Document VGqvnrenXBbeK9er9De4bemXg

. . ^ '........ `-' In 1 .1 i l M il rr-**-iiTir fTiftiWf2'- fo****^'- -- -J^*w~-'' -i~~ ^!l~'J - -- **-' ------- -> -- iSigu Vjfr1) LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 4JO LJDUNOTON AVCMUC NEW VOMC IT. H. V. February 2, 1956 SUBJECT! LEAD CHAPTER K-r: 'it c oax.ntrnr o f INDUSTRIAL HATPUXLS" To Xaibera of the Load Industries Assoc1stloot Attached please find a reprint of the chapter on lead that appears In the Just published book entitled "Economic Geography of Industrial Kateriala" edited by Prof. Albert 3. Carlson, Department of Geography, Dartmouth College, Hanover, M.H. The book was published by the Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 430 Park Avenue, New fork 22, N.T., and is avallabla at I12.50 par copy. A limited nunfcer of reprint* were Bade available to us at no cost and at long aa the supply lasts, extra copies can be furnished aeebars upon request. Sincerely yours. Secretary .)ii>.MWeusiiw " w ma  - las&asigiwte;^ LIA22937 - w. & 13. LEAD Robert L Ziegfeld and David M. Bordna l^od InSudri* Aaaoctof**, New Varfc, N. IT. J The impuflMtxr *4 kwd to tIo mmomy azide, lead auap* for grraara, lead in aleel, and well-being U tlie ]ample of the world w lead alloy * for atamping and leaded frit* for exemplified hr its rlexr s**<*`iali<*i with porrelainizing aluminum, lead molda and liner item* of cummerw that rontrilHite to lead compound stabilizer* for pUatira, and a uali<i'a standard of living. Fnr example, lead counterweight* in aircraft are just a few lead b* vital to all our nuslerr nMHw> <4 rapid <4 the recent application* that are making tran*pi*1ati<m airplane, aultmotale, rail* a derided impression on modem lining. rtuJ ami *hip; it i* cwaiitial to imk*n Modem researrh ha* lnwdeiied the appli* metlnal* of communication and ckvtriral ration of old or ewtahlUhed use* *4 kwd and power tn(Mnii<i, and to the iw *4 X*raya ia rurrmtlv finding new u*c* for it. partknt* and radium; it play* a vital rule in tlx* de- laHy the hundred* of kwd r<anpound* that vel<n>me!it iimI utilizstnai id at*nir energy; it a jmrt <4 the finot plumbing. (*ie *4 the greatest enutriUttHNi* to the ciaufurl and are known lajt not yet nanmerrially mwd. Tlie I'nitcd States waa fortunate m hating avaitaldr within ita own lamina all *4 the sanitation <d m(*k*ni hem**. and it make* piwiltlr tla* ceorMankw! production (4 many kwd needed for its growjug eroiwany during I Ik * map* portion vi the present industrial <4 industry'* must usrful rltrtnkwls and their age. However, with the alvrnt rf World derivatives. War If, when tlie demand increased leyunj These varying u*r* drpet*i mil upon a single (m^iefly *c <-ltnrmrtenelie 14 lead I ait the capacity i4 ita own mine* and the avail* ability i4 scrap the I'nitid Stair* had to U|*i many different |m^*rtir*. It i* era* obtain kwd tajtsidc ita own liordrrw. Since plum! in miv iiLLaiHTT primarily for ita weight nr tleuMtv, in other* limm#*1 <4 ita Wiaid War If, consumption has rrwrhcd unprecedented heights and there i* every reclame to mrneem. <r its Miftitn# and maun to Irlint that the peewit level will mmiUnlaiily, e it* alality to alloy readily li? maintained and piwilily inrrrifcd in the with rrrtain other met ala to rhange nr forewel4e future. m<Iify ita properties. lewd |wrtimiUrly unusual among the metal* in that a third t4 Table i:i-1 provide* *tati*iaU data on the lead industry in tlie Vnited State* for the all the trad ruuMimed i* the result <4 the prrkd IK23 to date. pnjirflira nf ita rhemiral nanpound*, many o( which like white kwd, red lead, litharge ami tetraethyl kwd are \4 itumetiM* indua* Th* I'nited State* i* and haa teui for a great many year* the pnnei|ia! kwd pro* during count ry of the w urid, now accounting trial importance. br'JOtoij percent 14 the world output. The A* old aa lead in, many t4 Ha trwirr im|>or* acrum|iaiiying map r4 the t'niied Stain taut application* are drvrlupmntt* i4 the lurmtrs the primary smelter* and rrfinrrie* twentieth century. Tetraethyl kwd, kwd and major mining diet rid* (Figure bVl). tu r ; ," '* / * ^ N 2023.01  - im*- [mw h p i w LIA22938 alii .V---H*,'* J 255 Ti i.k II I. (Niriti Ht*Tr. I.k a h PwiiMvno'i, |wi**r*. Connimoii *** Pw , Itf23 1934 |v l i mv * (la Kiuwl Tu m) IVw ( r1*li** r--r* |)afU M<*r Pi alii tMO^ rnu~ )Mo 1aau' Ikn mI lam- 1 UMn **-- ' ; * um T*Uf T--1 u4 lapMl tai--ii4 1923 1936 1927 1 92* 1929 9 02 AM Ml) rj6.au K 42 AM ,1111 277,31U *.7* AAS.SU 276. 6 31 627.210 jns.on 6 Kl 64H.1IU 3I1.UU 44.SU 7n.su ' 7,ou 3NJ1U 7M.su 1t.SU *n,n tlH.su 2.SU 23,900 12N.su 7UU 31,SU K3.HU j ,-5" 122.HU 147.011 161. HU 134. HU 116.1U0 1,1133.400 1,1 <*.*11 !.Ha.au l.au.sn . 