Document VJM7M9D53bE64wryRRn6qg5aj

FILE NAME: Koppers/Beazer East (KBE) DATE: 1939 DOC#: KBE020 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: 28th National Safety Congress Transactions S -- -- 3S w PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT N SC -8q RATIONAL SAFETH C0 X6 RES! ATLANTIC CITY OCTOBER 16-20, 1939 NATIONAL SAFER COUNCIL, INC. 11), N .lio n ,I Council, Ih t. M irtod In y . J A, 32 Il National S a fe ty C o u n cil, Inc OFFIC HONORARY MEMBERS As-an 1A11<>N o r J ROM ANO S t Fl EtU.INt I RN nMiiT W CAMfRri I l .FW H P almt* OFFICERS (1939-1940) O h J ohn S th wfi i . P resident U J A m tK it, V ice-P resident fur Safety Councils I C CAUrBFi, V ice-P resident fo r In d u strial S afety W m C K nofi ic. V ic e -P re sid e n t f o r E d u c a tio n U M ttJtft McC iintock. V ic e -P re sid e n t fo r P u b lic S a fe ty i W Miuako. V ice-President for Finance and T reasu rer VVai.Tta S P aine. V ic e -P re sid e n t f o r E n g in eerin g l.vw R. P ainfr, V ice-P resident fo r Public R elations A V RiiifW fnrr. Vice- P resident fo r H om e S a fety K T. Swensten. V ice-President for M embership W H Camfmn, M anaging D irector and Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (1939-1940) H j . A tome, Spencer K eogg & Sons. Inc J I Uanash. P ast P re sid e n t C W Ulsr-outsT, P ast P resident H W . Booccss. Sinclair P rairie O i Co II H Bo it, S o u th P e n d C ivic S a fe ty Conned K W B*aun. A S S E -E ngineering Section W IC Caufron, N ational S afety Council I, C C ampufii, T ie K o p p ers C oa C om pany K. W C aupffj i . P a st P re s id e n t UnitFKT I C atmn, A etn a C a su a lty Si S u re ty C o 1) W Chant. P ap er and P u lp S e c tio n 1 fw is A D* Ht ms. ('si P re s id e n t C W Dfnpfsy. T he liq u id C arbonic Onrp C, K U ooi.fv, ScK 'nny-Vacuum O it Co. Inc M arcus A. Uow. P ast P resid en t H Aient u F K n io w s. A m e ric a n N a tio n a l Red C ro is i O Fen nfu. Past President H } G riffith M lais S ection K E GanvFk. Colum bus & S o u th ern Ohio E lectric Co I U kiy G um m it . T h e P u llm a n Co (i T H m u trm , Chicago Rapid Transu Co H aroiu ( l l t i t m i N , U n em ploym ent C o m pensation f o m m o f N J S B Horhfm, The C arey Salt Co W l*i m n 1ai km>n. 1 ir la w a tf S a fe ty C om 1 ;ERS ANO DIRECTORS, C ontinued W aI IMt U K in*.. l*A't I V miIciM W h . C K n<o 1 k. M ilw aukee S alcry ( um n\i` voit J ohn E l.mvo, P a 'i President T ho* If M ai I>onai v, Federal P tikhc Uoa*U A d n n u i'tt at*n R_ A. McA rthur, Tuldtc S ervice C oordinated T raii'pcift D* M tu K t M cC iin t o ik . Y ale U niversity I. W . M iu a rd , Industrial Glove Co H aroi.o L M inf.r, E I. du P o n t dc Nem*>fs & (. * H on E c.uit N e * \ D irector o f PuMic S afety, < Icvdaud C. J Normakn, Petroleum Section E. J O 'B rifn. J * , Louisville Safety Conned W aiter S . P aine, A etna L ife & Affiliated O Lew R P amufm. P a s t P resid en t C E. P rm noN t. P ast President It. O. P ickard, M arin e Section At frt S. R rotn a , In d u strial Relation ( m ut'ettir. Inc. K J. Rtior.t irm . C onstruction Section Lt. Cot- H f,nv A R fnincf.r. F a 't President E A R obfrt^. T e r tile Section A. V. Rohwf.dfr. D ulutfi, M ivszhe Sc Ir<m R ange Hy. Co. CHARt.es H. S cott, P ast P resid en t F rank T . SitM Ti. P o rtla n d C em ent A ssociation G en. J ohn H . S iifrruknf, M a^ ach n .setis Safety Conned C aei I.. S mith, C leveland S a fe ty C ouncil C. K. S mith, A m erican A ir L ines, Inc. R. T . So.?.NStKN, E lliott Service Co L * jf J. S orf.ncon, C ity T raffic E ngineer, C hicago C oi. J ohn S n t.w F .it, C onsolidated E dison Company o f New Inc J ohn M. Svi.vF.vrf *. Lehigh Valley S a fe ly C o itm d C P. T oiman, Past President G fori.f C. T ravfr, G re a te r C hicago S afely Council Dr C H W ahon, Past President A. W W mitnf.v. N atio n al C onservation ft orcan K. V. W ricmt, R ailw ay Age A rthur H Y ouno, P a s t P resid en t York, DIRECTORS (1939-1940) H J. A foku h, Si>eKer Kellogg At S o n ', lm \ A. I- A rmstrong, Eastm an K odak Company Vfrn W A tm n , Safety Div , Syracuse CLandier of I. I Hanami. P a il President D A IU rrftt, Carnegie-lUiftois Steel Cm p L in if lin*ui m *. M at k-to** Valh-y (<mn< it E rnest W 11m *, U nited Stare* l i u l ^ r c* W ftrai^tJKT. Past President E 1** lti anx, J o n e ' At l^ n g tih re Steel Coij 11 W . Booi.r**, S inclair P ra irie O il Co H E Jim t. S o u th Itcml C ivic S afety Conncit Commerce 5 i .* IK . `A f/i f ' f a l t t t t t l f * M ti/if'w *** /*K**t*' .* **e ah l ijftw n e n tire ly . alt wlfs* the facilities ss'ere blith iitJo the hut m a p it rep a ir* cM ectetl. 3it*i placed d esig of th e o rig in a l a ir c r a f t--are iu c n r h ark in upetaM uu agam , w ith nr a p p rc p o ea te d m th e teclm h io e o f in te rn a tio n a l * h t * h i i er c n e e m *|t<- a ir p l a n e * * fly* cr-w -jfer flym g. T h e y a r e b asic t o a ability. A nd f a i l u r e s a c c o u n t f o r te s o rd nf |?i.fl7t,O0 over* w at r p**en- 1 h> p e r r e n t tif f a ta ! a i r l i n e a t o d e n t * iter m ites, w ithout a fatal accident in f a rg e a ir tr a f t, to, a rc Row w ith a fterem teihH|M. T h e flight deck o n th e tr i i u - i r f f a n clip p ers, for in sta n c e , t\ tf>e o m r s u e 5 ih e ( en g e r h i n t th e largest of our present land tr a n s p o r t. This flight deck ** re se rv e d for The flig h t crew In stea d of the usual pilot copilot rom htnadnrt. these clippers are flown hy * crew of five prim ary flight officer*-- with five reserve offner--under th e d irect com m and of a captain who graduated to th i*o#)tion of tru st a n d o f resp o n sib ility th ro u g h a m in im u m Of seven y ea rs o f study *nd training. U nder the captain, the pr*t*ry flight function* n o rm ally h a n dled hy rhe pilot rotulo are divided in to se p arate fl'ftb t s ta tio n --a d m in is tra ti , piloting. navigation. radio com nitm tcatinn, engineering* h-afh f these p o sts is m aim ed lv a ( le o a h tl, trautet) for th a t p afticw U r flight l ire sa fe ty reco rd o f tra n so c e a n ic am t transcontinental air transport did n o t ju st grow , h it the result of deliberate effort, of painstaking care, of endless research and test. Atr travel, as w e know it today, is tmrely a concept of th is (feneration. It h had to make its w ay, from th e start. * co m p etitio n w ith th e m a tu re d s a fe ty records of the older form s of tran sp o rt. It lias Had to struggle w ith th e p rin cip les of creased danger inherent in any ty p e of h ig h -sp ee d tra v e l-- wd w e have t h e fast* eat ev e r know n to m a n . H ot. b e c a u s e of these very reason, m ore effort h a been conUMuousiy and forcefully e x e rte d to raise th e stan d ard of airlin e sa fe ty thaw th a t lavished in any sim ilar period of devehtpment on any other mean* of tran s p u tt. ,tk * hese th g h t officers sta m l w a tc h Tl extraordinary effort has n o t come ,,.t4 a re rehevrsl at texxdar s*rrt.*U atul a tu n e from w ith in th e in d u stry ituclf- T h e t fhecr nwii living psattrr al*^td e n c o u ra g in g re su lts a re . in a re a l m easure -fiif* f h o u g h ye**v uf tra in in g , of stu d y a n d snal r s p m e n r e . these m ultiple crew s luitctKw* *< o e * a n d m a k e p o ssib le. f.,t (he tir'-t tuns* * h>g d ista n c e trao * Vn ti a irc ra ft ih r acU*evrtm*nt f scicit i(ju flight scmdtis t a cyst m i i* in ch , mi ,Ut lt>< tMstritaiid of th e C a p ta in pros fr, p.f a triple check cut all p r im a n fa c to rs. Mt>ult le sse n s stra in w ith o u t lessening; ti^ u is d u h tc is inch d esig n ed to effei I due to the tiretes* cooperation w hich the air transport industry has received from outside agencies such as the N ational A d visory C om m ittee for A eronautics, our r^urriw neirt * great research nrgamxaini, ait the Civil A eronautics A ittlm rity. Mlmtr diligent efforts to effect greater iirim r safets stand out as a signal achieve uu*i **f th eir first ftrU y e a r in office 1* fact, alt having to do w ith via firm h u t sh ared in the early recognition, b y the air tras{Hirt in d u stry , <if its resp o n sib ility Pie h ig h e st attam aM e level o f p e rso n a l , liu personnel errors account f,* n r h Vi t*r f n of fa ta l aw tm e k ^ inw ard vhr public to th e m atter o f safety. T h e se co m b in ed e le m e n ts a!) o m tm n e as ,,-m e a s ever tn d a y in th e ir eennmcm go*L Sh**r si(pptrt offers th** p ro m isin g po*ai* i*-*// * * i ) -e * v 4- . * .* can eventsafh W Im-***'* v , *W r 't**11 iy v W C v e {** " d * '- io rm -** i r t d k n o w % ctw <**s* <4i t U l i an--* <-m* d i j ^ t s n*n American Society o! Safety E n g in eers Engineering Section O fficers 1938-1939 Gmrroi Cfcat/trui--1< E. Donovan, Stsudard 0*i Co I OaUloroia. Sat Francisco. C*M V\ceChoirm<tn~--V, W Hraun. Employers Mutual. W ausau. Wts. Vice-Chairman--H. Jf. Gfttrmi, Jone* Sc UtiftM itt Steel Corj>, Pittibitijth. Pa Wcrefary--W. Of.an K eefe. National Safety Council, Cnc . Chicago, 111 Mtinkers at Ijarqe-- Groacf J. Aoaue, International Paper C<., Gtei*< Falk. N. V. C ynt. Ainsworth. Atnertrati Standards A s w ia tim , New York, N Y. *} I. Hanaaii, Ca*milting Engineer, OucagfA HI. F. W . 