Document VG7NE7E0Q1Ovbb44kQj1nBEvq

k it: MINERA: * /, YEARBO 19 5 Volume I of Three METALS AND MI (EXCEPT FUEL I 4^ CO 00 CO Prepared by the staff of the BUREAU OF MINES DIVISION OF MINERALS Charles W. Merrill, Chief Frank D. Lamb, Assistant C.Lut 634 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 An article described laboratory and pilot plant flotation of kyanite from a schist in the Sudbury area, Ontario, Canada. Flowsheets of the Operations were included." A study was made on the effects of grain size, forming pressure, firing temperature, length of soaking time at the maximum tempera ture, and small additions of other materials on the densification of domestic kyanite when fired to high temperatures. It was necessary to grind domestic kyanite finer than 325-mesh to obtain dense test pieces at 2,800 F. The degree of densification of kyanite increases with decreasing grain size, increasing forming pressure, increasing firing temperature, and increasing soaking period at maximum temperature." East African kyanite and sillimanite rock from Amam were among various refractory material on which flaking tests were made.14 The formation of mullite in various materials was investigated by means of X-rays, and results verified with the electron microscope.18 Experiments were conducted to determine whether mullite melts congruently or incongruently. A single crystal boule had a melting point 100 C. higher than that of mullite.16 The subsolidus relations between mullite and iron oxide were studied to increase the understanding of the properties of fired clay products.' It was found that mullite and ferric oxide formed a limited series of solid solutions when fired in air to temperatures between 1,000 to 1,300 C. The solid solutions were characterized by an increase in the lattice dimensions of mullite, by increases in the indices of refraction, and by changes in color.17 Samples of zircon-mullite were fired to 1,300, 1,400, 1,500 1,000, and 1,700 G. for 4 hours: The porosity, bulk density, and chemical composition at different temperatures were tabulated." Data on bonded mullite and zircon refractories for use in glass contact areas, superstructure, and feeder forehearths of the glass furnace, were presented. Special reference was made to grain struc ture, mineralogical composition, chemical reaction, and destruction of mullite and zircon refractories in service. Photographs of zircon after service were included to illustrate the application and results obtained." u Wymkn, R. A., Flotation of a Canadian Kyanite: Min. Ena., vol. 10, No. 1, January laeapp. 111-112. 13 Wilson. H. H., and Bole, O. A., Note on the Denelflcatlon of Domestic Kyanite at Illah Temperature,: Bull. Am. Ceram. Soc.. t o ], 87, No. 6. June 1958. pp. 269-271. `Wylde. J. H., Recent Work on the Flaklnx of Refractories: Gas Council (Gt. Brit.) Research Commun., GC40. 1957. pp. 1-86: Ceram. Abs., vol. 41. No. 3, Mar. 1, 1958, p. 71 J. 33 de Keyser, W. L. (Contribution to the Stndy of the Formation of Mnlllte Studied by X-rays and Electron Mlscroscopy) : BulL soc. franc, ceram.. No. 35, 1967. pp. 9-19 ; Ceram. Abs:, vOL 41, No. l: Jan. 1; 1958. p. 30a. 13 Neuhaus, A.. [Growlna of Single Crystals of Mullite]-: Keram. Zhur.. vol. 9, No. 8.1957, p. 438: Ceram. Ab**,, vol. 41. No. 4. Apr. 1. 1958, p. 103c. " BrowneD, W. B., Suhsolldns Relations Between Mullite nnd Iron Oxide: Jour. Am. Cernm. Soc., vol. 41, No. 6. June 1, 1968. pp. 220-2.10. A Ti end Kamenchtk, A. E,, [Behnvlor of Fusion Cnot Zlrcon-Mulllte Ware on Heating] : Steklo 1 Keram., vol. 15, No. 1, 1958, pp. 16-18 ; Ceram. Abs., vol. 41, No. 5 May 1.1958. p. 117d. ** Knauft, R. W., Smith, K. W,, Thomas, n. A., nnd Pittman, W. C,, Bonded Mullite nnd Zircon Refractories for the Glass Industry: Bulb Am. Cernm. Soc.. vol. 36, No. 11. Novemoer 1857, pp. 412-415. Lead By O. M. Bishop1 and Edith E. den Contents Page Legislation and Government pro Domestio pro grams 636 Smelter United Nations program........- 636 tion--C Import quotas-................ 636 Othe Exploration programs637 Consumption Barter program.-------------------- 637 Lead pig Stockpiling-......... r----------------637 Prod Domestic production638 Con Mine production___638 Price Smelter and refinery produc 1 Fore tion 643 Stocks........ .. Refined lead--primary PriceB...... ...... and secondary........... -- 643 Foreign trade Antimonial lead--primary World review -' and secondary 644 Technolo UPPLY of lead exceeded demand by a S resulting in rapid stock buildups and low ports, in almost unprecedented quantity,'c with domestic output for an increased sha United States market. Domestic mine pro whereas world production declined only 3 p ment acquisitions of lead, that in previous ye severity of world surpluses, were greatly red In the final quarter of the year quotas wer ports into the United States, there was a mo sumption, as well as a rise in the market pric but encouraging increase in domestic mine producers' and consumers' stocks continued t i Commodity specialist. * Statistical assistant. ' Figures on Imports and exports complied by Mae B. Prloe and Els Vctlvlttcs, Buroau of Mines, from records of the U.8. Department of C 636 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 TABLE 1.--Salient statistics of the lead industry, in short tons 1040-53 (overage] 1054 1050 1950 1957 1068 United State*: Production: Mine production of recoverable lead... 392,341 Value (thousands).................................... $119,100 . Primary lead (refined) 325,410 338,025 352,82S $89,165 $100,731 1110,787 338,216 $96,730 From domestic ores and base bul- Hon........................... ................................ From foreign ores and base bullion.. Antlraonlal lead (primary lead con- 376.455 08,363 322,271 164,441 321,132 168,025 349,188 193,120 347,676 186,858 tent)................................................................. Seoondary lead (lead content)................. Imports: 17,345 474,120 12,797 480,925 14, 686 602,051 13,657 606,756 19,870 489,220 Lead In ores and matte................ .............. Lead in pigs, ban. and old....................... Exporta of refined pig lead............................ Stocks(lead content) 103,375 1,880 870.692 1,610 161,261 41 281,941 596 177,479 284,729 403 196, 452 283,892 4,628 198, 479 84 333,402 4,339 At primary smelters and refineries.... At consumer plants...................................... Consumption of metal, primary and 107,253 115,200 137,039 124,641 89, 443 117,458 97,043 123,996 143, 916 129,310 secondary........................................................... 