Document X7q48RKJ8e6eMYB6B1N6adg6R
. .... ^ ''
- -DEPARTMENT OF.TI^E, IN
A-l--b--e---r--t--t ,B, .Fa l l , Secreta
Un it e d St a t e s Ge o l o g ic Ge o r g e Ot is Smit h , Direc
MINERAL RESO
OF THE
UNITED ST
1920
\
i< t*<.
gt >&
G. F. LOUGHLIN Geologist in Charge, Division of Minera
Pa r t I--METALS ' G. F. LOUGHLIN, Geologist in
'
N49748
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING
1922
84 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920--PART I.
Antimony ore produced in Algeria, 1912-1919, in metric tons. Year
~coMnTfa*
1012... 1913... I9ll. 1915o. 1910. 1917... 1918... 1919...
o Exports, motol content approximate* only.
4,061 682
1,100 9,022 28,473 16,248 7,920
2, 160
'I
BRITISH SOUTH AFRICA.
The most promising antimony deposits in British South Afrl
appear to be those of tho Murchison Range,15 in northern TransVa
The principal mine of the range is the United Jack'. In 1913--1
there was shipped from Transvaal 1,610 metric tons of concentra
and crude antimony. In 1920 72 tons of regulus is reported toll
been produced. Deposits occur also in the Steynsdorp distri
in the Forbes Reef district, in Swaziland, and over a considerable'p
tion of southern Rhodesia.18
"
AUSTRALIA."
The only important antimony-producing district in Australia is
Costerfield. district of Victoria. The antimony concentrates aver1'
about 48 per cent of antimony and also contain about 2J ounces'
gold to the ton. The output in 1913-1919 was 16,406 long tons.
The Hillgrovo district in Now South Wales was formerly a c6
siderable producer, the highest annual output being 2,450 tons of d
in 1906: The antimony metal and ore produced in New South Wal
'in 1912-1919 amounted to 2,110 long tons.
""
Imports of antimony ore into Great Britain from Australia in 10
amounted to 3,854 long tons, valued at $471,700.
IJHall, A. L., Geplogy of the Murchison Range: South Africa Oool. Survey Mein. 0,1912. Uolod
South Africa, Reports Govt. Milling Engineer, 1914-1917.
-'
South African Min. Jour., vol. 25, p. 4fl5. Aug. 19,1918: vol. 25, pt. 2, n. 470, Aug. 20,1916. Molengi
G. A. P.,G6ologiedelaR<Jpublluuosud-nmcaluo: Soc. geol. France Bull., 4th scr., vol. 1, p. 28, 1901..
ports of the Secretary of Mines oi Rhodesia, 1910-17.
Official statistics, Victoria and New Bonth Wales. Trap. Inst. Bull., vol. 14, pn. 405-408, 1916. __
J. K., Tho antimony mining Industry In New South Wales; New South Wales l)cpl. Mines, Min.
16,1912. Victoria See. Mines Ann. Rent.,, 1918, p. 5. Chem. Eng. and Min. Rev., vol. 12, No. 141, p.
1920. The mineral industry of the British Empire and foreign countries: Antimony (1913-1919).
.! n/;
LEAD.
By 0. E. Sie b e n t h a l and A. St o l l
--------SUMMARY.
.. .I .. ,
RThe following tabular statement gives the genera hmestic production and consumption of refined :
|npiled by the United States Geological Survey:
Summary of duties of refined UaJ,1919-20; in sk
f r o d u c t io n .
Pitfawtic desilverized lead........ Domestic soft lead.............. mg^gtio desilverized soft lead.
fbrtlgn desilverized lead................... (P^ Total roHnod primary e lead..
*' `ary lead................................. 11 CONSUMPTION.^
, ' v'i'-*1
Apparent consumption of primary lead, stocks disregarded.... . / iM
&yn on p. 89. Wherever In this report the wora i ftpor method ofcalculating cousumpUon see p. 93.
I, The output of refined lead in the United Sta Kres in 1920 was 476,849 short tons, valued at Kaee selling price of pig lead in New York, a Rrith 1919, ofg12 per cent in quantity and of 70
PRODUCTION.
q u a n t it y a n d v a l u e .
i The refined lead produced in the United States Urn domestic ores and from foreign ores "^ W Ivdue at the average price in New York are show [chapter on lead in Mineral Resources for 1914 [years are shown in the table on page 8o.
86 MINKRAL RHSOURCBS, 1020---- PART I. Production, price per pound, and value of refined lend in the United Plates, 1720-im.
Year
Desilver ized
lead., 5
Soft lead, e
Total pro duction.
From domcstlcorcA and hasp
bullion, b
From foreign ores.
From forrlgn
baso
bullion.
Prlcn per pound at New York.d
Value.
1720-1913 1914.
1915. 1918. 1917.
1918. 1910. 1920.
Short tons. 7,834,081
383,003
388,504 403,619 422,200 429, 732 334,470 339,803
Short tons. Short tons. 3,001,047 10,805,128
158,219 512,122 161,461 550,055 107,515 571,134 188,503 610,709 210,463 040,195 147,744 482,220 189,854 529,057
Short ton*. SJiorf fon.t.[Sljor/ top*
8,057,261 512,794
1.937,887 7,6'"3u9 ' 21,089
507,026
9,681 33,448
552,228
6,085 12,821
548,450 15,872 40,447
530,905 15,33-1 81,050
424,433
7,050 SO,131
476,849
8.414 44, 394
10,536,474 4,284,806 14,821,280 12,518,940
2, <102,334
$0.039 .047
.009 .080 .071
.053 .08
$905,296, orf 42.286.000 51.705.000 78.817.000
105,052,000 90.908.000 51.115.000 84.745.000
1,469,924,000
? DosUvorfzod soft lead Is Included; fur quantity sen page 87. o Antimoniat lead Is oxcluded; for quantity soo page 88. Dasllverlzed soft lead Is excluded.