11*. United Stales Rubber O x. New Y ork. N Y. R, A B r.rrj. Central Tube Co., Anbri*ljtr,, l*a (WVsjuti* IVnnsylvanta Safety Cotinri! Chapter) *C 3. Boor.er, W isce w Public S e c ri Corp.. Milwaukee. W$ K W. Huts At, E. I> llttttard C.. San F ra n rtv . CaW <San Francisco Chapter) Cr u n K. 1> l*A)rt rt*. CcmsolicUtrd Kdiantt Co o f N Y . New York. N Y. <Metropci- itan Chapter) Hoy M ConwiN. Philadelphia Electric Cn.. l*iii{lr}|*)ita Pa ( Philadelphia Chapter) #R. McA. Keowx. Jndim rial Commision o f W itconno, Madison. Wis. Evwett F. Kihc, I.ever Brothers Co.. Cnlri<lge, M a . <Boston Chapter) Rosrtc C lEMF.TTEk, T exas Employers UKurstncr A tw ia tio n , HiMat, T e ia t. (South wen Chapter) Thowac E L*eTfooT,The Kopprr* Coat C n. PitKlwrgh. Pi*. G I.unm, National Bureau of Standards, W atlmigpm, I). C J. E. Lowe, T he Delaware & Hudson Railroad Corp., Albany, N. Y. K L. Mtra. E-1. do Pont de Netnour** St Co , WiUiimgUm. Del. ) T. O'lUirw. Jersey Central Power A* l.ht t*, \ sitry Park. N J (Nw jersey Chapter) W. S P aine. Aerna Casualty & Surety Co*. Hare lord. Conn. *A. S Rrcut.A, Industrial Relation* Counselors, Inc.. New York, N. Y. A. V RcmwEtvta, Dlth. M ksahe Sc Iron Range Railway C o, Duluth, Minn. *D L Rove*. Ocean Accident Sc Guarantee C orp, New York, N. Y, *Q E Sanfo*!. General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y. J. S Shaw, Hercules Powder Co., Wilmington. Del *C W Sumt, Standard Oil Co find.). Chicago, il! *H S Surr, liw on Cathir At Carbon C o rp . N e %nrle, N Y. R. F. Thaenf*. Pnick Motor C o . Phut. Mich S. E Whiting, liie f ty Mutuaf I*ranee Ox. Rost. B a sj pHiur W m M \ K I. tin iVuit tic Nemonr & to ., Buffalo. N. Y. (Niagara Frontier Chapter} Wiij.IaMP. Yant, Mine Safely Appliance Co,, Pittsburgh. Pa 'h it 0*rrf CKtiraM O fficers 1939-1940 (tmeroi Chairin.cn--F. U Hraun, Employers Mutual. Wau au, W h fkeChetetnon--H J ( F fit, Jone Sc LaugMn Steel Corp., Pittsburgh. Pa. 23 9 jo -xj >j ^u* uo s\ )i *^jiuienb (Sinm* y i *; joumi k it} * itj M**1 **0 jJ>*!'" jv^i p u t 1*! -*j |i]nntj> um' ui'*j ttnjii* *j<\ Mining Section O fficers 1938-1939 Ctner&t Chfitnm m --L <, Camcum.!* T hr K ippers Coal C o, Pttlxburgh. I*a i). L a w w k , M clut)rc PofoiM ne M in n , I.5 , Schumacher, O ld , Canada. K iff'C A atm sfl--W , D. H asm.fun, i h c V t ^ Mather & O ', h u lu itt, Mum. 's/creicry and tf n v s jetter :dtft/r--i U nih If S Bureau of Mine*, W ash ington, D, C oxter o*d Slide C om m itire C'W itK m --J, f. Ko**ies, U. S. Bureau *f M m n, Pittsburgh. Pa. Committee Cttairman--M. K. Uut>, The Kx|io5tves Engineer. Wilmington, Sioiixtics Committee Chairman--W W. A m a t, U. 5 Hre* of Klines, W a'hm gto, U i . at Lttrgr-- *G. J. IlAkirTt, O liver Iron Mining C o . lhilutfe, Mitm. T homas Au >-h, State Inspector { Coal Mines, Denver. Colo. *J, W- AlKt. Calumet & H e c h Ctm wlxltted C oppff C o , Calum et. M idi *P. M. Aatttv, American 7.tc Co o f Term. Mascot, Tettn. F tt o E. I)Oaue, Consolidated Coal C o , Inc., Fairm ont, W . V Iohk L . B oa aOman, A naconda Copper Mining Co-, Untie, M ont W H. C omin s, N ational head C o , Potost, Mo. M. L Cout-Tta, O ear held Bituminous Coal Corp., Indiana. Pa, C. M. Fr.u.vAK, Montreal Mining Co , M ontreal, V/i*. *C. W- G ow s H arw ick Coal & Coke Co., P ittsburgh, Pa, R. Dawson H a h , "Coal Age/* McGraw-Hill Publishing C o . Hw. New York, N. Y. H T H aart:*, Tennessee Copper C o , Copperhill. Venn. *H. C. Hrwiif., Phelps Dodge C o rp , Htsbee, Aria. *Rvt N. How*.*. Pennsylvania Compensation Insurance Hating & inspection Bureau. Harrisburg, Pa. C F Kgcx. Jamison Coal & Coke (*, T.at robe. Pa. Thomas E l.ioHTrooT. The Kopjiers Coal Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. Cm MArttNSnK, Pick and* Mather A C o . Cleveland, Ob*. Wiujam G Mf.T7r.rm H udson Coal Co., Scranton, Pa h n. Moffat, Utah Copper C o , Salt l_akc City, Utah. V O Mukkav, The Union Pacific Coal C o , Rock S p rin g , W >n Jtm aT Hvam, M int Safety Appliances C o . Pittsburgh, Pa N. P. Rminf* a*t. W est Virginia State l>ept. o f M in es Ch^rlr-hm , W ^ * R H S iir. The New Jersey Zinc C., Franklin. N - J L T. Sicka , St Joseph Lead C o , Boone Terre, Mo. O. V S impson, Alabama By-Products Corp., Flat Creek, Ala. John T*fwf-k, Homestake Mining Co., I^tad, 5. D. Howaxo 1 Yosjkc, Ameticaft Zinc Lead & Sm elting Co., St, !.mK M<* % t (kfitttt Oi*<rmftn O fficers 1939-1940 Choirmo*t--A nous !) C*-MPh*tt. Mclnivre Porcupine Mines L t d . Schumacher . Canada r&rrH?Of--( m m \ i i sriFit Eianv, J h , T he H udson Coal C o . Sc ran to**. Pa rkainrtiiii --\V t> Tnv, Pu'ltand\ M ather A C o . D uluth, Mm 449 1 V N t i l A ci/n v 1 ttn ijtc ss flf ,ilf m .n.v,\r produced w ilh (hr i>* )- * < if tin ^ a m rd him , m ak es tt (t| <(UiK i r K o f am <(c '** Mi -/e lly th e V o f a u x ilia ry b-me<. "I`11* * m Ik* malr **i |>fm(i>)(i]i]>liNl iUaw rt,K' H ta n m r/* | t\ t,f u t V r liar m .tfin a ! *11 vrnpr *,( (j,t n u in a tiire c a m e ra ix alm ost Ufti>hmt<f fo r th m c w ho d e s ire to r*Hect lrw' l'* rp * rr rn aicrra U*r grimi p te< rn ta tn.n *tnet trail y ,nt)lhnK iliM ait be 1>V> t<* r ra n l1 rrad d y Units to t tin a IhW* r( s ||, j , (ttm fo r p ro je c tio n *V* oifrr otttsiatidttii* ad v an tag e of die m m u iu r r t< ile it* u i 3*i n c o lo r film ( m l, r m t s *n th a t * a n a v e ra g e n f r*>H o f |R e x p o s u re s in clu d in g iunm%ing_ a n jv r r > i{ i o f 14 r r n ^ per Ira tn r T h e re a re tw o *ypr< n f co lo r film *us a v ailab le il* *I o f ihese to r film s a rc a vadabh n UttKCi *i>e* hut the Cent ' prohibitive for fwtn n iim iv rfi at c o r a r c they s re)ihU ad ap t aM r */ m e x p ru sv e p r o p r i ion f h r r th e pat >e*r o r s.,, 1 h av e about 'iti* 1 th e con* loom * tifai I x n a m m the elea] outfit T he srcnm t ram er Ik* o f (he t>pc h a v in g g ro u n d glass I** -m u am t adapt d tu th e *<* rtf cm film and film pai It O u tsta n d in g example, o f ili I iifK- c a n u ta at** ea*dv p ro cu rab le l , i s taV r a to*V. a * Hie jri*|eew r problem \ s n u b the cam era, the b ean of the prnicct-*i Hi its o p u ra l * i ` trm M ere ag am it in m t r - v a r v To rclv u p o n the in tre ru y and ~ cfu itation o f tlr m an u fa c tu re r I'l o t r r i m x ltclonp tu mie *d four -n-parafr i lasvfs^ d ep^ndm * upon tc ^1' 1 1 he opaque pro jrrtn -- designed tu pr to ri ( u c n u c s p a g r ' n f h o rih*. draw ing*. etc hv re/W hon. In *br*c are le< r f - ficicMi. w att fo r *i*H. th a n *>ther ivpe* o f p ro ject or v M m ee the illum m atm g *v*tem m m i he m ore p o w erfu l to offset fight los* to H flection 2 1 h r landa! Hide p fm erto r for either i* t X t met. Of 2 * 2 in e h V ic* l 1 We s tiip n r ''o h * fttnt p ro ire to r fo r <s i n n i h im X n . c wHimf ^l r l ^ i'Hm p r o t r t t n r (U n ally conitsting of a sound untt operating m coiijunctmn with a strip film projector. The pr<*ieetr may or may not he auto* mat rally n chronued to the sound record In Mime cases com bination o f th e fore* com* are available. T h e opaque projector usually incorporates a slide unit and the vtnp film projector may he readily adapted fur 2 x. 2 inch (class slide* In M ien in* projector, the h*Mr xnver mu factnrs arc * 1 T V m aterial to be presented thetures slides or *inp films 2 1 he sire of the Audience or the size of flu average room in which it t< to br used \. P o ru h iU ty . 4 V entilation o f lam p housing am! sub icct m atter A com bination of item s 1 and 2 usually defines the site and type p ro jecto r neces sary In tn o cases a combination unit w deMrahle tn the interest o f g reater flexibil ity It may also be necessary to procuie twi lenses of different focal length Hr (hr projector particularly il a variety al nxim sue* may Se encountered. T h e ib o fte t the distance between the p ro jecto r and the screen, tfie h o n er the focal length of tht projection lens F o r the average projector, a \anct> nf projection lens* are usutllf a i adahlc The cpiestton of portability is more er less self ex p lan ato ry and is governed klmag entirely h) the local stuiAtion. Too m uch the way o f du rah d ity and projeetkm pov slu.i.ld not Ik* sacrificed to pocuhildy I H lv v c th at the pow er o f a protector Im p 4 i uW n o t Iv reduced below 2f)0 watts. Speaking of power, my preference tt fa a projector using a projector bulb of fita 'lOO to 750 w a it' A. sire la rg e r than ftfc requires a special pow er rirctltl which Mg not he avatUhle w here needed. In prnjenM using projection W h < la rg e r than JQO som e meanx o f forced d ra ft ventiltfito m ust he included. O ilier wise dam age to i t slides or pictures iicing projected i ' *Im * mevilable T hen too, the hltlb itself Mf ie d a m a e rd h> exccssisre h e a t `lf'tO U R N M E H 7 - Occupational Disease Control TH U R SD A Y M O R N IN G SESSIO N O c to b e r 19. 1939 T h t session planned for tl*e <h*c\s*ion ol problem s in industrial occupation*! disc*it co ntrol w t called 10 o rd er by A. S. Jo h n to n , A n n u m to the M anager. Engineering D epartm en t. A m erican M wal Liability Insurance Com pany. Bos* tan, Mass.. who preaided. T he problem* were presented as a panel dfccutston, and Chairman Johnson introducer* the m m - hers of the panel, a* follows: Roy S. Bon*il. Chief Safety Inspector. Standard O d C om pany of New Jersey. New Y ork City. Warren A. Cook. Division of Industrial Hygiene and Engineering R esearch. Zurich C e n tra l A ccident die Liability I n surance C om pany, C hicago Dr. A, C. C rancb. Industrial Toxicology' Department. U nion Carbide C om pany. Sen York City. Dt. i.eonard G reen bw g. Executive Dinetot. Division of Industrial Hygiene. \e York State Department of Labor, York City. Willis G. llaxard, I'ersonoct Division, OwttivIllinois Glass Company, Toledo, O. Dr E. G. M citer, Director, Industrial Hygiene L aboratory, Employer* M utual La&thty Insurance Com pany. W ausau, la Or O. A. Sander, Milwaukee, Wis The Discussion Plan CHAIRMAN JO H N S O N : W e have to have a w orking base from which t* will talk. T his working base from rffcbwt will try to develop our opinions fcWt I choose to call a triangle of fe^MMhifty, visualising what m ay he called h A m A B. C*s of an equilateral trinW It it* top of this triangle is m anageI n t of an industrial enterprise, th e man Hft ht* to pay the hills, the m an who W it * labor, the man who w orries about th e ir health O n ihe left base is the m e d i cal swlc. 1 hey are the group em ployed to carry out the medical pait ol industrial Management* responsibility. And o n the low er rig h t < the th ird base of th is t n Angle w here we imd the rngm eers o r in dn`tria l h vgicuists, w ho base to develop and prepare for the operating group the control* of occupational disease, as far as engineering is concerned with couirotfing them . N ow. there ts a strong tie between the m edical and the engineering phases th ro u g h th a t base line ol th e trian g le. W hat we hope to do in discussing each topic is to develop that tie, which we wilt rail th e balance of Opinion betw een the m edical phases developed by tb t doctor* on my left, and the engineering phases de veloped hy the engineers on my right I