Document VJo588yLddvr7vqBOVXmD4oD8

L IA15 872 Ton XELEASX BDT EAltxm TBU b TM., Tuaaday, April a, 196b c c c t ic a i. rmms cy h a d m *r Bchrada 7. Itedtka Director ITOBUmiCBAL 12AD UC KSS2AHCH CMMaZASXCg 292 Kadlacn Arenas In Tork IT, I. T. Id p-ftt years, shm I bam discussed Lead isaaereh, X hem referred to lftftA aa ft aodam mtal. Lead la mpaulra to thft latat tftch&lQQfta for alley devalnpMBt and ecnpfttlhlft vlth tha newest products. Cbly recently, laad Cffspounda bam been Identified aa light eenaltlw mtarlala to develop new pfaotcgrsphio rjstrna All of these danralojaaota, pins the findings of USD research, dearly lodleftto th foraftlglrt of thoftft vho rsewoted and organised m Intcmctleasel rassarch progrm for lead. While there la such part to h* done thft road ahead la mply narked vlth signposts pointing to potentially eocceeeful demlopnente with leportsnt oiiMsirlal application*. Cb of thft aoat interesting breakthroughs has hose la th field of perMi-alete head mtallurgy. lev alley aystea* for lead bars been dsvalopad vlth laproved physical aod corroftloa characteristics. Ih* results bars base of such significance, that at least firs of our amber or assodsted coeponlee are sarloosly considering or bars begin coaaerclal exploitatloo of thft results arising, not only from oar research, bat fm lodftpsodmt research which they ham ccodactad. Qtsaft laad alloys spy ear praising for batteries, enmltlcn, as a sarMnshls shielding aaterlal aid for cshla sheathing, lbt vininrisatlcn of the salf-oorroelnB characteristics of the lead-lead oxide alley systm aa coopered to the laad mtlaaxr ijtUa, offers distinct adrsetagea. Xt vlll greatly Lsprova shelf Ufa and thereby open up new aarketa for the lead acid storage battery for portable tools aa vail aa for all types of electronic and alactrlcally-pciverad accessories. TO In sure that these aarketa can be exploited, ve era undertaking research co the Join ing of particulate metallurgy products, aa veil as co the carrodcs behavior of these alleys la sulphuric add aedla vbeo osployad aa battery grid aatarlala. Oar fundmental alloy developaent progrm la, of course, continuing to provide bank* ground lnforaetlcn for the ccoaerdal demlopaent of these nor alley system. Criticise has been leveled at tha coat aspects of these nev alley system, Hovervr, research conducted by related Industrial organlratlon# Indicate* that th price of thft*ft alloys can h brought vlthla reason vlth, of eoursft, a far greater potential eomerclally. Va bam found tlm and again that this focusing of Joint technical ahUltlm can usually raanva cost or other barriers. freaseted at tha 36th amnal aeetlng of tha Lead Induatrlaa Association, Xnc. 0 Bt. Louis, KUaourl April 21, 196b LIA15 87 3 * i --fl,.ii ii*ai m&k --i.--i -- --i a m --^ ' ---- >--. 11,1111,, > iianiiWiiiiiiaii<anaai~tiii--i i--iea -a- Thl particular de--lojo--t alao aa^aalt-- th# HOW reaaareh approach. Ivary naw product, every Dev alloy develops--t, oust be considered aa part of a Q syat--. In other voids, tha ayataoa --gineerlng concept oust be appllad aoroaa tfca board. Vlth thesa new alloyi , not only nuat va knew bow to produce tha alloya and to daralop mmtrimwt propertl--, but va auat undarataad thalr eorroaloo charac teristic*, thalr strength* and veakn--a--, and. bov to loin tha aatarlala by vald* leg or adb--1-- bonding. Xt la believed that thia approach to sev laad alloy ayataaa should prodaoa lap--d alloya for cabla aheethiag. Vlth hlgiar strength, thlsnar sections caa ba producad which make lead nor* caspetltlve cost-vise aa vail aa froa tha stand* point of total valgbt of tha eahla ayataa. Saaa aay crltlclca thia drl-- torard reducing tha total aaouat of laad eaplcyed In tha ah--thing ayataa. Va faal that thia concept vlll halp ua to ratals our shara of tha eahla ah--thing aarkat, rath-- than to loaa It antlraly to cc^atltl-- aatarlala. Thara ara aacy now eahla (heath* lng tyrta-- i&lch ecapletely iyior# tha o m of laad. Hove--r, va faal that tha advantag-- derived fren theae nav alloy ayst--a, ahould anmhla ua to ratals at least a shara of the maxket on a long tana b--la. Additional research la Indicating he* tha various pi--tie --terlala --ployed for eahla ah--thing can ba hoodad to lead vlth eh--leal bonds rather than al^le perbar,leal bonds. Although all tha anavare have not ba-- obtained, va bare bad aufflclant aucceaa to Indicate that a goal la In right. o Share baa ba-- acne dlasppdntaaat vlth progress In da--loping a aarkat for A laad -- -- acoustical attenuator. Severer, a great deal of effort baa be--, --d