Document Vj7mn3Ykd6zn9k5jxJZg12428

August 8,1975 ASBESTOS ASBESTOS EXPOSURE DURING SERVICING OF MOTOR VEHICLE BRAKE AND CLUTCH ASSEMBLIES 105481 001682 Ml PRODUCED BY FORD (36) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION, AND WELFARE PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CENTER FOR 0ISSAS8 CONTROL ` August 8, 1975 NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL 1AFETV ANO HEALTH 5Sdf> FISHERS LANE ROCKVILLE MARYLANQ 2aai3 ( Dear Colleague: This communication Is Intended to alert you to recently gathered informa tion indicating a potential health hazard for persons exposed to asbestos during the servicing of motor vehicle brake and clutch assemblies. On July 21, 1975, the National Inatitite for Occupational Safety and Health convened a meeting of government and university scientists, industry representatives, and lahor union officials to discuss the present state of knowledge with respect to thi3 problem. Data was presented by investigators from the Mount Slant School of Medicine in New York City indicating that workers engaged in the maintenance and repair of automobile and truck brake linings are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of airborne asbestos dust. Specific brake servicing operations studied included blow-out of automobile drum brake assemblies, grinding of used truck brake linings, and bevelling of new truck brake linings. Average peak asbestos air concentra tions for these three activities based on personal samples taken within ten feet of Che operator were, respectively, 10.5, 3.75, and 37.3 fibers (>5 microns in length) per ml. An analysis of samples of brake drum dust revealed that almost all of the asbestos fibers found were shorter than 0.4 microns in length. Previous studies of the extent of asbestos emissions from automobile brake lining wear showed that only a very small fraction of the original asbestos content of the brake lining is found in brake drum dust (Ref. 1-3). It was presumed that this is due to thermal degradation of the fibers during braking. The present findings indicate that enough asbestos is preserved to produce significant exposures during certain brake servicing procedures, The full extent of asbestos-related disease in brake servicing personnel is not known, at present because this particular occupational group has not been studied systematically up to now. However, a review of the scientific literature on the association, between asbestos exposure and mesothelial tumors of the pleura and peritoneum has revealed at least four cases of these rare tumors m persons who were employed in jobs involving automobile brake servicing (Ref. 4-6). 1 001683 PRODUCED BY FORD (37) Page 2 For your information and guidance, we are enclosing pertinent references, estimates of the population at risk, a NIOSH interim recommendation for brake and clutch servicing procedures, and a copy of the Department of Labor standard covering exposure to asbestos Ln the work place. The environmental studies of brake lining servicing operations out Lined above together with observations of mesothelial tumors in persons so employed affirms the necessity for instituting and maintaining recommended control measures in this industry so that the health hazards of asbestos are minimized. Enclosures Surveillance and Biometrics 001684 PRODUCED BY FORD (38) REFERENCES 1. Lynch, J.R.: Brake Lining Decomposition Products. J Air Pollution Control Assoc, 18`824-26, 1963 2. Hickish, D,E, and Knight, K.L.: Exposure to Asbestos During Brake Maintenance. Ann Occup Hyg, 13:17-21, 1970 3. Jacka, M.G. and DuCharme, R.T.: Brake Emissions: Emission Measure ments from Brake and Clutch Linings from Selected Sources. EPA Report 63-04-0020, 1973 , 4. Newhouse, M.L. and Thompson, H.: Mesothelioma of Pleura and Peritoneum Following Exposure to Asbestos in the London Area. Brit J Ind Med, 22:261-69, 1965 5. McDonald, A.D. et al.: Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Mesothelial