Document X7R7MvqKwON7p7qxadDVaMrrg

" /ll^ptpifMi - 4rFst Bifwet %4ei ----- HSIaBJsa.Ilpimt Wspomttei Ifctiaud toad Oasspssy Jle a - 82, 1961 PxO'/Bc-r , r~ ' " G& 9m a Mr. S. 1. ffeslff m& the vritffip inspected t&e panel por testa ef the da #st PipsBt Plv&e&m- at iliriBgtoBt Bclaves*. Oia Ittm; 22 p' iMp#ottt{ tfce tael es^saaw the fitsaisa Qsggermtias!,. cead-tito otatat|W:'Mta silieate vUtr lead epseoim of .'ihevftatieaal Lead fcsth at Shrill*, teg X&nd, Mm lork. I& mm iaetnoM; m n^asassiaed es^spirea i&iete tew tea r^8rtd la pmtei year mi I miafe instances easpesitims viU tee repeats aaly briefly,, Maias detail ese etalatels Sa ites earlier report* -'';Sr.MtiM'ts#l;i*. dfliteS Sa 'warn, detail t leissg eat parUaeBt'^Mtlattee* Certeia grastel stetaamts W tea asad before prosesdisg vith details ef isdividasl wg> of pMls 1. istte <a Feat d Titaalta Pigaanb 6*pretifla er iacre&eiad ttee ; attetiaa, paid,ip taa-reaeti'r fdgBUtattai*' foaB&stis&s, ie.# ae lead. ev sSna* as .etdto iMiitut end blister zeteUtant palate*. : 2 Sl^sa-FVC-teedied oil hmm palate a*e estabLirita persKtetly as aperf? to. pstawf M# ell lor FTC pedata* 6, la lead emtait la teens* palate decreases,, tendencies tiw^ Bildw tead:iict aelleette iaereeae, and dselte mirtBt titeaixai:' plpmts nasi tee need Utit lacranslmg ceation; da Fwt eod ?PS sxSlm mr ftattegB tteat ee-taed leaded state a? sopezior to aadtalleei 'Heads-ia:]iildMr acetal. 4 Sa Feat reports ffe*t mtile titniae eeldLw need la vfcita hsoH palate <mgte fees its* "wtlle yellowing." te exaaple mg la H 5K . ^ p#e.tte ef ele ca;aBt esfeBd@r i tlatc* ; '^e.aasl estttfeffl*: to m&A tfeir ase of CaCQs vita lover sine eU4 ^teate. t *t*ol .total teasiei^# i Fr^mc^ ;fosailiti tecid-s^tete-*fiou8 paints earn to be patfotUag -Mtisfaetaid^. , N12516 . -a- da Beat Piaamt Divisions BilMlnrtan. Delaware, ' " (a) tShita Rouse Paints (including Lesd-Fre Paints) -. Fundamentally, ear Snsoectiaa' of the satrational. i&ite hss&m psiats revolved around ih nm ot various -titsnlsm pigments, par* m& extended, in three types of pifpuetoitLott1,. asslseS' ly hlgty lew m& m lead coatrats. Is example of the "M# lead* pi^antatim would bet 10/22.5/45/22.5 - fi-Pure IT^fg silie&te/55 leaded siss/baiie eertmate iMts , lead This formula would calculate out to cassials & little total lead, with 0.87 pounds fiOg per gaHea. 3^ The "low lead* content paint was the typical *11-811* ferauletie' of* 15/KI/B5 - Tl-Pur If/SS/l leaded .siao^f silieat Sh "Ti-SSl* formula, of course, figures out to !?.$ leed piguaat, so that em in Post's so-celled "low lead* paint contains ms>r lead than rmt SUP Bex 471, bat is store in line with Lowe Brokers' High Standard Bo. 328 libit. The Tifl* content Is 1.27 pounds per gallon. The: % lead* fotssila was more or less typical' of a lead-free. "fuse proof* pifaeaiaiioo, each ass 17./7.5/48.5 Ti-Pure FF/Aoicular &n/Xg silicate, and sisilsr mriations.- . The fundsmmtsl comparisons were of Pi-Pure FF, free chalking ' snataae TiOs j Ti-Pure. X-CR, send-nonchalklag anataae TiQ2j Ti-Pure R-110 sesi-neacbalking rutile fiOai and Ti-Cisl B-25 rutile titanium calcium (on the basis of equal biding). R-&KJ fi02 was used in some eases. A number of series were inspected ranging from fire years'- mspom,re dumtioa down . to recent series exposed in August, 1BSQ. Be will not discuss every set individually, bat try to bring out the major points established. In graeral, the Ti-Pure FF panels taowed the best self--^Lessing properties, both north and south, were the whitest and bad the best general appearance, tat were less durable. After relatively Short exposure the R-110 panels are ecaevhst grey,' with the R-25 panels definitely gray* At this stage the "low load* paints bold a trifle less dirt than the "high lead,* tat later equalize and even reverse* In the early stages the lead-free paints look good, hut such dirt as does adhere has a spotty character. 