Document VjD2pm8jOM7Rm4kVdZGgqrbXj

^contract construction^ issue l 19M -i UNIT ED STAT EES GSYPCSUM.. _ -r ^ -.;; t_- `'^'^ivVJ'ganaral contractorv: -.'Hs/Jt'.'r >. PutWishad quartarly by UnJtad States Gypsum Co*-^`' ... \ -r v y.' 101 S. wackar Or., Chicago, ML 60606 ^T." GEORGE E. HARPER. Editor ------ - , -c" ' 0. I. PANAMA. An diractor *T.:V:. /?.' `T ` " .. ' NOTICE: Tha following tradamarks ara ownad and/or ' vir :* registarad in tna Umtad Siatas Patent OHica by Unitad magarina*. .'. Statac GyptaouomaaCigonmaptaanpyroadnudctasramuasnaudlatnctryoruagonooyutttnnuia . company: AURATONE (ceiling panais); ACOUSrONfc tcoutt*cl tiia); AIRSON (air distribution systaml- PTROFILL (roof deck); FIRECOOE (piattar). _ ^ Photograph* in thia issua Oy: Hadrlch-Blaraing, '* ' * in Cherlas Pearson. Edmonds. Wash.; Robert Lautman, . .* :wasnmfton 0. C.; Dick Hutnagie, Lincoln. Naor.; %C??^-..Clyoa May, AUanta. Ga. -. ''vy/'A-.' Copyrtgnt 1966. Umtad Statas Gypsum Company: i J ' ,, i - FULL INFORMATION aDOut tha many products ^construction manutacturad by Umtad Statas * v ' Gypsum Company is availaDIa Irom ina naarast . o# tna lotiowng district otticas or from your * . local Umtad Statas Gypsum salas raprasantatiwa. ALABAMA . ` . 5,rmmgnam, 871-6136 . ' ' :`"4. ARIZONA . ' Phc-eniK, 274-5461 '' : "Lii.'CALIFORNIA ` : - rfTj&iJ- Frasno, 233-1102 . Lot Angalas, 388-3231 .. Los Angatas (So. Call!.). 665-5721 San Laanoro. 569-3020 Sacramanto, 443*1989. I; ;-:.'*.*, floridaw-m: v/.^.;^:r,~Jack*onville,'359*1628 '.j . V-T'.'.-V?''' North Miami. 754-4553.?.' ' -'..ii.: GEORGIA,-r.1'. - . .*'Vr-.'`:`' V-:.' ' I v.-. ' fi'Tjis AflanU;231-3180^* . .7lUJNOlSi^;-' .'* : :. I" . c."` ' Chicago* 321-A10QLTTV:/.r-.t* C.%. ___ - jVs^-v P*na; 682*5478*;'. -Jr* . *.-'* y.'.%IN0IANA^v.?vC-:' ' **< '*<r;^^lndUnapoUZU 6^77srv^<;r/-r. * ;*; p.. . - .: KENTUCKY*-'' .ju^.V. '' , ^^'v>-Uu,,vU1* 89S-9478>w^. .'.. i . > 'X'&fr'ii LOgiSlANA^-t:r?^*^^^V^:Tr5*;. V Now Ortaana, 822-0482^V.u; -; .*"Baltimora. OR-7-8001;-br~>4'ZV^'.* ^ > -<';;v ` _ MINNESOTA':'.-.*.' __ i' -'t : Mlnnaapoiis. WA 7-9911^!-**-loi' " ,, tX*\ MISSOURK^v^Aft^^^'-^ r.:*> ' > .r^Kanaas Clty, WE.T-1388-^; '.C . Clayton;- PA 1-1133v ''-'-. .. ' NEBRASKA'*' * *: i'r. . ~ s Omaha, 551-6166 . . . NEW JERSEY ~ . 'r ' ' 'S CW/tom 472*3900-* . ** NEW MEXICO ' 1 ' ' >' ~ Albuquarqua, 268-2457 * * * a ~ HEW YORK*"* .^5-* Albany, IV 9-2559- v>?Vr^^O.. Buffalo, 854-3427 : .-*. D Win. Gl 6-1291 Hampstaad. IV 3-1024 * Now.York. 935-4486^.'-.' NORTHTCAROUNAa:"V- ^V' ' Charlotta, 332-5023'^ ' - .. *' ' - * .^^^.A^.OWahoma Qty.JA 5^6451 OREGONi'i->-- - *. ..! *; j- ' *f9**4r22?.25lBV 1* V V;*' * KHNSYLVANIAU- > , Naanvilla, 254-1928 texas;>?>.?. v- . ^j*,*, OaHas, FV.l-5386 '-?~Kj > Hourton. JA4-7448-.>-. *~ Antonio,.TA 4-4534 Welcome to the newest U.S.G. publicationCONTRACT CONSTRUCTION We invite you into the pages of CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION, neiaest in the growing family of U.S.G publications. It's a fresh approach to the aspect of construction which vitally concerns the general contractor. Our main order of business is to bring you new advancements in construction techniques and materials, the latest in cost-cutting methods and products, either from the experience of other contractors or the research facilities of United States Gypsum. We'll cover many of the problem areas inherent to the construction business, show how they have been met. We want you to make this your publication. We hope it will prompt you to communicate with us and let us know what type of material is of greatest value to you. Most important, if you have any methods, projects or techniques you would li to share with others in the field, drop us a line. We'd like to hear frt you and hope that you will profit from CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION. And --glad to have you with us! Editor . ON Oil* COVER: dramatic photograph of ji Atlanta's new Peachtree Center is ;tvi .. highlighted by abstract sculpture in . courtyard, will be featured in a coming issue of CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.