Document VKbX4LaKM6ZXm9YDmENOr029N

Subiteti GSH3S, TTPS, PROPERTIES AIO) BECOMHEFBATIOHS i june 1, 195^ The selection of the proper talc for a specific use is an important function of the paint formulator. Talcs differ widely chemically and physically. Properties of finished paihts can be altered or controlled by the type and quantity of talc used. Talcs occur in four basic types as follows: Fibrous or foliated Treaolitic or acicular Platey or micaceous Granular . Only Sierra Talc & Clay Company produces all four of these types. Each, due to its particular particle structure, contributes certain specific properties to paint. All talcs are magnesium silicates and, although sierra, talcs differ some what in their chemical analyses, it is the physical properties, such as particle shape and site, texture and color, which are important in their effect on paint. Particle size is affected by the natural crystal grain size of the raw talc. It is controlled by the degree and type of milling in Sierra's four mills. Hilling consists of two types: 1. Roller mill grinds with air separation to conventional 200 and 325 mesh, 2. Micronisation in high speed mills to ultra-fine and sub-sieve particle size, i The first ten talcs listed in the tables*12are standard roller mill grinds. Sierra's standard ground paint talcs are graded for every paint use where Hegman finenesses of 1-h are sufficient. They have the following outstanding properties: a. They are soft and non-abrasive. Tremolitic talcs are slightly . abrasive. | b, They are controlled to definite particle size. . . cf They wet quickly and easily. . d. They flow and brush easily and prevent "ropines?". a, They contribute to film strength. . f. They have proven exterior durability properties. g. They promote can stability - do not harden in the can. h. They are snow-white. j Sierra's ultra-- fine tales- are sold under| the registered trade name of "MISTEOITM. They are graded to Hegman finenesses of 5-7 Sierra Mlstron talcs are opening new vistas in paint formulation. Their interesting and exclusive properties are as shown on page 2. The four basic types shown above have their counterpart in one or more Mistron talcs with the exception of the tremolitic type. NAP 70128643 SERIES *0" Ih . .tem u ti* contetead barate li in apratela ot tate* ban d * c u t e ! ter!, and lavaittfaKoai, hvt il m ! rarraahr^` U 11 r a n m n w d ,! Hut l,ll tette bl coflrfucted Hm d a tic i U tny pra&cf. THON 1568 [ GRADES, TYPES PROPERTIES AMD PT-18 RECOf-iKEffEATIONS - SIERRA PAINT TALCS ! Page 2 of6 pages June 1, 195k Properties of Sierra Mistron Talcs: a. They can be stirred in - require I further grinding, b. They are outstanding for film smoothness. c. They are non-settling and non-hardening in the can. d. They proiiiote pigment dispersion. e. In certain formulae they promote hiding power and can reduce cost by permitting a reduction in hiding pigment content. f. They quickly reduce gloss, hence are excellent for flatting or control of gloss. g. They promote viscosity increases, h. They improve ease of brushing and tend to prevent "sag." i. They are controlled tc definite xcp particle sizes. j. They are compatible with water emulsion resins. Descriptions of Sierra paint talcs by type follow. They are listed in the order of their fineness of grind from coarsest to finest. FIPR0U5 CR FOLIATED: Sierra's fibrous or Ifoliated talcs differ from those produced in other parts