0007-SWP-0Q000673'7 Uhfln. these exposures ha'? pnpgassd as much ma three years some vexy definite trends develop. Mildew sad dirt oo3J.ecf.iGS- seen to be mare swere .this year op:,# du Pont panels, than to^g!:p;E%id.oas. .iE--. sgectimsl'-'lllfea aa.'a whole, th# "high lesd series looked better than the "low ...lei' series^ and; fe|?s&, better than, the "-no lead .eerie,, TMe fflessis that differmees ik dirt collection: and mildew aids as between Ti-Fttre: Ft '.e^Tt-GaL R 2S:;"bpoae greater as the lead boateal is'reined. Higher l=d formulas can tolerate bo x *. chalk resistant titanium pig mentations;. This may *0011 explain previous differences in opinion between Hr, Fasig end the writer as to the use of any considerable amiuBts of rutile titanium calcium in white heuee paints. lha S- reduced the lead content.! of St.? doss White to about 102, Lowe Brothers did not do eo. .The da Pont: exposures would indicate, that Lew Brothers can tolerate mare rutile titanium calcium in their -Mbit than esa S-*T before dirt collection becomes too conspicuous. -Also it suggests that1 considerable caution isimdicetea in translating results fm the one fotmLa to the other. There are a number of special-points which developed daring our examination of the du Pont white house paint panels. 1. If half the TiOa in a white house paint is .introduced as anatase free chalking fi08. there is a definite SapToveaaat.ower any of the more chalk resistant forms used 1002. But even with half Tl-Pur FT, Ti-Cal R-25 is gr^p compared with straight FF. 2. dn Pont has found on occasion that Tl-Sel pigsmts can develop the well-known "rutile yellowing.* S. Titanox RC HT is appreciably sore chalk resistant than du Pent's R 25. 4. Ti-Pure f-CR was disappointing. Zt showed a definite tendency to mildew. The R 25 paints looked better than the I-CR or Rr-110 paints. AH -were grayer than the FF paints but those made from Y-CR or R-110 tended to hold dirt end develop mildew in streaks. This concerns us in Rex 458 Fume Resisting White, -which carries the TiO^ as. half 1405 and hclf 2050. 5. Broeker likes a crystalline type of silica such as IX or Bytal 200 L because the particles are smoother and more compact. They are too coarse for good grinding. 6. Most of the substitutions in th various series ware made on du Pont's equal "free binder" approach. This was explained on page 1 of R. R. Bruhn's Inspection Trip Report for 1950. Ue do not agree with all phases of their thinking on this point. 0007-SWP-000006738 \ 7,. It lead-ffes. formulas are eet tig on this basis, very scsacaioal eostjAmsy be ediiCTed using H 503 sine oxide instead of Azo ZZZ-35 end llytal Stfe.L.for '&;! JBIfsilne Low oil' demand nodular tine oxid|s permit higher 170% thin acioalars and': so. far give equal .per- . foaihe. 6. da .Pont .agrees wit* our findings 'feat As ZZZ-55 sin oxide performs satisfactorily in house, paints 9. da Font uses 1/2$ f leeifein in fee grind in bouse paints to improve suspension. . 