Tumors in Canada. Cancer, 26:914-19, 1970 6. Greenberg, M. and Lloyd Davies, T.A.: Mesothelioma Register 1967 1963. Brit J Ind Med, 31:91-104, 1974 i 001685 PRODUCED BY FORD (39) ESTIMATES OF THE WORKFORCE POTENTIALLY EXPOSED TO AS3EST0S IN THE MANUFACTURING AND SERVICING OF BRAKE LININGS AND CLUTCHES Auto Mechanics Garage Workers Manufacture (original and rebuilding) TOTAL 333,535 67,679 6,657 907,371 SOURCE: Adapted from 1972 Census of Manufacturers, 1972 County Business Patterns, and Census of Population: 1970 Occupation by Industry (all are Department of Commerce, Census Bureau publications) 4 001686 PRODUCED BY FORD (40) RECOMMENDED (INTERIM) PROCEDURES FOR ASBESTOS BRAKE AND CLUTCH SERVICING The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (MIOSH) has research underway concerning dust exposures during brake and clutch servicing. Due to preliminary data demonstrating significant asbestos exposures during presently used cleaning techniques, NIOSR has reviewed alternate techniques whereby asbestos exposures are reduced. The following are interim procedures recommended by NIQSH to minimize dust exposures. . 1. If possible, an area shall be designated for all brake and clutch repairs. Entrances into this area shall be pasted with an asbestos exposure warning sign as follows. Asbestos Dust Hazard Avoid Breathing Dust Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Do Not Remain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer 2. During brake servicing, an air purifying respirator, either single use or with replaceable particulate filter(s), as approved by the Mining _ Enforcement and Safety Administration (formerly Bureau of Kme-s) or NXOSH, shall be wort during all procedures fallowing removal of the wheels including reassembly. During manual clutch servicing, such a respirator shall be worn during removal and cleaning of the clutch, pressure plate and housing assembly and during Installation of the new clutch assembly. 3. Dust shall first be cleaned from brake drums, brake backing places, brake aaaemblies and clutch assemblies using an industrial type vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency filter system (>99J efficiency for 0.3 pm diameter aerosols). After vacuum cleaning, any remaining dust shall be removed using a rag soaked m water and wrung until nearly dry. Under no circumstances shall compressed air or dry brushing be used for cleaning, 4. During arcing and riveting operations, an approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be worn. Grinding (arcing) machines shall be provided with Local exhaust ventilation such chat worker exposures are maintained at least below the 1976 OSHA asbestos standard (29 CER 1910.1001).* At a minimum, the dust bag of the arcing machine shall be removed and replaced with the hose of the high efficiency industrial vacuum described in (3) above. 5 PRODUCED BY FORD I -V T C41J 2- - 5, Industrial vacuum cleaner bags containing asbestos dust and cloths used far wiping brake and clutch assemblies shall be sealed in plastic bags and labeled with the following warning label printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast to be readily visible and legible: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Breathing Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cancer All asbestos waste shall be disposed of in accordance with the OSEA asbestos regulation, 29 CFR 1910 1001(h). During removal of vacuum bags, an. approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be worn, / 6. All floor cleaning in areas where brakes and clutches are repaired shall be done with the high efficiency industrial vacuum cleaner as described in (3) above. Grinding (arcing) machines shall also be cleaned with such a vacuum cleaner and any remaining dust wiped with a damp cloth. An approved respirator, as described in (2) above, shall be used during this cleaning. 