Document VGanoNmpJ5MVQ4NrmdnL915Yj

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1939 Oct DOC#: NSC242 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Excerpt - Transactions of the NSC - 28th National Safety Congress rorew ora T^H E TnmactMM of die 28th National Safety Congress Xand Exposition of the National Safety Council, October 16-20, 1939* are published in two volumes. Volume I con tains the general and subject sessions and the sessions of the various Industrial Sections. Volume II contains the Street and Highway Traffic, the Commercial Vehicle, the Transit, the Child Education, and the Home Safety sessions. Volume I is distributed automatically to all industrial mem bers of the Council. Volume II is sent to members who arc believed to be interested chiefly in the sessions it contains. However, other Council members may obtain Volume II upon request. Many members have found it of benefit to distribute copies of the Transactions volumes to both executives, foremen ami supervisors, who lav e used the practical information they contain in safety programs an d .fo r general reference pur poses. E xtra copies of the Transactions r a y be obtained a.-, follows: One to 10 copies of Vol. I. at $2 each; 11 or more copies, SI .75 each. Extra copies of Vol. II cost 75 centeach THE Transactions are a condensed record of the pro ceedings of the Congress. The papers and addresses have been edited to delete extraneous matter, abbreviate the les> important portions, and emphasize uhat may be ot particular usefulness in promoting effective safety organization and other accident prevention measures. These volumes, there fore. are a somewhat abridged version, compact, practical and of particular value to the student and executive inter ested in achieving more thorough accident prevention suc cess. The original manuscripts are available for additional reference, if desired, in the fiLs of the National Safety Council. TH E National Safety Council, at its Congresses, seeks to eliminate from discussion matters which are not pertinent to the aims of the Congress or which may be contrary to the Council's policies. It cannot accept responsibility, however, for all views expressed either in the papers which have been delivered or in the discussions based upon these papers. N ATIO NAL SAFETY COUNCIL, lc. 2 0 North W ick e r Drive Chicago Council Council Annual Annual Special Elii Pin Fur Gov Hea Ind Mai Occ OffSaft The W ei Aeronau A. S. S. Automot Cement Chemica Construi Food Se M arine ! Meat P Sectio: M etals M ining ! Paper an Petroleu Power P Public U R efrig er Rubber Steam R Textile Wood Pi Safety E Index m n o M i he H O N O R A R Y M EM BERS AssooatkmOP I n n amis S ib il E m m u s s Robert W . Campkll L ew R. P almer OFFICERS 0939-1940) Col. J ohx Su l well President H. J. Aldrich, Vice-President for Safety Councils L. C. Campbell, Vice-President for Industrial Safety Wil C. Knoblk, Vice-President for Education D*. Mill McCuntocx, Vice-President for Public Safety I. W. Millais, Vice-President for Finance and Treasurer Walt S. Paine, Vice-President for Engineering Lew R. Palm , Vice-President for Public Relation^ A. V. Rohwedek, Vice-President for Home Safety R. T. Solenstex, Vice-President for Membership W H. Cameron. Managing Director and Secretary EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 0939-1940) H. J. A ldrich, Spencer Kellogg & Sons. Inc J. 1. Banash, Past President C. W. Bebgquist. Past President H. W. Boggess, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co. H. E. Bolt, South Bend Civic Safety Council F. W. Brai'X, ASSE-Engineering Section W. H. Cameron, National Safety Council L. C. Campbell, The Koppers Coal Comp.ui> R. \V. Campbell, Past President Robert I. Catlix, Aetna Casualty & Surety Co D. B. Chant, Paper and Pulp Section L ewis A. D eBiois, Past President C. \V Dempfsy. The Liquid Carbonic Cory C R. Dooley, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co. Inc. \f arct s A. IViw, Pat President H \ roli> F. Ext.ows, American National Red Cross D. D. Fexsem, Past President H J. Griffith, MctaN Section E. E. G rover, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co. H arry Giti.bert. The Pullman Co. G. T. H eu.mcth, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. H arold G Huffman, Unemployment Compensation Comm, of N. J S. B. Horrfix, The Carey Salt Co. W . F io v n J ackson, D elaw are S afety C ouncil 4 OFFICERS W a u a a G K m Past President Tim. H . MacDowald, Federal PuMic Roads Administratiou IM-Mklib McCumocK. Yale U n c n ity L W. lCnxiMB^ Industrial Glows H arn * L. M m , E. L do Pont 4a K m oatt ft C a W a u a S. P an , Aetna Life f t Afitiated Cos. Laar ft. P s u m P i * Prrridtit G E. P e m o M . Past PtcaUsM Aubbt S. Rmula, ladastrial Relations Counselors, Inc. R. J. RssGsum, Coustrnctioa Lt. Gol. H saar A. R snassa. P u t Preiidun ft A. Roaaan, Textile A V. RoarwEOca, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Ry. Go. Chasubs B. Scott. Past President F u n T. S a il in. Portland Cement Association ^ Got. J o n HL S H m o m , Massachusetts Safety Council Cast. L. S ia n , Cleveland Safety Council G R. Sana, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. SountsiCK, Elliott Service Co. Lcsus J. SoansoM, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago Cot. Joan Stn.well. Consolidated Ediscn Company of New Inc. Joan M. Svlvesteb, Lehigh Valley Safety' Council G P. Tolmak. Past President C a m G T baves, Greater Chicago Safety Council Dl C R W aisok, Past President A. W. W hitoey, National Conservation Bureau . R. V. W eight, Railway Age Aatnua H. Yovsc, Past President York. DIRECTORS (1939-1940) K. J. Aldskh, Spencer Kellogg & Sens. Inc. A. L AansnoNC, Eastman Kodak Company Vtxn W. Au h l, Safety Dir.. Syracuse Chamber of J. I. Bahash, Past President D. A. Bahett, Carnegie-Illinois Steel Corp Leo H. Beaulac, Blackstone Valley Safety Council E emest W. Beck. United States Rubber Co. G W. BEaogtnsT, Past President E. F. Blakk, Jones & Langhlin Steel Corp. H. W. Boocbiw, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co. H. G Bolt. South Bend Civic Safety Council Commerce O fHCBtS AND MUECTOtS, Com m it C B. Boulet, Wisconsin Public Service Gorp. J. C Bowrr, Automotive and Machine Shop Section F. W. Bbaun, ASSE-Eaginecring Section JoflW A. Baorar, Elizabeth Safety Com al F. & Baowx, Standard Accident Insurance Co. P. N. Busmhell, Cement Section W. H. Camerox. National Safety Council A. D. Campbell, Mining Section L. C Campbell, The Koppers Coal Co. Robert W. Campbell, Part President Raymond A. Cabev, Eranstan Safety Conncil Ray Carney, Kenosha Safety Conncil Robest I. Catux. Aetna Casualty & Surety Co. D. B. Chant, P 'per and Pulp Section W m. M. C lark, St. Joseph Safety Conncil Kexxfth B. Colman. Seattle Traffic & Safety Council J. E. Ccluxey, Bethlehem Steel Co. Lewts A. DeBlois, Past President C. VV. D empesy, The Liquid Carbonic Corp Milton VV. Dobrzensky, East Bay Safety Council C. R. Dooley, Soconv-Vacuum Oil Co. Inc. J ames B. Douglas, The Philadelphia Gas Works Co Marcus A. Dow, Past President H arold F. E ndows American National Red Cross D. D. Fesneli, Past President Donald A. Finkbf-ixer, Toledo Safely Conncil Db. H ast E. F isher. Chicago Rapid Transit Co. Victob B. Fitzpatrick. Richmond Safety Council H oward B. F onda. Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (USA) Inc. W m. H. Forsyth, Superior & Douglas County Safety Council A rthur C. F ry, Worcester Safety Council J ohn B. Gibson, Western Electric Co. L yle H. Gift, Peoria Association of Commerce Safety ( ounol R andolph L. Gilman, Rahway Safety Council W. A. Griffin, American Telephone & Telegraph Co. H. J. Griffith, Metals Section E. F.. G rover, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co H arry Guilbert, The Pullman Company D. T. H arrington, U. S. Bureau of Mines F rank H. H arrison, International Harvester Co G. T. Hellmuth, Chicago Rapid Transit Co. E. L. H enry, Steam Railroad Section J. C H erbert, Greater Los Angeles Safety Council Chas. E. H ill, New York Central System Harold G. Hoffman. Unemployment Compensation Commission, New Jersey P all H olland, Baltimore Safety Council J. A ndrew H olley. Child Education Section S. B. H orrell, The Carey Salt Co. Major Normax A. Imbie, Safety Conncil of Columbus Chamber <>i Comm erce OFFICERS AND DfltECTORSi, Gontimwcl Manoac J ackson. Eaqdoyces' PaMicatlon Sccr^tn W. Fum> J ackson, Delaware Safety Council W m. F. J ames, Philadelphia Safety Coondl J asper B. J ohnson, Madison County Safety Council T. B. Johnson, Commercial Vehicle Section Frank L, Jones, Greater New York Safety Council T homas P. Keanus, Ohio Industrial Commission Ralph O. K o r a , Chemical Section H. H. Kelly. U. S. Interstate Commerce Commission W aite* G. King, Past President W m. C. Knoclk. Milwaukee Safety Commission W m. S. Knussen, Detroit Industrial Safety Council O tto C. Kvhkt. Greater Springfield Safety Coondl C. L LaFouxtaine, Great Northern Railway Co. Roy Lex, Contra Costa County Safety Council Arnold Lockerby, Grand Rapids Safety Coondl John E. Long, Past President T hos. H. MacDonald, federal Public Roads Administration Hox. A rthur W. Magee, New Jersey Commissioner of Motor Ve hicles D ennis J. Maley, Safety Bureau, Buffalo Chamber of Commerce R. A. McA rthur, Public Service Coordinated Transport H. X. McC lellan, Berkeley Traffic Safety Commission i >*. M iller McC ustock, Yale University' David L. Mh.I-ar, St. Louis Safety Coundl I. W. Millard, Industrial Gloves Company H aroid L. Miner, E l. du Pont de Nemours & Co. H arry S. Moody, Rochester Safety Council R. B. Mosley, Industrial Acddent Prevention Associations R. \V. Morse, Rubber Section C 1- M urray, Mason Citv-Cerro Gordo County Safety Council H on. E uot N ess. Director of Public Safety, Cleveland C. J. Nobmann. Petroleum Section E J. O 'Brien, J r , Louisville Safety Council Georce C A. Opt, The Detroit Edison Company W alter S. P aine. Aetna Lite & Affiliated Companies Lew R. P almer Past President D. avtd A. P atton, Newark Safety Council C. K. P eacock. Chattanooga Safety Council C harles \V. P endock. Safety Division, Milwaukee Association oi Commerce C. E. PErriar>NE. Pa>t President B. O. P ickard, Marine Se'ction Ji'pc.r. H arry H P orter, Street &: Highway Traffic Section H. A. Ptolemy, Public Utilities Section V A. Rall, Refrigeration Section Albert S. R lc.ula. Industrial Relations Counselors. Inc ll. J. R bgellth. Construction Section Lt. Col. H enry A. Renint.er, Past President Marinus Riter, Paterson Safety Council E . A. R oberts, Textile Section I O fBCBtS AND WfcECTOtS, Cortmued A. V. R a n r a m , D M , M im R 1c I n n Ranee Ry. Co. G, E. Sm m General Electric Company Hekev G. ScHAmm, Meat P a d M T a n m c ft Leather Indartric Maroon Ha w E. S a a t at, Kaneaa G ty Safety Council D u m a s B. Scott. Past President Ea u S. S e t tm , Utica Safety Council FeaMKT. S w a n , Portland Cement Association Got. John H. S a u u n o ; Massachusetts Safety Council Da. L A. Saoumr, Bethlehem Steel Company E a rn L. Sosoxds, New Haven Safety Council Adouh Sanona, Safety Dept. Nashville Chamber of Commerce Cakl L. Smith, Cleveland Safety Council C. R. Surra, American Air Lines, Inc. R. T. Solenstek, Elliott Service Company Leslie J. Soeenson, City Traffic Engineer, Chicago E. C Swbhc, Piiibdelphia, P a Cot- John Sth.well, Consolidated Edison Company of N. Y. Inc Edmund C. Stone, Western Pennsylvania Safety Council John M. Sylvksteb, Lehigh Valley Safety Council A rraus M. Toot, Consulting Marine Engineer G P. T olmak, Past President Geosce G T bavee, Greater Chicago Safety Council Da. B. L. VosauBCH, General Electric Company Da. G H. W atson, Past President F eed A. W ebb, Food Section G. Wise W escott, Safety Dept.. Automobile Club of Rhode Island T. Angun W hite, Safety Div., Birmingham Chamber of Commerce S. E W hiting, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. A. W. W hitney. National Conservation Bureau ). G Wilson, Wood Products Section A. N. Woodhead. Albany Safety Council W. E. W orm, International Harvester Co. R. V. W eight, Railway Age Abthub H. Young, Past President E. J. Zauet, Safety Bureau, Duluth Chamber of Commerce M. R. Zeider. Power Press Section t r t It record, of the fore projector "it and Ae *Hy Iv ie d ric govern- s i Pictures, or the site it is to be ng and sub id 2 ustaaO) ector necesUion unit is ter flexibit- to procure length for variety of The shorter to r and the ngtfa of the x projector, are usually is more or med almost "oo orach in ction power inability. I jector lamp 1 0 watts, reace it for d b of- from t than this which may a projectors 300 watts ronAatioo tMpMtlp the d is almost itself m * Disease Control THURSDAY MORNING SESSION October 19,1939 The aesrioa planned for the discussion of prohfema in industrial occupational ducuhe control was called to order by A. S. Johnson, Assistant to the Manager, E a g h e tris f Department, American Mu tual -Liability Insurance Company, Bos ton, Mass-, who presided. The problems were presented as a pane! discussion, and Chairman Johns introduced the mem bers of the panel, as follows: Roy S. Bonsib, Chief Safety Inspector. Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. New York City. W arren A. Cook, Division of Industrial Hygseuc and Engineering Research. Zorich General Accident & Liability In surance Company, Chicago. Dr, A. G. Cranch, Industrial Toxicology Department. U nk Carbide Company. New York City. Dr. Leonard Greenburg, Executive Di rector, Division of Industrial Hygiene. New 7 irk State Department of Labor. New York City. Willis G. Hazard, Personnel Division. Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, O Dr, G, G. Meiter, Director, Industrial Hygiene Laboratory, Employers Mutual Liability' insurance Company, Wausau Or. 0 . A Sander, Milwaukee, \Vi= if I ; ' D t s c t t a a i o n Plan ^^pea^Lto-haee a working base froWmr ,,hinacv,h: ure wilt talk. This 'working base iroir: wfeucfi we will try to develop our opinions i* what I choose to call a triangle of re sponsibilty. visualizing what may be called the three A. B. C.'s of an equilateral tri angle. At the top of this triangle is manage ment of an industrial enterprise, the man who has to pay the bills, the man who hires the labor, the man who worries about their health. On the left base is the med. cal side. They are the group employed to carry out the medical part of industrial management's responsibility. And on the lower right is the third base of this tri angle where we find the engineers or in dustrial hygienists, who have to develop and prepare for the operating group tht controls of occupational disease, as tar a, engineering is concerned with control!::-:..' them. Nov.,, there 5 a strong tie nttv.rer tunmedical and the engineer! nr through that base line cosi the trianglii What we hope to do ir. discuss:!-, earri topic i- to develop that tie, which ne wVi call the bahirice of opinsco between the medical phases developed by the doctoron my left, and the engineering phare* de veloped by the engineers on my right I would t.'ke to ask this pare, a ques tion. For a great many years occupational hazard have been studied ir or.e indus try or another Would this pane! feet, lei ns say. -anguine that any industrial enter prise now ready, by employing proper perscsvicl. In searching on; the answers wherever they may he found, to solve an occups'ival disease problem si they have one. ii tty the proper solution maintain the niery and hca.-fb of r`"i- cm pii >vve' I'ut " 1' O! -re w> s'i.i g-, 'ping o1 th. -O, -- -. : trn t,.- hazards bv rut-o" - i ooit-iv : conflict cti expel ' --ii:, .end ?' -retira' expires s 1- "1r : -' ho find i theoretical hazani n. t-'X!'"'lsure Hecans it is suggested ir the I, ' ' ' Will Dr. -- < Cratidi talk brief!'.- ;:tk.ng this !me < nggestion ' Dj-, ' T, AN C 1 'in V querti.'li i- ,1 broad M' 1- any in.-hi rv satisfied t! a' it is ir. |tv -non to -oh e "u oretiration;::' disease i 'll the basis i i rese-t inform;.. tior; ~ 1 would say. ahsol ufelv yc-i t v t h. major: v of occupational disease i.-fi'"- :-n are s;i Kcientlv imdersto r.d to ad- p ' ehi cient n re for contri io-1 ; :|i : 1 i. ;:r;s-:o ; r : S; 1f,tt. i(f 'if1. ft \. 1 -h' ) - laitolnia. CHAIRM AN JO H NSO N i to q u e .t1' I lM ril 'HA '"Well, why - V ; aaytoing about (Ms a a ti! -y tv-o, ., to U n w mi wheth I d , . ' w r, - p u m per tnt&ioa or two t: i per ndlkxt?" Let us develo. iho. m d to k toe opntton oi I >r i1 <Mtoe engineering de DR. MEITER . 