w ould tike in ask this panel a ques tion F or a great many years occupational h a z a rd s have been studied in One mdsirv o r an o th e r. W ould this panel feel, let 1 -say. san g u in e that au v Imbrtrial enter prise is mow ready, hy employing p ro p rr personnel, by searching out the answ ers w h erev er th e y n iav he found, to solve an firrn p alim jjl di*rae problem if they have one. and by the proper solution m aintain live salelv and health of the em ploy res* F n t a n o th e r way, are we still groping in th e dark on some of these h azard s by reason of conflict of opinion. conflict of experim ental data and theoretical expres sion bv folks who And the theoretical h az a rd tn exp o su re because it is suggested in th e hook* W ill Dr. E. G, CrancJi talk briefly along this line o f suggestion? D R . C R A N C H ; T h is qucsbAtt 1* a hr*mil o m Is any industry satisfied that it is in at position lo solve an occupational disease on the basis of present inform a tion* I would say. absolutely yes, (or the m ajority of occupational disrate problems a re sttfRcietulv understood to adopt efficirtit m easures for control * O JSUt N ational S a fe ty < pm /rcxi f |, 1 |,r ^ Hi M A N J u ltN S O N ntl> <nv ^ ' u said . - W r i t w h s s h o u l d I <h* U' i, th is until >**<( folks fir h*, ^ **** v\ hcih* r 1 m i g h t l> \ in \ ? lwt l ^ f IflltlltMl tf tW* pAtt* t cl tu devcltn* t Jfiv farth er '>H >lir ojimtt't* n Hr 1 t . M ciU r, arxetne am i ben zo l. 1he .chief reason, u sc rtiK (< tiir, w h y w e *t*U c m itm u e to h a \ e p m x o n m g s it* itid u x try i t h e c a u x e the em ployer and th e w o rk er do n o t rcahxe the ifOvty ftf these hazard* a n d do not ta k e th e p ro b le m acrum -dy ciu h irIi to in s titu te th e o c s s i r y a n d p ro p e r m e a n s of j U " K Xldc prevent* t , 4' ^ M I* I H* U I ^Kr rt' ^ ni Hr xM| v'u h lh a t (h ere * eitm igh ** If ,** t t d ip.il m o a t Immvc h a z a r d s **Ut u ,'t- a r f n u t willini* to dn at alt u n til all possible m lorm a* *r, 1s A vailable. 1 w nuW sav th a t tb e v * g o in g U* s ta rt v iK in x these occupational disease y* v\r have a progressive solution 11 N*e xA m r w a v th a t th e 1^40 a u to m o b ile ,#>I j^ y * . b e e n b u ilt m juM so v' r |rKtr^Ntn(t itt a ll lW hraii I t f ' o f v n u tl a tu m . s e n t d a li n n f<]nip- CH A IRM A N IOI1NSON Now lam uotiiR to x w itrli t< th e euR incm riR side and ask th e s k question, l.e l u s vieuali/e an m duM rtal en terp rise th a t is fearful, tfiat h as a n o tio n th a t so m e ex p o su re ** * xenons one. a n d w an ts to k n o w if th e n is auvthtnR fro m an in d u stria l engineering standpoint th a t will m ake it im possible or rhfhcuti to devise th e proper instrument In m easure th e q u an tity of exposure, w h eth er it be dn>t, g a s or fum e 1 am going to turn that over to W arret Took. n' r t |t. and rr*jnratiry jiro iftliv c i lf u r o . M R C O O K : T o d a y we h av e more *,,(1 xu | th m k a d e q u a te in fo rm a tio n is **ilahl* m eth o d s av a ila b le for finding out how m u ch o f th e it)ne*r*us m a teria ls a man A B asil tor T ru th bruty: ex p o sed to th a n we h a v e ever h4 in th e past F o rm e rly it was a v ery labors t ' H M K M A N t O H N S O N 1 think we Uvf a b a la n c e of opirnti th e re If you h ave an o<* u p at m al disease h a z a r d ,th e r e o e n o u g h k n o w led g e hired som ew here in the KMkx and brain* in tack le it or solve it in p ro g re ssiv e fashion. R ut we are clut* trrn f up. I think, by a lot of crack-brained notions t have read any quantity nf liter atu re u\ w hich pmehtwlv h i t ventured the o p in io n th a t b e c a m e uch and urh ma* terrai are used. we rm ot have a Hazard th a t % jti*t a b o u t read* to kdl of! th e population of the plant |i*> w e know enough ab o u t the ha ard s anl c o n tro l o f benzol. siliCOM*. arsen ic, p h o sp h o ru s, rad iu m . x*ray. an#l so fo rth, to <*rt n u t the tr u th a n d huitrt upon solid fa it an effective safetx p ro g ram 7 W ill I tr 1 co n ard ("reenhurg develop that for a <ou p le of m in u tes7 ous procedure in m o st cases to analyst the atm sphere inhaled hy th e worker T nday in rem nectinn w ith m ore and mwr of th e in jtirm u s m a teria ls, w e are having placed in o u r hands an d afe having dr* \e lo p e d m et 1tods w h ich will quickly tel us how nuich of the injurious m aterial in th e a tm o sp h e re b re a th e d by the workfT. W e have d esires which w ill rtelernt* the concentration of carbon tnonoxik m erely U> re a d in g a g auge. S im ilar eqwi^ tout is b ein g dev elo p ed fo r o th e r in>^ J ms m a teria K . l**or v ap o rs, ab o u t the be d rv irr is the tnnerperom eter. and ne heft n e u*lf be ab le to g et eq u ip m en t of tMl k ind m a n u fa c tu re d nt th is co u n try on* th ese d ay s, b u t at th e p re se n t tim e it b rath er difficult to obtain P ra c tic a lly all uf th e in ju rio u s niatcftdk in in d u s tria l a tm o s p h e r e s c a n he deWn m ined. Some of the m ethods are ] 1K G R F. -' N *11* RG * I t seem to m e t h a t t h e r e i* a d e fin ite b o d y of e v id e n c e sim ple tb a urhers. hut m ethods are WNr sm ip h fic d al! r>t th e tim e so th e safety W w hirl U av ailab le on th r m o re im p o rta n t g m re r i th e p l^ n t an a v a il himseK 1 oe< <n> tonal p u iso n s a u d fo r th e m o re th e s e m e th o d s . 1 im p o rta n t occupational disease th at m ak es it poxxihte to p rev en t and control th r x r p o iso n in g s and th ese hazards w ith a g reat drat of eeriam tv CH A IRM A N JO H N S O N : N o w ! pninn to ask Roy Rnnsih a rather e n tid question 1 cases of dovibt where f c j has to he halanred with knnwlcdgr. f h i h o ld s lo r su b stan ce s urh ax cr- he think it advisatite to atte m p t to S ^ m m iu io M tle am i lead and c h ro m iu m and a h a z a rd in a p la n t w ith o u t l e r b J ^ US nictsurem eni? T h a t *. by visual o b s e rv a to a p a rtic u la r o cc u p atio n al hazard is a s tion O r does h c (<1 th a t it 3 heyond all question desirable to have the survey m ade u re e * * a ry ks i* th e ex a ct d eterm in atio n o f a hazard by engineering methods. trrhtn'ciDy by industrial hygienists n r by men trained to Simple properlj w ith proper instrum rnt ? T h e a p p e aran c e or th e find lugs tn a n y group of worker exposed to a particular dust, o r w hat have you, gives an accu rate MR, B O N 5 1 B . I think the g re a te st picture of the hazard which has ex isted trouble in in d u stry today * tlu i th e re has been too m uch guess w ork tn d e a l over a period of years That picture is one w inch the engineers cannot give you. ing with insidious p ro b lem s Mich as the b e c a u se th eir d u st c o u n ts o r o th e r d e t e r new substances and some of the old su b m in a tio n s m ay he only te m p o rary o r m a y stances w hich have been introduced, it is pretty hard to h an g your h at mi ev ery vary from day today. It may have changed considerably m the p ast few y e a rs, th e thing. and th e average exrciitive to d ay wants to know ex a ctly w h at w hat, and *u cannot know th at w ithout co n c rete hazard may have been for example, ten tim e* a s great tw o y e a rs before as it w a s on the day the dust counts were m ade. evidence. You have got to Ret definite in formation and data. So noYiectipaiional disease control is a d e q u ate w it boat initial exam ination of all When once yu know the facts. which em ployees. can only he o btained th ro u g h technical means and by experien ced people, y o u can five them som ething definite on w hich they can base definite conclusions an d on which yon can hase y o u r p reventive measures C H A IR M A N JO H N SO N Dr. Sander has developed th e need for the m edical exam in atio n as a survey question to d e te r m ine w hether conditions as they have ex isted have produced any pathology ip th e men. l.e| ns assume th at, and install o u r CHAIRMAN JO H N S O N : Now 1 feel program of rnntrnl D r. Creenburg. w hat uttired that we can discuss some detailed problems. W e h a v e our base W e are in d o yu feel about the need (or periodicity iu the exam ination program ? agreement th a t th e re ts no o rdinary occuPttianal disease hazard th a t c a n n o t be roped with, th a t th e re is sufficient ev i dence to sort fact from fancy, th a t th e re are instrum ents sufficient in quantity and hmd lor proper en g in eerin g analysis, a n d dmt there is no need of guessing le t us start now an occupational di* ms control p ro g ram . W e have P la n t X. The management at th e to p says, " F in d ^ h a s a r d , if any. C ontrol it, if n ee d be t m setting up a medical d ep artm en t; 1 um etting up en g in eerin g o ccupational Iggimst* 1 want yon fellows to w ork out a smgram so th a t m y o p eratin g d e p a rt- mm can install the n ecessary safeg u ard s. kMevertluy m ay he. and assure me th a t wifl hr no em ergence o f disability by Mm* of d ie exposures " The Medical P ro g ram |>K. O R K K N tnU R G * T hat w ould largely depend on what particular hazards w ere p rese n t in th e p la n t itself. In ce rtain cases it would be desirable to exam ine w orkers verv frequently, perhaps even as often as once a m onth; and in o th er in stances it might be very satisfactory to exam ine them once a year, depending on just w hat particular substances th e w o rk ers w ere exposed to in their daily o ccu p a tion and liow satisfactory the tech n ical m eans of control were. F o r exam ple, in th e case of b e n z o l it m ight be satisfactory to examine w o rk ers every th ree m onths, 1 believe in the case of tetraeth y l lead, the du Pont C om pany exam ines its em ployees about once a m onth, though I am n o t quite sure ab o u t th a t In the case ol sand blasters, it m ig h t be desirable to exam ine them and x -ra y lM as build first I've m rd irai half of fc* program. Of what does it gen erally mint. Dr. 0 . A. S ander? .SANDER: 1 am glad you empha* A t need of a m edical program in an Mtooal disease co n tro l p ro g ra m , th em e v e ry six m o n th s, whereas in th e ease of fo m d ry m tn it m ight be perfectly