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FILE NAME Monsanto MON DATE 1943 Jan DOC MON004 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Journal Article - Safety in Handling Aluminum Powders - Chemical Engineering Pay a oat Cn e dPo ete + vie elt ne tebe oer e OP wate e et Ne we e 2 Vd cael wa D. KIRKPATRICK 4... Editor JAMES A. LEE Managing Editor THEODORE X. OLIVE.Associate OLIVE.Associate Edliau HENAY M. BATTERS.Markel Edliar JOHN A. CALLEXAN ,... Assistant K^ Nor NORMAN G. FREQUEAR Assistant Editor LESTER B. POPE ... ...... B... udistaal Kefter EDITORIAL REPRESSTAZLEER.Chiengo NTATIVES E. 5. STATZLER.Chiengo STATZLER.Chiengo STATZLER.Chiengo STATZLER.Chiengo STATZLER.Chiengo R. NABIDE **** Dana ingdog **** Kikuntz EARLE MAULDIN .....c0c.05. Publisher M. A. WILLIAMSON " . DISTRICT MANAGERS H. ARDELL .New York R. C. FREDENCE . New York FRED GRANT . - 42. **** Cleveland R. VAN ABSDALE . . Philadelphia Published monthly Price 35 cents par Address Communications about Chen ten to Director of Circulation copy Chen York Subscription Wew Wew Wew Subscription alert Untied up " Cantral counts / yaar South Ameden for eyes eyes 3 for $ Ihres - yaan Comada 59,50 o year 85 for two It for you for three payable in Septemberunder mallet for these you 10 alexs years Kalsta^ ar of Nork , 1978. Contents 206 by . , House chowych chowych Mawych W. C. 4) Workinglows Philadelphia Frun- veless Datzel FL Loung Busi lew Av MCGRAW HILL PUBLISHING CO ' INC JAMES H. McGRAW Founder and Senovary Chitmon 99-128 North Broadway Albany N. Citerial and Exacatiya Olfoss 850 Want # Birsel New York N T. JAMES HI MAGRAW Jr .... Pturidaul HOWREDE~ALION_EXSHU President MASON BRITTOS^ TOTTANTON BRITTOS^ TOTTANTON BRITTOS^ TOTTANTON View Fresident BR BR PUTNANLA SE .. .. **** Traver J. A. GERANDI w ww.Eiteratury E. www.Eiteratury 1 BLACKBURN Jr Director at Circulation Member b.P Member A. ebleaddress McBRAWIOLL New York Volume 81 JANUARY 1943 # Number Year II World Our of EDITORIAL FOREWORD War II ...... 75 WasByteW Di. sposal PProblremsoblems in Wartime .. 7B SaletG y in JS K HanA dlB inaO gndAO Fl. uBC .mBiETK HnWISuCBHETHmWISCH Powders teveereescuerertis 82 Progress Report of the Rubber Director 85 Selection of Pumps for Oleum and Strong Sulphuric Acid 86 BY WARD E. PERTT Effect of the By BENJAMIN Kinetic Energy Term in Gas Flow Calculations 90 Nylon Research EDITORIAL STAIT WinsREPORT its War Wings 92 ManBufy Ja. cKt.uGrA e oMfM BauA ntdadiBuetadnieene From Ethyl Alcohol 20... 94 Lubor Relations and Collective Bargaining in Chemical A CHE 4 NN ET ARPORT . Chrome Tanning Leather 12 .. seeee rare A CHEM & MIT PICTURED FLOWSHEET . & CheMm at Plemi Notebook " 88 Process Equipment News - . 107 Chemical Engineering Nows News from Washington " | 128 ' 121 Interpreting Washington + 2. " 126 New Products and Motocials " . 128 From the Log I Experience , 301 Personalities " 2.4 6 1 Mesting and Conventiona ae 137 " 145 New From Abroad " . > 168 Cham & Mel Bookshell - . . . 167 Chemical Economier and Markets 175 Current Prices New Construction 1 6 * , 187 . + 6 +. 190 An Index to advertisers will be found on page 28k A MCGRAW PUBLICATION MOHAW 30 West HILL PUBLISHING COMPANT Sheal New York Y. Dept of Circulation Pleaze change my address an Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering Front TITAN INSTA 159466 159466 159466 34 Pere et ae ot ee eee , ae . To srcanee wae ee Ma fae toate ena mete wen aT Men ve eS ee Le ree? ey # AT de or oe t ie de PSE Safety in Handling Aluminum Powders G. M. BABCOCK and F. RETHWISCH Reynolds Metale Co. Louisville Ky Chum & Met INTERPRETATION- INTERPRETATION- INTERPETAION- INTERPRETATION- Except for those people who work constantly with aluminUM powders sufficient respect for the explosibility of this material does not appear exist With the present widespread use of aluminum powders for the manufacture of milliary pyrotechnics need has developed for the more widespread dissemination of Information