of the country. They are extremely soft in texture, snow-white, and consist of short, soft fibres, interspersed with platy particles. This combination of short fibres and platelets makes them the ideal type for adding strength to the paint film for promoting durability and for non-settling. Sierra grades: Fibrene C-300 Fibrene M-300 Fibrene C-UoO Fibrene C-500 Mistron 139 Mistron F-128 Mistron T-076 Mistron tGC Suggested uses: House paints, industrial paints, government specification paints, flat enamels. M a tron M3C paint talc is distinctive in that it is stearate coated while being ground. It has superior non-settling properties to any paint talc on the market. Its reduction in oil absorption permits it to be used in gloss enamels. For lacquer sealers and synthetic enamel finishes it is unexcelled. Fibrene M-300 is produced only at our Grand Island, Nebraska, mill from Montana talcs. It is similar to theother Fibrene talcs except that it con tains a portion of granular particles for slightly higher consistency in paints. 1REM3LITIC OR ACICOLAR; These talcs are similar to those produced in New York State and are altered from the mineral tremolite, a calcium magnesium silicate. They are characterized by their long, needle-like crystals and are considerably harder than the fibrous or foliated talcs. Sierra grades: NS SILVER I IS SILVER Suggested uses: Floor and deck paints, traffic paints and for aryother use where greater hardness of film and lower oil absorption is needed. NAP 70128644 SERIES 'D- THAN 1569 GRADES, TPES,PROPERTIES AND PT-18 RECOMMENDATIONS - SIERRA PAINT TALCS ?age 3 of pages June 1, 19$h PLATT OR MICACEOUS8 The pl&ty particle !shape of these talcs injarta superior flow, brushability and smoothness of film because the particles tend to align themselves in the same plane. They are similar to the better water-washed micas in these respects. They are the best for the promotion of hiding power. They add "slip11 to paints and printing inks. They are pure chemically, completely inert and extremely low in water solubles. Sierra grades . No . 7 Sagger Trinity Superfine Mistron HGO-75 Mistron HC-O-55 Suggested uses: Water emulsion paints, casein, latex, polyvinyl acetate, acrylic and also automotive lacquers, furniture finishes and enamellized house paints. GRANULAR: This type of talc is also commonly known as steatite. It is characterized by its dense, massive structure and uniformity of particle shape, which approaches the spherical, it is soft and sands readily without roughing or gumming. It promotes excellent adhesion. Sierra grades: Sierra White #111 Sierra CloWi Mistron HG-7S Suggested uses: Sanding sealers and surfacers. Nitro-cellulose and synthetic automotive and furniture finishes. We realize that the paint manufacturer will wish to formulate with as few grades of talc as possible. Therefore, the recommendations listed for the four different types are not necessarily rigid. With proper selection and formulation two or three talcs should serve all the needs of the paint plant. PAINT PROPERTIES AFFECTED BT TAIC SELECTION The following paragraphs indicate how paint properties can be altered or controlled by selecting the proper talcs. ! GLOSS (60) The Mistron talc3 are particularly effective for quick reduction and control of gloss in semi-gloss, egg-shell and flat enamels. They can be stirred in to a gloss paint to obtain ary degree of flatness desired. Selection of a