Document X7kdEB2BX3on9qV2ybqdepyy4

FILE NAME: CertainTeed (CERT) DATE: 1977 DOC#: CERT051 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Recommended W ork Practices fo r A/C Pipe Castleman.CERT000584 Contents s In tro d u c tio n ...................................... 2 | A sbestos a n d H e a l t h ...................... .3 S um m ary of O SH A A sbestos S t a n d a r d .............................. 4 P roducts a n d - O p e r a tio n s ............. ............................................. 5 j Recom mended W ork Practices ! S hipping, Receiving, H an d lin g a n d A s s e m b ly ...................6 j C utting A/C Pipe C arbide Blade E q u ip m e n t.......................................................7 ; S nap C uttin g E q u ip m e n t.......................................................8 j M achining A/C Pipe i Field L athe--M a n u a l............................................................... 9 Field L athe--P o w e r ............................................................... 10 R asp--M a n u a l........................... 11 C utting Holes in A/C Pipe Shell C utters ............................................................................ 12 Drill a n d R a s p ..........................................................................13 C hisel a n d R a s p ..................................................................... 14 Tapping A/C Pipe N on-P ressu re ................. ............................. .........................15 P ressure .............. 16 C oupling R e m o v a l..................... .17 H o usekeepin g an d W aste D is p o s a l.....................................18 Non-Recom m ended W ork Practice C u ttin g A brasive D is c - D ry .................................................................19 Copyright 1977 by A/C Pipe Producers Association Printed in USA 7'81/3M Castleman.CERT000585 1 Introduction The O ccupational Safety and H ealth Act in the United States and similar laws in Canada and other countries were enacted to ensure so far as possible, every w orker a safe and healthy w ork place. This legislation is far-reaching. It cov ers millions of employees and nearly every em ployer, in cluding those involved in utility duct and pipeline construc tion. In keeping w ith the spirit and intent of these laws, the asb esto s-cem en t p ip e industry is co o p eratin g w ith labor by dissem inating information regarding the potential hazards of exposure to airborne asbestos and the m eans of reducing such potential hazards through good work practices. G o o d w o rk practices is w h at this booklet is about. The recom m endations that appear on the following pages are the result of field testing and were developed through study.* They are intended as general guides to achieve safe and clean job site conditions w hen w orking w ith asbestoscem en t (A1C) p ip e products. Since field co n d itio n s will vary, adherence to these work practices will n o t necessarily guarantee com pliance with national, state or local regula tions. Q uestions relating to com pliance sh o u ld be directed to appropriate regulatory agencies. The A/C Pipe Producers Association believes this booklet will be helpful to engineers, superintendents, contractors, forem en an d laying crews in understanding an d explaining established procedures for the safe handling of A/C pipe products. *Sce "Asbestos Exposures During the Cutting and Machining of AsbestosC em ent Pipe," report prepared by Equitable Environmental Health Inc , March, 1977 a nd "N e w s fiom 1 AC," lepoilmg on a suivcv b\ (lie Occupational Hvgiene Unit of the Ninth of England Industnal Health Seivice, TAC Construction Mate rials Ltd , Eebruaiy, 1977. 2 Asbestos and Health As you are aware, airborne asbestos fiber has been id e n tified as a possible health hazard . Very few things to w hich we are exposed are "zero risk s." But like the autom obile, electricity and x-rays, there arc non-harm ful ways to use potentially harmful things. Generally, asbestos-cem ent (A/C) pipe products contain less than 20% asbestos. The asbestos fibers are not free, but encapsulated or "locked-in" the cem ent binder like rein forcing rods in concrete. The distinction betw een "free" and " b o u n d " asbestos is ex trem ely im portant. First o f all, it determines the probability of fiber release, which in turn, directly relates to the probability of risk. More im portantly, it explains clearly a n d sim ply w h y A/C pipe is a n o n harmful use of asbestos. Experience has show n that m inimizing exposure to air borne