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 Aurel Goodwin MESA . 4015 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, VA 22203 Cary Gravatt Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 David Gray Minnesota Department of Health 717 Deleware Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55440 Leven B. Gray ' Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771 Alice L. Greife NIOSH/ALOSH 944 Chestnut Ridge Road Morgantown, WV 26505 , Joseph R. Gross Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. 504 North 1st Street Virginia. MN 55792________ Paul Gross Industrial Health Foundation 5231 Centre Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15232 Richard Gruenbaum O. M. Scott Research Building Marysville, OH 43040 ' Fred I. Grunder Bethlehem Steel Corporation .Homer Research Laboratories Bethlehem, PA 18016 .. . Richard Gullickson International Minerals & Chemical Corp. 501 E. Lange Mundelein, IL 60060 Joe A. Gutierrez Vulcan Materials Company P. O. Box 4195 Winston-Salem,. NC 27105 Robert A. Haagensen ASARCO, Inc. Central Research Department 901 Oak Tree Road South Plainfield, NJ 07080 Janet C. Haartz ` NIOSH-MRB 4676 Colorado Pkwy. Cincinnati, OH 45226 ASB 0004096 C. Y. Haas Minerals & Chemicals Division . Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. Menlo Park Edison, NJ 08817 George Haecker Plastic Engineering Company Sheboygun, W1 53081 ' William Harris Martin Marietta Corporation __145Q.-S__Rolling Hoad_________________ Baltimore, MD 21227 Allan M. Harvey . R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. 30 Winfield Street Norwalk, CT 06855 Robert Hehir Consumer. Products Safety Commission Westwood Towers Building, Rm. 712 " 4501 Westbard Avenue Bethesda, MD 20207 James Heil Certain-Teed Corporation Pipe & Plastics Group P. O'. Box 860 . Valley Forge, PA 19482 Kurt F. Heinrich . Analytical Chemistry DivisionNational Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 ' Clarence A. Herbst, Sr. Resinoid Engineering Corporation 3445 Howard Street . Skokie, IL 60076 John Heter ; Interpace Corporation 2901 Los Feliz Blvd. Los Angeles, CA 90039 . John L. S. Hickey ^ Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Gavin Hildick-Smith Johnson & Johnson 501 George Street New Brunswick, NJ 08903 . William B. Hillegass O. M. Scott Research Building Marysville, OH 43040 J. A. Hodgeson Office of Air & Water Measurement National Bureau of Standards_______ Washington, DC 20234 John D. Hoffman Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 . Liselotte HoghhoLzer Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington, DC 20306 Pat Honchar Preventable Diseases Division Connecticut State Department of Health 79 Elm Street Hartford, CT 06115 . Earl G. Hoover National Crushed Stone Association 1415 Elliot Place, NW Washington, DC 20007 Emanuel Horowitz Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Arthur J. Huetteman Personal Products Company Van Liew Avenue Milltown, NJ 08850 ' Charles W. Huggins U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines College Park Metallurgy Research Ctr. College Park, MD 20740 ASB 0004097 uth Hughes 'estem Health Services Research 113 Varsity Estates Road 'algary, Alberta T3B 241 CANADA '.obert Huntington iartin Marietta Corporation 450 S. Rolling Road '.altimore, MD 21227 laniel W. Hurley fL Industries, Inc. `-0. Box 700----------------------------- lightstown, NJ 08520 . J. Y. Hwang IcGill University 775 University Street Montreal, Quebec JANADA . tobert Hylan IAF Corporation 361 Alps Road ' Vayne, NJ 07470 donald A. Jackson itate of Maryland department of Natural Resources Vater Resources Administration Tawes State Office Bldg. i80 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MB' 21401 Joseph C. Jackson \/C Pipe Producers Association 600 Wilson Boulevard Suite 1308 Arlington, VA 22209 larry E. Jaworski dSHA - Chicago Regional Office 190 South Dearborn S.t.-Rm. 3263 Chicago, IL 60604 ' dale Johnson IAF Corporation 361 Alps Road Vayne, NJ 07470 ' 9 Frank Johnson Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Washington, DC 20306 H. Bradley Johnson American Mining Congress 1100 Ring Building Washington, DC 20036 Patricia C. Johnson Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Ronald B. Johnson Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 David R. Jones . I. I. T. Research Institute 10 West 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616 ' Robert D. Joyce . Bethlehem Steel Corporation Martin Tower, B-252 ' Bethlehem, PA 18016 Elizabeth Kaegi Western Health.Services Research Ltd. 1213 Varsity Estates Rd., NW Calgary, Alberta T3B 2X5 CANADA Eila Kairinen Gillette Company Research Institute 1413 Research Blvd. Rockville, MD 20850 David A. Kandel ' Kaiser Steel Corporation P. 0. Box 217 Fontana, CA 92335 ' Mark D. Kaufman Sutherland, Asbill & Brennen 3100 First National Bank Tower Atlanta, GA 30303 . ASB 0004098 . Martin G. Kemplin Nicolet, Inc. Maple Street Ambler, PA 19002 . '. Charles B. Kenahan U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mine6 College Park Metallurgy Research Ctr. College Park, MD 20740 Robert J. Kilgour Armstrong Cork Company --Liberty and Charlotte Streets_________ Lancaster, PA 17604 " . William B. King Armstrong Cork Company Suite 205 1666 K Street, NW Washington, DC 20006 William H. Kirchhoff . Office of Air & Water Measurement National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Diana M. Kirkpatrick ' Consumer Product Safety Commission 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Owen H. Kittilstad CertainTeed Corporation P. O. Box 860 Valley Forge, PA 19482 Partricia B. Klinger Kennecott Research Center P. O. Box 11299 . 1515 Mineral Square Salt Lake City, UT 84147 . Carl E. Kollmar, Jr. . . J. M. Huber Corporation Route 4, Huber Macon, GA 31201 .. C. Kommineni Department of Health, Education, & Welfare mosh 1014 Broadway . Cincinnati, OH 45202 10 Paul Kotin Johns-ManviHe Corporation Ken-Caryl Ranch Denver, CO 80217 George J. Krafcisin Kemper/NATLSCO Long Grove, IL 60049 Sidney Krakauer Pall Biomedical Products Corporation 30 Sea Cliff Avenue Glen Cove, NY 11542_______________ James R. Kramer Department of Geology McMaster University Hamilton, Ontario L85 4MICANADA Jerry Krause Colorado School of Mines Research Institute P. O. Box 112 Golden, CO 80401 Stephen Krop Food and Drug Administration . Bureau of Drugs 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Edward Kuchar Olin Corporation .New Haven, CT 06527 Philip D. La Fleur Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 J. F. Lally U.S. Steel Research Laboratory Monroeville, PA- 15146 Jule K. Lamar Food and Drug Administration Bureau of Drugs 5600 Fishers Lane Room 18-B-31 Rockville, MD 20857 ' ' ASB 0004099 Helen W. Lang U.S. Bureau of Mines 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 , Arthur Langer Environmental Sciences Laboratory Mt. Sinai Hospital New Vork, NY 10029 William L. Lappenbusch Coordinator, Standards Development Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 Maxwell W. Layard National Cancer Institute Landow Building, Rm C318 Bethesda, MD 20014 . A. Philip Leber Battelle - Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, OH 43201 George Lee Applied Research Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Co. Route 202 Raritan, NJ 08869 R. J. Lee U.S. Steel Research Laboratory Monroeville, PA 15146 . Robert Lee Rogers Corporation Rogers, CT 06263. James Leineweber R&D Center Johns-Manville Corporation Denver, Colorado 80229 Robert S. Lemire Reserve Mining Company Silver Bay, MN 55614 ' 11 Jacques Lepoutre Eternit S.A. 2920 Kapelle-op*den-Bos BELGIUM Archie Liao Prince Georges County Health Dept. 10210 Greenbelt Road Seabrook, MD 20801 . Charles Lichtenwalner Bell Laboratories . Murray Hill, NJ 07974 - . Jeff Limoge Vermont Asbestos Group P. O. Box 70 Hyde Park, VT 05655 Burt Linck The Arundel Corporation 110 West Road Baltimore, MD 21204 C. M. Llewellyn, Jr. Lone Star Industries, Inc. P. O. Box 1-J 3011 Dock Street Richmond, VA 23201 Harold L. Lloyd Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. (ITT) Berkeley Springs, WV. 25411 Thomas Loch ... Clayton Environmental Consultants 25711 Southfield Southfield, MI 48075 Robert H. Locke W. R. Grace & Company 62 Whittemore Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 Ernest Lory Civil Engineering Laboratory CBC, Code L52 Port Hueneme, CA 93043 ASB 0004100 Howard R. Ludwig National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health Taft Laboratories .4676 Columbia Pkwy Cincinnati, OH 45226 Bernard S. Mac Cabe Carborundum Co. NAO-Water Management Division P. 0. Box 1054 Niagara Falls, NY 14302 --John Maciejczyie------ ------- ---------------- Rockwell International ' 600 Grant Street Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Joseph Mackey Analytical Chemistry. Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Joseph A. Macko, Jr. Army Environmental Hygiene Agency Aberdeen Proving Ground Edgewood, MD 21010 Lloyd A. Madsen Occupational Safety & Health Admin. Analytical Laboratory 390 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Ralph E.Magnuson, Jr. The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company 1460 Union Commerce Building Cleveland, OH 44115 S. E. Malovrh . The Hanna Mining Company 100 Erieview Plaza Cleveland, OH 44114 . Roland E. Manger Harry T. Campbell Sons' Company 100 W. Pennsylvania Ave. Towson, MD 21204 12 Gregg Manning Diamond Shamrock Corporation T. R. Evans Research Center P. O. Box 348 Painesville, OH 44077 Thomas. J. Manthey Pickands Mather & Company 1100 Superior Avenue . Cleveland, OH 44114 John Marsh Raybestos Manhatten Inc. . inn Oakview Drive______________________ Trumbull, CT 06611 Eugene Martin EDAX International, Inc. 157 Colique Avenue New Rochelle, NY 10801 Robert F. Martin . Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington,- DC 20234 John F. Martonik U. S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration 200 Constitution Avenue.,. NW Washington, DC 20210 . Brian Mason Mineral Sciences Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20560 Woodrow W. Massad Continental Oil Company Box 1267 Ponca, OK 74601 Darrell K. Mattheis . Occupational Safety and Health Agency Room N 3603 200 Constitution Avenue Washington, DC 20210 ASB 0004101 John Matwey Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 - Arthur McClaughian MESA 9 Mayfair Drive Slingerlands, NY 12159 Lottie McClendon Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards -Washington, TIC 20234 ___________ Ray McClure Division of Occupational Health U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Admin. 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, D.C 20210 Brian McCoy The Arundel Corporation 110 West Road Baltimore, MD 21204 . Ronald McCullen Travelers Insurance Co. 248 CP Lab 1 Tower Sq. Hartford, CT 06115 Philip P. McGrath Bureau of Biologies . Food and Drug Administration 8800 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20014 Douglas McLean Stauffer Chemical Co. Eastern Research Center Dobbs Ferry, NY 10522 James F. McVeigh American Can Company U.S. Highway 22 Union, NJ 07083 13 Carl W. Melton Battelle, Columbus Laboratories 505 King Avenue Columbus, OH 43201 Eric S. Mendelsohn Air Pollution & Noise Control Department of Environmental Protection of Montgomery County . . ' Room 340 6110 Executive Building Rockville, MD 20852 Oscar Menis "AnaiyticarCheffllstry Division---------------- National Bureau of Standards .. Washington, DC 20234 J. C. Meranger Environmental Health Center Health & Welfare Ottawa, Ontario K1A OL2 CANADA Dennis Michalski International Minerals & Chem. Corp IMC Plaza . Libertyville, IL 60048 A. P. Middleton Institute of Occupational Medicine Roxburgh Flace Edinburgh, EH8 9SU SCOTLAND W. J. Miles Industrial Mineral Ventures, Inc. 5920 McIntyre Street Golden, CO 80401 Roger .N. Miller Windsor Minerals, Inc. P. O. Box 680 Windsor, VT 05089 James R. Millette Environmental Protection Agency HERL . 26 West St. Clair Street Cincinnati, OH 45268 ASB 0004102 Robert J. Moolenaar Dow Chemical Company 1702 Building Midland, MI 48640 . John A. Moore ' National Insitute of Environmental Health Sciences . P. 0. Box 12233Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Sanders Moore ' > Olin Corporation' Y. 0. Box-248------------------------ ------- Charleston, TN 37311 Robert E. Morgan Virginia Division of Mines and Quarries 908 Branchwater Street. Fredericksburg, VA 22401 ' Bruce Morrissey Office of the Director National'Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 J. Fraser Morton Congoleum Corporation 2700 Emory Road Finksburg, MD 21048 Wolfgang Mueller Newmont Exploration Limited 44 Briar Ridge Road Danbury, CT 06810 Frederick A. Mumpton State University College Department of the Earth Sciences Brockport, NY 14420 . Ronald A. Munson Bureau of Mines 2401 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20241 . Jack C. Murchio School of Public Health University of California - Berkeley Earl Warren Hall Berkeley, CA 94720 14 Charles T. Myers U. S. Steel Corporation Room 6044 600 Grant Street Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Andrew J. Nawa Mining Enforcement & Safety Admin 4800 Forbes Avenue . Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Harry Naylor - Mnorp ft Mnng-pr__________ :___________ 140 Sherman Street Fairfield, CT 06430 Dale Newberry Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 . Marvin W. Nichols, Jr. MESA 130 North Arlington St. Salisbury, NC 28144 Miron Nichols MESA . 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 ' W. Nicholson Environmental Sciences Laboratory. Mt. Sinai Hospital New York, NY 10029 Clifford W. Niemi U.S. Steel Corporation Minnesota Ore Operations P. O. Box 417 Mountain Iron, MN 55768 Gordon L. Nord, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey 959 National Center Reston, VA 22092 ' Robert E. Norwood Pfizer, Inc. 640 N. 13th Street P. O. Box 548 Easton, PA 18042 ASB 0004103 1 Andrew F. Oberta A.F. Oberta Consulting Services 1200 Quince Orchard Boulevard Gaithersburg, MD 20760 . John O'Conner PPG Industries, Inc. 1 Gateway Center Pittsburgh, PA 10522 Trevor L. Ogden Health and Safety Executive -403-Edgware Road-------------------- --------London, NW2 6LN ENGLAND David McNeil Olds Read, Smith, Shaw & McClay 747 Union Trust Bldg. Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Lawrence W. Ortiz Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory P. O. Box 1663 Los Alamos, NM 87544 Donald G. Oss Hanna Mining Company 2125 Second Avenue, East Box 218 ' Hibbing, MN 55746 T. Dixon Oulton Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. Menlo Park Edison, NJ 08817 Lalita D. Palekar Northrop Services, Inc. P. O. Box 12313 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 Thomas Pang Industry of Environment Laboratory Services French Resource Road Islington, Rexdale, Ontario CANADA ` 15 Ed Parkison Martin Marietta Corporation 1450 S. Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 . C. J. Parmentier Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company 555 S. Flower Street 32nd Floor Los Angeles, CA 90071 PremyslV. Pekar Institute of Occupational and _ Environmental Health Suite 603, 3 Place Ville Matie Montreal, Quebec H3B 2E3 CANADA Edward T. Peters Arthur D. Little, Inc. 15 Acorn Park Cambridge, MA 02140 Daryl E. Peterson . Occupational Safety & Health Admin. Analytical Laboratory 390 Wakara Way Salt Lake City, UT 84108 Terry Philippi IITRI 10 West 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616 John A. Pickerell . Inhilation Toxicology Research Inst. Loveless Biomedical & Environmental Research Institute P. O. Box 5890 Albuquerque, NM 87116 Bob J. Pigg Asbestos Information Association 1835 K Street, NW, Suite 402 Washmgton, DC 20006 F. D. Pooley Johnson & Johnson 501 George Street New Brunswick, NJ 08903 ASB 0004104 Warren Porter Consumer Product Safety Comm. Fed. Bldg. 8, Rm 5844 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Gene Proctor National Aeronautics & Space Administration 600 Independence Avenue Code QG Washington, DC 20546 David Pytynia Nalco Chemical Company 6216 West 66th Place Chicago, IL 60638 Don Quilici Hanford Environmental Health Foundation P. O. Box 100 Richmond, WA 99352 Pamela P. Quinn U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 4th and M Streets, SW Waterside Mall Washington, DC 20460 ' Paul Radauskas City of Rockville 111 Maryland Avenue Rockville, MD 20850 ." Lewis Raymond MESA 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Curt W. Reimann Institute for Materials Research National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Harrison B. Rhodes Union Carbide Corporation Metals Division P. O. Box 579 4625 Royal Avenue . Niagara Falls, NY 14302 16 Richard W. Richards Pennsylvania Glass Sand Corp. SR 522, North Berkeley Springs, WV 25411 Roger Riley Interpace Corporation 3502 Breakwater Court Hayward', CA 94545 Courtney Riordan Environmental Protection Agency -RD"682 ------------------------------------401 M Street, NW Washington, DC 20460 Malcolm L. Roberts Trudeau Institute,-Inc. Box 59 Saranac Lake, NY 12983 . Fred J. Rogers Gypsum Association 1603 Orrington Avenue Evanston, IL 60201 F. Robert Rolle Johnson & Johnson 501 George Street New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Harry L. Rook . Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Richard H. Rosenberg Borg Warner Research Center Wolf & Algonquin Road Des Plaines, IL 60091 Joan R. Rosenblatt National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Malcolm Ross U.S. Geological Survey National Center 959 Reston, VA 22092 ASB 0004105 < Robert G. Rucker Congoleum Corporation 2700 Emory Road Finksburg, MD 21048 Clyde L. Russell Kerr-McGee Corporation P. 0. Box 25861 Oklahoma City, OK 73125 Clayton 0. Ruud Denver Research Institute University of Denver Denver, CO 80208 A. H. Samuel Reserve Mining Company Silver Bay, MN 55614 Joseph K. Samuels Republic Steel Corporation 6801 Brecksville Road Independence, OH 44131 David G. Sarvadi Sherwin-Williams Company 101 Prospect Avenue, NW Cleveland, OH 44115 James A. Saunders Bureau of Toxic Substance Info. Virginia Dept, of Health 109 Gov. Street Richmond, VA 23219 . Jim W. Scales J. M. Huber Corporation Route 4 Huber Macon, GA 31201 Mary Lee Schaefer Employers Insurance of Wausau 2000 Westwood Drive Wausau, WI 54401 John.P. Schelz Johnson & Johnson 501 George Street New Brunswick, NJ 08903 17 Wayne L. Schiffelbein U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission 111 - 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20207 Marvin Schneiderman National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Landow Building Rm. C403 Bethesda, MD 20014 ' ' Richard F. Scholl Fine-Particles Research Section----- IIT Research Institute 10 West 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616 George Schwartzman ' Food & Drug Administration Code HFD 402 ' 501 First Street, SE Washington, DC 20204 J. M. Shackelford Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street Mail Code RD680 Washington, DC 20460 ' Peter Shaffer Carborundum Company P. O. Box 1054 Niagara Falls, NY 14302 . Raymond Shapiro NIEHS P. O. Box 12233 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 George Sharpe Medical Office National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Lawrence E. Shirley U.S. Bureau of Mines Liaison Office P. O. Box 2828 Raleigh, NC 27602 ASB 0004106 George R. Simon : Health Effects Div. (RD 683) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M. Street, SW . Washington. DC 20460 . Jon Simplicio Allied Chemical Corporation : P. 0. Box 1057R Morristown, NJ 07960 S. B. Singer State Department of Health & Environmental Control Air Bureau 2600 Bull Street Columbia, SC 29201 ' Fred J. Sisson GSA - Accident & Fire Prevention Branch (3POA) 7th & D Streets, SW Room 7712 Washington, DC 20407 . Henry J. Smahlik Dresser Industries, Inc. Oilfield Products Group 601 Jefferson Houston, TX 77002 John A- Small Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 William E. Smith Health Research Institute Fairleigh Dickinson University Madison, NJ 07940 Vernon R. Snyder The General Crushed Stone Company P. O. Box 231 Easton, PA 18042 ' James A. Soles Canada Center for Mineral & Energy Technology (CANMET) 405 Rochester Street Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0G1 CANADA 18 Harold Stanley Pfizer, Inc. M.P.M. Division P. O. Box 548 Easton, PA 18042 Mearl F. Stanton National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Laboratory of Pathology Bethesda, MD 20014 David N. Staples Industrial Hygiene Section Office of Chief of Naval Operations Occupational Safety & Health Div. (OP-45) The Pentagon Washington, DC 20350 John T. Stasny Structure Probe, Inc. 535 East Gay Street West Chester, PA 19380 ' Eric B. Steel U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines College Park Metallurgy Research Center College Park; MD 20740 John Steelnack U.S. Department of Labor OSHA/Rm. N-3657 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210 Arland Stein 747 Union Trust Building Pittsburgh, PA 15230 Robert J. Stevenson Department of Geology & Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55414 Ian M. Stewart Walter C. McCrone Assoc., Inc. 2820 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, IL 60616 . ASB 0004107 19 R. L. Stoffer Standard Oil Research Center P. 0. Box 400 Mail Station B-3 Naperville, IL 60540 Dr. Sundaram Department of National Health Ottawa, Ontario CANADA . . Joseph A. Sutton 2401 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20241 L. W. Swent Homes take Mining Company 650 California Street 9th Floor San Francisco, CA 94108 . . Reginald Sykes Asbestos Research Council GBA Industrial P. O. Box 40 Rochdale, Lancaster OU2 7EQ ENGLAND . . . Nancy Tait ' Royal Commission on Distribution of Wealth & Income ' 38 Drapers Road Enfield, EN2 8LU ENGLAND . John K. Taylor . Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 Linda Lee Taylor Food and Drug Administration Bureau of Foods 200 C Street, SW Washington, DC 20204 Patricia Taylor General Motors Corporation G.M. Technical Center Rm. 3230 Administrative Labs. 12 Mile & Mound Road Warren, MI 48093 . John W. Thatcher MESA ' Denver Technical Support Center P. O. Box 25367 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 C. S. Thompson , R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. 30 Winfield Street Norwalk, CT 06855 . V Time Ttinmncnn . Consumer Product Safety Commission Rm. 700, 5401 Westbard Avenue Bethesda, MD 20207 George E. Thompson DHEW/PHS/FDA/BF Epidemiology Unit, HFF-108 200 C Street, SW ' Washington, DC 20204 Richard Thompson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Thomas Tom|> MESA ` '. 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 James G. Topper Rockville Crushed Stone, Inc. P. O. Box 407 . 13900 Piney Meeting House Road Rockville, MD 20850 Priestley Toulmin, III U.S. Geological Survey 959 National Center Reston, VA 22092 . Kenneth Trabert Environmental Protection Agency (WH550) 401 M Street Washington, DC 20460 ASB 0004108 Michael P. Trainor MESA 4800 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Emil J. Triglia Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corp. Menlo Park Edison, NJ 08817 L. C. .Turnock American' Iron Ore Association ' "BOmcM Avenue-----------------;------- 514 Bulkley Building Cleveland, OH 44115 ' Lansing Tuttle . Warren Brothers Co. 675 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02139 ' T. S. Twardowski . Department of Labor OSHA/Rm. N3657 200 Constitution Avenue . Washington, DC 20210 Steve Urman Federal Railroad Administration 2100 - 2nd Street, SW Washington, DC 20590 John T. Vandeberg ' DeSoto, Inc. . 1700 S. Mount Prospect Road Des Plaines, IL 60018 Peter G. Veeder Thorp, Reed & Armstrong 2900 Grant Building Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Dave K. Verraa Occupational Health & Safety Div. Government of Alberta 9820 - 106 Street Edmonton, Alberta, T5K 2J6 CANADA ' 20 Richard Viau Department of Consumer & Corporate Affairs . Standards Laboratory Building Runney's Pasture ' Ottawa, Ontario K1A OCO CANADA ' Robert L. Virta U.S-. Department of the Interior Bureau of Mines College Park Metallurgy Res. Ctr. College Park, MD 20740_________ Joseph Volk Gold Bond Building Products Div. National Gypsum. Company 1650 Military Road Buffalo, NY 14217 John B. Wade Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. 580 Walnut Street Cincinnati, OH 45202 Jack Wagman U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Philip Waitkus Plastic Engineering Company Sheboygun, WI 53081 Daman S. Walia IIT Research Institute 10 W 35th Street Chicago, IL 60616 John L. Warren Research Triangle Institute Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 William V. Warren Occupational Safety & Health Admin. Room N3660 200 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20210 ASB 0004109 I Janies R. Weber The Bendix Corporation Executive Offices, Bendix Center Southfield, MI 48076 Richard J, Wedlund Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Division of Air Quality 1935 W. Co. Road, B-2 Roseville, MN 55113 John M. Wehrung EMV Associates. Inc.__________________ 15825 Shady Grove Road Rockville, MD 20850 S. Weiss The Flintkote Company 365 West Passaic Street Rochelle Park, NJ 07062 John F.. Welch A/C Pipe Producers Association 1600 Wilson Boulevard Suite 1308 Arlington, VA 22209 John Wenniger Bureau of Biologies Food and Drug Administration 8800 Rockville Pike Bethesda, MD 20014 Lewis F.. Wheatley Virginia Division of Mines Drawer V Big Stone Gap, VA 24219 . Judith A. Whelan . Air Pollution & Noise Control Department of Environmental Protection of Montgomery County Room 340 . 6110 Executive Boulevard Rockville, MD 20852 Benjamin D. White Assistant Secretary for Health Department of Health and Mental Hygiene 201 West Preston Street Baltimore. MD 21201 21 Lowell D. White ASARCO Incorporated 3422 South 700 West Salt Lake City, UT 84119 James Whitney Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW ' Mail Code RD680 Washington, DC 20460 . Diane Whittier_________________ ' University of Pittsburgh G.S.P.H. 130 DeSoto Street Pittsburgh, PA 15261 John R. Whyte The Anaconda Company P. O. Box 27007 Tucson, AZ 85726 Peter C. Wight Environmental Quality Control Div. B-252MT ' Ind. Relations Department Bethlehem Steel Corporation Bethlehem, PA 18016 ' A. A. Winer Centre for Tech, of the Environment University, of Sherbrooke Sherbrooke, P.Q. J1K 2R1 CANADA Allen Winer Naval Ship Engineering Center Crystal City NC-2 (6101E) Washington, DC .20360 . . Steven Win2er ' Martin Marietta Corporation 1450 S. Rolling Road Baltimore, MD 21227 George J. Wolfe JEOL (USA), Inc. 101 Colonial Drive Irwin, PA 15642 ASB 0004110 Vladimir E. Wolkodoff Johns-Manville Corporation Research and Development Center Denver; CO 80217 Gilbert H. Wood Environmental Protection Agency OAQPS, ESED, ISB, SSS (MD-13) Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Sandra Worblewski ' --Kpmper/NATLSCO__________ _______ Long Grove, IL 60049 George W. Wright 460 S. Marion Parkway Denver,- CO 80209 Gale D. Wyer Consumer Product Safety Comm. Directorate for Eng. and Science 200 C Street, SW Room 5844 Washington, DC 20204 Ann G. Wylie Department of Geology University of Maryland H.J. Patterson Hall College Park, MD 20740 Julie C. Yang W. R. Grace & Company 62 Whittemore Avenue Cambridge, MA 02140 Brian Yawney Ontario Research Foundation Sheraton Park ' Mississauga, Ontario L5K 1B3 CANADA . J. E. Zatek Mine Safety Appliances 600 Penn Center Blvd. Pittsburgh, PA 15235 . Carolyn Zelek Ford Motor Company Rotundo Blvd., Building 5 Dearborn, MI 48121 22 F. H. Zimmerman National Gypsum Company 4100 First International Building Dalles, TX 75270 Tibor Zoltai Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN 55455 Richard M. Zomnir 2900 Grant Building Pittsburgh, PA 15219 Jack Zussman Department of Geology University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL ENGLAND ASB 0004111 Workshop on Asbestos: Definitions and Measurement Methods July 18-20,1977 Sponsored by: National Bureau of Standards U.S. Department of Commerce ' Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor ' WORKSHOP ON ASBESTOS: DEFINITIONS AND MEASUREMENT METHODS National Bureau of Standards . Gaithersburg, Md. ' July 18-20, 1977 , Sponsored by NBS and OSHA FINAL PROGRAM Abstract --Page-- Sunday, July 17, 1977 7:009:00 p.m. Registration and Informal Reception -Sheraton-Silver Spring Hotel Monday, July 18, 1977 . . 