Document VN2M4OZkvg7jd8ZY3Gjy0RBq
AR226-1880
Overview of APFO/Telomer Active DuPont/DuPont-Sponsored Projects
Presented to US EPA
Robert W. Rickard, Ph.D., D.A.B.T. DuPont Haskell Laboratory
COMPANY SANITIZED VERSION
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Page 1 November 10, 2004
Agenda
Recent Publications APFO/Telomers Active Manuscripts APFO/Telomers Active Projects APFO/Telomers
- Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology - Environmental Monitoring - Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment - Environmental Fate and Effects
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Recent DuPont APFO/Telomers Publications Summary
Toxicology of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate in Male Cynomolgus Monkeys after Oral Dosing for 6 Months. Toxicological Sciences 2002, 69, 244-257.
The Reproductive Toxicology of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate in the Rat. Toxicology 2004, 196, 95-116.
The Toxicology of Perfluorooctanoate. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2004, 34, 351-384.
13-Week Dietary Toxicity Study of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (APFO) in Male Rats. Drug & Chemical Toxicology 2004, 27, 361-378.
Binding of PFOA to Rat and Human Plasma Proteins. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2003, 16, 775-781.
Binding of PFOA to Rat Liver-Form and Kidney-Form Alpha-2-Globulins. Drug & Chemical Toxicology 2004, 27, 347-360.
Determination of Total Fluorine in Blood at Trace Concentration Levels by the Wickbold Decomposition Method with Direct Potentiometric Detection. Talanta 2004, 64, 869-878.
Gas-Phase NMR Technique for Studying the Thermolysis of Materials: Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate. Anal. Chem.; 2004; 76; 3800-3803.
Physicochemical properties of 8-2 Fluorinated Telomer B Alcohol. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 2004, 49, 912-916.
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Recent DuPont APFO/Telomers Manuscripts Accepted for Publication
Kinetics of APFO in Monkey. Accepted by Toxicol. Sciences.
Penetration of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (APFO) through Rat and Human
Skin In-Vitro. Accepted by in Drug & Chemical Toxicology. Subchronic Toxicity of a Fluoroalkylethanol Mixture in Rats. Accepted by Drug &
Chemical Toxicology.
Developmental and Reproductive Toxicity of a Fluoroalkylethanol Mixture in Rats.
Accepted by Drug & Chemical Toxicology. Gas Phase UV and IR Absorption Spectra of CxF2x+1CHO (x=1-4). Accepted by
The Journal of Fluorine Chemistry.
Aerobic Biotransformation of 14C-labeled 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol by Activated
Sludge from a Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant. Accepted by Environmental Science & Technology.
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Recent DuPont APFO/Telomers Manuscripts Submitted for Publication
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion of APFO Following Oral Administration to Various Species. Submitted to Drug & Chemical Toxicology.
Determination of 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol in animal plasma and tissues by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Submitted to Journal of Chromatography B.
Determination of Extractable Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Water, Sweat Simulant, Saliva Simulant, and Methanol from Textile and Carpet Samples by LC/MS/MS. Submitted to The Analyst.
Low-Level (ppb) Determination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) in Paper and Textile by LC/MS/MS. Submitted to The Analyst. (TRP sponsored research)
Sampling and Determination of Perfluorooctanoic Acid in Air Using Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry. Submitted to J. Occupat. & Environ. Health.
Comparison of pressurized solvent and reflux extraction methods for the determination of perfluorooctanoic acid in polytetrafluoroethylene polymers using LC/MS/MS. Submitted to The Analyst.
Quantitative determination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in serum and plasma by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Submitted to Journal of Chromatography B.
Measured vs. Estimated Vapor Pressure of Fluorotelomer Alcohols: Reconsideration of an Important Property Used to Predict Long-Range Transport Potential. Submitted to Environmental Science & Technology.
Thermal Degradation of Fluorotelomer Treated Articles and Related Materials. Submitted to Chemosphere.