asbestos dust is the only effective m ethod of p rev en t ing asbestos-related diseases. Recommended w ork prac tices are the best assurance of providing exposure safe guards for yourself an d your em ployees. Castleman.CERT000586 Summaiy of OSHA Asbestos Standard The O ccupational Safety and Health Act w as signed into law on D ecem b er 29, 1970, an d becam e effective o n April 28, 1971. O n D ecem ber 7, 1971, the S ecretary of Labor issued a tem porary standard for exposure to asbestos dust. As required by the Act, a perm anent stan d ard for asbestos exposure w as prom ulgated six m onths later. U n d er th e cu rre n t stan d ard , it is th e em p lo y er's re s p o n sibility to assure that exposure of em ployees to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers does n o t exceed the fol lowing "perm issible exposure levels": a. Eight h o u r tim e w eighted average: Tw o fibers, longer than 5 microm eters, per cubic centim eter. b. Ceiling concentrations'. Ten fibers, longer than 5 mi crom eters, per cubic centimeter. In O ctober, 1975, OSHA proposed a revision to the cur rent standard w hich would reduce the eight hour time w eighted average exposure to 0.5 fibers p e r cubic centim e ter of air an d ceiling concentrations to 5.0 fibers per cubic centim eter. In their notice, OSHA stated th at a separate "construction industry standard" w ould be issued to cover w orkers w ho handle asbestos-containing products. This w ork practice booklet will be revised as necessary to reflect any changes the construction industry standard may necessitate. The work practices recommended in this booklet are based on data for "peak dust concentrations" representing short time periods of maximum exposure. Field cutting and much ining opera tions involving AIC pipe are normally infrequent and of short duration. Using these recommended work practices, it is improba ble that field personnel would be exposed in a typical working day lo levels exceeding the eight hour time weighted average. 4 Products and Operations Types of A/C Pipe Products covered by these w ork practices include: "Class" Pressure Pipe "Transm ission" Pressure Pipe Pressure Sewer Pipe Gravity Sewer Pipe Building Sew er Pipe Storm Drain Pipe Perforated U nderdrain Pipe Electrical C onduit Telephone Duct Air Duct O perations to which these w ork practices Shipping, Receiving and H andling C u ttin g M achining Hole Cutting Tapping Coupling Removal Housekeeping and W aste Disposal apply include: 5 Castleman .CERT000587 Shipping, Receiving, Handling and Assembly* A 1C pipe is sh ipped clean from the factory a n d carefully loaded using methods acceptable to the carrier. Loading, unloading, stringing out and assembling A/C pipe are essentially dust-free operations. Even in enclosed spaces, airborne asbestos fiber levels from pipe handling operations are far below existing and proposed occupational standards. All h a n d a n d mechanical u n lo ad in g operations should be car ried out in accordance with the manufacturer's installation man uals. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: All ^Exposure data n o teu rre n tlv a v ailab le R e com m endation baced on exposure data ior operations believed to be comparable. 6 Cutting Carbide Blade Equipment Blade cutters consist of a frame adjustable to the circumference of the pipe and a num ber of outboard, self-tracking rollers thatalign one or more carbide-tipped cutting blades. Blade cutters are typically hand-operated. Due to the relatively low mechanical input and clean cutting action, significant am ounts of airborne asbestos dust are not produced. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: 3" th ro u g h 24" Castleman.CERT000588 7 Cutting Snap Cutting Equipment Snap cutters or "squeeze and pop" equipment operates by means of cutting wheels mounted in a chain wrapped around the pipe barrel. Hydraulic pressure, applied by means ot a remote electric or manually-operated pump, simultaneously squeezes the cut ting wheels into the pipe wall until the cut is made. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: Pressure Pipe--3" th ro u g h 24" Pressure, Gravity and Building Sewer; Storm Drain; Air, Electrical and Telephone Duct--3" th ro u g h 36" S Machining Field Lathe--Manual Manual field lathes are designed to end-trim and re-machine rough pipe barrels to factory-machined end profiles. The lathe consists of an adjustable, self-aligning arbor inserted into the pipe bore (which acts as a mandrel upon which the turning handle operates), a screw-fed turning frame, carbide machining blades and manual (hand or ratchet) turning handles. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: All Castleman.CERT000589 9 Machining Field Lathe-Power Pow er field lathes, like m anual lathes, are designed to en d trim and re-machine rough pipe barrels to factory-machined end pro files. The lathe consists of an adjustable, self-aligning arbor in serted into the pipe bore (which acts as a mandrel upon which the turning handle operates), a screw-fed turning frame, carbide m achining blades and electric or pneumatic p ow er drive. A 1C Pipe P roducts: All Size Range: All 10 Machining Rasp-Manual* Short lengths of A/C pipe (MEE's & MOA's) can be cut for pipe closures, repairs and to locate fittings exactly. Field cut ends may be rebeveled with a coarse wood rasp to form a taper approximat ing the same profile as the factory-beveled end. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: All '`Rxposuio data not c im e n tly a\ mlnblc. Recom m endation based on e xposure data foi operations believed to be compai able. Castleman.CERT000590 Hole Culling Shell Cutters For field connections into A/C pipe, clean, even entry cuts may be accomplished by means of shell cutting equipm ent. Shell cutters consist of a hole cutter housing m ounted on the pipe, a carbide or diamond-tipped hole cutter and a manual ratchet, pneumatic, electric or gasoline drive to pow er the cutting head. W hen cutting holes m A/C pipe products, all d u st an d cuttings should be removed from the pipe or duct interior after the cutting operation. Removal may be accomplished by flushing with wa ter, wet m opping or vacuuming prior to placing in service. DO NOT BLOW OUT WITH COMPRESSED AIR OR DRY SWEEP. A/C Pipe Products: Pressure, Gravity and Building Sewer; Air Duct Size Range: All 12 Hole Culling Drill and Rasp* holes are first drilled around the hole outline. The disc is knocked free with a hammer and the edges of the hole are dressed with a coarse wood rasp. W hen cutting holes in A 1C pipe products, all dust a n d cuttings should be removed from the pipe or duct interior after the cutting operation. Removal may be accomplished by flushing with w a ter, wet mopping or vacuuming prior to placing in service. DO NO I BLOW OUT WITH COM PRESSED AIR OR DRY SWEEP. A/C Pipe Products: Pressure, Gravity and Building Sewer; Air Duct Size Range: All 'Expose; c data not cui cntly n\ ailable. Recommendation baaed on cxposuic dala for operations believed to be comparable. 13 Castleman.CERT000591 Hole Cutting Chisel and Rasp Holes may be cut into A/C pipe with a ham m er and chisel. The edge of a plum ber's wood chisel is used to cut completely around the hole outline, about a Vs" from the prescribed line. The opera tion is repeated and the cut deepened until through. The edges of the hole are then dressed with a coarse wood rasp. When cutting holes in A/C pipe products, all du st and cuttings should be rem oved from the pipe or duct interior after tire cutting operation. Removal may be accomplished by flushing with w a ter, wet m opping or vacuuming prior to placing in service. DO NOT BLOW OUT W i l l i COMPRESSED AIR OR DRY SWEEP. A/C Pipe Products: Pressure, Gravity and Building Sewer; Air Duct Size Range: All 11 Tapping Non-Pressure* Non-pressure or "dry" tapping for service connections may be perform ed in or above the trench. The equipm ent is affixed to the pipe by means of a chain yoke. Separate drills and taps or a combination tool drills and laps the pipe wall. Corporation stops or other connections may then be affixed to the pipe. To minimize (a) the fouling of valves, regulators, meters, etc. with chips an d (b) unnecessary addition of asbestos to drinking water, all dust and cuttings should be removed from the pipe interior by flushing with water, wet mopping or vacuuming prior to placing in service. DO NOT BLOW OUT WITH COM PRESSED AIR OR DRY SWEEP. A/C Pipe Products: Pressure Pipe Size Range: All ' Lxposuic data not currently available. Recommendation bused on exposuie data for operations believed to be compaiablo. 