* For 1917-1020, average sales price.
PRODUCTION BY STATES.
In addition to the domestic lead ores smelted in this country, small
quantities of domestic lead oro have been exported to smelters in
Canada. In 1912 soft lead amounting to G3 tons was smelted from
Wisconsin ores at Canadian smelters, and in 1913 soft lead amount-''
lngQ0. 7 t(in3 "V1*1 Wisconsin ores and desilverized lead amounting
V? 98 tons from Idaho and Washington ores were smelted at Cana
dian smelters. The desilverized lead smelted in Canada from Wash-
ingtoL? re? am?unted 31 tons in 1914, to 137 tons in 1915, and1 to 2,001 tons in 191G. In 1917 silver-lead ores from Idaho and
Montana smelted in Canada produced 4,570 tons of lead. Ores from Washington yielded 1,388 tons of lead at Canadian smelters in,
1918 and 3 tons in 1919, hut no lead ore from the United States was.
treated in Canada in 1920.
LEAD. man/ lead smelted or refined in the Untied States, 1914-1920, b
Bourco of oro.
mSbs Uc oro: ( Alaska...
Arizona.................... iArkansas .............. California................ Colorado.................. Idaho....................... Illinois o.................. >Iowfto.................... Kansas................. Kentucky ........... Missouri o............. Montana................
Nevada.................. New Hampshire.. New Mexico......... New York............. Oklahoma a.......... Oregon................... South Dakota----- Tennessee o........... Texas..................... Utah....................... Virginia0.............. Washington.......... Wisconsin .......... , Undistributed___ w ZLno residues.
foreign oro: Lp Africa..................... .
Australia............... . - ' Canada.................... ' Central America... Mexico...................
South America -- Other foreign........ -foreign base bullion: 1, Canada................... Mexico................... South America...
5,001 52
3,698 41,198 177,827
427 34 1,043 16 194,275 4,386 * 5,996
741
3,910 17 2
89 88,970
143 2
1,819 99
4,125
534,482
358 6,953
51 5,600 32,352 160,680
910
1,320 96
195,634 4,853 7,664 3 2,167
4,340 11 5 8 111
106,105 467 11
2,632 128
4,662
537,012
659 15,328
170 3,633 33,046 170,059
670
1,737 37
218,253 4,961 11,868 46 3,290
10,969 9 12
28 111,789
740 217 3,121 113 6,478
884 7,456
300 11,471 29,327 174,045
867
2,663 21
218,197 6,933 12,334
3,428
'i9,'64a'
........ 84
58 82,081
147 929 2,930 146 6,489
679,385
2,942 ........2 2,386
1,821 488
21,689
1,1741
5,437 2,829
140
33,173 275
I,231 7
1,917 2,366
236
1,072 II,698
151
1,738
"i'ioo"
7,607 1 633 3,894
8.760 39,508
189
l Grand total.......................... 563,810 680,04 1 615,127 641, 1 The lead produced by these Blatos U nonorgonttfarous or soft lead.
SOFT LEAD.
I'/The lead ores of the Mississippi Valley are alm afad the lead produced from them is known as `
; Soft lead produced in the United States, 1914-1920,
Soft pig lead.
Soft load
rooovered
Undesllverized.
Desllvorlied.
Total soft pig lead.
in pig ments.
111999111450......... 111999111897.........
1920..
158,219 161,461 167.515 188,503 210,463 147,744
189,864
43,606 44,001 68,244 56,268 47,418 67,938 66,668
201,725
205,462 235.759
244, 771 257,881
216,682 256,522
n,9i4 12,782
13,252 12,870 13,093 11,470
16,960
Includes domestic reflned lead, domestlo lead in antlmonia! lead, and
88 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920---- FART I.
ANTIMONIAL LEAD.
The production of by-product antimonial lead from argentiferous lead ores derived from all sources, as reported by all lead refineries: operating in this country, is shown for the period 1871-1914 (the,'/ quantity for years prior to 1891 being estimated from the output of 4 desilverized lead) in a table in the chapter on lead in Mineral Re sources, 1914. The figures for later years are given below.
By-product antimonial lead produced in the United States, 1914-1920.
-1914..
1915..
\m..
1917.. 1918.. 1919.. 1920..
LEAD. Secondary lead recovered in the United States, 1914-1920, in
Lead In Pig lead. allhys
29.337 31,72 36,400 42,50 ' 56,700 ' 39,60 45.100 48,40 41,146 55,05 65,684 66,41 ' 56,350 68,3
Year.
Total
lead roflncd
from
base bullion (short tons).
Per-
ccnlago
of by
product antl-
monial lead.
From
domestic oro
(short tons).
From foreign
oro (short
tons).
Antimonial lead. Total.
-....... -..... -......--
Quan tity (short tons).
Value.
Antimony conloDt.
Short Percent
tons.
age.
Lead
content, by differ
ence (short
tons).
mi n e p r o d u c t i o n .
1914............ 1915............ 1916............ 1917............
1918............ 1919............
1920............
340,397 344,593 335,375 365,998 382,314 266,538
273,135
4.9 6.7 7.2 6.1 4.0 6.2 4.
5.52
15,475 19,371 17,246 15,279
10,777 0,(574 0,604
1,192 3,853 6,792 3,367 7,703 4,200
2,931
16,667 23.224 24,038
18,646 18,570 13.K74
12,535
11,572,167 3,665,736 4,483,582
3,781,660 2,826,350 1,513,068 1,903,255
2,693 3,425 3,496 2,759 2,566
1,943 2,033
18.2 14.8 14.5 14.8 I3.fi 14.0 16.2
14.8
13,974 19,799
20,542 15,887 16,004
11,931 10,502
Fiennes of mine p"rod'fuction for 1907-1918, inclus
pafe 946 of the chapter on lead m Mineral Resourc
Mine production of lead by States, 1914-1920, in s
Details of the production and consumption of antimony in the United States are given in the chapter on antimony in Mineral Resources, 1920.
