Document VGx5X4zzEn2xz96E5q7gM1p7w

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT CON-41 IT EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES TO AIRBORNE FIBERS DURING REMOVAL OF ASBESTOS- CONTAINING RESILIENT FLOOR HUES USING EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED BY FALL ENGINEERING INC. ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES Prepared for Resilient Floor Covering Institute Rockville, MD Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA Prepared by ENVIRON Corporation Arlington. VA October 26. 1990 CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY S. INTRODUCTION A. Background B. Sample Collection and Analysis m. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR FLOOR TELE REMOVAL IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT V. STUDY DESIGN VI. RESULTS vn. CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles 1) Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) 2) Armstrong World Industries (March 1990) E2S 1 3 3 4 6 7 9 il 15 A-1 A-2 A-22 u- ENVIRON I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Removal of asbestos-containing floor tiles in an occupational setting is subject to the standard set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administnuion (OSHA) for occupational exposure to asbestos in the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). This standard requires employers to assure that worker exposures to asbestos do not exceed the permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air for an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc avenged over a 30-minute period.1 The OSHA asbestos standard requires initial monitoring of employee exposure at the scan of a job to determine whether employee exposure exceeds either the action level (0.1 f/cc for an 8-hour TWA), or the excursion limit (1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes). The standard also provides that, in lieu of initial monitoring, an employer may rely upon objective or historical data, conducted under substantially similar workplace conditions, to demonstrate that the action level and excursion limit are not exceeded. In a previous study,2 ENVIRON had shown that floor tile removal with hand scrapers without heating or using hot-air blowers would meet the OSHA standards and OSHA agreed that such data could be used as historical data in lieu of conducting initial monitoring to satisfy the monitoring requirements of the OSHA standard (29 CFR I926.58(f)(2)(iii)) for removal of resilient floor tiles. To determine whether other heating methods would give similar results, ENVIRON Corporation was retained by the Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI) and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (Armstrong) to design and carry out a study of worker exposures to airborne asbestos during removal of asbestos-containing resilient floor tiles by infrared heating technology following the operating instructions recommended by Fall Engineering Inc. (FEI), the manufacturer of the Tilelift Model 24x24 tile removal equipment, pursuant to work practices recommended by RFCI and Armstrong ("Recommended Work Practices,* see Appendix). 1 OSHA has recently proposed to lower the PEL to 0.1 f/cc (55 FR 140:29720, July 20, 1990) * 1 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of exposure to airborne fibers d -jing removal of resilient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington, DC: ENVIRON. April 3. -1- ENYIRON Removal of the floor tiles utilized infrared heating equipment to loosen the bonding mastic and permit removal of the entire tile as an intact unit. This report presents an analysis of fiber exposures to floor mechanics during the removal of resilient floor tiles pursuant to the manufacturer's operating guidelines and floor industry Recommended Work Practices, in which the FH equipment serves as the radiant heat source. The highest observed TWA (assuming no background concentration), as determined by phase-contrast microscopy (PCM), was 0.0185 f/cc, which is less than 20% of the OSHA action level. The observed excursion level was less than the detection limit of 0.0123 f/cc (i.e. no different from the TWA), which is less than 2% of the OSHA excursion limit concentration. Based on the uniformly tow occupational exposure levels, no additional floor tile removal studies with foe FH tile removal equipment were deemed necessary at this time. This study shows that foe action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers were not exceeded when performing floor tile removal activities utilizing foe FH Tileiift Model 24x24 as a heat source in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, removal of floor dies using the FH Tileiift Model 24x24 should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed is accordance with Recommended Work Practices. -2- EN VIRON EL INTRODUCTION A. Backgrotuid Id Older to provide a better evaluation of the potential exposure to airborne asbestos and other types of fibers when recommended removal procedures are followed, the Resilient Floor Covering Institute and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. requested ENVIRON Corporation to design and conduct a scientifically valid study of exposures to fibers during the removal of asbestos-containing resilient floor tiles using infrared heating technology. Such tiles, although no longer manufactured, are still in place in homes, institutions, and commercial or industrial establishments. When new flooring is instailed, removal of an existing resilient floor covering may be necessary. The Recommended Work Practices, however, advise that floor tile removal should be conducted only if new flooring cannot be installed directly on top of die existing floor. The floor mechanics who remove the tiles are potentially exposed to airborne asbestos fibers during the removal process. Consequently, the removal process in an occupational setting is subject to the regulations of die Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) that limit employee exposures to airborne asbestos. OSHA has issued two standards regulating occupational exposures to asbestos, one for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and one specifically for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.28). The sponsors have developed specific work practices recommended for resilient floor die removal that are to be used whether or not the floor dies contain asbestos (see Appendix). They also specifically recommend against employing extremely aggressive removal techniques, which are no more effective than the recommended techniques, but carry a greater potential for adversely affecting the integrity of the resilient floor dies. In an earlier report,3 ENVIRON found that removal of tiles with hand scrapers without hearing would meet the OSHA standards. 3 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of exposure to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington. DC: ENVIRON. April 3. 3- - ENVIRON B. Sample Collection and Analysis ENVIRON has designed and conducted experiments on the removal of asbestos- containing floor dies according to the Recommended Work Practices and equipment operating guidelines suggested by the manufacturer of the die removal equipment. Industrial Health' Incorporated (IHI) was engaged by ENVIRON to conduct all air monitoring. Air sampling was performed prior to and during each removal operation to monitor the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers. Five types of air samples were collected during resilient floor die removals: overnight baseline samples in the work area prior to removal; perimeter samples outside of the work area during removal; personal samples on each of two workers during removal; personal samples on one individual acting as a supervisor or observer, who spent a significant amount of time in the immediate work area, although she was generally not directly involved in the actual removal; and one 30-minute personal sample on a worker. All area samples were collected by setting the sampling apparatus in a stationary location. Filters were held on stands placed at random locations in the room. Personal air sampling monitors were attached to each worker or observer with the filter located within the individual's breathing zone, as defined by OSHA. In each case, two samples were collected side-by-side for analysis by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All air samples intended for PCM analysis were collected in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.8 um pore size, mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. Samples intended for TEM analysis were collected in accordance with EPA's Interim Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Method. These samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.45 um pore size, mixed cellulose ester fiber filters with 0.8 um backup filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. All samples were collected using cassettes in the open-face ENVIRON configuration. Funfaer deoils concerning the sampling procedures followed by EHI are provided in a companion volume.4 Four separate bulk samples of the adhesive material were taken for polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis. Analysis of the samples was made using a polarizing light microscope and dispersion staining objective in accordance with guidelines set forth in die GPA Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples (40 CFR, Part 763, Subpan F, Appendix A - 7-1-87 Edition). All air monitoring samples were shipped by Federal Express to RJ Lee Croup, Inc. (RJ Lee) for independent laboratory analysis. Blank filters were submiffed to the analytical laboratory for analysis with the samples. For PCM analysis, one hundred fields were counted at a of 400X following the rules outlined in NIOSH Method 7400. The method requires that 100 fields be counted unless fiber counts are sufficiently high to provide adequate reliability with fewer fields. A minimum of 20 fields must be counted under any circumstances. All fibers or fiberiike panicles measuring at least 5 nm in length and having a 3-fco-i length-to-width aspect ratio were counted. For TEM analysis, if necessary, samples are analyzed using proposed EPA Level II analysis. The analysis for asbestos fibers consists of fiber morphology, visual selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and elemental chemical analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), supplemented by the measurement and interpretation of micrographs of several SAED patterns. The samples are analyzed at a magnification of 20000X. Particles longer than 5 nm meeting the definition of a fiber length-to-width aspect ratio of greater than 3-to-l and having substantially parallel sides are classified as chrysodle or amphibole following definitions developed by Yamatc*. Structures containing such asbestos fibers are classified in conformance with the definitions in the EPA Interim Method. 4 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using equipment supplied by Fall Engineering Inc. Arlington. VA: ENVIRON. October 26. * Yamate, G., S.C. Agarwal, and R.D. Gibbons. Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbestos Fibers by Electron Microscopy. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3266. 5 ENVIRON ffl. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR FLOOR TILE REMOVAL According to recommendations by the floor manufacturers, existing resilient tile floors should be left in place, whenever possible, and the new floor adhered directly to the tile following the manufacturer's directions. In the event the existing tile must be removed, RFCI and Armstrong have developed work practices for controlling asbestos exposures potentially resulting from floor tile removal that are designed to assure compliance with the OSHA standards governing exposure to asbestos. These Recommended Work Practices (see Appendix), which continue to evolve from earlier recommendations, prohibit sanding or otherwise abrading the tile surface, and call for the use of other, less aggressive techniques to facilitate removal of tiles intact. Included among these, for example, are techniques designed to loosen the underlying floor tile adhesive by heating the more firmly attached tiles with a hot air blower or heating element prior to removal attempts. Additional exposure protection is provided through advice on practices to follow before and after removal of the floor tile. The floor must be vacuumed before and after removal with a High Efficiency Paniculate Air (HEPA) vacuum cleaner or damp swept/mopped. Removed tiles are to be carefully placed into old tile boxes at periodic intervals to eliminate breakage and then the full boxes should be placed in labeled, impermeable trash bags. In addition, both the HEPA vacuum bag and any floor sweepings must be disposed of in a labeled, impermeable trash bag. These practices help to minimize air entrainment of any asbestos or other fibers that may be present on or beneath the floor during and after tile removal. Additional details regarding the Recommended Work Practices for both RFCI and Armstrong are provided in the Appendix. 