8:00 a.m. Buses leave from Hotel (Breakfast available in NBS cafeteria) . 8:30 a.m. Registration and Coffee . 9:15 a.m. Purpose and Procedures of Workshop Philip D. LaFleur, Chief Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards I. Mineralogies! Aspects: Chairman - Brian Mason, Smithsonian Institution . Washington,.D.C. . 9:30 a.m. . History of Asbestos-Related Mineraloqical Terminology Tibor Zoltai University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 10:05 a.m. Fibrous and Asbestiform Minerals ' J. R. Kramer . McMaster University Ontario, Canada 10:40 a.m. Coffee 1 ASB 0004045 ;. Abstract . Page 11:00 a.m. Minerals Commonly Occurrinq in the Earth's Crust that Might be Defined as Asbestos by Various P.equlatory Agencies ^ Malcolm Ross . U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virginia . . 11:35 a.m. X-ray Crystallographic Structure of Minerals Related to Asbestos n Jack Zussman University of Manchester Manchester, England .. 12:10 p.m. General Discussion.of Mineraloqical Definitions 1:00 p.m. Lunch . II. Relationship between Chemical and Physical Properties and Health Effects: Chairman - Marvin Schneiderman NCI, NIH Bethesda,.Maryland . 2:00 p.m. Epidemioloqical Evidence on Asbestos 12 I. Selikoff, W. Nicholson, and A. Langer Mt. Sinai Hospital New York, New.York . 2:35 p.m. Measurement of Asbestos Retention in Humans Related to Health Effects 13 & 14 . J. Bignon and P. Sebastien and Uni versite Paris. A. Gaudichet Centre Hospitalier Direction. Departementale Intercommunal des Affaires Sanitaires France et Sociales . . France 3:10 p.m. Review of Epidemioloqical Evidence of the ' Effect of Types of Asbestos and Fiber Dimensions on the Production of Diseases in Man 15 Clark Cooper Equitable Environmental Health, Inc. Berkeley, California 3:45 p.m. Coffee 2. ASB 0004046 Abstract Page 4:00 p.m. Pathophysiology in Relation to the Chemical . and Physical Properties of Fibers . 16 Paul Kotin Johns-Manville Corporation Denver, Colorado'' . 4:35 p.m. The Carcinogenicity of Fibrous Minerals 17 Hear! F. Stanton and Maxwell Layard .NCI., NIH-________ Bethesda, Maryland 5:10 p.m. General Discussion of Health Effects 6:00 p.m. Buses leave NBS for Hotel . 7:00 p.m. Workshop Buffet ' Tuesday, July 19, 1977 8:00 a.m. ' Buses leave from Hotel (Breakfast available in NBS cafeteria) . . 8:30 a.m. Buses leave from Hotel . ' 9:00 a.m. Coffee Relationship Between Chemical and Physical Properties and Health Effects (continued). . 9:15 a.m. Effects of Invested Asbestos ' 18 9:50 a.m. R.D, Pontefract Dept, of Health and Welfare Ottawa, Canada NIEHS-Oral Asbestos Studies 42 J.A. Moore and Dave Jones NIEHS IITRI Research Triangle Chicago, Illinois Park, North Carolina 3 ASB 0004047 Abstract Page 10:25 a.m. EPA Study of Biological Effects of Asbestos like Mineral Fibers 19 & 20 Lalita Palekar . and Northrop Services Inc. Research Triangle Park North Carolina David L. Coffin EPA Health Effects Research Lab. Research Triangle Park North Carolina 10:40 a.m. 11:00 a.m. ?ra 1 discussion, of Health Effects .. 1 -fJiow : III. Analytical Methods: Chairman - K. Heinrich, Analytical Chemistry Division National Bureau of Standards 12:00 p.m. Identification of Selected Silicate Minerals and Their Asbestiform Varieties 21 12:30 William Campbell Bureau of Mines ' . College Park, Maryland Electron Microscopy Methods 22 4 23 Clayton A. Ruud Denver Research Institute University of Denver Denver, Colorado . 1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. Lunch ' TEM Methods ' 24 Ian Stewart Walter.C. McCrone Associates, Inc. Chicago, Illinois 2:30 p.m. Mineral Fiber Identification Using the Analytical Transmission Electron Microscope .25 & 26 D.R. Beaman and H.J. Walker Dow Chemical Co. Midland, Michigan 4 ASB 0004048 3:00 p.m. 3:30 p.m. 3:50 p.m. 4:20 p.m. 4:50 p.m. 5:26 p.m. 5:50 p.m. 6:20 p.m. Identification of Asbestos by Polarized Light Microscopy John Delly Walter C. McCrone Associates, Inc. Chicago, Illinois Coffee Statistics and Interpretation of Analytical Results -James-Leineweber----------------- :--------------Johns-Hanville Corporation Denver, Colorado Selection and Characterization of Fibrous and Non-Fibrous Amphiboles for Analytical Methods Development Janet C.. Haartz and B.A. Lange . NI0SH Cincinnati, Ohio Ron G. Draftz R. Scholl IITRI .. Chicago, Illinois Asbestiform Minerals in Industrial Talc: Commercial Definitions Versus Industrial Hygiene Reality ' '' John M. Dement NI0SH-MRB Cincinnati, Ohio . The Detection and Identification of Asbestos and Asbestiform Minerals In Talc Harold D. Stanley and Robert E. Norwood Pfizer, Inc. Easton, Pennsylvania Kisidentification of Asbestos in Talc Jerome B. Krause and William H. Ashton Colorado School of Johnson & Johnson Mines New Jersey Research Institute Buses leave for Hotel Abstract Page 27 28 29 30 31 32 5 ASB 0004049 Abstract Page Wednesday, July 20, 1977 . 8:00 a.m. Buses leave from Hotel (Breakfast available in NBS cafeteria) 8:30 a.m. Buses leave from Hotel 9:00 a.m. Coffee Analytical Methods (continued) 9:30 a.m.' - Ambient Air Monitoring for Chrysotile in the II,S. 33 10:00 a.m. Richard Thompson EPA Research Triangle Park, N.C. The Environmental Protection Agency Interim Method for Determining Asbestos in Water 34 Charles H. Anderson EPA ' Athens, Georgia 10:30 a.m. 10:50 a.m. Coffee ' ASTM E-4 Report 35 K.S. Chopra . Union Carbide Niagara.Falls., New York 11:05 a.m. The Standard for Occupational Exposure to Asbestos being Considered by ASTM Committee . EJ4 ' . M. Cassette and A.A. Winer University of Sherbrooke Quebec, Canada . 36 11:20 a.m. , Important Considerations in the Identification and Counting of Mineral Fragments R.J. Lee, J.F. Lolly, and Robert M. Fisher U.S. Steel Research Lab. . Monroeville, PA 37 11:35 a.m. General Discussion, of Analytical Methods and Problems 6 ASB 0004050 Abstract Page 12:30 p.m. lunch IV. Regulatory Aspects: Chairman - John Martonik, . OSHA Washington, D.C. (Dl:30 D.m. MESA Regulations and Methods Aurel Goodwin . MESA. ______________ Arlinntnn.Virginia _________ :______ (3)2:00 p.m. OSHA Regulations and Methods Willard C. Dixon OSHA Salt Lake City, Utah ' (2:30 p.m. FDA Projects and Methods Irvin Asher, John Wenniger and Philip McGrath FDA Washington, D.C. (/) 3:00 p.m. CPSC Regulations and Methods . 38 39 40 43 Robert Hehir CPSC Washington, D.C. 3:30 p.m. . Coffee 3:50 p.m. Impact of Asbestos Regulations on the Mining Industry C.S. Thompson Vanderbilt Co. . East Norwalk, Connecticut . 41 .4:20 p.m. . 5:30 p.m. General Discussion of Regulations Buses leave NBS for Airports and Hotel ' 7 ASB 0004051 HISTORY OF ASBESTOS-RELATED MINERALOGICAL TERMINOLOGY Tibor Zoltai > University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 1 Asbestos pollution is a major health problem and its solution requires an extensive cooperation between several distinct scientific disciplines. A more effective interdisciplinary communication and more successful cooperation could be assured if we eliminate the current, implicative misinterpretations of the asbestos-related.mineralogical terminology. The erroneous use of terms like asbestos, asbestifom, fiber and fibrous is not only contrary to mineralogical traditions and definitions but also affects the effectiveness of our scientific lan guage to describe the structural characteristics of the various mineral particles considered and to understand their potentially harmful physicalchemical properties. The character of mineralogical concepts and the definitions of the asbestos-related mineralogical terms will be explained through their development in the history of scientific mineralogy. An attempt . will be made to demonstrate that the relevant mineralogical terms are unambiguous, inspite of the seemingly confusing and extensive list of "asbestos-mineral" names introduced throughout the various evo lutionary phases of mineralogy. The essential concepts and criteria associated with these terms will be summarized. 