an safe practices in their handling and in manufacturing pyrotechnics The article which follows is based on the experience gained by the Reynolds Metals Co. in many years of producing and handling metallic powders and is offered as a starting point in the development of safety programs for concerns engaged in or beginning opera- in tions pyrotechnic work Certain fundamental precautions are dis"ing cussed by the authors as a to service the industry but neither they nor their company assume liability of any kind in presenting this Information Fasterial ALUMINUM Fasterial Fasterial Fasterial Fasterial Fasterial Fasterial Fasterial sommonly used in aluminum paint under the rather misleading namo of should he stored unopened in a saparate area wherever possible since if they are stored along with auch chemeals as sulphur nitaules ami aluminum bronze powder is a valuable component of pyrotechnic others of similar character a fre from any cause would prosent a most mixtures need for fares and signals Perions problem Whenever a drun The high surface area of a given of aluminum powder in opened for weight of aluminum fake powder leading or inspection it should be makes it easily ignitible when in the presence of oxygen or sir.- Burning Giosed and seatasesod on as pos- sible This not only insures greater it evolves a tremendous amount of safety against fire from external heal and light Owing to its low causes but also limits the likelihood apparent drasity fine particles of of tramp musterial getting into the > The material lend to float in air with the afterlant danger of violent ex- plosion upon ignition when a proper ratio of aluminum to Dxygen reached * from . powder or of the powder absorbing water the air In one Instance a sealed drmn of Hake aluminum with an aluminum dust explo sion and manquent fire without A somewhat different abunnewe ignition of the drum contents powder the grained varisty consists of spheres sunmange shapes or re- There are few practical means of extinguishing firms involving alumi- gular grains of aluminum which are relatively hard to ign^>taWhen mixed producing compounds the grained powder will bun with the evolution of minch heat and light This muutorial however has a high aimi powder or mixtures containing this powder Anything which tands to disturb the burning was URF throw the ahanimum into the ply and result in a violent explosion of cre- mendous destructive power It is apparent demily and low surface area which tends to keep it from suspension in air so that the danger true that dry sand carefully placed over a pile of burning aluminum will amolber the flame but in the af explosion or tre from aluminum Tog is almost nil Both flake and grained aluminuan~- excitement attending such a fire will there is danger that the sand he thrown or shoveled on to the are shipped in sealed drums with Sully removable heads Those drumus mass and that the powder will be thrown into the air There hava baim several cases where relatively harmle firea have been changed to serious and fatal explosions from this BATIC Consequently the mufer and more prudent rule is to instruct employees to walk out of the building in the case of an aluminum fire sitting the door securely but as geally us possible to avoid disturbing the burning mass All employers should be instruated in procedures to avoid They should understand thoroughly that water carbon tetrachloride fire foam nar- ' bon dinside and similar extinguish- agents should not be used on aluminum firas Une at such materi- als will cause explosions Night watebmen should be instructed to convey this information to any regu lar or volunteer group which at - tempts to extinguish an alimninum fire Furthermore the use of a fine spray of water from a stirrup pom such as is used by civilian defense workers on Inemediary bombs shoul~ never he used on aluminum powder free . It is of utmost importauer that local fire department be informed of these precautions The