particular Mistron talc for this purpose depends on the quantity limitations of the extender content and upon limitations as to viscosity. SHEEN Commonly called "angular sheen" and rated as 85 gloss, sheen can be enhanced by the selection' of a Mistron talc or almost eliminated by using a coarser ground talc such as the Fibrenes and Silver talcs. Coarser particle size extenders promote a rougher film surface which diffuses light than reflecting it. NAP 70128645 SERIES "D* OIL ABSCRPT20K Oil absorption has a bearing on the viscosity, gloss and working properties of a paint, but it has been exaggerated in its inqportance. The degree of oil absorption of a talc is affected by its particle size and particle shape. Oil absorption increases as the fineness of the talc is increased. Granular talcs yield the highest oil absorptions followed by platy, fibrous and tremolitic talcs in that order. ! TLlou 'GRADES, TYPES, PROPERTIES AND iPL-18 RECOMMENDATIONS - SIERRA PAINT TALCS 6Page It of pages June 1, 195U VISCOSITY Viscosity effects are indicated but not completely controlled by oil absorption. Generally speaking the platy and granular talcs yield the highest consistency in paint. Viscosity also increases as the fineness of the talc is increased. The Histron talcs are handy tools for increasing viscosity and this again is often done by merely stirring in the Histron. Histron JEC yields the lowest viscosity of any of the Histrons and thus is valuable where larger quantities of talc are desired in the formula without too great a consistency increase. FINENESS The fineness of a paint as determined on the Hegman gauge can be no greater than the micron size of the largest particle present in the paint pigments. Therefore, control of the top particle size of the talc is by iar the most important single factor determining paint fineness. If the finer grinds of It to 7 are required, and coarser extenders are used, particle size reduction has to take place in the paint mill. The Histron talcs overcome this difficulty ty coming ready for use WITHOUT farther grinding to yield fineness as high as Hegman 7* Selection of the talc to give a desired fineness can be determined ty consulting the tables. Fineness of grind is becoming more important with the Increased use of high speed paint mills and dispersion mills. HIDING POWER The index of refraction of talc being about the same as the oils and resins commonly used, talc does not by itself have appreciable hiding power. However, their great ability to disperse the hiding pigments and keep them dispersed does result in a significant increase in dry hide when the Histron talcs are. w e d . In research work done in our laboratories on flat wall paints, it was found that hiding power increase is relative to the specific surface of the talc. The Histron talcs,due to their very great surface area, result in a rapid increase of dry hide whereas little or no increase results when the coarser talcs are used. With the Histron talcs it is possible to decrease the amount of hiding pigments and thu3 decrease costs. PENETRATION AND Talcs are superior to other extenders in preventing flooding or COLOR STABILITY floating of color pigments, particularly in the deep tones. Because they tend to regard penetration, the Histron talcs are particularly effective in color uniformity over both sealed and unsealed surfaces. The platy talcs are superior in retarding penetration. CAN STABILITY