6- ENVIRON IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT In 1972, OSHA promulgated a standard dealing with occupational exposures to asbestos for all industries covered by the Act (Occupational Safety and Health Aa of 197C). On June 20, 1986 and September 14, 1988, OSHA issued revised standards relating to occupational exposures to asbestos for both general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and for the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). The 1972 standard established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2 fibera/cc (f/cc) as an 8-hour tune-weighted average (TWA). The present standards, among other things, reduced the PEL to 0.2 floe as an 8-hour TWA and set an excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc average over a 30 minute sampling period. OSHA has also set an action level of 0.1 f/cc calculated as an 8-hour TWA (29 CFR 1926.58(b)). Although the general industry standard is similar, further references will dte the construction standard only, because removal of asbestos-containing resilient floor dies is classified as a construction activity according to OSHA. Tbe standard for the construction industry requires that each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by tbe standard must, with certain exceptions described below, perform initial monitoring to determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos to which employees may be exposed (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(i)). When the action level of 0.1 f/cc or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must continue to perform initial monitoring at the initiation of subsequent new asbestos jobs. Employee training, and under certain circumstances, medical surveillance are also required when exposures exceed the action level. When the PEL of 0.2 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must establish a demarcated, regulated area to which access is limited to authorized persons supplied with respirators (29 CFR 1926.58(e)). Certain additional conditions also apply to a regulated area. When the results of continued periodic monitoring reveal that employee exposures, by statistically reliable measurements, are below the action level and the excursion limit, initial monitoring of continued activities may be discontinued (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(4)). OSHA provided two exceptions to the requirement for initial monitoring: where objective data demonstrate that employee exposures are below the action level and excursion limit (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(ii); or 7- - ENVIRON Jl * where the employer has historical monitoring data to rely upon in lieu of Initial monitoring (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(iii). The regulation states, in 'pertinent pan (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)): (2) Initial Monitoring: (i)Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraphs (f)(2)(H) and (f)(2)(iii) ofthis section, shall perform initial monitoring at the initiation of each asbestos, tremoiite, anthophyilite, or aednoiite job to accurately determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremoiite, anthophyilite, or aednoiite to which employees may be exposed. (ii)The employer may demonstrate that employee exposures ate below that action level and/or excursion limit by means of objective data demonstrating that the product or material containing asbestos, tremoiite, anthophyilite, aednoiite, or a combinadon of these minerals cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations exceeding the action level and/or excursion limit under those work conditions having the greatest potential for releasing asbestos, tremoiite, anthophyilite, or aednoiite. (iii)Where the employer has monitored each asbestos, tremoiite, anthophyilite, or ^ aednoiite job for the TWA, and where he has monitored after March 14, 1988, for the excursion limit, and die data were obtained during work operations conducted under ~ workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions used and prevailing in the employer's current operations, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section. OSKA did not provide a specific definition for such exceptions in its 1986 regulations. However, OSHA has recently determined6 that a previous ENVIRON study7 evaluating exposure to airborne fibers during resilient floor die removal did provide historical data. Data presented in this study of resilient floor tile removal were collected in much the same manner as in the previous study. 6 Letter from Thomas J. Shepich. OSHA. to William B. King, Armstrong, dated October 27, 1989; letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA. to Walter D. Anderson. RFCI, dated February 6. 1990. 7 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of worker exposure to airborne fibers ' jxing removr.1 of lient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington. DC: ENVIRON. April 3. -8- ENVIRON V *s V. STUDY DESIGN On May 21.and 22, 1990, a resilient floor tile removal study was conducted at the Elizabethtown Recreation Center in lancastcr County, Pennsylvania. The removal activity occurred in the main floor classroom of the center. The room contained predominantly greyjasper, 9" square tiles that were identified as having been manufactured by Armstrong, with a variety of other replacement tiles interspersed throughout the initial floor. The purpose of fids study was to investigate the efficiency and safety of tile removal equipment, using infrared radiant heating technology, to remove asbestos-containing resilient floor tile. Tie removal was to be performed in accordance with the Recommended .Work Practices and equipment operating guidelines provided by Fall Engineering, Inc., the manufacturer of the Tlclift Model 24x24 equipment. Ties were heated in order to loosen the underlying mastic and effect proper tile removal. Temperatures measured a few centimeters above the tiles could reach nearly 600F. The work area was prepared on May 21st by removing all materials and furniture within the study area. The work areas were thoroughly cleaned by wet mopping and HEPA vacuuming at fids time in order to any sources of ambient asbestos other than the tile that might affect the monitoring results. Otherwise, the floors were not specially prepared and were typical of floors requiring removal. Pre-work baseline samples were set up in the middle of the work area and allowed to run overnight. Worker exposures during removal were monitored by placing personal samplers on the two workers. Two companion samplers were placed on each worker, one with a filter designed for PCM analysis and one designed for TEM analysis. An.observer was similarly equipped with companion samplers. A protocol for resilient floor tile removal called for analysis of the PCM filter in all cases, but analysis of the TEM filter was not required unless the PCM results exceeded the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc for 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc for 30-min excursion sample). Because occupational exposures are regulated by OSHA according to PCM results, the TEM measurements are not directly relevant. However, in floor removals of this type, where non-asbestos fiber sources can be present, an elevated PCM reading is not necessarily indicative of elevated exposures to asbestos. The companion personal TEM samples were reserved only to determine whether any elevated PCM count observed was truly due to asbestos. In order to ascertain whether other sources of fibers were present in the study area, a pair of overnight ar<-a. samples was collected prior to any removal activities. A 9- - ENVIRON pair of perimeter area samples was collected just outside the work area, concurrent with the removal activity to assay for potential fiber sources near the study area. If an outside source of asbestos had been suspected (e.g., nearby demolition activity), a pair of outside samples would have been collected concurrent with the removal. Again, the companion TEM area samples were to be analyzed only if the PCM readings were found to be elevated. -10- ENVIRON VI. RESULTS Fibers of asbestos and many other natural and man-made materials are found in virtually every type of environment, including structures where resilient die floors might he removed. Many of these fibers would qualify for inclusion under the geometric counting rules of the OSHA standard, independent of their composition or origin. These fibers are not attributable to floor removal activities and should not be counted against compliance with the acdon level. Therefore, acquisition of background concentration tiara on qualifying fibers is necessary for interpreting the exposure results in floor removal operations. In this study, the background concentration was obtained from the pre-work baseline sample, which was taken prior to the floor removal operation and analyzed via PCM. PCM analysis of this baseline sample was observed to exceed the PCM analytical sensitivity (limit of detection).. Therefore, calculation of airborne concentrations during removal must be modified to reflea this observed ambient fiber level. A more conservative calculation of.net concentration in exposure samples can be obtained by assuming that the baseline concentration is 0.0 flee rather than the observed value. This provides a eateilatwri net rrmrt-rttntirm that will he a marinum value Some of the filters used in the personal monitors are made of materials that can be contaminated with asbestos fibers as well as other fibrous material prior to use. Such contamination should also not be attributable to floor removal activities and should not be counted against the action level. Therefore, a blank filter, which was not exposed to the work environment, was analyzed for fiber counts. No contamination of this filter was observed. To assure the relevance of the tests, the asbestos content of the floor .tiles was also determined by polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis of bulk samples. Because this determination is very sensitive to the method of sample preparation, two laboratories, RI Lee and Dixon Information, lac. (Dixon) were asked to analyze tile samples. RJ Lee also provided both ENVIRON and IHI with PCM fiber counting results. For PCM analysis, concentrations reported in fibers per square millimeter (f/mirr) detected on the sample filters were converted to airborne fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) using the following relationship: C,* (f/cc) = Can- (f/mirr) Filter Area (mm1) / Air Volume Sampled (cc) (1) -11- ENVIRON C^z is the concentration of airborne fibers and Cte is the concentration of fibers analyzed on the sample filter. The total surface area of the sample filters is 491 mm*; however. 106 mm* of this area is shielded by the sampling cassette and cowling. Thus, 385 mm* of surface area were available for analysis. Sample volumes were reported by tffi in liters and were convened to cubic centimeters. The net PCM concentration is then obtained by subtracting the baseline concentration. For PLM analysis, results were reported as the percentage of asbestos and non*asbestos fibers (RJ Lee and Dixon data are in die companion volume8). An air sampling report prepared by EHI, covering the site description and a detailed presentation of the sampling procedures and findings, and analytical results of the fiber analyses conducted by R. J. Lee and results for bulk tile sample analysis by Dixon are provided in die companion report. Floor mechanics typically do not spend a full 8-hour shift at a job site but famad spend some of their time enroute from and back to their home shop. Therefore, a final timeweighted averaging adjustment is necessary to account for the fact that the floor removal activities and the corresponding monitoring do not always extend over a full 8-hour workday. The TWA was calculated by assuming that all unsampled time, including lunch breaks away from the work area and transit time, would involve no work-related exposure to asbestos. Consequently, the TWA concentrations in this study are lower than the net concentrations by a factor of T/480, where T is the actual sampling time in minute and 480 is the number of minutes in an 8-hour workday. If the mechanics should remain on-site to do additional work, such as installing a new floor in a small area, some residual fibers could remain in the air and exposure would be higher than the TWA as calculated but lower than the level measured over the actual removal period. Without exception, all of the concentrations of airborne fibers experienced by the workers and observer, whether or not adjusted for TWA, are for below the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc as an 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc as a 30-min Excursion Limit) by PCM analysis, even when assuming that the background concentration was 0.0 f/cc. Therefore, none of the TEM samples was analyzed. The highest observed TWA by PCM analysis was 0.0185 f/cc, less than 20% of the OSHA action level, when assuming no baseline concentration. The results for worker exposures in this study are summarized in Table l. Due to the small number of samples, no statistical analysis was performed on these results. 8 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using equipment supplied by FE1 Engineering Inc. Arlington. VA: ENVIRON. October 26. -12-' tNVIRON A sample was taken specifically to examine short-term worker and observer exposures. The observed excursion level was less than the detection limit of 0.0123 f/cc, which is less than 2% of the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period. It should be noted that the sample concentration reported by RJ Lee for the excursion sample was below the analytical sensitivity of 7 f/mnr. Sample data are presented in Table 1. It was noted during the removal that the FH Tllelift Model 24x24 did not evenly heat ail of the floor tiles, resulting in surfidal burning of some tiles and Mure to sufficiently heat other dies. -13- ENVIRON TABLE 1 Adjusted Personal Monitoring Results for Worker and Observer Exposure During Removal of Resilient Tile Flooring with the Tilelift Model 24x24 Pursuant to Industry Recommended Work Practices Sample T/p* Net PCM Concentration (f/ccj 8-Hour TWa <r/cc) Rgaltf-MriifitiLfar. lafrimt Baseline Pcrioctcr Worker #1 Worker 02 Observer Excursion Fggjg 0.0053 0.0154 0.0096 0.0097 0.0180 <0.0070* N/A* N/A* 0.0077 0.0075 0.0143 N/A* Results assume that the baseline concentration is 0.0 f/cc Baseline Perimeter Worker #1 Worker fl Observer Excursion 0.0 0.0207 0.0149 0.0150 0.0233 <0.0123* N/A* N/A* 0.0120 0.0117 0.0185 N/A* Notes: ' * Bulk samples taken of the resilient tile flooring were assayed at 10*12% chrysotile asbestos. PCM measures both asbestos and non-asbestos fibers greater than 5 um m length, 0.25 tint in width, and with a 3-to-1 aspect ruxo. Baseline samples were taken overnight, prior to the removal activity. Perimeter samples were takes m an area adjacent to the study area. Activities performed by workers #1 and #2 are similar in scope and airborne exposures should be comparable. The observer waa generally in the room throughout the removal activity and may have participated in some removal activities, although to a leaser degree than the workers. Excursion level was determined for a 30-minute exposure period during the removal activity. The sample concentration reported by RJ Lee was below the analytical sensitivity of 7 f/rnnf. These data are not applicable for these samples. -14- ENV IRON vn. CONCLUSIONS Biased on this analysis of results for exposures to asbestos and other fibers during removal of resilient floor tile using infrared radiant hearing with the Tflelift Model 24x24 from Fall Engineering Inc., ENVIRON concludes that exposures to fibers experienced by workers conducting resilient floor tile removal according to the floor manufacturer's Recommended Work Practices and operating guidelines supplied by the equipment manufacturer did not exceed the OSHA action level or excursion limit for the asbestos construction standard for protection .of workers. The 8-faour TWA concentration was less than 20% of the OSHA action level when conservatively assuming that no ambient background fiber levels were present. Accounting for the observed baseline concentration gives a maximum TWA concentration that is less than 15% of the OSHA action limit. The observed excursion level was found to be less than 2% of the OSHA excursion limit. This study shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers were not exceeded when performing floor die removal activities utilizing the Fall Engineering, Inc. Tflelift Model 24x24 as a heat source in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, removal of floor tiles using the Tflelift Model 24x24 should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed in accordance with Recommended Work Practices. slb\arss0OB\O I-1494*.fe2 *15- ENVIRON APPENDIX V\X\ a APPENDIX Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) Armstrong World Industries, Inc, (March 1990) A-2 A-22 A-l APPENDIX 1 Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) -A-2- iracwr cava) BBOCMCCEBUBK PRACTICES FOR THE RPOVAL CT BESgJBff FLOOR OOtfEKflCS V Li Do Not Sand, Dry Scrape, SaedbLasc or Hedumically Pulverise fatiscing ReaiUtnc Flooring, Sacking, Or Lining Felt. These Produces May Contain Asbestos Fibers That An Noc Readily Identifiable. Using The Above Non-recoapended Procedures On As&esto-<onralning Haceriai can Treats Asbestos Duse. The Inhalation Of Asbestos Duse May Cause Asbescosls Or Ocher Serious Bodily Nans. Seeking Creaely Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily Ham. NOTICE Various federal, state and local government agendas have regulations covering the removal of asbestoscontaining material. If you are considering the removal of resilient floor covering znar contains, or is assured co contain, asbestos, you should rfeterrine if these relations apply. The T5CI raeornended ork practices are designed to carrpLy viph me feceral occupational asbestos permissible ermsure l Loirs. ' This publication replaces prior editions of these .'or.