LEAD FIGMENTS.
Leaded zinc oxide, zinc-lead oxido, sublimed white lead, and sublimed blue, lead aro made directly from ore. Each of these pigments is discussed and the output given elsewhere in this volume m the chapter on lead and zinc pigments and salts. Tho lead content of pigments smelted directly from ore is given in the fourth column of the table on page 87. The pigments manufactured from pig lead (whito load, red lead, orange mineral, and litharge) are also discussed and tho output given in the chapter on lead and zinc pigments.
SECONDARY LEAD.
Secondary lead is obtained mainly from shimmings, drosses, old metal, and alloys, such as babbitt, solder, and typo metal. The recovery of lead, by refining these materials constitutes an integral part of the lead industry.
State.
Alaska...................... Ariiona.................... Arkansas................. California........... . Colorado.................. Georgia..................... Idaho........................ Illinois...................... Iowa......................... Kansas..................... Kentucky............... Maine..................... . Massachusetts........
.Missouri................... Montana................ Nevada.................. New Hampshire.. New Mexico......... New York............. North Carolina... ` Oklahoma............. Oregon................... Pennsylvania..... South Dakota----Tennessee............. Texas....:.............
Utah...................... Virginia................ Washington........ Wisconsm...........
1915
1916
1917' .
28 7.502
41 2,128 37,106
174,203 717
1,409 16
437 10,869
63 2,290 34,405
173,000 954
1,212 251
820 13,531
272 6,204 36,457
187,641 1,072 14 1,648 153
852 11,733
382 10,934 33,695
166,780 1,430 34 3,025 123
192,612 4,828 0,405
7,556 8
75 85.G62
127 33
1,404 522,892
210,440 0,878 8,319 3 2,27}
7,306 31 6 2 1 110
99,984 339 148
2,322
561,641
233,088 6,708 12,819 47 4,107
12,115 14
18
1265
100,745 728
2,700 3,043
622,976
234,156 10,076 13,839 48 4,554
1 26,358
34 2,631
l 89,261
859 4,895 4,139
650,040
90 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1!>20--PART I.
COMPARISON OF TOTALS BASED ON SMELTER RETURNS AND ON MINUS
RETURNS,
production (in !,,*, p,rt exp
IToTM
are compared over a period of years in Hie following table:
\tf
Domestic lead recovered and lead mined in the United States, 1007--1920, in. short tonsfil
From mino reports.
Smelter excess.
Mine excess.
2,704,308 M7,070 530,312 080,225 074,338 502,218 444,260 000,841
0, 440,228
2,903,470 522,802 501,041 022,975 050,949 581,654 443.094 613,533
0,800,817
14,784
190,111 ;
25,329. 42,750 , 70, Ml ^ 19,436
ira
300,589(
t r ad e c o n d it io n s .
WORLD'S PRODUCTION. World s production 0/ work lciult 1913-1920. [By countries where smelted but not necessarily refined, In metric toDs.)
LEAD.
jf.The foregoing statistics of the world's pro ^complete, give some idea of the foreign pro Che figures in black-faced type are taken fr fcf the countries named: those in ordinary typ tical handbooks, consular reports, market let ""here is always a possibility of duplication broduction, for somo countries send "work Iftther countries for refining. Furthermore, s Iliad are included in the figures showing th that to put the United States on an equal fo roould be necessary to include in its produc (of secondary lead and antimonial lead. Th States represent refined lead that was smelte fever the source of the ore.
IMPORTS AND EXPOR
J The following tables are taken from the r tForeign and Domestic Commerce.
''
WAREHOUSE TRANSACTIO
i` Lead remaining in warehouse in the United States, De
Form In which lead was entered for warehouse.
Country.
luiri I'JM
11)18
Australia.................. Africa:
Rhodesia............ Tunis.................. Austria-Hungary Belgium.................. Canada.................... France...................... ' Germany:
Upper Silesia c.. Other Germany. Great Britain............ Greece......................... India (Burma)........ Italy............... ............ Japan.......................... Mexico ............. " ' [ Russia................... '' ' South America <. . Spain.......................... Sweden............... Turkey <>...
United Stutcs (ruflnwi lead).
Known output......... i
110,444 101,788 102,721 184,072 144,950 163,308 88,406
295
<") 24,000 103,480 17,202 28,817
186
() 32.000 70,980 16.631 20,601
26
<)
34,500 16,770 19,740 11,589
<) 30,500 15,600 19,879
24,270
5,028
<) 34,400 22,745 20,709 21,286
8,311 16,638 33.000 20,630 17,005 12,778
10,172
(> (") 53,500 16,143 10,928
13,247 ^ n
B'
16,040 ' .v 13,788.[ I
(a) f'l
41,300 147.000
30,990 18,309 5,951
21,074 3,777
62.000 1,523 2, 729 198,829 1,235 13,900
36,950 143,000
20.000
20,681 10,717 20,164 4,562 23,598
1,080 3, 145 148,524 1,896
1,100
28,750
93,000
10,020 11,596
18,788 21,812
4,704 31,384
935 4, <>67 171,474 1,017 1,100
41,620
05,000 12,980
9,424 11,011 24,862
11,871 19, 960
540 4,267
147,407 2,070 1,100
32,960
53.000 11,014 1,422 17,238
16,287 15,807 46,012
(> 4,571 176,809 8,174 3.000
23,900 18,580
40.000 33.000
11,269 11,458
4,093 3,841
19,880 19,806
18,832 16,680
10,684 6,771
88,603 78,645
() ()
5,268 7,234
169,799 126,721
2,241
827
3,300 1.000
*8,570-
,815 ; 24,198.- *
84,200 ; \ ojiov () ;
800 1 1,000 ;
385,613 472,120 408,056 600,490 511,942 608,702 391,982 440,221..;
219,000 1,153,000 1,058,000 1,091,000 1,143,000 1,178,000 388,000 620,000 \ J
Statistics not available i MJaertmalalgrcystoclftsjucnhoafto(isrityafti^sticaSl 'Ujuibli"eeutionl 21st vol i2i
* Amor, llur. Metal Statistics Year Boole, 1920.