7. Although adherence to the above procedures should minimize any contamination of work clothing, it is required that ~ the appropriate portions of the OSHA regulations on asbestos (29 CFR. 1910.1001(d) (3 and 4)) concerning special clothing, change rooms, etc. be followed. NOTE: Strict adherence to the above procedures should minimize exposures to mechanics during brake and clutch servicing. These are interim recom mendations and are subject to revision pending results of ongoing NIQSH research. * Section 1910.1001 of the Code of Federal Regulations was formerly Section 1910,93a. This change was noted in the federal Register, May 2S, 1975. Prepared By Division of Field Studies and Clinical Investigations National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Cincinnati, Ohio > 6 ......... 001688 PRODUCED BY FORD s -fo r~-- .''-"V; *'12120Federal Register / Vol- 4fi. No 29 / Thursday. February 12, 19S1 / P.-rvc;*. ? s!s jL r ricJdcn m nibnuttuig cb itco-TifT^ndyMoo*. . f,p** 9 Sonus prefU sitarwg and r*" ^.le'vtton plans. **< } ,ikirjr*Jons. * i i 3f [tcJ - act on 11 to b taka with rwp-c la 4m\ fiinUi m <**ucb dtrecton/ot offican suy pa* ,-^die the mrnraaooa eaDad tor feT ttgai *c f:j mci C) of Rssulattua S-K [17.CFR HIj--D; shall be tartwbod far the tut Eve -* *cn w the aauer sad any penod i; *>* z -e^t *o the end a! Ihe.tatw't such zjcu tea. aigrejaie anoufdi far the entire pe-r>a tor each such perm and group. f tsf "jTied pencil or any otfc- dtreeior or cTicar pL/efeajed wcurjfcjtj through the se of optima dungg such period. itaB tr-* <*s~?sdi amount afsecuridee of tat g.sj sold during the period by tuoh aaeed pe-san and by such aaaed person and *oas a -= a,ret.tare and afEUen as a group. Tb* uucorr.jL.cn called taffy this Instruoaao 3(c) is i eu of tne imarnubon since the of ue issuer's Last EUcai year rutted rar b\ Iters tfdlfll and (2; of ri**L -Co- S-K f!7 Cra 2S9J0V If employe* r pmapatB in the plan to be acted soon, - r "ie aggregate acxeu&t of Kcunoe* cau.c taf by ad option? granted to ampMyeiU i-nng me five jear pehod, and. if the opuco* *+*> omer th^in "restnjaed" or "qualified" 5.m.n op aeon or optima granted pursuant to ampJoyec stock pijrctaw pfapoT u tns aau'oe term are defined u aecdona Cl tereuen 424 of the latcfsnl Revenue Cuc*. si4(u th** tact and the freighted uenge m-ca price per ibare^Tie mior&adaa called Lor h tits tnslraction ffuy be 'umiakec s the tana of (he table illustrated in Appendix A \i 2w I4d-1GJJ 5ce liutrucaca 1 to lies o' Refutation S-K (17 CFR, 22932\ 1 (cl if action. is to be taken with rejpeci to ait) puo m which directors or officers x-> pametpaLe. the infennipea specified m fii) and fivJ(AnB] f0 of ftevatauan S-K (17 C7R ph) shall be formfeed he the period Eraat the begtesg of the res.atract'i fifth pravioiu full fiscal rear through me most recent practicable date, rather men tar the registrant's |$t fitcel year, and the information, called far br Itea 4(d){hi| and (hr] [Df ancfifE] ihal] be furcufard as of the most recent pncticafele date. If any person named a- included to the group cf affierrs and direcLoA mVaswer to (tea of Reyuj aban S-K (17 C7B. za.ffl) purdused or received secunlict of iuay dass dunag that piTod through the exerdW of opn<uu or stoex apprematlod. nghta tar other nghtx m tandem therewith), nate im aggregate anoum of secunues of that daas sold dmu>g the period by any such owned person and by such proup. (f other employees may participate m the plan bem^acted upon, state *.