depart- ment should be provided with coun- plete information and charts regard- ing those warehouses which contain aluminum as well as those contain- ing ofher chemicals These charts should also be readily available to the watebusen and to the plant's own protretion division at all times AVOMING HAZARDS A source of great danger in the bundling of aluminum powder is the presence of foreign substances purUvularly hard or metallic materials Care should be taken to see flut dosing bolts units and similar bils of matal cannot contaminate alumi- - num powder or pyrotronic misturas Good plant housekeeping in nue of the most effective methods in achieving plant safety and eare DiBL~ be taken particularly in the weighing mixing and pressing rooms As little material an is practical should be kept in one place at one time Scoops for handling powders should be of sparking material and the handling should be slow and deli- JANUARY 1948 CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERUNG owe ea ' t oe woes ood ren as'tea (eee aes sas oe enPe Te eT Te Pak OT amebyn ean . Qemeh ' dntke .Prcedet aoeentaien Frm:ae & a berate reduce dusting to a minimum Rooms in which powder is handled should be cleaned at fre- quent intervals but never during weighing mixing or pressing operations All material should be kept in closed containers while cleaning is in progress If oil is used in the pyrotechnic mixture spesial onre mmt be taken to insure Elst all pily rage or waste are deposited in aloand sa aty sans away from the storage or loading areas These raga must be disposed of daily In cleming care must be taken portionlarly to keep all corners window ledges beams building steel and other rent- ing places fres from dust BUILDING PROTECTION The buildings weed for weighing * mixing and loading operations should whorever possible be so spaced and protected that free or explendons in one unit cannot be sAXI- municated to other units Construs- tion should be adapted to the vent- ing of explosions using either a soft wall or roof or a blow - panel An equipment should bu inoated no that the operatur kan B free path to an outside door with- out a mixing bench pram or mixer between him and the door - should All metal in the buildings should Lights electric lighting and power equipment carrying Underwriters approval for use in explosive arums and where explosive vapore fire ancountered should bo uek Wheimer possible both the show of workers and the floors should be of a conductive but sparking type Electrical discharges produced by state or lightning are the most difficult safety hazards to controf The danger from static charges produced by friction is greatest in cold dry weather Rym walking on eu crole or position flooring to min conducting aluntar igniting produce sparks capable of igniting proteel- nie mixtures or fine aluminum par fieles suspended in the air Eva the friction caused by lamal~-sam powder poured from a stop in a contamer can create charges on the aluminum high stalio particles Partienlarly in the case of flake uln- .. 21lbumpowder 21lbumpowder considerable time is required to dissipate this charga Several types of sparking concluctive floors have been employed peressfully Three types may be described briefly here including 1 Magnetite flooring installed over a wond or concrete basa with sondue- five metal grids plated beneath the surface of the door and properly grounded 2 rendsified asphalt position flooring with a condue tive aggregate which also in land over gronudod metal grids and 3 indmdrial graphite tile minds of 2 coolnctive mastir the midges of the tile beng melted together with a hot from on installation to provide * continuous surface With the just mtioned type to metal grid is necessary the file ald? being gruanded at various points Those views kom photos by the U. S. Army Signal Corps show a themalis bomb demonstration at the Army War College Washington D. the uppas view shows the bomb beginning in explode