Document VjD94apZYb39zr7Dddrw9LBr8

$ CONTINUED y i % Tips on Buying and Making Power SKINNER ENGINE COMPANY Etta, Pennsylvania Manufacturers of High-Economy Slaem Engines Exclusively Soles Representatives In AH Principal Cities Today's decision to make or buy power, or do some of both, sets the mold for your future operating costs. Extra time and energy spent now pay off with reduced costs in years ahead Study Heat Balance Before Modernizing .1 , i lk j la matt ploati o hookup Ilka this It Impossibly weitofvl, tea's ba vied Good eely It ctitrel ttotloai and la vary big Indvitrlal plant* Ideal where attainable. Cael utad It aaly about Vc lb pr kwhr produced P(or |ab whore power load It tea high fa be ganoratad entirely at byproduet at proooM Cffoctlvo, gate all th power out at stoat* atponded to teveral dllierent preeeit level* Cempremlea heehup tor one above whan former cannot produce the foil power needs of plant If your plant now generate* power there is any possibility it should,'e* plorc the whole matter thoroughly fe' lore spending any money on modara. ization. The decision to make or bay your power, or to buy psn tnd arte part. Is basic; mistakes here cso'bt costly and can hamstring future profits. Make a Jvrvey. Plot typical dailyload curses for process steam (laetodlog heating steam) and for eleetrieijj,, for each season. Next, iry to project these curves into the future. Then study various ways to supply L the electrical load--by purchase, * by * steam units, by internal-combustion tn-1 gines, and by various combinations* of these. For each method, figure the total combined yearly cost (Including feed charges) of feeding the entire eleetrfcil load, plus the entire process and best' ing loads. Logically, the chosen method e( upply will be that with the lowest ovet-sU cost. As a practical matter, purchwed, power will normally be favored wbeooter it is near an even break. But thtte will be situations where big savings eta be made by generating part or si) si the power load. This is most likely is occur in plants with heavy and faMf steady requirements for both process steam and power. Paper mills ire se outstanding example. Power mads ** a partial byproduct of process stesa is the natural choice In many such ex* Byproduct Power. Studies of si6*' generated power shoald not overlook the possible fuel savings from higher steam pressures if present throttle P1* sures would allow much stesm to witte to exhaust or condenser. Finding the ideal combination lor an existing process plant is a complex cost* ter. It may pay to carry o much high*1 pressure on new boilers, operating plant at two different pressure In***1, Often, also, it may pay to carry two *t. three levels of process pressure. Otto (Continued on poge 73) *`ffKtvBX3AL Unaflow" Poppet-Valve Stationary Stbam Encinbs, horizontal, side or center crank, imilti-cylluder vertical/automatic or variable-speed, special controls as required; StbaM-Ticht-Valvb rvunrrBRJ,Lw Stationary Encinbs, horizontal, side or center crank, automatic or variable-speed; Skin* Unaflow Stbam Encinbs, poppet-valve,'for ship propulsion. ..* "UbItvtwI Ussft**" Dlr**1 a****1 vc?om*4 m to too k>. lSajtmaUCl uTMn*tt"dOai*lToVrieitsaJWt-Bp**t " ' cwnnur n to tioo hp. VirOul Maria* Oasflo* DH* PofflS brtvo > h*. Vcrtlul Marina Oooflow Prooutdeo BafMo SMtotQMhp. EXPERIENCE Builders of engines since 1888. Our plant is the largest in the United Stiles devoted exclusively to the building of steam engines; and the Skinner organi zation has justly acquired the reputation of being steam engine specialists. THE "UNIVERSAL UNAFLOW" The "Universal Ueaftow" was the first American poppet-valve unaflow engine. More "Universal Una flow" engines have been manufactured than all other American unaflow engines combined. ADAPTABILITY Suitable for norteondensing or condensing opera tion. with automatic change for either condition. Also may be built for constant or variable back pressures; medium or moderately high initial pressures, saturated Vortleei Tt*o"0*Si***sl UotU" 0&* --------- "A or superheated steam. MAINTAINED ECONOMY Maintained economy it guaranteed, and 1* due to patented design' of the poppet inlet and auxiliary exhaust valves, which are steam-tight after long use and under any variation of steam pressure or tem perature. Steam consumption guaranteed subject to penalty test after six months' operation, with final payment withheld until after test. GUARANTEED SAVING CONTRACTS Because of the high Initial and maintained economy of the "Universal -Unaflow," several hundred con traaccttss Hnaavvee k vertical, boreeeeepnni'e-emnufwna*gudecpwuricthhast-h-e-ed-s--epn_os_etw_nw_gee_irnr_e_oOs_r,_r _hoo_ott_hhr_ieez_orr_n_ee_tnan-l gines. payment being-made out of savings, in a guar anteed maximum lime. HORIZONTAL ENGINES In general use for direel connection to electric gen erators, refrigeration equipment, compressors, blowers, pumps, etc. Special manual or automatic controls lor variable speed and load requirements. VSRTICAl ENGINES Por limited space conditions, the stationary "Uni versal Unaflow" is offered in multi-cylinder vertical type, embodying the same fundamental economy and design features as the horizontal. Multi-cylinder ver tical "Universal Unaflow" assemblies also extensively used for variable-speed compressor drive. THE SKINNER MARINE UNAFLOW Vantent "Ori*rut Drirfaf V*rt*M*-8r#* C|tla*r* STEAM ENGINE The vertical engine U used extensively for river tow boats, passenger terries, automobile and freight ferry boat*, lighters, suction dredges, harbor and seo-going tugboats, Great Lakesore carriers, and on various types of ocean-going passenger and cargo vessels. Skinner Marine Unaflow engines have established remarkable records for reliability.simplicity.flexibility, maneuvera bility. tow maintenance and fuel-saving compared with Tvm 'Oai**r** Onaftev" Dliici Ceoateted tB VuUMt-Swri Cempraa*** . MO to 3000 hp. other marine engines. STEAM-TIGHT-VALVE COUNTERFLOW ENGINES Over 11,000 Steom-Teght-Velve Counterflow En gines have been placed Tn service, In nearly every kind of industry.. Maintained economy insured by use of self-expanding telescopic valve which follows up its own wear; guaranteed permanently steam-tight with proper lubrication. Center crank type in capaci ties of 76 to 176 hp. (00 to 125 kw,); side crank type, 175 to 6S0 hp. (125 to 350 kw.); tor belt drive-or direct connection to generator, compressor, etc. Castor Crash Direct CanoatU4 Cooattffieo IT PAYS TO MOOIRNIZK fOWII Mid-September, U1 Mid-September 19 63