*tih aspect to such other employees. (1) too uiie ana aggregate amount qf eeintie* su' -f- 1 to opliana. with or without tandem smut, uppreciatioa nghu, granted from tne buginn.:^; ot the reguereot * fifife prmoui full fiacdl v tar through the moat recent pmcucabla dote; (2] the weighted average cpbnft price per share for *rcji options. (3} tbc number of shares with ftapect to wbch slock appreciation right* were granted, not la " .pdera wtth ap&ccj. dunng that period, and [**1 Che weighed average base share price for auch rights, fOther tandem rights granted to an employee sfeaJl be disclosed in connection witt the related pnere or appreciation rights.] The ntfonnetofl cjiied /07 by thU inatmciinn may be fumuhed n. the farm cl the table ilfLstreud in Appendix A (17 C7R WQ,Ha1031 See geoeraUv the uLSSuctione to [tea 4{d) af Regulation S-^C (17 CFH E9-MJ.J 1 f it 21 Vofle n-4"turerf far approval. As to each matierwtuch la tn be submitted to a uJte of aecurl*/bdtaen. other than Cfliecna.ia to o/fisr or] the relecboa or apernrat of audim state the vote required for its approval t * * iI * {Sera, ft. 7. a. UL 19(a). US Slat n, Tfl, SL a* aa m m 4ft SuL ml 904 sec 3C1. 3i StaL Sj7; stc. a M Stat sat ICC. 1_ ra Sut. 1S31. jec. Milan:: SO Slat.S7 iaa. IZ 13. U IS'cl, 3|a) SUL 33i Wt MS. SCI, uca. L 3 i. IS SUL 13711377,3373; aes. 2331 a|. SleL ,7M. mc. 32. M SUC Mae ttsa. UU n SUL S0S4EB. SB. 570-57L jeetl, Z 1 82 Sul -ISi 455. aes 23(et. HMM Sut 1421 1.97: C 105(il a SUL 1503. leea. 8.1 10. 15. 09 SUL U7 US. 119, IIS' tes. 308(bl S3 Sul 57. ai. 231 335. ZH. 91 SUL 14S4. 1138. 1.99,150tt IS UiC. 77t 77fc 771l 77J, TTlfsj. ml. 7BUL 7BO. 7S-|d). 7w(atJ Aulbancy j TK.* smBdinttti ar* being piuiwud pimcafit to die aulhnnty m Seetioca 8.7. e and 1S|) of the Seomhea Act ol 1333 and Serfco* 1Z1Z 14.15fd) and S(a] of the Senr.be* F.arhange ftcl of 1334. th^ Caffinuccc Geor^t A. Flw.....-- Secwc/y j February 11*1. / Hegelatnrf FimribiBfy Act Certfficahca L Harokl HL Wlhuau. Chairmen of the Sun De* and Exchange Canumauon. hereb) eertifv, pument is 5 U3.C- 8CS(bl tbit the prspseed auenoaeoca pnblubed tn Relea No. 34-17517 fFeUiurr 5.138X1 "FSOPOSEa AMENDMENTS TO PROXY RULES .AND PROVISIONS RSLATTNC TO SHAREHOLDER QOMMUMCATIONS CSLTRALL^, will not If promulgated. Stave a itpuStani eceaaeuc impact on a fubuaodal niuAbcr cf mall rabbn. The nwoa for aodt cerbficaljoo vs that the proposed smsadcsU will apply only to those mUOMjltncfndui* mall esdtlet) that ilnady an Rioted to the Commiaeton * rule* and reflulahmu, and that theae propoaed aaemlseitta are otpeeted to nault ta a ietej,r net ndac&oo in com tn all rejiatmun. It u an&apaled that the ellacu of the pnpowd mu .nil ent be aigxuScanl for any clou of ngutranta. Tbua. the propoied unoenoib will nnr ha\a e aigoiScanr eceenauc impact on any mall entibea. DleC. FMrua- 5 ShL Harolds' iWldina Chapman pit Doc rr--r.^r to )um cco* es^v. DEPARTMENT Or LABOR Oeotipatfonal Si/sty and Health Administration 29 CFR Part 1910 Hazards Identirioattan accmcy: CccL;i:jd3l Safety and Health Adztz..ficon. Department of Labor Acncwc Withdra'-al af Proposed Rules. SUMMARY! On JzTLzry 18 1931. (4fl FR 4412-4433), the Adjutant Secretary for Occupational Sa.er, and Health ueusd a propoied itzczitd teat would require emplcvers (c 'cecnfy the hazardous chetzu-i'ts m tetr warxoiaccs through speaze hazard `dentmcation and evaluation Droceczms. labeling recinremeTts and record preservaboai The proposed rule ts withdrawn. This Mil petsul tns Deoanment to consider regulatory sltamauves that had not been cully consicered and then. If appropriate, reprepose the regulation. Thu process-Hill euminale the need for the public to rmraml on a proposal that the Department may change sigiiiz candy. EFFEtrnv* datc February 1Z 19BX. FOR FURTHER fN^CRHATtON CONTACT; Mr James Fcs'ar Room N3&41. OfEce of Pcbb: AfFaira. Octripaucnal Safety and Health AdmmucaLan. U^. Depertment nf Labor 00 Constitution Avenue. NW. Wascmgton D C. 20230; Telephone: [202! *23-815! Stgn*0 =1 W -' r-ym. D C. thu 23th day of lasuarr 1531. David C 2aala. .-tcti^p LfjiXlc.it' Ne<."rfcr> of Labor[or ChrcLpcionoi Sc'f-T isdHsaiUs. |FJ Poe. a 411 ri4 .-a-s. u pa>| nun COM *>--* ENY1HONMENTAJ. PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part S2 IA-9-FW. 17SO-31 State Implementation Plan Revision tor Lead tn dark County, Nevada ACxxrr. Environmental Protect-.on A^encv ACTtOec Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. 001689 PRODUCED BY FORD