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528
CHAPTER 22
1954 Guide
Table 3. Heat-carrying Capacity of Type L Copfeb Tubing
with Tempebature Drop of 20 Deg*
Nominal Tube Sizes 1 in. to J) in., and Friction 60 to 720 milinches per foot. (A = Capacity, Mbh. B = Velocity, inches per second) (One milinch equals 0.00! in.)
njr.......TTpyrnfm T.nas per Foot op Tube
Nominal Tube
Sue, In.
720 600 480 360 300 240 180 150 120
90
75 60
n H 1 :m m 2 :m 3 3tf :4
A B
8.9 23.6
7.8 20.8
7.0 18.6
5.9 15.7
5.4 14.4
4.7 12.5
3.9 10.4
3.6 9.6
3.1 8.2
2.7 ` 2.3 2.1 7.2 6.1 5.6
A B
16.7 27.6
15.0 24.8
13.0 21.5
11.2 18.5
10.0 . 8.7 ; 7.5 16.5 14.4 12.4
6.6 10.9
5.6 9.3
5.0 8.3
4.5 3.9 7.4 M
A B
29.0 32.2
26.0 28.8
22.5 25.0
19.0 21.1
17.5 19.4
15.0 16.6
13.0 14.4
11.5 12.8
10.0 11.1
8.5 9.4
7.6 6.7 8.4 7.4
A B
43.5 34.6
39.0 31.1
34.5 27.5
29.0 23.1
26.5 21.1
23.0 19.6 18.3 15.6
17.5 13.9
15.0. 13.0 12.0 10.4
12.0 9.6
10.5 8.4
A 93 B .. 43
84 39
74 34
63 29
57 27
50 42.5 23 20
38 18
34 28.5 16 13
26 23 12 11
A B
160 145 128 107 49 45 39 33
97 3
85 26
73 22
65 20
57 48.5 18 15
44 39 14 12
A B
260 56
240 206 52 45
175 160 38. 35
140- 118 30 26
106 23
93 20
79 17
71 62 15 13
A B
560 70
510 64
450 56
380 : 340 47 42
300 37
250 . 225 31 28
195 24
170 21
150 133. 18 17
A B
1100 89
930 75
820 66
700 57
630 51
550 . 470 44 38
420 370 34 . 30
310 25
280 250 23 20
A B
1650 1500 1300 1100 . 94 85 74 62
990 56
860 49
730 41
650 37
565 32
480 27
430 375 24 21
A B
2500 105
2250 94
2000 84
1750 73
1500 63
1320 55
1100 46
1000 42
860 36
730 31
660 580 28 24
A B
3600 3200 116 103
2800 2400 90 77
2150 69
1900 61
1600 51
1440 46
1250 40
1150 37
950 840 31 27
For other temperature drops the pipe capacities
by"^5"' For example, with
temperature drop of 30 deg the capacities shown in this table are to be multiplied by .0.
spectively. These figures would also illustrate forced circulation if a pump or circulator were shown in the return line at the boiler.
One-pipe gravity systems require very precise design owing to the small
circulating head available. Also, circulation in them is slow, and tem perature drop is large toward the end of the main, and consequently these
systems are usually considered impractical. One-pipe forced systems compared with gravity systems provide more
rapid circulation, with consequent smaller temperature drop in mains and more uniform water temperature in all radiators, and are therefore preferred. Special flow and return fittings are available for improving the
circulation to risers. Two-pipe systems have separate flow and return, mains. If the return
main is direct as shown in Fig. 5 the radiator at the end of the system has
nza (03, [G3-.
tbl
Fig. 4. One-Pipe System
. Fig. 5. A Two-Pipe Direct Return System
Fig. 6. A Two-PirE Reversed Return
System
Hot Water Heating Systems
529
Table 4. Friction (in Milinches) of Central Circular Diaphragm Orifices in Unions
(One milinch equals O-OOl in.)
Diametxbop Obotces (Inches)
Velocity ,o Wates in Pi?b in Inches peb Second
3 | 4 . | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 24 j $8 '
M-in. Pipe
0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
1300 2900 5000 11,300 20,800 32.000 45.000
650 1450 2500 330 740 1300 170 380 . 660
185 330 155 75
5700 10,400 16.000 23.000 57.000
2900 5200 8000 12.000 28.000 47.000
1500 740 350 170
2600 1300 620 300
4000 2000 970 480
.6800 2900 1400 700
13,000 6500 3200 1600
24.000 12.000 . 5700
2800
53,000. 27.000 13.000
6400
l-in- Pipe
0.35 0.40 0.45 ' 0.50 0.55 -/0.60 0.65
900 2000 460' 1000 270 570 160"' " 330
190
3500 ` 1800
1000 580 330 200 120
7800 4000 2300
1400 750 440 ' 260
14,000 7200 4100 2300 1300 800 460
22,000 12,000
6400 3700 2200 1300 720
32.000 17.000
9300 5400 3000 1800 1100
37.000 21.000 12,000
7000 ; 4200'
2400
65.000 37.000 22.000 13,000
7400 4300
50.000 28.000 17.000 10.000
1%-in. Pipe
0.45 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75
. 1000 660 430 280 190
2250 1450 950 630 420 . 285 190
4000 2600 1700 1100 750 510 330
8900 5800 3800 2500 1700 1150! 750
16,000 10,400
6800 4400 3000 2000 1300
25,000 36.000 16,400 23.000 10,500 15.000
6900 10.000 4700. 6700
3100 4500 2100 3000
53.000 34.000 22.000 15.000 10.000
6700
60,000 40.000 27.000 18.000 12,000
60,000 40.000 26.000
0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85
1^2 in. Pipe
850 1900 3300
7400 13,000 21,000 30.000
600 1300 2300
5400 8600 16,800 21.000 50.000
400 260 180
850 1500
3600 7200 10,400 14.000 30.000 53.000
600 400 300
1100 760 540 `
2600 1800 1200
4400 3000 2200
7000 . 5000
3200
10.000 7000 5000
21.000 14,000 10,200
39.000 28.000 19.000
45.000
200 380
860 1600 2300 3000 7800 13.000 30.000
2-in. Pipe
0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00
1.10 1.20 1.;
890 1850 470' 975 255 . 560 160.. : 340
214
3500 1800 1000 610 375' 195
7400 3900 2200 1320 850 460 275
14,000 7400 4200 2520 1600 950 525
22,300 11,700
6500 4000 2500 1360 980
33,000 17,000
9500 5800 3700 1910 1375
37,000 20,500 12,500
7900 4200 3100
38,000^ 23,000 14,000
8100 4400.
49.000 30.000 16.800
8850 .
- --<= lusses oi Bead tor tne orifices in the lM-in. and 2-in. pipe were calculated from those in the Pipes, the calculations being based on the assumption that, for any given velocity, the loss of head function of the ratio of the diameter of the pipe to that of the orifice. This bad been found to be prac-
wcauy true in the tests to determine the losses of bead in orifices in in., 1-in., and iK-in. pipe, conducted y the Texas Engineering Experiment Station, and also in the tests to determine the losses of head in ori-
.... ,Q 4~in> 6-in,, and 12-in. pipe, conducted by the Engineering Experiment Station of the University of "not*. (Bulletin 109, Table 6, p. 38, Davis and Jordan).