1 agr uh' C tondt toot t o r n ss enough - aolw these occupational di** II ssmhc employer * ore n..t wiilm-.: !> anything s t alt anti! alt pcwiffe : tom avaflnble. I would t.#* that are newer going to tart. In solving the- o<curt >.! iM-t .problems, we have a progressive -o3i:ir. In the same way that the IW aistom.' ' could not have been ' silt in DOX jw*. m are we progressing in all the branch:' engineering. ventilation, vemHation r; ment. and respiratory protective and ao 1 think adequate information t available. A Basis for Truth CHAIRMAN JOHNSON ! i n have a balance of pinson thc.v. h have an occupational diseas-- 'ir?.i;-if is enough knowledge tor. the books and bt; it in progressive fa, luor tered up, I thin to; ' * nnotions. I have rm. ature in which or rtopinion that bsram " terials are used, v.. that is just ao 't.:t re:, ,: : population of t:h Do we k:-: and control of phosphorus,, rwi.! to ort out the . 3act an effet": Dr. Leonm" 1 f UR. -D. s!,;..t them n n'liiCh : ; . ;n4 ben ai'ti The thief rcaMH il h> we toi .oatmne to tndr , t# i>ecaiiaetoe vi.sa- rr a -4 -w-kcr do r nt realise ni these hasard and do not r a :rDD'.jt seo, ;.ily enough to in >' 1;T- ara mmi p r o f menus f ' J f ' ;f. : s:v: Now I am i< :3a*" engineering alto ,nor 4, ..esttou. Let US d m l ave toat ia UarfriL ! some rxposure h i ms to know if there r- i; i'd ia trk l engineering : ',,I ' uke it impotrihk nr .per Instrumente ritity of exposure, i, v 1 or fume. on that, over to Warren day we have . o finding out , materials a n ne have ever f wa* a very labor o-s to analyse oy the worker, mere and more or ;ftire having .a.ri; itaving de 1' -il quickly tell 1 ao material is ' .1 ; >the worker, o'ill dctrrmiwf roonoxide v mi lar equip - other tojHi'' < ut the beat :'1 we hope n of tok i-a:iirtry one of 'ft tinte it is aerials o deter .re mare are being :*>ty en o`!! ` t of ' am tcal of? fear rtol rl define f: sinks on. It ae to se the enlist to not to in* ns of I am I side visualearful, re is a there eering ihlc or intents osure. I'arren more t how man is er had laboriinalyze rorker. i more haring ng dedy tell erial is rorker. ermine inoxide equipinjurihe best e hope of this one of ae it is aterais deter- e more e being fety en* -self of w I am critical re fear , would a define echnical Occupational D istase Control 135 m cuorcm cat? That is, by visual observa tion. O r 4os he fed that it is beyond all aeatioa desirable to have the survey made tedudeaBy by industrial hygienists or by men trained to sample properly with proper instruments? MR. BONS1B: I think the greatest trouble in industry today is that there has been too much guess work. In deal ing with iustdkms problems such as the new substances and some of the old sub stances which have been introduced, it is pretty hard to hang your hat on every thing, and the average executive today wants to know exactly what is what, and you cannot know that without concrete evidence. You have got to get definite in formation and data. When once you know the tact-, which can only be obtained through technical means and by experienced people, y o u can give them something definite on which they can base definite conclusions and on which you can base your preventive measures. CHAIRM AN JOHNSON Now I fee! assured that we Can discuss some detailed problems. We have our base. We are in agreement that there is no ordinary occu pational disease hazard that cannot be coped with, that there is sufficient evi dence to sort fact from fancy, that there are instruments sufficient in quantity and kind for proper engineering analysis, and that there is no need of guessing. Let us start now an occupational dis ease control program. We have Plant X The management at the top says. "Find mv hazard, if any. Control it. if need be. I am setting up a medical department: 1 am setting up engineering occupational hygienists. I want you fellows to work out a program so that my operating depart ment can install the necessary safeguards, whatever they may be, and assure me that there will be no emergence of disability by reason of these exposures." The Medical Program Let us build first the medical half of that program. Of what does it generally consist. Dr. O. A. Sander? DR. SANDER: I am glad you empha sized the need of a medical program in an occupational disease control program, along with the engineering control. An initial examination of all workers exposed to a particular occupational hazard is as necessary at is the exact determination of a hazard by engineering methods. The appearance or the findings in any group of workers exposed to a particular dust, or what have you, gives an accurate picture of the hazard which has existed over a period of years. That picture is one which the engineers cannot give you. because their dust counts or other deter minations may be only temporary or may vary from day to day. It may have changed considerably m the past few year- the hazard may have been fur example, ten times as great two years before as it w u on the day the dust count* were made So no i.cujar. .nal disease control i> ade quate without nftul , ; a:! <1 ph es. v. 1! ' ! KMAN JOHN-ON , i n . San dcr 1m-. <iiveloped the need fbr ;he trx-' i r a ! CNvl " Minfin a- a `jrvr v q.MMO.M-, io de:[er- tnir*- as bei.have VX* t-stesi iave pr.mg.-cd any pathoh>^rv' tn the mien. I.et us assume that, and n*t^ ' our prc.gr:, !i of '"nffrnl. Dr. fi ree 77roirg bat fio vn, i feel about the need sor : .r i i'vi '/ Mi t'r examination orogr an: r DM <", RKF, NP : P.fr i* jd larg ;>. cep on what 1Miri':':!.ar roiza,r d > were presen: m the pur:!: :te':. In ver;ain case- it v, .n:!d be des. -ahio : vxarrore worke r- very P*- - even. ;.o ..ften as once a month :? .i :n :" - stance s it might be vei -at : - m i - t.r \ ex amt:ne them once a y<f a r . d m - c r.ii-.n i*: >i n j u s t vs hat particular substances TH <: f .r - e r s re ex pi .ed to in their dai v f 'c c i : i P a t i c o aiv.d fiow satisfar:,v-V Thff r r c h r i r a i rnear>. o f control c r e . F o r example t o t h e C,,V>C O ! i might be satisfactory to cxanimi z v t .ir K f T - * every three months I believe in the case of tetraethyl lead, the da Font t party examines its employees about .-are a month, though I am not quite -are ah, :: that. Tn the cae of sand blaster it might be desirable to examine them and x-ray them every six months: whereas in the case of foundry men it might be perfectly satisfactory if the men are engaged in ordinary foundry work to examine them once a year and x-ray them once a y ear or once every year and a hah' It would be largely a question of judg ment, depending on the particular occu- IH st,t V t Jm/t ir w h u m t a em- CHAIRMAN JOHNSON; = *a *ak D r, Greeaburg to amplify ' I f the Mrvejr about which `r. SpCCthC OCi' '> ird as having cauwesS that is the aittuti.-;; tin t ta n a s ia most i b n ts --but still tH may be aoiae moderate exposure v to ibt> o r la that, ta d the management -varu s he perfectly sere, how often as a gene; thing should those men come up for tv examuugioo? Understand, this survey has disclos- no pMlwIagy, no damage, nothing you am p at your teeth in or hang your hat n < indicating great need for engineering change* in current methods of control Re-examination Periods DE. GREEN BURG: That would largely depend on whether there were any hazardous materials being used in the plant. If the condition of the men at the time of the initial examination was quite negative and no hazardous material is be ing used in the plant, I should my the de cision as to whether or not you are goo to have physical examinations is large;, a a open one, and a m atter of wide judg ment* For example, in the case of a dep; ; m eat store's employees, where young women act as salesladies, under ordinary cosdtioH . it might not be necessary or desirable to give them physical examisja tfcm saK M rthan once in five years, perh sp eao l nuni If, on the a r hand, the physical exl quite negative, and yet are being employed, the erouM depend on how toxic those are and what tha analysts of the showg It as ht> me that tha 'answer to the is a m atter of Jadjm a n t which a u n t be baaed on a comparison of the relative haaards of the ewpoanrt as com pared with the cost and deairabBity of coutinuittg intensive physical examination, aad only by knowing the detailed facts can one arrive a t a sound decision m a particular given instance. CHAIRMAN JO H N SO N : I think that it is very important for you all to O!" ! I. Rh ite :/pitiUSI -- v h etw that v n3:1,st:n l-.tis v;;U3i.