8 ASB 0004052 FIBROUS AND ASBESTIFORM MINERALS . J.R.. Kramer McMaster University Ontario, Canada , The terms asbestos, asbestiform, and fibrous are used in over lapping definitions on many occasions. Often it is impossible to differentiate between the terms at the electron microscopic level. Lack of differentiation'requires that a'iarye number of minerals common in-- the earth's crust be included in a group definition. In the attempt to further define this group of minerals, electron diffraction analysis is carried out on a "finger print" basis and elemental analysis is carried out. These two techniques in the general environmental case are often not sufficient enough to characterize the mineral species. And it is not clear what relationship can be demonstrated between the analyses and environmental effects once a characterization is made. Other factors relating to. surface details are suggested as being important in the study of fibrous minerals in context to environmental concern. Surface composition, surface charge and crystallographic modifications relative to mineral orientation are proposed as tools to define relationships of mineralogy to environmental effects. 9 ASB 0004053 MINERALS COMMONLY OCCURRING IN THE EARTH'S CRUST THAT MIGHT BE DEFINED AS ASBESTOS BY VARIOUS REGULATORY AGENCIES Malcolm Ross U.S. Geological Survey Reston, Virginia . ' . Chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite particles having length > 5|jni, diameter < 5 urn, and length- ..tp-width > 3, are presently defined by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration as "asbestos11 (U.S. Federal Register, October 9, 1975, p. 47652,47660). . These minerals form complex chemical series and a variety of crystal structures and commonly have such ambiguous names that the common non- fibrous amphiboles hornblende and cunmingtonite may be included within the definition. The drafting and/or application of asbestos regulations by those unappreciative of these complexities of rock-forming silicates may cause many igneous and metaroorphic rocks to be considered "asbestos bearing." 10 ASB 0004054 X-RAY CHRYSTAILOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF MINERALS RELATED TO ASBESTOS Jack Zussman University of Manchester England The crystal structures of the two main asbestos-forming minerals, the amphiboles and serpentines, are surprisingly very different. The amphiboles are "chain silicates" in which SiO^ tetrahedra are linked to form bands four tetrahedra wide and of very great length. These bands run parallel to the asbestos fiber axis and are linked laterally by cations, mainly Ca and Mg in tremolite; Na, Mg and Fe in crocidolite; Mg and Fe in amosite and anthophyllite. The tempting correlation of the chain unit of crystal structure with asbestiform nature is, however, too facile. Many amphiboles are not asbestiform, and as the serpentine minerals show, some asbestiform minerals do not have a chain structure. The serpentine minerals are "layered silicates" in which SiO^ . tetrahedra are linked to form thin sheets of great lateral extent. The tetrahedra all point in the same direction and their apical oxygens are part of an (O.OH)-Mg-(OH) sheet which is itself formed by Mg-(O.OH) octahedra. Thus the fundamental serpentine layer is polar and has atetrahedral and octahedral component. The mismatch in dimensions of these two components generally leads to curvature of the layers and in chrysotile asbestos the layers form either scrolls or concentric cy linders with very high length/breadth ratio and with length parallel to the fiber axis. Other forms of serpentine, however, with chemistry very similar to that of chrysotile do not exhibit asbestiform morphology. I ASB 0004055 11 EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE ON ASBESTOS I. Selikoff, W. Nicholson and A. Langer Mt. Sinai Hospital New York, New York Data on the human health effects from occupational and environ mental exposure to asbestos will be presented with special emphasis on the role.of.different asbestos minerals. Further, human tissue burdens of fibers and their association with asbestos related diseases will be discussed. Experimental animal data from various species and utilizing different routes of administration will also be presented, again with emphasis on differing fiber types. '. . 12 ASB 0004056 MEASUREMENT OF ASBESTOS RETENTION.IN HUMANS RELATED TO HEALTH EFFECTS J. Bignon Universite Paris-Val de Marne Institut de Recherche sur l'Environnement Centre Hospitalier Interconmunal 94010 Creteil, France and , P. Sebastien and A. Gaudichet Direction Departementale des Affaires Sanitaires et Sociales 75013 Paris, France The retention pattern of particulate pollutants in humans is related to four mechanisms: penetration into the body, deposition on the surface of epithelial cells, intra-tissular translocation andclearance. Knowledge of such retention patterns for people exposed to asbestos dusts could provide useful information concerning the role of these mechanisms and the pathogenicity of fibers. So, a biological monitoring program for asbestos has been carried out. This program, still in progress, involves measurement of asbestos burden in several kinds of biological samples ("in vivo" and "post mortem" samples) from people diversely exposed to asbestos dusts and affected by various asbestos-related diseases. So far, most of the samples studied were from the respiratory tract: sputum, broncho-alveolar washing fluid, lung parenchyma, lymph nodes, parietal pleura and pleural fluid. Asbestos burden in these samples has been assessed by light and electron microscopy. In each sample, asbestos fibers, identified as chrysotile or amphiboles, have been counted and measured (length and diameter). It has been assumed that asbestos fibers found in broncho-alveolar washing fluid were related to the deposited fraction of the inhaled aerosol whereas those found in sputum seemed more related to clearance of fibers from the lung. ASB 0004057 13 The search for asbestos bodies in sputum has been found to be a good means to detect past occupational exposure, whereas TEM size fibers were present in sputum of some cases environmentally exposed. The measurement program in tissue samples has been principally designed to compare asbestos burden in lung parenchyma, lymph nodes and parietal pleura. Concentration, type and size distribution of fibers encountered in such samples could be accurately assessed. . Detailed analytical data will be given in the final document. Re garding asbestos burden in respiratory tissues., the results can be summarized as follows: . -------- - Despite the fact-that-most of the-consumed asbestos-is-of--^-- chrysotile type, the burden of amphibole in lung parenchyma was . much more important in most cases. - Most of fibers retained in Tung tissues were less than 0.5 pm in diameter and shorter than 5 pm. . . - Differences in size distribution according to the type of tissue samples have been observed. - There was no evident correlation between fiber concentration in lung parenchyma and fiber concentration in parietal pleura. - While was found a mixture of amphibole and chrysotile fibers in lung parenchyma, it seemed that amphibole-type fibers moved preferentially towards mediastinal lymph nodes and chrysotile type fibers towards parietal pleura. The signification of these data, concerning the topographic variation in the fiber type and size, will be.discussed in relationship with adverse health effects, particularly cancerogenesis. . 14 ASB 0004058 REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF THE EFFECT OF TYPES OF ASBESTOS AND FIBER DIMENSIONS ON THE PRODUCTION OF DISEASES IN MAN W. Clark Cooper ' Equitable Environmental Health, Inc. Berkeley, California . There is epidemiologic evidence to indicate that all types of . commercial asbestos, i.e., chrysotile, crocidolite, amosite, tremolite, -and-anthophyl 11te, when inhaled, can cause pulmonary fibrosis and ' increase the risk of lung cancer.. All but anthophyllite have been associated with malignant mesothelial tumors. There is also strong evidence to support a decreasing gradient of pathogenicity as one proceeds from crocidolite to amosite to chrysotile, but this evidence does not clearly rule out the interrelated influence of fiber dimension, shape, and co-factors. Clear-cut epidemiologic evidence related to differing fiber dimen sions is scanty. Such information is critically needed. The most pressing need is to determine the pathogenicity of ultrafine fibers in the electron-microscope size range, particularly those shorter than 3 micrometers, whether inhaled or ingested. Methods for epidemiologic study will be suggested. . ASB 0004059 15 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBERS Paul Kotin, M.O. Johns-Manville Corporation Denver, Colorado The array of asbestos-related diseases are reviewed in relation to their pathogenesis, pathology, and natural history. Biological avail ability following host entry is especially critical for the biological effect of asbestos. Experimental data consistently demonstrate that hazard is related to the geometry of fibers, with fiber diameter and fiber length being primary determinants. Controversy exists as to the extent of influence of the two major.classes of asbestos fiber: chrysotile and amphibole. Considerations affecting the anatomic and metabolic fate of asbestos fibers are also discussed. 