- J % 't*. Architects: Edwards & Portman: Gen'l Tiq ;d$ S$S-, . -4 ire protection has long been one of the most impor fire protection engineers in the design of buildings that Ftant considerations in building construction, yet (a) conform to performance requirements necessary for one of the least understood. The rapid development an acceptable level of safety to life and property, and of new materials and methods since World War II has, (b) meet minimum standards establish.ed by codes. at the same time, heightened the interest and multiplied TEST PROCEDURE AND CRITERIA the confusion. Building codes do not always clarify the Tests aimed at these objectives are conducted by situation. While they are gradually changing from several organizations under ASTM procedure E 119. "specification" criteria to "performance," they still Materials under test are exposed to a standard fire, base many of their provisions on materials and methods selected after careful study as typical of what can be of prewar years. As a result, new products and systems expected in actual fires. A test specimen must be repre have outstripped performance requirements in codes. sentative of the construction for which classification is PURPOSE OF FIRE TESTS desired: columns, floors and roofs, partitions and beams. Deficiencies in codes notwithstanding, it is imperative In order to "remain alive" in a fire test all assemblies that fireproofing products meet the ratings stated in except columns, which have specific requirements, (a) the codes. To establish such ratings for any material support the live load, (b) prevent passage of hot fiame or or assembly, the ASTM has set up a procedure known hot gases, (c) limit the unexposed surface temperature as Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Con rise over the starting temperature to an average of struction and Materials, Designation E 119. Testing 250s F., or a maximum of 325s F. at any point. under this procedure serves three broad purposes: BEHAVIOR OF STRUCTURAL STEEL AT HIGH TEMPERATURES 1. Determine perfonnance when exposed to fire: the Since structural steel is so intimately involved in test provides definite information on reaction and per any fireproofing procedure, data have been prepared on formance of building materials and their assembly the compressive and tensile strength of steel under high when exposed to standard fire temperature. Does the temperature conditions. In terms of fire-resistive ratings material maintain it bond under exposure to high the critical temperature for structural steel is usually temperatures? Does it unduly shrink or expand, and in considered as the temperature at which ultimate so doing fail to provide the degree of fire protection strength is reduced to the permissible loading, so that planned or required, within economic limits? The data failure of the member is imminent. This is the basis ;or gleaned guides development of new materials. the alternate criteria in ASTM =119 that average tem - Establish building code requirements: comparative perature in any section must not exceed 1000 F.. or fire test procedures provide code-writing authorities 1200s F. at any single measured point. with the information to convert code requirements In the opinion of Ralph E. Carlson, fire prevention U1313030 2 7 from a specification type to a performance type. The engineer in the office of the California State Fire Mar code writer can establish performance requirements in shal, primary structural steel elements li.e., those terms of fire endurance for specified occupancy, based members connecting steel columns and essential on the average fire loading of such occupancies. structural stability) should be protected for the required !suidc architects and fire protection engirteers: time period (usually expressed in hours'! against an aver- comnarativp fire data nrovide tools for architects and ace temperature of 1000' F. in any sec ion. The task of -> VERSATILITY is one forte of spray-applied fireproofing materials. Applicator sprays FlRECODE "V" plaster on any accessible surface with conventional spray