&KlU, O C O O C S C , ' t iv to pay u t m t with ri dato* reseated by riw 1 : -i ml the i book formula which 's employees hn itrrvals, But the n . fiKinatoii is another " problems, becam ir , '1;i; -fighi-caed when kr- -rn : rig examined to flat. .1h; ythtn* the .attar with ' iv'i.i ji.t.,1 :i-,-:.-mg ti. .mksccl to tee if are r ;i^h': T #y are always tb it itni>; dire *adamiti may over t d a then vvipfi. It a a l [era, me tfc,-1 : h to be )-tr.F;',:-!.. nt J sr- ivi1! ut vvk fiT. much if, b long experience of examining a mam employee* for operating Hat might tot be hazardous, b* ,ea> been ab* to keep those calm ,-aod collected and; quiet c-n u - 1 with what thing! b ta ir' S:! D1L CRANCH: Physical "-(.ranis fc* iuccttpatioual irol can hardly be divoreed 1 irai cmami nation program . heahh conservation. Whete i t i s i ti have a medical service, can at in daily contact physical, examination difficulties than where it is the sake of occupational diMtift If aa outside pitysicau amine certain gn " J of m arnati of from one mo .. to two logically have a right to o may Be something those who are called m that leads to considerable aac their part as to vbM B be These is a matter of _ practice ia carrying oat am b a 1 examinations. It is arach it is possible to a m a g a i ably frequent exanriaatiowf la r 0 N health conservation, and ** timi . then. w 9 be laeladed la I procedure ; of an occupational VVlfk'll; with c foem examination ease con* ora a physt4 at . rrl t M possible -c 4 k phyaib the men, far b t t es la to ex on i the regular the effects posore. "* ,'1 TV. A am at- .......,,... T_ _____ at M a n f*l|A*m *li sIAM^ fiyu j1 >,!'* U K t o HR My tMr re-nxMuutatkm h Will WiBis HaaaMh % Mral factors: l i l t HAZARDS til to nccapAnaal tbc motti in p o flM t MM; seeoad. trfaat tee notice to ran tefl the enghtoar i toitli that w '* health as the are from the physkal cxmAm Amu more or less determines how mSmmi ly into te n d is any n a n rim seems toder the weather, who does not he dots wed, who seems to he hacard is ; it often isolntoa ft to M p |l | divkfuals in the plant, and th a t i way to places shat shonld onto r neerrng control in that togaM little. F r a n their recommend** pick op cases that certain tv m gnire cscaminatian w hkh othcroR* totoM easily have bees overlooked. O f AIR MAN JO H N SO N : ytva have already vtsaaSacd w hat kadir.g to. 1 want Mr. Wourib 1 that a little (arther. Hera Asother thmg whkh we have to remem rscdkitl examination ber Is Ant nany symptoms are common what is wrong, if sot only to occupational disease expo- to develop the engiaearingi ssres incident to life n general; and the W hat fact and what A HMrifcal program for the control of oca- go about Me businem? i w e itt Is therefore extremely is Ant Alt contact must he s~ wAh the men to determine what J g * w are going on and what is their MR. BONSIB: damage to the hmMM A upon the exposure a n d : C H A IRM A N JO H N SO N : The im portant point to me is that you cannot drag In a physician from the outside who la n total stranger to yoar probU o., merely becansc he is an expert toxicologis; or exp ert something ehte. and ask him to set op a medical examination or control program . for about a week, and then depart Hire him to commit with yoor own ph y tic a, hot let your own physkia so fold the occupational disease program in to the general health eon seevation pro the engineer should,Ito allowable conceateaAMl have to Mintatn Anm or the gineer that is profession will have I think the answers is that it in. very old or maximum permssBde bel CHAIRMAN gram, Amt the findings of the one serve to think we v augment and support the finding of tit. certain no out its neck far Now I am going to talk to the entriti eer v and assnme that a survey ha* 'too.-.: made in which we have discovered a k,,u>.r& sufficiently Amgerane so Am in .he es-^c* medical ale threshoM answer to the however. tor's opinion, something ought to be done about it. I am not assuming that it has m e so far as to kali men. but it krs mat." totted itself either in moderate early *ymptoast or some actual 4emamtra.l>'h pa thology in a few. For a medical it* week .i'whur the gi between the , . through the fact AMI I want to ask this group of ifmeers. what they want the medics* (on to teli them which they may *** 'o'1 1 * ad vantage hi their own work -s wnneciwst revealed whit, wftt'AMf man If grades the men h | able, or . ..il,,:*# 1''llLmn c'ciflv 1 99 fafafy fa flitat san d m ^^ISS^mmhkt hk IMS I eat* MUid. It ' ,rL pj'B iiiB j in f i s ; wf- lb* . UMFWSinmW--Wn(Wf*MaWt U a H M r 0 M i M troni 1 wifa i disahfaty? fW Byoude* MttMdRi} ': MX. BA 2A M 3: I t m m $ la me it h nahahr naasM e Car' f a n 'aambwer 1 use fae msfarst tesnhi l i a maty statistkat pa!, 'lb , faa s Met b n to know wh h slfa a rw k sfa e r it is Mike Dambr.*!. tilths. I t i* extremely impor- fa st he know tke som ber of pretie rfatt faadfliig 'the *mm aitmeni ml h o ore w orkup oi pH(meat or the plant as a whose MIL B O S S IB : I do not see how y*. c m protect against something unle v-.u kMeor what it is going to do; and I d f eee haw yon can provide necessary i i,m m m m Without knowi< h n to go on them. i >oid limit to which 0 or h e material, whether u o r dost, is causing the trou'ec ' fa not know what the toxic I)i'3 ffattll. the amount it takes to make vec'.-'-'c sick or how moch the human met ! u fall stand, making due allowance i < idiosyncrasies of the susceptible, f ; *r sae how the engineer can provide tiie necessary measure*. Therefore, I still maintain that tin threshold limit is the essentia! thins; ; the engineer to know. T hat gic: him something fa. shoot a t In other word*, he must reface fa s t concentration to the poiat below which it wM not m*'*.-.- any o n side, and the length of exposure r,t; sary fa which that peraoo aanat l* >; posed. MR. CO OK : Am instance might be cited where other lectors than ttorwh+yH limit# have been utilized. For in the n p m mdustiy, m mnmn : there what is known an a eanded plaster manufacturing operation where there I* IfiJIffd iitlflfilT ii| I j l j i l ."^pjWI^c. 1 T umIcmhi aiw otkm m i Ia |kg*j w^^^won^^wnwJwuwx mew,4s showed th at the** was no.t fibrosis. Farther and it was ixTiwi. In the fast the sand was a t'l well w ashed action to produce a particles. In the air tion of free silk was vkt it was in the main i 'ice or two per cent. <lamination shewed ..'.um dust fading, < * 1 Kt). gypsum dost rairly rapidly, tin.! wire rapidly; aw >iu*rtjr and gypsum ; rapidly than either iact that the , rations with the `urge groups of | more rapid i Now, the medical what gave the ! compltent** ; non was not *'.| l thought to b e .no the i CHAU ., tilustradon M fle points. !i`*;!!!' i have vefapedwfch SM for a fact, fan did MM have * l men a* in his files i Now Is* ment, to m ^ jL 11 III Sd!i ! lll[ tir r* a* the O ut panel find can he controlled i is enoasrh imow?SggnUlllii to Mr KMKma nmnKlor * ascdkut pr>v m 9 m sftnl W A* need for m *m anna; ihot the doctor 3ht t t h f A t flo a t doctor, Hgasenioti by s h fwMfct M h t wed* to emploT to coun oil oitll Who; that they have certain smonot of h c t n ! formation that they MOM torn over to tile hygienist or in fo* his m e as a check foe hi per and that the med; : ' crowd should toll the engineering cm, i how k w the k t i r d must he taken to consider ft reasonably safe; that the engineers are perfectly witting and able to tackle the hatted hi se n * fashion if they now those thine; ad the periodicity of the exami nation to find out whether the engineer did job or not dejtend upon the condt* tione m the doctor find* the record written in the men themselves. Of eooraa, the engineers are fsotg to contiaoe to uae the instrument* o) survey to check their own results. Now t am going down to mar printed program and explore some of the ques tion suggested there. The panel will dis cus phases of exhaust systems. Are