1.073.100 , k 4A.SU au.ou MO.fiS) 2SI.SU 972,300 HU.SU 71.90 I23.SO II6.SU 73.300 tvsi |H3| 1932 vxa I'd 5 32 UA.3U 23S.al 4.24 KM. 60) 234. TlU 3.1* 2ia.au 19*. HU 3 *7 272.701 224.SU 3 N6 2*7.KU 3*.HU 39,401 3>.<MU 2I.OU 6,011 10,OU 3H.SU 32. SO U.SD . I,SO 2.SU Tm.200 33.200 34.SU tiu 7.7*0 su 13,KU MI2.SD AH2.SU 325. WO SH.90I 309.SU ?>. 367,7H0 4ic.no 449.SU 4H.SU il.no 23.SU 22.*u *.U- i*i 1*06 HOT IW l*oi 4 07 ill. 1(11 270.401 4 71 172. HOI 262.01) 6 HI 44M.au 273. HU 4 74 317*.nil 224.au 3 < 414. 24I.SU 30,OU 211.700 34, HU 43, HU SI.MU 1.00 Sll | Mil ts.su 4H.OU ; J.lnn 2. S ft.ilU 2.00 3. HU 24.UU 23.SO Kl.au 62.nu h 3.HU 623.SU 63M.KU ' Tmi.mo S57.SU 7KI.SU siN.an 633.330 C*.nio SM.no 667.au T.aoIH.SU3D, HU 3.9U74.KU- ?**HI 1*41 1942 l`43 1**44 5 ?N 437. KW ft 79 4*1. KU 4* 496.JU 6 Sr 451.SU 6 sr iia .o ii ;*u.s 397. HU 123.OU 3I2.HU XXI. n Ill.SU N2.MU 79, Hu 70.00 91.SO fV.MO 1S1.SU 24,701 274.201 42,011 36A.SU 4,611 214.011 SI 222.au >r.s IXI ,|||| 4WI.MII 3In .SU 316.460 l.aU.SU 1,339.an l.SU.OU 1.iu.au 1.1164.760 7x2.nao 1.049.au t.aun.un l.liu.an l,au.au 49.100* 11. KU5.MUll.SU13.SU- |*43 Sr T.n.oti 363.011 7n.au 227.SU r7.su 1,Ii41.su 1.iun.au t.au- . t**46 a 11* 443,So J9J.MU 44.su I2S IIS.Su NXN.22S nu 1947 14 7 3M.JU 312.oil SI.an t.su ISi.Sil 211 .OU |,H*.HO 1.172.an t.su i 1**1* is 04 Tu.SU Su loi 63,au |949 13 36 HI* .Hill 112.2i lll7.SU 7.20) 217. lot 11*.30 1 .Sr*.at) 1.17i.au* 2. HO 27S.SU 3H4.0U 1.Si7.ini NAN,(III* KU l.lio 4 |*0-l 1.1 .HI ih i.mii is.'.Hil 7H.SU S.SII 44l.au 321. mi. l.4T4.00 t .211 .an* 2.ao 1*0*1 17 S* faiJO* ilN.IOI 67.SU 2.Sll 179.Ou 24H.MII 1.131,100 t, tit .an* t.su Ih V! 10 47' T**.3U 47I.HU HM.SU HU 3111.701 cis.nu 1.477.SU l. im.au* t .an Io U 1.1 r*` .U3. HU 433.011 IOI.OU OU 3n 3.Hu 346.011 1.317.SU 1.13i.au* MU l*54 li nS II'I.OW (Sl.llll I6I.SU Kl 276.SU 437 .MU 1,236.au 1,(iTM.au* su ' K*fi***nm0 4*V Vtmtmf Jumrm^l. * I'. H Humm *d Mim- ' iVfMfliwvit af Oaiawtr#. 4 .Wrvaa B*inM W Mrtil Mali(ir. * (Vtfm* |*nrr <f C ill rrtil* |rf |h mmh I f*l|i44lmi Jm. 13, 1942, ioffrw^J la H 23 r^a( |rr ptMi*4 Juw 3. 1946. aIni W*jaindWxl \\#v. 12, l**M. KwHuftr* V. fi. pmaiiua pa>*H*fU * mil* * Cpiliiti jfirr |?IU mil * |rr |mnd Jir 36, 1931, im n*l ( I- IW 2. I'CI. and tirtulhitM Frt*. II, |HU. IVm mh tfcrlittir |n| *bif*f^d la lla I*. H. (w>mfwl Mnrkjak, ` tfcif* oi mrlti4p iMkufamirfi, $~M'Cr; Uad loiiatrin .WurUlUa. it Ii |f |h m44 4 ; ' , i ; t' I- P i 7.3 Ti.-.i." wyiifMJiqiUJiwijjiig^jrF^^ U*^MjwpqffWMHgr .t irUj|^^Anj|lji|ljUii.L IMppM^y^igPUlLgf'p- mlllU'JIl.,mip| LlA2293q ->' * -ftrnifi'rf " t ficnn* 11 I IVinur* U-xi |r\jdurtH>ti an* in ibr I'niteU -uyVB* i t-V** iCuunn) I.*-al lnjulrir .Vamm-u iIh w i i Srr f*rin* fwfr f * li vl raitiitm liat licit. o ' v gJWP -vWWP^iTq^tij.yigywg-a^i W^PMW*i> .\ mmmmsgjmiMM iijuiuwppn 'u i- i * i. ' 'pp: 29^0 \_uz i*TaatfffMw*i.lfi1 am n| fim m m m m rnm m w m m 2 57 \nmoa t'alifomU (VAnra*!* IJJm (Hi mm Kmw i Rmfurk.r Miwiun Mo u Iu m NVvnda NVt Mnira Vm Vm* <U,lahiM-- luh Virginia W&Afeincton WlWHMtM* PaiM*ar Lk a iWimux Anti* in m l`*tT* Stinm INMhrt CM*tr| CimIIw , llinluv '; Warren tHWmr) <h Piau t <HJ Hal , H<it Hu< ,4 Heating Spring* rv Omm d Crwdf 1, Anim*a IWrr (Riro) tt t.'pfirr Ran Mi|l KoHTeia M TaairW * LmdW0r it KHCIM m Warm Springs P Bar Hon, n D'Aha ja i pprr Mi--ianippi \ al(r> m Kml'Kkv ami ftwibeni Mimas * Tri **taie Arm a Kcniurlv and Swutkrai Mima* a Tri Stair Arm JC Ktaibfwipm MnaNiri Arr* M Kalla M ||*HJe*Um Kg*e * Halite Muuataia X i5orke ft Central A MfUWm m M Tri Slate Arm m llptur at ItUli Villrjr m Hiniliia m I'ari <*tv Wt Tiatir m Acntiarillf X Hu w In mi Met aiine a t'pfirr Miaiia{Hii Valtry* Santa Cnu Ctrkiie IW l*iaal Varapal Ib v b Ian Miami Han Juan Duiorea Han MiruaJ Ounr Gunniaon UU Kacto BlaiM CMrf Hlnuliuna \urtbrm |*aft of rtiU Hardm Oarfukm Chttmdm 1? munlin in mullivrSrti pari of atatr H*Mitl*raatrrB Mumouri Silrrf Haw Lpn A (lark Ha^dm l.audrf linrala Grant Soont o Si . larmM iHtava Toad* Toorlo Halt Ub Summit, WaaatrA Juab, I'tali WytW Sinrma Pmd Orriltr Ufitrtl#, |o*i, Grant i* ihe largr*t inui pruiiriiif lulr in I 1m* I'liimt, rumiitly frtlltmrtj Irt' ( tain, I'tnh. Odw*l". Mmifaua, WiuJtiriff* <<h uni 4 tklnlHimii. b*u4 niinr priajuiiiim m<m i^mninulrty (n nftwr Min< a<JU ( tbr yearly ttal a mu In * (nmi Tahir I**. {.mtl i*r laalim %4 nfnmrrt'Ul \nlur irt-ur in in vtiiw *mj. iC Imlra hv In* w'lut h x m* at all dtfHfm. i^ai*a in jErtiHv hJAd laijii *4 Iimi4uir, tlitkattilr, rhrfl, mini- p|(r air tvptfWtj Irt* Irad dejMniU in wiuth- rtKtmi MiwxAjri. Kxnmplen *4 m*jvivr rr^ fiUrifrr'ut lirptfeju. iwuJly it* limcxiiair w d<4tm1r ami leettrtimUy related u 4eim*iu * activity, arr im *4 l<r-du!lr, Cnbimdo; liiitjcham, 1'lah; mine. liriti*H r<dum)*i*;( VmxJr Panro, lVni;aml J)n4r Hill, Australia. l)i|>|>niK. talular lr|M*it* in (hr f*cm i4 nfilanindtl Imlm arr l>y dept nit* *4 I hr (*a*ir d'Atair ditrirt, tdu.Su, and P.k Oty. Ctah. 11m* great nd lead-punlm iug dimrirt in ^BLIjPUI^jpW^L * - * > ' ~ - ' wmmwp - l U22,`'1 ijaaflSM.i~i iiffr rimtiflii w i 251 KOMOWC CfOOtATHT Of NOW*THAI MATtftUU Tnu 13 2. M*m I'iw mik t io s or Itci'm fca*aL* Uu ik t mk I'n it iu iHia t k * t Kk o io %* * Hrtra*' ` tin fthtirt Tin i tgt-- Mr m* i " KM 1 "" mu IBM IBM L fill / Ik* i/iMiut^pr; 1i lilima* Kentucky 474 1 M* i * toi ! 