1,142,660 1,004,871 1,212,644 1,209,717 1,138,116 Price, common lead, New York, aver- age, cents per pound.................................... /orld: 16.22 14.06 16.14 16.01 14.00 Mine production................................................ 1,946,000 2,270,000 2,420,000 2,480.000 2,610,000 Smelter production........................................... 1,900,000 2,210,000 2,240,000 2,400,000 2,610,000 Price, common lead, London, average, cents per pound.......... ................................... 16.76 12.08 13.19 14.62 12.05 267,377 $62,666 269.082 201,074 16,446 401,787 201.028 460 376,022 1,369 234,290 122,900 986,387 12.11 2,620.000 2,480,000 9.13 LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS United Nations Program.--Concerned over the apparently chronic vorld oversupply of lead, the United Nations, through the U.N. interim Coordinating Committee on International Commodity Agreements, held talks in London in September designed to explore reas of possible agreement among interested nations to effect stabiization of world lead-zinc supply. Size of the U.S. market and dist ess of the domestic mine producers qualified the United States as principal participant. A lead-zinc subcommittee was established iat met in Geneva in November. The dimensions of the problem ore thoroughly reviewed and a framework for possible multilateral >rrective action was discussed. Import Quotas.--Pursuant to an Escape Clause investigation under ithority of the Trade Agreement Extension Act of 1951, as amended, the Tariff Commission, in April, announced its findings that increased imports, in part caused by trade concessions granted under General Agreements on Tariffs and Trade, were causing serious injury to the domestic lead-zinc industry and recommended appropriate remedial measures to the President. Action on the Tariff Commission's recommendations was deferred pending Con gressional consideration of the Administration's proposed Minerals Stabilization Plan. The Plan was not enacted, and on September 22, President Eisenhower issued a proclamation imposing import quotas on lead and zinc ores, intermediate smelter products, and re fined lead and zinc metal. The quotas, effective October 1, 1958, were established at 80 percent of the United States average annual LEAD competitive import rate in the 5-year peri were on a quarterly basis and major exp individual quota allowances. For lead, im gories totaled 354,720 short tons annua approximately one-third less than the lead Exploration Program.--Public Law 701 was gress to establish the Office of Minerals Ex the Department of the Interior. The new tions of the Defense Minerals Exploration which legally passed from existance June Government program for exploration pri financial risk with private industry in exp of increasing the Nation's mineral resource considerably more restrictive than its pre loans under OME provisions were required funds could not be obtained from commer interest rates. Government participation limited to a $250,000 maximum. During 1958, 15 new contracts were mad for lead bearing ores. Total authorized ex tracts was $1,363,651. Barter Program.--The 85th Congress ext farm surplus disposal law (PB 480) to the authority the U.S. Department of Agricu the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC ishable surplus agricultural products for le of foreign origin. In 1958 the CCC cont lead (55,438 tons in 1967) to be added to mental stockpile. Modifications to barte during the year liberalized considerably th country of origin and kinds of materials tors were relieved of the burden of proo products would increase the net exports of ever, the new rules contained adequate m markets and prevent substitution of barte Stockpiling.--Under authority of the Str rials Stockpile Act of 1946 and supplem accord with directives from the Office monthly purchases of lead from domestic p ing the first half of the year for addition General Services Administration (GSA) administrating agent. The final authoriz lead was issued May 26, 1958 and deliveri end of the year, thereby concluding the program for lead. Quantities of lead in t additions thereto were not published. In cultural Trade Development and Assista 41,686 tons of foreign bartered lead to GS the Government's supplemental stockpile. 638 JO "------------ MINERALS YEARBOOK, 195 8 ---- r Unit d 3>Ol ptrctnl Of world product! on LEAD TABLE 2.-- Ores yielding lead and zinc in the United States in 1958, in short tons ` ITio d s b 1.--Trends In the lead industry In the United States, 1920-58. Consump tion Includes primary re&ned, antimonial, and secondary lead and lead In pigments made directly from ore. Imports are factored to include 95 percent of the lead content of ores, mattes, and concentrates and 100 percent of pigs, bars, base bullion, and scrap. DOMESTIC PRODUCTION MINE PRODUCTION Mines in the United States produced 207,400 tons of recoverable load, 21 percent less than in 1957 and the lowest annual output since 1899. The sharp decline was attributed to growing industry stocks and lower metal prices resulting from decreased industrial consump tion, large imports, and terminations of Government purchases for the national stockpile. Following the downward trend established in the second half of 1957, monthly mine output declined from a liigh of 26,000 tons in January to a low of 18,400 tons in March. A Drief upturn in April was reversed by further production slumps during,the summer months. Following Government imposition of import quotas in October, mine production rallied slightly to end the year with an increasing rate of output. Western States.--Western States contributed 53 percent of mine out put of recoverable lead. However, the Western States total of 142,800 tons was 25 percent less than that of 1957. Declines in indi vidual producing States ranged from 550 tons in Arizona to 18,000 tons in Idaho. m 640 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 Idaho produced 53,600 tons, ranking it first among the leadproducing Western States and second in the United States. The largest production in the State came from the Bunker Hill mine of the Coeur d'Alene district. Operations at this property, as well as the Page mine of American Smelting and Refining Co. were cur tailed during most of 1958 owing to Targe industry inventories and low metal prices. The improved market situation in the last quarter of the year prompted return to a 5-day week at both the Bunker Hill and Page mines. Development of deeper ore continued unin terrupted in most mines of the Coeur d'Alene district. Utah was the second largest producer among the Western States with a recorded output of 40,400 tons. The United States and Lark mine continued to be the largest producer in the State. Among other important producers were United Park City, Mayfiower-Park Galena and Ophir mines. In June DMEA approved a contract for a half-million dollar exploration project seeking deep ore reserves in the Mayflower mine of the New Park Mining Co. Work at the Ophir mine was suspended by McFarland & Hulhngcr, contract miners of the Ophir unit since 1944. Lead output from Arizona mines declined only slightly during the year to total 11,900 tons. The Iron King mine of Shattuck Denn Mining Corp. at Humboldt was again the State's largest producer. TABLE 3.