there in Me engineering catalogue-, data de- of one kind or another snake it posaftle for the engineer to ' i ao exhaust system if he wants it, or ihe needs ft? Aw there enough high ` vacntMa cleaner on the one o tt of the cataktgue plant, and expect it , im ign a h Then, aft can he hsndlsi Ig r1 into the dasnftM sosti hook and tati ap e 1 fan rompo n j hana t in, so tha oflke girti dato, and the m o m When this n n liktiag installed, the "`Well, the she is alt right and that is I Then the hand, says that the i volume of air a t tftpi catalogne, so tim r And finally, whsji it does not work t done. So the pnlm 'f ' ventilation, ao 1 technical kne mento to realty working MCieHteAr IRMpAg N|| . point, control, I I do not illustrate. fewer, trine the royera w , w. yon develop your i prsasnt market conditions of yMMftrtptpt systems as against of exhaust systems to MM circumst; >-.ces? tion oqnipment. T ha assumption that yon am select from a catalogue ar.d ventilate poor problems has bees* a great drawback ft| the progress of this work. By that I mean this: Oftentimes a *> to rn wW have. say. a local tin worker. They call him in and he. without know- Now let us go te fh ri nws,elneatiss9l^xe9 cssaMn W^n gad MM 'ir'f--'r^f--i,. K .;.'fife 3f ffli :: 'hi'11is -'4 Y T ri Hie from (he a .cock-4 an oil soluble, and vice versa? anta a water DK. CRANCH: f think yon hare started something. Protective n -- n cer tainly have a M l m the protection of kia from various irritaat substances. 1 wooId pat far ahead of the aae e l protec tive crean, however, good perece] hygiene and thonogh ctesaliuess the part of the worker. Where that ie ob tained. the qaestkm of protective emana is of lesser importance: aomethue* nega tive importance. , There are certain exposures, however, where no amount of personal hygiene or cleanlincM ia enough to protect from pos sible harm. Therefore, we do have a place for protective creams of the two classes Mr. Johnson has jort mentioned. Primary in the consideration and selec tion of any cream, of coarse, is the nature of the exposure. If h is on an oily sub stance. re most use a water soluble cream which will form a coating over the skin and resist the penetration of the oily material. And, on the other hand, if it is a water soluble substance from which we must have protection, we must have an oily base in the protective cream. The first consideration, then, is that the cream itself shall not contain an irritant. That incidentally opes op the whole field of allergy. There are many people sen sitive to certain of the common ingredients used in maoy of these protective coatings. They can probably only be discovered by the skin. I have quarter of a pom queried out of a have. ibjr h*i O* an lack la that case, they often rm fcttu other difficulties. Maoy of these ersaas* which protect from o3 substance. M l creams which have g soap baae; the m a m limpb running,around in o ;map jmaiftpe, and tJter io r k tto in ferintiot iraAdi I t in ffMi or h c tm Unn thtt vU di would have maufosd from the ex- posnre they ought to prevent. la Hie oily protect how they 'offer as very queer miataras. Laaoline as a bate, 1 (Male, is the thing of choice for that type of prntecttoau rather than a petrolatum. It works a fktlt far ther ink* the skin, I believe, and wiff pro tect in a more thorough manner than the petrolatum base preparatioas which fast smear over Hie surface and are moire easily robbed ofl and fall la their protec tion. Another thing to consider is. that the last word has certainly not heat said on protective creams; they are in the process of rather rapid development t believe there are commercially available many suitable types of protective creams, and. on the other hand, they can be made up for a specific purpose very satisfactorily on the advice of your physician. You can get a very satisfactory cream that can be rodnerd in bollc for your ow n me. Respiratory Protection CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: We Ml continue with the discussion of respka- f ^^pf|,,htgfi^m|sg, arm actagfqr protec DR. SANDER: Masters, eadoabun tact affords ahuoat for the preveatfoa hehnet m kept in f wid provided' the i the KHmet Is ttfitf In for ubservsi blasters ia a stv yet to see the ir ho M w orM o asst' Abo, 1 ham stage enses devel oasis daring that case hsnM hs We >find,that: hfo ffoue o f ras t Un y M utii Aa fo r a; f r vMAfo tu tuhww m iim e m p m mam on M r I that a n ah yijiiiliSili i;V| . !Diaauf Contrai 141 connection wish the at foundry- Rmnpera- ht i of conm of reipwmcm* I interpret DM (Jm .. l : f | V , | l i * systems, an4 toms of by personal body i er the airline iypr protection to protectiea it 1 thoi tkat the satisfactory type of n epketor has been found which : arWowtTMtwwtwtephwewmewe-ene. , DK. SANDER: Beginning with sand modern air hei* '"fCm pfOfttCUon 'mm wBP1WHPiPPBIOW'weilpWPilPsiiPiip^pn .i p * no need of respiratory protection, provided an eabaast system is used and is in proper worktop condition. Tfct cakaaet ventilation for swing grinders ie a Hrtte more jRHeidt, bet it baa been acccsnpHshcd. T iare are very few swing grinders in Wisconsin that are exhausted, however. It has been oar ex* 'c ie-ice that swing grind bave not de* velopcd as ranch silicosis aa was at first befieved, aad th e reason probably is tkat by the time i age there is no more : i all *iHca the awing generally plant dust. ia breathing I Holders and core makers need no spe cial respiratory protection, in my opinion. A raolder just could not do the Job very welt if he were required to wcer a reopira* tor from morning until night. 1 do not think'I j;!fWow!Pr,!lr ' depend on a *tmnMmSnr U- At Yaacaa c im W We ti teen with a li.hWfefw hns nOt , sMppw|m|. .is wfcHfh*fifvflfvp ______ ^ .lust'there -may with a .'fU^um^esifjaiwtOtWuitnwhwamna point in e.kfdfEeAc^at'i on sues MS'*'tse, jo| , erlie !;have' aot permitted seed ______ Jtbcrcaloes scars to continue i ^wlUg U astPllqlghip^Uii'ais^ffl t k t .wPflilw Inh. bd waat I!te wd^roioannmk^'w" me wswbno^nu^^lmdg' leg and TO-e dHstthan He is getting Ibhstrag Job. W rnmen--m fSb*' M^lMaff* Sft a^o ^MaMamHULaM Aa far as the other foundry operations are eoncernod, of coorse It ia always ad* vimble to exhanet when posatele. There Sto'skrarniteupatlMi tkat eaonot.be exheaoted soti^ctoray. One of them is ond d ripping. and-where mad chipping meat he done, it ia advisable for the drip CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: That dis sertation answer beautifully the queathm of respiratory protection h far as h ap plies to the foundry, and I think direct analogy will carry that opinion over into almost any other exposure that yon choose to carry it into. per to wear die filter respirators. How* ! In order to play absolutely fair with ever, even there it is advissble to try some everyone in the awhenctw I am fftring to other method of cleaning the casting if start on thg questions that hava come to that la rii that ia fetrib h -b r instance, washing with high premure coeabined me. and there are quite a number. weter mid sand, and so forlh, Here is the first question : With ordina*y aland grinding, there is that the deveteiteMat of MS ;m|C m nel | 'lite....... .... Ot MttlL m i" " " : " ' " ' " ' : " ' i m pR |f'!itif!!t!!^,^':'MmTml1l ; nwflt 10 or tea III'aWluraBteWtol^7te' `SMS'iiV';' . . . v ., 'tllp : DB. GREENBUKG: T hcn are too tteu n tteft ttettMter&lKflit^amf ia : t jg jl * 1 ... . O , . 4>' to tfcc fnflcM xKt: a tbft flMOBd k feo ^^pV-i^RPWPPMPMp^WPVPi^nfiVIP^riMHMV- "P* ................................ j .......... f l0 ': O n e ra rn e r a n r a ^raraw t o ra ra r j^ ^ ra * iehfeer, th ^Dcpertraieatet;Llftar or tBe DupiftMMii of Heafeh,aad te fcw cmh sb oth , Md thcjr >f hvagrff pnvafcd *to*r o belp the ncttrr pknt, pontea- teftr wWi toch prafetow* ti . .Man? of the {oatMaora compute* bove deretoped dietetooe of hjrpfese end xpern on tSMsr tuux n o w n o p an d ead shfe to tender cerotee _ ihe*e Han. It anana to tac KM th* % fc*t pcofa ra to to (r 'A anafe piatii maaacemest to m opt e that dar atara* Mwa Mode 1* maaapoBwat hadfc Once Hanniotn*a FM^erMaraii^M^MnioIolraUtraFaa latraa fi^^a^am^ra^^in a^^^crahioninc^otncrard^^t.p iat te a relatm ly rapte tttag to obtate peae* tkatlr fo e a r d a fra either of theac too orpaateatten* ia aa d b r t o really do oaatroetteo pw wottw worlc. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: L etneadd oaa thonght to that anatrar. I aa* fanter witb mote of thoae dtotekm*. la aoac of thera te there aajteodjr carrria hi* dote lo hrowbeat or o tteadner loto bao* th M an phot* that aot help. tltoy aia already ghrfo* Help i an advteory M m . Thcra ha* baca fear, fet titee. d a i yo* j^aawgOd .atea^R^o1M^aJKatoM91 oiddatioa faaopfi .. A lt llfcftilttflflf tlltttn WCi - - . J ^O-, ,, i^000 ipOte^^ii1.1teip^raa,^\i,tete. atthe oftbc U fete? fe be tee tone Don dote? baro mute to anmrcr MR. BONSIB: 1 t i* * that if pon heve ':fc* .W J that Of m m t t IF MW W BF Wtlftl BMT' F ^ ^ Fl ^M^TM^^ Ftfl tift- tele. Yoo han to p tt afefebM asd aot ^orc ffinnt Kmu^le dbr gvt < dBf rtMlU, t a i bdiff ttd flM Ml I not n p A * rao tbaa H t or 200 Haaal teet per adfebto I do aot tbiak thera te caattefe aootiaf action to do duna. A* a wattir of teet. orae la tte re 'era iatenetad ia raaldac ceaied to iadteate tbat thera a* co tan to done. However, poo cante tetra the fiiw g l WINd |g 40M Ml'OVBfiBte ttet >. bat I do Mt ttifarti MB M te to NBMMt M or 20$ Macal ieet per Mioa If poo te* MflMHntl i f f r i f :vMttedoflL Jte lnw ^te aot. har aay daner, h tnp ap i *a, ^; CHAIRMAN JOHWSOlf th a t aai to he a Untoti coottentea. It to oteta n opiaioa hated apon ohranaatei 1:1 s'M liad fui' M ete tedi m HM 1 hori MWWl 1' jrw r-*- :rba^Hi': teHMMP to - ' f:-;:M;-,! ; 1 fSMM':,;l i, j!:'! 1 | $'.: :.i-;;l;;.!^'i 1 "4:, iB il !? : :: ! P N ipw gP P H ! pr The ari di CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: H trt i* uiothir unirioii: ip far m i i i i r i daea a it r i iili any i l il al m eccep** Im i t e i d i jasonooimiakM lit dcmatiti ie more ot a aietiawhril hoeafc- ; Thy fflfuai ddtirt ^ _____ etmm ltna^n^arg o f |W .Wl^no aUs Wt^f^cniaWjnRfti 0i0t. II iCpp> kPRi. tok .gBp^Wrn^oT^b^ - be that the plan rie*~rnat'pay any"aria* ' lem lH o w a r id i 'youariteoaK th de tion to tr i pedplrit aadl aiaay af 'At t d A t empk paae lo aae ik n d n m-- en nceoiMV' ivvMiBWii.nmani^v^l:'1><mbhF' n-nm R l i w i n n oa tlt Ira^ada?^^ usee triBn m w i f it more or ire r o w ky m ------- frfikm of d l u l Ifivdm Cottkg oifat ad otfaer ode produce matter in the p om of the elri. dermatiti*. and rtpreocwt thrce in ard t. One produci a phidctaf od th hair At that.time, preventive nmanaeee are fallictn, whkfc i$ i*yOy a medando) nnoecelsosnagryerrealty to cleanee the Ida d a b thfctg of robbing od a r i d in or wfcat bave you.intothe sfcin. ougMy and npicw B y o n to oriaagaln bring it back to h normal c k u n a d - Then we bave wint I thiak die doetors tioa. cp# beterotbcma, vWcfc ti probably a CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Let a* go Chemical bar, an rim ir i I th Un over to the engiaeeriag aide and talk on rhkh i* another typt of dem atri. Then the iriaatrialiat who waitafarlaiwa ads to A tti I a third me, wHkb furiarne Mori provide himeetf a a n ) ticket a r i trice to pdeoning or boto .r it t e th il ha been prevent Jaat this haaarrd from rawing apportine a iofcctive mediani .bacteria trouble. M m m etofL MR. BONSIB: 1 agree nth mack that Cas we iolve that i contact probleni fcy haaiilinc th waaftiof a l mea ia a atie* factory ataaaa* throofh orario faeaitiet. a r i dw discooragemeat of th ase of the doctor has said about gettiag pood oil in the 6rst place. I think that one of the big caaeae <ari I have studied this problem a lot for the haeah abrade m m r i rita*'* it anice reason that yon hear g a rir *torin#M !; aoy difereaee? jtpries dac to catting d M it that the 1'-. ' ;! .. , It''' 'W \m *5 ti Iff&l Vr ! i1`t "!'f '' ifi .#H I4J 'is 11 . ^HH 1d^npf^pgw' :!i;-|whMLrinopwwj^n^i 5m^ ^ 'r:m ol ^jiMiij CMV-MHTMfeM* ttU tt I p M V ^ ftt^ gOd farden M 'lIbrU n thor- OKi Lrt n go oB lo tnr* viieense lwo i toad " for ^ r ^ v the PWWf MUfft J pm 0 0 * IB, RHH>pmrer* 1 r .jn o f dorb :<!'*g c0-' '.*'**00" .fiHf nllwa sHi l ayt ' VMMfill fflfBItHt* 'e proportions? MMMt i tlie "--fO: - --P OB bwii: : W * . W- - -o n - te r, na ooi- my own experience, _ j'f--p--endn?p--of-OuRghgTnWsnoWIBetshWloamWtf >'':BJ^BMWlBMBB^slt>lOeBnmss !fOo-P* in low .....': | ":: ^PBjof. !Jbo-!Wjp?oo*0|twli(nadjH'fNhffldlH:. uninatiofti has hoen lo give emidopoas dy lk a tc copy of the report whteh tito mptoper f e o j m .The WIwosib t d u triol CnM ih recently pubSahed a dedaratioo o principies oo physical . amhmtieas in mduetry which everyone ia- tnwniteJ in A ii fo M n i th^oW tee. In that ft is spedficaffy requested thet en- pre^wwi w piren n copy o* vperepon whkh the employer reedson* /'"That is not a ruiaplrt record or report; it i$ merely n statement or Biting of the important defects. I believe that It b as .repppr. vo jpre irepNV*^ comjwwr re* pam sa I & lo gire tN m notUng at atL . .^^aa^w(y la in what Us 'Iddnd pet rure'readiag was yesterday or b today; be is merely bterested in hnew- ing whether or not b b rigeificaatiy high, andthat is aU he tarea about. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: b than anybody be on the panel who woold Uce lOtfhClMf tk l VNidpBf la te BONSfB: I chink ym a w c a w e llpjP^W^:i !ii !^C4W^e. 1to idcvbed for dhnf- . IBdBIiaH j , u f o m tiT m t necessary to keep _ IJr^ r low concentration, * darmniMa may develop and abo sore eyes. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: Does the tnedfeff ahb <m panel wish to develop that any farther? DR. CRANCH: I tUnfc that oestfon fllnttra lrs one of He phases where it is not necessary to have engineering help in order to determine whether or not .you sttwtivr O* fw ek c4 Bdfat 1 oono^w*w^emr.nnjwmt^niww ono*t tftlietv. PotmtMrhytb vapors are not likely to he toxic, since in a concentrated form it it so irritating tint jnst for comfort some relief woold he demanded, so that we need not be pertiedariy concerned about what concentration b obtained. There are a nmnber of ehemicale of that sort, where the immediate effects are so irritating that tank npaanre woald usually he avoided in the coarse of ordi nary good ptu t tet ha handling the ma teriel. CHAIRMAN JOHNSON: W am o :-:^;.!l 638 2#ik National Safety Congress cttfatdjr mtxroMtog time, t a v n t a m aad pnraw m . Sdfiria * wm a r j; thermometers ** well as recanfiag ftw a to a tte n a rt cor rector placed and constantly checked to usare the maintenance of correct temperatores. Each of these processing operations re quires unosual care, extreme accuracy com bined with adequate supervision and in spection m assure quality and safety of the product. In spite of the utmost care, defects in workmanship and materials do occur in any manufactured article. These defects must lie found befte the article leaves the fac tory. therefore, it is necessary to minutely inspect each article, diligently searching for and rejecting defective merchandise. These inspectors, well trained, are paid a bonus for hading defects; however, as an added precaution, their workmanship in turn is checked by product quality inspectors to assure accuracy and efficiency. The modern tire is only one important / eceessory for the car of today. The same r toairing care hi manufacture, the same high regard for quality, the hum precau tions to assn re tteoonsnm ers' safety is a major part of every piece of equipment that is manufactured into each car. Tires art safe and automobiles are safe--if the per son behind the wheel and in control co operates by thinking and driving safely. Quality control work in any manufacturing industry involves two major safety func tions. The first consideration is the safety of the employee, to see that the operator is performing his job with the maximum degree of safety to himself, that the mate rials he works with, his tools o r machines have no apparent functional defects that may be haxardoos to safety . The second consideration, safeguarding the safety of the consumer by seeing that each operation is being performed correctly, being con stantly alert to insure the observance of specifications in order (ha, uniformly high quality, safe merchandise is produced. Dusts in the Rubber Industry By P. A. DAVIS, M.D., F-A.P.H.A. Goodyear T ire A Rubber Co., Akron, O. 1lusts may be classified in two main groups: 1 Harmful; 2 Xot liarmtul or nuisance. When we think of this classification, we undoubtedly think of some type of pneuinonoconiosis. However, 1 believe wc must not base our conception of dusts on this basis, but assume that all dusts are detri mental to the human system as a whole when the concentrations are high enough. Whether the disability is due to a toxic condition or to a mechanical one, of course, depends entirely upon the nature of the dust. The conditions usually referred to as being of mechanical origin fall under that condition known as pneumonoconiosis with its various sub-divisions o f : 1. Silicosis. 