Document X8yVa4NJ4ebM3NNR9D0MV4YMR

HhSB-880301 e\ Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 ^ifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. February 24, 1939. NOTE TO MMBEHS: Enclosed is another bulletin in the series prepared by the Preventive Engineering Committee of Air Hygiene Foundation. The neve bulletin deals with "Routine Sampling for Control of Atmospheric Impurities" and gives methods for determining some 40 substances more or less commonly found in industrial atmosphores. Extra copies, in addition to the regular membership allotment, arc available at fifty cents each. H. B. Mailer Managing Director 03117914 Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc. 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa, February 23, 1939. 5 00 oa 09 REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES (A) News Items 34 BOOK REVIEW -- DESIGN OF INDUSTRIAL EXHAUST VENTILATION. John L. Alden. Published by Industrial Press, 148 Lafayette St., New York, N.Y, 220 pp. $3.00. 0 This book, published recently, includes the articles in Heating and Ventilating f* and which have been abstracted in this Bulletin. No reprints of the articles *>: have been available to date. It is well known that the literature on exhaust 0 ventilation has boon scanty and the author attempts to dispel the mystery sur rounding the subject and to describe it in straightforward engineering tezas. The book covers the following subjects: flow of fluids; hood foxos; air fl* through hoods; pipe resistance; piping design; dust separators; low pressure conveyors; centrifugal exhaust fans; structural details and system planning; ana field measurements and their interpretation. One purpose of ths book 14 to tell the plant engineer how to design or how to buy an oxhaust system that will adequately and economically operate. 85 THE KNUDSIN AWARD. Ind. Med. 3, 44,. (January 1939), The Knudscn Award, open to members of the American Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons, is awarded annually for "the most outstanding con tribution to industrial medicine". Hembors desiring to be considered should notify the committee by March 1, 1939. The award is made on the basis of the best original contribution to medicine as it applies to industry, 86 FOR MORE LIBERAL COMPENSATION. Labor Standards, U. S, Dept, Labor, 2, 6, (January 1939). Another attempt will be made in New York State to liberalize the restricted schedule of compensation for silicosis and to terminate the restrictions entire ly at the end of a 5-year poriod. The 1936 law provided medical benefits for 90 days only and compensation for total disability not to exceed $500 in the first month after the bill became effective, the amount increasing #50 a month until a maximum of $3000 was reached. The proposed amendment would remove the limitation on medical benofits, would step up the rate of monthly increase# and , would remove the ultimate maximum of $3000, A similar bill introduced last year, passed both houses, but was reconsidered and killod is the assembly, 87 LABOR LAWS OF TM STATE OF 'WISCONSIN AND ORDERS QF THE INMpBXAL CCMttSSION. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison. 222 pp, (1938k In this volume are published all the labor laws of the State? Under "Safety and Sanitation" ore listed rules for the control of dust, fumes, vapors and gases, spray coatings, mines and caisson work. Other divisions include in* juries and compensation, employment of children, hours and wages,- labor rela tions and special laws for women in industry. MUBB-0608019 References to Recent Literature - 2. 88 COMPENSABLE OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE CASES SETTLED IN 'WISCONSIN IN 1937. Industrial Commission of Wisconsin, Madison. December 3, 1938* A total of 753 claims were settled in the State for $272,503. Of this total, 707 were for temporary disability, 20 were permanent-partial and 26 were for total disability or death. Twenty-eight types of disease ere listed, the more prominent among them being: dermatitis, 286 cases; plant poisoning, 130; carbon monoxide, 48; lead poisoning, 12; silicosis, 22; heat prostration, 56; freezing, 26; synovitis and teno-synovitis, 55; and tuberculosis, 6. The most noticeable disease on the list is silicosis, which, although it comprised only 3 per cent of the cases, accounted for 60 per cent of the indemnity paid. Eightoen of the 22 silicosis cases were for total disability. Next in line are heat prostration, about 10 per cent of the total indemnity, and tuberculosis, about 8 per cent. The silicosis cases occurred in the following industries: iron mining, 6; stone cutting and polishing, 3; iron foundries, 9; steel foundries, 1; foundry and mach ine shop products, 2; and agate and enamel ware, 1. 89 MASSACHUSETTS OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE COVERAGE PROPOSALS. Labor Standards, U* S. Dept, of Labor, _2, 6, (January 1939). Labor Standards is a monthly publication, for sale by Supt. of Documents, Washington, D.C., 10 cents per copy, 75 ce^ts per year. Several plans have been presented to tho special Massachusetts legislation j*cess commission studying problems of silicosis and other pulmonary disease ooverages under the workmen's compensation act. One provides for a compulsory pool to take care of silicosis nd dust cases, with provision for assignment of risks rcjectod by three insurance companies at rates approved by tho commissioner of insurance; provision for apportionment of risks among compensation carriers; and a provision permitting carriers to pool their excess losses frem assigned risks. Another plan would set up a State fund, in the custody of tho State treasurer, for extra hazardous employments. This fund would be established and maintained by contributions from all insurance carriers, and frem it carriers of assigned risks would be repaid the losses in excess of 70 per cant of the premiums of such risks. Still another plan legalizes self-insurance under certain circumstances. A fourth plan separates occupational disease and accidont claims, and limits oc cupational disease claims to total disability. 90 J V V ' NOMOGRAMS FOR THE COMPUTATION OF DATA OF FREQUENT OCCURRENCE IN INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. J.M. Dalla Valle. Div. Ind. Hyg., U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D. C. A useful set of nomograms covering (1) dilution of impinger samples, (2) ccmputation of dust concentration, (3) conversion of mg. per liter to parts per million, (4) rate of particle fall by Stokes' law, (5) computation of relative humidity, (6) friction loss in round pipes, (7) computation of airflow from pitot readings, (8) velocity exterior of an opening under suction, (9} height, ago, and weight relationship of adult men and women. 91 REDESIGN OF WORKING BOOTHS TO REDUCE DUST COUNTS. Cer. Ind., 32, 60, (Jan.1939). 'v A redesigning of the working booths in the porcelain department of the General Electric Company has produced some surprisingly low dust counts in these booths v;hore unfirod waro is trimmed on lathes. A stream of air is made to pass down ward in front of the operator, not striking him directly, and then out through openings in two staggered baffle plates In the rear of the booth. Dust counts in the operators exposure zone wore approximately tho same os the general plant atmosphere. 031179*6 t T rp?. 0 0 .< - References to Recent Literature - 3. 92 LABOR PROTECTION AS LECTURE MATERIAL FOR TECHNICAL SCBXL DIRECTORS. St. Folkhard, Arbeitsschutz, pp,, 201-3 (1938) (Gernm) .. The author advocates the establishment of courses in the technical schools for instruction in labor laws, applied physiology, labor psychology and labor pro tection. Short courses could be arranged for safety engineers. (B) Papers on Dust, Lust Diseases and General Industrial Hygiene. 