sa tisfa c to ry tf the m en are e n g a g e d in ordinary foundry work to examine th em once a y ear and x-ray the once a y e a r o r once everv year and a half with the engineering control An It wnnhf W largely a question of ju d g Ltsanunatton of all worker exposed m en t. depending mt th e particular occu I te. Nufii'ittil A u)fv l O fc u fa tu m a l U tsta xt C ontrol IX ti,u.Mi a n '! it* t < * rin u la r MibMatt\<s o n loitM 'Icr sa re lu tly th e opinion e x p re ssed these You wtll observe th a t he has i I I .M U M A N J O H N S O N w o u ld placeO the b u rd en u p o n hi.x o w n prole, UU< i<i .iik O r <.r^ rn U tfrg to a m p lify ju tt stun, by carefu l d iscu ssio n . of co u rse, w ith on |( ||*<- M ifv ry w htrh Dr the m anagem ent th at it to pay the bill, S ander spoke d tstlo ses n o specific occu but the iltuston m ust rest with the doc p a< t n al d is e a se h a z a r d ax h a v m g c a u se d to r ti(Hdt the evidence *1 `p re se n te d by the an y p a t h o l o g y - am ! th a t 1 th e n a tio n (.Imwdtitniictmttsf *of th e p la n t and t h e employee*. ib a t o b ta in 11 ns*xt p la n t s --b u t xtiU th e r e may be so m e m o d e ra te e x p o su re s to tin* 'I b rie \ \ no cook book fo rm u la w hich < t o th a t , am i th e m a n a g e m e n t w a n ts to >*>. yon tmtM p u t em ployee* th ro u g h the l*e | e r f e c ily sir*-. h o w o f te n as a g e n e ra l *mtt a t sta n d a rd in terv als. B u t th e m ak in g th in g s h o u ld th n e m e n c o m e u p f a r re of medical ex am in atio n s is a n o th e r th in g exam ination' U always presents problem s, because men frequently are frightened when they I b i d e r s t a n d , th i s survey hax ilisclocd k n o w they are b e in g exam ined to se e it * 0 t*aih.liKy. < d a m a g e , nothing y o n can th e re ix a n y th in g th e m a tte r w ith them , ln>t y t m t teeth m nr h ang your hat o n ax not ju s t b ein g exam ined t o s e t H they ovltoaiinj; a xcr^t need for cngmeerinK are ah rig h t. They are atw ay* fearful rb au ges 1 Current methods of control th a t vmiw dire calam ity m a y overtake R e-exam ination P eriods O l< C liK b N U U R O . T h a t w ould \so v * t\ deptm l m i w hether there w ere any h ^aanlosix maw ria ls W ing used m the p la m if th e M>n<liiinn rf th e m e n a t th e line >f i h r in itia l e x a m in a tio n w ax quite n e g a t o r an d m h a z a r d o u s m a te ria l i* b e in g u*.el in th e p la n t . I s h o u ld say th e dc- cimou ax tn w h e th e r o r n o t you arc Mount t<i p h w te a l ex am in atio n s is larg ch th em soon, (t is a real p erso n n e l p ro b lem , one th at has to he handled with judgm ent. I am g o in g to ask Dr. C ran e h if, in his !**r experience of ex am in in g a great m any employees* for o p eratin g exposures th a t m ight n o t he h a ta rd o u s. he (tax af*s*>x b een able to keep th o se em ployees ca lm and collected an d q u ie t a n d quit content w ith what things w ere found. an p en o u r. am i a m a tte r of w le judR- DR. C R A N C H : Rhysical examination incut program s for occupational disease con 1 o r r * 4 w i 4 . m the c a se of a d ep artcut store's em ployees, where young * o tn e ti act ax xatc<ladseS. under ordinary e. tu\itt<ms. it m ig h t not he n ecessary >r tlcxrillc tc* g*e them p h y sic al ex a n u n at*x m o re th a n once in five y ears. p e r haps not even then trol can hardly be divorced Crum a physi cal exam ination program aim ed at general h e a lth co n serv atio n . W h e re it tx possible to have a medical service, w h ere the physi cian is in daily c o n ta c t w ith th e max. physical exam ination presents far few difficulties th a n w h e re it is d one only ft* the sake of occupational disease control As D r lirc c n lm tg saul. w e d o not a t tempt as a rule a routine ex am in atio n at 1 fixed in terv al of a y ear, w e will say The periodicity of our rc -e x a n im a tio n 1 determined largely by several factor* first, the possible exp o x u tc to o c c u p a tio n a l d ilu te hazards; second, w hat we notice in connection with that m an's health as the days go by Our supervisory force is usually in structed to send in any m an w ho seem s a little under th e w eath er, w h o d oes n o t seem to b e doing w ell, w h o se e m s to b e slipping a little. From th eir rec o m m en d a tions often we pick up eases th a t certain ly require exam ination w hich o th erw ise would easily have been o v erlo o k ed . Another thing w hich we have to rem em ber is th a t m any sy m p to m s a t e co m m o n not only to o ccu p atio n al d is r a te e x p o sures incident to fife in g e n e ra l; a n d th e medical p ro g ram (o r th e c o n tro l of o c c u pational disease is th e re fo re ex tre m e ly important in that th e co n tact m u st be e s tablished w ith th e m e n to d e te rm in e w h a t changes a re going on an d w h a t is th e ir origin. CHAIRMAN JO H N S O N : T he im portant point to m e is th a t y on can n o t drag in a physician fro m th e o u tsid e w h o a a total stra n g e r to y o u r p ro b le m , m e re ly because h e is an expert toxicologist <*r e x pert som ething else, an d a sk ham to se t u p a medical ex am in atio n o r c o n tro l p ro g ra m for about a w eek, an d th e n d e p a rt. Kite him to Consult w ith y o u r ow n pfcystoan. but let yowr ow n p h y sic ia n so Md the occupational d isease p r o g ra m in10 the general h ealth c o n s e rv a tio n p r o w ith \<irx*eyi(iK to locate a n d tm d th hazard th at they w ant to control. W ilt With.x H azard discuss th a t o n e? MU. H A Z A R D It seem * to m e th* the most im portant thing th a t th e doctor c a n tell th e engineer 3 w h a t h is findings are from the physical exam ination. Thai m ore or less determ ines how serious the hazard iv. it often isolates it to certain in dividual* in the plant, and th a t poin ts the way to places tliat should com e under en gineering control in that regard. C H A IRM A N JO H N S O N : Perhaps you have already visualised w hat l am leading to. I want Mr, U ontih to develop thpt a little farther. H ere w e have the medical exam ination installed to disclose w hat is w rong, tf anything. I w an t him to develop the engineering control m ethod. W hat fact and w hat data does he need to Ko xbnut b is business? E ngineering C ontrol M R. K O N S IB : Since th e am ount of dam age to the hum an m echanism depends upon the exposure and the concentration, the engineer should know tire m axim um allow able concentration to w hich b e would have to m aintain the w orking atm osphere o r (he w orking condition, an d as an en g in e e r th a t ix so m eth in g th a t th e m edical profession m ust give so th a t the engineer will have som ething to w hich to w ork. I think the answ er to the question, then, is th a t it is very essential that the th re sh old or m axim um allowable concentration fvennixxiMe be know n. CH A IRM A N JO H N SO N - 1 do not I t. 011 the o ilie r h a n d , she phy sical ex- *nor\*mu* w ere quite n eg arn e. and 'e t ionh m ateria'- a 'e W ine em ptoxed. the ete*ixou w ould1 d<evfteTMn da oTMn hhor-w" ip sic tho*e m aterial- are .<J h . t th f ol th . H a n o u tsid e p h y u c a n c o m e s in to ex am ine c e rta in g ro u p s of m e n a l intervsW cm from one m o n th to tw o sear*., mea w n . h ,, t rigVu to r y t tK ttvr, nii< ^ lometVlin(t KO>n^ ^ .tm K p lan t atm osphere shows those w ho are called in frequently, wd It seem to me that the answ er to the that leads to considerable nervousness * q u e s tio n is a m a tte r o f ju d g m e n t w hich their p a r t ax to w h a t w ill he found m o s t fie b a s e d <mx a co m p ariso n ot the n - la iive h a z a r d s of th e exp o su re as com pared w ith Ut* cost an d desirability of continuing intensive physical examination, a n d nW b y k n o w in g the detailed (acts can one arrive at a sound decision in a T h e re ix a m a tte r of psychology * d practice in carrying out such a jjrorw d exam inations. I t s m u c h sim pler, it ix possible to a rta n g e it. to have tt* ' aljly frequent exam inations for g r health conservation, and these cxai particular given instance turns. th e n , w ill he included in ih e re C H A IR M A N lO U N S O N - 1 think procedure and help to determ ine the r f d t, t h a t it ix \ e r y im p o rta n t fo r v o n aM h i f an o cc u p atio n al d isease exjioxure. pan. that the findings o f th e o n e se rv e to aapntnt and support th e findings of the her Kow l ant going to talk to th e e n g in e e rs, aai assume that a survey has been m ade k which we have d isco v ered a H aaard Arsentiy dangerous so th a t, in th e doc* 'i opinion, som ething o u g h t t o h e done Amt it. I *m not assu m in g th a t it has C ae U r a to Will m rn . hut it h a s m auiItcaelf either in m o d erate e a rly xym p or some actual d e m o n stra b le paA p i n i few. I to ask this group of engineers Irt they want th e m edical m e n to te ll k ith they m ay tixe tn u tm o s t ad- m their own n n rk in coiiMertfott think u e will quarrel ahemt th a t. I am certain 0 engineering group will stick tuit its neck (ae enough to define (or th e m edical profession w hat constitute* the afe threshold limit. It is n o t quite th e answ er to the question l had in m ind, how ever. {-`o r a g f ta l m any y ears, y o u k n o w , th e m rihrat profession hax been conducting its w ork successfully in in d u stry , m attilam ing the greatest degree o f confidence between the em ployees and the doctor through the fact th at the doctor never revealed w hat was the m atter w ith the m an if there was anything w ro n g . H e g ra d e s the m e n in a g eneral w a y --e m p lo y able. nr em ployable subject to m edic l.W Sth N aU vnal S t f t t y i.o n tjre \i ()t ruptttional ih s r a ^ f { tm tro i 139 *<< v r w\t* + >v^'>1 tn Itiititfd } tilt! |U \ lVA*kf a JlieStum l , r<c m *1'* dut*r in fo r m t h e e n g in e e r ,,f a vltuieut <f f a t i about t h Iterant u * b u fi liirv r men b a te been e* loscd vtb<n>t w e a k e n in g th at pedesuna1 o n U d eu te w h ic h h e Ua e s ta b lish e d in im u h lust I t h ail beei* s h o w n th a t g y p s u m hist it self d o es I c a u se silico sis in injury to the luitgs. W here there rt siln * sand, we look for th at injury to the lungs and the tcvelopm ent of h h to sis aod s i b r . i r 'i w here th e e x p o s u re s h ig h a n d continued over a long period of tim e. C onsequently, w here about h alf of the he wnuUmen w Iumh he s ex a m in in g ? m aterial used m this operation w as silica W h a t l w a n t th is g rm ip of e n g in e e r* t< s a n d , it w as th e jtu e ss o f th e e n g in e e r th a t drvebq i - a t h r v n - e a d e t p t a t e l y i i u h e re w a s a c o n d itio n w h ic h h a d t o h e c o w bcixtM>*. '*r ni**r m aiim i ahi>! ib e tr o lle d effe c tiv e ly to k e e p th e duM c o n c e n v ih n Ua im k lo io m w th a t M ik e tr a tio n town t* v e ry lo w le v e ls . * 1l a t i t i > V n a h n iti u m o n ili fro m To everyone's surprise, the x-ray exam i * m erieuig \*lh a h o ah d iii * W ill you ile n a tio n s o f w o rk e rs w h o h ad b e e n ex p o sed >el*i il4t M i Ha-/.ril> to these operations for a m m ther of years, M k H A / \ K ! > t t t r r m h i t n f ri is sh o w e d th a t th e r e w as n o d e v e lo p m e n t of ettnre-U j.