132 1 t.&M * 3.00ft i 2,72V ft 2,624 76 N** York Tfimrm t ;l 1 t.vTl 43ft , K.3S7 .4,tJ 1 373 H62 1.4M 1,16ft 34 113 ft Yirioaia ! 7,17V ' l l > 2.2K& t.iu 3.234 I.!* WicoMia 1 2.KWI l.7 * 4U 1.77ft 332 1.210 Total N'it( (Valra/ 8tmtr: Afiovu Ka w Mi*a*Mjri Oklahoma TmaJ ! 4,074 I W.233 !n 1 -i S3 , IS.(ill 12.010 , 3*.447 1W.U7 7ft. 4K? 23.U32 1 ! 302.03 233.447 3.KM ! 7.144 3ft 10. *1? 97.4*1 23.403 tt M.B27 172.032 21.240 131,K2ft VIS.Z74 M.oaa l 7,370 17ft.373 12.044 IVft.ftlfl B.lTft ft.90ft 1 V: _ . taT 3.333 134,426 123.063 3.r24 12.MW 164.M4 140.027 N'rrlr'a Sloitt: Ariiuna (`lifurnia ('JttOHlo Mibo M<mtaoa NrraiJa \r Mrtira 1 Ingt* S<Nil b Ibkola Tr\u t'l.k Washing! * Wvtaniag I 10.>| 4.14ft U.ftSS 123. .na 27.(1* lO.VTft a.w -- -- 31 I6C.M4 2. *tf - 1.24ft 1.7*4 22.130 134 .(*> 10.433 11,320 10.37ft S -- !9ft U3.4H3 37ft ~ 7.7>3 367 3.673 TV.lCn 13.3K4 12.676 7.S 3D 4 322 4I.3K* 103 3 13.294 1.772 11.476 KM.ft34 23.0* 7.4t!t 3. 2 33 7 a* 7*,6v 2.333 - 22.ft67 7.224 17.044 6ft.447 v.ww ft.273 7,662 1 -- -- gl.ftt? 3.*12 3 3t.M is.ftsi 27.(1C IHI.03 19.617 9.* 4,139 17 -- 12V 44.731 10.334 ft.VOO 2.33(1 17.700 ft.62ft 14.73ft 3.410 k To 4 41.?u d 10.010 ; Total 376.(W2 311.04ft HC.7** 244. IHS lM, 132 237,634 irn.330 .IU-U aw 1,343 am 77V 11 149 - (mad Tutal 6M.AM 33ft,313 331.1U3 437.3U2 aun.ini 430.K27 31H,9ftft * 1 It. Hurra* <4 Miaro the rnitrd Stiln in in wiullKiMmi Mi^airt in iht* vicinity *4 the limine Ti*t v ami Flat Ilivrr. IWwitrd in 1720 ami prc'duH ivr fciiuv 1MO. I hi.' area i currently prmlucing around liio.UIO t<nu annually. Hundred* d artv* arr underlain hy flat, lying orr Imdie* uniiriii| mainly in the llciinr Tmr lim**' Mmir *4 ('aralrian aft*. Hr *r In pJn d lir alum* a depth *4 tXXI (mi ami air uniuual *iir, averaging 10 to l.*i feel in thickne**, 3X1 to #11 ftrl in width and 1,000 ftrl or morr in lni|ili. TV only ini|niriant *r mim*ral in galena, whirh orrum Hi du^> wtniiu^lnJ grain* ami larger rrywtaU. (H Vr mineral* im-lndc mafea*ite, pyrilr, rhalrv. pvritr, and nlritf. TV orr, carrying J to 32* per mil Wad, in ra*i!v and rrfHninUty minrd. IV drgxfritfl lir almo*t htriimitally within a fa hundred /eri id thr Airfare. TV ('latir dWIene dmtrirt in mr1 Vrn Idaho in t V h t ik k I Urgprl had-prmluring irta iii tV Cuited Stair*. Mining luw Irm lartird in i *inrr |KH4 with inn o ,IXK),1K)0 Itm* *4 Inul |imIimo 1. TV di*trirt ia in ! 1 ^ LIA229A2 i--~-`jfirta liAO 259 9 li highly foklcd pre-Cambrian cpuulfite*, dale*, and wmir impure lirrk'ptotH** which acre inlnidiil liy Crrtai^wiif mmiKimittr mawn. Mazier fault* i-bvi* tin* area and ^rtutll fault* ami *lwtir ioncw wdjaivnt to <h? loon1 faults ha ve Ih v ii Uthd ami replaced to fym llw on* vein*. |>i***TmMatd grain* ami i/a-M** 4 galena ami *kleritr, *jhaleritc, pyrite, and rhahxipyHle, nanpriM* the tire Ih iIic * which i*arry 3 to 12 per mil load plu* ilverand line. 31k * principal wairrr *4 Cututdiatt load i* tin* gieat Sullivan mine at Kimlierlry, Brit-. i*h Cidumbi*. Ore mineral* averaging 10 per rent lead and 4-1 per cent xinr and emi tting (4 *ilver*liearing ptkirn, ajdtalrrite, amt pyrite occur in a mn**ivr orr lady Mane i.OIII fm*t long ami up to 270 feet aide in a tone *4 tilted prv-Caml>ri*n *rdimeit1*. Other pnductivc loud tkp'wil* in North Aimfica include the r*pla*rmcnt hle* 4 Bingham, Ctah; the prolific and ln^ldid linH'Ktotie rqiliuxtw'Hli' *4 Pari City, t't,,h; ll*r muwiw limesimw* nfiUmmatita *4 (,j-ad\ die, Odorado; ami tin* anilide rqdacr- imnl iit abend tuff* at tl*c Hudum* mine it. Newfoundland, ami (Ik * hi*<l-'ilvT-^*fe in tlie *tal** *4 Clnlmnhua. ZnraU'r**, and San lni* Potiei in Australia ran La mw *h I to tlie Chiti-d Slate* in a irld hie! production a it li <|*f**it* 4 II to 17 jwr i-ot lead in tla* fwnwd llrttk^i Hill, iti New Saith Walm, ami 7J to 0 |>rr on! Iniil at Ml. I*a ami 1aU tlciirje. IV rliH-f huil ppiliN ing di*(rrt4 Kup^a* ii in ViiK^lavii. ItalyV nu*l im- jtoriaiii <l4'f**>it* are mi tin* Ulaml *4 Sar dinia I`i S|win, at me* time tin* world load ing |*r*a{tt< er *4 lead. tin* chh4 rn*t in llw l.iuar>C*n*liua in tin1 Sierra M<niia. T1e Tni*a and Stantrg mine*, averaging M.7 |pf rent hud, are