Gas Phase UV and IR Absorption Spectra of CF3(CF2)xCH2CH2OH (x=0,3,5,7). Submitted to The Journal of Fluorine Chemistry.
Atmospheric Degradation of Fluoroalcohols: A Kinetic and Mechanistic study of the reactions of OH radicals and Cl atoms with 3,3,3-Trifluoropropanol. Submitted to the Journal of Physical Chemistry. (TRP sponsored research)
Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterization for Perfluorooctanoate (PFO) in Selected Consumer Articles. Submitted to Environmental Science & Technology.
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Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology - Occupational Biomonitoring of Serum PFOA Levels
Project:
On-going biomonitoring of serum PFOA levels to assess potential exposure with job function
Objective:
Monitor serum levels at following sites:
Washington Works, WV Fayetteville, NC Chambers Works, NJ Dordrecht, Netherlands
Timing:
Reports On-going
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Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology - APFO Occupational Epidemiology Study
Project:
@ Washington Works: Cross-Sectional Surveillance of Clinical
Measures of General Health Status Related to a Serum Biomarker of Exposure and Retrospective Cohort Analyses in a Polymer Production Plant
Objective:
Develop statistical models that describe the relationship of serum PFOA to health outcome variables suggested by previous animal and worker studies, taking into account potential confounders and effect modifiers.
Conduct retrospective cohort mortality analyses using appropriate stratification based on job/task descriptions and estimated past exposures to APFO.
Timing:
Report December 2004
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Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology - APFO Occupational Exposure Assessment Study
Project:
@ Fayetteville, NC: Exposure Assessment of Serum PFOA in the manufacturing of APFO
Objective:
Follow serum PFOA levels in workers involved in the production of APFO to determine the extent of exposure and the need for other corrective measures or additional exposure controls.
Use air sampling, blood samples, wipe tests and feedback from plant personnel to identify potential routes of exposure.
Timing:
Semi-annual PFOA determination; interim information available. Initial concept to continue program for 2 years.
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Washington Works, West Virginia
Project:
WV Multi-Media Consent Order (Main Plant & 3 Landfills) WV Solid Waste/NPDES Program (Main Plant & 3 Landfills) WV Air Permit Modeling
Objective: Determine presence of PFOA in air, soil, groundwater,
surface water, outfalls and public water
Timing: Reports on-going (monthly, quarterly and annual)
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Chambers Works, New Jersey
Project: TRP Letter of Intent (LOI)
Objective: Determine presence of PFOA in air, groundwater, surface water and outfalls
Timing: Report issued September 2003; to be supplemented
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Fayetteville, North Carolina
Project:
FMG Letter of Intent (LOI) North Carolina Division of Waste Management request
Objective: Determine presence of PFOA in air, groundwater, outfall
Timing:
Report per LOI (first LOI report issued 2004; next due 2006) Additional work/reporting on-going to State of North Carolina for groundwater monitoring
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Circleville, Ohio
Project:
Ohio EPA Inquiry Dispersion Processors Material Balance - through SPI
Objective: Determine the presence of PFOA in air, groundwater, surface
water, outfalls and public water
Timing:
First phase of groundwater, surface water and public water results transmitted to Ohio and EPA within past 3 months
Other work/reports ongoing (air, groundwater, outfalls)
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Dordrecht, Netherlands & Shimuzu, Japan
Project: Voluntary investigations
Objective: Determine the presence of PFOA in air,
groundwater, surface water, outfalls (for both sites); public water (Dordrecht only)
Timing: On-going annual water monitoring at both sites
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Environmental Monitoring - PFOA Parlin, New Jersey
Project:
Dispersion Processors Material Balance (DPMB) - through SPI
Objective: Assess material balance at dispersion
processing site
Timing: On-going
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Microbial Metabolism of PFOA
Project: Determine the biodegradability of [1-14C] PFOA
Objective:
- Through a range of biodegradation assays and metabolic investigations, determine the potential biodegradability of PFOA.