TM vlll ba, required la order to fully achieve tha potential which lead h-- la this area. Tha probl--a ba-- be-- truly anounental. Thera --a tha prObl-- of ediirsting people. Including the architect, on tha real need to provide acoustical privacy. Host lsport--t, -- had to convince tha ecutractor that ha auat product a quality bulldlng vhera cornets ara not cut --d acoustical privacy la assured. This educational process la not --ccnpllshad easily or quickly. However, tha fact that succeea e-- ba achieved la Indicated by vhst baa ba-- dene by our associ ates la Australia and In ftigland. Progr--a boa alao be-- aada In the tkdtad 8tst-- aod Canada. Vlth petlenca co our part, ccntractors, bulIdera, and state, federal and city building cod-- vlll require laproved acoustical parforaanca la bull dings of all types--not only office buildings--but in dwelling* -- veil. Tha laer--alag value of apace, and the ability to produce thin vail partitions to aazlalM tha naa of avallahla spec*, vlll produea a parallel d--and for laad. Pr----t --tlvltl-- are ecncarned vlth the utilisation of laad la aovahla build* lng partitions. Panel manufacturer* ha-- advlstd ua that they ha-- varying require* sects for ae--atlcal performance la office d--lpi*. Xt is oft-- difficult for th--i to taka existing aecncedc panel ayat--a, and upgrade th-- to provide laproved ecouatical perform--c*. Lead la virtually tha only aaterlal which c-- provide variation la ac--stlcal performance for a glv-- p--el syat--. Xn--atlgatlco of penal Aasiffa Indlcat-- tha ecopateblllty of laad and th* ability to a^loy it efficiently and aff--ti--ly la theae A--lgae. inaaaUk^aa--n--^ ---- a----a--e--h--M | I II PMMPJIJP mmmm ij pim i LIA15874 Mdltlce*! research ha* shewn the efficiency of this lead for over-the-cellinf acoustical attenuation. Che re<jiireaent here Is for lcw-cost lead aheet for this application, lead la uniquely adapted to this application hecanse of Its foinability and ease of cutting and fitting for field Installation. Aa occtractora and arcbltecta become ware of the efficiency of lead In this respect, an Important Market vi.ll open. Ve hare long considered that la the reals of thin, lcw-cost lead sheet, the IK Machine, originally developed hy Co bId c o sod ccnrerted Into a eoesaardal ap paratus by Broken Bill Associated Smeltera, Is uniquely adapted for the production of this naterlsl. XUftO research in this area la pointing-up ltproreoents vhich can be nada In tha casting technique for nost efficient us# of this apparatus. Cos of ths nost significant advances in the use of the 2X lanrhirve la the ability to Incorporate vire relnforeenent Is the lsed aheet during the casting process. EGAS has designed and developed auxiliary e^ilpmnt for tha basin IK machine to permit full scale production of vlre-relnforcsd lead sheet. Oils la a significant development since It permits the utilisation of free barging lead aheet for aaay applications, not only la the acoustical aarket, but also la ths eben&eal narkst. There baa been excellmt response to our asking available drivings of the 36-inch IK Machine nor installed In Ksrt Plrle, Australia. Many sets of these drawings base been sold throughout tha vorld, and undoubtedly nary of these casting units are non under construction ear mder consideration by ~~~*g -* Just emerging successfully fron the lahoratoxy. Is a process for high speed electrodeposltlng of pore-free coatings of lead and lead-tin alleys. The resulting aaterlal should have application for containers for autoaotlve gas tnks aa veil aa In tha architectural field. The eecnomlcs of this systea are favorable, par ticularly in vlev of the hli speed with vhlch the alloy can be laid doun on the ferrous substrate, as sell as Its eompetabillty vlth existing electrolytic tln1 eoatlng lines. Because of the excellent corrosion reelstmce of leed coatings on steel, Ihe container Industry hat indicated that lead or terne coatings vould be employed fear nonfood containers. Various steps, soldering and veldlng tests, as veil as paint ing application tests, are under v^r to provide oocoplete data on the performance of this aaterlal. It is known that the treetmant of cotton vlth Metallic vlll produee special properties such as rot, flsuv or alldsv reslst.inc* snd vater repellency. Lead chrooate vlll extend the life of cotton fabrics exposed to sunlight; lead hydroxide Imparts flaea reslstancs to ootton. Our research Is designed to find new reactions of lead compounds vlth cellulose vhlch vlll provide loproved prop erties for cotton. Other lead ccero-uds are