im|*iant ilcpiMit* III Yugoslavia. *0**' Uawdwin mine in Burma lime l'ill a large pnalucrr. T*e Man h fc iew ire in giwng tat etm- tantlv. Item*! dUtiNifii* inelwle w\vral new mine* in Mi"**iri atal iti Itlaho where item tar t*dir* have U**n dwinitnl ami im portant rxlcu*ino* *4 old tate* delineated. l/ead. a* a by-pfiduct <4 new tine mine*, will mid to the *n|>(>)y. New n>**rvr* tn thia nwmtry n* licing athled etM*h year at a rate that will replace or even exreed the lead annually extracted at |mx*tit. Ktw example, in I1M7 liearing* U-fore the SulwtwnmiUre on ln\T*tigati<ai *4 Natural Ut'etainx'* of the Snate Committer ar*|htldir fjtmU arre iMthlidied. In tl>e*r Itearing* repre*entati\Ta td tin* Chittxj State* llunau of Mine*and the Vniteil State* (teologind <tirvey estimated rm\*emlk* leatl txaitained in rr*crvr* iti the gnaiml at i Imr ii ti/jfU.tlKl t<wu in ltU4, if aNait tiftrm tina* the average 1935-44 rate d pruductHai. llowexer. hi the report *4 the President'* Material* IVdiry ComhLvHin, lajUlijdHxJ in 1H52, reuTvra are e*th nuted at about 7,(KKl,000 tiata in UCiO, or alwatl Kixteen time* 1HVI prilurt*. Thre e*limatel n**erve* were Mncwhat higher m ItL**t tluui in 1U44 iie*p(r the fart that nearly ^`fKl.UKI tmrn d ln*l had lieeti mined fnan Coin'd State* mine* in thr mtervcfitftg *ix yian Itoth ni**rt* admit that the ligurr* are minima. It not p-tHTally |ra<iaid for a mining r**ii|muy In M k out it* rrM-rxe* fir more tlum a h*w year* ab*d <4 it* mining g*rra- Ih h i* f<r roMutnii' reaM*p. The imu I Jrar- liiv i* to try t< f;ml eiiiaigh reem* t re- |4are i Im* ammihl r\trlx| thntgh tut ih'XelotMiketit work. Furtl**rm<irr, tla* value if n'Ji-ni* rliaiuce frm lir.w to time* with riunr*1 in enanmir ami te+m4<firil nai- dltHNM. FW examplr, a large I'nnue in ih-mat*l may |M*rmit tlr mining *4 eotc-ider- able ammint* <4 Jo* -gr^le on*. Tht*d<*** not `luiuge tie* am<aiiit *4 rm-ial intent aetiully in the gniuml lut n**n*)y a hat may lieprxdit- al4v under av gi\*rti art 4 mv tMniir oNiditMri*. A1m im|foxed IrrhiHfip' may adil targe anwaiiil* if <e to eitlier ihrmigh latter rrrtixt-ry <* lowering a. torltl Imd Mine PrwfwrttMi The total world lead mine product km i* ih w exceeding the level* reached in HOT ami and there U every rewi*m to expert : gnewj .,i. ! u.iA)' n p a w o m w i i i i w m H i u ni iM i* w i e i ! i i p p p w iiwi ^wt LIA22943 260 (COMOMC CtCCKAfHT Of t40V*T*Ul MATHUU that thr rumiil level* id |nliirli*i wilt iunlituM* to im\ with |inr1 t4 tin* Mi|>ply naning fnan nr* n**mtv F*tf example, A'1.1. u liih for nnav lliati Hll.(KX) Iih i' a yi*r |Hvwar. is how pnalueiiift tr*#> itiah lO.fklt ton* a year. Oil the oilier lumd. pnlu<tHio (nau Afrva lias grown fnan *li|ilitl\ ll.imii 7*,l11M tais h i ll*-to nun* than Jts.dk) lia* in Ili-M I*r*lu-fu n i in North An4*rvn lias tlo lionl a||ro\imaW*ly III |'f mil mrf tla* |m-- and j*twar vn*r* wtub* Saith Anarva sh<rw<<d material tin* lit t1*e Viltv (MTVal. \ nanplHr ummarv *4 w<a-kl Inal prt>* dtntnm i gi\rn in Tal4e Hr known rakl n-**rviw *4 IiimI nai- taitad in on* Iu im* lam otimaWd oai thr lauo* *4 I hr m*Hv l!tV4 wield nianante *iti- liiai at .VMHM11) tui*, or apfemimatrly JA to .10 time* annual naisiimptMai. 11k * ii(|m4s for iiHiraMil |>niiii(iHai in nuinv *4 tla* wiaHd w i^Mimi*tir. In ('aia<U, an inmwM* in pisalm-twai may lie ei|m*frd in a n*ult *4 arvrral urs titiiMw having linn ofirtMil and thr dlMiivcry *4 at IniM two mtindy mi' zine-lead diMntla. liKm.id paaluelion mil also Ic expected Miiin* and htu. 11m* latt<T will iorntic its smelter iH'ialtnlHMt tii. Important addi- tiais an* tin* n|iplte expn-ird from Mo> ninn, Saithwesl Africa and KaM Africa. Australian jMidni'tHai, Umi| ai trwnia, will inT*iM* by Jll |p t mit. Tlr Inind Siahw and Knn^a* wilt main* tain ami i;rnxn** pn>*nt 1 tamale I Kit their (HTn'iitago wield is ci|nicd to dcrlinr. (ionou ni pt on #f |#ad To uiHterMand the industrial pNuliilitira id h-wd wror knowkdge *4 its mistily u mv ia imi'Mwr)'. Its arr mi Imad tlihaiglnNtt all iiMlimlr)' tliat a rrvirw rmn- tmt Imja* to In* mfnpWir, Ult It will la* Irlp* ful. Wr would Mill la* cranking our autr>* noddle* and Using gaslight* on them wi*rr k. fc.V C '& J WM!i{i)i iii1w \ I .njiim iy ii^ p jj.p,ii p i i j iu p i in u f iw i n w i^ ) ).p i ' / 35X5*. ^pPfPiPi! LIA229A4 '--^'^jr-jr.^r.o'-^-----*r-- mv _Jyi UAO 261 Immtrt 1 itm| Mlatr* ( tiiMtla \ < (Mitnltait<l Mr\Hi* TtkLk |3 3 WIU* U IhMMU-TKiir4 tt t |U1 m* ; H* , tfM ttfC.&ai 127.ot 4 XO.XII iVi.m Idi.Jdl 31.311 JKS.XU X1t.HH lOn.Xft 39.510 I2.?HU 3t.:3; JOt.437 3I.M33 311.233 XU.KII : 173.497 27,901 . .