while the lower shows the climax of the explosion having whte he r homie h temperature of abom 4.000 dog .. is melking through the slab of steel on which & resta be grounded This not only includes the equipment itself but also montal window nad door frames and other building alomants Clips connected to Bexible grounded lends should bo placed on all metal drams or olber morable equipment Only explosionproof motors should be permitted and for these the controls should be fully inclosed and urcing koorted outside the workrnum so that no worker need he in the mixing or preasing room from the time of starting these operations until they are completed All lights should be of a type approved for explosive operations and conditions Partionlar care Innst be taken when automatis or mannal tools are to be used in bu" d- Inge for repairs or changes When such work is to be antried out the rooms must first he emptied of all ptible material and thoroughly lanned Fatal explosions have been caused in Milled rooms by un art from the switch of an ordinary flashlight Therefore only flagh ed . Partha Information on these tools firm cured be Traducto the for Nine The HaHmorpkaatellleir t^ Horkateller from Armstrong Dark the Rid Emin Dir Lagrant Industrial Emin Phut D. 20 Pissa New York T. and Co. In Olay & racklyn CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING -6' JANVART` 1938 3 ary a ne oo eR bth renetae Tred 8 Permc + ee at ale tt ae et ne te ba plone he FMA pve suee come a static static should The use of static should be ex- plained to employees using simple Illustrations such as the rubbing of silk in cold weather or the combing of hair Bolt drives should not be mend on machines in the mixing proving or leading rooms Sp^'cia cane should be laken in sereen rooms sinue the friction of the partielas , pussing over the screens thetiherir Temporary Inspension and separa tion in air can build up high statie charge All metal in processing and storage moms should be grounded and overy possibility of a spart from napchinery from broken destele licht lbs or from the dropping of steel tools should be guard- ed against containers Properly prof grounded metal containers on proof condustive flooring will permit amara rapil dissipation of static charges than wooden containers Mixns should be allowed to remain at rest for a short time before the mix~...urs is removed thus permitting any BA- the charge inituced in the metal par- ticles in the mix to bo conductetdo ground Simple slentroscopeensn be made to determine when a mixture is free of statio charge . Adequate lightning protection is an important requirement for the plant handling simmat powders The grounding of all metal window and door frames and approved light- ning prefection of all wiring will largely eliminate the possibility of high charges eating before or during a thunderstorm and perhaps Alscharging to the ground with ou gemmpanying finch or spark Pru- tection against senat lightning strokes is best left to authorities on this subject Many concerns shut down all mixing and loading opera- tionsduring severe nearby lightning storms the employers leaving the processing vannis during that period Radio sets are good indicators of approaching electrical storms but if they are used they should not be installed in the loading area owing to the harand they introduce MIXERS AND ' PRESSES Mobinery used in mixing and pressing operations outboard should be equipped with outboard proof bearings which should be kept wall libricated Excessive temperature rise in any part should call for an nomediale shutdown If a shaft or ather part should feeze ou a bear Jug surface no attempt should be made to Inosen the part by furce such us by a hammer blow on the shaft as long as any igallable runterial in in the roam Exposed ring gous or bevel gents should be pro- teclad from aluminuncoin- Jaming mutemuls liboral applications of a heavy grans minimizing this slanger The clothing worn by plant - es ployees should be kept alone and Irag from aluminum Zust by fr^,- quent washing Many concerts supply shirts and shacks to both male and female employees the slacks he ing made without cuffs There is n pflsibilityof danger when employvas wear their work clothes to their Highlights in Avoiding Aluminum Powder Explosions 1. All machinery and all metod door and window frames should be well grounded 2. All mixing and conveying equipmont should be constructed so as to minimito the excaps of dust is reams 3. Spelas cops conveyor and the like should be of aparking materiala _ 1. for or should be in Molors as possible kept separate rooms outside the work Toplus Where i is macesemy to have them in the workromms they should be of the explosion premi splashproof und water type of squirrel homes before changing For example a spork from neuralle neuralle may oasily amuse fatal hurne u a person whose clothing is filled with the dust of a parolednic mixline Owing to the possibility of static chargek silk and like materials should wit ha worn of work by employees The ideal arrangement in locker monstraction : & Dust should not be permilled to collect in workroom they should be cleaned rooms for employees is in we a double baker aystem with .un inter several times a day if necessary although not while operations are going on 6. Duailn the a should be kept at animo animo animo people who do not work contaally with aluminum powder de nel fully appreciate the explosibility of thi watural Trostbl and Provert ateto that the lows explosive fin}} for aluminum vening shower or washroom With this method a lurker is provided for each employoo at ech side of the shower or wasbroom The on- powdez zumponded in a varies with the mothed of igullion With an elestically houted glowing wire or with an art the lower explosive tall was found to be al a concentration of 7,0 mg Al por lies of air and of a contenitation of 13.7 mg with ployee removes his work dothen ronil places them in the work clothes lock er then takes his shower and son- an Induction spark 7. Ligkiing of zoom should be provided 1. If premory to use premory Backlights they ' by dusterool explosion bulbu should always be of an Underwriters . times to his scrond lecker on the other side of the shower room where be secures his street clothing Thus approved type for use in explosive mimospheres . 2. A bearings and years should be kept well lubricated and protected from dual 10. All amploshy ouled ewesar approved approved type clothing without cuof r f cufs fs in feble 11 . 11. Operators engaged mixing should wear respirator as o he procution 12. Sudety shots of a type which are both and condusi spvoe riding should ha ' ware by opamR~"DIS his work clothes lacker is always available for inspection by company officials or for the removal of muted clothing for replacemeal with ulcan clothing As previously mentioned spark and conductive shoes should always be worn by employe~ a 13. 14. close 16. Conductive Kopring should be employed if possible . of Operation should be instructed that in pare Biro they should walk out and the dipor of the room wall someone in autherly five to take charge Aluminum powders should be stored only in analed draws and apart from other material ospecially oxidising agents or easily oxidizable subsizavca 16. Only dry soad or Underwriters'opproved extinguishers should be used an + aletinom powder fuss 17. Care should be taken to prevent prevent foreign subalances from getting into aluminum in the landing and mising areas HEFERENCER 1. Trastal and rover The Lover Limits of Concentration for Explosions of Dusts in Air 4 Jan.ExplWioresions tion of National Asolal~-n Fire 241 Dust Protection Chem & Mol 30 No. 1921 Explosions 1940 NatioNnal ational Assoolal~-n Boston powder \ . 