being acrxued vlich here the possi bility of being lntolubtllted la or on ths cotton. One orgnuaiesd hoe been shewn to give ootton reasonably good vater repellency and rot resistance. A mw process for depositing metallic lead vithln ths cotton fiber by ehw- leal reaction methods has been discovered. This significant discovery Is being set forth la a patsnt application. waaaw iiw iwmii i wn' ig "i nmagnjiin....nn wmuM<nsmM s r s t iSfct' mmmmm LIA15875 Lead on concrete will significantly Increase mlitixi to eorrosire attack. o Corrosive acids In sewage system* have 'been known to quickly set mnf the ocoewU storage tanks. Our research 1* directed at the deposition of lead In concrete pore* by Man* of a ehcelcal reaction. Success In this re*earth project vlU assn that thin film* of corroslon'reslstant lead can be deposited cn concrete with good adherence. Tba cermiie* industry baa uaad aignificant yuantitiea of land In tba foa of various chemical compounds. Lead compounds are known to lower tha firing tempermture of various type* of immIi , aueh aa glased glasa bottle decoration, glased ennnala on rltreoua tiles and eons porcelain enaaele cn steel and aluminas. dnllw quantities are oanraaed bgr tba specialty items produced by tba elactronlcs o c q o b* enta mraufacturer*. HOT contributaa to knowledge in tba ceramic* industry by epoaaorlng graduate fellowsbipa at leading unlrersltlaa throughout tba world. These research data go eventually to tba ultimate consumer through articles publlebed In the rarlou* Joaf* One of the growing areas of technology is in the field of organcaetallle ocmpounds. These ere ecepounds In which natal atone are Joined to organic groups. Tha noat fraous of all organonetallic coEjouaJi, produced in tha greatest yisntl^ throughout tba work, is lead tetraethyl. Because of tha success of this lead organonetallic compound, as veil aa the potential of the rapidly greving ehaxical Industry over the years, ve have expanded our research in tba cbanlcal field. Bli is a market with a tremendous growth potential. It is a narket which has product a tremendous mnber of new products for Industry and for consosar use. Therefore, we feel that ve are Justified in Increasing tba scope of our sffbrt in this Im portant Tha progrea baa been composed of two fundamental synthetic programs, cna In the United States and one in Holland, where new and different lead cugaucnetallis ecepounds hare been synthesized. As the programs developed and advanced, and with the availability of a masher of new compounds, the next step was to explore tba potential application of these compounds. These studies were initiated; compounds were made available to governaoaat, academic and industrial laboratories. Because of tha excellent response, it vas decided to initiate pilot production of sons of the most Interesting of these coap>r. ndj. Next throve *cnouncoaerrts in the techni cal Journals, through edrertisovrtij rad publicity, ve advised that tbaa* compounds would be made available to qualified laboratories, at no charge, for evaluation of potential application* for these materials. Early lt,t v*ar, pilot produc' >.^a of sigilflosrt crr'.-uiti waa initiatad. ComCurrent with las pilot production :>f these compounds, it vts pVonad to anke *v*llable data on tie cheslcal behavior of theca compotccd*, in veil aa on potential applications based on hl&s-spot screening work done at vuricoa chtmlcal laboratories throughout tha world. Flans for this program were than sutmltted to the LIA and to tha IXA and to tbs Italian Lead Institute to assist us in pi Mining dissmslnatlca of information regarding tha program, and In making annnunowants and preparing advertisement* cn the availability of these materials. aa'-upugi j .j uw j iii'm;.'j w i iij u iw iw 411U JLllJE-JIUJJ P. !SW m? LIA15876 -- n. II Wioii'niiliiirnti mate 1* f,retiaiaiMttaMmi -i auiieeimttiiilhii -5- Subaaquant to th# anaouncmamit#, which have bean Issued, over a hundred request* have case througi for these compounds. Countries lnelndedt togland, Holland, lerael, Ceraany, the United State*, JbitnUt, Mexico, Spain, India, Italy and franca. The** cccpcunda art under consideration as antifouling plgaant* la marlM palate, to vulcanize rubber (natural and synthetic), aa paatloldaa, for stabilising polymer*, aa eatalyrt* for the polyurethane foaming reaction, for pharracological applications, for enzyme Inhibition, for aetereo apeclflo polymerisation compounds and aa tma-esterlflcatlcn catalyata. Compcuada are belay etudled la a lingo call* ulnae dsgrmdaticn reaction, aa starting