< practices. Future editions of these vork practices nay be issued to replace this publication. Issued by .TesiUsnc Floor Covering Institute 966 SLngerford Drive Suite 12-8 Rockville, >0 20850 (301) 340-8580 REXXMCNDED JCMC PRACTICES FOR RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS OCNTENIS Introduction Rerrii--niod Work Praedcee Preparation of Floors Ceneral Information >ieet Vinyl Floor Covering Ceneral Information and Preparation Soeclal Precautions Corplece Removal, Peripheral CarpLece Removal, Cnadhered Catplece Removal, Adhered Coopltte Removal, Underiaymenc Resilient Tile Floor Covering General Information CarpLece lercval of Sxiscirvj .Tesilient Tile Floor Covervnc Carplece Removal Tile am Underiaymenc Preparation of Adhesive Coated Subfloors MORXANT WKSHttKH TOR INSTALLERS OF RES2LXBH FLOOR CSVGUNQS Introduction Tie ..ember cotnanies of the Resilient "Loot Covering Institute ere ranuf.iccurers of the following forms o: ResiLient Floor Coverings: 1. Sheet Vinyl 2. Vinyl Floor Tile '.'hile today these products co not contain asbestos, it is possible c.ue ir the pest some of these products including asphalt tile, uav hav< contained fizmly-encaosuLaced asbesco: fibers. In the past decade rauc. uttar.tion has been focused on ch< relationship between exposure t> asbestos fibers and respirator ailments. It has been determined tha Inhalation of free airborne asbesto fibers may be Injurious co health !owever, the asbestos fibers contalne in tha above types of resilient floe coverings ere noc free but flrml encapsulated or locked in the produc during the manufacturing process Asbestos contained therein will ne hecane airborne during the lifetime c the product svhen these products are us and maintained as reconxnended by c: manufacturer. The Resilient Floor Coverir Institute is providing this booklet c recommended work practices c installing or removing resilient fioot so that you may proceed with this wa: In a prudent and protected manner. -2- There are severeL general rules co c'ollow: 1. Unless absoLutelv positive beyonc any doubc chat Che floor Is a ncnasoescos oroduct, assure it csncains asbescos a nr :rr.: 1: in c:e .anner prescribed in rh-.3 ~aimnlec far a floor containing asoescas. 2. It is mrafzrred ca install a new floor over c floor which contains . asbescos richer than to remove chat floor.. This can be hone by. several methods--direcclv over the existing floor; installing new vjderlayncnc; or use of leveling compounds following installation procedures recommendec by che floor covering manufacturer. 3. removal should be considered che lasc alternative. Never sand any resilient floor or its backing co remove them from che floor (See Warning). 5. Use a vacuum equioped wtch a HEPA filcer, disposable dusc hag, and metal floor cool (no brush). 6. All sheec removal ruse be done using deterrent solution. 7. All feLc scraniny nose be done -.ec. 5s, Do not dry sveen. 9. MateriaL ' removed -use be olaced ir. heavy-duty ncLvechylone bays a" least 6 nils :hic'<, pronerly labeled and diseased of in an authorized landfill. -3- RSZHCZCED UOS PRACTICES PREPARATION OP FLOORS WITH EXCSTDC RESILIENT FLOOR OOVBUDCS TO RECEIVE NEW RESILIENT FLOOR COUSINS Follow che installation instruct-.: nubLished by the manufacturer of che r floor covering when a new resiiic s.ec or tile 'floor covering is co installed on a surface presently cove: with a resilient floor covering. Th* instructions will cell you what must done co the existing surface before ' new resilient floor covering can installed. Of Che four general procedures Lis: below, teens la, b, and c are coverec manufacturers' instructions. Ieem 2 covered specifically in this Practices tlanual.* 1. Real L lane Floor Covering Instai Qaar . (a) The Existing Surface. Fol the r.vinufsecurer's instruct-, for rawing wax, filling ir. spots, etc. Um wet scrubbt Never sand an existing resill floor covering. 'b) New Underlayment. Inst panels on top of che exes: surface (wood subfloors cand apply new floor cover directly over this. Follow manufacturer's instructions, (c) Leveling Ccnpounds. Follow manufaccurer's instructions. * In case of minor vartaciens. manufacturer's instructions s.n he folLowed. 2. Completely Raeovad Existing Resilient Floor Coveting (a) Shaac Vinyl--Sea instructions below: (U "Complete Removal of Peripherally Adhered Sheet Vtnvl Floor Coverings," nage 6. ' (2) "Complete Removal of Fully Adhered Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering," rage 11. (b) Tile--See instructions under heading "Complete Removal of an Existing Resilient Tile Floor Covering," page 20. SEE? VBKL FLOOR CCVERDC Preparation of Floors With Existing Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering Co Receive a New Rasilient Floor Catering Sheet vinyL floor covering can be installed over existing resilient sheet vinyl floor covering under certain conditions. Be sure to follow the floor covering manufacturer's instructions regarding the conditions and floor oreoaraclon required. If complete removal of the existing sheet vinyl floor covering is required, the following instructions are co be fol lowed: Supplies end Tools (refer Sketch l.) 1. Broad stiff>bladcd wail scraper or floor scraper. 2. Utility or hook knife. 3. Tank type wee/dry HEPA (Hlgr Efficlency Particulate Air; filter vacuum cleaner wicr disoosabie dust hag and mecal floor cool (no brush). *. Large size heavv-dur> impermeable trash bags (at leas: 6 mils Chick) or close: impermeable containers, wit: ties, capes, or string co cic shut and tags for labeling. 3. Carden snrayer. 6. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated co concai: anionic, .nontonic, a_namphoteric- surfactants. ~h detergent should he mixed vie. water to make a dilute solucia (13 oz. of detergent in on gallon of warm water) .* 7. Pressure sensitive labels. 3. Ground fault circuit incerruote for connection of HEPA vacu. and any ocher eiactrica equipment. tiMMBC Sketch i. Tools and supplies for sheet removal "PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring become slippery when wet with a decerger. solution. Use caution to contain cr solution in Che tnmediace worx are. Standing on a new sheet of olywooc non-slip surtaca wnile working recortmended. 7K 6- - WHWBC Sketch 2. Never cry scrace acherec ireas of floor covering 7. CROWD FAULT CIRCUIT DflERHUPTER F ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A b ENVERM-fifT. I'ake a cut in the adhered flc yy^r---- cover; WARNING aver s*.rx r<is in: Tver ccr: covering 4 to 8 Inches vid parallel with the walls, arounc t pe runeter cf the toon. C. Starting on either side of c entrance door, pry up die corner the first, scrip, separating c backing Layer. As the scrip WMWINC Skeccti 4. hash hands before eating ann ac che end of cr.e -.vor^ cay being removed, a constant nisc the detergent solution .r.usc snrayed into che delaminacion r point to minimize any airborne cu particles.n '.hen done properly, a felt remaining on che floor and the back of che scrip win ttioroughly wet. The scrip is peel by nulling upward at an angle er CCMPLEIE REMOVAL OF PERIHOALLY -TOs, ADHERED SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING ne raics che best seoaration or ' rolling around a core. A. Preparation l. "cjvc aLl appliances and furniture fron che work area. 3. Geneve all binding strips or peter restrictive -.Toldinj fron doorways, vails, etc. 3. y.i'A a determent solution (16 ouncas o^ the siiecified lirutd determent [See page 5, -*S] to l gallon of vara vacer) and pour into a garden sprayer. 4. Clean the entire floor using a wet/dry vacucr. clearer oquioned virh a .3!PA filtration System and nets l floor attac.in-.ent (no brusn). Co (Jot Si*ep. WARNINC ELECTRICAL SHOCX HKOKU kXISTS. USE A 0. Roll che scrip cighcly as it removed. Tie or cane securely ; place in a heavy-duty irnemea: trash bag or cLosed i;.inenv.ea.. container for disposal. S. It my be necessary to remove a second strip following steps -3, !'.) if the unadhered subfloor = iias not been exposed. FRECAUTICH: Resilient flooring becc slipoery when wet with a decern solution. Use caution to concam solution in che i.nnadiace wont ar ScaTviing on a new sheet of oLvwooc non-sLip surface wm*.e worVmg reccmenced. r. Remove all of che ejosed residual felt by wet scraping before proceeding- RESIDUAL FELT MUST BE REMOVED BY WET SCRAPING: DO NOT SAND Cft CRY SCRAPE IN ANY MAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING OUST. SEE WARNING STATEMENT. Wee Scraping Reslckal Felt t. !hcnvx:y.ly "cz the r2sidu.1l fait with ere deter-ent solution r.nd How a fst.* minutes to soak. '2. Sc end on the remaining floor coverirr (not 1-3 felt) and use the sr* ff-hltde-J straoer or a floor senmr vith * replaceable Mate to rsnove cna kz foLc. WARNING Never sand or dry scrape residual felt. See Warning Statement. 3. .'<a-wec thn folr if the solution has ret co.hnlecely penetrated, if -'.tying occurs or *if' dry felt is exposed during scraping. Scrape all felt frou this floor area before brocted. in- further. Pick in the semir.-s is they are rer/ived trot.- cn-.i f'.mr ,uic' >l.-.cc in a *iesvy-duty ir.r iroeacle trash ha- or closed UviermeabLe conenLner. PRECAUTION: '.'et residual felt as above but do not excessively soak or flood wood floors ulth determent soLution. Excessive 'nter can damage wood floors to t.ie extent that new underlaynent could be recuired. A floor t.uc ; been vc scrapeo r.usc be allowed dry thoroughly before raw resiUe flooring is installed. h. Icntimi* trsurd t.ie row coajjleta rrovinr, t.ie tblversc flooring a.c the .Wu/ecer, or.e strio at 'a t. fall.-x.--.ng stems .1 t.irnucn T. Ja n rer.cvo the floorlAg in tie encranc door..-?'/ until a LI ocner flooring to-./ilecely removed. il. Place all flooring scrips and fe scrapings intnediacely while wee in tie recoimanded crash bags. Clo full bags tightly and seal secure cor disposal. Identify with a lac* stating, "Caution--Concair Asbestos. Avoid opening or breato.: bag or container. ireacnir asbestos nay cause serious booh harm. Dispose of in an annrovc Landfill only."1' 1. Vacuun up any residue of wet cel scrapings uxidlately when a wee/c: vacu.r.i equipped -..-iti a :Z?A filter 'NOTICE Various federal, state, or iota governmental agencies nave requlatior covering the disposal of asoesecs containing material. If you ar considering die removal and disposal c resilient floor, covering that concair or is assured to contain asbestos, y: should determine if these regulaticr aonly. The ".FCI recommended wo tract ices are designed to comely u*i the federal occuoatlonal asoest perrissible exposure limits. and metal floor atcacnmenc (no brusn). J. Pctnove che unadhered flooring as derailed in che following seeps. CCMPLEIE REMOVAL OF SHEET VINYL FLOORINC IN UNAEHEXED AREAS AMD FIXORUC INSTALLED LOOSE LAID (WTIHXrr ADHESIVE) A. ?rap*r2tion o yxsve all aonlienees and furniture from cne ' or*< area. o 'J.novs all Gindin- serins .or ocher restrictive 'ol.' inn z;*" door-ays, -Alls, etc. 3 Prelaw i decnwenc solution ' 10 ounces of the specified liquid detergent [See nae S) co l -allon" of :arm wacer' and wr into a -nrder. snraver. o Clean che e.ncira floor "ith a uet/dry vacur. eruinnec -rich a -TPA FiLcrjcion Svsccm and. necal floor accachrtenc (no brush). Do doc Sweep. Start ac the end. of the roon farthest from c:ic entrance ^oocvav and tut a serin a to > inches vide in cne uracnersc flooring. C. liesove the cue strips while soraying the r.atcrnenc solution cerectly into tie separation -un noint.'- Do hoc PRECAWTCN: .lesiUnc floorir.n, beccres jllmcrv "hen wee `nth a decernenc scluticr. Iso caucion to certain the solucion in che immediate work area, ftending on a new sheet of sliA>ood or non-slip surtace whila wonting is reccn onr.ed. tf -li st and or kneel on the exoo subfloor during die removal proce C. noil die i/ec scrip tightly ar.c or caoe to secure. Continue xr.-: .touarc: the doorway, cutting e scrip and reroving it wtiiLe soray the sarviracion nio point -it.-, etcrrtnt solution. Flues strips L mediately into a ,ieavy-_iupanteable trasn bag or clo L.perneable container. Close ful bags tightly and saaL securely disposal. Idencify wich a La stating, "CautLon--Cones; isbescos. Avoid opening or orea*. b.iz or container. Breac.i. asbestos .nay cause serious boc harm. Dispose of in aoorc* landfill only. (See NOTICE page 9 E. After removing chree series flooring, vacuum the exposed fl using a wet /dry vacum epuippec v a KEPA filter and metal fl attachment (no brush). F. Seams and ocher adhered areas she he rerroved as they are encoir.cs by screening che wear surface snrsytr.g che detergent solution ; the 'delai.j-nation nip ooinc anc scraping die resiaual felt as oreviously described in ccr.n. rar.oval of peripherally acne flooring. H. Continue removing flooring c only one three-scrip area at a uncil che encire floor has . camiecely removed. H. '-.