Talc is one of the very best extenders for prevention and/or retarding of settling. The fibrous or foliated types are the most effective for non-settling. Histron ICC is the best of all talcs in suspension properties. When settling does occur in paints formulated with Sierra talcs, the settled portion remains soft and can be readily redispersed. DURABILITY The Fibrene talcs, due to their combination of fibrous and platy particles, contribute greatly to exterior durability. The platy talcs contribute to film smoothness and result in less dirt accumulation. HLstron HGO-75 has been proven superior in promotion of durability in water emulsion exterior paints. In paints having to withstand severe salt spray tests, Fibrene C-UOO is outstanding. The same is true of marine paints. NAP 70128646 SERIES *D THAN 1571 . ' GRADES, TIPES, PROPERTIES AND PT-18 RECOMMENDATIONS - SURRA PAINT TAICS Page 5 of 6 pages June i, 195U TEST METHODS AND REFERENCES ACID SOLUBLES are determined as follows t Boil 1 gm. of talc with $0 cc. of l/lO N sulfuric acid and about fjO cc. of distilled water. Then titrate to a faint pink with l/lO N sodium hydroxide using a few drops of phenolphthalein as indicator. The difference between the volume of acid and the required volume of sodium hydroxide multiplied by 0.28 equals the % of acid soluble substances calculated as CaO. SURFACE MEAN DIAMETER is determined in jthe Fisher Sub-sieve Particle Size Analyzer by the air permeability method of E. L. Gooden and C. M. Smith, Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal, Ed. !l2 U79-82 (l?ltO). Specific surface values are expressed as square meters per gram. SPECIFIC SURFACE is calculated from surface mean diameter according to the follow- ingt . where Sw - specific surface in cm?/g, gw m 6 x ICr dm surface mean diameter in microns dmP p specific gravity of sample PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIONt For couplet particle size analyses in the full range of micron sizes, consult Sierra's Talc Portfolio, Method! The turbimetric method of Musgrave and Harner. See Sierra's Technical Report No. 21-T. OIL ABSORPTION is reported by both the Gardner-Coleman and the spatula rub-out methods. Speneer-Kellog1s "SUPERIOR" linseed oil was used. Rub-out methods for oil absorption wererun to the Asam end-point. See M. A, Azam "Oil Absorption of Pigments" Ind. Eng. Chem., Anal.Ed. lli,5U5 (19U2) CONSISTENCI RATINGS are made on the Krebs modification of the Stormer Viscosimeter using a Uoii suspension of talc in linseed oil at 25 C., agitated for 10 minutes and consitency measured by ASTH Method D f>62-ltb. FLATTING AND HIDING POWER-are determined by results obtained in a gloss alkyd enamel. Efficiency of thie various talcs should be relatively the same for other finishes. For conplete results consult Sierra's Technical Report No. 22-T dated October 6, 1953. Talcs are rated in the order of their efficiency. No. 1 for instance gives the quickest and greatest reduction of gloss, No. 16, the least reduction, both determined at h0% pigment volume concentration. For reduction of angular sheen, measurements at 60i P.V.G. were used because this PVC accentuated to the greatestdegree the true difference between the various talcs. Hiding power determinations were rated at 70S P.V.C., the point at filch dry hide differences could be best accentuated. For complete chemic^Lanalyses and physical properties, consult Sierra's Talc