Lead In ore and base bullion.
Pigs, ban, and
old.
New York.
Chicag III.
1014...
1916... 1917... 1918... 1919... 1920...
15,333,064
24,338,933
23,667,358 47,853,945 33,997,822
90,952,684 102,440,326
3,837
1,070,298 6,370, 445
944,483 468.1M 2,044,670
10,309,592
8,401,728 8,576,115 19,016,511
n
94,7 165,
4,732! 4,757,3
$
Not available.
IMPORTS.
Lead imported and enteredfor consumption in the
Lead In ore.
Base bullion.
Pigs, bars, and ol
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Quantity (pounds).
Value.
Quantity (pounds).
Value
< 1014.
1916. 1916.
1917. i1918. ' 1919. * 1920.
6,459,961 $188,749 8,901,649 $301,195 575,290 $12, 2,865,792 96,010 15,496,230 519,355 997,368 32, 10,125,983 368,824 6,242,171 208,277 6,388,097 331, 5,438,931 207,370 6,905,840 470,539 1,756,223 85, 6,064,902 344,080 3,550,071 180,070 1,139,950 66, 4,100,823 196,303 31,700,693 1,130,937 10,174,115 415, 13,700,499 908,019 66,816,820 3,340,600 68,901,959 3,887,8
92 MINERAL RESOURCES, 1020--PART I.
Type metal imported and entered for consumption in the United States, 1914-1920.
Yoar
1014.. 1915.. 1916.. 1917.. 1918.. 1910..
1020..
Average lend content, 1014-1920.
Type metal.
Lead content. ` l til
Gross weight (pounds).
1,500,538 2,708,201 1,102,380
551,794 13,394,803 20,887,353
Valuo.
Quantity (pounds;.
Percentage^!
------- ^if
*46,373 107,007 83,810
35,938 816,042 1,340,495
1,322,188
87.6*1
2,424,300 923,473
87.6 |S 79.4r!
..................M
513, 100 11,000,498
98110ir,
25,761, M3
86.2/i
85.1
General imports of lead into the United States, in ore, hose bullion, and refined, 1914^1920v ' by sources, in pounds.
Year.
Canada.
Mexico.
South America.
Europe.
Other
Total
countries. Imports.
1914 1915 1916 1917.
1918 1019
1020
381,007 2,303,170 12,600,216 11,738,379
28,225,878 10,391, 115 8,199,234
46,282,207
M, 247,384 48,395,670 125,782,759
102,259,199 125,541,614 131,815,278
2,417,744 5,420,567
6,235,758 4,550,460
1,962,124 5, .VM, 410 7, 085,351
4,898,552
217,773 575,759
8,945,899 62,510 80, 840
38,700,504
2,694,293 802,510
2,845,949
5,520,323 4,705,040
280, 142
11,103,100
56,676,803 102,991,410 70,659,352
156,543,820 197,214,760 ML, 813, J27
197,029,527 *
General imports of lead into the United States, 1914-1920, by classes, in pounds.
Year.
Lend in ore (lead con
tent).
Base bullion.
Gross weight.
Lead con tent.
Pigs, bars, fihcels, and
old.
Total lead content.
1914 1915
1916 1917
1918 1919 1920
23,049,037
18,185,140 35,080, 100 41,292, 875 37,070, 340 19, 573, 850
29, 488,810
33, 444, 503
86,247,995 24,943,000 100, 270, 007. 155, Hit), 003 115,317,100
101,476, 550
32, 730, 320 83,086,988 24,262, 435 103,004,970
140,003, 8M> 112,024,518 90,103, G03
290,840 819,282 11,310, 817 11,685,074 10,480,631 10,214,753
71,437,108
56,676,803 r
102,991,410. 70,659,3521 150,643,820r
197,214,7601 ' 141,813,127
197,029,527
EXPORTS.
DOMESTIC EXPORTS.
The high price of lead shortly before and during the World War made it profitable to export domestic lead. Beginning in March, 1914, the exports soon leached large quantities, but they declined rapidly after the war.
Refined had made from domestic ores and exported from the United States, 1914-1920.
Year.
Quantity
(short tons).
Value.
1914.................................................................... 1915.................................................................... 1916.........................................................
1917..................................................................
'
.................................................... .................................................. '....................................................
....................................................
1919............................................ ............................................................................................... 1920............................................................................................................................................
58,722 88,300
100,500 53,688 41,831 10,510 2,730
84, 501,674 7,928,518
13,494,065 9,500,598
6,889,381 1,471,256
462,223
94 - MINIMA I, l!K,SOURCES, 1!>20--1'A IIT I.
PRICES AND VALUE.