*N-ihle hr lite e n g n n e r h ve fib ro sis ib e iiir<ln.l tilt* .i p u re ly s ta tis tic a l F u rth er engineering data w as collected ttiAto r Me d*r tvi h av e In k n o w w liu a n d it w as fo u n d th a t tw o th in g s h a p it vM*k h e i l i r r u < M ike 1)aibr#w*ki p e n e d . In th e first pU oc, th e g r a in a i* e' r M<iieh.<l\ r U r H w e x tre m e ly uupor* o f th e sa n d w a s r a th e r u n ifo rm ly larg e iiu il*t he ihe num ber of people am t well w ashed T h ere w as no abrasive w ho r e i Iu' w ik k th e sa m e ailm e n t am i 4 tu rn to p r o d u c t a g r e a t n u m b e r o f hnr `lie m iu l.fr ! p c.-jd e v.U> are w o rk in g in p a rtic le s. I n th e a ir iiself, th e c o n c e n tra *he le iiA d n ifiii i h r p la n i a s a w h o le tio n of free s ilic a w a s n o t M) p e r ce n t, or M k H O N ^ I h 1 ilu n o t see hew ytu * h a t it w as in th e m a in m a te ria l, b u t n n h ' *i ;<r.*iei a g a in s t s o m e th in g u n le ss ' t.n e *t tw o p e r c e n t F in a lly , la b o ra to ry k " y w h a t M v K<mg ip lo. am t l lo n ..1 i-sa m m a tio u s h o w e d th a t w h e re >ou get *fr )nv% \*u 'an p ro v id e n e c e s sa ry pr> q u a r t* d u st fa llin g , o r w h e re y o u would get gvpsum dust settling out of the ah 1rV ne w ith o u t k n o w in g to w hat fairly ra p id ly , th e q u a rt* d u st se ttle d out }ni b a s e to g o o n th e m Y o u m u st m o re r a p id ly ; a n d th e c o m b in a tio n of l*nw th e th r e s h o ld lu m i to w h ich th e snb- q u a rt* a n d g y p su m s e ttle d o u t e v e n mofe U n r* .t she m a te ria l, w h e th e r it is g as, r a p 'd 1, ;*ian e ith e r o n e a lo n e , d u e to tke 'u n it . d u s t i AtMiiR th e tro u b le 11 fact th a t th e g y p s u m d u s t c a u se d agglom - \<ti U t. w h a t he te lu m i is rrats w ith th e sOca d u s \. a n d \ m i had lui u ih e } iii.-iii>I ti take in m ak e peoph* la rg e g r o u p s of p a rtic le s w h u h c a u s e d thu <,fk o r b o w m u 1 t h e h u m a n m e c h a n i s m m o re ra p id s e ttlin g ' l a n d i m V m v lue a l b . w a n c e bar th e ' ^ c i v n c r i i i p `if hr o v e p t i h l e . 1 4 c tvol N ow . the d ata obtained th ro u g h tht ve h n w ih e enve**r e n provde the m edical ex a m in a tio n an d th e x -ra y wm ' " w n ry> > -- - - * h a t atr e th e h m t th a t th e co t a n d tht T * **' - ; * * * -i* -1 ` i t S * * ' ' t " l a* ,1*t* opera- ' nr ** * * 4-- ' z, *'----a -- *w * a s r.-.- a* 7 -- \ * a v*M ~o<ma% --.jf **- - * . T ' ' / 1 -i -- - * '* -- t w ilV iag luvr the doctors an d th e engineer* as the mg w hat th e req u irem en ts are of th e two base* of our triangle. O u r panel feel S tate C ode, w ithout know ing th e lim its to ouguine that hazards ran be controlled w hich the gas, dust or fume ha* to be We know enough, th ere is enough k n o w l exhausted, im m ediately seis about and de- edge in the ag g re g ate lo con tro l them v .{ lu x mI We say that the need for a m e d u a l p ro gram is a* vital as th e need for an e n gineering p ro g ram , th a t th e d o cto r o u g h t tn he the plant doctor* au gm ented by such perniili* a* he n e rd s to em ploy to c o u n sel w ith Him; th a t they h av e a certain amount of factual inform ation th a t they must turn over to the hygienist o r en gineer for his use a s a check fo r h is p e r formances* and th a t the m ed ical cro w d should tell the e n g in e e rin g cro w d how low th e h a z a rd vnu$t he ta k e n to c o n s id e r 1 hen. w ithout even know ing how m uch air can he handled b y th a t hood, h e lo o k s into the classified section of the telephone hook and calls up th e fan com pany. T h e fan c o m p a n y h a s a s a le s m a n , b u t He is n o t in. so the office girl looks up the tech n ical data, an d th e com pany ships the fan. W h e n th is v e n tila tin g sy ste m Is fin ally m stalleil. the sheet m etal w orker says. "W ell, the sheet m etal w ork portion of it is all rig h t, an d th a t is all ! guarantee.** it reasonably safe; th a t th e e n g in e e rs arc perfectly w illing an d able to ta c k le th e haxard in som e fashion if th e y k n o w those things: and the periodicity o f the ex am i nation to funi n ut w h eth e r th e e n g in e e rs did a jo b n r n o t d ep e m fs trf>on ( h e rn m lilions as th e d o cto r finds the re c o rd w ritte n m the men them selves. T h en the fan com pany, on the o th er band, say s th a t th e fan delivers a certain Imiie of air at the speed show n in th e ir ratatag u e. *o they w ash their hands of it And finally, w hen th e w hole thing is in , it doe not w ork and a job has been poorly lone. S o th e point 1 w ish to m ake is th a t ctHih(iMi. n o m a tte r h ow sim ple, re q u ire s O f co u rse, th e e n g in e e rs ^ r e Kdug i continue to th e iits trn m e u i *f sirrs I. rheck th e ir o w n resu lt . In lunral know ledge an d technical in stru m e n ts (* d e ie r n im r w h e n th e sy ste m is r-a|lv w o rk in g Now l am g o in g d o w n to o u r p rm icd program and ex p lo re som e o f th e q u e s tions su g g ested th e re . T h e p a n e l w ill tfio n i phases of exhaust system s. A re (liere n the engineering ca ta lo g u es, d a ta de* Kfibiflg m ach in ery o f ntie k in d o r a n o th e r C H A IR M A N JO H N S O N 1 think D r. M e ite r h a s p u l hi.s h u g e r on a ver> c ritic a l point. W hen I speak about engineering control, f m ean engineering control, and l do not m ean tinsm ith control, t-ef tn t illu stra te . to make it p o ssib le fo r th e e n g in e e r to S an d er talked ab o u t the m etal fum e design an e x h a u st s y s te m if he w a n ts it or fev er, zinc s h a k e s V isu a liz e if v o u w ill, thinks be needs it? A re th e re e n o u g h h igh th e p ro b le m of a sh ip y a rd b u ild in g d e (tide, glorified v acuum clean ers o n the s tro y e rs for th e \h u ie d S tates N avy of vurket to pick one o u t of th e catalo g u e K alvanized sh e et p late, w ith a g re a t deal install it in th e p la n t, a n d e x p e c t it *f e le c tric a l w eld in g w o rk to he d o n e in Nproduce re su lts? confined spaces, m th e little tanks and cells !>r. M etter, w ill you d e v e lo p y o u r ol w in c h th e ship is c o n s tru c te d . Noughts on pre.sent m a rk e t c o n d itio n s of T h e re U a plant set u p in th e field, you Aor-made ex h a u st s y s te m s a. a g a in s t m ig h t s a y . Iv iu g for n e a rly a y ea r a t its gpaeering design of e x h a u st sy stem s to fittin g -o u t basin, a little plant ab o u t 325 Al tht individual p la n t cirrn n iM ;M ice s` feet lo n g a n d .10 feet w id e. 2$ to 3 0 fee t v v * . <*. a* 1*> nt*ev .* h r ili r o l l i o th a t cm icentcattevn t o th e l "nt b e lo w nsh u h it w itt n o t m a k e a i **< sik anl th e le n g th <>f e x p o s u re eccv V>r v t\ w h ic h th a t p e r m u s t he cxi">ed c m m v m \ \ )<h \<*o n i th in k * illustration binds to g eth er these vane pnilKs 1 have m aU h td that p a rtiru la e study i veloped w ith a tre a t deal of interest. * E xhaust System s Ok. M E tT E R : In m y o p in io n , th e r e i HI tf itltb le re a d y -m a d e ex h atiM v e n tila - teqoipment T h e as>ttn tp n o n th a t yon i elect front a c a ta lo g u e a n d v e n tila te m olded d epth and heaven only know s how m any ta n k s in ii (th e y g et dow n to p re tty sm all sires) w ith w elding to be done in m o st. In th o s e confined .space* w eld in g , sleam -fitting and electrical w ork m ust be done. Can you im agine a tailor-m ade vett- M R C ^ X 'K - An instance m ight he for a fact, th e engineers did not kno.( r problems h a s Inccr a g r e a t d r a w b a c k td a tiu g s y s te m b e in g u se d th e re ? " ttil w here o ther (actors than threshold hvniis b ase b een utilised F o r exam ple. "1 th e g \ p s u i n in d u s tr y , in c e r ta in p la n ts 'h e r e w h a t k n o w n a s a *andet p la s te r m anuf.i t u ro ic {Hraiion w h ere there is did n o t have to knni, an y th in g ahnot i m en as in d iv id u a ls , th e d o c to r Wept in hi h it couxpletelv N os\ le t u s s u m m a riz e if ju s t a tn en t to ee w h e re u e h a v e a rriv e d Wb.i Hprogress of this work. ftptht l mean th i ' O ften tim es a cotiJHH *01 have, sav , a lo cal tin w o rk e r call hint in an d h r . w ith o u t k tm u N ow let ns go to th e next question, pro tective cream s and lotions Let ua have ilc a rlr in m ind that a cream of lotion s m e a re d n th e sk in for a p u rp o se, i n d 1 O ,,Vi*/# I S a i t t t t n t i \ lou-tlli d o T ilr ta u n t i IIMIK m o ls lo prvvtUil the e*l of othr o i t t . o t n U l i t h e sien* I l*tsr jtu l itl h<i kn*U i liMsr ill at are w .iu `1 vif ni *it* f<i u-vr m . . i l l r x p o i ir < * v a n d dios* wltti h a r t' ml l o t uv e *ti A qtico iis e x p o s u r e s Mr* i u c *d i i f it i n I tic e t a r t a r b i t r a r i l y . n t l i a t r i i u n tit tin. p a r t y , i t ml in lu*n it i \ ther vmr<d ' t h e s e c r e a m s a r c n e d Ic* U se C o i q r o K c a n n o t h r n u d e ilvM'lnit* a n d Ite ra n c e th e r e a r e cuM tu* 1w l o tiC t a k e U l a rc o f H r I r.n* h . XXId M ill h k t to fiis.il ls '. II* l u r i t c -o ld i h r rise o f r r . u u s . fi 1Mil tli e \ i e w ( Il li 1*t o f d ie d m l n r w h o M* a 1 ('< k e v i d pinr a n c i a w h o fltlVs -Ml t .tl M ilu ltlr u In n fie w a n l* a V.iu r 41till 1* a n d \ *< t* io -r* .t > P ro te ctiv e C ream and Lotion m e a n n f a p a n It te t >r Uy a c tu a l c \ |i e r t e r n e m th* it**r o f th e c r e a m l u th a t act*, v m ir itlier meat** of p ro te c tio n m u st he 4<l|itc<l. o r th e ro an a t itg n e d to eith er Wi it V f lu* r e a l p rn p n rU m i o f c r e a m s now * *ht* i*iarteet appear to be rca,i>na1U free inm anv im t:m t o r * ln tiu c ti th at ace furticufarfy frkeJy to liritig about a n alUt;u rraitK w . T he m am th tu g i* to elect the n r designed for the type of ftrnter Don fi*i|nret| 1 l*ee <re a m , w e h a v e fo u n d , a r e dte . .osiilerahlv ah used M en rent to think, in m a m place, th a t th e c re am ha to he ip p h rd m a lo a ttiiH th a t h y it m ech an ical tint Vues to th e n ak ed eye w dl protect the km 1 have ecn a m an put on a o ii.tr U r <d ,i p o u n d w h e r e h a lf a n inch ,, in * t /r>{ mi o f a lu b e w o u ld *rl*aMv lw at*.