14. Building construction should follow the commandations of the National Fire , Proloclion Association 19. In general is advisable In the kandling of explosirne to follow most of the precautions usually observed 3. Upde for Protection Against Light- Ang ballet 121 U. Bureau of Standards Obtainable from Supt of Lighting Documents C Washogton with on and Tabisk Playing Random House New YoYorrkk Y 81 JANUARY JOAS COMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING te ethan ae we Lier Ff PEPE vamenst pemter At pe es hE ce eet cy cated ir a OF The ee wo we Man Ry ee ^' GES OBI ee eae Me ee aa mC Rae eomenienATraptpegw ah EN ook = Owe. so athe, To S wae! oe ate. Ut te Eee ey Te _ Advertisers In This Issue teat wel ~ Pago Abb^'Inc. Paul O. 137 Acme Coppersmithing kCopersmithing a- weees wrasaae at Chalmers Mfg Co. 16 Chem Co Dow Pagi .... neeeerceuey 193 Davlagtown Iron ... * Dr Corp. ..corceenre Drakenfald & Co. Inc. I. 076 All Co. Luksusvaku2u2~3 -7~74-~-Duralay Ca. ..0. Akeminar of Amerka ot 076 0 214 . 271 AmeriAmericacn an Chale & Cable Co. IM 241 Eagle Land Ga Mon 253 Paga Lawrence Mach & Pomp Corp 24 Pagi Richardson State Oo .. ON Layne & bowler . 167 Robarts Filtar hfg Ge oa a. Lebanon Siew ** 235 Robles Conveying at ...... * Les Metal Proda Ca Inc .. 241 Boblason Mig 153 Nort& hNorrtuhrpup Co 2 13 os Commville Blower Cap 171 Rowan Controller Ge Blower R Product Corp Ryton & Son Inc. J. ..... I American Dirict Steam Co 143 American Flange & Mfg Co 41 American Locomotive Ca... " 256 American Mach & Matals be 251 + American Mater Oo ..... American Tips & Gunst Co fl - Edge Moor Ian Works In 285 Electrical Englates Equip De 7t Equipment oy cee 290 303 Epsday Epporbach Inc. .. .-. 164 Laboratory ... -- 201 Howell Sales Co. Co. : Brans & Co Victory 274 Everlating Valve Co *** *** 184 ~~ SSeaarrccohlight Co fat 6 ccarsseesssens 254 Section Tempus Ca ecgntetere 252-224 Lunker Co. 4 cu. -.- 200 , Macblowry & Equip Corp 201 Manheim Mg & Bell C. 4. El Marlay Co. Fac vicssvosessee 10 225 Master Electric Co ..... 3rd Corol McGraw Hill Book Co. 220 Maxcur Engro Works Inc 156 Sharples Corp. Job sesescear " Shepard Hilos Cave & Holf Chip 1 seertecesnne ve coe 24 Shrivar & Co .... . eves 24 Solvay Salut Ovip . Sparry Co D. .. LOLAA 258 **** 741 Waldron M^>g 775 Standard Convater Co 15, Za Standard Of Co. Indiena . 5.54 q Amarican Wringer Co. .... 192 Fairbanks Co hept op Moric Scala C asssoucsres as 276 Stebbins Ingra & Mfg Co 134 Armstrong Mach ...... 128 Atlet Mineral Products of Pune 231 Attu Powder D serene 202 Fairbanks Morse & Co. Filter Paper Co setecscrsees 276 Matric Matal Works Michlox Stel Casting Ca = 132 Midvale Co. cesee verten neue 282 Stola Equip COTR " ***** Struthers Wells Carp ... Sturtevant Mill evcuse 6 MI Babcock & Wilces Co. First Macky Celp 288 282 281 28 Relches Works " wssccssene " 577 Midwest Piping & Supply Co. Sution Separation Steals Inc. Foster Wheeler Corp Mkler Equip Works_ & B. 278 Badger Sons Ga Corp I Taylor Inst Com .... Baker & Co lac -- cseeee se DH Co ca oy coe oe 150 & Co. Marcon ...... ...... se veorere 201 B^/ferCo. ... . 159 Co 217 Mount Bring > fayrch-& Lomb Optical . . - 219 Lvetecccsseerees oo 278 Hoor Carp Lid vasese Fonto tros Gear & Mach ree 0 Forber C 20s ... rece ane Fredrick StSe tew w . Q Fuller Oa ... sa LAAS Carlock Packing Co .. .... . 237 OF 25 117 ED Muing Equip .. ** Monarch Mig Work Inc. 185 Mansanto Chemical Ca . 13 Morris Math Works 1 42 Morse Chalk Ca. w.ccees es ft Inc. Vernon Woudberry Hills perenseneneorsersevannerers FOR Tabar Pump Co. Taylor & 41117 .... Tuxes Cp acre ve veenen 14 The~tual syndical kid 4. 2 8d Tidewater Sp^>p& Mech Gerp 287 -Timken Soller Co Roller Bearing Div ...0. 217 Bam Bro Dag Co ony 583 Gelb & Son & DIVE * save 280 Bird Mach Ca Knez Ou Blickman lacy urns sees sine sass: General Catomies Co. 243 "fi Seal 75 R. Ca. 1014 21-29 185 Holta Co ccsseerecss 152 GenBearsailn Refrigeration Dept. & Boney Forge Tool Works .- Girdler Bradley Machinery Co. **** -- 376 12 Corp. and Cover 4 138 Brighten Copper Works 2 243 Globe sud Tuber Co isunee 257 _ Murray Mig Co. D. . 268 Engry Nath National Co aneee 251 & Bex Lumber Co . 