apparatus. fireproofing material, then, is to prevent temperature from rising to the point where structural elements fail. How longfireproofingmaterials can accomplish this task depends on the nature and volume of the materials. MATERIALS DIRECTLY APPLIED FOR FIRE PROTECTION Among the first successful methods in providing fire protection to structural steel was the development of clay tile, followed by the successful application of con crete. However, structures in which they were used were massive in appearance and required strong founda tions and heavy structural members to carry the dead weight. The need to lighten structures, however, led to development of metal lath and plaster, and in the past two decades to development of directly applied plaster, cementitious and fibrous materials. Materials that can be applied directly to structural steel and to steel decks, floor and form units offer many advantages. They permit the use of lighter structural elements, lighter foundations and a greater ratio of usable cubic space to total building volume. One recently developed material offering these advantages is United States Gypsum Co.'s FlRECODE "V" plaster. It is easy to apply and has achieved excellent ratings in standard fire endurance tests. Unlike ordinary spray plasters, FlRECODE "V" is a cementitious material containing vermiculite aggre gate. It is especially formulated for direct application by TYPICAL FIRE RATINGS as listed in UL "Building Materials List" are shown below. This listing pictures and describes materials used in 3* and 4-hr. rated columns. On graph (right) information from UL listing is used as guide points to establish slope of straight line. Ratings for other thicknesses of material may now be read from graph, e.g., 1 in. of material yields a column fire rating of one hour. (This is only one of several graphs which appear in complete reprint.) machine to steel column, beam and deck surfaces for fire endurance ratings. FlRECODE "V" is mixed at the job location, with water only added. No special additives, chemicals or catalysts need to be measured and added to each batch. No adhesive or other treatment of steel surfaces except cleaning is necessary. The mixed ma terial shows excellent pumping qualities with less wear on machinery and hose. A skilled applicator can apply the required amount of material in either one or two coats, with no hand tamping or finishing necessary. Though FlRECODE "V" plaster is not specifically de signed for use where it might be subject to physical contact, excessive humidity or vibration, it has excellent bonding qualities to steel. The bond to galvanized steel, 605 Ib./sq. ft., not only assures a minimum of drop-off during application and setting but also provides good adhesion during fire exposure. FlRECODE PLASTER FIREPROOFING Column ratings: Since development of FlRECODE "V", a number of fire tests have been conducted with several fire-resistive designs listed by Underwriters Labora tories. When test data for columns are examined we find that increasing the thickness of sprav-applied FlRECODE "V" provides an increase in protection. It has been found, for example, that on a 10 WF 49 column, 1 in. of material will provide a column rating of one hour, 13/b in. a rating of two hours, lVe in. three hours and a thick ness of 2V< in. four hours. The principles which apply to column fire ratings also apply to ratings for beams, ceiling-roof assemblies and ceiling-floor assemblies. Essentially, the thicker the application of FlRECODE "V" plaster, the better the rating. In practice, however, there are other criteria which affect the design of fire endurance rated struc tures. Two of these considerations are the probable severity of fires in buildings for various occupancies and the fire endurance necessary to withstand uncontrolled fire without major damage to the structure. .ViijL- .-Vvv- ' STCJEL COLUMNS . ; THICKNESS IN INCHES 300 . 240 l 1 180 120 R f U OCOflQ 60 DESIGN NO. 25 4 HR. 1. Cementitious Mixture rsprayed Plaster)--2W m. thick, DESIGN NO. 13 3 HR. 1. Cementitious Mixture (Sprayed Plaster)--2h% in. thick.