-33.t*73 , 4*1. a; > 314.U4 1A3.4H7 | 21#.2-0 302.433 : 234,7*3 T*lal North Al.irnra WM.nil i.affl.xit 742.XU 1*22.294 m|m,|OJ m^.w s t 777.030 H>Jma 41*lr IW* *..V| ! l.TUt* i 3.311 13.311 7*1 51. MW 2, wit 10.701 ltd 31.HU 33.123 14,37m 1.01* c3.ua 30.501 10.4*1 n 39,134 23. xn 34.394 3.437 71.334 t*.7aa 50.nu* 2.3IU 119,*22 Th 1 S**oh Amrhra Vn-tna Kflctunr (ir-rto^lovalia 1 in UmI Ifatirr < 1 iIXTf l 1' ! 1`o UimI U>nMa >(**' M* !-* 1 tnir*l Kni(<l<i \ <i|i>Uvu ** h#*r 13.311 4.dll T2..mi 2. Mil 22. OH 77.701 3.*n 27,oil Xi. |tu 1S2.XU 3,.*ai 12.101 UO 39.I>H 9,*4(1 3.WII X 11.wit 7.Xu % JUI 33.011 ll.Til* l.lfft I2I.IIO ft.Nil 2*.wi 25. Wit i.OHl 3.XU 11*3.TUI a 4.201 3Wt 3.Ml *3,101 3..VH 27.301 4.701 3.3oi 73.01* 9.wit ft.30* 71 .oil 4.XU M3 3.311 mi. *31 4.319 43.341 3.M3 ft. 231 33.1*3 n.xa 33.312 Mi. 349 Mt.WS Ui.onr 172.113 I.XEf I.I9 no 3.34** 77l 2.77% 7.7ot i.nc S.m33 22.133 1.JM - l.uM 1 137 12.113 49.333 2.343 42.230 20.011 41.731 24.M2 3.>t| M.KC 3.422 * 2M2 11,4* 74.4*1 4.131 30.1444 24.00 39.*77 33.434 7.X* *2.733 T(ai h>ima Oiii.a. irw-iu'linft IIm*c Kik i-niia K<trra. HrjnilJic of Tqrhrr 4l4.t xss.un atv.yo 413.XC 32.MU *. |l 3,9 3.71*1 S.IO : -- 4.(lit Itt 7. wit K| .(III I. MU M.XII 2.011 4.U*l - ***.712 17.71ft U.oit ll.ort 4.1*3 77.44* 294.433 333,473 107 12 12.722 -- :-- 114 7.1*1 2.210 M2 12.011 44 - 999 1,974 22,(03 Xu 2.U! 1 T<*l A-ia Cl .MO KK.UU 1M.OII I.TMII Hi.344 13.7*1 3M.M44 IV-l^tn Ctaifa lr IU|*o.twiaJ Afrin |> \Ji^rra \ Kkulma 1* K Afhra Umnm m>r A/fir* , *. * I.Tui XI. XU I3.wi * .XXI 139 4, I.1HI 3,1171 **.*44 I*.** J0.M3J H.IQ2 xa M* 1.311 12.2(3 1.WJ3 7.031 " 1.434 Mitt 33.717 13.327 29. wC Xt.Tut - 11,21* 3. *33 Ml.M|* 13.MU 41.3* JLI.X* L T*t*J Afrir* ^ Ik.Tut | 30. HU 7.7l 74.IK* 23.334 123, W 21M.3*3 f i W J^ f W^ . *. .. .. .. : l I^229A5 --CM TillX II X f*--itimmd IV* NM *a m* Awtrmlk Hu--ii Tool iftS.aw i lii.un .21*1 h i , *i;.aw 174.771 wi.wi ; an.** l.lHJ ' V.fllll KI.MK) 7A,t*W 14.W I33.TO j 22*.300 -,l.OW.Min I.TiO.KVI I.*0.2*1 I.W9.KH ' 1.340 CZ3 1.7KJ.3QU 3.M0.W3 Kurtf Amrnru Hurrau d Mrtal Matirtin. I'hktMrtta. * Imlu'led oiili (imunt * Inrlu'M in (Hkrr Afrin. 4 I'nulwrlh m ImIu 4t <I i Iw Ic iu m and (imufli. * I'haiurtHia a* la*r ttrlciunriu IW3 priMi|u!ly it n amt | iMr alUwot* mrltrr rrrripU t*i paunt of Hrlatium ki* m --if-- h m it--*W. ' IKirn amt itM-lud** *rr rtjNWlrd (a Katruftroo ratunlnr*. pnanpatli Hd^Mi ood (irmuy. * Ittrlmled with <HKrr Kiinju. * Mt^r v(U IfaJ |mdurinc daK'ricia aaad/or arruu: VmiUA Sl*Ui Knulbraatm Miuaiuri rw 4'Alr--. Idalua Writ MmiImn . ( tail Tri mitr, KaMM, S. W. Mi--uri aid OUa> Suauait Valtrr, Montana Hart Otr, t'tak rpl*t !** Miforl, CaU. IVirW. Nnwia ('alilumia, r4o. Tiatar. Ctak MHali--, T4. i'mmndm Kind--Hjr .V# r/ mAlmmd lUrkaM Vfltcm Oilakaa Zarat^aa Saa I-- Hot-- 42mrbwala t -J-- AriiUr < ialionoota IluaM-kan Tupaaa t-a (jdara t**>m fVmi dr paWO llu-M-- Vulraa Alarnrii i'rrrrnpm^mm fdfwjitn .Ul/fM Kmttk HN--| rfimU alw I'riliraa rro-- Atadr Tam Zrttadjft Madrit Norlkrm KImMa : Htdaa Hal H. W. Afrira: T- HI & & r> "s' LIA 22946 ./'jrainrrtSwiS Y- l'irii(rrirlMrtMdafaa^v ItAD 243 Ta l * 1.1 4. W<iku> I.nu Po u ix ^t h i* t\k ('^iw w p t u ix JV46 fSJ - --- ; * 1*47 (la Hlxrt Too*) I 77 l t*a j i*m | m* , rw rwj Mi t*u I'nm.n wt,W 1,430,311) 1,417.20 V 7J4.U0 t.STA.Mil I,KOI, #Bl.fMK.fW 3.U|.JX 2. 133.000 Sr*~: ; i. j ] I.: ArrttmUr>anrhir 671,(10 iC4,^|) { 664a3nu! 673,3lt j 7S4.7IW [ K,6flO 434.30 644.30 Tt*l t**lt*e 2.HU.61) 3.Ml.WO 2.27X.30 2,M0,3O J.6&4.IH> 2.6&7.0 2,?,l(0 3.776.30 -4 2.1W.JU0 2.132.700 l.ftH.lOH 2.132.7(0 3.100.HJ0 (2.20.10) 3.172,7(0 | 2.611,30 .\|>|Mrrn( -- #7,71)0 ffM Iff ir* 1 3,20 1 117,toil O.3U0 MH.XD M,XI 1 ICH.000 IV^rr |Mvi)4r, *rn|i iinffrw^ ( priman iw'lfti ku lr* dHurird a*d i* amKinted (mr i" lb* n-iMtiUrt |ir<aj<*rti<a lifun*. * |nrtuk~* W' (\ min***! Ind a* aril oa *crap lead co***tr<L L IA22947 364 tCOHOMK GfOGtASHT Of HOOSTtlA*. MATftUU MM* it4*W with*d U33S I>WH --' I I w*w, r Fipiff 13 4. Diagram *4 nurlnr rrvitif aH*i*g lead ihifMii ttfrMwan to pfrvrnl radutka |o m ainl t |ir.lrr1 (wr-sun-l fn<tn gamma ray pni*Mung. it not for I Ik * peculiar elertmehemical prt^i* 'Tilt's id kwl and ill* *ixkit* utilized in Mmp* Imtlrrie*. Tlie same type id ItottiTv pn^ir!