262 Roller Bearing & Tube Tito Steal PW Co. " THantun Alloy Mig, Gen oe 232 National Radiator Co. wo. sscees Dl National Technical Labe 174 .,e1c.. Naville Co ast & e 245 Niagara Alkall Co245-242 Co245-242 Niagara Filst Corp 2 23 Centrifugal & American Centrifugal Metals Inc. 7 Traylor Engro & Mfg Co. 6 Turas Inc. 6 sere ato Turner Halsas Co oe eee 3 BR Equip Bristol Co. Cosp LA wy p tposege oe 201 " 157 ... 259 . wre ova 201 G Sladding Mabeas & 280 North America hifg Co. 17 245 Cauter Pumps Ins - -- Nukem Pro Carp 61 Graver Teat 4 Mig Cs lac .. 252 United Fillon Green Tweed & Co. < 150 Dilver la " 213 Ualon Bag & Paper C. C. ** Unlan Bay State Gr ** Carben Unten Carbine & Cosp ee unecen 13 * 201 Buffalo Fdry & Mack Co. Bump Pump .... 2. nuns the 124 Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp. se sevserercees 191 Carpenter Steel Co Cash Co. A. W. ce eons 311 Gelltole Go ops. ne vere oe ma 28 Century Electric C aus we BH Chan Valve ... jy GrinnGsall Grove Regulator Co 23 ws Zl Harding Co Ine 52 52 Harvay Bros. ' ve Copinecones e eee 238 Harry Mfg Copinecones Copinecones th Hetherington ke Namer in .., 251 Nicha Engra C. Inc. D. . 265- Hadigm Rubber Co HSE Pangsor Corporallen *** 164 P^/r"r^dgAsrthur 5 cress 203 Paerlass Pump Div Food Machy 185 Pennsylvania Crusher .... +278 Pennsylvania Solt Mfg C67 C67 Perez Marive scare soos ress +218 Perkin Gsep ..cccseans Perry Equip & Supply Co .282 Petra Cham lac Development DevelopmentCo. 177 Plaudler Co. vsecevecosock Caves Union Standard Equip U S Jad Alcohol Co. U. S. Stonsware Co Co 60-61 200 6 se 5 60-61 1... 27 Viking Pump Co. ... 248 VoglMach Co. Hair ernussen 240 Oulmon Go Stillman Co. . Warren Sizam Camp Westem Pratipliales ..... 115 Chicago ridgs & from Co 245 Chicago Metal Hose Corp. Corp. 141 2-80 & Cohen Co. MT 2-80 Cole Mfg Co. B. ase 6 ise 250 104-305 104-305 Inc .: Goeper Alley Fily. Copper Engry Corp Coming Glass Works ore Two Fire Egolprsal Co -- 3 1 Ninos Water Train Co ..116 ..116 Wallingbosa Philadelphia Gear Works COP 222 Thelorwich is cccrconcneannves 62 Elec & Mfg Co. 37 Werten Elsa Elsa Oo ..... oo. 270 2d4aeb inane weds IInnggeerrssoollll DisDcisc Div Hong- Lo que tise ane Inaruational Marak & Chem internallona Co. Inc. 67 Nikal 116 fron & Steel Pr^c^'sInc. 130 Pittsburgh Lectrodryer Carp ... 192 r^/rbungh Piping & Equip Ca. 22I Parter Go lac H. ... ... H4 172-173 Island Equip flSupply Co. Inc. 203 Jacobuth Cay G. S282 S282 S282 Jammer Mfg Co. D. O 41 Jaficas Mita Co..i 2 15 Where de Rugan ******* ******* 274 Whitinck Miq C cersesnss 212 Wickwire Spencer Sissi ... 231 WiNey & Son 185 A Raven 45 Williams fol Crush & Pulv Ca. 178 Mosby Mosby Willen Producks Worthington Pump vere ane 138 & ttoserrsavons 197 Wyckoffs CableAnu Dr. Amarices Wright Dr. Mig ...... 241 Wyckofs Co. ...... 278 ***** ***** Cress 877 Jenker Bros ... 231 Johns Manvile 14 Quaker Oak f 157 Profesa Sery Sery Sery von 224 ' BabulozDaIjY Mach Idry Mach DIY Veallising Equip & American Mach wretee TH ..264 ..264 DLaavLaalval Macky Ronding Block Separator Co - 31 B Prati & De Lara Steam Turbine Co 219 Kawaumes Valve Min Co saree Americas Cabl1e Baspafch Oven Conar~-m~-nAND IGI 85 Diamond Alkell - 27 Go Chemicals Pune pleal Co.IPS Co.IPS Co.IPS A fh Jones & 4b1 266 Kekas Corp 284 Keller & Co. O. 6. ... ** 265 Kemp Mfg Co. C. M .....- 112 234 Knight Mo. Gtrany o sonsees Maurics A one serntoses SOF Carp 80 Reading CaCaddy y Chain & Div 244 Reeves Pulley Raithald Chemicals eoeersee 02 Inc. 32 a SEARCHLIGHT SECTION CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Busindet Opportunities Opportunities ursomassa Epleyman Brid~ k ursomassa Epleyman verireman ursomassa 278 **** 218 EESTI EESTI EESTI Vac~ LAME Vac~ EESTI 271 LAME 271 Hold Mig Ce B 264 Corpu Puson La Moll^ Cham Prad Os Rally Tac & Chen Test 4 238 Wakati Selfies Opportunitiu Warted it Pajelipsa 270 281 Lapp Insulator Co. Inc..,-: Used Borplas torijasvet JANUARY 1948 CHEMICAL & METALLURGICAL ENGINUNKING