*efel th e prioc. OK t lA N r I I iho.h vi... I n o vUitC' I r m t c i I n c *r*oi i f f i i h h i* * .i f o ld in tin p r o te c tio n of .kin f u m i u t i i . i N tr r t O n l s ijlitla m rv l {iiil far alu -a d o th e i i \ r of prole* in .' o u m s lii.w ricT , good ttrrsm u l litr** **e a n d t fio ra tig li I r a n l i t t r o ru* tlc t* i i *<f ll** v .o tU c r W h e r e th a t 1 *dr I-** *1 I h e q m - tu r n o p r o te c tiv e c re a n * ' Iti l l u t %a>c th e y n ftci* rim Hit* o ih e r diM iiidtic M any of thce cream which l*r*m e t fro m n il )*5M rc5, a r c cream w hit h have a nap tae; the m en a re sim p h a r n m i d iu A s o a p p o u ltic e . ant d*v w o rk or> a n irrita k > n w h ic h i a ij r r a t >r in m t t i r ca e ( tre a te r th a n th*t w h ich w ould h a v e rc**Ued fro tn th e rvt,,v o ire th e y eniRht to p re v e n t. 1 " f K H p - r u m i - w . m r l i m r e n r ( t * 'M*m* < x h e r e f r * f t a m tun vef i n r Ho <4) -t 4.1 j i f f v t . n a l h i e n c 1*T ri ! - .h o , 1 1r* fti je.4. . 1* 1 <r** 1 * ** * * * ' ' ' . h i v a ; l * f * M e- 4- " 4-* !*. i . . <I" *, \ i ' I * " v e V^ . -* " **** - H t m u l i if th f <'` a T n .'i u f f sfV i* * it anv ( f A1111 . t t , .-it *r i i tie l u t n r i 4 , ^ ft i* -4 n 4t* mi vit* o 1 ** 4. 1 t * a v at* f s- ' v.h*4 i l u ' i l x l i u l t w ill fo rm * -'-*11 ft .ter tin - I * > d rot tin 11 a lv .ti of tin culv *,* *o f > rt 4| | th e o t l t r r h a n d . d it f* a w a i f f " in h h ttlo ta tic e fro m w tin ti v.c m n*t ' m * jiT o tri to u t, n r m in i h a v e aw ntle b a s e t*t rile p r o i e r t n e c r e a m H r Atm o tts n lrr a tu w i. th e n . lH.it th e * r< 40 if e If h a ll HOC c o n t a i n a it ir r it a ti ! 1 1*.*t tn< iM e n ta ftv o p e n tip t h e w h o le h e ld I a lt e r jr% 1 lie* c a r e m a t h p e o fd c cn it e t o c*ri o n o f t h e c o m m o n tttg r e d te tif * *ed m l a i n o f ihcc p r o te c tiv e c o a tin g 1 h r \ .ut n u l e lc d i c n * e u d he In th e oil> cTcam p rep aratio n which p r n tn t fro m w ater folnhie utistance. th e o fle r n v e r v q u e e r m ix tu re . Law* h u e a a ha< e 1 th in k , t th e th in g of rh.icr for th a t tvpc of p ro tectio n , rather t*"r a v*'a 'u t n I t w qrV * a litlte fw tl t " th e * km I li^ 'ie ie a e d t i l pr*s I - I a 't v . i f t h ' r**'ih r ra n c ic r th a n the - ** '>** - -e ;ire-ata'*0- w h ic h |s.i c i r r t i e * 3 'i c r a - 'f are ronrt ra-d v n it.tird on and fad in (heir prefer i>.i Vim.i Vu * * hn._ I* u iiu id e r i that tht U *i w*rd l u * q t i h n o t h e e n a id e * * ( r n n th e y arc *n th e p r o m t .1 l a t h e r ra p id d e v e lo p m e n t t b r l t n t th e re a r c e o n u n e rc ia lU av ailab le nw^y I s u tta lilc t> pe n f p r o te c tiv e cream , a a t j **n th e o tli r r h a n d th e y c a n b e m ade fo r a "t*t <*tfic pur|M ic i-ery a ti U c to f% | ihi ttie a iN tc r n f \ o u r phys*cian Yon w n i l -i \i*rv A ti ia rto fy c r e a m th a t can p r o d t u r i l mi Im lk f,r y o u r o w n i*r | R eapiratory P ro tectio n i 11 \ I d M \ V l o J I K S H N - W c * 9 .ntiim i w ith the disc*tssion of rt fW i totjr pro tectio n. In con nection ***tb tltc m* urti o t rc-*jfa*ory protr* tim>. jtrovKt* II* K lit ( (>(( ! ed..l departim'in*' i*. w m i i . ,,M1,| .j 1 t a state matt u i t o the W**tt i i<! . )>)< t U h a / a t i K vmiIwmiI e v p n t in g lo o t to s h u t tle a redout- h >\n > ,iii t h e v t H j U r r \U([ 1 , 1 ,,'HO r <1 1 1 1*. * hu* *1| r i iMinr phm i*. lh n \r h.i%mg t*p< wllb th*- )> 1 1 s\ uf ut ibex tm iiiUtiou m in an orler ..\rruigUt 1 have o f t .ten Omt ot t h is t r e a t m e n t o f the <*CCMP 4ttn;il i!is*ase prt'lilem . 1 a m nvt t e lh n g 1' i' 1 . h.i/rditiN tluM 4 >r a m be* < " U}ui(,iii.i| < l K f 4\ f tiuhtin'* Up \xnpnvNt.tc ut m a tt) ( 4 V s Tt<< Ibe Nr *in*U p l j u t s t<* nrl tt|i it.dm r.4ir and 'll* ^ ii-t\e *oilUl>l !< .irtlurntN 1 .. 1. i.l 1ft. tiiA ,'T > .1 *h ( t w U h t r , o.<* i l ^i" 1(< \U,tl 111* ni'>i> ft* - Itl t ** 'I'M iit lev*Wpm< n* j ' ui. - ' , \4 I 1 Ik M ali, ihvt'om w , 1 -* " 1- !..< .1 Iht--. im * hvgioin*_ e i t h e r m t h e t ipj* tf t m e n l *i 1 al-r *r t h e H e p . ni m ,( M .till* I J i n \ t i r r f Jr I t**mar*l t *t r nliMf n ij iiPsiutn v..til*l l>l,c rr that T h e Small Plant Problem vim ih .it < !oe< ttol c*M . l sa> f h a v e `n v ren vt l h a v e here a question for our engineer* S rMcrtlay they were talMttg about weldin metal ami {nine I n n . and to forth H e r e in th e q u e s t io n . D oes an ehau*t m m c u * frm e le t ir ic a l welding affect the ty p e o( wcUH An 1 n ew th is tpuM, it utcaitN this* W hen von weld with an electn welding p ro cess using a co ated cUetecule, tlie flitxuui of the coattOK t* f'4 c rs an um hrelta *r te n t over th e w eld arc self am i th ereb y ext holes the a ir from th e arc an d pre* ets oKulaimu of the steel which is being cast i>K. i .!< Kt* N IK *k<; I f i n e art t w o ih n 'ie* th a t th e s m a ll e r p la n t m v 1*; is i make mnc d u s u ts o ra iu c cnnipany oitr th e hole h ei g id le d up. a n d prevents o x id a tio n of an y 1 the m aterial o f mela! hat is hi the fused stale to Ihe hill^ sl exw-ut; am i th e se<4i<l >x to N ow the question is. if you slick a heavy make nw d m u \ i la v ih tie s as the Mate has e x h a u s t th e re and pull aw ay th a t vapor ai itv hspMN-d, eith er the Oepartnrnt of w hich p ro v id e s the p ro tectio n , d o yoc i a 1>*<r tf the l >cpnrim\ nt o( Health ruin your w eld? Is the control for ltealth lu ,tppf**Mnirly JO sla te s in th e U n i o n , tlie^e at* divisions o f industrial hygiene in eitlier the t rparimcfit of l.ahor or the at th e ex p en se of th e w eld, o r w ould it be b etter to fo rg et th a t and lim it th e lime of the w elding? ) >ei*atmr*t *1 H e a l t h , and m a few c a s e s U ocs anybody here want to answer ., l,th amt thev a r e alvw).s prepared and tha> eater t* Help th e sm aller pliuti, particulrlv v w\\ x w h v n d d e m s as ihix. M4m o f *he m x m a u e e .mpamex have If'e!**j*nl livivnm* of lu g ie u r and have M K U O N S 1 B : ) think th a t if y ou have general ventilation three w ould be very little danger of destroying th at umbrella tliat Mr Johnson has m etinnned. Ol e ; c r|'` n o jiare.l arid ,heve hnt* their s ta ff w h o are jd< p r . a W f relrr servic e a l o n g It g n n t to me that the h i* o iM fir, it s ad v isab le to rem o v e those fum es as near the source nl origin a pos sible. You have to g et within eig h t pthes, *eO iioh!ct * t o Krt die sm all plant an d o u t m o re th a n th a t, to really g e t ft* m a n a g e 1'"* 1 r e c o g n is e ihai the Mmn- r u t re su lts, am ! b ein g th ai clo se yon do ll*K lh*clt maiaEenent *(scif. O n c e mt reqiuce m<*re th a n 100 o r 00 lineal h a s heen athtrxed, it *' i r c t tet u u llio 4 ely s im p le th in g t* nhtant prac- t ,, ,IU fr e e ser\ tee front t iiher if ihe*e t w * i ) t n " ttuMK m an r(Trt ti ic a lK t,. . . > u " 'U v t p r e v e n ti v e work I d o it thm k. th e re is e n o u g h cooling aslm ii to do d.nnage As a m atter o f fact so m e tr-*% w c w ere in terested in uiakinf srem t'il jo iitd k a ie th a t th e re w as u dam , | | \ | M A N lO h N S O N * t r t m r a i M ag e done. H ow ever, yon com e w here iht cjr t!.mht to (hn! answer \ a m (aimltar d a m a g e w ould he done ii you ex c e e d that. vv nil mi'*l 'f nvM>uv In n on e o( Ja { do no du n k y o u need to exceed !0& fIt, hi t)er a*t\l`*lv c a r r v m x a h ig or 1X1 h n ea t feet per million. H you ha *.t ii V (.* htol**,*t 'f to h a m m e r m t hape lb? m u M that wm ttrlp TVe> g en e ral am p le v*rudsum n, th ru yon 4* mxt have an y d an g er, in my opinion a rr a lre a d y It* 'to g h elp in an aih*otv O l . M K M A N J O H N S O N : U . a t >eemi lahun b e a togscal ccmclusinu It is rertainlj l \ M, e 1>4* !** o l e a a t t u u r s , t h a t ' ,i .p*m*n b a sed n pou bservaiiou f that 143 sort ol problem 't he n ext ipieM m n ** run of lire slays, hut 1 am not giving the "Is there enough silica in the average fire brick to affect w o rk ers seriously?'