- Collaboration with Prof. E. Madsen, Cornell University
Timing: Final report est. July 2006
- Interim study results updates will occur
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Soil Column Leaching Study for PFOA
Project:
Determine vertical mobility / leaching of APFO through natural soil cores obtained from Washington Works site
Objective: Evaluate leaching behavior of air deposited APFO / rainwater
mobilized PFOA through silty clay or clayey silt; Estimate leaching potential of PFOA, by determining: retardation factor; % adsorbed/desorbed; and mass balance
Timing: Report est. April 2005.
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO Mechanistic Toxicology
Project:
Does hyperlipidemia modify binding to cholesterol fractions or clearance of APFO in animal models?
Objectives:
Produce hyperlipidemia in male hamsters (feeding high cholesterol, coconut oil diets);
Using 14C material and precipitation techniques, follow molecule in various cholesterol fractions (HDL, non-HDL);
Determine blood levels of PFOA following a single intraperitoneal dose. Look for modification of clearance profile by dieting pre-treatment
Timing:
Report 1st Quarter 2005
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO In Vitro Metabolism
Project:
Potential glucuronidation of APFO in microsomes
Objective: Using 2 species, multiple tissues,
measure PFOA glucuronide formation (both sexes of rat and human; liver, kidney, intestine)
Timing: Report December 2004
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO Comparative Toxicity
Project:
Toxicologic effect of linear/ branched, linear, and branched APFO
Objective: To compare the biologic effects of treating either rats or
mice with graded oral doses of each of the 3 APFO forms: (a) linear/branched (80/20), (b) linear, and (c) branched, with particular attention to alterations in liver function and lipid metabolism
Timing: Report December 2004
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO Mechanistic Toxicity
Project:
Nuclear Receptor Profiling of PFOA and PFOS
Background: Although PFOA is known to activate PPAR-, its activity against
related ligand-activated transcription factors and its activity relative to naturally occurring fatty acids and pharmacological agents is poorly documented
Objective:
Profile PFOA and PFOS against the mouse, rat and human forms of PPAR-, , , LXR-, and RXR- to enable cross-species comparisons;
Compare to naturally occurring fatty acids such as octanoate, stearate, and linoleate for biological context;
Compare to clinical agents for pharmacological context
Timing:
Report 1st Quarter 2005
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO Comparative Toxicity
Project: Extension of effect of age on PFOA serum levels in rats
Objective: Extend the information on the effect of age on serum
levels of PFOA from 4 to 6-week old of rats to even younger (3 week old) animals including comparison of fasting vs. non-fasting as weaning rats cannot be fasted pre-sampling
Timing: Report December 2004
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Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment APFO Mechanistic Toxicity
Project: Transcriptional profiling of pancreas from APFO-fasted rats
Objective: Identify pathways or clusters that could be relevant to
pancreatic carcinogenesis using gene array techniques. Signals to be looked for include those for example downregulating DNA repair or up-regulating cell proliferation/resistance to apoptosis signaling pathways. As reference points, establish the response of the pancreatic carcinogen Wyeth 14643 and the non-carcinogenic diethylhexylphthalate.