2. Siderosis. 3. Anthracosis. 4. Asbestosis. 5. Chalcosis. 0 . Chalicosis. The method of contracting pneumonoco niosis is by inhalation of the dust; however, all dusts do not cause pneumonoconiosis The higher the silica content of a dust the greater the possibility of developing a fibro sis and the higher the percentage of crystal content the g<eater the irritation The diagnosis of the type of pneumonoconiosis is based upon the following : I. Past history and occupation 2 Physical examination. 3. Clinical examination of sputum. 4. X-rays of lungs. Since we have been studying the lungs of industrial workers by x-rays, there has de veloped an entity which should be termed the ``Industrial Lung." This condition, I believe, should not be termed a pneumono coniosis because it reaches a certain stage, does not progress any further and after several months to a year improves. There are no symptoms nor decreased capacity of the lungs. It is discovered only by a series of x-rays taken over a period of years. C fy (aac* A l atejr the o f gg^jgine* defects that The second c safety of eh operation conwervance of form!) high pacmaonotost; however, sonoconiosis f a test the ping a fibroft of crystal tation. The noconiosis is tit urn. the lungs of here has de* J be termed condition. 1 i pneumonoertain stage, r and after ove*. There , capacity of by a series >f years. actio b strietfr a n y d w classify t Non. SopcvAf Hw ptedjpal teat* or aatariris HM:. ia iadattiy Weh fan oder these huabtttans are ns faBows: aiMmMVBfRlHHBfHlinWACMtfMMXAlAWidhP*t 1. Seosis (sandstone, dak flour, {oiler's earth, Sionghton A , mftumoal earth, rotten stone, any other day with More than H o f 1% *3*0, ground (fans). 2. Sidewtais iron ores, iron oxide* (ant), iron snlphides (nat). 3. Amhracosis--coal and carbon dost*. 4. Asbestos*--powdered asbestos, asbestos ore. 5. ChaJcosi*--copper ore and copper dusts. 6. Qialkosi*--stone dusts. H anttfol: 1. Lead dusts. 1. Arsenic dusts. 3. Chromium dust* 4. Cadmium dusts. 5. Antimony tests. & Radium compounds. 7. Alkali tests. A Sulphur dusts. 9. Tellurium compound*. 1 0 . Various colored compounds such as ultra marine Mur. Prussian blue, lead chromate, etc. Non-haratfnl but nuisance dusts : I . Soapstone with *4% or k*s of free silica. 2 Zinc oxide and sulphide. J. Barium sulphate. 4 Plaster of Paris. 5. Pari* white--whiting, n. Tak. * Mica--may cause a mechanical irritation. * Oxide of magnesia. V. Titanium dioxide. As we can see by this classification we necessarily must go back to our original classification of harmful, and not harmful; and 1 am convinced that while silicosis is one of oor predominant condition* due to The foRowfog are the most important stcrWs used ia the rubber industry which a n ia the form of a dost or powder and to which the iadmdaal is exposed. They aat xMchad by the faBowtng letters--H. harmftd; NH, not hermfu); HT, harmful and tonic: HP, harmful and pneumonocom otk; NHN, not harmful but a nuisance dust 1 . T a k soapstone with of 1 % or less StO r--N H N . 2. Starch and potato flour--NHN. X Zinc oxide--NHN--see chest x-ray. 4. Lead oxide, metallic lead dusts, lead chromate, and the various powdered lead pnrntHTrauhi -HT 5. Carbon Mack--NHN. & Rubber dost--finely divided dust from boding process...NHN. 7. Sulphur--H, sometimes irritates nose and throat and occasionally produces a dermatitis. A Whiting--NH 9. Baryte*--NH. 10. Asbestine--HP. 11. MgO, and MgCOr-NH. 12. Lithoponc--NHN. 13. Red lead--HT. 14. High grade clay--HP if over 14 of 1% silica and dust count is over 5.000,000 15. Com starch--NHN. 16. English vermilion--HT. 17. Graphite--NHN. 18. Chromium oxide--HT. 19. Ultramarine blue--HT. 30. Titanox--NT. 21 Thermatonic blue--NTN. 22. Zinc stearate--NHN. 23. Aluminum--NHN, occasionally causes a mechanical dermatitis and irritation of mucous membranes of nose and throat. 24. Hard rubber dust--NHN. 25. Lime--H caustic. Produces dermatitis. 2b. Various alkali dusts--H caustic. 27. Various chromium and cadmium dusts --HT 28. Mica -- NH -- sometime causes me chanical dermatitis. 29. Yellow oxide (Fe.O,), NHN. 30. Black oxide (Fe/)). NHN. 31. Gypsum--NHN. 32. Casein--NH. 33. Wood flour--NH. 34. Prussian Mue--HT. m Nwtkmai St ftfy Ctmgress 35. Soap 36. C n tu -N H . i w t a i KH. Some- ckroaieknadiitts. post mftuoual factions, gom fmMmwuc ooudatmos, asthmatics, mid persons with myocardial involvements for 37. P l S ^ B d a Kapthyiaau.--HT. causes a dermatitis. 38. Soap hark--NH, sometimes cam a litllr coryza and cm jenrtm tis 39. Colton Hot dast--NHN 4ft Bronze powder--HT--ac to copper and lead content 41. Zinc sulphide--NHN. 42 Sand-H P. d u ty operations. I have foond that there is x-ray evidence of tuberculosis m about 2 per cent of the eases hut only 5 4 of I per cent active and of a jiermanent disability. Uncomplicated pneumonocnHosis of a moderate degree is not disab&ng to a point of permanent disa bility. 43. VarkMM days haring more than V, I want to present to you a case which t ni l% of free silica--HP. f think is a rare one. This employee has > 44. Antimony oxide--HT. never worked in any dust before his employ 45. Titanium oxide--NH. ment on his present job. He has worked 46. Various inorganic and organic chem for 1254 years in zinc oxide dust and dur ical compounds in powdered form often ing our periodic examinations in 1938 the produce dusts during their use and manu x-ray picture proved very interesting. He facturing. These must be considered in does not have a definite pneumonoconiosis dividually as to their industrial hazard and hut he shows evidence of glandular fibrosis. toxicity and are not in the scope of this What will develop in a few more years will paper. be shown by x-ray examination only. He 47. Wheat and potato flour--N*HN". has no symptoms. If this man had been The following procedure will be helpful in solving your problem of dust. working in lead or similar toxic dusts, symptoms of that particular substance would have been present. 1. Make repeated dust counts of the working area at various levels. 2. Obtain some of the dust and send it to the laboratory for complete analysis in cluding the determination of free SiO,. 3. Examine the workers, x-rays of the chest for those working in pneumonoconiotic dusts. 4 Check the ventilation and increase it ! product noil-hazardous atmospheres. 5 Differentiate between conditions caused In volatile substances and solvents, and those caused by dusts. i< Protect the workers with proper cloth ing and protective respirators and masks. 7. Study the [articular dusts from the mechanical and chemical nature and if the effects are unknown, resort to animal experi mentation. K If dusts are toxic and harmful consider the possibility of a substitution for a nonItarmiul substance. (f Examine and x-ray all employees who are being placed on jobs where there is a <1u- 1 hazard. They should te examined jieriodically. 