Portfolio and published Technical Reports. NAP 70128647 SERIES *D* THAN 1572 *'J 1 r CHPCCAt. AMD m rnSLL mOPPtTIES o r TYPICiL 3AHPLE3 OF SIHUIA FAIKT n ie s qcbocai H to m rn g %Cm hinauf Ca ad )fc S il ic a t * * , tC alolm O xid, CaO %A dd So lafel* * a CaO, fL an ob Ig B ttlo a , pTala* S p *d fie R*alataaea, Ctau Plbrooo C-300 e j-89 s-u s-u 13-1* 9.1 1,200 Plbroao K-300 90-92 *1-6 3-5 6-7 9 .0 ll,560 P lbrA * C-UOO 88-90 5-7 5-7 8-9 9 .3 7, 3 Plbroao c -500 90-92 l*-6 3-5 6-7 94i 12 ,720 M.S. 3TOT 5-71 9-10 3-5 6-7 9.11 5,580 I.S . S v tr 8 9 -9 1 9-10 3-5 6-7 9*li 5,170 Sw r _ il_ 5li-56 1-3 1-3 9-10 9.1 12,200 T rinity Soporfino 91-92 . 75- 1 .5 90-1.2 5-6 9.3 15,160 S ie r r a ttiitO J3 S L 85-69 6-10 6-10 10-11 9 .3 3,170 S ie r r a Cload 89-91 2-3 2-3 6-7 9.1 6,900 KUtron M istreo KLatrao 139 P-128 _ 2 H . 90-92 I1-6 3-5 6-7 9.1 7,360 90-92 1-6 3-5 6-7 9b 7,360 90-9* 3-5 6-7 9.k 7,360 MO 90-92 l*-6 3-5 6-7 9 .6 5,675 XUtre 800-75 jm-2 91-92 .7 5 -1 .5 .9 0 -1 .2 5-6 9 .3 15,160 91-92 .75-1.5 . 90-1 .2 5-6 9.3 15,160 M iltW PKTtlel* S lt t ltt NLeroBB S v fa e * Mmb Dia. in Mieren* Sp*eifia 9q Mrbr/Oraa tSeroes, ..trevfh 32$Ma*h____ FIim t tfe a B 4T *I*n t Sp h w laal Di--e t r r i * M icrona 20 10 Ih 1 OTBtt WTSICAL H to m T P B 60 50 IM 8. 5- 2.7 2- 2.li 2. 3- 2.5 0. 7-0.8 0. 9- 1.0 0.8-0.9 98-98. 5- 99- 99. 2-- 99. 3-99.6 86J i 81. 1 58.8 6 1 .1 27.6 33.2 7.0 6.6 B5 .*t 59.2 25.2 5 .5 b.0 1. 6-2 .0 0. 9- 1.0 99.6-99.8 96.5 72.0 3b.O 8 .0 70 fc.9- 5.0 0.S -0.6 - 96^ 6 55.5 29.5 12.5 3.2 60 3 . 5-3 .9 0. 6-0 .7 99- 99.3 70.9 36.0 16.5 6.0 60 3. -3.6 0. 7-0.6 W - 77.0 56.5 26.6 7.2 66 60 U6 30 15 12 2- 2.5 3. 1- 3.3 2. 9- 3.0 1. 2-1.3 1- 1.2 0. 6-0 .9 0. 9-U 0 0.& O .7 0. 7-0.9 1. 8- 1.9 2. 1- 2.3 2. 3- 2*b 99. 2- 99. 6_ 93-96 -99. 2^99.6 __ 100 - 100__ - 100- 75.3 69.0 76.9 36.7 66.0 69.0 lk .7 18.5 17.5 2.6 3.1 2 .6 96.7 100 lo o 6U1 93.5 97.3 66.8 52.6 59.7 13.6 15.9 20.6 0 1-1 .2 2. 0-2 .2 100 100 100 7 5 .1 20.7 12 0. 7-0 .9 2. 7-2 .9 -100 100 96.9 51.1 1 2 .6 9 .5 0. 5-0 .6 3.W .0 100-- 100 100 66.6 25.7 Sp#dfi Orarity Wai|ht pr Solid Qallen 1 1 k . fcilka/toallent Apparat Dteaity Soett M i H iT| lb a ./ ft.^ Ivaim** ipporont RailMtanaa (Oroi P llta r) o u ju c w p t ic s n o n . 2.79 2.77 23.26 .06303 23.07 01035 23-26 20-21 88 85 2.79 23. 21 0t3O3 22-23 86 2.79 23. 2t .01303 19-21 66 2.05 2.65 2.S0 23. 7t 23. 71 23.32 01(212 .Oi212 .0i*2M 32-33 21-29 zti-25 63 85 76 2.76 22.99 0*i350 23- 2* 7 2.69 22.U 0Ut62 26-29 75 2.73 22. 7*1 01(227 27-28 61 2.79 23. 2k 0lJ03 U -15 86 2.79 23. 2b .<*303 2.79 2.79 2.76 23. 2* 23. 2* 22.99 . 0*003 . 0*003 . 0i3$O 12-13 11-12 10-11 10-11 68 68 81 85 2.76 22.99 ot35o 8-9 85 wi iboonrtlon S t t t d * U feO at 1U ./I0O Iba. l l i l i U r a por 20 OrM (Oirtoa r Calwwa Hrtbad) CooBlaton^r in Tlniaaart o u hfitS*p en *lee, KT b M M ftaMMM In Ml F la t t la f E ffi*i*n e y - 6 0 Gloa* 85 8mm Jdin * To**rK ating 26-30 7-8 66-70 2-3 12 3 13 30-32 8-9 70-72 2-3 11 Jt 12 30-32 7. 5-8 70-75 2. 5- 3.5 9 6 9 28-30 7-6 71-73 3. 5- 1*$ S 6 a 26-26 6-7 55-60 1-2 16 1 16 28-30 6 . 5- 7.S 60-62 2-3 15 7 11 32- 3* 7-6 65-67 2-3 13 10 i 32- 31 6-9 70-75 3. 5-U 5 6 5 7 26-28 8-8 .5 6b-66 1. 5-2.5 11 2 15 30-32 7-8 62- 2-3 10 9 10 35-37 9-10 87-89 l-5 7 11 6 38-1,0 U -U i 10 -10 .5 10 -U 89-98 5-6 li u 5 9b-97 6-7 5 13 t 33-35 6-9 66-69 6-7 2 16 3 50-52 55-60 13-U i 15-16 116-119 6-7 3 li 2 130-150 6-7 1 15 1: ^70128648 SBMES *o* Pago 6 Juno 1 , 195 THftH 1573