Document VJZw6E5nmyJkEywBrOnqvx4rZ

1910.1001 Titto 29--Labor ' Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 1900 to 1919 Revised as of July 1, 1979 1910.1001 Asbestos. " <a> Definitions. For the purpose of this section. (1) "Asbestos" includes chrysotile. amosite. crocidolite, tremolite. anthophyllite. and actinolite. (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5 micrometers. (b) Permissible exposure to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers--(1) Standard effective July 7. 1972. The 8hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed shall not exceed five fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centi meter of air. as determined by the method prescribed m paragraph (e) of this section. t2> Standard effective July 1, 1976. The 8-hour time-weighted average air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be ex posed shall not exceed two fibers. A f' .yu'r oo Chapter XVil--Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1910.1001 longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic moved from bags, cartons, or other centimeter of air, as determined by containers in which they are shipped, the method prescribed in paragraph without being either wetted, or en (e) of this section. closed, or ventilated so as to prevent (3) Ceiling concentration. No em effectively the release of airborne as ployee shall be exposed at any time to bestos fibers in excess of the limits airborne concentrations of asbestos prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer tion. than 5 micrometers, per cubic centi (ill) Spraying, demolition, or remov meter of air, as determined by the ed. Employees engaged in the spraying method prescribed in paragraph (e) of of asbestos, the removal, or demolition this section. of pipes, structures, or equipment cov (c) Methods of compliance--it) Engi ered or insulated with asbestos, and in neering methods. (I) Engineering con the removal or demolition of asbestos trols. Engineering controls, such as, insulation .or coverings shall be pro but not limited to, isolation, enclosure, vided with respiratory equipment in exhaust ventilation, and dust collec accordance with paragraph (d)(2)(iii) tion, shall be used to meet the expo of this section and with special cloth sure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) ing in accordance with paragraph of this section. (dX3) of this section. (ii) Local exhaust ventilation, (a) (d) Personal protective equipment-- Local exhaust ventilation and dust col (1) Compliance with the exposure lection systems shall be designed, con limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of structed, installed, and maintained in. this section may not be achieved by accordance with the American Nation the use of respirators or shift rotation al Standard Fundamentals Governing of employees, except: the Design and'Operation of Local Ex (1) During the time period necessary haust Systems, ANSI Z9.2-1971, which to install the engineering controls and is incorporated by reference herein. to institute the work -practices re (6) See 1910.6 concerning the avail quired by paragraph (c) of this sec ability of ANSI Z9.2-1971, and the tion; maintenance of a historic file in con (ii) In work situations in which the nection therewith. The address of the methods prescribed in paragraph (c) American National Standards Insti of this section are either technically tute is given in $ 1910.100. not feasible or feasible to an extent in (iii) Particular tools. All hand-oper sufficient to reduce the airborne con ated and power-operated tools which centrations of asbestos fibers below may produce or release asbestos fibers the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) in excess of the exposure limits pre of this section; or scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec (iii) In emergencies. tion. such as, but not limited to, saws, (iv) Where both respirators and per scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, sonnel rotation are allowed by para shall be provided with local exhaust graphs (d)(1) (i), (ii), or (iii) of this sec ventilation systems in accordance with tion, and both are practicable, person subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph. nel rotation shall be preferred and (2) Work practices--(i) Wet methods. used. Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall (2) Where a respirator is permitted be handled, mixed, applied, removed, by paragraph (d)(1) of this section, it cut. scored, or otherwise worked in a shall be selected from among those ap wet state sufficient to prevent the proved by the Bureau of Mines, De emission of airborne fibers in excess of partment of the Interior, or the Na the exposure limits prescribed in para tional Institute for Occupational graph (b) of this section, unless the Safety and Health, Department of usefulness of the product would be di Health, Education, and Welfare, under minished thereby. the provisions of 30 CFR Part 11 (37 (ii) Particular products and oper F.R. 6244, Mar. 25, 1972), and shall be ations. No asbestos cement, mortar, used in accordance with subdivisions coating, grout, plaster, or similar ma (1), (ii), (iii), and (iv) of this subpara terial containing asbestos shall be re graph. 581 A i 0 o 'r 3  1910.1001 Till* 29--Labor (i) Air purifying respirators. A reus unable to function normally wearing a able or single use air purifying respira respirator, or that the safety or health tor. or a respirator described in para of the employee or other employees graphs (d)(2) (ii) or (iii) of this section, will be impaired by his use of a respi shall'be used to reduce the concentra rator. Such employee shall be rotated tions of airborne asbestos-fibers in the to another job or given the opportuni respirator below the exposure limits ty to transfer to a different position prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec whose duties he is able to perform tion. when the ceiling or the 8-hour with the same employer, in the same time-weighted average airborne con geographical area and with the same centrations of asbestos fibers are rea seniority, status, and rate of pay he sonably expected to exceed no more had just prior to such transfer, if such than 10 times those limits. a different position is available. (ii) Powered, air purifying inspira (2) Special clothing: The employer tors. A full facepiece powered air puri shall provide, and require the use of. fying respirator, or a powered air puri