10. Make each dust problem an individual The dust counts on toxic dusts must be kept at a minimum, and much lower than that for silicotic dusts. In silicotic dusts the particles of 10 micron size or larger are of very little concern, but with toxic dusts the size of the particles is not so important as I- the number of particles. The smaller the particles of dust the less the rate of settling and the greater the time of exposure, and this is the important item in toxic dust For example, the permissible amount of lead dust is approximately 15 mgs. per day of eight hours. There would be very little chance of any one ever developing a pneumonoconiotic condition with this dust count, but if it is increased very little there i? a chance for lead poisoning, and so it is with the various toxic dusts The question in rno>t of your minds is, "Wliat are you going to do about the-* conditions?" The answer is simple. You are going to correct them. It has been proved many times that it pays big financial returns, creates ttetter working conditions, and the employees have a more efficient anil appreciative attitude for the employer. one, and in case of silicotic dusts, keep the It is unnecessary for me to consider the counts below 5 M. per cu. ft., if the free methods of correcting the dust problems SiO, i more than 1%. for this is in the realm of the ventilation 11. Select employees free from TB, engineer, hut you must insist that the ven tilation be to a certain l at that point. You should ployers accord posed to and t is a schedule few years Silicosis or i eluding x-rays. Kon-stliciou< toxic dusts--e1 Toxic dustsarsenic, anfin dusts, and alk month. Nuisance du x-rays only if i If you find better to corre the employee causes dtssatit such conditions coopera'ion be mg and mans state- at pres du-t are com[ employer to cc to a jiojnt at w It impo-sd ttim f at! thi Employ] As we - C a l : movement, we emphasis lias b responsibility i Authorities se< fand by foretr vision) are ve the prevention How do thes conclusions? \ some the respo -ons under thei When we tei must accept tl clems occurring MS alar ftrosit. r years will mi owtjr. He in had been toxic dust, ! would ists must be i k>wr than itk dost* the iarger are oi cic duals the important as r smaller the te of settling i{sure, ami toxic dust* tount of lead per day of t very little pit a poeus dust count, le there is a so it is with ur minds is. about these simple. You It has been big financial ! condition^ efficient and nployer, consider the ist problems c ventilation hat the sen- Yoa should pcriodkaMy examine yoor em ployees areonfmg to the type of dusts expamd to and a a suggestiou the followh a schedule M 1 have used for a lew years- Sitkoei or sdkoiic dusts--six mouths in. [ x-rays. Kan-skiou* and nua-aificotk or nontoxic dust* e very year, with x-rays. Toxic dusts--for example kad. chromium, arsenic, antimony, phosphorus, chemical dusts, and alkali and caustic dusts--every month. Nuisance dust every I to l `A years-- x-rays only if indicated. tf you find any evidence of trouble it is better to correct the cause than to transfer the employee elsewhere, for this often causes dissatisfaction _nd suspicion. All such conditions can be controlled if there is cooperation between the medical, engineer ing and managing departments. In most state- at present all conditions caused bydust are compensable, so it behooves the employer to correct his working conditions to a point at which there are no hazards. Conclusion It is impossible to give a detailed descrip tion ..f all the du-ts used in the rubber M m* * for the silicotic dusts alone would require a volume to do them justice, bat I want you to remember that there are just as many serious conditions which may de velop from the inhalation of various toxic dusts. There conditions arc often more serious than pmmmonocooiosis and develop much faster god in a shorter period of time. For attune* person may develop a kad potwomg m two months from inhalation of kad compounds and it might take five to ten years foe a silicosis to develop in the same environment of silica dust. There are on the market today many fine and efficient protective devices such as chemical protective masks, dust respirators, positive pressure masks, clothing and gloves which if used will give good results. Instruction to the employees by the super vision in regard to their personal habits, their instruction concerning the type of dust they are exposed to, and why they have to use the protective appliances, will reduce the possibility of any trouble to a minimum. All laboratory work must be done by a technician who has been trained in the vari ous toxicological laboratory techniques and the interpretations must lie made in con junction with the past history of the in dividual. May I say in conclusion that it is much more profitable to correct a duty operation than to declare it a hazard. Training Supervision in Accident Prevention By JOHN J. LOGS Employment Manager. The General Tire ft Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio As we scan the history of the safety movement, we find that a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the foreman's responsibility in accident prevention work. Authorities seem to agree that foremen (and by foremen is meant direct super vision) are very largely responsible for the prevention of accidents in industry. How do these authorities arrive at their conclusions? W hy must the foremen as sume the responsibility for injuries to per sons under their supervision? When we tell our supervisors that they must accept the responsibility for acci dents occurring in their department, we must be piepared to state a few reasons. W'e ask a foreman for a report following an accident, and he has a right to a clear understanding as to the reason why he is called upon to explain when one of his workers is injured. There is nothing mysterious about the placing of respon sibility for accidents. It isn't the case of management imposing a burden upon supervision that should belong elsewhere. As soon as a person is placed in a super visory capacity, a position where he has charge of the work of others, he becomes directly responsible for their conduct and < 'M Officer 1939-1940 Grmrd Ckaimm E. L. H om y. Chicago ft North Western Railway Co. Chicago, ill. D G - P u n , Watesh Railway Co, S t Low. Mo. Secretary m i S am Letter B m m P. F. Bwntti; C k ia p , Barlmgton ft Quincy Railroad Col, Chicago, 1. P ragm a Ckainaam, J. I t T m n r , Western Maiyhmd Railway C o. Hagerstown, Md. F iw i i w l ^ Ckainaam, B o w t Scott, Atlantic Coast lin e Railroad Co. Wilmington, N. C. Statistic* Ckainaam T. H. Caaaow, PtoM^wn i Railroad^ Philadelphia, Pa. Cwte K C law -- ,C L. LaFonrrAmE, Gnat Northern RaBway, S t Ptel, Mian. Paster Ckmhmtm, L. J. Bbhor, Chicago, Milwaukee, S t JHral ft Pacific Railroad Ox, Chicago. Safe Practices Pamphirt Ckainaam, W. J. W an, Delaware, Lackawanna & Hudson Rail- NmimHms & Elections Ckainmm, W. C Shelves, Union Pacific Railroad Co . Omaha. Neb, Health Chairmm, Da. lavinc S. Cirrrea, Chicago & North Western Railway Co., Chicago. TUESDAY AFTERNOON SESSION October 17.1939 The opening session of Steam Railroad delegates was called to order by . L. Henry, Assistant to the General Manager, Chicago & North Western Railway Com pany, Chicago, who presided. Chairman Henry welcomed the delegates, sketched the program of sessions briefly, and then in troduced the first speaker. Safety Today and Tomorrow on American Railroads By CARL R. GRAY, JR. Executive V ice President, Chicago, St. Paul, M inneapolis ft Omaha Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. There is one thing in which I will not take a hack seat for anyone, and that is the interest I have in "Safety." Perhaps it is partly from inheritance that I gather my in terest i t this work--perhaps from the en vironment and association I have had with mm who believe in safety, who preach it, and who practice it constantly. Perhaps it is from the standpoint of realisation that it is one of the greatest factors in the so lution of the transportation problem. But whetlier it is one or the other, or a part of all, I know that I am definitely, completely and wholeheartedly devoting a considerable portion of my life to the improvement--by safety--of the lives of all of our people. Naturally 1 should be most interest! in the safety performance of the Omaha Rail road; but one cannot be safety-minded and fail to recognise and be interested in and a part of safety as it is understood in the business world today. One has but to look at the program of this Congress to realize what a tremendous place safety lias taken in the lives of the American people, for it permeates the very souls of so many of us It is. and has been, a complete success. I read all I can concerning early American railroading. Here is a dipping from an English newspaper of March 6 , 1869, quot- 645