--Minb production of recoverable lead in the United States, by States, in short tbns 1949-53 (average) 1954 1955 1966 1957 1958 Western States and Alaska: Alaska................................... Arizona................... ....... California............................. . Idaho......... ........................................... .. Montana................................. .. Nevada...................................................... New Mexico..................................... Oro*on......................................... ... 8outh Dakota........................................ To ms ........................................................... Utah........................................................... Washington........................ . .. Wyoming................................................. Total....................................................... West Central States: Arkansas...... ............................................. Kansas........................................................ Missouri...................................................... Oklahoma............................................... Total..................................................... .. States east of the Mississippi River: nilnols........................................................ Kentucky...................................................... New York............. .................................. Tennessee...................................................... Virginia................................................... Wisconsin................................................ Total..................................................... Grand total........................... . ... 46 11,906 77,203 60,873 20,029 7,669 4,922 4 72 48,002 0,612 8,385 2,671 17,823 69,302 14, 820 3,041 887 44,972 9,938 1 8] 265 3', 206 3 60,452 10.340 ' T. 49. 666 230,993 171,844 IR2, 461 0 7,494 128.198 16,320 162,021 4,033 125, 250 14,204 143, 487 6,498 125.412 14,126 123] 783 ' 96 1.371 82 2,931 1,375 9,327 392,341 3,232 80 1,187 4, 324 1,265 10,088 325.419 4,544 2,999 1,948 10,628 338.025 '228 3,045 2,582 11,300 362.826 9 140 i*!?? i, 11 < 1 a n^n , U4U ...___ ... 1J0 111 -- 411 610 3,152 10,100 207, 377 ' Includes < tons from North Carolina In 1054, 2 tons In 1055.10 tons In 195#, and 9 tons In 1957. ' Includes 4 tons from Iowa. LEAD McFarland & Hullinger operated the San Xa year. Cyprus Mines Corp. closed its Old D in April. Nash and McFarland leased the F the Trench mill near Patagonia. Washington mine production of lead totale less than in 1957. The Grandview mine of Smelting Co. and Pend Oreille mine of Pon Co. were the major producers. Curtailed ou ures were in force at the two properties but Ores rich in gold and silver from the Ric the Eureka Corp., Ltd., yielded the major p ered from Nevada mines. A significant qu produced as a by-product of processing man The Idarado Mining Co. mine unit in O to be Colorado's largest lead producer. Ne ated the Eagle mine at Gilman on a full company's mine in Eagle County was the St producer. At mid-year Empenous Mining Creede; the first general shutdown in 25 year backs in late 1957 which continued throug fell 33 percent to 14,100 tons. _ Lead production in New Mexico fell ne tons. New Jersey Zinc Co. closed its Hano West Central States.--Output of lead reco in Kansas, Missouri, and Oklahoma droppe tons. As in prior years Missouri was first States of the Nation. Low metal prices d mining operations in Kansas and Oklahoma Despite cutbacks and listless markets, the Missouri Lead Belt produced 113,100 tons o 42 percent of the National total. Output percent below the 1957 quantity, however. A Joseph Lead Co.'s mine-mill units in Marc reduction, contributed to the decrease. Co prompted National Lead Co. to reduce oper in May. In June St. Joseph Lead Co. ann in mine-mill operations, and in July Mine mine and mill unit indefinitely. Although tailed in the district throughout the second sinking1 progressed on the new Viburnum Lead Co. and development was announced Lead output of the traditionally produc Northeast Oklahoma, Southeast Kansas, and 5,000 tons--less than half the 1957 output. pended operations at its Ballard mine nea in January. The mines and Central mill produced at a curtailed rate during the fi were closed completely in July. Thereafte was reported from the Tri-State district m States East of the Mississippi River.--Lea States was derived almost exclusively from which lead occurs in minor quantities. A 3 642 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 output during the year reflected decreases in zinc mining chiefly in Wisconsin, New York, and Virginia. TABLE 4. Mine production of lead in the principal districts ' of the United otates, in terms of recoverable lead, in short tons District or region Southeastern Missouri region... Creur d'Alene region............. West Mountain (Bingham).. ' fark City region...................... Metallne........................ Big Bug.......................... Summit Valley ('Butte)..'"!! Trl-8talc (Joplin region)......... . Austinvflle.................................................. Upper Mississippi' Valley............................... Pima (8lerritas, Papago, TwlnButes) Creeds............................................ Harshaw. ... ' .................................. Kentucky-Southern imnoial!!!................ Ophlr............................................................. ............ Ruah Valley A 8melter (Tooele County)' Pi. Lawrence County......... Tlntlc......................................... .................... Magdalena......... I....!!!!!!.................. Stato 1057 Missouri.................................... Idaho.................................... ............................ Utah................................................................... ........ do............................... I!"""................. Washington.. ................. !.......................... Arizona................................ ........................."" Montano.......................V.l'.ll.l.............. * Kansas, southwestern Missouri! OkTahomo. 126. 323 67, 125 20,490 9. 421 11,971 6.833 0.617 11,462 Virginia.................................. Iowa, northern Illinois, wTscons'ln* ' Arizona........................................... ' Colrrodo......................... !!!!!!*!*!............. Arizona............................................................. Kentucky-southern Illinois'!................. Uta(hio........................................................... i.mu......... New York. . ......................... Utah..................................IIIIIIIIIIII------- New Mexico........................ IIIIIIIII......... 3. M3 3.691 750 2,231 21,, 559405 1.418 1,077 1.067 1,775 1,214 1 Districts producing 1,000 short tons or more In either year. 1058 113, 123 52. 488 27, 446 9, 105 8, 071 57,.712082 4,091 2. 934 1,770 1,397 1,233 1. 163 1,156 885 825 570 388 377 TABLE 5. Twenty-five leading; lead-producing mines in the United States in 1958, in order of output Rank Mine District or region State Operator Type of ore 1 Southeastern St. Joseph Lead Co... Lead. 2 United States A West Mountain Lark. (Bingham). 3 Bunker Hill............... 4 Leadwood.______ Southeastern Utah Missouri........... U.S.8melt<ng. Refin ing A Mining Co. Tho Bunker Hilt Co.. St. Joseph Lead Co... Lcod-zlnc. Lead. 5 Indian Creek............. 6 7 Bonno Terro.............. .........do......................... .....do................ ___ do................. ShfUtuck-Dcnn Min Do. Do. Lcod-zlnc, 8 Star.............................. 9 Treasury Tunnel- Black Bear- Upper San Miguel. ing Co. ' Tho Bunker Hll! Co.. Do. Colorado........... Idarado Mining Co... Copper-lead- Smuggler Union. 10 Page............ ................. Coeur d'Alene____ - American Smelting A Lead-zino. 11 Pend Oreille.............. Refining Co. Washington... Pend Oreille Mines A Do. 12 Butte Mines . Summit Valley. 18 United Park City.. Ulntab..................... Metals Co. Montana.......... The Anaconda Co____ Utah United Park City Do. Do. 14 Desloge......................... Southeastern Mines Co. Missouri........... St. Joseph teed Co... Lead. Iff Lucky Friday........... Coeur d'Alene.. 16 Southeastern 17 Red CU/T (Bettlo 18 Mine La Motte____ Southeastern Idaho_____ Missouri........... ._ Missouri...... Lucky Friday SilverLead Mines. Inc. National Lead Co. . The Now Jersey Zinc Co. St. Joseph Lead Co... Lead-zinc. , Lead-copper. CopperloadLead. 19 Mayflower........... ... SO Grandview................. Utah New Park Mining Co. Washington... American Zinc. Lead Do. 21 Rlchmond-Eurcka. Eureka...... . 23 AiutlavlUe............. A Smelting Co. EurekA C"rp.f Ltd___ Lend; The New Jersey Zinc 23 Sunshine................ 24 Co. Coeur d'Alene____ Idaho.................. Sunshloo Mining Co.. Silver. 28 San Xavtar............. .. Pima............... Sidney Mlnlng_C... Lcod-zlno. McFarland A Hull-, ' Ingcr. LEAD TABLE 6.--Mine production of recoverable lead in in short tons Month 1967 1958 30,218 29,061 30, 962 31, 700 30,104 27,366 27, 306 20,123 23,827 18,440 25,896 24, 628 22,961 21; 142 SMELTER AND REFINERY P Refined lead produced in the United Sta sources--domestic mine production, impor bullion, and scrap material (treated large It was recovered at primary refineries th and small quantities of scrap and at seco scrap exclusively. Refined lead and anti produced by both primary and secondar large quantity of hard lead (such as bat ondary smelters, the output from this typ cipally antimomal lead. The list of primary smelters and refin Lead chapter was unchanged in the first Midvale plant of. United States Smelting was shut down during the last half. One was closed early in the year. Refined Lead--Primary and Secondary.--A of lead in primary raw materials and 34,4 sumed by the 13 primary lead smelters a the United States in 1958. From these refined lead and 47,400 tons of lead in antim Of the 470,200 tons of refined lead produ 57 percent came from domestic ores and ores and bullion (65 percent and 35 perc Approximately 35 percent of the ore imp percent from Union of South Africa, and Primary lead smelters also produced 2 from scrap and secondary lead smelters 1 a total of 586,200 tons of refined and reme TABLE 7.--Refined lead produced at primary ref source material, in shor Source 1949-63 (average) 1954 Refined lead: j From domestic ores and base bullion... From foreign ores............................ .............. From foreign base bullion.......... .............. 376,465 91.688 1.676 322.271 164,863 88 Total from primary sources.................. 468,818 From scrap....................................................... 7.971 486,712 6,060 Total re9nod load...................................... Average sales price per pound......................... Total calculated value of primary refined lead (thousands)1.................. 476,789 $0,152 $144,944 491,778 $0,137 $133,359 1 Excludes value of refined lead oroduaeri from tnren el nrimerv 644 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 Antimonial Lead--Primary and Secondary.--Primary and secondary smelters produced 213,400 tons of antimonial lead m 1958 (199 400 tons lead content)--about 23 percent less than in 1957 Of the primary smelters output of 47,443 tons (lead content), 65 percent came from scrap most of which was battery-lead plates, 18 percent from primary domestic sources and 17 percent from foreign sources becondary smelters produced 152,000 tons (lead content) of antimoma1 lead, 22 percent less than in 1957. Of all lead- and tin-base scrap melted by all plants in 1958, 59 percent was battery lead plates, recovery from most of which was antimonial lead. TABLE 8.--Antimonial lead produced at primary lead refineries in the United States Year Productlon (short tons) Antimony content Lead content by difference (short tons) Short tons From Percent domestic ore From foreign ore From scrap Total 1040-63 (avoreee)................... 1064....................? . ' 1066...................... 1066.................... 1067............................ 1068.................. * *' .................. ...................... * '' 67,040 10,430 6,136 6,260 6,730 10,271 8,266 6,015 /, Ooi 0,327 9,599 8,100 36,467 43,666 45,903 40.821 44,862 30,997 62.802 66,362 00.480 63.478 64,722 47,443 TABLE 9.