* 5n other w ords, if w e ex p lo re clay for its refractory properly on th e one h a m l and its plasticity on the other, is th e re a descending order of silicosis h azard from the fire h rtrk on th e one side* town through plastic china clay o r paper clay on the other ? Mt. H aaard, ihe questioner w an ts you to talk about the am ount of hazard in th e fir clay, and for w a n t of a b e t te r d efin i tion lei ns leave o u t th e t .fritter brick which is a brick th e sand of w hich w e know lo he pretty close to tOO p e r cen t silica. MR. H A ZA R D : 1 think th is ts really a medical question. R ut th ere are Certain fire bricks w hich a re very h ig h in silica, end certain others w hich have practically none o r a negligible am o u n t in th e m . Ye have a range there from w h at m ig h t h e tailed a dangerous condition, dow n to one where you are practically sure no d an g er exwts m edual answ er. It is my th o u g h t, th a t the liarard produced in the clay p roducts is not an inherent one* hut one th ro w n in hy violent agitation due to dry grinding o p e ra tio n s t.el us go on to another interesting q u es tion* "T o w h at e x te n t are th e in d n a trte s w ith which tins panel are fam iliar p ro viding w ashing facilities, and w hat are the a d v a n ta g e s o f w a sh in g fit sh o w ers, a n d so forth, accruing to the employee o n th e one hand* and the em ployer on the other, and how is the th in g paid for?'* W elt, we know th at in som e states, w ashing facilities a re required b y law in certain types of industries, and in n th ers th e y are p u t in, I can visaabce the need to develop this question in tw o w ay s; one for th e co n trol of * serio occupational disease e x posure such as lead: and the other, the general industrial hygiene, to get folks to w ash on the developed fact th at b y care ful washing a great many of the derm atitis problem s solve themselves. I t seems to me th a t if y ou Wad a fire brick with very high silica co n ten t, w ith W it! f>r. C ranch talk about th e p ro vision of w ashing facilities? the chipping and k n o ck in g o f the Wrick* DR. C R A N C H : W ashing facilities are layer against th e lirick , i t m ig h t stir u p m oat d esirab le th in g s in an y p la n t, la rg e considerable d u st a n d m ig h t h e a silicosis o r m all. A s the C h a irm an h as said , it is hatsrd. hut 1 would like to h ea r the m edirat side on th at question. th e m ost im p o rta n t factor In th e preven* tion of occupational derm atitis, to say CHAIRM AN JO H N S O N : W ill either of the doctors d tsoiss the inherent toxicity nothing o f genera/ hygiene to the w o rk men. of the fire clays a s they a re n o rm atlv handled in the m anufacture o f b ric k i T h e vicissitudes of trying to establish any adequate w ashing facilities in in DR. C R E E N R IJR G : It *eems to m e the Chairm an o u g h t to tell us w h a t th e d u stry are great. M y first experience occurred over forty years ago as a w ork percentage of free silica is in th e fire lay. m an. In th a t plant th ere was no w a te r H< has talked around th e q u e s tio n , t>o\ available, alth o u g h it ws a la rg e p la n t, he has not told us th e erttx of th e w h o lr a n d mile. ><* sn eak ed from th e jo b a n d problem. w ent aroim d t> a fau c et w hich w as oaed C H A IR M A N J O H N S O N . T h e jrrd>kffi seems to me to b e re la te d to th e aodon that m aybe th e se m ixture* a re so nixed (Hat o th er th in g s l>erde th e silica produce an alleviating or an am eliorate [ ** effect to p revent w hat silica th e re is for 5 p n n k h u c the front lawn, you had no w ater available. It w * t not expected th at h a n d s sfimrid l>c w ashed A n u t w o rk e d a t hi job, at his lunch worked all day a n d w ent ho m e o Mask a* * rut y o u could not tell his race. [ from causing silicosis. U alct 1 becam e much interested in th e I Clay* do n o t seem to p roduce silicosis. I It is the dry-pan g rin d in g o{ all k in d s of ft things that produces en o rm n u a q u a n titie s developm ent o f w ashing factlitteft. I r e m em b er in o n e very larg e p la n t w e p u t in excellent w ashing facilities, and ft w as I (dust some of w hich contain silica, an d su rp risin g to re How they were ab u sed I I cannot rem em ber a t th is m o m e n t ju s t eve to the p o in t w h ere in some cases w e f t what the am ount of silica is in th e o rd in a ry h ad to d u ro fltin u e service In o th e r o r-  t X .'MA jVf/iMu/ S i j t f y ( t n n i r c w *1, in t h e part tn4*Kniifiii t (urmh k <u ><I vu oliutK * b i > i nrt vitti <*tiivit ut r e f u s a i >n *b im i I il (<, vktrkl|<i t* t lu tpet-ib wtit heil in ilu o I he st lU m K '. < vcn *!* iln M n t k i m t i v u 'f r litvc tic * *1 p.^ tti* itine li* \\ad tt<v Hu n iti !, h l o t t i m i 1 t l u V CMulti Itili s Ii a i < ` lAitunl ,ni<| t l t r m i n Wn^ 4^1 l'T i m i* liosr w h e r e t h e * .ft* ) 1 Ami Uu K, ,t r i l l v d e m a n d t in tu wl r XU V .e r n..f p u t i M ay we have a ilevctaim te'U n( Om .juestioti Horn O t O tceubtirg? 1)K i'lHF.HNftVJRC* In dealing with i h t wUvilc pro b lem o f d erm alitia d u e t Hu* use of cu ttin g oil. y o u are dealing .stilt f.eral different factor* which may pfnducc different types of shin lesions l he cure for all o f these, it seem s to me. tu*s 1*1 the use of p ro p e r p ro tectiv e oint* ni. nt Ixfnrc tlx m e n sta rt w ork m the m orning, an d the w ashing up a t th e cud *f **arh sh ift with th e p ro p e r ty p e of unitcrnt-ifing vuat* l duuV Ii ilit ic s .ire a iiM*M ut i M. i i i ni a1 tat < *n tin* cntiiTtil o f oc'itp;i 1 lis, 4 4 - v 4 a m i m l i r r if o c c u p a `*1 i m iilt t io m aside f o r n i denm tiitv I Vi\iv Atv * u u in liv r ni o cc u p atio n vit tete ' nj.lt tt shitM .r ri are ( r n ii lif t l a m i thoM tin tes ,ttC v e r y la r g e ly a m e a s u r e d l't r t e r t lu n t <{ i>ecitp;ttimal lisca*. a m i -d ti* Itr'^tnuitit* ni the d a y ' s w n r k Ou* " u m ( h.iiifd' t< w o r k in g e lt i t l u s w h e r e Jret .Misti ill i t U 3 n o / Ione `I he caneM way to xet th e met t<> use .t m .ii'irrita ttiig so a p is to suppfy im e m. t h n wil) not purchase an irritatin g soap tlic m srh 'ts U you leave it to them , they lu a v p u rch a se one w hich seem s ti work r^pulh*. h u t w hich may "have *rr*trtmft IK nJH 'fjtC . <)i the o tl.er h a n d , tt th e m anagem ent M .j.jilifs it. th ey c a n p u rch ase otc o f suit* ih lc tuaUty w hich in g en eral m ay lx cl . u i.irc sa tisfac to ry type. OH Dermatiti l H M H M A N J OO HH NN S O N .luttilter tpirslion U rn* i- " l* i\ ,*,,t ;u accepted fact Hint *d dvritijitn ,s ntofc of a m echanical h re jk *tmit ,( , | |f v k t n t h a n I> is a tsh p r o b f m > I t . . * w im iM y o u m cT C v u n c t h e t* ire { he e m p lo y e e s lo e a h c a s iir ' le a is c r s cm llu * V n t l i n g it aw<i th*T ..K {ilttK \< f tit.t ,tp *inl f e p r sr T Hi m * h a z a r d s O n . (..wluor a plucking ol th e t.w folIuUs. 1 lf*K a m c e h a n u a l Hum* %( *,thhn nil a'11* dirt r*r u lta t have \ l|, Hit. ihl sV.11 T h e w hole p ro b lem of <ii) folliculitis .ml oil d erm atitiv can he han d led and is handled in many plants on a very satis factory hai. hy th ese sim ple m eans, and mi far a 1 can see does no t present any iiiMifoiHf*itnhle difficulties w hatsoever T h e uttM defect in th e sy stem se em s to be that th e plant loes n o t pay an y atten tio n 10 th e p ro b lem u n til m a n y of the m en b ern n te infected an d many of them h a v e <k*ms w hich a re m ore o r less riitned Iky an accm m ilati.rti of oil am i foreign n stfrr th e p o res nf the sk in \ t that tune, preventive rncanutes art no longer sufficient It then become accessary really to cleanse the kin thor oughly m uI repeatedly so as to once sga.n lirn ig it bock to t* n o rm al clean cciudi- 0 eu ini h.s wind I t hi nk tIk* *!* 1**1 v r a il h*tcruhi*ttu. w M O i is prtft*Mv .1 clu iUK.'i? h u n t at ir n t M m ii o f the skin win I* is jn>iher i v v * ** d e r m a t i t is tlirfc 1 a tbirl mic. produces blood p o U tm m j; o f 1h.K w h e r e the o.t h a * h e rn HM iri.uK > **<'*'* m e d i u m h i d ' . sivitX s<*M iSn < s ..| c that od f . o . l x l p r o b l e m Uv Itatuil.oK t h e watt*K >1 m e n m a * '* v i/ . i..r v mat r h!tRh w aO im je U riu iu * a n d tle .lscurajt<`**<`h t o f t l i r *i" <` * h a m h alra*v<* '*!** r aitl ItfTrfcorc 5 '< n ' n U tii l ffA IR M A N J O H N S O N ; O ct go over to the engineering side attd talk 00 th e iudus-tnalist w h o m a n u fa c tu re s oils to pro v id e him self a m eal tick et and tries to prevent Just th is hazard from causing xroi.ldc MR H O N M ll. I Agree w ith m uch ihai th e Uu*ir h as aul alx iu t R etting good oil m th e fr*I place. I tbmV th a t o n e of th e b ig cau ses (aH I have tmlicrt th is p ro b lem a lo t for the reason that you-hear m any storie of nine due m ttiu ir 1) *s th a t the oil O ecu/m tt4> *urt H/o*crw l o n t r </ 1 t v not k ep t c k a n 1 th e canes we h * \c becked th e trouble h a s been d u e to the use of d irty oil. o r am * d o v e r am i over igxm th a t i* filled w ith sm a ll p article * I metal T h ese cause sm a lt in ju rie s to the U*ll tin ttiau. dial ! a*' thef S 4 ) II u**i he ha* .m m -ilm ijj, an d l> w*tnr* a n d Wtfffii**. ml filially l*c.i*itic* \ic tn n <d w hat know n a s anu>liypnoM m fiatever that is dun. ami th a t in tu r n Ur*** ahvmt furtUr dam age. S o d y o u keep th e oil clean l do not think, you will have m u c h trouble I fftinfc t?ie p rac tice of m en sp ittin g in the oil ad tiring th e o il o v e r a n d over Rain ha caused m u c h m o re d a m a g e lh au the so-called paraffin acne C H A IR M A N J O H N S O N ; T h e .wM question is th is : " S h o u ld em ploy cs OfWiflg in d e p a rtm e n ts .subject to cm pationat d ic ta te h a z a rd he a c q u a in te d * tth and loformecl of th e se h a z a rd s, or kept m htnoranre of them *'* I flunk li> relieving hi* m in d a n d tellui hm i e s a tt ly w h at * w h a t, y o u Ydl tV. w o r n h o rn him an d you ease h is min .ill of w h ich m ake* a b e tte r m a n o f )ut C H A IR M A N JO H N S O N * Now lei t tackle another question. "IV ocessing a certain cellulose product involves ove tu g h i so a k mg m a solution of ,5 p er cci {nnaldehyde, and snhscquently eomtde uMc CnrntaUlt h yde odr i* g iven off d o rm th r d rv tn g if w hich those in th e vicum o ften mplain. H ow m u ch ittrnt*hh liy*le w ould rep resen t toxic proportion*. DR, S A N D E R : U n d o u b ted ly . tm Joyces .Itottld h e in fo rm e d o t e v e ry h a z a rd A ud how could the quantity p resen t in ll a h b est be determined?