`hen the whole floor nas cos.pletely removed, lec it cry a -12- -13- vacuum up any dusc using a vacuum wch a HEFA Fllcradon System and a local floor cool (no brush). Stand only in vacuuntd areas as you proceed across the floor. Position the vacur* cleaner so mac r'Lscr.-.r-s air does not clow on me floor .*in*. cleaned. (See page 3i to i gallon of warn vacer) and pour into a $arc*n sprayer. - Clean che entire fLoor wi.c.1 a wee/dry vacuum eouipped wicn a ITA Filtration Sysceiu and .-era;, floor attachment (no brus:u. jo Tot Sweep. WARNING :-iil?e a series of parallel cuts 4 to Do not dry sweep; avoid creating 3 inches apart, paraLlel to a wall. cxjst. SEE WARNINC SXAXEMDrr. C. Start at the end of the roo-.. I. Tn'te che vacuum cleaner outside and farthest from che entrance door; pry carefully remove the dusc hag and up che corner of cha first scrip, olaee it in a heavy-duty L oerneabie separating che backing layer, a* Crash bay cr closed" impermeable the scrip is being removed, ; container, ?hich is labeled as above, constant mist of che decergent for disnosal. (Sea ->agc 11 virt-rapk *).) solution muse be sprayed into chi , dalai.sLnation nip point to minimtti any airborne dust particles, '..'bet J. `hen che floor is dry, install che done properly, che felt remaining oi new resilient floor covering che floor and on che back of ch ^v following manufaccurers' installation rccomendat ions. scrip -.Jill be thoroughly wtc. TH scrlo is peeled by pulling upward a an angle chat pennies che bes separation or by rolling arounf (XMPLEIE RHCWAL OF AN EXISTING core. ADHERED SHEET VDRL FLOOR OWERING WARNING If complete recrval is required, follow ELECTRICAL SKCTOSARD EXISTS. US chase instructionst A OODD FAULT CXSCUrr INTERRUPT! FOR ANY ELECTRICAL aXMEOICNS IN WARNING WET EWOCtMKT. Never Sand an Ehdlscing Floor Covering D. RoLl che scrip tightly as it i A. Preparation removed. Tie or cape securely an t. .`love all appliances and furniture pLace in a heavy duty IrtpemeabL from che work area. crash bag or closed tmpermeaol 2. Remove all binding sertos or container for disposal. ocher restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. E. Occasionally, parts of the zzi 3. Prepare a determent solution (16 inner-layer will renain stuck to t: ornces of Cha soecified detergent hacking. This condition can -14- somecLr.es he eUrinacecl oy nulling che serins loose cron me .cooeslee end. Peel Che faar.; toner-Layer from che. -floor whlLe arraying t *.a r'ecer-anc solucton Inco me oelc.-.i-vrcion nlo polnc. Sons res ill ore floorin'* is roc readily stn r^aols ?v nap'-'. .hen these condition.;; are rtcctr.terec, it *.iy he --icessiry to jr.nl oy s-am, sciff 'lade scraoer to assise clsava-e of the wearLayer from tele (distance bet'-.'een cues ir. wearLayer shouLd he narrower, 2" to 5" vice). NOTE: vo^arriless of -.*1100. one cf the previousLv -gncioned -'echoes is usee tor strioom? tne wear surtace, tne decertenc solution -use oe soraven inco one celanunacion mo ooinc to mini.rj.2e any airoone cusc ~arcic.es F. Repeac che weccing and removal oroeess on che next two scrips, placing chem immedlacely inco che recommenced rras.1 hags or -concainers for disposal. NOTE: Zwring toe scrioovne process, do noc stand or waLk on cne exoosed fclc C. Afcer removing tnree scrips of che wear surface, tne remaining residual felc muse be removed by wee scraping before proceeding. warning RESIDUAL FELT MUST 'BE RfHJVED BY WET SCRAPING; 00 NOT SAND OR DRY SC3LAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING STATEECNT. 15- H. Mac Senping Residual Felc 1. r.vnrougnLy wee die residual f. '.icn the decergenc solucion. woid excessive weeti-r.g standing uacer. ..ait a : vlnuces co allow die solution soak inco the felc. 2. Stand on che remaining fit covering (noc the felc) anu the sciff-blaced scraner cr floor scraper with a replacea: blade co remove che wee felc. WARNING Never sand or dry scrape resid. felc. See Warning Scacenene. 3. "le-wec c.w felc if che soluc. has noc cosolecely penetratif drying occurs or Lf dry is is exposed during scraoir Scrape all felc from cnis il: area before oroceeding furtne Pick up che scrapings as t: are removed from che floor . place in a heavy-du impermeable crash bag or clcLtpemeable concainer. PRECAUTICN: '.,'et residual f as above cue do noc excess-., soak or flood wood floors decergenc solucion. Excess water can damage wood floors Che excenc that - underlaywenc could be recuir A floor chac has been scraped muse he aLLowec to thoroughly before new resi'.i flooring Is installed. -. After removing the three st: of flooring vacon cne exocse -16- floor using a wee/dry vseusn ecuioped with a HEPA flLter and mecaL floor attachment (no brush). P.eoeat the operation (wectir.2 che del'.-inncisn nio point hile removin': r*;3 nxr three strirs, then vet r.cran* the resicual fcL: znen vacuur. the ennoszf floorJ. Do only one thrae-scrit .area at a tire until the entire floor has hern co-.r.rlecely removed. WBNPC ELECTRICAL SHXTIVZABD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT COtOJZT INIBWUFTER FDR AM ELECTRICAL OONNECnCNS IN A WET ENVXROtHENT. Place ill flooring scrips and felt scratings immediately while wee inco toe recor.nended trasn haja. Close full bars tightly ark! seal securely for disposal." Identify ..*lrh a libel statin-, "'Jiution--Contrins .\shcceas. Avoid r'Mr.in- nr braid.-- or container. *.nachl-i~ -'sheftes *w. tausi serious hoc'U" v.rr.. Tisoos- i.n an nrnroved landfill only." 'S "CTICZ ->a~e 9.) WARNING Do Not Dry Sweep; Avoid Creating Dust. See Warning Statanenc. '..'hen the whole floor has been cor.nietely removed, let it dr/ and vacuum up any dirt usin a vacuur. with a )2PA Filtration System and 3 metal floor attachment (no brush). Stand only in vacutned area as you -roceed across the floor. Posicion the vacuum cleaner so che discharge 17. air does not blow on che floor leov* cleaned. L. Take che vacuur cleaner oucside arr carefully remove cne oust tag arc place it in n heavy-duty Lmetreatla tr.is.1 tat or closed i-permeable container for disoosal, varcr. is L.ibel-it: as aaovn. :!. '..hen tie floor is dry, it is reacy tt have a new resilient floor covering installed. Folia/ the floor coverir.j manufacturer's instructions. OHIEIE REMOVAL OF THIN UXD INQERLAttENT COVERED WITH EXISTDC SECT VTML RESILIENT FLCCRUC 7.ie ref.oval of resilient flooring over ood so o floors using the we sti-inpinn./v/tc scraping ..echod cay not o practical in cases where culciple layer of floor covering are present, wher -on-recommended underLayrmts were used or where die flooring was cade with heavy foam hacldng. As an alternative che '-..'cori underlavnenc can be rei.ove with chs flooring adhered to tt Following are che details. <\. Preoaracion o .love all appLlances ar. furniture from the work area, o Jlemove ail binding scrips : ocher restrictive maiding fre doorways, walLs, etc. o Prepare s detergent solution (*. ounces of che specified licui decergent (See page 5'. to - palLon of .-am .near) anc -a. inco 3 pardon sprayer, o Clean che entire floor with a -13- wec/dry vaculti ertuicoed '..It!". 3 :E?A Filtration System and nec.il floor cool (no brusri). locac-3 the joincs of the incerlayncrx farthest frc.-.i tr.e e.ncrance door. Cut a serin of t.-.e flooring - to d inches '..'ids cantoned. over : .0 ijneerlaynent joinc m o-'.e -'.r.oi. being ramovecr Pry un the corner of the otrio senaricin^ Che bach-inr Lover. As ch-e serin is" he in- rnro'ac!, a cons cant vise of the -'.ecsrgznc solution nusc he snrwd into the '.'.Bl.iru.nac ton nin -cine to niririza any airborne dust 'articles, '.hen done nrooerly, any felt rtraining on the floor and on the tiack of the serin will be thoroughly -at. Tne strio is peeled hv nulling upward at an rmgLe that nemits Che best se*vtracion or by rolling around a core. PRECAUTION: P.esilienc flooring becomes slionery wnen "ec with a decertenc solution. L'se caucicn co contain the so'Lucion in t *.t imotiiaca ivor: area. St.3nc.Lr-. m a re" sheec of tlvwooti or ron-slin surtace -rule wonting is recocroeno.ed. (Loll the scrip tightly as it is removed. Tie or tape securaly and nlace in a r.oavv-duty L.nperneabLe trash bag or closed LnpermeabLe container far disposal, which is LabeLad "Caution--Contains Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking bag or container. Breaching asbestos may cause serious bodily harm. Dispose -19- of in an approved larvufill oniy. warning RESIDUAL FELT B35TTE RBCVH) BY SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAP ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; A> CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING SXATO-CN *. v.inva all of tne r.^osed rest fait jy >m: sevaoing bee icocac-ing. Wet Scraping Residual Felt 1. Thoroughly wet the residual- with the detergent solucton allow a few r.iinuces co soa*. 2. Stand on the remaining' : covering (not the felt) anc the stlff-bladed scraper cr . floor scraper with a replace, blade to remove the wee fait WARNING Never sand or dry scrape residual f See Warning Scar--nc 3. Pus-wet che felt if che sclu has not camLetelv pervetre if drying occurs or if ury is e:;oosec during scrao Gcrane aLl tele from t.-.is : area oefore oroceeding furt Pick up che scrapings as are removed from che floor place in a heavv-c impermeable Crash bag or cl i.tpemeable container. u. Concinue around the underla-panel completely rerro\n.r.g adhered flooring ever joincs. -20- 5. Place all flooring scrips and ftlc scrapings iisnediacely while *t inco Che rjoamnencied crash '.**. Close full bags tightLy and seal securely for disoosal. I: tr.cify with a ' label stating, "Caucton--Contains Asbestos, .'.void onening or breaking bag or container. ?.re* thing asbestos .nay cause serious bodily ham. IHspose in an aoprovad landfill only." (See NTTICS pn-e 9.) $. Vacuum the cmoscd floor area vising a 'xec/drv vacuum equiooed .:ich' a *!F?A filter and .netal floor attachment (no brush). C. rJrive a cole! chisel using a banner or nallac inco the joint at a comer of the oanel. Jou use the cniscl to try the panel up car enough to insert a ->ry bar. Continue working around the panel, lifting aLI edges sLcwly. Use ore or r. sr; bars to pry up ch* underlaynenc oanel a little at a tine until the par*l is cocnleteLy loose and cm be' removed. Every accecsic snould he made to ranove the oanel in one niece. H. If the underlaysenc oanel breaics, cut the resilient flooring ac the break and spray c.ne detergent solution onto the oaoosed felt. Allow trie solution to penetrate tor a few minutes, Chen concinue lifting the broken underlaynent. WASHING ELECTRICAL SHXX HAZARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT COOUT INTERRUPTER FDR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET EWBOtCfT. -21- I, Remove each underlaymenc oanel or piece from the work area as it is lifted to avoid Injury. Wear r.eav\ gloves wv*n handling removed panels. Be very careful of wood splinters anc nrncrudinp fasteners. Flatten fas cane rs with a hammer and stack ent panela -'ac.: to hack on pallecs ox . pUca in clr.pscer. Identify panels vita a label stating, "Caution-- Contains asbestos. Avoid breakin: panels, breaching asbestos may caust serious bodily ham. Dispose of ir an approved landfill only." PLact any small wood or flooring scraps it a heavy-duty impermeable crash bag o: closed Impermeable container fo: disposal. Identify aLl of th> containers and bags vich a labe. stating, "Caution--Contains Asbestos Avoid opening or breaking bag o container. freething asbestos ra cause serious bodily ham. Dispose of in an approved ianrtfllL only." J. If the underlaymenc extends unde cabinecs or wall partitions, it vll he necessary to cut chrougn crx flooring with'a knife as close to t.-. vertical surface as possible, deepl scoring che panel. This should aLlo renovaL. :c. After each panel has been Lifceu nr. ra.-oved from the work area, pull any remaining naiLs or fasceners * the subfloor. L. Concinue removing each vmderlayner. panel following steps G chxroign R. '..`hen the underlaymenc/reseller flooring removaL is comoleter. prepare the subfloor following manufacturer's Installation recommendations. RESILIDfr HUE FLOOR cdverqc Preparation of Floors With bOLatlng Resilient Tiles to Receive New Resilient Floor Covering Some resilient floor coverings can be installed over existing resilient tile installations. Follow the installation instructions published by the manufacturer of the new floor covering when a new resilient floor covering is to be installed on a surface presently covered with a resilient floor covering. These instructions will cell you that must be done to the existing surface before the new resliioic floor covering can be installed. WMWPC Nwr Sni st Existing Tile InecalLadon (sec Sketch 4) Casplete Removal of Existing Resilient Ilia Floor Covering Supplies end Tools (refer Sketch 14) 1. Sharp stiff blade floor scraper. 2. Weighted scraper with long handle. 3. Safety glasses. 4. Hasmer 5. Hot air gm. 6. Wet/dry vacuus with a HEPA Filtration System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 7. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic trash bags with 6 mil v. chidmeaa. 8. Cardan sprayer. 9. A liquid dishwashing deterg> vhlch la stated to contain artier, nonionic, and amphocer surfactants. The detergent sho> be mixed with wacar to make dilute solution (1 oz. of decerg< to one gallon of water). 10. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x or larger. 11. Ground fault circuit lncerrup for connection of HEPA vacuum . any other electrical equipment. Whenever possible, existing tile flo should be left in place and the floor adhered directly to the c: following manufacturer's directions. Occasionally, there is no slcemat except to move the tile; curling, p bond and breakage are coraon reaso If removal is unavoidable, conslderac must also be given to subfloors coa with asphalt tile adhesive, following procedures address racoanendad work practice for removal floor tile and preparation of adhesl coated floors. Removal Proce&ge A. Preparation * 1. Move all appliances furniture from the work artf 2. Remove all binding strips cother restrictive molding fdoorways, walls, etc. 3. It is also suggested that entire floor be cleaned W wet/dry vacuus equipped -a HEPA Filtration System ar metal floor attachment 'no -24- brush). Do Noe Sweep. B. Those trees nonnelly closed eo heevy foot traffic peceems usually have elles adhered the tightest. As a matter of good practice lr. starting the tile removal, chose sections which receive the least traffic should be the locations selected for starting ehe removal of the tile. Since tiles are normally in e 9" x 9" or 12" x 12" dimension, it should be the goel to remove Individual tiles as a complect unit although breakage of seme dies Is unavoidable. C. Start the removal by carefully wedging ehe wall scraper In the seam of no adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the dies up and away from the floor. Continue to force the belance of the tile up by working the scraper beneech ehe tile end exerting both e forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile from the adhesive end the floor. 