At the beginning of 1920 lead for immediate delivery was quoted at 7.75 cents a pound in the open market at New York, but br
Is &~
I2
4
a
i
i
a 3
I
*
LEAD.
cident with large receipts of foreign lead at New Yor on December 21, though the price rose to 4.7 cents by
y<The average quoted price of lead for prompt d
York for the year was 8.2 cents a pound, as compare age of 5.8 cents in 1919. As a matter of fact, for months of 1920 the price averaged almost 9 cents average price as figured from the total sales durin
8 cents a pound, as compared with 5.3 cents a These arc the figures used in calculating the valueo duccd from domestic ores in the United States in th
Prices quoted on lead by the Amfican Smelting <k Refining Co. in 19
Jan. 2 Jan. 3
7. 76 8. 00
Jan. 12
8. 25
Jan. 14............................................... 8. 50
Feb.7................................................ 8-75
Feb. .................................................. 00 Mar. 6................................................ 26 May 7................................................. 8.50
June 15.............................................. - - 8- 25
June 16..................................................... 8.00
July 21...................................................... 8.60
Aug. 12........... Sept. 13.. Sept. 23.. Sept. 20.. Oct. 15... Nov. 8... Nov. 15.. Nov. 22..
Nov. 30.. Dec. 3...
Dec. 20..
The London prico of lead started the year at 45 (7.75 cents a pound, exchange rate taken into a
47 10s. a ton (which was nevertheless only 7.06 c
account of a drop in exchange), and increased on M
a ton (8.25 cents a pound). From this point the t don prico was generally downward. In August, a break in New York prices, the spread between the
London prices was nearly 4 cents a pound. Th began to break rapidly in the later part of October year at 23 10s. a ton (3.7 cents a pound). The the year is given as 38 4s. 7d. a long ton (at the exchango 6.15 cents a pound), as compared to 28 ton in 1919 (5.63 cents a pound at the average rate
The fluctuations in the prico of lead at New York graphically shown in figure 5, which gives curves weekly price of lead in those markets for tho years
As stated on page 85, the value of the output of r
United States from domestic ores in 1920 was $7 average sales price of refined lead, as compared
based on the average prico in 1919, a gain of 70 p
January 6 it had risen to 8.875 cents and by March 8 to 9.5 cents. After a dcclino of nearly a cent a pound it rose again to 9.5 cents on August 16. Later there was a sharp and continuous decline (coin-
224
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920--PART I. Zinc dust prodveed in the United States, 1914-1920.
Prepared " bluo powder.'
Zinc dust "atomized."
Year.
Quantity (short Value.* tons).
Averago selling
Quantity
price per pound.
(short tons).
Value.*
Averagoselling *
price per
1914...........
1915........... 1910..:.... 1917......... 1018...........
1919...........
1920...........
1,001 <184,736
1,755 910,080 2,548 1,097,397 3,980 1,322, 190 4,010 877,171 b 4,083 801,300 (>9,000 2,009,117
<0.092 .208 .215 . ICO
. 100
..101918
01 1,024 2,079
(>2,515 & 2,273
<28,230 012,782 773,740 524,004
512,833
<0.215 .161
.130 .104 .113
6 th. total vaIno material mid durlnc yElr
`'S ` was made materials.
tforotaml osuetcpountdoafrliynetidneiumtinat1e9r1ia0ls3.8.9I.ttnoonn1.s',,922o0f!'""b(,llu1,u7e"9TMr,,toownsdc,orR.f lnin",ed
0'a loos of -alomtal" sine dust dust was made from secondary
ZINC PIGMENTS.
m2? forms th^ l)fe, either in whole or in part, of four white pig,
nJhiiK tKld' Tietd zlnc.oxlde' zinc-lead oxide, and lithoponj?.
Hr.^et ds
P^)dutl0n of zinc pigments and of market condi-
t TRQa,e glVGn ,m *herCMaptcr on lea(l and zinc pigments and salts.
nroh
Cnt,nt ,w e Pigments mado in the United States from
fb?ihKi mestlCofnd forelSn> for the period 1914-1920 is given in
the tablo below. Statistics of the secondary zinc recovered in the
form of pigments are given under the next heading.
Primary zinc content ofzinc pigments made in the United Stales, 1914-1920, in short tons.
....................................................... 70,619
isle:........................................... 79'672
90, 270 1917...................................................... 97^ 573
]o!2.............................................. 102,778
roof).......................................................... 0-817
18*.............................................. 110,696
SECONDARY ZINC.
cSlogSi s"r`?y" TM
by J- r- DunlP' of lt"
State,
Secondary zinc produced in the United Stales, 1915-1920, in short Ions.
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
Secondary zinc, redistilled.......... Secondary zinc, remelted.......................... * Recovered zinc in alloys, excluding old
brass reinelted............... Recovered zinc in remelted brass.'
Secondary zinc recovered os metal...
Secondary zinc recovered in zinc dust Secondary zlncrecovered In pigments. Secondary zinc recovered in zinc chloride *
Totalsecondary zino.
29,764 23,136
5,300 34,375
92,575
8,323 7,860
108,758'
28,770 21,037
2,600 61,700
114,100
8,740 6,319
129,200
10,835 14,565
4,800 80,000
116,200
9,204 6,248
132,000
9,018 17,190
11,082 82,400
120,600
19,748 20,162
6,0G2 62,400
108,400
8,675 7,348
137,000"|
10,702 10,273
130,300
1920
21,371 21,479
7,650 65,000
116,600
1,061 12,870 11,546
141,000
1 See page 221 lor definition of secondary zinc.
ZINC.
BY-PRODUCT SULPHURIC AC
An important by-product of zinc-smelting - o
huric acid mado from the sulphur gases evolve
ulphido ores preparatory to their distillation o
xide or to zinc salts. Sulphur gases from zin
tilized by Matthiessen & Hegeler, at La Salle,
ere are 20 acid plants using these gases.- Th
filocated at zinc smelters, at roasting and magn
it-the mines, or nearer the acid markets, the
eing shipped to the smelters or to other zinCplan
f this by-product acid have been collected by t
her of years, but in ^918 it-was found that so
iOr othor agencies wore collecting figures for a
stopped doing so in order to relieve producers o
of making reports. This decision is to be regr
.Continuity of the record and left only an es
available for 1918. Figures for 1919 were obt
Bureau, but the Survey again undertook their c
rMn the last two or three years the demand f
been stronger than that for zinc, so that cons
sulphur have been burned in order to utilize th
acid plants. This acid made from sulphur has n
ip the table of output given below.