*' tt<v lu d i th e y a re e x p o s e d ..a n d th e y should he informed a lso of th e findings o n exam ination A nyone g o in g to h is d o c to r, f**r my reason w hatsoever, w an ts to know hat was found In the sam e*way. att em ployee going to a p la n t d o c to r w ant to I m w hat w as found. H e % n o t p ay in g far llte ex am in atio n , h u t th a t m ake tm dttitreuft. h e i till a Im m an b ein g vtlto * inferesird in h is o w n h e a lth an d hi. ftrr years of gMinfui e m p lo y m e n t. The practice in W isco n sin w ith physical ruminations ha* been to give employee* a duplicate ropy of th e rcjvort w hich the mplnyer receive*. T h e W isc o n sin In d u s trial Com mission re c e n tly p u b lish ed a tertaration of principle on p h y sic al ex* Mtanttittit in in d u s try w h ich e v e ry o n e in iwMr<l in tlu< p ro h le n i sh o u ld see. In that it is specifically re o u e ste d th a t ew* Inver* he given a co p y o f th e re p o rt w hich iSeouvloveT receives rfiat is tin! a c o m p le te re c o rd o r re p o rt * i* merely a s ta te m e n t o r Sisfing o f the mpnrtant defects. 1 believe th a t it Is a* twik to give em ployee* c o m p le te re 9rta it i* to give th e m n o th in g a t all. I worker is not in te re ste d in w h at hi* pressure reading was yesterday or ) >r M etier, would you filer to tack th a t pftMem> U K M K l T h t t . In miv wii eX}H*rn*iu* {rmafdrhvde is irritatin g e n o u g h s o III. 1*0 w ould not require refined te ch n ic in*trut>rnt* to m ake determ ination*, b cau se 1 is very easily n o tic ea b le tn lo concentration*, t think proper enginee *ng m ethod* could hr devised (or ehm dating the fumes without using technic itiM rurnentx. b ecause il i* n ecessary to ker th e fum es dow n to very tow concent ratio o th e rw ise a d erm atitis m a y dev elo p *r :d*o ore eyes C H A IR M A N J O H N S O N : Docs tl m ed ical sid e ol o u r panel w ish to level time a<i\ farther? IMI ('R A N C H I thiwfc th a t ipirsti H m iratrs oue of the phases w here M tit ccesvarv to have e n g in e e rin g help svfder t* d eterm in e w h e th e r o r n o t vt have rea ch ed a p o in t f safely . bW ntaM eU ydc va\Hr* a re not likely h r iiisir. since in a concentrated form is so irritating th at just for com fort son relit 1 vwuriri he dem anded, n th a t w e he not he particularly concerned ahntit wh mu* cittralim t is obtained. tatxv: he is m erely in te reste d in know* g xhether o r n o t 1 is M RwficsM ly high, aadthat is all he cares afuit There are a number of chem icals th a t *irt w here th e m m edtate effect a v.* ir rita tin g th a t toxc e x p o s u re wou CHAIRMAN J O H N S O N : Is there rW dv else on th e p an e l w h o w ould liter wdurvi** th e question? m a ll) I*e avoided in th e co u rse o f ore tia r\ g*") practice in h an d lin g th e m tcrial MR R O N S IR : l th in k y ou ra n cause C H A IR M A N fOTiNSON* o *mret th ro u g h fear, b y failure t** l , mU a v s he lia s a n o th er idea W arn \ 1 `* .\M /l .\ < Mi/I , M l; t < h K i b e l i t e r a t u r e d , , r s i<m M nnf uU.i m a t i n r u i n g t h e <lr v r h . j . m e t t t 1 ! i f f i t - i t o c nt t u r n s , Old i*( t i f v.otnlctink, m < ciM iaiiui( w h e th e r th* t rutrjitoi*, vslm b w ere listed in tl* i i t e t * | u r r j i t d Jf<* i r j H A t l x c I f l K W w a< a s with a iiderjbtc am ount id ittita iitm . <r w h e t h e it w a s m t h e h i g h e r It gf f m yf iff W r ran .m alyses on som e form al irh>de Ks in an o p e ra tio n w h ere fo rm al d e lu d e wts hi m g u se d m th e m a n u f a c tu r e o( s y n th e tic frM `I lie m e th o d w e u se d sva> th e 1'itliMiMK <f the1 air o f th e p la n t through w ater, w ith t o o hubhlm gs m a %erirs. and tested w ith S h ift's re a g e n t, th e irH idar m ethod (nr the determ ination of form aldehyde. and we got results that w o r in th e a re a o f th e b r e a th in g to n e of le*-* th a n As p fi< p e t m illio n , w in c h is ttMtallv su g g e s te d as a sa tisfa c to ry con- i eiilrathui \ ( one point w e ra n it up to 90 o r 100 iArrs p e r t in ) b o n . a n d a t th a t p o in t I fo u n d 1 c o u ld Weep m v n o s e th e r e for th ir ty s e c o n d s |,^ ftre i d e c id e d to b a rk a w a y fro m it Itm i do agree w ith Dr. C ranch and I >r ,\feiier th a t w h e re th e ir r ita tio n d o c s get c v r u K r , then the irritative gas can he talien as the determ ining facto r ev er (h o u g h with m o st of th e m aterials the irrita tio n is wot th e safe w ay to d e te rm in e w hether a ga* condition is or is n o t safe < IIA lkM A N JO H N SO N : another Question: H ere is **U su lp h u t hoxule g a s in ooiH cntta ti.uix as low as 10 p a r t s p e r m illion fo r pro longed exposure considered hazardous the health*" ?M*ing to th e triccticaf side* w i|| eith er I >r tlre e u lu trg o r l>r C ranch tell ns if tdptm r dioxide in surf* low* r o n rr o tr a tio ret*eseots a h azard for continuous espo* sure' |K (K K f'.N lU IR C * h a n d It i ju s t a b o u t 1 think, t c a n n o t say of?the borderline. t A IR M A N J O H N S O N : Now, if an em ployee upon ex am in atio n show s a very slig h t increase of lead co n ten t above nor* m at after sixteen years of exposure, w iO d vou change his occupation? 1 d> n o t k n o w w h a t a " v e r y s lig h t" am ount of lead is I think presum ably th is im a n s a few stipple cells, o r som e lung like th a t. If an em p lo y ee u p o n e*- I Aumi.ttiou show s a very slight increase 1 f lead c o n te n t above n o rm a l a fte r Sixteen 1 ex p o su re, w ould you ch an g e his ost upattou? f>K, H K E E N B U R G : l w ould w an t to know w here he showed it, and how U l A l K M A N J O H N S O N : If I may answ er th e question, it M e n u logical that *f th e re is lead sh o w in g u p, it ca m e from som ew here, an d hav in g explored th a t yoa can d eterm in e th e en g in ee rin g p h a se of th e co n tro l, an d p e rh a p s he can sta y on the job a fte r y ou have co n tro lled th e lead f tim es. Mr. C ook, w o n 't you a n s w e r th e follow ing question? "W h at in stru m en ts art there on the m ark et which are reasonable in cost fo r sm alt shop to p u rc h a s e which . can be used to check atm o sp h eres in metal sp ray w o rk for tin e , iro n a n d o th e r harm* fu l fu m es? M u st se v e ra l in s tr u m e n ts be used w here m any types of m etals art Mrayed d u rin g a w o rk in g day?" M etal S praying Equipm ent MR. C O O K ; O n m e ta l sp ra y in g , there arc sev eral an g les. No. !, a b o o th , a ven tilated booth sh o u ld be used w h ere pos sible S eco n d ly , th e m an sh o u ld in most ' cases be given a p o sitiv e p re ssu re air supply. Now, assum ing that the particular o p e ra tio n Is o n e in w hich the m an may bt sp ray in g b rass, th e re a re vario u s method* using the ventilated booth. Let os assume for th e m o m e n t th a t be is p ro v id ed with n** re sp ira to ry p ro te c tio n . If a man t* spraytrig zinc an d th e booth h providing ad eq u ate e x h a u st so th e re is n o t m uch el a cloud of ri c a n d h e d o es n o t g e t metal fum e fever, it is p ro b a b le th a t it is not I n ecessary to m ak e any d eterm in a tio n for *m e ff d u rin g th e co u rse nf th e day the m an is sp ra y in g so m e lead and sonic c*4- : ummt. f w ould feel very definitely thit ! it w ould be w ell to ru n a n eteetrical pf*. ; etpitator sam ple, analyze the sample, ani obtain th e electric precipitation for leaf f an d also fur ca d m iu m w hich w o u ld be s ? ronline cltem ical p ro ce d u re , an d the co. 1 cenlration of both of those should be ktjt , below the su g g ested .toxic limit in order: to assu re th a t v o u are on the safe side. 1 w ould feel th a t it w ould not he neces* * *tv to an aly ze for zinc un d er th o se cos- ( ft t it f t i i i t t n a f \1 7 ditiun, or tot o th e r 4 t l x m c t.d s o u le ss there is some cne th a t p a r ticularly toxic h u t n a ttttu la tly w h ere joa do have lead o r cadm ium * lHe d c tc r- ffl'maiion shotild lx m a d e fo r th o se , am i fcaxd u p o n tho*-c d e te rm in a tio n s >ou u n get an idea on th e b a sis o f th e relative duration of sp ray in g of th o se p a rtic u la r metals w hat the ex p o su re is. DR. M E I T K R - l a g re e w ith Mr- l o o k , and 1 believe th e so lu tio n of tin s proM em it first, th e sc o f a p ro p e rly \ ru tila te d booth so as to c b m in ate th e ex p o su re 1 tht other w orkm en in th e vicinity. The second item is the use tif a positive pressure airline re sp ira to r to p ro tec t the operator, f th in k th a t co n d u c tin g m e ta l wng o p era tio n s all o v e r th e sh o p and thout ad eq u ate eq u ip m en t, especially htre such m etals as lead are sprayed, arc (ping to p roduce o cc u p atio n al diseases. I kUeve th e p ro p e r th in g to d o is to s ta rt rglu w ith the p ro p e r ty p e o f equipm ent, by providing the Uootli and p ro te c tin g th e *un, an d you will th e n * n o t need th e umplrng devices. CHAIRMAN JO H N S O N ' The tlx ipecific an sw er to th e q u estio n seem s In b e th e lead p r e n p ii.ito i a** the m ie g a d g e t t h a t w dl l x si /si f*d. an d th e > a m p c d io ith l l*r jttaly z ed quatil iiativ rly m t h e tb e tm ra l latmr,it<u I w a n t (. a s k t h e J < M " f a .q u e s tio n t u m K t Im u w ith p re -employ incut m ed ical e x a m in a tio n 's i He e x p o s u re *s s o m e th i n g th at m ay cause derm atitis l take it fro m th e question that th e problem of a llerg y a ris e s !>o you reco m m en d p atch te s ts m *oiijiinctt*m w ith pre-em ploym ent c* am iintions u* determ in e an em ployee's pos silde allergy tu the exposure * D R. t KANt. H : In general, f w ould sav ymi w m ilil hardly he w arranted in c o n d u c tin g p a tc h te s ts cm all a p p lic a n ts fo r em ploym ent W here we have a know n m a te ria l to w hich th e em ployee is b ein g exposed th at very com m only produces an a lle rg y reacihm . it m ight he advisable to u s e such a filler J'atcl* tests are n o t 100 p er cent infallible, an d they are not a lto g eth er sim ple. T hev have to he very c a re fully give atul very carefully in terp re ted F o r th at reason, they are not an integral p a rt of an average prelim inary ag reem en t tiprtn exam ination. T hey m ight he q u ite m isleading M XOVRNM EST