Timing: Report 1st Quarter 2005 (Sponsor: Plastics Europe)
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DuPont Telomer Research Overview
Biomonitoring Toxicology Exposure & Risk Characterization Environmental Fate
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Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology Telomers Occupational Biomonitoring
Project:
On-going biomonitoring of serum PFOA levels to assess potential exposure with job function
Objective: Monitor serum levels at following sites: Chambers Works, NJ Villers St. Paul, France (includes PFOS) Pascagoula, MS
Timing: On-going
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Toxicology Studies Fluorotelomer-Based Products
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Developmental Toxicity Telomer Betaine Surfactant
Chemical
- CAS# 34455-29-3 - F(CF2)6CH2CH2SO2NH(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2CO2- (C6) - Used as AFFF surfactant
Project: Developmental Toxicity via Oral Dose
Objective: Determine potential maternal fetal effects and relative
potency
Timing: est. September 2005; Study results in 2Q2005
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Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) Studies [3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Project: Pharmacokinetics of 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Objective: Comparative In Vitro Metabolism
ADME - Single Oral Dose Dermal Absorption - In vitro and in vivo kinetics Biliary Elimination Plasma Kinetics
Timing:
January 2005 for completion of work; Study results will be submitted as manuscripts for peer-reviewed publication
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Exposure & Risk Characterization
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"In-Use Consumer Articles Exposure Study"
Project:
Carpet and Textile Fabric studies representative of real use e.g. cleaning, abrasion and light (photolysis)
Objective: Determine whether "degradation" occurs as a result of
"aging" of articles; Monitor for PFOA, Telomer B Alcohol; Study to begin January 2005
Timing: est. July 2005
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"Aged" Sales Products Study
Project:
Sales product "aging" Study; 3 Polymeric Products (described later)
Objective: Determine whether "degradation" occurs as a
result of "aging" of product (e.g. heat); Monitor for PFOA, Telomer B Alcohol; Study to begin January 2005
Timing: Report est. July 2005
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Environmental Fate
Telomer B Alcohol and Transformation Products Telomer-Based Products
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Abiotic Environmental Fate Studies Overview 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Abiotic: Partitioning, Hydrolytic Stability, Atmospheric Chemistry
Objective:
- Determine the partitioning between phases, transformation products and transformation pathways
- Develop, demonstrate, and validate analytical methods that will be essential for product studies
Timing: Reports est. 3rd Quarter 2005 (specific study timelines on
following slides)
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Atmospheric Transformation of F(CF2)nCHO
Subject: The UV Spectra and Photodissociation Quantum Yields of Perfluorinated Aldehydes Under Atmospheric Conditions.
- Collaboration with Prof. G.A. Arguello, Univ. of Cordoba
Objective:
- Determine the quantum yield for photolytic reaction at various wavelengths of visible light
Timing: Final report est. 3rd Quarter 2005
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Atmospheric Partitioning 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Subject: Atmospheric Heterogeneous Uptake Studies
- Collaboration with Aerodyne Corp. and Boston College
Objective:
- Determine the gas-aqueous and gas-organic phase uptake and partitioning to better understand atmospheric fate.
Timing: Report est. 3rd Quarter 2004
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Atmospheric Transformation Pathways
Subject: Explore the Atmospheric Gas-Phase Chemistry [HO] of Telomer B Alcohols, Telomer B Aldehydes
- Collaboration with Prof. G. LeBras (CNRS-Orlans), Prof. H. Sidebottom (U. Dublin) and coworkers
Objective:
- Determine the transformation products and transformation pathways and if possible rates of transformation
- Develop, demonstrate, and validate analytical methods
Timing: Report est. 3rd Quarter 2005
Telomer Research Program
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Atmospheric Partitioning Telomer Alcohols and Telomer Olefins
Subject: Physical-chemical properties and partitioning
- Collaboration with Prof. K.-U. Goss (EAWAG, ETH-Zurich)
Objective:
- Determine Henry's Law constants, partition constants in four (4) welldefined systems (e.g. hexadecane/air), and sorption constants between air and various solid surfaces (polar, non-polar, soil organic matter) to provide key experimental data for long-range transport modeling.
Timing: Report est. 1st Quarter 2005
Telomer Research Program
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Atmospheric Transport Modeling 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Subject: Long-Range Transport Modeling of
Telomer B Alcohols and Telomer Olefins
- Collaboration with Prof. M. Mattheis, Univ. of snabrck
Objective:
- Predict the long-range transport potential and environmental partitioning behavior
Timing: Report est. 1st Quarter 2005
Telomer Research Program
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Biotic Environmental Fate Studies Overview [3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Biotic: Sludge, Soil, Sediment Objective:
- Determine the transformation products and transformation pathways and achieve 14C mass balance
- Develop, demonstrate, and validate analytical methods that will be essential for product studies
Timing: Reports est. 1st Quarter 2006 (specific study
timelines on following slides)
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Page 38 November 10, 2004
Biodegradation in Sludge [3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Project: 90-Day Accelerated Biodegradation in Municipal Sludge.