* Mitimorinrs iiih W water. lights ami nirMtHnlilimm railway ran*, is uss| in tele* |4mh h ' 'imm(inH*atHNit |nvide* emergency power in utility plants, pmrn industrial tru<l* uml mine ha'omntiws, lights mim*r^' lant|ts, b ih ! now even provides tlie |awer for p<**ket fla-hlights ami hearing aids. The ettrneinn rcMMuiH-c and flexiltility < kxtd ai't'ounts f**r its iippli4*atio(i as slk'alhiug for powiT ami tekplHMiC i*alle regardless td alwiher it is iimx I uislergnsiiKl. umhT water or strung *ai polo*. A Kamkiw lead sheath extnskd anxind the insulated enoducino* prevents tlie etitrailer id moisture. K*iui|>mt*ut ami pipelines made id nr lined with lead, which h>UU the liery attark sulfurie aeal and otikT nimniw, make p<au siUe the lower cost pnduel too <f many *d today's eitcmieml wondera. The density <tf lead Mipfdint the necessary Imllistk' proper ties to small arms ammunition. lend azide, a rtHTnind *nmi**und, lun* Urxime a stand* ard d4*t*sutor expkisive Uw ammunition, had is found as an uikiying element in Immzes and UaMfitts and a the principal ingredient of bad-lanc licaring alloys and in serf! s*4drn*. Tlie density and atomic weight id lend make it the m<**t efficient material to efTmnm4*aJly eonfitir tlie X*rsy and gamma rav. Tetraethyl lead in High ortanc gasoline lias ta*en a major factor in making pt*w*il4e the trcmeikhaj* power id isir aiqdatie and autnolHle engine*. |{cd lead point is a slandard protection fnr mod* mi steel struriurv* 1^ all kinds; white lead is one U the latsic |Miint pigments used in the pMtolkm aisl haiililsalMi td our himes. NfiahTit plumbing am! eteetriral tnsUlla* tintm, |<i which h*ad rsoitriUites so much. Have nuele pnmtl4t' the advances in lajild* itig e4instnkiH4i td rrniit pam. THr plasiira Uklustry makes extensive use id metallic lead mold*. The largest single use for lead in tlie Cnited State* is in tlie manufacture id lead* -*  265 *h I Mt'cag*' Iwtlrri*^. In rrcrtil xrmr* rtnf* arr Imttrnra ha\T arrtwiutril f* alnvwt a tliinl d all th<` taul I'tHiMintml. In IlkVl atni I't-M, lhr Inifi in (hr manu/arltirr *4 frlrarthxl fluid for cnxdiitr waa mt mk J lancr1. a IrniK hciil liv ihr nljf iinluMry whirl) U the third Ur-jemt rwtwaimcr in tbr ('itilcd Stair*. Tai-a 12 3. Ck or I.eta it rat (`titu Ht *t m (la Hburl To mi Mhilr |rd l(r<J b*d and lil bargr* >l i*ra*r l<a(lrrKO Cl4r miTnai HuiMiac* TrtraHkvl Vmmuailtaa r.*i Ik jfin* lariml >*4.irr Torarit) I'ilViai w brr ra lii.nn u mih 1MI.IIII IS*.nil *X.n*l 31.SB 12.300 31 .mil 33.1*11 I3.l**l .HI.lift M.N two i t*o ta.ym >0.00 32.(Ill 47.su 1S3.IIII I7S.ii*) 3*.Ill) .>.* 47.IU) 22.mi IS.no 23.310 29.90 36.110 IS.Mii 9).urn I3.IMI 27.1*11 to.nti 1.(*D . IS.un 21.no 12.uo 71.HO 4S.no 1*0 4l.SU sx.ni) 231.90 MC.no 6J.HO 49.VO 34,(00 23.SO 14 nit 24.no I4.MII 19.90 41.710 41.(00 49.90 2sS,nn KC.no 49.110 7S,no 43.dll IS,(VO 42,(10 47.no 2S.no 3S.9II 132. MO It! 34.no 1 7S.no i1 no.mo < 134.MO 1 41.SO : 111.MO ! 32.MO j 3.90 32.MO Ml. Mo 3c. 910 (0.90 134.MO tw*4 19.00 34.MO 110.WO 133,MO so.no 140.400 29.HD 4,QUO 9D. SO SB.400 to. too <2.710 143. MO ^ Th iI *34.SO 7.(VO kb.mi 7)C.o l.ion.tio 1,211.QUO j 1.07*.000 > frr. American Harraa Mf(l m>lfe<ir* * Inrl^lo MiiMtaul Ind. ` HvriuMiT fur anfafp Haiti IM a. ' ||r, brrt tixl ninrw. tarlvtln Vad h H ia rtmwral rmi'InKtmL 4 Aa>*nt < H brr u*'** arr I^mJ fur Irau aukiac. rU|al4r lair*. Vad |it*r*f |<p*. aad alirr at- tiiarr*. Irad Iradnl h>iU, railaat ri|u|otrnt. bi|4wiildia|(. "tl*. vukrft, aright* sad lIU, rmrt tag* -urlr> l*-rri|t ** nxi aiuAiiiin uH ia ibr aaiiaialalf itxlii<n . >d fur i In aw al IrfialtKl*. ihrlti<iin| iBWlKi'k**, f<ffrd pi|f>i iila. rtMrr aua^artua, rtr , all thr*r lna( ntk- ( at*l annual cn l|u rm. ibr r\t inalr "I H brr l*m" ia tbr lUirfslr i* Ur|i' `lii tlilfrmar ** I'fJuMi inrlu<|n| i mirr or bo Irad tkat ai|kl la* dltnlaitrd wadrr mo m1 ibr brad* M< akatr, litrl^W ia `iMkff aw." Tiu 13 4. Uia C%m m<*\ tr nu I'tirn <la Stwwi Taal m twa <'!dr Ilillrft tr\rludin* vidr> *'vflr. u mI wnpwind*: Itatim *Hbf ttm TrrHbtl Irad V kilr lrd .*hrr1 aad (ipr lauauaitiw* l*al ibd wjla|ail4r lahra SOdrr \lb.t. V(i*frlUaww art M.90 3U.7IO 23.90 33.90 22.90 *1.9*1 10.90 a.*** Ml.TO 9.MO 13. vm I9.SO 9.400 32.MO 9.90 3.90 22.mu 93.*o 4.90 2.9n II.SO I4.VB If.MO aa M.sn 3U.MII 9.40 34. * 4.no 2i.no MV,MO 4.010 4.MO 14.90 17.no I9.SO tu 94.10? 33.SOD 11. HO XI. TOO 17.100 13.too 1ft .QUO 5.400 S.ino 14.000 14.900 24.0 to Tatal 39.no P * la'b*b'd ailb (Kidrt aad Cia>pia>6 r Of brr Cm. * TV Hniak Harrow a# N I'rrnaa Mrlal 2*1. MB 347,SO 373,400 Cl 1 4J4 * MLWI1>UI WIMEf ' itr '""S' r. IlllSiU UAff up d -.*5 a w i u i u iJ i t n i iB iif iii m ij i h h , |h h h w n |) iii i i i m i) ^ n W .j af * ta j u j ip,. w i itm i' i u m in i i u i. j .% ^`s^yi^jgjyyyjWflicay rrTWf|ii|pi,i|ip^ijill^-1 .wggff^ luwgjyijigHBU l IA229A9 ** idMak^aaityi Irftddf fcHrrt 1 26* KONOMiC GOOOtAfttT or MOUttBAl MATItUU liMi VI A >tn|delr nummary *4 lead ruunumptHm in iltr Tuilid State* f**r 1U.VI mim! f<r every (tfifi year inre l!t. in given in Tahir TWi. 71k * difference in the euttMimpIkm pattern uf |}k * 1'nited Statin mid the* I'nitnl King* d**fl "himn in T14e bl-4l ran Ir explained by the numlirr vi automobile* in each of tin* two (HNintrirp, approximately .VVIOO.UMI motor vehiele* in thr 1`nitrd State* a n ugHinat -1,(1 >0,000 in tlr t'niled Kingdtn. Ta b ic 13 7 l.uu fii\nim<t w in k Wo e (In Short T**i Ciilfd Stair* Canada Mexic* Argent iaa Bruit Other .tai rifi U23.