16 ASB 0004060 THE CARCINOGENICITY OF FIBROUS MINERALS MearV F. Stanton and Maxwell Layard National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland . The carcinogenicities of 37 different dimensional distributions of seven different durable fibrous materials have been correlated with -fiiififc-dinipn.slnn. Optimum carcinogenicity is attained with fibers that measure <0.25 pm x > 8 pm. Morphologic studies suggest that fibers in this dimensional range lie free in interstitial tissues, while fibers of smaller dimension are readily phagocytosed and fibers of larger dimension are sequestered by adherent phagocytes and fused phagocytic giant cells. Fibers that are fine and long may be more carcinogenic than others, simply because they are uncompromised by phagocytic activity. 17 ASB 0004061 EFFECTS OF INJESTED ASBESTOS R. D. Pontefract Department of Health and Welfare Ottawa, Canada . There is relatively little information in the literature concerning the effects of injested asbestos. A summary of the work accomplished will be presented with comments on what effects the objectives of the various workers had on their findings. Comments will also be made on . some approaches that might be tried to help yield results that can perhaps clarify some of the many problems that yet exist with this . difficult subject. 18 ASB 0004062 EPA STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ASBESTOS-LIKE MINERAL FIBERS Laiita Palekar Northrop Services,Inc. . Research Triangle Park, North Carolina . and ... David L. Coffin . EPA Health Effects Research Laboratory ______________ Research Triangle Park, Nnrth-Cacnllna---------------------------- A large amount of the earth's crust is composed of rock containing mineral fibers which resemble asbestos to varying degrees in their physical and chemical properties. Consequently, such materials are likely to be encountered inadvertently during the extraction of various ores, the extraction of rock for commercial purposes, and even from rock moving operations encountered during highway construction, and the like. Because the air and water may become contaminated by these fibers, it is of interest from the standpoint of environmental protection to know how the biological effect of such materials compares with that of asbestos. Consequently, a study has been instituted by EPA to investigate the relative biological potency of such materials. The project is. being approached on both in vivo and in vitro levels. The material being studied at the outset are fibrous amphiboles from a taconite mine, but it is the intent to broaden these studies as soon as possible. The animal studies are being conducted in pathogen free rats by intra tracheal instillation (with and without interacting organic carcinogens) and by intra-plural injections. The end points are tumor induction and other chronic diseases. Attention is also being given to early pathogenic sequences. The in vitro studies consist of red cell lyses of pulmonary macro phage systems and various biological and chemical studies connected with the influence of these agents on cell membranes and interaction with ASB 0004063 .19 mutagens and carcinogens. The prime objective is to compare the biological effect of the minerals studied to the corresponding asbestos species to determine the comparative influence of such co-variables as fiber length, trace element content, surface area, zeta potential, and . the like, on the biological outcome. Thus the study will relate biological activity to mineralogical characterization so that generali zation can be made on the basis of such factors. 20 ASB 0004064 IDENTIFICATION OF SELECTED SILICATE MINERALS AND THEIR ASBESTIFORM VARIETIES William Campbell . Bureau of Mines ' ' . College Park, Maryland The asbestiform particulate problem, with its environmental and health Implications, has been compounded by the lack of precision with which the term "asbestos" has.been used. In many instances, nonasbestiform mineral particles have been identified as microscopic fibers of asbestos-related minerals. This lack of precision in identifying these particulates not only works to the disadvantage of the minerals industry, but is also a handicap to rational science-based decision making by regulatory agencies. This report summarizes methods and terminology suggested by the Bureau of Mines for the identification and characterization of asbesti form minerals and also sharpens the distinction between common serpentine, and amphibole minerals and their relatively rare asbestiform varieties. The continuing effort of the Bureau's Particulate Mineralogy Unit is to characterize mineral particulates by morphological, compositional, and structural data using various instrumental analytical techniques and by developing new methods for identification and characterization. ASB 0004065 21 ELECTRON MICROSCOPY METHODS Clayton 0. Ruud . Denver Research Institute University of Denver Denver, Colorado . According to a recent National Academy of Sciences Report, . animal deposition model studies- have shown the fiber size has some effect upon the toxicity of mineral fiber fragments, the long thin ones appearing to be most active. However, the extrapolation of . these results to the relative carcinogenicity in humans must be tempered by the consideration that an experimental animal model has not been established: Moreover, the- size.range-to'be-conrrdeml------ long thin fiber fragments is not clear, that is to say the shortest length may be on the order of one micron or ten microns. For this and other reasons most scientists in the field consider that it is necessary to obtain length and width data, as well as concentration and species of mineral fibers fragments in the environment. Due to these considerations, microscopy methods are necessary for mineral fiber fragment analysis, and because of the small size of the particles, electron microscopy is necessary. This paper will describe the methods and techniques of electron microscopy which i are most generally applied. These are the transmission electron microscope-selected area electron diffraction (TEM-SAED) and the scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques will be discussed including their relative proficiency in detecting sub-micron fiber fragments. Their ability to identify the species of mineral, sample preparation techniques, statistical considerations and the time required for analysis will also be reviewed. The application of various techniques and methods based upon the TEM-SAED or SEM-EDX systems will be discussed including situations where one or the other is the optimum method. The advantages of combined systems, scanning transmission electron microscopy with SAED and EDX, will be discussed. Also new approaches of combination and 22 ASB 0004066 computer controlled methods using both TEM and SEH will be described. In conclusion, the state of the art will be discussed in terms of general considerations necessary for the selection of an electron microscopy technique for mineral fiber fragment analysis. 23 ASB 0004067 . TEM METHODS ' Ian Stewart Walter C. McCrone Associates, Inc. Chicago, Illinois . . The necessary requirements for the TEM identification and quanti fication of asbestos will be reviewed. Techniques currently in use will be described, and their relative merits discussed. 24 ASB 0004068 MINERAL FIBER IDENTIFICATION USING THE ANALYTICAL TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPE D.R. Beaman and H.J. Walker The Dow Chemical Company Midland, Michigan ' ' ' In a transmission electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), it is possible to obtain the high resol ution morphology, crystal structure, and elemental composition of sub micron mineral fibers, particulate, and thin films. The reliability of__ fiber analysis is enhanced when fiber identification is based on the nearly simultaneous determination of these three characteristics because each of the individual modes can yield ambiguous information. Energy dispersive spectrometer data can be converted to elemental fiber com positions using known standard spectra or relative sensitivity factr, s which can be calculated or experimentally determined for a given instru mental configuration. Calculated and experimental sensitivity factors are found to agree within 15% for photon energies above 1.5 keV. The relative error in composition calculated from EDS spectra will generally be better than 10%, but only if the TEM column and components have been properly modified to reduce the effects of extraneous x-ray generation and electron scattering. The sources of these problems are described and a procedure for minimizing the effects outlined. Proper aperturing, collilnation, selection of materials of construction, and operating conditions can provide useful mineral spectra. It is often necessary to correct for x-ray absorption even in fine mineral fibers, and this may be done using reference standards or sensitivity factors corrected for absorption. The effect of absorption increases rapidly as the difference between the mass-absorption coefficients of the elemental constituents by the mineral increases. Carbon contamination which degrades both EDS spectra and electron diffraction patterns can be minimized by using low current density and short analysis times. 