10. In all eases, fee "oil conservation* vehicles show better clean-up and better mildew resistance than fee paints wife high oil contents. Lead-free paints,1 especially. Should be formulated with low oil contents. ' . (b) High TiQ9 House Paints. _ Tl-Par FP snd blends - Cleaning and Having - As reported previously by Mr. Brute, da Peat has adopted fee technique of catching chalk v&Sh from felts house paints by placing a row of rough red bricks at: fee bottom of each essesure section. Ve are-, now employing th emm technique wife considerable success, and have - com bined wife it a large overfeenging save to emphasize dirt collection on protected areas, as suggested ty Mr. Holton. One group of paints involve fee following pigaeatatiemBs (1) 15/50/35 Ti0s/35$ leaded sinq/iCg silicate 1.27# T10S per gal. (2) 20.9/41.1/38- TiOg/Aeicular ZnO/kg silicate 1.40# * " (S) 20.8/49.2/50 Ti0a/35$ leaded zineAg silicate 1.80# " " " (4) 26/52.2/21.3 TiOa/SSj leaded zlac^g silicate 2.22# " - The (4) formula at 2^23# per gallon is considered as a one coat house paint. The series has been on exposure for somewhat lees then two % years. Th pigment variations include Ti-Pure FF/R-61Q combinations tanging from 100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 to 0A00, at equal hiding end "equal free binder," using pigmentation (1) as the base pattern. The straight FF paints are the whitest, then progressively become more gray as the R-610 ratio increases. As fee Ti0a content is increased, whiteness or brightness improves. Due to the replaceaeat at equal hiding, 1.38 pounds of R-610 replace 1.8 pounds of FF, end 1.7 pounds of R-610 replace 2.2 pounds of FF. As fee amount of R-610 reaches the maximum, fee clean-up Improves but never equals straight FF, even at fee 1.27 pound level for FF. 0007-SWP-000006739 Mow extensive essparissr.s of lead?*eQotelning versus lead-free palate include the foilawiigs ... (1) 0,9/45.2/29.3 TiOs/55^ loaded sine/Mg eilis&t 1.80# 1102 per pi. (2) 28.2/40. S/55 , TUQt/iidealar fetyfcf Miioate X.SQ# * ' <3) 28.1/40.4/SUS ' , 1.9tf - (4) 26.6/40.4/55.0 * 1.62# * Comparisons include straigxt Ti-Pure If sad 60/50 blends of If via I-CR, R-110 sad Ti-Cl 1 25, also an 80/20 dad of IF via &41Q. As before, a Xeai4fr paints show asre dirt end Mite? wita a same ' titanium then the lead containing paints.; In .general, greater chalk ' ' resistance is accompanied ty less washing. 80/20 Ti-Pure FF/ E-63.0 is epproxiiaataly equal to 50/50 TT/Z-rCR in. chalking and washing, hat both ere not as white as straight FF (which shows rather sewers making). This is of interest to ns as we haw had complaints of washing and are' considering 82/16 FF/Sl-5lO for lead eentalaiag waits end 7S/SB for lead free paints. These ratios perhaps staid be reversed. In eoEeeetioEi with'some of taese series, ecnoercial end experiamtel one coat house paints were. involved* One, which w are sure is Beebe's On Coat, exposed on 8-8G-6Q looks dirty ffit this point, while. mother, -which msy'he.Glidd*s, looks better., longer exposures of Bewoe's One Goat 'shows' it 'steps dirty up to S years, than .show spotty dean-up hut starts to mildew. He must'.state that exposures of SHF Gloss Hfcite at three year have a definite yellow east, sad lows Brothers1 High Stated Hhite at .2;years, is in exedlmt condition tat also has a slight yellow east. We wandered whether this erne fro the Oslo'leaded"Mac*- (c) Two Coat Systems - Dursbliitsr This series is mentioned only briefly, chiefly because of the performance. of the top coats over SUP 450 Bnderooater. A top covt with the BTi-SiiR pijpantetien -of 15/50/55 Ti-Pure FF/lffiJs leaded sins/msflaeeim silicate'w eb tested as two- end -tares coats s&f-ptdsed and ever four ammre'i&L ptiaers, oyer a special 12.5/45/62.5 Ti-Pure R-610/352 leaded Zinc/ magseSita Bilieate-tint-tase. paint and over TT-P-25 Federal Specification Primer.' The gmersl conclusions are ae expected: (a) two coat ^etens are not as durable as three; (b) E-610 is indicated as the TiQj to use in primers. An unexpected observation was that the regular top coat performed better self"primed then over Rex 450. du Pent seems to think this is due to a poor panel tat we suspect something else, as Rex 450 usually shows up well against self-priming. References to primers will also appear later under blister and stain resistance. 