material* for synthesizing other casycroil, aa lubricant addltlres, aa moth-proofing agent* and as moth and rodent repellent*} aa urea condensation catalyata; aa bactericide* and catalyata for nucleophylllc aubatltutlon. They are being etudled In cooaerlcal paint vatecta, aa fungicldaa and for treatment of bnharxlaala. BUharclaeia la a tropical dlaaaaa apread by anllneoa which appear In th* vatera of the Riddle Seat, While this My seen a rtrang* and rather unimportant application, the potential la trmandou*. It he* been estimated that In certain coustrle* eucb aa Syria, th* ua* of orgaooMtallle ccgpCTaida for water treatment alone vlll require about 10 to 20,000 tone of thla material per year. The*a coepounda are also being looked at aa antiknock agents, for wood preearvwliom and for textile treatments. Th* material la being investigated for it* aterold barmans activity, and It baa bean shewn to hanr* a algnlflcant acticn against namamry tumor*. Another lstereatlsg application, la lta potential against liiflnaaetnry diseases, such as arthritis. i JilH 'I npijpi'i- wpg Much of thla research la being den* by th* organisation* which Z have mwrHnnad before. The ccnpenlea which are undertaking these application atudlae. Include major chemical corporations throughout th* world. in addition to these etndlee, v* are Investigating th* use of lead rri^vxnida aa lubricant additives to Improve lubricant performance. Several of the lead com pounds shoe excellent behavior la this respect over a relatively wide range of t M1 ersture* as well. The potential in thla market tree 1* significant. Result* to data have been most promising and we hope by the end of the year ve will bar* Iden tified important luhricwrt systems fairToying lead as a principal additive agent. We are conducting a program Jointly supported by XLZRO ad th* United States Department of Agriculture. Another progrmi of Importance 1* a cooperative effbrt between ILTIC and th* 0. S. levy to Investigate, on a large scale, th* behavior at lead compound* aa antifouling pigMots. m addition to the research which la enumerated shore, many publications and papers have arisen from theta program*. Ve have several patent* with respect to th* ayntheels of new lead ccmpouzxlj. A farther contribution of interest la lead orgencmetallle. chemletry, has been th* preparation of a major literature review of reaearch progreae on.thla subject. Thla has recently b*n publlihad and *111 aoon b* distributed to Industrial organisations, government laboratories aa wall aa to universities and college* la th* United States, Canada, fixgland, Burope and OAustralia. All of thla research la awakening Interest la lead as n Important chemical, and ve feel that there will be many logortent Industrial devalopmsta arising from thla program. I P'PPPUipfl wmmmrn LIA15877 # | W with to Mghaalt* that potential success la this field will derive msdnly o from the wonderful support v are getting from the trad* aeeocletlcc* vlth whom v* are associated. Without their uilituci la disseminating Information about this program, response to the availability of thee* lead compounds would he eaell Indeed. The associations here hen extremely helpful, for example, la promoting technical and ccanerclal feature* of our reaearch aealalleted la brochure* cm completed pro ject*. In thl* ecutext Z would like to esntlon our ILZ3!0 Research Digest with which most of yew are familiar. This hook. Which rtranarlies ecatractora' progress c b omr metallurgical, chemical and alactrocbamlcal program*, has proved vary affective for keeping our member ccnpsois* ahreeet of the developments Z here just reviewed for ym* While a eubetentlal maount of our research Is devoted to aew product develop* meat end the exploretloe of aew arees for le ad application, we have act neglected our traditional markets. these Include the architectural ead building market, the electxlcal Industry la utilizing lead for cahl* sheathing, devwlopmnts for the solder market, leed-coated steal* sod the bettery Industry. We are consolidating our data on the corrosion behavior of feed la varloua asdla. HZFO'b cootlmrlng reeeareb la the pigeent field, ae well as la ceramics, should develop a grating Interest la lead as an Important component la these various systems. A substantial amount of fundamental reaearch Is being mdertaksn on the health and safety aspect* of lead. Its o'atKHuuls ad Its ty-products. All of this combined ressarcb * contribute to the eautlnnlag strength of the market for lead md It* caapounds. ### gjppwiuw 1 iJ^Ji iJ.JU.Ji.4.!P|!i,-.