93 PITYSTOLOSTFO?. ENGINEERS. H. W. Haggard. Uech. Eng., 61, 8-12, (Ian. 1939). Robert Henry Thurston Lecture at Annual Meeting Am. Soo. Mech. Engrs. Dec. 1938. Physiology for engineers is a i.iucn more importent subject than is apparent on first consideration. Numerous engineering achievements in the past have greatly changed human environment and the resultant effects on human physiology should bo known and appreciated. Dr. Haggard does not attempt to give a course in physiology, but merely stresses the importance of this element in the engineer's problems. Tlio study of the human body is a complicated, subject. It is emphasize, that the body acts as a whole unit and that a disturbance in the operations of ono part will affect to some extent tho whole unit. To illustrate, two examples of engineering progress are cited: modern artificcJ. lighting and air conditioning. It is possible that, because of tho lack of proper light and tho attendant eye strain, a fair proportion of men end women suffer physiological distrujbancee thal interfere with their work, their digestion or their deposition. Likewise, other abnormal conditions may cruse similar disturbances in a normal operation of. the unit. An almost opposite picture is presented in air conditioning. The ftBMn body responds only to stimulation and in tho perfectly controlled ataospheyee of air conditioned rooms is the possibility that the temperature regulating meebanism of the body nay become sluggish and stagnate, to precipitate other frac tional disturbances. These numerous physiological factors should he given con sideration. by engineers in problems of which nan is a part. 94 DO GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS PAY? Victor G. Hoiser. National Assoc. Manufacturers, Report of Committee on Healthful Working Conditions. December 1938. Obtainable . from Division of Publications, National Association of Manufacturers, 19 W. 44 Street, New York City, at 5 cents a copy -- free to Association members. This publication includes a preliminary report of the Coraaittee together with the address of Dr. Heiser, Chairman, at the Congress of American Industry. Dr. Reiser points out some of the reasons why healthful working conditions are de sirable in a factory and how every manufacturer can compare conditions in his own factory with that in others of similar nature. Bnphasis is being placed by the Committee on the smaller companies. More support should be given to exist ing industrial,medical and engineering research laboratories for further in vestigation and assistance on the problems that exist. 95 THE EFFECTS OP OCCUPATION AND OF ITS ACCOMPANYING SNVIROldOJfr ON MORTALITY. P. Stocks, J. Roy Statistical Soc. 101, 669-96 (1938) (British). Some occupations have given the statistical impression of being intrinsically unhealthy, whereas thoir unfavorable mortality might arise from their particu lar localization, whereby the workers and their families share the higher deathrates which predominate in that locality. This fact may be a factor in certain industries' only carried on in larger cities, and, though well distributed over the country, high mortality may be due, not entirely to the industry itself, but tc the urban conditions. Cases are cited in England, where, if these facts are overlooked, certain erroneous conclusions might be drawn. Conclusion# drawn from a airvey of tho general population show that higher death ratos can be cor related with higher latitudes, housing facilities and ratio of unskilled work ers. a ratioj of the standardized mortality of males to that of married women has been used to indicate whether a high mortality among employed men represents a true occupational risk or is one inherent in the environment. 03117917 HhBB-0008020 5> / 0 0 V5^, References to Recent Literature - 4. 96 EIGHTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH BOARD TO JUNE 30, 1938. K.M. Stationery Office, London, 1938. Obtainable from the British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., Now York, N.Y. Price Is. Part I of this Report contains a summary of the work in the past 20 years. Much of the earlier studies wore devoted to hours of labor, fatigue, efficiency and other general subjects. Part II deals with the work of the past year dur ing which tine the studios on illumination have been given much attention. The toxicity of industrial solvents has been investigated and it is intended later, if possible, to check the toxic effects of all solvents before they are issued commercially. No extensive discussion is given of dust and pulmonary disease, as the comprehensive survey of silicosis in the South Wales Coalfields is still uncompleted. 97 SIXTEENTH ANNUEL REPORT OF THE SAFETY IN MINES RESEARCH BOARD, 1937. H.M, Stationery Office, London, (1938) (British). A large part of the report is devoted to progress reports on the studies of coal dust and firedamp explosions, flamoproofing of electrical mining machinery, mine lighting, explosives, safety lamps, and other miscellaneous safety factors. Considerable work is being done on those subjects. A group of reports classed as health researches includes the study of mine temperatures, silicosis, and protection against dust. One set of experiments showed no ill effects of ex posure to an air velocity of 1,000 f.p.m. of dry air at a temperature above that of the body, a temperature which was found in one of the mines. It was conclud ed, in studies of the excretion of silica in urine, that this* type of test can not be used as n reliable nothod in the diagnosis of silicosis. Dust initiation experiments are still being carried out in South Wales and it is hoped that guinea-pig lung pictures will be obtained corresponding to: (1) anthmolta duct alone; (2) anthracite dust, stone dust, and varying quantities of nitrous fuses; and (3) stone dust with nitrous fumes. Certain other tests have shown that the employment of a plant embodying the "Hay" mist projector principle reduces dust *. by 90 per cent. 98 PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. D. Stewart. Public Health, 51, 165-8, (March 1938) (British). The criticism is made that the public health official does not appear to be aware of the industrial conmunity as an entity or to consider administrative problems in their bearing on industrial workers. The author makes a plea for full cooperation between these public health officials and those concerned now with industrial hygiene matters. The bulk of the present day servicos in in dustrial hygiene is done by the more enlightened companies and by full coopera tion those services could be given wider application. 99 THE TREJD OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE LEGISLATION. H. D. Sayer. Text of address at the National Safety Congress, Chicago, October, 1938. Reprints obtainable from the Association of Casualty and Surety Executives, 60 John St. New York City Compensation for occupational disease and accidental injury is similar basical ly and logically, but their causes and effects are so dissimilar that they re quire almost entirely different treatment. Accidents occur at a specific moment, in point of time, but this is not true of most occupational diseases, and it makes difficult the fixing of liability. Another problem is in the terms of coverage as prescribed by law. Some states have "all inclusive" statutes which make the coverage indefinite and impossible to keep within the bounds original ly intended. No new legislation of this type has been enacted within the past three years. The trend has been towards specific schedules of compensable dis eases, which limit the liability of the employer, reduce litigation, and make the administration much simpler. A brief description is given of the "graduat ed" method of compensation of silicosis cases which have accrued in the past, but which have only recently been made compensable. Liability starts at only a 03117918 HWBB-00080? KWB0-0068622 References to Recent Literaturo - 5. nominal amount (some are $500) and Increases monthly to a wmtHmihh in two or three years. It is not ideal, but prevents the employer from having to pay, out of current income, for liability accrued during past years. 