0007-SWP-000006740 (d) Calcium Carbsnate Extender - Lew Zina Oxide or Leaded Zinc. Oxide lamia J dm Font centimes to sponsor tacs use. of calcium carbonate extenders is bouse paint tints, but tt^r do not reooim&@fad large scale use in whites at this' time.' They ehstf the same isprseemsat in tint reimtion and freedom fra. mildew in, biff and gRje which we ham reported pre- vibusly. In mm past two jeers their interest In C0a .seems to .ham turned toward taldng sdrmtep) of the basicity of this extender end to itedF the advantages f using eelelm earban&t with lower . than awsl zMg oxide contents. la this:my the total basicity sasy be rsstrsiBed .within tolerable. limits. Pigas&taiioH. details are available on request. The formulas on. test range from 2.76 pxmde at sine osd.de per gallon dam to 0.5 pounds. Due to--the higher CPTO (du Pont - "lower, free binder require ments") of the - carbonate formulas, they are fomtlated at from 8 to 15$ higher FTC. The T10s -was increased as leaded zinc or 'sine oxide Was decreased, to maintain: hiding. - . If zinc is redueed'-end replaced with aagresiua sHicate at "equal free binder,8 mildew increases rapidly and. is severe ia.VilmlmgtaB at 5 months at the Q% sine oxide level. If calcium carbonate is mibeti- tuted for magnesium silicate mUdetr resistance is at least' fair ftm at 0$ zinc side. .This'IS;Of interest to us in Hex 472 SHP Mildew Resisting Gloss Whitet whew OeCOg may be beneficial when- cabined Witt-low sine oxide contents to avoid Checking# If we ware to-use.a 50/50! 140S/20SO TiO combination, egpeciellj in low lead or lead-free pijpmtationa (where mildew is aggravated) we might Use .half the extender as Ca&Qg to protect against mildew in bad areas, and lower zinc oxide to a degree. This would also apply to rutile titanium calcium. Rex 456 SUP Fume Resisting Mbit would be a good test paint. ( a) Stain Resistance (sea also (f) below) Previous reports of inspection trips have mentioned dm Font's efforts to formulate stein resistant house paints* In the 1850 report Kr. Brute pointed out that films containing zinc oxide normally have a pH of about i.i. Mildew control ty pigmentation requires that the pH be held as high es possible. In order to avoid precipitation of copper end iron salts the pH must be held below tte precipitation point of 5. There fore, to prevent sere and rust staining, etc. all alkaline constituents met be eliminated - this excludes lead pigaests, sine oxide, calcium extenders, etc. Mildew must then be controlled ty a ftmgicidal additive. 0007-SWP-000006741  .wrap stes a gissup of fl^/negBpsi, gilieat paints rang- tag fr 35 to 55$ TiOs m various tehiclfs, vita pheyl Bereuty ' cffitatata the.:Bildew inhibited tk total paint* fhetaldest expoearns vers put out ia 19# 'bdi 'hero d":;th-vcwifc tsi" b#as dons' during the past two years. * Several of these lead-free altad paints tarn." promise so far -as regards copper end iron staining;(and in dirability self-prised). Aroplaz 1271 is Specially interesting, ilthough other vehicles such m Glyptale 24:75 end 2502, Epi-Tes 147 and 148, end AMta T5-S at Z f6eosi%`s haw given 'good results. Brushing is often a proldea with such paints, du Pont reports brashing as "Stomer Brushing/ which is based on Stomer viscosity* We do not agree with this approach as brushability