<w 1.211.no |.07*.IID A2.mii S4.7UH An.HO 7,tit) lo.oru 12.MO 23.WU 3h.*) 2K.70U 31.IRO 21 .MU 21.2m 4,(111 f.inn 3.0OU Total I.4M4.7IU t.315. mu l.sn.nw America , Austria Hripiia C|rrb<lwViLu lkiunad Iniifr (irrmuiT Italv Nexhrrtand* Buland SfwlN Saolra f* illfftiad Taitrd Kincd*aa Yua*-la*ia tnhrr fant* Total I'urupr iS.tuu to.tin kill Vl.TtU lk.HU It.till 13.IHI I2.nn 04.1*0 32.MO 23.3U 133.u j iii 14.410 ra.ato lo.tui 33.tin 37.2n 12. tin 63. HU 110,MU 4*,Hw >.no an.nu 21 .mu 31.00 2t.au JKT.jrfO k.|U 23.wn 19.20 49.20 27.20 11.00 lOs.TOU IK3.20 33.MO n.nu 24.0UD >.no 37,20 17.30 273,(10 *.20 23.no vil.in i.ns.no imUm J|iaa labrf A>a 4,311 *t.3u 3. Hu 17.im 27.HU l. an 14.7(0 3t .nu 3.30 Import* ami Exports IIk * major portion / the lead moving through internal imal trade rhannrU in in thr form of refined pig lend. Fju*h pig a'righ* from 00 to 110 pound* depending on thr produring refinery. Significant tpiantitie* of load ore, mattf and roiHt*tit rate?* arr moved to rounln*^ with emelting and refining furilitir*. However, wr ran expert thin ttrial to diminUh an industrialization pngntmn of thr producing count rim, now shipping aizaldr tonnagi* *4 ore* and rotM'CUtrate*, expand to include T*ut 131. Kk id lahiiT* ax m Kimai* it Pu\nr*L Coi NTaia* <ln Sherri Tim <4 Pip and Kara ^ t*M nu Tailed Stale* Canada Belgium lletimark Knarr I ii >m*nv Italy Nr-thrriamt* Vnraar Sweden SaiUertaml Tailed Kmc'fcmi /a*fa*rta 310.7111 330 21.311 12.-AU 3.5.30 :.3 !.: 23.30 v.:in T.VU tO.MKI IM .MU 3k 3. Hu 230 24 .nu 13.Ml 44.UU S.MIt 10,7(11 t.2o H.3II 14.MU 12.311 211.30 27A.JBI 13* 24. m.311 34,JO A3.30 14,7(0 4V*0 |tl,Mil I3.no I7.au SI .30 T.*t*l A*ia 99. Mil 47.00 OK. MO refnrted Vfrira U^nfu ami No ZmUad *- 3.110 3u.no 32.mu lo.no 34.90 m.no "l 1 %.90 2>.3 Total IM.JU K.wo 29N.MO tlfaad total I.K74.JU I.UI.Tnn 2,All .20 IVn r v : Ameryeaa Hurtta mi MHii NtliMir* * larladn hu(li primary ami renadary lr4 Uii dart m( im-lvde (inwnaifnl rturkpliii|. Kxp^ls Tailed Stale* Canada Belgium Drnnurt Fraare OfEMT Italy Netherfaud* S* iiaeriaad Na hhiiimB Alt*! ralta 1.700 129.710 7.MU A.90 34.7(0 J.4ID S.ATO MU 12.2(0 13i.nu MU HC.wo 34.7(0 4.MO 12.20 41.20 33 3.240 123 I3.KU 106,20 no IIA.EO 33.30 7.4to is.no 34.AU Mj X.MO Ml I3.no IT*.9**1 Soar**: American Bureau ai Metal Statistic* - i ' *. A* if ( UMO' M PJH 1 iJfgVHUUi'UH mmm LTA 22950 -*> .*-**Hg -- ' trTriTTiinifciiniBiiii'rt'iriMi . . * 267 i their nan ^molting am! refining ofunit too*. Prir to llHO, in>|HKln attd rxjmrU erf the (*nifxl State* Men* approximately in !!* h ik v . With the advmit trf World War II. fmarver, the Tinted State* Uvamr the largest imptTting r<untry in the work! aith tin- Uiik trf it* impttfi* Mining fr*n Mexico, ('anaU. Central and Suth Amrrira. Other major wipplicr* are Australia. Yugt*lavta h imI Africa (Tal4e 13-8). Tlx* movement trf k**d orra and runerntratt> through international track* channel* i-difficult to determine. It dor* appear, how* ever, that Belgium, France, Netherlands ami (lemutny, tin laide trf tbr Tinted Stain*, an* l|r leading imjmrter* of till-* rt<wn<dity, aith the l*ulk erf their upply et*umg fn*n Africa and South Amrrrt ^Productivity The* UMial norm'* <rf indi^tr} -ilr pnlur* Ii\ify utilised iit manufacturing imJu>trir* raimot U* a|>plied to the routing imlu^try a* a a hole ta^-aunc no tao mining arr rvrf alike. Productivity trf individual ^urutiiriu* rati trf rujr*r t* iwtrtirwi in varum* way*, among the-e arc: nrr mimd jier unit <rf lal*\ rermefalde na tal per unit trf UImc tar mined j u t dollar trf la!*c o**t, nvim ml metal per ton trf ore. rated horw|Hiucr per unit <rf lahr. ami rated Imiw |Mmrr |*t unit trf nvtiHalilr rortal. Tl#r I*. S. Bureau trf Mima in it* "Ma n-rial'* Survey-la-ad** |mUUItd in May, IlCil, *tatid? "Tliecfiert trf thr deptc-whai mi llir Tniled StaM> lead a in J siir industry aa* to hirer lltr diut-duaii trf marginal tjtrrutM** and t*rrig alMM<( a *>Harp curtailment erf pnalor* tH4i \* nrgatiixatime* tluit remain**! arlixe. To Mi*lam t^trratiiNi* in thr (arr rf mwi- ieply lm m~1l |>nrr*. it am* nrtx**eary to mine higlnT-grade ncr. Ilnur (hr iialrt trf roi*\rml4r Iratl ami line |a*r tai miiml in* frtm 124.1 in I'.rJH Iti a high trf m IH32, thr imr trf loarwt nmlMiitti lewd ami <h n * fmaluHitui Mint 11*12. iVr durtfi ifv in lermxtrft :e mined |*r titan-hour domed a Mrady inrtrawr frtau *7 4 in l!2ti to 74.2 in UQJ. but w m dightly lower m P.Ct2 than in 1H31 linnu*e trf hravy require ment* fur irfandby and maintenance. Aa pnaiurtion and employment gradually in* mMxl urnier lIk * atimulua trf