100 SICKNESS ABSENTEEISM. M. L. Dobbie-Bateman. Ind. Welfare, 20, 403-8, (October 1938) (British) The author is full-time physician to a large store having about 6000 employees. Attendances at the clinic are as voluntary as possible, but are obligatory for (1) preliminary examination for appointment, (2) reporting accidents incurred at work, and (3) before return to duty after illness. In over 3000 preliminary examinations in 3 years, 80.5 per cent were classed as fit, 14.5 per cent as partially fit, and 5 per cent as unfit. From sickness records it appears that women take more time off than men and that those engaged in selling have higher sickness rates than others. Sickness is higher in winter months, particularly in latter part of the season. About 45 to 50 per cent of time lost was due to respiratory diseases. Digestive diseases accounted for about 10 per cent. 101 ALUMINUM AND SILICOSIS. R, C. Ensaons and Carl Fries. American Mineralogist,23, 664-60, (October 1938). In the study of "protector1* dusts, Denny, Robson and Irwin (Abstract Bo. 39, 1937, this Bulletin) contended that the action of alunina was to reduce the amount of silica in solution; that the toxic action of silica depended on the amount in solution. The authors agree that alumina is a protector dust bu$ dis agree on the explanation of its action. First they state that it Is the pgr* tieulate (undissolved) silica which is held to be the cause of fibrosis sad aot the dissolved silica which is easily transported by the blood and aacerei*6 The action of the alumina is to hydrolyze to the insoluble hydroxide which floccu lates the smaller silica particles not yet in solution into masses large enough to be removed by phagocytosis. In beaker experiments wheat* the pH of the water was kept belov. 5.0 to prevent the alumina from hydrolyzing to the hydroxide, there was no flocculation or reduction of the amount of particulate silica in suspension. In alkaline solutions, however, large reductions of suspended silica were noted, other substances such as carbon black, iron oxido (hematite) and the alkaline earth carbonates produce the same reactions that are well known in clarification in water treatment. 102 differential diagnosis between the pneumoconioses (particularly silicosis) ;JVD TUEERCULOSIS. E. Gonzalez Ancira. Arch.des naiad. profes., 1^, 379-88, (Noyeaber 1938) (French) The differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and the pneumoconioses is not diffi cult if the following points are given consideration: (1) exposure to dust and its composition, (2) complete laboratory examination, and (3) correct use of the x-ray. Under (1), the details cannot be too exact. Under (2), certain laboratory teats may be carried out, which, if done correctly, will help dif ferentiate between the two. Characteristics of x-rays are described, which, if followed through In detail, will further eld in the diagnosis. By the use of the combined signs and symptoms covered under these three main considerations a correct diagnosis should not be difficult. 103 FIGHT AGAINST SILICOSIS IN THE METAL INDUSTRY. Anon. Oberflackentech., 15, 189-1, (1938). . Silicosis develops in men sandblasting or grinding metals more rapidly than in miners. Means for preventing inhalation of the fine dust, adequate equipment and clinical aspects are briefly discussed. Grinding wheels of artificial stone, as carborundum, are more sanitary, as the duet does not contain any free silica which is tho cause of silicosis. Wherever possible artificial stones should be used. 03117919 References to Recent Literature - 6. c Hh B B -0 0 0 8 0 104 SILICOSIS AMONG GRINDERS, J.L.A. Grout. Brit. Jour. Radiol. 11, 366-70, (June 1938). C ) The author gives an interesting report of the work of Sheffield grinders in sharpening knives, forks and needles and their working conditions during the . 18th and 19 centuries. The grinding was all done with sandstone wheel3, the grinding of knives being done wot end that of forks dry. Fork grinders seldom lived beyond the age of 32, while the knife grinders occasionally lived to 50 yoars. In 1835, out of 2500 grinders, not 35 had lived to be 50; of 80 fork grinders, exclusive of boys, not 3. single worker of 36 years was alive. Although some attempts wore made to alleviate these conditions, they remained much the same for generations, until recently. In 1834 a dust control program, much the /Z*\ same as those in effect today, was proposed but was apparently never enforced. During more recent years the'replacement of the sandstones by artificial ab rasives has almost eliminated silicosis from this industry. 105 DETERMINATION OF ACID INSOLUBLE MATTER IN THE SPUTA OF SILICOTICS. H. Civin, I. A. Schreier, 3. Martello and J.D. Hardy. J. Ind. Hyg & Toxicol., 21, 1-4, (January 1939). The determination of mineral residue in the sputum of silicotics is a compara tively recent study, and no thorough investigation of the subject has as yet been made. Burke (see Abstract No. 873, Dec. 1938) made a microscopic study of the sputum of silicotics and non-silicotics, but the technic available made it difficult to distinguish particles accurately. In the present study the authors determined the weight of the total acid-insoluble solids in 100 cc of sputifeu Their method is completely described in the paper. The average free silica con tent of the solid matter, determined with hydrofluoric aCid after ignition, was 71 per cent. They found some solid matter in the lungs of all examined, but noted that the sputum of proved silicotics showed distinctively higher values than that of non-silicotics. Tho sputum of 83 non-silicotics contained fro* 0,2 to 2.5 mg. residue per 100 cc while 84 per cent of 32 silicotic cases contained over 2.5 mg. per 100 cc, and some values were as high as 20 mg. Many silicotics gave high results even after years of absence from a dusty trade. It is suggest ed that these determinations may prove to be of value in the diagnosis of silicos: 106 VARYING ANATOMIC BEHAVIOR OF THE RIGHT HEART IN SEVERE SILICOSIS. M. Letterer, Verhancl. d. deutsch Gesell. f, Kreislauf. 11th session, pp. 400-5, (1938)(German. Of 13 cases of severe simple silicosis the author found that 11 had hypertrophy of the right heart with a 6-10 mm. thick wall of the conus pulmonali a. Of 22 cases with severe silicosis complicated by tuboruulosis there were only 9 cases with this condition. It secas possible therefore that tuberculosis hinders the development of hypertrophy of the right heart and can perhaps even bring about a diminution of it. 107 THE DANGER 0? SILICOSIS AND PRACTICAL SAFETY MEASURES. Derdaek. Zbl.f .Gewerbelf-'fi 25, 167-70 (1930) (Goman). r . The author discusses the dust produced in the manufacture of fireproof bricks and deals briefly with means for preventing its dissemination* . 108 THE EXPERIMENTAL REPRODUCTION OF THE SO-CALLED SILICOTIC NODULE. A. Policard. Bull. Histol. appl. physiol, path. tech, microscop. 15, 67-76 (1938) (Preach). Histologic and histo-chcmical studies were made of pathologic tissue from the lungs of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits which had inhaled quartz or chalcedony dust for 8-25 months. The fibrous changes produced in the lungs of these animals differed markedly from the fibro-hyalin nodules found in human silicosis pat ients. Conclusion: the origin of human silicotic nodules cannot as yet bo de finitely ascribed to silica itself. Note: See abstracts Nos, 15 and 16 in January, 1939, Bulletin. 