cannot be. evaluated at such lov sheer velocities. Our wo-wife or. determination of bruEfc&fail- Ity at suitably high shear velocities will' be <eporfeed'.later. However, . da Pont, using their eta concepts of "Stomer Brushing" and "equal free Mader" report that Stomer brushing is improved by (1) use of hlgt oil deatad ..extenders, end (2) redaction of the finished paint vehicle viscosity. (f) -BliBier Resistance dm Past has built a special blister test house on the roof of their research laboratory. The house is about 14 feet-square with the bevel aiding test panels fotsdng the anterior veils. The siding is attached to' csavmtioaaX ..'tasatbdng boards'an 2x4" .studs*' The interior faces of the vails consist of Transit# panels vita four l-l/g" holes drilled 4 inches frua the top end' four hales 4" frsa the bottos of each &etie betwes, the studs. ' Alternate stud areas -are insulated vita a variety of tesulattas' aatsrlals,' tat such comparisons are no longer considered; ia this test. All test panels are caulked to prevent leaking around the edges, sad each test paint is repeated 12 tines over the building at different locations and over .areas vita and 'Without ineulatisa. - The panels wn ' notated.on the test bouse at the tad of October, 1950 and on January 2, 19&L the : conditions inside the, house 'were regulated at 7 F. tad ?Q R.H. -; Shortly thereafter tae vast and north sides were sprayed accidentally vita water containing considerable iron met so beta Ulster, and stain resistance are tasted. Although the ea^esure period is still relatively short, the stein resistant paints of the type described under (e) am performing quite veil, both as to appearance and resistance to blistering. Good blister resist ance is obtained using a Ti-Pure FF-oaprasiun^ silicate pijpaented KLyptsl 2475 paint as a primer. Fair blister resistance was .obtained with a .sineless, primer and (rather surprisingly) vita a Ti-Pure R-410/S53 leaded sdne/ -magaesiun silicate primer, at 40$ PFC. . Regular house paints self-primed show poor blister resistance. 0007-SWP-000006742 ft irdwiasis that, la our own work, TepeJnt studies met fsttmr to establish the t bs ! J^lue of stain \B^blieter msietast paints. The effects of sine pigments is fe ola peiat b rety fMin|r Motes ' Time did not permit ingpeetioa of e^f of tee dm Font tease teste. Titanium Piemeat Corporation. SgHrillt..latlaHL (a) Decreasing. Active Piaaent Satie . This series f paints has bean discussed in teverfel of tee previous inspection reports. The pigaeatetiwe giv in detail in tee 1950, 1949 reports, etc.) Ssvalre pzdBeipaliy profnssi've steps fsm 15/46A9/20 TiOg/$5$ "leaded' .ztafl/BCNMte0Mri&B sdlicat to 15/30.8/12.6/ 41*6 proportions of tec same ingSedioits. la tec series pit out in 1944 (now? jeers4 expos&m)'.tee ptdste made with fitaaos A am practically eroded down to tec woo&rihose and with tee ei-mmehfilklaf Titsncx AA ham such mm paint left on tee surface* Titanox 1A after 7 years still ' leaves full films tefe dirt.collection end mildew are had. . At 5 years a coabinatisn ef g/5 Titmss M end 1/5 titanox A is shout average in con trol of erosion. This series was;repeated at 4-1/4 pound of oil per gallon 3a June, 1950 and all the sspteriseatal paints (using 15$ Tifcaasg AMJ, ' 10$ BA 10 and 5$ A,'-and'15$ RA 10, mspeotd-wly) leak -good.