25 ASB 0004069 Less than 15% of the chrysotile fibrils in a standard provided positive selected area electron diffraction patterns (SAED), but up to 50? did have the correct layer line spacing. The fraction of fibers providing good diffraction increases rapidly as the number of fibrils in a fiber increases. The reported differences in SAED quality arise primarily because investigators use differing criterion for defining a positive SAED pattern and the fiber size distribution examined varies. Sample preparation methods were reviewed and it was found that condensation washing is only reliable if loss corrections are applied, particularly in the case of amphibole fibers. In spite of the many problems, inter-laboratory and multiple sample reproducibility in the measurement of fiber concentrations can be 30% when using good procedure. 26 . ASB 0004070 IDENTIFICATION OF ASBESTOS BY POLARIZED LIGHT MICROSCOPY John Delly Walter C. McCrone Associates, Inc. Chicago, Illinois A number of analytical tools can be used to characterize and . identify asbestos:--infrared absorption, x=ray -drffraction, -DTftr-SEft;-- TEM, and the light microscope. Each has advantages and limitations. The polarized light microscope (PLM) has many advantages, and the only disadvantages are: 1) the asbestos particles must be at least a micrometer in largest dimension, and 2) considerable training in optical crystallography is needed. PLM, on the other hand is very sensitive (ppm range), extremely rapid (1-5 minutes to Identify all components of most samples) and, of all the methods, only PLM will identify the individual amphiboies. 27 ASB 0004071 STATISTICS AND INTERPRETATION OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS Janies Leineweber Johns Manville Corporation Denver, Colorado The analysis of asbestos fibers by electron microscope methods involves many operations each of which can have an effect on the final results. The potential errors in each of the steps as well as the influence of normal statistical fluctuations is discussed. Recomnenda- tions are made on how the controllable errors can be minimized and for a uniform reporting format. ' 28 ASB 0004072 t SELECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FIBROUS AND NON-FIBROUS AMPHIBOLES FOR ANALYTICAL METHODS DEVELOPMENT J.C. Haartz and B.A. Lange National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio " . ' and R.G. Draftz and R. Scholl _____________________ IIT-Research Institute______________________ _ ' Chicago, Illinois More than 50 mineral specimens of fibrous and non-fibrous amphibole species, including specimens of actinolite, tremolite, grunerite, and cummingtonite were collected and characterized to determine their suit ability for use as reference materials in the development of analytical methods. These methods will be used for the detection and measurement of hazardous materials which are found as workplace contaminants. While the existing sample of each mineral is quite limited, the source of each of the specimens and the appropriate methods of sample preparation have been carefully documented should additional quantities be desired. These specimens have been characterized using light microscopy, Xray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (DTA). Some of these specimens have been purified by appropriate physical or chemical techniques and then ground to provide a material with a mass median particle size of less than 10 urn diameter. The effects of characterization studies of the minerals, including a comparison of the properties determined for each of the specimens, will be presented. Differences in physical properties, as determined by DTA and XRD, of the fibrous and non-fibrous specimens are indicated by the data obtained. ASB 0004073 29 ASBESTIFORM MINERALS IN INDUSTRIAL TALCS: COMMERCIAL DEFINITIONS VERSUS INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE REALITY John M. Dement National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . Cincinnati, Ohio . . As part of its industry-wide study, of the talc industry, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has conducted detailed industrial hygiene studies of mine and mill operations processing talcs contaminated with asbestiform minerals. The principal analytical method used for studies of ashestifnrm min--- erals in talc bulk samples and airborne dust samples is analytical transmission electron microscopy utilizing selected area electron diffraction.and microchemical analysis for fiber identification. This presentation includes a discussion of the methods of analysis being used by NIOSH and comparisons of results of analysis with other analytical techniques. Also included are results of NIOSH industrial hygiene studies in asbestiform talc operations and Comparisons of airborne fiber characteristics (fiber length, diameter, aspect ratios, etc.) in these operations with other industrial processes using asbestos fibers. 30 ASB 0004074 THE DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ASBESTOS AND ASBESTIFORM MINERALS IN TALC ' Harold D. Stanley and Robert E. Norwood Pfizer Inc. Easton, Pennsylvania . Concern with the health hazards associated with the presence of chrysotile asbestos and/or the asbestiform minerals in talc has prompted widespread investigation of methods of analysis which would, "be consistent with good analytical "practices-;--Of-aVl the currentlyavailable techniques examined and evaluated, the two most reliable have been found by.us to be Step Scanning X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy, (TEM), with Selected Area Electron Diffraction, (SAED). The Step Scanning X-ray Diffraction technique allows quantitative detection and identification of tremolite and the asbestiform) minerals down to O.U by weight. In the absence of chlorite it can detect and quantitatively determine chrysotile asbestos at the 0.53S level. Chlorite, however, is often associated with talc ore bodies. When present, chlorite will mask most of the main X-ray diffraction peaks of chrysotile. Additionally, the X-ray diffraction technique cannot distinguish between fibrous and non-fibrous forms of the asbestiform minerals. TEM is ideally suited to determinations of this type because of its high resolution and magnification capabilities, the.morphological nature of the problem and the mineralogical identification capability through SAED. 31 ASB 0004075 MISIDENTIFICATION OF ASBESTOS IN TALC Jerome B. Krause Colorado School of Mines Research Institute and . William H. Ashton Johnson & Johnson New Jersey Both optical microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are widely used to detect minerals associated with talc. Optical microscopy can determine the morphology of a particle, but cannot always fully identify the specific mineral. Although XRD is an excellent screening technique for the detection of minerals associated with talc, the method can misidentify minerals due to interferences, interpretive errors, and.the inability to determine morphology. Methods for reduction or elimination of these problems include special techniques of sample preparation and x-ray diffraction, combined with microscopic examination (both optical and electron). 32 ASB 0004076 AMBIENT AIR MONITORING FOR CHRYSOTILE IN THE U. S. Richard Thompson . . Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park, N.C. The only continuing national air monitoring has been conducted by the National Air Surveillance Network. The objective is long-term trend assessment of air quality. The information has proven of value in setting-standsrdr, irrrorrciteration of health effects, In estimation of economic effects and in showing patterns of pollutant distribution in both urban and non-urban areas. In order to provide samples which could be analyzed for constituents not determinable in particulate matter samples collected with glass fiber filters, a membrane sampling network was instituted. The only analyses of the samples conducted thus far has been for airborne asbestos using in part a method developed under contract which provides for the determination of mass of chrysotile in the particulate samples. A viewpoint will be presented on the method needed for air monitoring and an assessment of the mass method as the most suitable for this purpose. Data obtained will be examined which will include information on inter- and intra-laboratory replication. 33 ASB 0004077 THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY INTERIM METHOD FOR DETERMINING ASBESTOS IN WATER Charles H. Anderson Environmental Protection Agency Athens, Georgia . The discovery of asbestos and asbestiform minerals in water supplies and drinking water has resulted in the requirement for a reliable analytical method. In order to meet this requirement, an interim method, based upon the state-of-the-art in asbestos analytical methodology, has been issued. In this paper, the . broad elements of the method are set forth and discussed. 