03117920 References to Recent Literature - 7. HW BB-00080? 109 A2BEST0SIS. J. V. Sparks. Brit. J. Radiol. 11, 371-7, (June 1938) (British) The paper describes the clinical and radiological signs of asbestosis. The chief complications are (1) purulent bronchitis, (2) broncho-pneumonia, (3) pulmonary tuberculosis, and (4) carcinoma. 110 THE ADSORPTION EFFECTS OF VARIOUS DUSTS ON DILUTED "0LD"TU3ERCULIN. S.L. Cumoins and 2.M. Williams. J. Ifyg., 38, 638-46 (1938). The adsorption power of various types of finely-divided dusts for the active part of tuborculin was studied by shaking 1 gram samples of 3uch dusts with 10 ml. of a 0.1 per cent solution of tuberculin for 5 minutes, incubating at 37 for 30 minutes and keeping them overnight at room temperature. The clear liquid was removed, centrifuged, sterilized and tested. It was found that the adserptioj power increased in the inversed ratio of particle size, that anthracite and fusion dust of comparable particle size have the same adsorption power, and that .ex'! sandstone from different locations and shale dust, sericite, chalcedony and quartz dust also adsorb the active principle of tuberculin to different extents. It is suggested that the .datively low morbidity, toxicity and mortality from tuberculosis noted in cual miners exposed to siliceous dust are due to the ad sorption of tuberculous toxin by finely-divided coal dust inhaled with the duet from hard stone. 111 THE PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSE OF PLEURAL SURFACES TO IMPLANTED DUSTS. W.R. Bj and M.W. First. J. Lab. and Clin. Mod., 24, 44-52, (1938). Forty rabbit3 were subjected to intra-plcural implantation of duet and, additional rabbits as controls, wore autopsied after 15, 30, 45, 60, days. Typically inert, absorptive and proliferative reactions were the pleura in response to various dusts. Those responses were esi same as those produced in serous cavities elsewhoro in the body by other" The injection of dusts into the pleural cavities, especially because of its proxi mity to lung tissue, was found to be suitable in both results and econc^JT. 112 RADIOLOGICAL DEMONSTRATION OF PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY CERTAIN HGXJ8TRIAL PROCESSES. J.F. 3railsford Brit. J. Radiol., U, 393-400 (1938) (British!. The author summarizes RohoLa's study of fluorine intoxication, contracted by those handling cryolite. Eighty-four per cent of the workers examined had bone changes -- a diffuse osteosclerosis, which was on the whole proportional to the period of employment. Half of the workers showed radiographic evidences of pul monary fibrosis similar to that seen in silicosis but more innocent in nature, but it was undecided as to 'whether the- fluorine or the associated quart* had caused the fibrosis. Against this, an examination of 49 workers In Scotland ex posed to ulunina and cryolite dusts failed to establish the existence of osteo sclerosis or of pulmonary fibrosis in spite of long exposure. Other examples of the radiograph as a diagnostic tool are citod. *113 TESTS OF RESPIRATORY EFFICIENCY AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH RADIOLOGICAL APPEARANCES IN THE LUNGS. E.M. Killick. Brit. J. Radiol., U, 401-4, (June 1938. (British) ` The tests of respiratory efficiency used were: (1) vital capacity of the lunge, (2) ventilation equivalent for oxygen (vol. of air breathed per 100 cc. oxygen absorbed); (3) volume of dead space; and (4) exercise tolerance tests. Seven men; whose pulmonary lesions had been diagnosed as silicosis or asbestosis, all show ed well-defined functional impairment on the basis of one or more of the above tests. Eleven arc welders were examined and five of the number, having signs of early pneumoconiosis, gave, on the whole, poorer performances than tha other fix. It is concluded that tests of respiratory efficiency should help to distinguish between early flbrosi3 and the deposition of dust in the lungs without marked fibrous tissue reaction. 03117921 References to Recent Literature - 3. HW8B-0008025 114 PNEUMONIA IN INDUSTRY. George F. Obrien. Ind. Med., (B, 39-42, (January 1939). Industry has made great strides in reducing mortality from injuries, but much time is lost and many deaths still occur from respiratory diseases. Industry furnishes many of the predisposing factors in pneunonia end should interest it self in the problem and in spreading tho modern concepts of pneumonia and its treatment* The symptoms of pneumonia arise from infection and anoxia; serum therapy is directed against the infection, and oxygen therapy against the anoxia, and control of tho two factors will control pneumonia. 115 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OF THE LUNGS IN AGRICULTURAL WORKERS. R. Fawcitt. o - Brit. J. Radiol., 11, 378-92, (June 1938) (British). Agricultural workers are liablu to infection by organic matter, micro-fungi, bacteria and parasites frem vogetable matter and excrota. Various types of mycotic infection of the lungs are described, and the radiological appear ances illustrated, The author is of the opinion that the common micro-fungi, though usually innocuous, may become pathogenic under certain conditions and that the incidence of hanaful infection is more common and widespread than is general ly realized. Certain types of bacterial and parasitic pulmonary disease are also described. 116 SYPHILIS CONTROL IN INDUSTRY. R.R. Sayers. Supp. No. 140, Public Health Reports (1938). Mere than 1 million years of life expectancy are lost every year by syphilitic deaths in this country, and in institutional care the disease costa us between 40 and 50 million dollars annually. As a purely economic problem, industry should be interested in wiping out tho disease, but comparatively few ccape&lee have done much on the problem. The question of whether or not industry should hire a syphilitic is discussed. Except as food handlers, barbers, etc*, it if stated that they should bo kept at their jobs and given close medical supervision. A doctor of one large company advocates a certain amount of medical care by indus try and at least cooperation with Stato officials who can supply free anti syphilitic drug3 and offer consultation on problems of control* .. 117 STATE LABOR LAWS FOR WOMEN. PART 1, SUMMARY. Part 2, ANALYSIS OF SOUR LAWS FOR h'QMEH 7<0RKER5, F.P, Smith, U,S, Dept. Labor, Women*s Bureau. Bull. No* 156, Parts 1 and 2, (1938), Those bulletins summarize the State laws regarding work hours, meal time, rest periods, night work, seating, and other items. All but 4 States have acme sort of law regulating the hours women may work, 16 States having a maximum of 8 hours a day. It is significant that 17 States prohibit women working in mines, and other States prohibit them in coke ovens and quarries* Only 1? have laws governing home work, and only 22 have minimum wage lows* Part 2 of the bulle tin is devoted entirely to presenting in tabular form the points covered by various State laws for women as of March 31, 1938. 118 FORWARDING HEALTH AND SAFETY IN COAL MINING BY USE OF WATERING METHODS. D. Harrington & J,J, Forbes. U.S. Bur, Mines Inf, Circ, No 7041,11 pp.