- OECD 302B as guideline
Objectives:
- Determine the transformation products and transformation pathways - Achieve 14C mass balance
Timing: Report January 2005
- Work complete - Interim results reported at 2004 SETAC meetings - Manuscript will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication.
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Biodegradation in Soil [3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Project: Aerobic Biodegradation in Soil (~150 days).
- OECD 307 as guideline
Objective:
- Determine the transformation products and transformation pathways - Achieve 14C mass balance
Timing: Report est. February 2005
- Work complete - Interim results to be reported at 2004 SETAC World Congress - Manuscript will be submitted for peer-reviewed publication. - A study on a second aerobic soil will begin in December 2004.
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Biodegradation in Sediment [3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol
Project:
Aerobic/Anaerobic Biodegradation in Sediment OECD 308 as guideline
Objective: Determine the transformation products and transformation
pathways
Achieve 14C mass balance
Timing:
est. 1st Quarter 2006 Study to begin in January 2005 Interim study results at six months
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Biodegradation of Telomer-Based Surfactants
Surfactants
- Phosphate CAS#'S 65530-71-4, 65530-72-5, 65530-70-3 ; Ethoxylate CAS# ; 65530-80-4 Betaine CAS# 34455-29-3
Project : Inherent Biodegradation in Sludge
- modified OECD 302B (Zahn-Wellens)
Objectives:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Report Timing
- Phosphate/Ethoxylate work complete, report January 2005 - Betaine in-progress, report est. June 2005
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Degradation Studies Overview Telomer-Based Polymers
Polymers
- Ester-Urethane CAS# 68891-05-4
- Acrylate
CAS# 148878-17-5
Biotic :Sludge, Soil, Sediment
Abiotic : Hydrolysis, Incineration
Objectives:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring. Urethane CAS# 135228-60-3
- Develop, demonstrate, and validate analytical methods
Timing: Reports est. 1st Quarter 2006 (specific study timelines on
following slides)
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Polymer Biodegradation Screening Studies
Acrylate and Urethane Polymers
Municipal Sludge
- Ready Biodegradation, modified OECD 301 B/D - Inherent Biodegradation, modified OECD 302 B, Zahn-Wellens - Work complete. Reports January 2005 - Ester-Urethane Polymer "302B" in progress.
Report est. March 2005
Soil & Sediment Screening Studies (commenced November 2004)
- Soil : Aerobic; Sediment : Anaerobic - For method development. Then, commence longer-term studies. - Report est. February 2005
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Biodegradation in Soil Telomer-Based Polymers
Project: Aerobic & Anaerobic Biodegradation in Soil
- OECD 307 as guideline; Four (4) Soils; ~One-Year - Polymers: Ester-Urethane, Urethane, Acrylate - Start : January 2005
Objective:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Final Report Timing : est. 1st Quarter 2006
- Interim study results at 6 months
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Biodegradation in Sediment Telomer-Based Polymers
Project: Aerobic/Anaerobic Sediment Biodegradation
- OECD 308 as guideline; Two (2) Sediments; ~One-Year - Polymers : Ester-Urethane, Urethane, Acrylate - Start : January-February 2005
Objective:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Report Timing : est. 1st Quarter 2006
- Interim study results at 6 months
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Biodegradation in Anaerobic Sludge Telomer-Based Polymers
Project: Anaerobic Sludge Biodegradation
- OECD 311 as guideline - Polymers : Ester-Urethane, Urethane, Acrylate - Start : March 2005
Objective:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Final Report Timing : est. 3rd Quarter 2005
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[3-14C] 8-2 Telomer B Alcohol Based Urethane Polymer Biodegradation
Project: Biodegradation in Soil & Sediment
- OECD 307 & 308 as guidelines - One Aerobic Soil, One Aerobic/Anaerobic Sediment (1yr)
Objectives:
- Determine the transformation products and transformation pathways
- Achieve 14C mass balance
Final Report Timing : Undetermined
- Polymer Characterization is in-progress. Studies will proceed, beginning January 2005, if the test substance is ok.