15 Castleman.CERT000592 lapping Fressure Pressure or "w et" tapping for service connections is performed in the trench while the pipe is u n d e r pressure. The equipm ent (manual or pow er driven) is affixed to the pipe by m eans of a chain yoke. A combination boring and inserting bar drills and laps the pipe wall and inserts a corporation stop or pipe plug. The pressure chamber, which protects against water leakage, also catches the asbestos-cement chips, so this is essentially a duslfrce operation. To minimize (a) the fouling of valves, regulators, meters, etc. with chips a n d (b) unnecessary addition of asbestos to drinking water, provisions should be made for downstream flushing or use of tapping equipment with positive purge or "blow-off" features. A/C Pipe Products: Pressure Pipe Size Range: All "Exposure data not cuirenlly a\a ila blc . R e co m m en d a tio n b a se d o n e xposure data foi opcKilions believed to be compm able. 16 Coupling Removal Hammer and Chisel* Replacement of damaged pipe necessitates excavation, exposure and removal. Coupling removal may be accomplished by gradu ally splitting the coupling lengthwise, using a chisel andball-peen hammer. After the top o the coupling has been split, a crowbar or similar tool is u s e d as a lever to split the bottom of the coupling. A/C Pipe Products: All pipe with A/C couplings Size RangOe: All ` Exposure data not currently available. Recommendation based on exposure data for operations believed to be comparable. 17 Castleman.CERT000593 7Touspfcoq?ing and Waste Disposal H o u s e k e e p i n g is a n i m p o r t a n t p a r i o) a n y i-a!e c o n s t r u c ti o n o p eratio n . It is even m o re essen tial w h e n airborne d u s t c r e a te d b y th e lack of g o o d h o u s e k e e p i n g h a s th e p o te n tia l for ham s to em ployees or ethers. hQUlPM EN HAH external surfaces of equipm ent should be m ain tain ed free of d u s t a c c u m u la tio n s th a t m ight, if dispersed, create asbestos fiber concentrations above per missible exposure limits. WASTE DISPOSAL: A sbestos-w m ent drips and cut tings from the held operations described m this booklet should be disposed of m a m a n n e r that will not contribute airborne asbestos d u st to the atm osphere. W here cutting and machining operations are perform ed at the construc tion site, the chips should be placed in tire trench and buried with the pipeline. W here operations are perform ed at a central location such as a contractor's or d i s t r ib u t o r 's yard on a m ore or less continuing basis, the ciiips and cuttings may be collected and mixed w et with cem ent and m ade into non-friable forms. These form s m ay be u sed in the trench as sup p o rts for cast iron fittings and valves, as appiopriate. Otherwise, chips and cuttings should be collected in sealed bags or dosed containers im perm eable to asbestos d u s t. Loose material should never be dry neepl W h e n v a c u u m e q u ip m e n t is available, it s h o u ld be used. W ater or o ther d u st suppressants should be applied in those circum stances w here sw eeping is unavoidable. DO N O T BLOW WASTE MATERIAL W ITH C O M PRESSED AIR No visible em issions to the atm osphere m ay result from the collection, processing, packaging, transporting or d e p o s i t i o n o! a n y a s b e s t o s - c o n t a i n i n g m a t e r i a l . W a s t e s should be disposed at a site op erated in accordance w ith the requirem ents or applicable national, state or local laws. Cutting Abrasive D isc-O n * * r M# t: 4t > A ,t ^ ' /' v. >e f ^ &-V,i. ->v,$. , v ^Sasr1':r/ ^V-^ ^ *' * >'0? /; X "*' 0 y.*%" <*., w'S^^4eg^6? Powei driven saws with abrasive discs (masonry blades) should not be used tor dry cutting or beveling asbestos-cem ent pipe. Abrasive disc cutters produce concentrations of airborne asbestos dust which e>eeed OSHA permissible levels." THIS WORK PRACTICE IS THEREFORE SPECIFICALLY N O T R E C O M MENDED. A/C Pipe Products: All Size Range: All not current1}' a - v Ke K'p,anting ctfcct c! local ( " h a w ! vcntilation'dust u " 1'' iK'ii i tjui) n v ! h o; oliidi cn^incciUyt; uo cm u'Iioivi on e.s o l s Ios UIpci loji- ccrdH'iions Castleman.CERT000594 jy A/C Pipe Producers Association REGULAR MEMBERS Asbestos de Mexico Ualnepantla, Mexico Atlas-Turner, Inc. Montreal, Quebec, Canada Capco Pipe Company, Inc. Birmingham, Alabama Certain-teed Corporation Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Johns-Manville Corporation Denver, Colorado Mexalit, S.A. Mexico City, Mexico ASSOCIATE MEMBERS Association de l'Industrie de TAsbeste-Qment Nyon, Switzerland Compagnie Financire Etemit Brussels, Belgium Everitube Neuilly-sur-Seine, France General Mining & Finance Corporation Johannesburg, South Africa Superocla (Pty.) Ltd. Transvaal, South Africa Hellenic Industry for Building Materials Athens, Greece Hyderabad Asbestos Cement Products Ltd. Sanatnager, Hyderabad, India James Hardie & Company, Pty., Ltd. Sydney, New South Wales, Australia Kuwait Asbestos Industries Kuwait ' Eternit S.P.A. Genova, Italy v.V 20