- 8-apple- mantatj tent include Bern# House Faint, white is dirty at year;': Sears, teite is also dirty; and SHF Gloss Uhlt. Ve am concerned about tee. fact teat V shows ewe emteing. . (b) 1949 Interior tlhite House Paint Series This series is fundsnwntally comparisons of TiCh plgneats in two basic pig&ent&tioas in a 4-1/4 pound oil vehicle. - (1) 20/55A5/S0 TlOa/S^ leaded sine/mtL/w&mmetom silicate ( 2) 20/50/50 Ti0s/S5$ leaded sdnc/ma^iesiw silicate The titanium sides am introduced as 20$ Titanox AM0 15$ AMO and 5$ EAHG; 10$ AMO end 10$ EMC; 15$ At and 5$ BA; 1(1$ AMO and 10$ BA. These details ere presented so that reference say be made to thus. in.later jears. At this time (about 2-1/2 years) all tee panels on south exposure look good. On tee north, teem slower chalking UOg is used, gregmess develops, and tee BMC paints show some- mildew. (c) 1948 Exterior.Bhite HoUse Patet Seriaa The first group of tea 1948 telte house paints includes studies of rutile titanium calcium Titanox ROOT in a conventional high oil pre war vehicle at 89$ FTC end in a bodied oil -vehicle at 33$ FTC. The pig mentations 6T all lead-free, ae follows: 0007-SWP-000006743 aEaXCTKIflSJ^SJ.EE5SSBfiSt. '^ Cl) '80/SSAS' BSKT/zinc oxMe/ms^iesfsw ailiemt (2) 50/50/20 // (5) ' 85/5/55/25". BSSff/fitfses M/s$&G xide/m^pesiu silicate (4) Ws/m/m /. /'. B , the south vertical Bpkm @f the oil paints Show pieaeat&tSsa. (l) to fee somewhat giray, (2) i mildew (lowr sine side), (3) better appearance. sad (4) tiffis mildew, the .north espaeures ell mildew, (5) least, (di-newt, (llqmxt, and (2) vety bad. When the seme pigmentations Were"used in the Iswr oil content .bodied @1 paints at 33$ PTC all bed better Eppe.rsi:;;,ce md mch less mildew ten'the corre sponding paints at 2S$ FTC. fids duplicates the dn Pont experience that lead-free paints should fee? formulated with fee "oil conservation1* typs-of vehlel, prsfesfily stea better at SS$ FTC then at 33$,- end the.. pounds of steo omide should be ;:aEisfcaiEed at. the proper, level in rela tion to fee oil. The second group of 1941'white house paints is somewhat similar to fee first but wife fee titanium ptgMnts held constant and leaded sine or sine oxide decreased progressively, increasing extender proporjdanatdiyt #32 at 55 PTC, as fellows' (1) 55/10/45AO BCHTAitanox lAsaded sne/aag&egiTaa silieate (2) 5SA0/40AS "/ / / " (5) 55AO/50/25 . / , " /sine oxide / B (4) SSA0/2S/S0 " / K / B / * j In general, the first three pigmentations look good, both south end north exposures.' wife (1) farored, (5) showing slight cracking on south exposure. (4) shows mildew on both south end north, as fee sine oxide content is to lew for a lead-fres formula. - In fee series of 1948 sassaereial feite paint ensures SIS' Close White is atowisY very fine cracking on south exposure on cedar and white pine, three coats self-primed, rational Lead1 a Ho. 110 White shows fine checking and cracking on south exposure,.Sears has a yellow cast and cracks, Deroe'e regular 547 White has a yellow cast and Devos's One Coat (over MW-1178 Primer) is yellow, has mildew and cracks, Huhide cracks and mildews. Puller's 2015 White still looks fee best of fee series. Lead-in-oil is eroded on fee south and cracked on fee north. 60/SOAO BGWL/J&-2 zinc crd.de/magnesium silicate checks and cracks on the south and ia very dirty on fee north. 0007-SWP-000006744 <a) The first group consists ef lead-free pigBeataiiens using calcium carbonate as half of the extender, at SgS FTC, 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon, as fellow (1) 15/25/30/30 Titaaex M/slme exide/Eiaesiss& sillcete/eeleium carbonate (2) 15/30/27.5/27.5 */. / / (3) 15/35/25/25 / / 9 / ' (4) 20/25/27.5/27.5 / * / / 111 show some mildew both on south end north exposures except (3) which has the highest sine oxide content. In supplementary exposures a pl@asata.tloa of 1/5 RCHT-l/3 leaded sine-i/3 mapiesim silicate is showing definite "rutile yellowing." , A series of 1947 vehicle studies requires no special analysis at this time except that two out of four paints earning Brigsy show ' cracking end flaking at 29? PW (as does a 94? refined linseed, 6? 