--Stocks and consumption of new and old lead scrap in the United States in 1958, gross weight in short tons Class of consumers and type of scrap Stocks beginning Receipts of year Consumption New scrap Old scrap Total Smelters and refiners: Soft lead............................................. Hard lend............... .............. Cable lead........................ ........... Battery-lead plates........................... Mixed common babbitt................. Solder and tinny lead............. ' Type metals.................................... Drosses and residues........................ Total_____*................ ...................... Foundries and otber manufacturers: Soft lead...________ _ Hard lead...................................... Cable lead......................................... Battery-lead plates........................I Mixed common babbitt................. Solder and tinny lead............... Type metals.................................... Drosses and residues........................ Total................................................... Qrand total: Soft lead............... .......................... Hard lead........................................ Cable lead............. ........................ Battery-lead plates.............. Mixed common babbitt................. Solder and tinny lead...................... Type metals................. .............. Drosses and residues..................... Total................................................... , 2,863 43,108 . l.OOfl 15, 623 - 3,273 26.766 17,407 320,027 1.660 6.657 315 11,330 1,661 24,801 22,372 70.000 61,437 810,307 77,234 77, 234 43,026 16,401 26, 816 304,860 6.148 11,264 24,867 433,441 43,026 10,401 26,816 304,8CO 0,148 11,264 24,857 77,234 610,676 127 366 106 363 fll 204 12 110 183 8.200 65 623 180 000 10,126 2 386 388 60 264 304 321 321 10 10 8,088 8.088 667 01 668 238 238 867 9,160 10,007 2,090 2.012 3, 334 17,600 1,833 3/0 1,661 22,737 62,346 43. 464 16,886 26,059 320,137 13,857 11,069 24,801 70,270 626,433 2 60 687 77,472 78.001 43,412 16.746 27,138 304,860 14.236 11,346 24,867 442, 691 43. 414 18.705 27,136 304,860 14, 236 11,012 24, 867 77,472 620,682 Revised figures. Stocks end of year 2, 046 32,074 1,606 16, 228 67, 060 06 166 20 307 1,028 2, 267 32, 786 417 16' 635 68,097 LEAD Other Secondary Lead.--In addition to the scrap as soft lead, and 183,000 tons rec 90,100 tons of lead was recovered in lea metals, babbitts and cable lead), 13,000 and a small quantity in tin-base alloys. All secondary lead recovered in 1958 scrap totaled 402,000 tons, a decrease of tity reclaimed in 1957, and the lowest ondary lead and copper smelters recovere primary lead smeiters 8 percent, and ma 2 percent. TABLE 10.--Secondary metal recovered 1 from le States in 1958, by type of products, gro Products Lead Tin Lead foil....................................... ........................... Total................................ ................................. 03.416 22,642 116,067 3, Total.'............................. ................................ Lead and tin alloys: Antimonial lead....................................... .. Common babbitt............. .............................. Genuine babbitt..................... .................. .. Solder........... .......... ...................... ...................... Type metals................................................ . Miscellaneous alloys................. .................... Total................................................................. Tin content of cbomlcal products______.... Grand total..._______ 182,063 14,777 46 20,710 20.332 24,803 1,472 274,101 37 800,106 8, 6, 2, 0, 14, 1 Most of the figures herein represent actual reported recovery metal content of sblpments.as In years bofore 1050. TABLE 11.--Seoondary lead recovered in the 1949-53 (average) 1064 As refined metal: At primary plants.................................. .. At other plants.................................... .......... 7,072 136,634 6.066 114,041 Total........ ...................................................... 143,606 120,007 In antlmoulal lead: At primary plants......................................... At other plants..............J............................... 36, 467 182,113 43,666 106,284 Total........................................................... 217,670 In other alloys......................................................... 113,044 238,830 122,070 Grand total: Short tons................................................. 474.120 480,026 Value (thousands)^.............................. $144,132 $131,773 646 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 195 8 TABLE 12.--Lead recovered from scrap processed in the United States, by kind of scrap and form of recovery, in short tons / Kind of sorap 1957 1958 . Form of recovery 1967 1958 New scrap: Lead-base................................ Copper-base........................... Tln.hiuM Total . Old scrap: Battery-lead plates............. AH other lead-base.............. Copper-base............................ Total...................................... Grand total......................... 61.536 6.487 323 67.346 255.208 146.265 30,404 0 431.883 489,229 63.456 4,779 28.1 58,518 202.007 123.461 17,795 0 343,269 401,787 As soft lead: At primary plants............... At other plants...;,....... 3,263 123.808 Total...................................... 120. 67] In other lead alloys..................... In copper-base alloys.................. In tin-base alloys.......................... 240.161 95.132 27, 279 96 Total................................... 302,668 Grand total.......... .............. 