special clothing, such as coveralls or fying respirator, or a- respirator de similar whole body clothing, head co scribed in paragraph (dX2)(iii) of this verings, gloves, and foot coverings for section, shall be used to reduce the any-employee exposed to airborne con concentrations of airborne asbestos centrations of asbestos fibers, which fibers in the respirator below the ex exceed the ceiling level prescribed in posure limits prescribed in paragraph paragraph (b) of this section. (b) of this section, when the ceiling or (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed the 8-hour time-weighted average'con place of employment exposed to air centrations of asbestos fibers are rea borne concentrations of asbestos fibers sonably expected to exceed 10 times, in excess of the exposure limits pre but not 100 times, those limits. scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec (iii) Type "C" supplied-air respira tion. the employer shall provide tors, continuous flow or pressure- change rooms for employees working demand class. A type "C" continuous regularly at the place. flow or pressure-demand, supplied-air (ii) Clothes lockers: The' employer respirator shall be used to reduce the shall provide two separate lockers or concentrations of airborne asbestos containers for each employee, so sepa fibers in the respirator below the ex rated or isolated as to prevent con posure limits prescribed in paragraph tamination of the employee's street (b) of this section, when the ceiling or clothes from his work clothes. the 8-hour time-weighted average air (iii) Laundering: (o) Laundering of borne concentrations of asbestos fibers asbestos contaminated clothing shall are reasonably expected to exceed 100 be done so as to prevent the release of times those limits. air-borne asbestos fibers in excess of (iv) Establishment of a respirator the exposure limits prescribed in para program, (a) The employer shall es graph (b) of this section. tablish a respirator program in accord (b) Any employer who gives asbes ance with the requirements of the tos-contaminated clothing to another American National Standards Prac person for laundering shall inform tices for Respiratory Protection, ANSI such person of the requirement in Z88.2-1969, which is incorporated by paragraph-(d)(4)(iii)(a) of this section reference herein. to effectively prevent the release of (b) See 1910.6 concerning the avail airborne asbestos fibers in excess of ability of ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the the exposure limits prescribed in para maintenance of a historic file in con graph (b) of this section. nection therewith. The address of the (c) Contaminated clothing shall be American National Standards Insti transported in sealed impermeable tute is given in 1910.1C0. bags, or other closed, impermeable (c) No employee shall be assigned to containers, and labeled in accordance tasks requiring the use of respirators with paragraph (g) of this section. if, based upon his most recent exami (e) Method of measurement All de nation, an examining physician deter terminations of airborne concentra mines that the .employee will be tions of asbestos fibers shall be made Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration 1910.1001 by the membrane filter method at quency and pattern as to represent 40C-4S0 x (magnification) (4 millime with reasonable accuracy the levels of ter objective) with phase contrast illu exposure of the employees. In no case mination. shall sampling be at' intervals greater (f) Monitoring--(1) Initial determi than 6 months for employees whose nations. Within months of the publi exposures to asbestos may reasonably cation of this section, every employer be foreseen to exceed the exposure shall cause every place of employment limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of where asbestos fibers are released to this section. be monitored in such a way as to de (4) Employee observation of moni termine whether every employee's ex toring. Affected employees, or their posure to asbestos fibers is below the representatives, shall be given a rea limits' prescribed in paragraph (b) of sonable opportunity to observe any this section. If the limits are exceeded, monitoring required by this paragraph the employer shall immediately under take a compliance program in accord-, ance with paragraph (c) of this sec tion. (2) Personal monitoring--(i) Sam and shall have access to the records* thereof. , (g)' Caution signs and labels. (1) Caution signs, ii) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed ples shall be collected from within the at each location where airborne con breathing zone of the employees, on centrations of asbestos fibers may be membrane filters of 0.8 micrometer in excess of the exposure limits pre porosity mounted in an open-face scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec filter holder. Samples shall be taken- tion. Signs shall be posted at such a for the determination of the 8-hour distance from* such a location so that time-weighted average airborne con an employee may read the signs and centrations and of the ceiling concen take necessary protective steps before trations of asbestos fibers. entering the area marked by the signs. (ii) Sampling frequency and pat Signs.shall be posted at all approaches terns. After the initial determinations required by paragraph (f)(1) of this section, samples shall be of such fre quency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of employees. In no case shall the sampling be done at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may rea sonably be foreseen to exceed the limits prescribed by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental monitoring--(i) to areas containing excessive concen trations of airborne asbestos fibers. (ii) Sign specifications. The warning signs required by paragraph (g)(l)(i) of this section shall conform to the requirements. of 20" x 14" vertical format * signs specified in 1910.145(d)(4), and to this subdivi sion. The sigps shall display the fol lowing legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. Samples shall be collected from areas Legend Nattbon of a work environment which are rep Asbestos------------------------------------- I" Sans Sent. Gothic or resentative of the airborne concentra Block. tions of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing zone of employ Oust HazardSans Serif. GoMc or Slock. Avoid Breathing Oust:___________ __ V.~ Gothic. ees. Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer po rosity mounted in an open-face filter Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Do Not Remain in Area Unless Your Work Requires It V," Gothic. Y.~ Gothic. holder. Samples shall be taken for the Breathing Asbestos Oust May Be <4 point Gottae. determination of the 8-hour time- Hazardous To Your Health. weighted average airborne concentra Spacing between lines shall be at least tions and of the ceiling concentrations equal to the height of the upper of of asbestos fibers. any two lines. (ii) Sampling frequency and pat (2) Caution labels--(!) Labeling. Cau terns. After the initial determinations tion labels shall be affixed to all raw required by paragraph (f)(1) of this materials, mixtures, scrap, waste, section, samples shall be of such fre debris, and other products containing 40-073 0--79--- 583  1910.1001 Tiff* 29--Labor asbestos fibers, or to their containers, except that no label is required where asbestos fibers have been modified by a bonding agent, coating, binder, or other material so that during any rea sonably* foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or trans portation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph <-b) of this section will be released. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by paragraph (g)(2)(i) of this section shall be printed in let-; ters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Cautxoh Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Harm .(h) Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of em ployment shall be maintained free of accumulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive coaceiitration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos Waste; scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated clothing, consipied for disposal, which may produce in any reasonably fore seeable use. handling, storage, process ing, disposal, or transportation air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph Co) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (1) Recordkeeping--( 1) Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain records of any personal or environ mental monitoring required by this section. Records shall be maintained for a period of at least 20 years and shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representatives of either. (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have rea sonable access to any record required to be maintained by .paragraph <i)(l) of this section, which indicates the employee's own exposure to asbestos fibers. (3) Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in excess of the limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion shall be notified in writing of the exposure as soon as practicable but not later than 5 days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely no tified of the corrective action being taken. (j) Medical examinations--(1) Gen eral The employer shall provide or make available at his cost, medical ex aminations relative to exposure to as bestos required by this paragraph. (2) jPreplacement The employer shall provide or make available to each of his employees, within 30 calen dar days following his first employ ment in an occupation exposed to air borne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical exam ination, which shall include, as a mini mum, a chest roentgenogram (posteri or-anterior -14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respira tory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,.). (3) Annual examinations. On or before January 31, 1973, and at least annually thereafter, every employer shall provide, or make available, com prehensive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occu pations exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a mini mum. a chest roentgenogram (posteri or-anterior 14 x 17 inches), a history to elicit symptomatology of respira tory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,^,). (4) Termination of employment The employer shall provide, or make avail able, within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment of any employee engaged in an occu pation exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, a comprehen sive medical examination which shall 584 Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Administration include, os a minimum, a chest roentgei.ogram (posterior-anterior 14 X 17 inches), a history to elicit symptoma tology of respiratory disease, and pul monary function tests to include forced vital capacity <FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,-). (5) Recent examinations. No medical examination is required of any em ployee. if adequate records show that the employee has been examined in accordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period.. (6) Medical records--(i) Mainte nance. Employers of employees exam ined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of all such medical examinations. Records shall be re tained by employers for at least 20 years. (ii) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the* medical examinations re quired by this paragraph shall * be made available, for inspection and copying, to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to au- 78 1910.19 Special provisions for air conUuninants. (a) Asbestos dust Section 1910.1001 shall apply to the exposure of every employee to asbestos dust in every em ployment and place of employment covered by 1910.12. 1910.13. 1910.14. 1910.15. or 1910.16, in lieu of any dif ferent standard on exposure to asbes tos dust which would otherwise be ap plicable by virtue of any of those sec tions. thorized physicians and medical con- Note* Followinq defines sultan* of either of them. and. upon ad(Jitional occ5pational the request of an employee or former employee, to his physician. Any physi- areas affected.by section cian who conducts a medical examina- 1910.19 above : tion required by-this paragraph shall furnish to the employer of the exam- ined employee all the information spe- 1910.12 Construction ` cifically required by this paragraph, and any other medical information re lated to occupational exposure to as Work (construc tion, alteration, bestos fibers. and/or repair, in (39 FR 23502. June 27. 1974. Redesignated at 40 FR 27073..May 28. 1975. and amended at 41 FR 11505. Mar. J 9. 19767 1910.13 eluding painting and decorating) Ship repairing 1910.14 Shipbuilding 1910.15 Shipbreaking 1910.16 Longshoring 585 t