2* bodied linseed paint) A conventions! leaded siac/teOffi/EiOs/mgaesium silieate paint with 20? magnesia treated linseed oil still looks good after four years, and the initial fine flow is still evident. (e) TPC Basic Silicate Vhite Bead Paints The first group, put out in August of 1945 and now almost six years old, has a 15? Titaaox A/45 NJZ Ho*. 6 leaded sinc/U B01E,/ 20? magnesium silieate plgsentetian at 29? P7C as the guide paint. When National's 45. I replaces the basic sulfate white lead only fay relume there is some checking last sore paint is left than on the control, s&ids is eroded badly. When 45 X replaces BCHL only there is checking end cracking end the ease applies to a complete replacement of both lead.. carbonate sad sulfate but in all' cases the'45X paints retain mar film. When thq lead 1ft resowed, ZZZ-35 sine oxide is used, and therefore dura bility suffers when a ca-umed leaded zinc is replace ty a mechanical mixture with lead-free zinc oxide. In the 45 X paints put out in 1948, the first comparison is of 15? Titanox A/38,5? leaded ziac/15.7? BCWL/30.8? magneaium silicate in a pre-war vehicle at 29? P7C- end a parallel in which 45 X replaced ell the lead fay volume. The 45 X paint shows less erosion and less cracking. The second comparison of the same pigmentation at 33? P7C using a bodied oil type of vehicle, shows both paints improved but the differences are the same. 0007-SWP-000006745 -ai- k series was. pat at is 194 starting vith the basis piprntetlcn.of SO? 45 X/2Q? Titsnax: M/5^ magnesium silicate. Then 5?, 10? end up td:: sjiic aside' ms introduced,, replacing 45 X Beth south sad north exposures allow that IQ? end upwards of sine oxide controls mildew end, the reanainini prints stay clean end white. (f) Tint ~Bese Paints The first. group' of -tints examined we put.out in June, 1948, in buffs and greys. The pigaentatiens- totty 13& Titanox EMfC, with zinc oxide rengihf from 20? to 50$.' The extender is. idLl eaXeiina car bonate (from 68? dm to 88?) except In one instance, where the extender is half calcium etateaai and half magSttMai* sillefcte, # weight. The latter pif&wthfcim is more -faded than the ethers* Ml are better at 33? FVC -than at 28&* . There is considerable mildew at the lower sine oxide levels, -which decreases as the,sine is raised, tot fading iacraaseB in the same order* TPC reports that the calcium carbonate paints are gritty and tend to 'settle. A second group of tints put tot in 1948 are based-on rutile titanium calcium Tltanox BC, as follows (1) 30/80 m/ 58? leaded sine (*) 50/40/10 " / n / magnesium silicate (5) 30/40/30 . - / (4) 20/35/45 / "/ a/ * These were ground at both 29? and 33? FfC. While the higher FfC'a are superiOT to the lower, there is not the usual spread, as leaded zinc seems to upgrade and level the performance, especially control of mildew. (4) is an exception, showing very bad mildew at 23% PfC and no mildew at 33?. A group of tints put out in 1949 are divided into two sets, all at 23? PfC. The first set carries 20? BCWL while the second carries 12.7? basic silicate white lead. The extender is calcium carbonate, end zinc oxide varies from 20? to 38?. The basic silicate paints are some what better in tint retention end in control of cracking and mildew. (g) Lead end 2ino-free Paints JPG is also having some interesting results with formulations carrying no reactive pigments. This is relatively new work, the oldest panels now on exposure for one year. These are two coats self-primea and still look good. The pigmentation consists of 3 pounds of titanium oxide per gallon, half Titanox BA 10 end half Titanox A 168, with magne sium silicate as extender, in the ratio of 60/40 TiOs/magnesium silicate. 