489,229 1 2,338 113,719 110,067 182,953 90.069 12,673 48 285,730 401,787 i Includes 44,867 tons of lead recovered In antimonlal lead from secondary sources at primary plants In 1067 and 30,007 tons In 1058. CONSUMPTION AND USES Domestic consumption of lead was 13 percent below the 1957 level, the lowest since 1949, and 20 percent below the peak of 1950. Of all lead consumed, 66 percent was soft lead, primary and secondary; 24 percent was lead content of antimonial lead; 4 percent was lead in alloys; 1.5 percent was lead in copper-base scrap; 4 percent was lead content of scrap which went directly to an end product; and 0.6 percent was lead recovered from ore in the production of leaded zinc oxide and other pigments. Monthly consumption varied from a low of 72,100 tons in Febru ary to a high of 92,600 tons in October but in only 1 month (Decem ber) did it surpass or even equal consumption in the comparable months of 1957. Approximately 71 percent of all lead used went to the manufacture of metal products (including storage batteries), 10 percent was used in pigments, 16 percent in chemicals (including tetraethyl fluid), and 3 percent in miscellaneous and unclassified uses. Storage bat teries accounted for 32 percent of all lead consumed, tetraethyl 16 percent, and cable covering 8 percent. These products together re quired 99,000 tons less than was consumed in 1957. . The Association of American Battery Manufacturers, Inc., re ported shipment of 25.2 million units of batteries in 1958 or 3 per cent less than the 25.9 million units shipped in 1957. Nine States accounted for 72 percent of the total lead consumed (excluding scrap) in 1958. New Jersey used 14 percent, Illinois 11 percent, California 10 percent, Indiana 7 percent, New York 6 per cent, Missouri and Pennsylvania each 5 percent, and Louisiana and Texas together 14 percent. LEAD TABLE IS,--Consumption of load in the Unite 1967 Mots! products: Ammunition______ Bearing metals.... Brass and bronze.. Cable covering.... Calking load.......... . Casting metals.... Collapsible tubes.. Foil. Pipes, traps, and bends.. Sheet lead............................. Solder......... ............................ Tome metal.......................... Type metal......................... Total- Storage batteries: Antimonlal lead. Lead oxides___... Total.. 42, 509 20,997 24.491 108. 226 65,034 12,072 10,316 4,839 24.739 27,474 70,084 1.642 28, 720 448,948 185.617 176,398 361,015 1958 40. 216 18,980 20,379 74,981 70,807 8.074 8,432 4.686 23,044 25,104 59,053 1,227 26, 740 382,822 159, 795 152,830 312,726 Pigme W R pi Chem Te M Misce A O Le W Other i Includes lead content of leadod tine oxide and other pigm > Includes lead which went directly from scrap to tabrloate TABLE 14.--Consumption of lead in the Unit Month 1957 1958 January........................................... February.......................................... March.......... .................. .................. April................................................... June.................................................... 102.952 95,788 98,822 96.189 96,443 92,100 85.569 82,385 72,006 77,723 79,969* 76,214 81.131 80,636 Augu Septe Octo Nove Dece i Includes lead content of leadod tine otlde and other pigm to fabricated products. . .. TABLE 15.--Consumption of lead in the Un product and typos of ma L Soft lead an Metal products......................................................... Storage batteries...................................................... 221.128 162,930 90.610 Chemicals...........................................-...................... 162,635 8.784 .. 1 15,538 * Total................................................................. 651,625 1 Excludes 35,883 tons of lead that went directly from scr contained In leaded sine oxide and other pigments.; I 648 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 TABLE 16.--Lead consumption, by States, in 1958, in short tons State Refined soft load Load In nntlmonlal load Load In alloys Tjead In coppor-base scrap Total California........................................ Colorado.................... ... . Connecticut___________ __ . . District of Columbia................. Florida.....____________ .. .. Illinois................................. Indians................................... ... Kansas.............................................. Kentucky.................................. . ...................... Massachusetts........................... . . Michigan....................................... Missouri............................. . . Nebraska____________ .... . Now Jersey........................... . New York...................................... ............. Ohio............................................. ............. Peniuylvanls............................................ Rhode Island..._____ .. t eiiLiussoo....................... Virginia.............................. ... . Washington................................ . West Virginia..................%....................................... Wisconsin........... .......................... Alabama and Goorela. ............ Iowa and Minnesota......... .. Montana and Idabo............................................... New Hampshire, Maine, and Delaware... Arkansas and Oklahoma. ... .. .. Hawaii and Oregon................................. North and South Carolina................................. Louisiana and Texas.................. ... Utah, Nevada, and Arisons...................... Undistributed............................. Total..................................................... 100 1.093 88.330 ' 12 8.600 39.372 11,257 20. m 4, 434 510 81601 13.320 21,122 1,834 10,067 3,678 1,900 67 116,666 90 378 651,626 77 2,662 28. 252 2,'246 8.415 3.200 ' 255 5,100 3.844 2.077 6! 298 946 1.616 2,138 2,359 017 282 241,644 3,217 6, 607 1 714 1 , lrnj 93 307 20 059 12 36,705 898 213 1.070 2,499 662 330 1 608 1.221 38 1.084 2,046 318 981 106 237 170 16.489 93. 462 23,169 186 4,666 104, 688 2,268 17,720 9,735 18.895 43,383 136,481 69,638 38,449 60, 886 4,782 6,334 2,3/1 16,006 3, 726 31,374 8,448 6,819 3, 623 2,420 128,435 713 060 046,363 . ` Excludes J6.8M tons of lead which wont directly from le*d contained In leaded tlno oxides and other pigments. scrap to fabricated products and 6,HI tons of The following States are grouped to avoid disclosure of Individual figures. LEAD PIGMENTS4 A mixed trend was experienced in the major lead-pigment consuming industries, the overall effect of which was a decline in shipments of the reported pigments; the production of automobiles and trucks and consumption of rubber declined 29 and 7 percent, respectively, but construction and production of paints increased' over 1957. TABLE 17.--Salient statistics of the lead pigments 1 industry of the United States 1049-63 (average) 1964 1066 1056 1057 1958 Shipments: White load (dry and In oU).................. short tons.. Red lead..................... do.... Litharge.......... ............ do____ Black oxide*.............do____ 32,165 31,610 140,766 73,802 25,671 27,163 130,877 79,233 $72,846,600 $61,766,000 Value per too received by pro ducers: . 377 347 Litharge......... .......................... ________ 324_ 883 323 303 Foreign trade: Value of Imports.................. 064,600 660.000 872.000 140.000 Export balanoe.................. 