-
T; By-product sulphuric acid made from zinc-bearing
Acid pro
Year.
----
Num Num
ber ber of of
60*-66* Baumd.
com acid
panies plants
oper oper Equivalent
ating.
ated.
quantity in 60* Baum6
(shorttons).
Value.
Average
price per ton.
1914... 1915... 1916... 1917... 1918...
U1092109.4...
i.JL_
11 12 11 15
<*>, 10 13
15 16 17 21
()
14 20
*411,911 <2,974,603
<7.22
*484,942 4,292,493 . . 8.85
*671,585 8,169,651
12.16
*908, 663 11,261, 142
12.39
e900,000
(*)
d 517,92^ <16,360,879 S12.28
790,610 10,674,481. 13.60
* a Reported as 60, 60*. and 66* Baumd and higher strengths, the thrto being converted to 60*Baumd on the basis of H1SO4 content; 60*Baum Balund equals 78.04 per cent HiSO<; and 66* Baumd equals 96 per cent
.5e NEsottimavaateildabbley.H. L. Lewenberg (Price of mineral acids; War Industr
4 As reported by the Bureau of the Census. Add'ofH higher strengt
" : ' - ' -
"
^inc-bearing sulphide ores from which, sulphuric'acid^uias
D
1111;
IS!?;
1918. 1919. rIMO.
.p u
1 A few thousand tons of foreign ore Is included under domestic
-if
.it rr^ : !ra sf
,!H "V?
1 ,/
TITANIUM.
By Fr a n k L. He s s .' :.
.
: ::
PRODUCTION.
/ During 1920 rutile (titanium dioxide, Ti02) iron oxide, TiFeO,) were produced in this coun can Rutile Co., at Roseland, Nelson County, V
Titanium minerals produced in the United Sta
Year.
Rutile concentrates. I
Quantity Percentage (short tons). ofTlOi. (s
1910........................................................................
1917........................................................................ 1918....................... *.............................................. 1919 fl.................................................................... 1920........................................................................
110 96 206 93
261 95 102 94-96 277 94-96
a Virginia production only; Information regarding Florida not availa ^Survey not at liborty to publish figures.
Considerable interest has been exhibited,
last two or three years, in the subject of titan National Lead Co., in its report for the fiscal 31, 1920, makes the following statement as pigments:
The National Lead Co., after a year's investigation, in option to acquire one-half of the outstanding capital sto Co. (Inc.), having a plant at Niagara Falls, N. Y., eng titanium oxide pigment, which it sells under the registe
Titanium is a metal widely distributed throughout form relatively easy of treatment in mineB controlled by ville, Fla. This is a new white pigment. It is very in the hiding power of pure white lead. Before the Nat option it assisted in negotiating a settlement of confl terms of which the Titanium Pigment Co. became the the United States previously owned by the Titan Co hiding power without increase in weight is desired, this very valuable. Its cost of manufacture is still high, b creased tonnage and improved manufacturing methods, its place amongst the best and most marketable white p
The titanium deposits in Florida to whic those of Buckman & Pritchard (Inc.), on th Pablo Beach. At this place ilmenite with sm and considerable zircon is concentrated in st
,,
410
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920---- PART I.
high and low tide levels. As has been noted in previous report?
efforts have been made to extract and market the minerals.
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
No titanium or titanium steel-hardening ores'' wore import during 1919 or 1920. Iho imports of such steel-hardening ores diLa ing the last six months of 1918 were 1,006 pounds, valued at 82211 No separate record of similar imports was kept prior to July 19181
No separate record of exports of titanium, " titanium steel-hardeni mg ores, or ferrotitanium is kept.
TUNGSTEN.
By Fr a n k L. He s s .
GENERAL STATEMENT.
^The only tungsten concentrates produced in the
920 were comparatively small quantities made fr
the Boulder field, near Nederland, Colo. .
'Prices during 1920 were very low, and although t
uoted in the first part of January were 87 a short to
wolframite guaranteed to carry 65 per cent or more
imported scheelite, and $15 f. o. b. mines for domes
prices were merely nominal; the foreign ores could,
12 cheaper per unit, and the $15 asked for domestic
Business, and none was sold at that price.
.>
The hope that Congress would pass a bill placin
tungsten ores and metal kept the prices asked
Rapidly as they otherwise would have done, but C
Without final action on the bill. ; Ferberite from Rafael Taborga's mine in Boliv
Was several hundred tons in New York, sold in t
later for $5 a unit on account of its purity and free
nese. In the middle of December, however, A
uaranteed to contain 65 per cent or more of WO,
Ltirtful impurities sold for $3.50 a unitf. o. b. ea
,ace of a height rate of about $50 a ton and o
brought the price down to nearly $2.50 a unit at t
" Considering these data prices may fairly be said
ifl a unit for good wolframite ores (65 per cent or
less than 0.05 per cent of phosphorus, 0.1 per cen
per cent of tin) and'to have declined to $3.60 at t
f Chinese ore dominated the market during the
jjpited States and Europe, and, in spite oflocal
Irofits, movement through a long distance on lfti
jacks, and steamer shipments over many thousa
sent to England and the United States even unde
and although some who had bought their ores
money, others who bought in China under the low
jnade money even at the lowest domestic market.
446
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1020--PART I.