0007~SWP-000006746 The :vehicles vary la aatarey bat may be covered.: If the statement that 100$ sulkyd similar to. SSLS( gives the besf. results on espdisBre, aittou^ braehirig qualities should tef improved. Uhea ease oil i used with the eHy& dart a^-'iBildfwidimil^pi^ia^ with nil odLI^1 '4b*^'|^uEzlit^'wKladMm' ted ..practically erode away in,Otte:yekr. - A. second set ip now I months old* flip son-reactive pigatet 100$ allsyd vehicle paint is whiter Bd deener th & eb&ventional house paint.of the same age* Fyri^l sagsunda used aa fungicides to prsvmt. mildew. when oil .fa,,added sot v|y eeepsfial A. very .interesting point wap the eaperler performance of a vehicle with the binder 75$ allayd and 25$ Chlerowax TO.'' This vehicle showed excellent eonirel of penetration. . It looks best of the group at this stage, jmdk superior to a straight oil bShdec md better than oil plus .Cblorowsx 70., The Girderwax is ground in; with ih pigaemt. This eamMnaiiea of eU^fd plus ChleroMEix ifiieuld be tried in trim peimte, jpr&ciie mieastiv ' finishes, Iballstia colors, etc. As mentioned in the dlseuseisa of da Pant's Stain resistant paints, the TPC nen-reaetlve pipaeai*d paint should b tested es repaint work to detessifi the effects of sine pigmsts iirth old. paint films. Rational Lead Cemngfflv - Sawille. Hew forte (a) Basic Silicate Hhit Lead 45 X The Rational head panels of the basic eUicaie white lead house paints which were femmfLsted for cooperative etady with S- wet examined after three years' exposure south and north vertical at Sayvlile. Three methods of substituting *5 X Basic Silicate White tead and 12/88 ' leaded nine for 55/55 leaded sine in SHF Gloss White and buff and gr^ tints were employed* A. line oxide replacement by equal poundage, lead by equal volume. B. Maintain 55/65 lead/sine retie, replace on total volume. C. Same, but replace on total weigit, adjust volume with extender. In certain instances involving method A, the sine oxide level was reduced from the regular 52$ to 25$ and 20$, and in another variation, zinc oxide was introduced as Aso 2ZZ-55 instead of leaded zinc* A rather detailed description of the purpose of the test, the paints involved, and the condition of the S-W Chicago and Florida panels after two years' exposure appeared on page 25 of the Paint ResearchReport of Investigations for March. Because of the length, these details will not be repeated here. 0007-SWP-000006747 . a specie! ejasdnetien of the Chisago S-W panel's in' this set was ms.de in June jest prior to the inspection of the Rations! Lead panels.' TW.J^chga: panels'had slab beeh. out three yeans et this point HI`the Chichi^:'pabaHI fehil. Mattrhly ioodt with o;mjr ds-iletimi. The same general comments apply to National's exposures*, The performance,.-of practically aH the paints wguli b rated me .good, and' in-dur opinion,. ^sosewhatr eapsricr te the i^eagf tha; of Bat&hel;. ejsppskres. If there were esy adrtotei it would, faros* the paints with ..basic silicate whit lead. ; Si lower sine esdde paints were Inferior . jin control of dirt end mildew. The pssie! csstiE on e^0EU.r, ' As usual, Mr. Fasig end the writer were extended eweigr eauste^r hr du Pont, Titanium Pigment Corporation and the Rational Lead Company. These Inspection trips continue to he imfessaiiw end helpful. m:AR H. fm LOO Director of Paint Research 0007-SWP-000006748