0. then the first tile Is removed, place It, without breaking It further Into smaller pieces, In a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed Impermeable container which will be used for disposal. E. Ulth the removal of the first tile accessibility of the ocher die is improved. Force the well scraper under the exposed edge of another die and continue to exert a prying twisting forca to the scraper as it Is moved under the die until Che die releases from the floor. Again, dispose of Che die, and succeeding -25- tiles, by placing in Che heavy-due beg or closed container uicha; additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varylr degrees of force. Where ch adhesive is spread taavlly or i quite hard, it msy prove easier : force the scraper through cb tightly adhered areas by scrlkii Che scraper handle with a hum using blows of moderate force whi: maintaining the scraper ec a 25 < 30 angle to Che floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. C. If some areas are encountered whe , even the technique detailed in t previous paragraph proves to inadequate, the roovml procedu can be simplified by thorough heating the diets) with e hot a blower well the heat penetrac through the tile and softens t adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hoc air blow? tiles and adhesl carefully to avoid persor bums. NOTE: Do not handle the heat tiles snd adhesive wtchc suitable glove protect: for the hands. H. As small areas of subfloor a cltared of tils, the adhesl remaining on the floor must treated. The degree of creatm for residual "cut-beck" adhesive dependant upon the type of resilient floor covering materia -26- co be Installed end the type of subfloor. See page 32 Preparation of Adhesive Costed Sufafloar for special recannendaciens. ** If new resilient floor tile is co be installed over a concrete subfloor using an asphalcic adhesive, the residual aspnalcic "cut-back" adhesive must be Left so chat no ridges or puddles are evldenc and what remains is a chin, smooth film. Wee Scraping Residual Adhesive (1) Start in the corner of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10* with water mixed with the specified liquid dishussnlng detergenc !l oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water) to aid in wetting the adhesive. Wet scrape with a sciff-bladed wail or floor scraper moving ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty ittpermaable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, cape or string and label "Caution--Contains Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking container. Breathing asbestos is hazardous to your health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet victim standing water with HEPA wee/dry vacuum. 27- (4) Centime steps (l) chrougn until what remains of the residual asphalcic "cuc-n adhesive is a chin, sme film. I-. As indicated in ' previ paragraphs, clLes should be pi. immediately in a heavy-o impermeable crash bag or cl: impermeable container. Do attempt to break clles fur: after they are in the bag. J. When all tiles and adhesive res: have been ramoved from the and placed in heivy-c polyethylene bags at least 5 thick or closed containers, : Che bags secureLy for disposal labeL: "Caution--Con:a Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking bag or contain Breaching asbestos may ca serious bodily harm. Dispose u approved landfill only." K. Vacuum up any dirt in the using a vactxm equipped with a filter and metal floor acca.cn (no brush). L. After vacuuming, used HEPA til and cleaner bags should be rer> according to manufacture Instructions and placed in a ne duty lopenotable crash bag vt label stating "Caution--Con: Asbestos. Avoid openlr.: breaking container. Brea: asbestos is hazardous co health. Dispose In an app*. landfill only." Close and sea crash bags secureLy for dispos- -28- Complete fUmoval of Thin Ubod Lhderltjwenc Covered with EsisCing Tile Supplies and Tools 1. Chisel. ` 2. Hanmer or mallet. 3. Shore- and long-handled pry hers. 4. Hssvy gloves. 5. Sharp stiff-blade floor scraper. 6. Weighted scraper with Long handle. 7. Safety glasses. 8. Hanner. 9. Hoe .air gw. 10. Wee/dry vacuan vleh a HEPA Fllcraclon Syscam and mecal floor aecachmene (no brush). 11. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic crash begs wleh mlninun 6 mil wall thickness. 12. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x 5" or larger. 13. Crowd fault circuit interrupter for connection of HEPA vacuus and any other electrical equipment. Removal Procedure A. Preparation 1. Move all appliances and furniture from, the work area. 2. Remove any binding strips or other restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. It is aLso suggested that the entire floor be cleaned with a wet/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA Filtration System and a metaL floor attachment (no brush). Do Not Sweep. 8. Starting at the doorway or a floor vencilacion vent. Locate a Joint in an wderlayment board. -29- C. Start the removal by carefully wedging the wail scraper in the seem of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of ehe tiles vp and away from the floor. Continue to force the balance of the tile up by working the' scraper beneath the tile are! exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile fror the adhesive and the floor. Continue to remove tile in this manner, at all joints, mtll all board joints are eaqposed. D. When the first tile is removed piece It, without breaking t: further into smaller places, in . heavy-duty Impermeable crash beg oclosed Impermeable container whlc will be used for disposal. E. With the removal of the first ciL accessibility of the other tile 1 improved. Force the well scrape under the eaqaosed edge of another tile and conrlnm to exert a pryir twisting force to the scraper a it is moved infer the tile unci the tile releases from the floor Again, dispose of the tile, ar succeeding tiles, by placing in tr heavy-duty bag or closed contains without additional breaking. a. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varyln. degrees of force. Where eh adhesive is spread heavily or 1 quite hard, it may prove easier c force the scraper through ct tightly adhered areas by striki: the scraper handle with a hanmer -30- using blows of moderate fore* while maintaining che aezaper e s 25 co 30 angle co the floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. - C. If some areas are encountered where even che technique detailed In the previous paragraph proves to be inadequate, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the ciie(s) with a hoc air blower until the heat penetrates througn the tile and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hoc air blower, tiles and adhesive carefully co avoid personal bums. NOTE: Do not handle the heaced tiles and adhesive without suitable glove protection for the hands. K. After all the tiles have been removed from the ureUtrlayncne joints, drive a chisel, using a haraner or a mallet, between the underlaymenc board and the subfloor. Use the chisel co pry. up the underLaymenc enough co Insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bars to pry up the underlaymenc board a litcle at a time until the boerd is completely loose end can be removed. I. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the underlaymenc board. The underlaymenc board should be removed in one piece. If the underlaymenc board breaks, heat and cue the tile at the break, then continue co remove broken underlaymenc. J. Wear heavy gloves and be very careful of wood spLinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the underlaymenc. Each underLayraenc -31- boerd (or piece of board) stou removed from che work area as as 1c has been pried qp to injuries (such as stepping art . nail). Fasteners protruding f: removed board should be flat: with a hammer. Place reir mderlaymenc boards on skids the nalLs pointing dourwerd. skid with 6 mil p'olyechy plastic sheeting and secure duct tape. - Identify with a : stating "Caution--Conci Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking container. Brett asbestos may cause serious be harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." K. After each board has been rent pull out any nails or fasccstill in che subfloor. Dlspoj these and any ocher nail fasteners which heve been rer but are still lying in che area. L. A chisel is not needed to scar removal of boards after che board has been removed. S work che pry bar lander che ex edge of che next boerd. M. Vfrmn removal of Che underlay existing tile floor is ccnc thoroughly check the exp subfloor. RenalL loose area: reset any. "popped" nail fasteners. N. Vscuuo up any dirt in the using the vacuun cleaner eqi with the HEPA flLter and floor attachment (no brusn). -32- 0. After Che underliwenc is conpletely rwoved, install the new mderliymenc and/or floor covering according co cht manufacturer's installation Instructions. PREPARAXHK Or AZKS2VE COAXED SUBFLCDRS The degree to which residual asphalt adhesive has to be renewed depends on the new flooring material which Is being installed. Generally installation of Vinyl Composition Tile requires only the wet removal of adhesive ridges, excess adhesive, and loose adhesive residues. (See page 25, paragraph H.) Installation of sheet .flooring and specialty tiles requiring latex, resin, or epoxy adhesives will require chat the residual asphaltic adhesive be essentially conpletely removed. Warning Regarding Complete Adhesive Removal: Same Solvere Baaed 'TXC-Sackf' Asphaltic Adieslvee May Cwain Aabeecoa Fibers That Are Not Readily IdmdJELable. Do Noe Use Power Devices Which Crimes Asbestos Dust in Removing These Adhesives. The Iriielacion Of Aabmstoe Dust May Cause Aebmstosls Or Other Serious Bodily Hera. Seeking Greedy Increases The Risk. Of Serious Bodily Hsra. I. Rscoossnded Method for Preparing Concrete Sdbfloore Coarart with CutBeck or Rail slnn Tile Adhesive Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt chat the adhesive is a nonasbestos produce, assimt It contains 33- asbestos and treat It in the .name prescribed in this pamphlet for cut-back or anulslon tile adhesiv containing asbescoa. A. Trwelabie UnderLaynenc Cover the adhesive residue wit troweleble underlaymen following the manufacturer' recommended appllcaclo procedures. (Recommended ft residential use only.) B. Self-Leveling Cement it lot UnderLaymens Follow omrufaccurtr's recommendations for use c these types of underlaymencs . a covering for adhesive coacet concrete. NDB: All wemncles arxl recommendations as co c! suitability and performance o ehese products ere cl responsibility of ct manufacturer of ct undcrlaymanc. C. AAsslve Removers The Resilient Floor Cover! Inadcuce does not recnannid approve the use of the products. There are a nu of cotmerclal adhesive remove on Che market chac wl properly remove cut-back million adhesive residue fr a subfloor; however, there a concerns ehsc thsse produc may adversely effect the r. adhesive and new flocovering. *. -y~-. D. Wet Rmnoval agyll-- and Thole 1. Broad seiff-biaded- wall or floor scrapers, a 4-inch wide blade with handle is reconmended. 2. Ho. 1 sandblasting sand (clean, sharp, course cucclng sand). 3. Terrazzo or low-speed floor machine fleeed wleh a floor place aecaetnene (Clark Assy. 500212-6). 4. Hand-held rubbing scones. 5. Wee/dry eank-eype vacuus cleaner equipped wleh a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) f11ear and mecal floor accaehmene (no brush). 6. Heavy-duty polyethylene begs at least 6 mils thick, cape or ties, and labels. 7. SUp-reslstant shoes or rubber heels. 8. Ground fault circuit incempcar for electrical comecclon of Che HE?A vacuum and any other electrical connections required. 9. Garden sprayer. 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent t*ileh la stated to contain anionic, nonionic, and aaphocerlc surfactants. The detergent should be mixed with water to make a dilute solution (1 oz. of liaiid In one gallon of water). -35- 1. Start In che corner of room farthest from enc ranee door and mots an area of cha adhes approxtaacaly 3'. x 10' w water mixed with Uqdishwashing detergent aid in watting the adhesive). Wet scrape . a sclff-bladed wall floor scraper reoov ridges and any loc adhesives,, until onL' thin smooch film remains 2. Place loosened adhes residues into e hasvy-c impermeable crash bag ocher Inyermeahla cancel and seal with ties, cap* string and label "Cauclc Contains Asbestos, an opening or bracking bag container. Breeth asbestos may cause boc harm. Dispose in approved landfill only.1 3. Wet vaciua standing weo with HEPA wet/dry vacua 4. Continue scape 1 chroug; until entire area Is scraped. 5. Place cutting sand in: container (enough to a an approximate 6` > area), add water mixed liquid detergent (1 oz. the specified deter [See page 33] to one gf of water) to the sen danpen (20 lbs. of sar 1/2 gallon of solution 6. Place sand over a 6' area and wee remove ch 36- existing adhesive residue using c cerrszzo floor machine. Keep send under rubbing scones when operecing che machine. The send end che subfloor dST oe continuously >csob web. 7. occasionally pusn away cutting send from che subfloor with e well or floor scraper to cheek for earpiece removal. 8. Adhesive arcartf che edge of che room and areas chat were missed can be removed with dampened, dean, sharp cueelng sand end a hand held rubbing scone. 9. Wee scrape send into a pile using a selff-bladad floor or wall scraper end place sand and adhesive reslckjs In a haavy-djey lspertnsable container, seal with cits- or cepe end label "Caudon- Contains Aebeecos. Avoid opening or breaking beg or container. Breaching asbestos may cause bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." 10. Rinse ares with desr, clean water using che hand sprayer. _ 11. Wet vacuus standing water with a wac/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter and mecal floor aceachmene (no brush). - - - 12. Continue scape 1 through 8 uncil Che endre room is complect. 