In 1920, as in previous years, the Rush & Brown copper minq
the largest copper producer in southeastern Alaska, Copper '
produced also at the Salt Chuck mine, better known for its prod' tion of palladium. Relatively little prospecting and no considers
development work was done on the copper deposits of southeas
Alaska. The three largo mines, the Bonanza, Jumbo, and.Mo Lode, were the only producing mines of the Chitina district in 19
and no considerable developments were made at other mines. So! alluvial copper was produced incidentally to gold-placer mining;
the Nizina district. On Prince William Sound theBeatson mine
tho only property operated systematically throughout the y
The most notable advances were mado at tho Girdwood mine, wh
systematic underground and surface work was continued duri
much of tho year. Small developments wero continued atr'
Schlosser and McIntosh mines through a part of tho year.
/
Tho above review shows that the Alaska copper-mining industr
in a rather discouraging situation in spite of the relatively larger
put of the metal in 1920. Except possibly in Prince William So' not much work was done during tho year in opening now ore bo
The falling copper market ana certain local conditions havei
couraged the launching of any new enterprises. Not only will, output of copper in 1921 bo far loss than that of 1920, but prob
several years will pass before any new large copper-mining vent
will bo under way.
' LEAD.
The lead produced in Alaska in 1920 amounted to 875 tons, valu
at $140,000, as compared with 087 tons, valued at $72,822, in 191,
In 1920, as in other /ears, most of the output of lead was a by-prodd derived from tho gold ores of tho Juneau district. Tho increased
1920 over 1919 was derived largely from galena ore mined in/ Kantishna district.
Tho recent development of rich silver-lead ores in tho Mayc trict3 of the Yukon Territory, about 100 miles east of Dawson, started a search for similar deposits on tho Alaska sido of the bo dary, not because of tho lead content of tho ore but because of/ rocent high price of silver. Galena ores are rather widely distribli in Alaska, but no largo deposits havo been found. Ihough so
work was done on a number of Alaska galena deposits in 1920,1 ono mine, in tho Kantishna district, shippod any ore.
* Cockfleld, W. E., The Mayo area, Yukon; Canada Geol. Survey Summary Rent., 1918. pp. 1_
Ottawa, 1919.
.
1
LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND
I
By C. E. Sie b e n t h a l and A. St o l l .
INTRODUCTION.
rom 1884 to 1914, inclusive, the United States G fished an annual chapter in Mineral Resources
neral paints," which discussed the output and natural mineral paints as well as of manufactured ce 1914 no chapter on natural mineral pigments , ed because of the lack of cooperation of some p tistics of lead and zinc pigments, however, have d published in the lead and zinc chapters, res wth in use and importance of these pigments and ithese metals has made it evident that these indu t served by a separate chapter dealing with them. o the early production of these pigments in this
jcompleted, Dut their results will be published in
PRODUCTION.
Lead and zinc pigments and salts are made both, chemical processes. Sublimed load, basic sulpha 'ous lead oxides are examples of lead pigments p ation in oxidizing furnaces; basic carbonate whi ' salts are made ny chemical processes.1 Sublim ctly from ore, but the lead oxides as well as wh ts are made from pig load. inc oxide and leaded zinc oxide are made after th directly from ore by sublimation in an oxidizi e zinc oxide is made in this country by the Fr ich metallic zinc is sublimated in an oxidizing ne and zinc salts are made by chemical processe !"g derived from zinc ore, metallic zinc, galvau ap zinc. Lithopone is made by mixing equiva utions of zinc sulphate and barium sulphide, whic
utual precipitation of zinc sulphide and barium su emica,l1 combination or as a very intimate mixture.
448
MINERAL RESOURCES, 1920--PART I. Lead pigments and salts marketed in 1919 and 1920.
1919 1920
Quantity
(short tons).
Value. Total. Per ton,
Quantity (short
ions).
Value, -i Total. Per
Sublimed lead:9
White.................................. ' Blue.................................... Red lead and orange mineral
Litharco.................................... White lead:
Dry..................................... In oil...................................
Load arsenate..........................
Lead acetate............................
11,049,107 115.69
12,412 2,083,647
1
160,663 119.00
928 153,657
32,
0,314,255 104.21
34,431 7,523,089
4ft,
6,431,301 137.61
02,329 12,386,185
30,
4,845,738 161.07
33,678 6,351,798
109, 21,579,234 197.97 112,017 25,986,100
2,000,341 552,435
301.46 264.07
&
9 Includes basic sulphate lead.
.
t Statistics from Bureau of the Census. No statistics are available for 1920, but boginning with
census will be taken biennially by the Bureau of the Census.
'1
Zinc pigments and salts marketed in 1919 and 1920. a
Quantity (short tons).
1919
Value. Total. Per ton.
Quantity
(short tons).
1920 hi -i-
Value.
Total.
Zinc oxide............................................ Loaded zinc oxide.............................. Lithopone............................................ Zinc chloride, 50 Baum6 9.............
Zino sulphate 9...................................
117,639 20,591,877
27,691 4,009,024
78,365 10,218,850
59,228 4,185,351
2,763
194,436
175.04 145.30 130.40 70.67
70.37
99,444 $17,859,736
30,460 4,467,532
89,373 12,484,925
68,945 4,421,718
3,072
221,582
9 The statistics for zinc chloride and zinc sulphate represent actual production.
SOURCE.
The following table shows tho source of the metal content off lead and zinc pigments and salts manufactured in 1919 amd 192,"
Metal content of lead and zinc pigments and salts, 1919 and 1920, in short Urns
Source.
1919
Lead.
Zina.
Lead.
1920
------ h Zino*
Pigments.o
Salts.
Pig ments.
Salts. mePn1tfs-.o Salts.
pi*. meats.
Domestic ore............
Foreign ore................
Metal.......................... Secondary material.