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Page 48 November 10, 2004
Oregon State University Research Gift
Jennifer Field and Staci Simonich
Projects
- To determine 1) the atmospheric residence times of FTOHs and 2) the importance of wet deposition for removing FTOHs from the atmosphere.
- Municipal WWTP removal of FTOHs and the relative emissions of FTOHs to 1) the atmosphere, 2) receiving waters, and 3) sludges.
- To develop, validate, and apply quantitative analytical methods for the determination of several classes of fluorochemicals in landfill leachates.
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Page 49 November 10, 2004
Purdue University Research Gift
Linda Lee
Projects
- The objective of the proposed research is to predict environmental fate properties of telomer alcohols, including solubility, sorption, degradation and transport. The information generated is expected to be used
To determine the major mechanisms by which telomer alcohols enter into the environment
To predict the flux of telomer alcohols to/from soils and sediments, To elucidate quantitatively the possible connection between fluorinated telomer
alcohols and PFOA, and To predict qualitatively the environmental fates of other fluorinated telomers
existing in consumer products.
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Page 50 November 10, 2004
Biodegradation Telomer-Based Polymers in Sludge
Subject: Biodegradation of Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers
- One (1) Product and Purified Polymer From Each TRP Member Company
- Modified OECD 302B Zahn-Wellens
Objectives:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Report Timing : 1Q05
Telomer Research Program
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Biodegradation Telomer-Based Polymers
Subject: Biodegradation of Fluorotelomer-Based Polymers
- One (1) from Each TRP Member Company - One Soil Aerobic/Anaerobic (modified OECD 307) - One Sediment Aerobic/Anaerobic (modified OECD 308) - Anaerobic Sludge (modified OECD 311)
Objectives:
- Determine whether the linkage of telomer functionality to the polymer is "broken" by looking for telomeric substances and acids indicative of this occurring.
Report Timing : 3Q05 - 1Q06
Telomer Research Program
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PERFORCE
Pim de Voogt
Ulf Jarnberg Ian Cousins
Univ of Stockholm
Analytical Methods for Environmental Matrices
Wim de Coen
Univ of Antwerp
Environmental
Univ of Amsterdam
P-C Properties, Analytical Methods, Monitoring,
Urs Berger Rolland Kollenborn
Jacob de Boer Stefan van Leeuwen
Netherlands Institute for Fisheries Research (RIVO)
Environmental Matrices
dWatze de Wolf Bob Buck Industry Experience &
Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Environmental Matrices
Know-How
PERFORCE = Perfluorinated Compounds in the European Environment
http://www.science.uva.nl/perforce/
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PERFORCE Work Packages
Development of robust analytical methods for perfluoroalkylated substances
Experimental measurement of key physico-chemical parameters Development and selection of relevance bioassays (to aid in exposure
assessment) Monitoring the European (aquatic) environment using biological and
chemical measurements Quality assessment of analytical chemistry / monitoring Knowledge Transfer - Industry experience and know-how Coordination / administration
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Tentative Test Materials
The lead materials selected for further European environmental monitoring work by PERFORCE are: Perfluoro-Sulfonates: 4 and 8 Perfluoro-Carboxylic acids: 4, 8, 9 and 11 Telomers: 6-2, 8-2 sulfonate ; Telomer 6-2, 8-2 alcohol
Testing will occur over a two-year period ending mid-2006
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Summary
Today's review intended to highlight major DuPont/Dupont-
sponsored projects involving APFO and Telomers and our commitment to
share this information openly through scientific presentations and
publications
Outline of Review Publications and Manuscripts APFO/Telomers Active Projects APFO/Telomers
- Human Biomonitoring and Epidemiology - Environmental Monitoring - Mammalian Toxicology and Risk Assessment - Environmental Fate and Effects
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