34 ASB 0004078 ASTK E-4 REPORT K.S. Chopra . Union Carbide Corporation ' Niagara Falls, New York ASTM Committee E-4 has been experimentally evaluating high . magnification microscopic techniques being used for the analysis of fiber contamination in water. This paper will describe the 35 ASB 0004079 THE STANDARD FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO SBESTOS BEING CONSIDERED BY ASTM COMMITTEE E-34 M. Cassette and A.A. Winer University of Sherbrooke Quebec, Canada This presentation reviews the consensus reached by the Task Group on Naturally Occurring Inorganic Fibers of ASTM Committee E-34. Sig nificant differences with the OSHA regulation are pointed out on the following topics: Definitions, exposure limits, record keeping, monitor ing, and the counting method. The reasons for these differences are outlined and a rationale in support of a dual standard is presented. This Task Group document is now under study according to official ASTM procedures. 36 ASB 0004080 IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE IDENTIFICATION AND COUNTING OF MINERAL FRAGMENTS R.J. Lee, J.S. Lolly and R.M. Fisher U.S. Steel Research Lab. Monroeville, Pennsylvania Positive identification of some micron diameter mineral fragments, and especially of amphiboles, required both chemical and crystallographic analysis of the unknown particle. At present only electron optical to ensure that: 1 - the x-ray spectra and diffraction patterns pertain only to the particle in question (i.e., spatial resolution limitations must be recognized); 2 - x-ray data are compared with well characterized referenced standards; 3 - overlapping chemical composition and/or similar crystal structures of mineral series are recognized; 4 - crystal fragment is tilted into a zone-axis orientation before recording the electron diffraction pattern; 5 - appropriate statistical criteria are used to evaluate the significance of the results on individual or groups of samples. These problems and the analytical procedures used to minimize them will be described. '' 37 ASB 0004081  MESA-REGULATIONS AND METHODS Aurel Goodwin . MESA Arlington, Virginia " MESA regulations for exposure to asbestos require that no employee be exposed to airborne concentrations greater than 5 fibers/ml (soon to be reduced to 2 fibers/ml) greater than 5 micrometers in length on a time-weighted average basis. We are proceeding with public meetings to obtain necessary data to reduce this permissible exposure even further. We'use the membrane filter method for sampling and phase contrast microscopy for counting. Our regulations specify that the term asbestos refers to chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos. In order to analyze for specific minerals we have contracted with Dr. Ruud at the University of Denver. 38 ASB 0004082 OSHA REGULATIONS AND METHODS Willard C. Dixon OSHA Salt Lake'City, Utah OSHA uses the membrane filter method at 400 - 450x magnification (4mm objective) with phase contrast illumination for the analysis of asbestos in air. This method is substantially the same as is used by NIOSH. . In an atmosphere known to contain asbestos, all particulates with a length to diameter ratio of 3:1 or greater and a length greater than 5 micrometers are, in the absence of other information, considered to be asbestos fibers and counted as such. The equipment for optical analysis of asbestos in use at the OSHA Salt Lake City Laboratory includes Zeiss microscopes having 40x objec tives and lOx eyepieces, rotating stages, phase contrast illumination, polarized light, and retardation plates. The transmission electron microscope equipment in use by OSHA at the Salt Lake Laboratory is a Jeol model JEM 100C with a side entry goniometer and AS1D-45 Model EM-15 SPS-2 scanning image display unit. We also have an Ortec-Delphi x-ray energy dispersive system. X-ray diffraction, atomic absorption and other instrumentation ' are also available. The techniques used for the identification of asbestos include sight recognition based on morphology, and optical tests including polarized light, index of refraction, angle of extinction, dispersion staining, and retardation. Electron microscopy tests include morphology, selected area diffraction and a determination of elemental composition by x-ray energy dispersive analysis. A plan is presented for distinguishing between asbestos and other fibers which may be mistaken for asbestos. A system for differentiating between the various kinds of asbestos fibers is also presented. 39 ASB 0004083 . FDA PROJECTS AND METHODS Irvin Asher, John Wennlger, and Philip McGrath Food and Drug Administration Washington, D.C. . An overview of FDA projects related to asbestos detection and ' quantitation is presented. The results of a recent FDA symposium on the availability of suitable techniques are included. We then review the technical and regulatory issues in the food and cosmetics area with regard to asbestos contamination with emphasis on the analysis of perenteral drugs and cosmetic talc. For the present, SEM using . Nucleapore filters as a substrate and EDXA for chemical analysis appears to be a reasonable, cost effective method for routine detection of asbestos in foods, drugs and biologicals, although quantitation and reduction in the number of ambiguous fibers is still a problem. 40 ASB 0004084 IMPACT OF ASBESTOS REGULATIONS ON THE MINING INDUSTRY C.S. Thompson Vanderbilt Company East Norwalk, Connecticut No one in the mining industry objects to proper regulation of toxic substances. No one in the mining industry has any objection to the reasonable control of asbestos as long as the regulations apply to the truly asbestiform varieties of specific minerals. Unfortunately, the regulators have ignored basic mineralogical data and have included numerous minerals which bear no resemblance to the asbestos upon which essentially all health data have been obtained. This gross extrapolation of the known health hazards of excessive exposures to true asbestos, to the non-asbestiform varieties of common rock-forming minerals is totally unwarranted. The full assessment of the economic impact of the asbestos regula tions, as with other restrictive legislation, will undoubtedly take many years. This impact is also greatly dependent upon the outcome and recommendations resulting from this workshop. As 'of today, if the regulatory agencies apply their present rules and definitions regarding "asbestos", the entire mining industry and those dependent on it face an adverse economic impact unparalled in its history. Furthermore, pro posed regulations, based on the same erroneous definitions and extra polations are so restrictive they threaten the existence of major segments in a wide variety of areas within the mining industry. The continued promulgation and enforcement of mineral legislation based on errors and misconceptions will have astronomical economic effects on the total U.S. economy and on the individual taxpayer. 41 ASB 0004085 NIEHS-ORAL ASBESTOS STUDIES . John A. Moore National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park, N.C. Epidemiologic data clearly associates.inhalation of asbestos with an increased incidence of cancer. In addition to pulmonary thoracic neoplasia, there is data which associates an increased incidence of gastrointestinal and peritoneal tumors. Controversy exists as to whether these latter types of neoplasia result from asbestos fibers that were injested subsequent to clearance from the respiratory system. Exposure to injested asbestos does occur in the general population through the presence of fibers in water and food. ' The NIEHS oral asbestos studies, in rats and hamsters represent a systematic attempt to assess the biological effects associated with primary injestion of selected asbestos fibers. The objectives of the studies include: assessment of biological (carcinogenic) effects as a consequence of exposure to one of several types of asbestos; assess if an interaction may exist between a chemical carcinogen which is known to produce bowel cancer and injestion of asbestos. The specific experimental design of this series of ongoing studies will be presented. . 42 ASB 0004086 CPSC REGULATION OF NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS Robert Hehir, Steven P. Bayard, and June Thompson Consumer Products Safety Commission . Bethesda, Maryland The Consumer Products Safety Commission (CPSC) has found that exposure to respirably free-form asbestos in two consumer products poses an unreasonable health'risk. The Commission has recently voted to ban the use of free-form asbestos in consumer patching compounds, and in artificial fireplace ash or emberizing materials under Section 8 of the Consumer Products Safety Act. The broad regulatory provisions under CPSA, as well as those under the Transferred Acts are discussed. Data on consumer exposure to asbestos are very limited. One study of airborne asbestos resulting from the use of consumer spackling/patching compounds has reported levels of airborne asbestos fibers exceeding the occupational exposure excursion levels. Direct evidence exists of asbestos inhalation in non-occupationa1ly exposed individuals from autopsy findings of asbestos fibers in lung tissue, and indirect evidence of asbestos-related cancers in non-occupationally exposed individuals from epidemiological studies. A risk assessment has been made of the potential increase of lung . cancer resulting from heavy consumer exposure to asbestos-containing patching compounds. 43 ASB 0004087