{Dec.1938). It is well known that coal dust, even in absence of gas, is explosive and can initiate or propagate on explosion in a mine. It Is also believed by many per sons that all Qtmospheric dusts may be hanaful if breathed in largo quantities fo: long periods of time. For thoso reasons the authors stress the importance of dust control in coal mines. This papor enisaeratos the principal sources of dust and describes practical methods of employing water as one of the most effective of the known methods to allay dust in coal mines. Most dust in mined originates at the face and the amount of water necessary, if applied efficiently, is not excessive, in some mines the water is supplied by special tanks on mining 03117922 References to Recent Literature - 9. HW 6B-00080? machines, but most nines now using water for dust control have installed com plete pipe line systems. Several typical installations are described in the circular together with pictures which illustrate the mot hods nov: in use. 119 EXAMPLE OP AN INSTALLATION FOR THE CONTROL OF THE HYGIENIC EXPOSURE ARISING FROM THE APPLICATION OF POTTERY GLAZES. S. C. Rothoann. Ind. Med., 8, b-12, (January 1939). " The author describes some of the problems in connection with the dust and lead hazards in tho glazing department of a "dinnerwarc" pottery plant. The lead hazard is probably the most important, although in recent yours the increasod use of "fritted" glares has reduced the hazard bocause of the formation of in soluble lead compounds by pre-fusing. Hand dipping of ware is not in itself dangerous; most dust is caused by stirring up of accumulated dried glaze on floors, boards, tubs and clothing. An automatic spray glazing machine and the necessary exhaust booth in connection with it are described. 120 ELECTRICAL DUST PRECIPITATION. J. Wuyckens. Mem. imiv. Bruxelles, 95 pp. (1937)(Belgian). Details are given of a laboratory investigation relating to the alectrio pre cipitation of dust from a stream of. air. The apparatus consisted in: a device for making regular and uniform the distribution of the dust in the air stream, a small Cottrell type of precipitator and an oil filter for removing dust-fro* the effluent stream of air. Among the factors studied wore: effect of duit concentration on efficiency; effect of eloctromotive force employed withip. the range 7300-12000 volts; effect of tho velocity of the air stream oad the rela tion between eloctromotive force and current in the discharge. A faigfc fafTM of purification is more readily obtained by a roduction of velocity of the ' stream than by an increase of electromotive foroe. The scale effect controll ing the possibility of applying laboratory results to large-scale plants is discussed. 121 .y ^ FRICTION LOSS IN PIPING. E. A. Windham. Heating, Piping, and Air Cond. H, 6-8, (January 1939). The author has developed in the course of his work two charts of friction lose in pipes which are reproduced. Most empirical formulae apply over only a limited range of temperatures and it is frequently necessary, particularly in air duct work, to compute friction losses when the temperature varies considerably from the standard conditions. The author has made use of tho Fanning equation, and has simplified its application for general use. C) Papers on Industrial Poisons, CancerT Dermatitis, etc. 22 HEALTH HAZARDS AND THEIR CONTROL IN THE ELECTROPLATING INDUSTRY. H.G. pyktor and John Busell. Bulletin, Dept. Public Welfare, Industrial Hygiene Div., City of St. Louis, Mo., 33 pp. (1938). In a study of the electroplating industry in St. Louis, the authors found no health hazard which necessitated drastic action. Host plants were provided with moans of controlling the ha2ard3 encountered and present control methods could bo perfected v/ith only minor changes or by proper maintonnneo of present equip ment. In tho cases whore deficiencies occurred, they woro due to lack of prop er information or to the use of erroneous information* and this Bulletin is published to fill that lack. It covers the hazards of dusts, acid mists and vapors, trichlorethyleno and carbon tetrachloride, chromium, lacquers, skin diseases and other miscellaneous items of personal hygiene, sanitation and gen eral safety. No one subject is covered completely, but tho Bulletin is a valu able guide to those operating electroplating plants. 03117923 .--n 0 'I? References to Recent Literature - 10. 123 A SURVEY 0E INDUSTRIAL HYGIME CONDITIONS IN THE JEWELRY INDUSTRY OF RHODE ISLAND. J. Wuroftic and C.V. Hickey. Div. of Indust. Hyg., State Dept, of Public Health, Providence (1938). The jewelry industry in Rhode Island conprises 289 plants employing 10,315 vrorkers, about one-half of whom arc women. More than half of the plants em ploy loss than 10 workers. It was found that 8912 or 86 per cont of the number were not exposed to any hazardous material or process in any manner and the percentage of those exposed to any degree at all was very small (0.28 por coat). A few (436 or 4.3 per cont) were engaged in electroplating work and the ser iousness of their exposure is Questioned pending further investigation. 124 3EVERAL TOXIC VOLATILE INDUSTRIAL SOLVENTS. D. Gilbert. Bruxelles-Med., 18, 1189 (July 19, 1938) (Belgian). 3ecause physicians are likoly to encounter some of the growing number of toxic industrial solvents, the author discusses a few of them in this paper and lists others -which aro cither not discussed at length or are otherwise generally well known. Attention is cspocially called to tho chlorinated hydrocarbon group. He stresses particularly that the solvents as used oro rarely pure and that this fact should be taken into consideration along with other factors such as the origin of the solvent, its instability, and the particular conditions of its use in the plants. 125 SOLVENTS AND THEIR DANGERS. Wenzel, Zentr.Gowerbehyg.Unfall*, 25 , 217-24, (1938) (German). , Industrial solvents aro classified as to their general use, o.g., viscosity changers, plasticizers, azeotropic mixtures, extractants, degreasere, solvents for solids, impregnators, pharmaceuticals, and carriers for other materials. Many examples are given. The flammability, physiological action, origin and in dustrial use of many solvents arc discussed. Special attention is given to spray booth design and uxhaust, paints and lacquers, and solvents used in tho rubber and textile industries. The most important phase of worker protection is adequate education as to the danger and proper handling of the solvent in question. 126 EVALUATION OF THE ODOR NUISANCE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KRAFT PAPER. J.M. DallaVallo and H.C. Dudley. U.o, Pub. Health Reports, 54, 35-43, (Jan. 13, 1939). Kraft paper is the brown paper used in rotail stores for wrapping packages; heavier grades are used in shipping carton and containers. The authors outline tho method used in evaluating tho odor nuisance generated in the manufacture of this type of paper by the sodium sulfide - sodium hydroxide process. The odors of hydrogen sulfide, organic sulfur compounds, carbon gases and a chemical smoke containing large quantities of sodium sulfate and sodium sulfide are given off during nearly all processes and pass out through the stacks to be classed as a nuisance in the neighborhood. The human nose is remarkably sensitive to minute traces of those substances in tho atmosphere, even in those concentra tions that are well below tho toxic limit. It is concluded that in the neigh borhood of the plants the concentrations of toxic gases are of no consequence. The major contributing factor in the obnoxious conditions is due to the large amounts of solid chemical materials, mostly sodiiaa sulfate, which are blown out through the stacks and soon settle to the ground. Tho possibility of electrical precipitation for prevention and economical recovery is stressed. 