higher pricca, orr*mining rffirimey inerraerd o\*er the prritid fnmi lirjlf to l!M|( ahrri the index rrarlird 107.7. Pari trf thi* impnn'rmmt m attriUitalrfe tu intprined prartirm and in* mmil mrrhanizatitai, oprriaily itt under* grtmnd drilling and hauling. "The index trf rero\-**nille lead and une piT maii-htmr after a {teak nf 120.8 in 1933 devlined tol*M in 1037 and a a#* 1*8.3 in PM1. Thi* a a* Imaiglit aUait, in *pite trf generally improved ore-mining Hftcimry, by a aharp tin line in tin* tuv-tmtir index (rtan Ha 1U32 prak rf IfiOH to prr-World War II kwra of 1C1A in 11C17 aiul HI.2 in 1H4I. "During Word War II thr high rate trf tlt-maml he leatl ami tiiir a v met liy utilUing Uarr-grade ntm under the inrentive trf tin* Premium iVite Plan, lienee, the orefetHT index drelintd during thh prritid. By rcjMNi <rf laUg dioclage* and gentTally ptMirer UIh ^ quality, merh**iuatinrt aaa *timulated. lait ehoriagta in et|ui{>meiit pre* ventid full u*e trf thi* mtan* trf gaining UIh j T Hh imr)*, atnl it aa* tally liy lrav>' rurlath romt trf dt*vrlt^inw*tii work that tm-*mitiing t-ff* m*ih `V a a* maintaimd at a rtamaudrfy steady level. <`ti*''|Umtly, llir indrx trf n*-f>efahle leml and <ine |rf man-htair naiglily {taraUfkil the tn*-tn:<r indrx. "Ity tlw end trf Wtirid War II inlnuiitr mining, rioiplrd ailh 'Tt*oaton trf drvxdt^s mntt aork, had Aplrtol many drptwtta. Stnmg rtitiMimtT tlrauoH) aer<n|ianted liy high na*ta! prin* in IH4<; jirrmittetl the rots tinutd utilisation trf loa-gradr ore*. Iit ntnlitiMia acre lew (avttrmirfe during 1H47 (hrtaigh IH4H alien it laearor nretxtanr to bone luglirr grade ore* to trfTxri hto\*y de* \ek^<mrii| nnln, intt*mi|itHMt* dtar tnetrikra, and Meatliiv tmainting a age nraWa. Kveo aith greatly aeci*lt*mteti meelumiratWin, the ore-muting UUr itulex hr hHH aa* unly 7^2. ami the muvrmMe metal lal*r indrx a KVI, ahile tlie tre teiHr imlrx had l h r? f t 1 * :: ' W*' v-. v- l 11 4 i \ 4 1 3 ! i 1 i ; i j 1 - -- ;" '^ : V" ^ U1A22951 - imli gMi&ftgaaff* frrr -.siaetf^fta 3 M KOMOMIC OCOOMfMT O f M O UtlBM MATNUU Taauc IM |yr*T* m I.m ivn tus Vatra* Ktn at (Ntnmia* (la Htwwi Tmm <M ( TwU} (` nxU Mriw* (iuilmuta tinJiria rviwPrm Kt felvxfc* H#v4trw Hrlffiuia | IfWUfi t*nur* (Wmafet iWrt' Sfiua \ ui*Una Alcrfia Kr. Uoifr<* I'HIfr^l KinH1*1 | ()( tj S* Mnri Au>< r>lia J|<a |1*tti(9aw (*lUf (\wir*r* mt j mt 1 hN aw m4 M*w * Mia fW Imi j n.w: 2.4*7 ; 4.721 M l*,473 3.1a: >.iW 123 13ft ; M im.ftii |V*.*7l Cft I3,ll I l l i u 1 .7*4 m Ul ft.142 2.747 ft.ana ; < ; *; ! r.c* A.*02 i il.WT I.M 4.21ft * . *C,aai ?. >4 21 Twl 110.4M aui.aft* 4.UC |*.Kft 3.197 70.302 m aft 1.7a* tftft ftftl ft.XC 2.747 ft.fta *4.347 ft.ft* 4.21ft 23.4ft* 91.722 ft 2.44ft X* aw *a tt*<* **- fWlMlM 1 2.442 ft.Xt IH.1N 1 2,241 22,M2 I 1 i.on ; i i . i i 2.C32 5*.777 *.7ift -to .an 110,7*1 73* 230 ( 123 22,214 > 1 t ! 2*1. , 1.27ft 23i 4.aft t.iftt ftl.KS ! 0.2S0 I.t9i 70.14% J.W Sill wft TwJ ! <W m4 j *>,241 144. m 4.127 t.204 ft.241 Vft.tol I.Oft m.m 2.IC ; *.7 ! 14.230 IC2 3K.7V7 * 1 I.M ; 1,27ft an 4.01ft i ftl.*34 II.Ml 1.14a 2a.777 *H.<64 3,NI l.aft 3ft.KC 2l.ftS7 3.1*1 1.1*1 M- ha **4 *# ft0,N*C K.M 41 JO.IM* 130 J.WO Na lift ft.ftMJ 3*,44ft 3.312 lft.241 ' 2,k* >.4U K Twi HD.ftM 7U.M2 I.7I* 14.239 *C3 ftA.ftft 1.442 230 3.K0 7W tftft ft.ftM >.44ft 2.213 1*2*2 r.xft 3ft.kC ai.dC M 2.14B I.3H T-aJ HM.ftJft in * ftMi.TJU ftlft.Cil ~ xa.fCi M.aH Ml.ftS 41 27.2*C 437.K3A Niurtf \iNrnrk Hwf^wi <( Mh J halMtn I.7W _ i.7y MO Ml . . __ ___ -- - . -- .. ........ ---- - . - inw ft WWWM'l.j'l" ^g^JLBU^H'l1 My^U- -U.J < WW"UW'J'^*n' o r i fe E> if. L fc* * r ? ; h " r' - ' ` a1tMtoafeiiTriMi>i w t Vfnii '^ "'* ' L^22952 '> r Iitf jfrYliaMrtffrM tfiriiWnttw 369 ri*m to 10R8. Tlir rine in the orr- tnimitx UUir imin and in li** unMmur indr* in IlMfl ndntivr to HMfi *m due in part to the decline d Uilut** nvtfvaUnmt in the Tri-Slate dintrid" Kibliofrraptty "liwl in Mwirr ladurtry,** I^wl Imlwlrim Atwrlalihii, Nr* >Wi. 4'Miwtb VfftdaMik,'* 1'. R Hdim mi Mier*. WuAinfViii, D. r. *Yr*r H4," .Unmru Hrr*a of Urlal A|U tart. HUliKira," AmkM Mrtal Marin. TV |Vr*i**9*.l*)*UtJ- mi Kwtttf* Ini <fwim|4t)H i, | rad ladwlnn A--odwtioa, Nf* YrfcA'ftfi'awrriaf A UI'ainf Jmmrumi Mr MUl J law), N>* Yrk, MHint Hill |*u)4i*faiac Ca. Hf**rr im| Wiinarr, "MwkrtiM l Mrtal* ud Mirrralp,** Nrw York, MrUraw Hiil PnWidi- U( Cm. 8yttir, J. A. *1 rad,*** I wffai.Cww it Cm. INhtrr, W. H.. "Notr* far * HiMay d lead," Nr* Ywl, II. Yu NadraM Ca. 1m. liddrtl.D. >1 , mi X*diniB Mrtd Iwcr," Vh Iu m l-"l*riri|iWi ft lN*M*rtM ad Ylaa*r 11--`'Rrrarrry 4 (At AlH !.** Nr* Y*rfc, MrCravltUI NHi^ln< O*. m i w M j . .uji i i u m . |iii< w iw j i M w * d p w w " i . i < | P ! * * f HE >-^J^.riCTgg^ i .1 ^>-iyp.MIJM mm*