11,179
351 183,265
4,843 4,843
94,738 2,079 13,583 10,702
3,393
256 10,018
121,102 13,667
15,212 808
215,431
231,451
9 Includes lead In zinc oxide and leadod zinc oxide.
106,257 4,438 16,786 12,870
140,351
LEAD AND ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALT
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS.
lie following statistics of imports and exports nents and salts are taken from the publications reau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Dep
CO. 7
IMPORTS.
he imports of lead and zinc pigments and salts,
TM beforo the World War, dwindled nearly to the
Itfng tho war, but in the last two years they hav
Jir pre-war importance. The irtiports of zinc oxi
|ve come mainly from Belgium, with smaller
""Many.
' ''
; carbonate white lead, red lead, litharge, and orange mineral im consumption in the United States, 1916-1920.
C1, Year.
Basic carbonate white lead.
Red lead.
Litharge.
Quantity
(pounds).
r fi............................. tr..::..... ::...................... ..........
............................
88,617
20,238
608 21,213 169,977
Value.
Quantity (pounds).
8,050 1,965 202
2,490 19,449
20,467 50 5
7,199
23,076
Value.
Quantity (pounds).
5,302 13
1,136 1,789
1,320 100
21,002
Va 2
t oxide, lithopone, zinc chloride, and zinc sulphate imported an fc'11 lion in the United Stales, 1916-1920.
u lit
bear. Fc ITfB >O1*1 '
Zinc oxide.
Lithopone.9
Zino c
Dry.
Quan tity
(short
tons).
Value.
In oil.
Quan tity
(short
tons).
Value.
Quan tity (short tons).
Value.
Quan
tity (short
tons).
Fiif
......... fci.......... lf<r.......... S*...........
447 119
162 105 1,431
181,319 62,649 62,703 44,338 289,890
18 4,076 2,372 414.592 6 876 229 35.718 4 1,043 1 993 3 1,351 744 127,121 14 3,506 1,736 278,267
2 2
98 1
565
phis heading Includes imports of lithopone and "elnc sulphide white." Th J870pounds of "zLnc sulphide white'* and no lithopone; hence the high value
! than 1 ton.
102694--22- -29
450
min e r a l ' r e s o u r c e s , 1920--p a r t i .
EXPORTS.
While lead and red lead exported from the United Slates, 1016-11)20.
White load.
---------------------------------- "?.<
Hod lead.a I
Quantity (short tons).
Valuo.
Quantity (short loos).
Valuo.
1916. 1917.
1918. 1919
1920.
13,718 9,869
7,704
14,017 14,901
$2,137,072 2,089,659 1,756,739 3,037,202 3,105,101
*1,086
2,870 .1,1H 1,532
$267,238 .
662,684 736,177 366,676
* Not separately classified prior to July 1,1917.
* July 1-Dcc. 31, locluslvo.
Zinc oxide exportedfrom the United Stales^ 1916-1920.
Year.
Quantity (short tons).
Value.
1919...............................................................................................
'*
15,446 iij703
Z,148)808
Zinc oxide exportedfrom the United States in 1919 and 1920.
Destination.
Africa.............................. Asia................................. Australia and Oceania
Philippine Islands Canada........................... Cuba............................... Europo...........................
Franco..................... Italy........................ Groat Britain........ Denmark............... Mexico............................ South America............. Brazil...................... Panama......................... Other countries............
Less than. 1 tou.
1910 1920
Quantity (short tons).
Value.
Quantity (Short tons).
Value.
11 684 316 (205) 3,792
96 7,500 (2.206)
(448) (4,351)
(325) 190
1,826 0,370)
152 76
*14,703
$2,865 151,921 92,515 (79.185) 655,743 24,880 1,556, 371 (471,636) (82,804) (871,069) (75,587) 49,300 465,239 (347,187) 38,996 21,446
*3,059,276
() 400 78 (31)
4,924 127
4,108 (230)
0,054) (2,575)
(63) 230 943 (550) 224
70
*11,164
$165 80,288 21,291 (8,047) 888,046 35,592 741,024 (46,020) (187,100) (449,559) (13,019) 58,544 240,664 (139,027) 65,899 20.031
*2,151.544
* Figures in parentheses not duplicated In totals.
COPPER.
By H. A. C. Je n is o n .1
INTRODUCTION.
The production of metallic copper from th consumption requires at^lcast three distinct smelting, and refining. Each of these operatio processes, of which tho preparation of the ore for
the most varied and complicated. The Lake S ores are the only important American source the three operations are not necessary for the
mercial copper. On account of these three ope to determine approximately the production of States by tho collection of mine statistics; refinery statistics. These three sets of statist
exactly, but each set has a peculiar advantage,
of all tlirco accurately determines the essential f industry for the year.
The principal value of the mine statistics is most accurately the geographic distribution o are also the only source of accurate data on the tho copper and prccimis-motal contents of the o which the ore is concentrated before smelting. tity of ore shipped from the mines, but are le smel ter figures in that they represent the estimat content and not the actual recovery. The smelte fair accuracy the geographic distribution of the accurately the quantity of crude copper actual ores, including considerable copper from sulphu ceous ores that carry so little copper that the m
it and frequently do not report it. The smel from the mine figures by the quantity of or materials in stock at tho beginning and at the e
refinery statistics indicate the quantity of co for industrial consumption and the quantity recovered from coppor ore, but do not permit of p. roduction accordin_g to source,. even the seepp according to foreign and domestic sources B refinery figures differ from the smelter figures
stocks of unrefined copper at the beginning and The principal cause of the differences in the f
different sources is the time factor involved in of the production of refined copper, The interv ore is mined until the refined copper i's avai
1 The statistical tables la this report were prepared by Miss Helena M
and exports were compiled from records of the Bureau of Foreign and Dom
both of the United States Geological Survey,
'