03117924 HW66-0008027 KWBB-00080 References to Recent Literature - 11 127 THE DAJKSERS 07 ARC WELDING. N. Pozzi. Arch, des malad. profes., 1^, 389-414, (November 1938) (French). The author reviews the materials entering into the arc as well as ~he metals usually welded. He considers the dangors as duo to (l) burns, (2) glare, and it3 effects on the eye and (3) fiaaes. The injury in the case of glare may be due to both ultraviolet or infrared rays. The effect of the fumes, if the ex posure is severe, is to produce an acute broncho-pneumonia of v/hich the prog o nosis is unfavorable. If the exposure is moderate but prolonged, symptoms of pneumoconiosis develop: a fooling of constriction of the chest, dyspnoa, and persistent cough. Occasionally metal fume fever occurs but more often a gen eral malaise combined with severe headaches and insomnia. No mention is made of possible nitrous fumes in the gases from the arc. Measures of protection ore: welder's goggles, partitioning off of the welding spaces to protect other v/erkers from the glare, removal of fumes by local exhausts, and good general ventilation. 3 -S 128 STANDARDIZATION OF GAS MASKS AND RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. K. QuaSObOTt. U.D.I. Ztschr., 82, 147-3, (1938) (German). '3 To enable interchange of parts and apparatus of respiratory equijneat, regardloss of make, manufacturers and officials have cooperated in establishing, codes of standardisation of such equipment. Ten codes are planned. It is alsotpro- posed to define uniform names for all apparatus and parts. f 129 THE ABSORPTION OF IRRITANT GASES IN THE RESPIRATORY TRACT. I.D. Gadaskiaa J. . Physiol. (U.S.3.R.) 23, 7^2-90, (1937) (Russian). ' The inhalation of irritant gases by rabbits and the analysis of the exhaled gases showed that nearly all was absorbed in the upper respiratory passages. A non-irritating gas, like nitrogen dioxide, is absorbed largely in tho lowor respiratory tract, none in the upper. 130 THE REACTION OF THE CLOTHED HUMAN 3GDY TO VARIATIONS IN ATMOSPHERIC HJMIDITY. C.-E.A. Winslow, L.P. Herrington and A.P. Gagge. An. J. Physiol., 124, 692-703, (December 1938). 3elow 25C (77F), the zone of body cooling, relative humidity has no appreci able influence on physiological reactions. Above thi3 temperature the rela tive humidity begins to take effect and with higher temperatures and high humidities the male body adjusts it3elf much better than tho clothod body. With higher temperatures and low humidity the clothed subject can tolerate a slight ly higher operative temperature. During summer months tho mechanism of sweat secretion is in better working order and consequently tho response to higher temperatures is better during those months. 131 THE VENTILATION OF FLUELESS ROOMS. NOTE FROM THE BUILDING RESEARCH STATION. J. Instn. Heat. & Vent. Engrs. (London) , 428-34, (October 1938) (British), Observations were made in cn experimental house to detezmine tho ventilation provided by an open ventilator in a room not provided with a flue or chimney. It was found that in an average room over a '.vide range of temperature differ ences and wind velocities, tho ventilator provided approximately the some ven tilation as did an unheated flue of normal type. It was observed that in a heated flueloss room, with an ordinary well type ventilator, tho air-change may fall as low as 0.3 per hour or less. 03117325  0? ^62 23 n<&''vLZ Livcraiorc 132 FIRST CHANGES OF THE WHITE HLOOD IN PERSONS EXPOSED TO LEAD. A.H. Mullor. Klin. Wchaschr. 17, 1183-6, (1938) (German). TIio author reports on results of periodic examinations (over a 1 year period) of street car and bus lncquercrs. Ho notes that with great regularity ho found high lymphocyte counts, without other signs of lead absorption or lead injuiy. It is considered that this lymphocytosis can justify an especially careful nodical supervision in the absence of other signs of load poisoning. 133 LEAD AND HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. G.V/. Gunther. Deutsch. med. Y/chnschr. 64, 1146-7, (1938) (German). Description is given of the illness of a 45-year old linotype setter who died of a cardiac infarct and coronary thrombosis* For many years he had had high blood pressure, anu in recent years vras employed only occasionally as a type setter. Examination of the organs showod 0.115 per cent lead in the liver and spleen and 0.58 per cent in tho bone. Since there 'was no familial disposition to premature high blood pressure and in view of the long exposure to load, a causal relationship between industrial load injury and high blood pressure was assumed. The recent lack of exposure was taken into consideration. 134 NEW SOURCES OF LEAD POISONING. Mornac. Ann. d'hyg. pp. 362-4, (1938) (French). The author describes the use of great quantities of lead arsenic in insect!* cides used by farmers and the complete carelessness in the handling of it. Be found cases of lend poisoning by users of tho insecticide and recommends the substitution of aluminvsa arsenates. f 135 LEAD POISONING? L. Schwartz. Samm. v, Vorgiftungsf. 9_, 41-6, (1938) A 31-year old cable layer fell ill with ocular motor paralysis. 'Huns tfrmjfleail hazard to cable layers seamed slight, and no other signs of load pelMj&IK'' could be proven with certainty, tho referee on the case rejected ths p*Shil- ity of lead poisoning, suggested observation in a hospital. At ths clinic, snail quantities of lead were found in the blood, urine and feces, but ths quantities were viithin normal limits. 136 A METHOD FOR THE QUANTITATIVE SPECTRO-CHEHICAL ANALYSIS OF VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS FOR SODIUM, POTASSIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM AND LEAS. . O.S. Duffendack, E.3. Thomson, W.C. Leo, and O.G. Koppius. J. Biol. ChflB*. j^26, 1-7, (1938). ` A dotailed description is given for the method used. Lead was dotoxmined in urine and by the method described, it is possible with extreme caution to measure accurately 0.1 mg. lend per liter. DETECTION OF LEAD IN ETHYL LEAD .1 OBSERVATIONS ON THE VOLATILITY OF TETRA ETHYL LEAD. H. Siebeneck. Chon-Ztg., 62, 188-189, (1938) (Qexaaa). This question was studied in connection with the detection of load in tho waste liquor from ethylizing apparatus. The use of dithizoae was shown to bo not altogether trustworthy for lead detection, as load-free benzine gore color reactions. Tho use of a 1 per cent dimercaptol-thiodiazol solution is re commended. Experiments showed that tetraethyl lead is volatile In noxsol' temp eratures when mixed with hydrocarbons. 138 JUDGING HEART MUSCLE INJURIES AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. H. SysanakL, Aerztl. Sachverstandig.-Ztg., 44, 183-204, (1938) (Gorman). The author discusses first, on the basis of the literature, tho possibility and occurrence of cardiac muscle injuries in acute and chronic carbon monoxide poisoning. He then presonts eight detailed and instructive cases of heart trouble which had ctaae before bin as a reforoe. The question to be decided was whether the disease was causod by carbon monoxide or hastened by it. In scae, this question was affirmed, in some doniod. 03117926 HHBB-00080? HW68-000863 References to Recent Literature - 1G 139 CARBON MONOXIDE AND EPILEPSY. H. Symanski. Scam. v. Ver.jiftungsf., 9, 23-40, (1938) (German). " " A blacksmith in a gas works was exposed occasionally to carbon monoxide and at the age of 35 he fell ill vlth epileptif o:v:i attacks* The c-xpert (in a court case) considered this as genuine epilepsy, denying any relationship to carbon nonoxide inhalation, since the signs were not present. 140 LATE EPILEPSY IN THE COURSE OF CARSON MONOXIDE POISONING. 0. Schiersnann. Ztsch. ges. Neurol, u. Psychiat., 163, 656-69, (October 1938) (German). True epileptic seizures occurred in a v;ar veteran, 60 years old, 14 years after carbon monoxide poisoning from exhaust gases of a benrol engine during the war. The seizures, which developed rapidly, were characterized by convulsions, torso like and athetoid movements, loss of the reaction of pupils to light, and un consciousness. Minor seizures had occurred six months after exposure and at infrequent intervals following. Mentally, the patient showed disturbed sleep, apathy, emotional flattening, lack of initiative, weakness of memory, hysteri s cal trends and generally dc-nented behavior. 