13. Allow subfloor Co dry and vacuum up any remaining -37. dirt or sand using a vacuu equipped with a ICPA filter an rascal floor cool (no brush J. UAJKZ2C Electrical bbck Hazard Exist* Use A Cround Fault Cireul Interrupter For Any Electrics Camecdons In A Use Eksfiroanc. II. RWeocoodBSMunbdOendoc*e*"*C*oe"c**edfdarthPQreupeebxeicr or Bmdslon Tile Adhesive A. Trwsaiable Ubderleynenc Cover ehe aAesive reside wit ' Crwelable underLaynmrtc following aenufeecurer recommended eppllcaclc procedures. (Reocnmanded f residential use only). B. Wood Panel Underlaymenc* Normally it will not necessary Co remove che c Cl la when installing n underlaymenc over a sing Laver of die. However, if c die muse be removed, t tackiness of che sdteslve m. be "dried-up" before install! new underlaymmnc. This can done by spreading a layer powder from latex pacchl compound (either type) a vacuuming up the exces Another method is to place layer of asphalt sacurat pattern scribing felt or two layers of newspaper over the tacky adhesive residue * See manufacturers' recamendatioru for approved mderLayment types. -38> befors chs underiaymenc is Installed. If the old adhesive Is not "drisd-up" before che underiaymenc is installed, chare - Is ch posstbtltcy chat a "cracking" sound will b* hoard whan cha new floor Is walkad on, craaelng an vnsaclsfaccorv condition. This occurs because the underiaymenc Is pressed Into the cacky adhesive by fooc traffic, vfcen che pressure Is reLeaseo, cne underiaymenc scleks fflomencarlly and Chen springs from che cacky adhesive, creating a "cracking" noise. C. Removal of Adhesive Coaced Underiaymenc Panels If removal of che existing underiaymenc panels Is necessary follow ehe procedure outlined tnder "Conplece Removal of Thin Wood Underiaymenc Covered with Existing Resilient Flooring" seeps C - M (pages 19 - 21). WMWDC Da Noe Smd, Dry Scrape, Waartilai Mechanically Pulverise Exit Resilient flooring# Backing Or L Pale. These Prtxfcjcta May Cot Asbestos Fibers Thee Are Hoc Re Identifiable. Using ehe Above reeoemended Procedures On Asbei Containing Mscerlal Can Create Asb Dust. The Ixfaalstlan Of Aabeecoe May Cause Aehearnei Or Other Sc Bodily Hem. flgidng Gkeacly Incr The Risk of Serious Bodily Him. (BACK COVER) Issued By .lesilienc Floor Covering Institute 966 Hutgerrord Drive, Suice 123 Rociwille, MD 20850 (301) 340-3580 February 1990 This nubLication replaces prior editions of these wort: practices. Mature editions of these worh practices .*ay be issued to reolace this publication. RFCI-WP-1980 Revised 1987 Revised 1990 APPENDIX 2 Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) -A-22- ) c 2522 390J 9* n Slllt! 0* 990 A/msrenq nvono inauVnM. inc. i A WARNING ASBESTOSCONTAINING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING MATERIALS DO NOT SANO EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE AND SHEET FLOOR ING. BACKING. OR LINING FELT. THESE PROOUCTS MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. AVOID CREATING OUST. INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. AWARNING 1 ASBESTOSCONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC AOHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUT BACK" AOHESIVES, DO NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE DUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BOOILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. NOTICE: Regulations Affecting the.Removal of Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Various government agencies have regulations governing the removal of in-place asbestos-containing material. If you contemplate the removal of a resilient floor covering structure that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should determine whether such regulations apply. THIS EDITION OF THE RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES, F-2622-390J SUPERCEDES ALL OTHERS. ALL PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE NOW OBSOLETE. Important information for installers of resilient floor coverings What You Should Know About Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Vinyi-asbestos tile and asphalt tile contain . -asbestos fibers, as did some asphaltic ''cut back" adhesives and the backings ol man/ sheet vinyl floorings and lining felts. The presence of the asbestos m these products ;s not readily identifiable. Unless absolutely positive Oeyond any douot that the product is a nonasbestos-containmg material, always assume it does contain asbestos. Armstrong's Recommended Work Practices are a defined set of instructions addressed to the task of removing all resilient floor cover ing structures whether or not they contain asbestos. When Armstrong s Recommended Work Practices are followed, resilient floor covering structures that contain (or are assumed to contain) asbestos can be removed in a manner that will comply with the current OSHA Occupational Exposure to Asbestos Standard's Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Numerous products, devices and techniques have been recently introduced and/or 'ecommended far the removal of resilient 'toor covenng structures. Armstrong is omy aote 'c endorse its own Recommended Work P-actices. Before you use any other practice <cr the removal of an in-place resilient floor covering product that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should determine 'f the practice meets all applicable regulations or standards including those of the Occuoational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) tor Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and that the material will be compatible with the new floor covering to be installed. nctuiiimenaeo worn Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings TABLE OF CONTENTS__________________ 1 ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OP EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS - p. 8______________ installing resilient Hoof covering over existing resilient floor covenng ................................... p. 5 Use of embossing leveler........ p. 6 installing resilient floor covering over new unoertayment........... p. 6 2 REMOVAL OR RESILIENT SHEET FLOORING - p. <_________________ Supplies and tools................... p. 6 Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sneet floonng p. 7 Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or penpherally aohereo resilient sheet floonng ..................................... p. 11 a REMOVAL OF RESILIENT TILE p. 13 Supplies and toots................... p. 13 Removal procedure ................. p. 14 4 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL e ADHESIVE - p. 17 Recommendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive ................. Supplies and tools................... Wet-scraping residual adhesive Removal of residual adhesive . p. 17 p. 20 p. 21 p. 21 C COMPLETE REMOVAL OF WOOD Dm UNDERLAYMENT - p. 23 Supplies and toola *................. Underlaymen* removal procedure .................................. p. 23 p. 24 t 1 ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERINGS Removal of the existing resilient floor is me final alternative (see note oelow). Armstrong recommends that whenever possible you leave the existing resilient door covenng m place and go over the top with your new floor. Note: Alternatives to the removal of an existing resilient floor over approved subfloors are(1) Installing directly over a single layer of approved existing resilient floonng. (2) Filling the embossing of the existing resilient floonng with S-188 Embossing Leveler before installation (residential products only). (3) Covenng existing resilient flooring on an approved suspended wood subfloor with a recommended wood unoertayment. Contact your local Armstrong dealer for our recommendations or consult Armstrong's brochure F-S061, "Armstrong Engineered in stallation System." Installing resilient floor covering over existing resilient floor covering When you plan to install a new resilient sheet or tile floor covenng over an existing resilient floor covenng, follow the installation instruc tions published by the manufacturer. Those instructions will tell you what must be done to the existing surface before the new resilient floor covenng can be installed. Remove wax by wet stnppmg only. AWARNiNG NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE.  Use of embossing leveier When you use Armstrong's S-188 Embossing Leveier to fill the embossing of the existing resilient floonng. follow the Armstrong reconv mendations found in brochure F-5061. "Armstrong Engineered Installation System." Installing resilient floor covering over new underlayment When you install a new floor covering over new undertaymenr. follow the Armstrong recommendations found in brochure F-5061, "Armstrong Engineered Installation System." 2 REMOVAL OF RESILIENT SHEET FLOORING A WARNING DO NOT SAND EXISTING RESILIENT TILE AND SHEET FLOORING. BACKING. OR LINING FELT. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and tools 1. Stiffbladed wall or floor scraper. 2. Utility or hook knife. 1 Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum cleaner with aisoasabfe dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush). 4. Hand sprayer or spnnxling can. 6. A liquid 5. Large-size heavy-duty im permeable trash'1 oags (or closed impermeable containers) with ties. tape, or string to tie the bags shut, and tags for labeling. dishwashing detergent wmcn is stated to con tain anionic, nomontc and amphoteric sur factant. Mix this specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent with water to ma*e a dilute solution (16 oz. specified liquid dishwashing 7. Ground fault circuit inter detergent in one gallon of water). rupter for elec trical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required. Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring AWARNINGl NEVER SAND AN EXISTING FLOOR COVERING OR FELT BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. a. Remove any binding stnps or other restric tive moldings from doorways, wails, etc. b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent solution (16 oz. of specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of wate and pour into a hand sprayer or springing can., c. Clean the entire floor with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metai floor tool. d. Make a series of parallel cuts *" to 8" apart through the top layer of the flooring and aoout halfway through the bacKing, parallel to the wail, for me entire tioor. I W^O <UW I RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH THE SPECIFIED LIQUID OISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSLIP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENDED. e. Wear layer removal: One worker starts at the end of the room far thest tram the entrance door and pnes up the comer of the stnp. separating the backing from the wear layer. As the stnp is being removed, another worker sprays a constant mist of the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution into the delammation nip point to minimize any airborne dust particles. When done property, the felt remaining on the floor and on the back of the stnp will be thoroughly wet. Oo only one three-strip area at a time. Stand on the remaining floor cover ing or clean floor (do not stand on the felt). The cut strips should be peeled from the backing by pulling or rolling around a core which will control the stopping angle to create a uniform tension (some resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnppabie and may require wet-scraptng). Tie or tape the removed material securely and place in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container for disposal. f. Remove and dispose of each succeeding stnp <n me aoove manner. Avoid walking on the exposed felt as mucn as possioie. Close fuil bags tigntly, and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asoestos. Avoid Open ing or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Oisoose m an approved landfill only." g. Occasionally, parts of the too layer will suck to me backing. This can often be eliminated by peeling in tne opposite direc tion. The suff-biaoed scraper may aid m me removal or peettng of me wear layer. A WARNING NEVER SANO OR ORY-SCRAFE RESIDUAL FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. h. Wet-scraping residual felt: (1) Thoroughly wet the residual felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Wait a few minutes to allow me specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution to soak into the felt (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the felt) and use me stitf-btaoed scraper to scrape up the wet felt. (3) Rewet the felt if the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution has not completely penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry felt is exposed dunng scraping. Pick up tne scrapings as they are removed from me floor and place m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed im permeable container. Wet-scrape all felt (rom mis floor area before proceeding further. PRECAUTIONS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE CAN CAUSE PERMA NENT DAMAGE TO WOOD UNDERLAYMENTS. IT IS THE INSTALLER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO USE THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION TO PRE- VENT UNDERLAYMENT DAMAGE. A FLOOR THAT HAS BEEN WETSCRAPED MUST BE ALLOWED TO DRY BEFORE INSTALLING ANY NEW RESILIENT FLOORING. (4) When this floor area has been cleaned free of felt, vacuum uo any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool. Position the vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. (5) Repeat the above on the next senes of stops. (6) Repeat this operation until the felt has been removed from the whole floor. Close full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Vbur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (7) When the whole floor has been clean ed free of felt, vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool and let it dry. Position the vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. A WARNING DO NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. (8) After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner oags should be removed according to the manufacturer's instruc tions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bag securely for disposal. (9) When the floor is dry, it is ready to have a new resilient floor covenng install ed. Follow the manufacturer's installation 10 instructions. Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or peripherally adhered resilient sheet flooring a. Remove any binding stnps or other restric tive moldings from doorways, wails, etc. b. Prepare the specified liquid dtshwasnmg detergent solution (16 oz. of the specified li quid dishwashing detergent to one gallon ct water) and pour into a hand sprayer or spnnklmg can. c. Clean the entire floor with me HEPA vacuum cleaner using tne metal floor tool. d. If floonng is unadhered, start at the end of the room farthest from the entrance doorway and cut floonng into stnps about 18" wide for the entire room. One worker removes the cut strips while another worker sprays the specified liquid dishwasnmg detergent solu tion directly into the separation nip point. Oo not stand on the exposed subftoor during the removal process. A CAUTION RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY-, WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAN DING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSLIP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENDED e. Roll the wet stnp tightly and tie or tape securely so it will not unroll. Place it in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container big enough to accom modate several rolls for disposal. Use this method tor nonbonded areas of peripherally adhered floors. To remove bonded areas, follow instructions under "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet floonng." f. Clean the exposed floor with a HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool posi tioned so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. AWARNING DO NOT ORY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. g. Repeat the above, cutting, rolling and disposing of one strip at a time and cleaning the newly exposed area immediately until the entire floor covenng has been removed and the entire floor is vacuumed clean. h. If any residual felt remains stuck to the floor it should be removed by the wet scraping method described in Section (h) of the "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet floonng." AWARNING DO NOT DRY-SCRAPE OR SAND. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. PLACE THE REMOVED FLOOR COVERING IN THE HEAVY-DUTY IMPERMEABLE TRASH BAG OR CLOSED IMPERMEABLE CONTAINER. i. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asoestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Ybur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. ). Alter the undenayment is dry. install the new resilient floor covenng according to me manufacturer's installation instructions. 3.removal of resilient tile | 1A WARNING NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE INSTALLATION. SEE WAR NINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and tools \ Heavy-duty scraper with approximately 4' blade and 6' to 8' handle. > % 2. Hammer. 2 Commercialtype hand-held hot-air blower or a radiant heat source. 4. Large size heavy-duty im permeable trash bags (or closed impermeable containers), with ties, tape or suing to tie the bag shut, and tags for labeling. 5.Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air /HEPA) wettorv vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush).  Removal procedure a. Those areas normally exposed to heavy foot-traffic patterns usually have tiles adhered the .tightest. As a matter of good practice in starting the tile removal, select those sections which recave the least traffic Since tiles are normally in a 9"x9" or I2"x12" dimension, try to remove individual tiles as a complete unit. b. Start the removal by carefully wedging the scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Do not ornate on pieces of tne tile, but continue to force the balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile from the adhesive and the floor. Remove and dispose of eacn tile m tne man ner above. Avoid walking on the exposed adhesive as much as possiote. Close lull bags tightly and seal securely for dispose^. Identify with a laoel stating ``Caution -- con tains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breatning Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Oispose in an approved land fill only." e. Some tiles will release quite easily while others require varying degrees of force. Where the adhesive is spread heavily or the die is bonded tightly, it may prove easier to farce the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by sinking the scraper handle with a hammer, using blows of moderate force wniie maintaining the scraper at a 25 to 30 angle to the floor. A CAUTION WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN USING THIS PROCEDURE. c. When the first tile is removed, place it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in tha heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container which will be used for disposal. Removed tiles can be placed m empty tile canons first and then placed m the heavy-duty impermeable trash bags. To pre vent teanng of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag. place only one full canon of removed tile m a bag. d. With the removal of the first tile, ac cessibility of other tiles is improved. Force Ihe scraper under the exposed edge of another tile, and continue to exert a prying, twisting force to the scraper as it is moved under the tile until the tile releases from the floor. 14 f. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the tiles, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the tiles with a not-air blower or a radiant heat source until me nea' penetrates througn the ule and softens tne adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to avoid injury. Do not use a blowtorch or open flame. Use caution not to bum or char tile. Use adequate ventilation. NOTE: The treatment ot residual ssphsltie "cutback'' adhesive is dependent upon the type of new resilient floor covering material to be installed and the type of subfloor. See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive for Armstrong's recom mendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive. g. If new resilient floor tile is to be installed over a concrete subfloor using an asphaltic adhesive, the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive must be left so that no ridges or puddles are evident and what remains is a thin, smooth film. This can be accomplished by wet-scraping the residual adhesive. NOTE: See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive, for Warning and Supplies and loots. Wet-scraping residual adhesive: (1) Start in the comer of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon ot water) to aid in wetting the adhesive. Wetscrape with a stiff-bladed wail or floor scraper removing ndges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty imoermeabte trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or string and label "Caution-- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum cleaner. (4) Continue steps (1) through (3) until what remains of the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is a thin, smooth film. h. Clean the entire door with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal door tool to remove debns before applying new asonainc adhesive or installing new resilient floor tile. i. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating--'Caution--contains asoestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only." Close ano seal the trash bags securely for disposal. 4 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL ADHESIVE A WARNING ASBESTOS CONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" AOHESIVE. SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK'' AOHESIVES, 00 NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE OUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS OUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOS1S OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BOOtLY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. Recommendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is dependent upon the type of new resilient floor covenng matenal to be installed and the type ot subftoor. Armstrong s recom mendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive are shown m the following chart. J | ffw MaCarm Ta 1 * MstaMad J Amum/m floor to* j io 0* >nnit4 00. I S49 or S*90 | cuioacx Mflmvt. Residual Aspnaitic Concnt* Subfloor flWbWl of R--nauaf fcBmwi Altamaum lo Ramovaf Randuat mum mutt ba waiacnoaa to tnat no nogat or puaoi** am amdan ana wnat tt- main* m a mm. tmootn film. So* waf-acraomg of t--total aanasim. Apicaiton'fe* a c*m*n. imou* ano*nflvmoi mai is soorovsd oy in* uno*n*ym*n manuuc* iut*f to* as* ov*r f**ou*i sspnaifte cuto*at" *cn**iv*' I Armstrong Siao I Uuiw Til* or 1 Armstrong Rubbar I til* 10 0* intfAMd I using S-2IS I Agnnr* or I Armstrong SOT I b* mstauao using I S-202 Aonaaim. Enougn of in* rasmuaf aonaaim muff d* '*momo to mac tOH of in* ongmaf tuoatrai* of in* omraa ana >a *ipoaao. Suofloor muti o* oorouf wn*n unng S-202 Adftaaim. S* ramomt of maouaf aanasim. Appdcttion of * c*m*ff. tfliOut und*fl*ym*ni in*l I aoerovM Oy in* ano*rt*ym*m mtnufac* (ur*r lor us* ovtr r**iu*i uonsmc "cutMat" on*siv*.* I flMiMnt floor lit* I 10 o* mauwad uaI mg an aonaaim I orn*r man S-S9 or I S-90 cutback J aonaaim. S-202 I aonaaim or S-2IS 1 Aonaaim. Ranouat aonaaim mua b* wat-acrapao ao mat no nag*a or puoaiaa an moan ano wnat nmama i* a nun. amoom film Sa* watacracmg of raamuai aanasim. AopMcauon of * c*m*<v mious une*n*ym*nt m*i is aopro*a oy m* manufacturer tor us* ov*r rmouai asenauic ''cuioacs' *an**v** I imam#* or amor 1 nnri-oacK*a xn**t I flooring. tOOH of m* natouaf aonaaim muai M ramomd from in* ana io o* comma. S** ramovai of rwiduai aonaaim. Application of a camantiuoua unoaflaymant mat . a aopromo Pa tn* unoanaymant maiwtaetear lor uaa omr raaiouai aaonaHic "cuioaca" aonaaim' FtA-oackad snaat I flooring. Enougn of tn* nwduai aonaaim muai o* mmomo to tnac Wfl* of in* original auoafrai* of in* omraa ana *poa*a. S** r*mo.af of naiOuai aonaaim Application of a camanliuoua unoartayman mat it aopromo Oy tn* unoanaymant manuiactumr lor uaa omr rtaiduaf aaonamc "cut back" aonaa/m* "Cutback" Adhesive Wood Undarlavmarrt Subfloor nflNVP Of B**wuai Adhasfv* Armstrong oo*a not racommand n* us* of a eutoaek aonaaim omr *ooo uno*riaym*m aubfloor. Alitmtrim 10 Ramoval Armstrong OCM not meomment in* ua* of a cuioac* aoncaim omr mood uno*nymnf xuonoi Comotm nmomi of Mood Unoanaymant. Sa* Comow* R*momi of Wood unoartayman Unoar Ending til*. Compiai* mmonf ol WoM Unoanayman. S*a Compm* Ramomi o1 Mgod unoanayman Unoar Eiiacmg til* Comptaw mmomi ol Wood Unaanayman. Sa* Comom* n*movai ol Wooo unoanayman Undar Existing To*. Comonr* n*moml ol Wood Unoanayman. Sa* Comoiaw Ramomi of wood unoanayman Undar Existing Til*. Comnng ntxlual aaonamc "cui Bacx" adMsrm on an aoorov*o wood aubfloor wnn a 'ccomm*no*d WOOO unort*ym*m * VVh*n installing mu np* wood unMflaymant. i*o or potv*tnyi*n. snatnng may ba eiaeao omr in* naiOuai aonaaim to onmni t craemng or tacity sound n*n waiting on m* floor. Comnng rtsdual aaonaHic cutback" aonmim or. an aeoroma wood aubfloor wait t ncornmanoad wooo uno*naym*nt Whan mauifing mu n*w wood unoanayman. f*nt or ocry*ini*n anaanng may b* oiscad m*r m* naiOuai aaruaim io pnrnm a cracking or laetty sound wn*n wkmg on tna floor. Comnng rwouaf asonsitic 'cutback" adhaaim on in aooromd wood suofloor wnn a ncommanoad wood una*rtaym*nt * Whan installing mu naw wood unoanayman. (an or poty*myi*n* tnaanng may b* dacao omr tn* rmduH aonaaim io onrmni a cracking or tacky sound n*n walking on m* floor. Comnng rajkJukl uonamc :uibaek'' aonasN* on an aooromd wood aubfloor wim a rtcommanoao wood unoanaymant * Whan matamng mu naw wood unoanayman. l*tl or ootyainyune ahaatmg may ba oiacad ovr in* rasmue aonaaim to orwmm a cracking or tacky wound wnn waiktng on in* floor. ' ai rrxryjm imo oariarmane* pnnwt concamng unoanym*'i <** tv *n in* u/vj*rt*ym*n mutiMnr m nor in* raawara floor comrng t manuiaowar hCTt: For 'urm*r <na*amn r*eommc*tion contort A/malong 1 erocnur* F 5061, Ai mailing Eny*r0 intUMDon Sm*m ' 18 - f~ ducts usually employ solvents which leave a residue within the subfloor that can advarsaly affect tna now adhesive or floor covering. The warranties provided by the manufacturers of the new floor covering matenais wilt not cover instances where existing subfloor condi tions damage their products or affect its in stallation. The use of asbestos eneapsulants or bridging matenais over asphaltic adhesive is not recommended as those products may affect the bonding properties of the new adhesive. The application of asphaltic adhesives, as an installation medium, has been demonstrated to be an effective cover for the existing residual adhesive. The encepsuiant use of the new adhesive must, however, be consis tent with other installation recommendations. Supplies and tools 1. Stiff-Waded wall or floor scraper. 2. No. 1 sandblasting sand (clean, sharp, coarse cutting send) 3. Terrazzo or a low speed floor machine fit ted with a floor plate. (Clark Assembly No. 500212-6) 4. Hand held rubbing stones. 5. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wetforv vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush). 6. Large-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or closed impermeable containers) with ties, tape, or string to tie the bags shut, and tags for labeling. 7. Slip-resistant shoes or rubber boots. (L Ground fault circuit interrupter for electrical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other electncai connections required. 9. Hand sprayer or sprinkling can. 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain aruoruc, nonionic and am photeric surfactant Mbc this specified liquid dishwashing detergent with water to make a dilute solution (i oz. of the soecified liautd dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water). Wet-scraping residual adhesive a. Start in the comer of the room farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area of the adhesive approximately 3' x 10' with ' water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (to aid in wetting the adhesive). Wet-scrape with a stiff-Waded wait or floor scraoer removing ndges and any loose adhesive. b. Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seal with ties, tape or string and label "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to >bur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." c Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum cleaner. d. Continue steps a through c until entire area is wet-scraped. Removal of residual adhesive a. Place cutting send into a container, add water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing defergent to one gallon o< water) to the sand to dampen. Approximately 20 lbs. of sand to 1/2 gallon of water should provide a workable slurry tor a 6' x 6' area. b. Start in comer of the room farthest from the entrance door. Place sand slurry on the residual adhesive over a 6' x 6' area and remove the existing adhesive using a terrazzo floor machine. Keep sand under rubbing stones when operating the machine. The sand and the subfloor must be continuously kept wet. A WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT IN TERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET EN VIRONMENT. c. Occasionally push away cutting sand from the subfloor with a wall or floor scrapar to check tor complete removal. d. Adhesive around the edge of the room and area that were, missed can be removed with dampened, dean, sharp, cutting sand and ground off with a rubbing stone. e. Wet-scrape sand into a pile using a stiffbfaded floor or wall scraper and place sand and adhesive residue in a heavy-duty im permeable container and seal with ties or tape, and label "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." f. Rinse area with dean water using a hand sprayer or spnnkling can. g. Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum deaner. h. Continue steps a through g until the entire room is complete. I. Allow subfloor to dry and vacuum with a HEPA vacuum deanec ). After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose m an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. B COMPLETE REMOVAL OF WOOO 3i UNDERLAYMENT Complete Removal of Wood Undertayment Under Existing Sheet Flooring Definitions a. Wood Subfloor A subfloor is selected tor structural purposes and is the substrate for the undertayment. b. Wood Undertayment This is (he smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. c. Wood Subfloor Undertayment Combina tion This is the type of construction that must meet the structural requirements as well as have a suitable surface to receive the resilient floor covering. Suppliaa & tools 1. Chisel 2. Hammer or mallet U -! , 3. Short and long handled pry bars 4. Heavy gloves 5. Utility or hook knife -- id fi. Sliff-btaded wall or floor scraper 7. large-size heavy-duty impermeable trasn bags (or closed impermeable container) with ties. tape, or string to tie the bag shut and tags for labeling 8. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air U (HEPA) wet/drv vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bags and metal floor tool (rc brush) $ 9. Hand sprayer or sprinkling can 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic nonmonic and amphotenc surfactant. Mix this specified tiauid dishwashing detergent with water to make a dilute solution (16 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of wate a a. o-imi pmyatnyiana snaetmg /J j 12. Duct tip* tj*5 /jj IX Ground fault orcuit interrupter for elecmeat connection of the HERA vacuum and any other electncaJ connections required. Removal of sheet flooring at underiayment joints a. Remove any binding steps or other restncttva moldings from doorways, wails, etc. b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution (16 or of specified liquid dishwasning detergent to one gallon of water) and pour into a hand sprayer or sprtnkiing can. c. Clean the entire floor with tha HEPA vacuum deaner using tha metal floor tod. d. Starting at the doorway or a floor ventila tion vent, locate a joint in an underiayment board. e. Malta a senes of parallel cuts 4' to 6' wide centered over the undertayment Joint, througn the top layer of the ftoonng and about halfway through the backing. Continue mis procedure for ail underiayment joints over the entire floor. A CAUTION ` RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION, IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OP PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORK ING IS RECOMMENDED. f. One worker starts at the end of the room farthest from the entrance and pnes up the comer of a stnp, separating the backing from the wear layer. As the stnp is being removed, another worker sprays e constant mist of the specified liquid dahwmshmg detergent solu tion into the deiaminabon nip point to minimize any airborne dust particles. When dona property, the fed remaining on the floor and on the back of tha stnp will be thoroughly wet. Stand on the remaining floor covering or dean floor (do not stand on the felt). The cut strips should be peeled from the backing by pulling or rolling around a core which will control the stnpptng angle to create a uniform tension (some resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnppaote and may require wet-scraptng). Tie or tape the removed material securely and place m the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container tor disposal. g. Remove and dispose of each succeeding stnp in the above manner.. Avoid walking on the exposed felt as much as oossibie. Close fuN bags ttghtfy, and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating: "Cau tion -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to 'four Health. Dispose m an ap proved landfill only." h. Occasionally, parts of the top layer will stick to the backing. This can often be eliminated by peeling in the opposite direc tion. The Stiff-Waded scraper may aid. in the removal or peeling of the wear layer. i. WSt-scraping residual felt: (1) Throughly wet the residual felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion. Wbit a few minutes to allow the specified liquid tishwashing detergent solu tion to soak into the felt. (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not the felt) and use the stifl-bladed scraper to scrape up the wet felt. (3) Rewet the felt if the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution has not com pletely penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry felt is sxposed during scraping. Pick up the scrapings as they are removed from the floor and place m a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container. Wetscrape all the felt from this 4* to 8' stnp before proceeding to remove the next stnp. (4) When this 4* to 8" stnp has been cleaned free of felt, vacuum uo any din using the HEPA vacuum deaner with the metal VW< tWWI. rusjuon tne vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being, cleaned. (3) Repeat steps (i) - (4) on the next strip. (6) Repeat this operation until the felt has been removed from the 4' to 8" stnps over all the underteyment joints. Close full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal, identify witn a label stating; "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con* tainer. Breathing Asbestos is hazardous to Msur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Removal of wood underteyment boards a. After all felt has been wet-scraped from the underteyment joints, drive a cruse!, using a hammer or mallet, between the underlaymem board and the subfloor. Use the chisel to pry up the underteyment enough to insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bars to pry up the underlayment board a little at a time untd the board is competety loose and can be removed. b. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the underteyment board. The underteyment board should be removed in one piece. If the undertaymem board breaks, cut through the resilient flooring at the break and spray any exposed felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Allow me specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion to penetrate for a few minutes, then con tinue lifting the broken undertaymem. c Wear heavy gloves and be careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the undertaymem. Each underlayment board (or piece of board) should be removed from the work area as soon as it has been pned up to awwd injuries (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protruding from removed board should be flattened with a hammer. Place removed undertaymem boards on skids witn the nails panting downward. Wrap skid with Bmi polyethylene plastic sheeting and secure with duct tape. Identify with a label stating; "Caution -- contains 26 asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking < tainer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardou Ybur Health. Oispose m an approved I. only." r d. After each panel has been removea out any naris or fasteners still in the su Oispose of these and any other nails o fasteners which have been removed bu still laying in the work area. e. A chisel is not needed to start (he re of boards after the first board has been removed. Simpty work the pry bar undei exposed edge of the next board. f. When removal of the undertaymem un .the existing floor is complete, thoroughly check the exposed subfloor. Renail loose areas and reset any "popped" nails or fasteners. g. Vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum deaner with the metal floor tool, ft. After vacuuming, used HEPA Alters anc cleaner bags should be removed accorom to the manufacturer's instructions and plac in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bat) wi a label stating "Caution--contains asbesto Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Yaur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill oni Close and seal the trash bag securely for disposal. L After the wood subfloor is completely dry install the new undertaymem and/or floor covering according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Complete Removal of Wood Underteyment Under Existing Tiie Definitions a. Wood Subfloor A subfloor is selected `c structural purposes and is the substrate tor the underteyment b. Wood Undertaymem - This is the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resifle floor covering. c. Wood Subfloor Undertaymem Combination This is the type of construction that must uimn in* structural requirements as wan as haw* a suitable surface to r*c*iv tna resilient floor covering... SuppUM & tools 1. Chisel 2. Hammer or mallet 3. Short and long handled pry bars 4. Heavy gloves 5. Utility or hook knife 6. La/ge-size haavyduty impermeable trash bags (or closed impermeable container) with ties, tape, or string to tie the bag shut and tags for labeling 7. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) wetfdry vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bags and metal floor tool (no brush) t. 6-mil polyethylene sheeting 9. Commercial-type hand-held hot air blower or a radiant heat source 10. Ouct tape Remove! of tils st underteyment joints a. Remove any binding strips or other restric tive moldings from doorways, waits, eta b. Starting at the doorway or a floor' ventila tion vent locate a joint in an underteyment board. a Start the removal of the tile at the underiayment joint by carefully wedging the scraper in the seam at two adjoining dies and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floot Do not break off pieces of the tile, but continue to. force the balance of tne tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerting both a forward pressura and a twisting action of tha blade to promote release of the tile from the adhesive and the floor. Continue to remove Die in this manner at all underiay ment joints until ai board joints are exposed. d. When the first tile is removed, place it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in tne heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container which will be used for disposal. Removed tiles can be placed m empty tile cartons first and then placed in tne heavy-duty impermeable trasn bags. To pre vent tearing of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag, place only one full carton o( removed tile m a bag. e. With the removal ot the first tile, accessibility of the other tiles is improved. Force the scraper under the exposed edge of another Die. and continue to exert a prying, Nesting force to the scraper as it is moved under the Die untd the Die releases from the 'underteyment. Remove and dispose of each (tie in the manner above. Avoid walking on the exposed adhesive as much as possible. Close full bags bghtly and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stabng: "Cau tion -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to \bur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." f. Some tiles wifl release quite easily while others require varying degrees of force. Where the adhesive is spread heavily or the tile is bonded ughtly, it may prove easier to force the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by sinking the scraper handle with a hammer; using blows of moderate force while maintaining tha scraper at a 25* to 30* angle to the flooc g. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the tiles, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the Diet wnh a hot-air Waver or a radiant heat source until the heat penetrates through the Die and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to avoid injury. Do not use a blowtorch or open flame. Use caution not to bum or char the tile. Uae adequate ventilation. .'JbN/ 30 Removal of wood undartaymant boards a. Altar aM tha Mas have baan removed from tha undartaymant joints drive a ehisat. using a hammer or a matfat between tha underlay-., mant board and tha subfloor. Usa tha ehisat to pry up tha undartaymant anough to insart a pry bar and remove tha ehisat. Slowly and carefutty usa pry bars to pry up tha undartay mant board a fittla at a tima until tha board is eompiatsty toosa and can ba ramovad. b. Caution must ba usad to avoid braaKing tha undartaymant board. Tha undartaymant beard should ba ramovad in one piece. If tha undartaymant board breaks, hast and cut tha tile at tha break, then continue to remove broken undartaymant e. Wear heavy gloves and be careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the underteyment. Each underlaymant board (or piece of board) should ba removed from the work area as soon as it has been pried up to avoid injuries (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protruding from removed board should ba flattened with a hammer. Place removed underteyment boards on skids with the risks pointing downward. Wfap skid with 8-ml pofyethyiane plastic sheeting and secure with duct tape. Identify with a label stating: "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Cootamer Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landffll only." d. After each board has been removed. puU out any naiis or fasteners sett in the subfloor. Oispose of these and any other nails or fasteners which have been removed but are still laying in tha work area. a. A chisel is not needed to start tha removal of boards after tha first board has bean removed. Simply work the pry bar under the exposed edge of the next board. f. When removal of the underteyment under the existing floor is complete, thoroughly cheek the exposed aubfloot RtnaM loose areas and reset any "popped" naits or fasteners. g. VScuum up any dirt in tha area using tha HERA vacuum cleaner with me metal floor toot. h. After vacuuming, usad HEPA filters and ctaanar bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and pieced in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Cauoon't-contame asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Close and seal tha trash bags securely for disposal. 1. Altar tha floor is completely dry, install the new underteyment and/br floor covering according to the manufacturer's installation instructions.