141 TESTIS AND HYPOPHYSIS IN GASSED MALE RATS. C.A. Patterson, 2. Smith, and A.D. Pickett. *roc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Ued., 38, 455-60 (1938) (British). Male rats -were exposed for 1 hour daily for 50 or more days to an atmosphere containing 0.34 per cent carbon monoxide. The testis and epididymus weight wa3 reduced by 0 per cent and their spermatozoa were reduced in number and motil ity. The hypophysis became basophilic, with many vacuolated cells, but the gonadotropic kimono content was increased. 142 CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING. Howard A. Martin. Ohio State Med. J., 34, 1251-3 (1938). The author reviews the literature on carbon monoxide poisoning. Symptoms of both acute and chronic poisonings are described and the important ones especial- -- ly noted. He reviews the various items in the treatment of both types of poisonings and the paper should bo of interest to all physicians. 143 THE HSLQGSIATED ^EfDROCARBOHS 0? THE FATTY SERIES AS SOLVENTS AMD THEIR SK2JITCCANCE TO THE MEDICAL PRACTICE. W. Gueffroy and W. Ehrhardt. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. Unfall., 25, 224-30, (1938) (German). These solvonts a3 a class are toxic, capable of producing acute poisonings and occasionally blood changes. While the lungs ora the chief portal of entry into the body, skin absorption is also possible. The specific properties of some of the compounds are discussed iu detail, and they should all be regarded as active toxic agents. No specific medical prophylaxis for chronic poisonings of this class is known. 144 CARBON TETRACHLORIDE POISONING. T.M. Perry. Arch. Path. 26, 923-41 (Nov. 1938). A description is given of hepatic (liver) damage and reP^V in man based on three cases of accidental poisoning studied clinically and at autopsy. Three negroes had ingested a roach poison, a mixture of carbon tetrachloride and ethy lene dichloride, which they had mistaken for an intoxicant. Two of the men died too early (6. to 11 hours and 65-70 hours) for evidences of regeneration, but the third who died in 150 hours showed definite tendencies along these lines. There is a complete account of the clinical findings and a good review of the literature. 03117927 p. ?=3 ^r\ ^y- References to Recent Literature - 14, 145 DANGERS FROM PYRENE FIRE BCTIJCUISHERS. J. Am. lied. Assoc. (Queries and minor notes) 111. 2326, (Dec. 17, 1938). A patient put out a fire in e poorly ventilated hall. Immediately afterward he had difficulty in breathing, became cyanotic and had gastro-intestinal disturb ances. Those symptoms became worse in 10 days, but after about 2 months he had fairly well recovered. The author says it is probable that phosgene was formed from the carbon tetrachloride as the symptoms resemble those of phosgene. This type of poisoning usually is prone to provoke neuroses, but where it is known that complete recovery is possible, this danger is much reduced. 146 THE PHOSGENE CONTENT OF SMOKE FROM THE BERGER MIXTURE. J. Esser. Gasschutz. u.luftschutz., 8, 297-0 (1938) (German)., (also pp. 266-9) The Berger mixture consists essentially of powdered zinc and highly chlorinated organic compounds such as carbon tetrachloride. When this mixture was burned or heated it was found that phosgene was formed as one of the products of ccaabustior. Care should be exercised in using carbon tetrachloride or other chlorinat ed hydrocarbons in closed spaces as phosgene is much more highly poisonous than the original compounds. 147 BLOOD PLASMA PROTEINS AS INFLUENCED BY LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY CARBON TETRA CHLORIDE AND GUM ACACIA. G.C. Erickson, G.P. Heckel and R.E. Knutti* f. Am.J.Path., 14, 537-56 (September 1938). '| Oral administration of carbon tetrachloride to dogs induces liver changes>and rea reduced plasma protein concentration, due chiefly to loss of albcmla* jection of acacia injures the liver and reduces the plasma protein eofiMfltra- tion, especially the globulin. The results of these and other type of liver injury suggest that albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen may be produced by the liver independently of each other. 148 EXPERIMENTS WITH AN "ANTINECROTIC" MATERIAL PREPARED FROM LIV1R. HJI. Barrett, -- D.L. McLean and E.V. McHenry. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 64, 131-7 (1938). Rats injected with 100 mg. of the liver extract prepared by Forbes (Forbes, Neale, Scherer, J. Phaim. Exp. Ther., 58 , 402, (1936)), and with the same cor responding doses of sodium xanthine and salino, were exposed 24 hours later to controlled concentrations of carbon tetrachloride. It was found that the fat content of the livers of animals premedicated with Forbes* liver extract or with sodium xanthine was significantly loss than that of animals premedicated with saline or without any treatment. The experiments seas to indicate that the premedication with sodium xanthine promotes the healing of liver damage and in addition, offers a certain protection against the toxic effects of exposure to concentrations not greater than 10,000 p.p.a. . 149 POISONING BY HYDROCARBONS. COMPENSATION ACCORDING TO THE FRENCH LAW ON HQXJS- TRIAL DISEASES (1919-1931). Martin. Med. du travail, 10, 151-69, (1938) (French) - The author reports on the discussion that took place in the Commission for In dustrial Hygiene of the Ministry of Labor regarding the inclusion of poisoning by hydrocarbons in the compensation law. Certain other authorities have said that since 1931 the hydrocarbons have been produced in a much puror form and that the poisonings have been due to the impurities. The author takes issue with them and gives reasons for the inclusion of these matorials in the com pensation laws. 03117928 HMBB-0008031 ,V*ri References to Recent Literature - i,;. 150 BENZIE AND BIMZIKE. L. Teloky. lied, du trav., 10, 125-137 (1938) (French) The author contents on the need for more sharp differentiation between these two entirely different substances. Tho characteristic symptoms of poisoning by each is described: in benzene poisoning sovere blood changes occur, while neuritis is especially prominent in benzine poisoning. French and Italian com pensation laws are unsuited to cover theso poisonings adequately. 151 A STUDY, CLINICAL AND HABBT0L0GICAL, OF NINE CASES OF OCCUPATIONAL BENZOL POISONING, M. Lomy, P* Kissel, ~ud L. pierquin. 3ull. et Mem. Soc. Med. Hopit. Paris, pp. 1116-27, (June 27, 1938) (French). Full details arc given of nine cases of benzol poisoning among employees of a shoe factory where benzol was used as a rubber solvent. Four of the cases were fatal. In the severe cases true medullary n-plasia v/ns present, and purpura was present in all. The most valuable treatment was blood transfusion together with injections of liver extract, and the results were good except in the most severe cases. 152 TOXICOLOGICAL DETECTION OF THALLIUM. H. Kluge. Z. Unters. Lebeasm 76, 165-9, (1938) (German) The method is based on the solubility of thallium chloride in ether and the insolubility of thallium iodide in water and alcohol. Larger amounts are*determined by weighing the iodide, smaller amounts by colorimetric determination of the iodine liberated therefrom. 153 THE COMPOSITION 0 F HUMAN BONE IN CHRONIC FLUORINE POISONING. W.A. Wolff and E.G. Kerr. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 493-7, (1958). A man, 48 years old, had been exposed for 18 years to finely ground phosphate rock dust containing 3.88 per cent fluorine. The prosent paper deals only with the distribution of bone fluorine, as the x-ray, clinical and autopsy findings have been reported earlier. Normal amounts of ash, calcium, phosphorus, and carbon dioxide were found in tho bones, but tho fluorine content of some bones was 20 times the normal values. Its distribution was uneven, the greatest amounts being found in the vertebra, the least in the long bones* 154 ACUTE METHYL ALCOHOL POISONING. F.R. llenne. Arch. Path., 26, 77-92, (1938). In 22 cases of fatal poisoning from pure methanol the pathological changes con sisted of marked edema, hyperemia, and necrosis of the stomach, intestine, liver, brain and retina. Clinically tho victims showed intonso nerve excita bility, evidenced by abdominal pain, muscle twitchings, rapid pulse and respira tion with final paralysis and death from respiratory failure. Although these addicts had token small quantities of methanol over a long period of time, there were no gross chronic pathological changes present. 155 THE SPECIAL HAZARDS IN THE WORKING OF MAGNESIUM ALLOYS AND PREVT2/ITVE MEASURES. H. Ruhe. Arbeitsschutz, pp. 195-210, (1938) (German). Magnesium alloys are being used more and more because of their low specific gravity and their tensilo strength. Under certain conditions, however, mag nesium has a great tendency to unite with oxygon, and In fine particles it can explode. Wet magnesium dust tends toward spontaneous combustion. In the pre sence of heat, magnesium can reduce oxides, partly by explosive mechanisms. Water is disintegrated by fin magnosiimi dust with the formation of hydrogen. To guard against these dangers, the Reich Minister of Labor has issued codes and safety directions. 03117929 t HUBB-0008032 HUB6-00B8P References to Recent Literature - 1A. -\C~N 156 THE AUTOMATIC ESTIMATION OP SULFUR DIOHDE IN INDUSTRIAL GASES. W. Francis, M,C,Morley and E.W.F. Gillham. I, Soc. Chen. Ind., 57, 419-24, (December 1938) (British). A description is given of a method and apparatus for estimating the amount of sulfur, as sulfur dioxide or trioxide, in washed flue gases of a power plant. The gas is scrubbed in a neutral solution of hydrogen peroxide which oxidizes o_. the sulfur gases to sulfuric acid, decreasing the electrical resistance of the solution. The change is measured on c recording nilliai.:otcr and indicates the * total amount of 3ulfur over a period or at any moment. The method, except for minor differences, is similar to that developed in this country by Thomas (Ind. & Eng. Chem. _1, 14-17, Jan. 1929). It is possible, by changes in rate of air .--n flow, voltage of current, volume of absorbing liquid and other factors, to measure accurately almost any concentration of sulfur gases in the atmosphere. Lc7 BANGERS OF GRAIN SILOS. H. Tiege. 2b.f. Gewerbehyg., 25, 170-1, (1938) (German) Two men were killed climbing up a silo that contained 2 tons of com. Examina tion of the air later siiov/ed 3 per cent carbon dioxide and 13.6 per cent oxygen, and ct the tine of accident the carbon dioxide was probably still higher. Autopsies showed death was from suffocation. 158 TUMORS AND FRECANCERCUo LESIONS OF THE BLADDER DUE TO AMINES OR NITRODERIVATIVES. (ANILINE DYE TUMORS.) G. di Maio. Arch. ital. d -L. urol.. U, 283-385 (1937) (Italian) This paper contains an analysis of the precancerous and neoplastic change* that may occur in the bladder in aniline dye workers. Among 86 workers examined, 26 had changes that were considered as precancerous, 7 had benign timers, and 4 had malignant growths. The changes wore revealed by crystoscopic examination rather than by specific nothods. Duration of employment varied from 2 to 6 years for the preccncer group, 3 to 9 years for the papilloma group, and 6 to 15 years in the cancer cases. The dyes occurring most frequently were benzi dine, bctanaphthol amine, and aniline. Theso substances are absorbed through the respiratory tract and the skin, and arc eliminated in the urin unchanged or with a modified chemical structlire. Treatment consists primarily of measures to impede the absorption of the dyes. 159 ARSINE POISONING: REPORT .OF TWO CASES. K.B. Smith and T.E. Rardin. Ohio State Med. J. 35, 157-9, February 1939. Arsine and arsine poisoning are discussed and a description is given of the processes where the poisoning nay be encountered. Arsenic is an impurity in many metals and arsine, hydrogen arsenide, the most poisonous of the inorganic arsenic compounds, is givon off whenever these metals are acted upon by acids. The stripping of galvanizing with hydrochloric acid is a coasaon procedure and it was in this manner that the two cases reported by the authors occurred. Com plete descriptions are given of the two cases. The authors stress the import ance of occupational histories, in addition to past illnesses and family history, as an aid in the diagnosis of vague or unknown cases. 160 A RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE REFLHCIN IRRITATION OF THE NASAL MUCOSA DURING THE INHALATION OF ACETONE. PNEUMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN EXPERIMENTAL ACETONE NARCOSIS. L. Prisco. Folia med., 24, 669-77, (1938) (italian) Because of the increasing industrial use of acetone, the author studied its action on rabbits. He found in them a nasal reflex which consists of a temp orary cessation of breathing and also a lung reflex in the foim of a polypnea when acetone vapor is introduced intratracheally. 03117930 HWBB-0008034 References to Recent Literature - 17., 161 j f /y '' DIA20METHAMB P0IS01CHG, FIRST CLINICAL CASE REPORT. F.W. Sundormann, R.Connor and H. Fields. Am. J. Med. Sci., 195, 469-73, 11938). A chemistry studen undertook to prepare trimethylbarbiturie acid -,y allov.ing ;'.ia~onethane to react v.itli barbituric acid. Ho did not work under a hood and while stirring the mixture, suddenly be,con to clioke, bec-.jae uycpneic rn-.i haa u violent cough. A description is Given of the symptoms \hich persisted for three weeks, -when he was released from tiic hospital. Tho gas appears to have a direct irritant action. TIE TOXICOLOGY OF CYANIDE. A.O. Gettler end J.O. Baine. An. J. Med, Sci., 195, 182-98 (1938). The authors give their analytical methods in detail and 'isouss the hydrogen cyanide content of normal organs and the distribution of it in body tissues after fatal poisonings, both experimental an! human. The sensitivity of the analytical method is 0,005 mg. per 100 ga. tissue and by this tost no hydrogen cyanide v;ns found in normal tissues. The minimum lethal dose seems to be about 1.4 mg. per kilogram of body weight. Treo.tmont with methylon blue seems to prolong life for an hour or more; it should be supplemented 'with 3tomach lavage, artificial respiration, stimulants, and a second injection if necessary. 163 LIPBIIA IN ECPERIMUJT/L CARBON DISULFIDE POISONING. E. Bianchi. Med. dal lavoro, 29, 213-20, (1938) (Italian). Acute and chronic carbon disulfide poisonings wero produced in rabbits and the content of blood in fats and phosphorus was studied. There was found in both types of poisoning an increase of the phosphate and cholesterin other. Free cholostorin decrease-', in acute poisoning, increased in chronic. led PHYSIOLOGIC STUDIES OF HELIUM. A. R. Behnko and 0, D. Yarbrough. U.S. Naval Med. bull., 36, 542-58 (1938), . The solubility coefficients of helium in water and in olive oil compared with tho coefficients for nitrogen arc in the ratio 2:3 for water and 1:4.5 for oil. <C = Therefore, the helium content of the body should be about 45 par cont as high as the nitrogen content when tho sane tension of each gas is breathed. The time of elimination of helium from body tissues after absorption ia about one- half that of nitrogen. It is for these reasons that helium-oxygen mixtures are being used in place of tho normal nitrogen-oxygon mixtures in deep sea diving. 03117931 :----- 1 I S4 (I 0> o* *0 HtfBB-0008015