414,400 723.000 26,675 20,272 148,611 113,874 $69,133,000 076.000 106.000 781,000 25,608 27.075 131,625 106,056 $67,106,000 1.109.000 1.466.000 -360,000 23.674 26,098 100,788 127,683 ' __ 18,360 21,992 02,165 120,324 1 tM.118,000 $39,442,000 388 364 289 __________277 1.404.000 1.806.000 -492,000 1.094.000 1.759.000 -065,000 i 5rc*u<*o basic lead sulfate; figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data uevuoa ogure. Production. Cu-t4 Parsespisatraendt* by -Arnold M. Lsnsche, commodity specialist and Esther B. Miller, statist!* LEAD Production and Shipments.--Lead consumed lead pigments totaled about 235,000 tons comp in 1957, a decline of 11 percent. White lead, red lead, litharge, and black o refined lead and constituted 99 percent of all The lead content of leaded zinc oxide made preent. Basic lead sulfate is not reported her leaded zinc oxide; lead silicate, inasmuch litharge, is included with litharge. A list of lead pigment manufacturer plants Manufacturer: White lead: ,, EWu.sPto.nFLuellaedr &CoC..o...................-.................................................. Sco^u^tuh John R. MacGregor Lead Co-------------- Chi National Lead CtK... ---------------- Chi Do Perth Amboy, N.J. X>o .......... -......... Phila DoIII........................... St. L Red lead and litharge: Bunker Hill Co., The.............................. Seat EWa.gPle.-PFiuchlleorr &CoC^oT...h..e.....................................................-. Sopoluu Hammond Lead Products Co....... ......... Ham Linklater Co............................................. Mo John R. MacGregor Lead Co............... - Chio National Lead Co------------------------------ Atla D0..... ............................................. . Bro D0 _______________________Char Do....... "II'III"............ -......... . Chi Do "" ' - -.................... - Dal (Morris P. Kirk & Son)................... Los National Lead Co------------------------------ Oa Do -Perth Ambo Do ................ Phila Do St. Louis, Mo. Western Lead Products---------------------- Los Black oxide: ,, Bunker Hill Co., The.............................. Seat Eagle-Picher Co.-------------------------------Jopl Electric Auto-Lite Battery Corp----------Atla Do .......... -............. -..................... Niag Do ...... ......... -................. Oak Do........... i 'l.I.i.-........... ........... Okla Do....... ................................ ............. Owo Do....... . Vinoennes, Ind. Electrio'Storage Battery Co., The......... PM General Motors Corp. (Delco-Remy De Div.). Gould National Batteries................... St. Hammond Lead Produots, Inc............... Ha Linklater Co......................-..................... Mo Price Battery Corp............................ . Ha Standard Electrlo Co.............. .............. San Western Lead Products Co----------------- Los Willard Storage Battery Co....................Clev Do................ ................. .............. . Da Plant closed May 9, 1068. ' 112X707---- K&- 650 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 -- " 18 ~Prduction ttnd hiPment3 of lead pigments ' in the United States 1957 1068 Pigment Produc tion (short tone) 8hort tons Shipments Value * Produc tion (short tons) Total Average Shipments Short tone Value * Total Avcrngo White lead: pry.--.. In ofl i... Red lead.... Litharge........ Black oxide.. 15,280 14,808 7,494 8,676 27,094 26,908 4106.312 4 106,788 I127,583 $6.193, 571 4.072.929 9,566,096 34,315,347 T $416 469 354 321 12. 760 5.548 21,934 92.070 120,324 12. 589 5,771 21,992 92,165 $4, 883, 065 2,692,296 6,363.384 25, 503,104 col.&!iMrabta!10le8d'Ul'8t8andGrange mineral; figures withheld to avoid disclosing individual $388 467 289 277 ! exclusive of container. 4 ItoT&d flgura!* l6ad 0ZUy' but Talue of PMte* TABLE 19,--Lead pigments 1 shipped by manufacturers in the United States, in Year Dry White lead Id oil Total Red lead 1 oxide * 1949-63 (average)................ 1954................... .. ,, .............. 1955......................... ............. 1956......................... ............. 1957......................... ............. 1958..............................' ............. 20,029 12,136 8.336 8,250 8,076 6,771 32,165 26, 671 26, 6/6 25, 698 23, ,74 18,300 31,810 27.163 29,272 27,975 26,998 21,992 149.756 139.877 148.611 131,625 * 100, 788 92,166 73.892 79,233 113,874 106,950 127,583 120,324 confidentialdata. '"d ,Ull8t8 8nd 0rani mlncro" withheld to avoid disclosing Individual compan7 ! ^ro<Juc$lon by battery manufacturers. 1 Revised figure. TABLE 20. Lead ountentof lead and zinc pigments > produced by domestic manufacturers, by sources, m short tons 1957 1958 Pigment Lead in pigments produced from-- Ore Domestic Foreign & Total lead in pig ments Lead In pigments produced from-- Ore Domestic Foreign Pig lead White lead.................... Red lead...................... Litharge......................... Black oxide.................. Leaded sine oxide... Total.. 3,231 3,231 1,253 1.258 18,219 24,661 1 98,870 124,109 265, 769 18.219 24,561 1 98.870 124.109 4.484 * 270, 243 ............................. 2,675 2,675 727 727 14,646 19,'883 85,625 116,228 235,882 Total lead In pig ments 14,646 19.883 85.625 116,228 3,402 238,784 company confident! * Revised figure. Consumption and Uses--White Lead.--Paintmaking required 83 ner19B7 0f<?MnW Ut? e.ad 8h,Pn?ents in 1058 compared with 82 percent in 1957. Shipments to ceramics makers furnished 1 percent of total distribution in 1958 Other uses for the pigmente w"re u plas ticizers, stabilizers, base for dry colors, and unspecified purposes. LEAD A substantial part of the unspecified under paint. Basic Lead Sulfate.--Substantial quantit as an intermediate product in productio Red Lead.--The paint industry receive shipped in 1958 compared with 59 perc classification consisted of storage batte Unspecified uses. Orange Mineral.--No production of th 1958. Litharge.--Battery makers continued'to shipped to industry; chrome pigments 4 percent, oil refining 3 percent, rubber 1 88 percent' was classified as "Other" whi teries, ceramics, insecticides, floor coverin lead chemicals, and unspecified uses. Battery makers produced 120,000 ton monly termed black or gray suboxide, fo filling the interstices of battery plates. ` TABLE 21.--Distribution of white lead (dry and in short tons Industry. 1949-63 (average) 1954 19 Total...-....................... 20,835 1,224 4,106 32,165 20.929 487 ' 4,165 25,671 1 2 1 Excludes basic lead sulfate; figures wlthh&ld to avoid disclo 1 Includes the following tonnages for plastlclzerv and stabilise 4 Figures for plasticizers and stabilizers withheld to avoid discl TABLE 22.--Distribution of red-lead shipmen Industry 1949-63 . (average) 1904 10 Paints........................ ............ Total........................ .. ............ 13,239 14,827 799 2,646 31,619 12,668 12,062 1,207 1,326 27,163 1 1 2 2 > Included with " Other." TABLE 23.--Distribution of litharge shipmen Industry ` 1949-53 (avorago) 1054 195 Storage batteries............. .. Ceramics............................. ............ Chrome pigments......................... Varnish.............................................. Insecticides.......................... ........... Oil refining....................................... Rubber..................... ............ ______ Floor ooverlngi.............................. Other................................. ................ Total...................... .. 1 i Inoluded with"Other." 96,658 20,143 9.377 4,741 0,345 6,340 2.286 690 6,177 149,7M 94,656 17,118 4.335 4.162 2.601 3,775 1,768 596 10,966 139,877 90 24 6 6 2 3 1 12 148 Rarliedfigure. 652 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1058 Trices. The quoted price of white lead ranged from 16.50 to 17.75 cents a pound or $330 to $355 a ton; average value of shipments for dry white lead was $388 down $28 from 1957, the in oil variety was off $2 to $467 a ton. The quoted price of red lead ranged from 14.00 to 16.25 cents a pound ($280 to $325 a ton); average value of shipments for red lead was $289 off $65 from 1957. The quoted price of litharge ranged from 13.25 to 15.76 cents a pound ($265 to $315 a ton); average value of shipments for litharge was $277 off $44 from 1967. Foreign Trade.--Imports of lead pigments and salts declined 7 per cent m value and less than 1 percent in quantity, below 1957. Im ports of white lead were nearly eight times greater than in 1957 and closely approached the 814-ton average for the period 1949-53. Imports of red lead and litharge declined 75 percent, and 5 percent, respectively, below 1957. Exports of lead pigments and salts declined in value and quantity 9 and 1 percent, respectively, below 1957. Exports of lead arsenate increased 73 percent above 1957. TABLE 24.--Value of lead pigments and salts imported into and exported from the United States (Bureau of tbe Census] Imports for consumption Exports I960 1967 1968 1956 Dead pigments: White lead............................... Litharge....................... ... Other lead pigments........... $6,980 80,700 *1,388,733 39,241 $26,608 60,040 2, 794,078 16,961 $236,726 13,243 1,609,166 694 $109.628 147,017 768,978 <*) Total....................................... Lead salts: Lead arsenate......................... Other lead compounds___ * 1, 404, 660 1,896,687 1,768,827 1-- -- ~ ~ 1 66,610 16,003 10.770 =HS= 22|874 Total.......................... 66,610 16,003 10,770 698,619 Qrand total......................... 1 1,630,270 1,911,690 1,709,697 < ) ` Beginning Jan. l, 1968, exports not separately classified. 9 Data known to be not comparable to other years. * Data not available. 1967 1968 $273.363 242,106 888,686 0) \ >'$1,094 609 0) _____ _ 18,332 249,627 . 0' 412, 411 (*) TABLE 25.--Lead pigments and salts imported for consumption in the United States ; (Bureau of the Census} Year Short tons White lead (baslo carbon ate) Lead Lead pig Red lead Litharge suboxide ments n.s.p.f. Lead ar senate Other lead com pounds Total value 1949-63 (average).. 1964............................... 1985.............. ............... 1956............................... 1987............................... 1968............................... 814 20 93 724 63 629 3 696 3 761 118 6,371 268 8,118 64 7,712 37 7 28 34 6 78 33 ................r 2 1 Data known to be not comparable with other years. 18 40 $675, 638 00 ` 100,477 362 266,016 269 1,630,270 63 1,911,690 66 1,769,697 LEAD TABLE 26.--Lead pigments and salts exported {Bureau of tbe Census} Short to Year White lead Red lead Litharg 766 006 1,29 961 336 1,28 967 826 1.46 064 362 2,00 812 622 2,60 1 8/440 i Beginning Jan. I, 2968, not separately classified. * Data not available. STOCKS Producers' Stocks.--Stocks of lead at pri which in 1957 had reached the highest poin the survey in 1943, increased by 90,400 ton Although small gains occurred in stocks lead in bullion and stocks of lead in ore dec of refined lead was added to inventories data represent physical inventories at the ownership, and do not include material in p American Bureau of Metal Statistics data tons of bullion in transit to refineries, 1 process at refineries and about 35,000 ton smelters--a total of nearly 300,000 tons o in stock at these plants. Consumers' Stocks.--Consumers' and seco lead decreased 5 percent with all classes of decrease. TABLE 27.--Stocks of lead at primary smelters States at end of year, in sho 1949-63 (average) 1964 Lead in anllmonial lead........................... .......... Lead In ore and matte....... .......... -.................... Total ............... ...................................... 40,936 9, 221 12,869 46,238 107,263 78,928 13,263 14.934 29,924 137,039 TABLE 28.--Consumer stocks of lead in the United of materia], in short tons, lead Year Refined soft lead 1 82,039 73,480 73,673 80,708 76,924 Anti- Unmelted L monlal white lead scrap 37,678 38,081 40,226 89,376 87,611 8,199 2,914 .................... 1166 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS 10 Production and Shipments.--Production of the principal zinc pig ments, of zinc and leaded zinc oxide, and of the principal zinc salts, zinc chloride and zinc sulfate, was adequate for all the require ments of the domestic market. Production of lead-free zinc oxide nnd the leaded variety was down 13 percent and 14 percent, respectively, from 1957 output. The reduced output of lead-free zinc oxide resulted from cutbacks of 7 percent in rubber manufacture. Zinc chloride and zinc sulfate production increased 4 percent and 2 percent, respectively, owing to moderate gains in building activity. The pigments and salts were manufactured from various zinc bearing materials, including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and residues. The zinc in pigments and salts produced directly from ore exceeded 83,000 tons, that in zinc oxide and zinc chloride produced from slab zinc exceeded 13jl00 tons, and zinc in pigments and salts produced from scrap zinc exceeded 35,700 tons. Lead-free zinc oxide was made, by several processes; 66 percent was produced from ores and residues by the American process, 24 percent from metal by the French process, and 10 percent by `Other" processes from scrap residues and scrap materials. Leaded ''.inc oxide was made from ores, zinc chloride from slab zinc and secondary zinc materials, and zinc sulfate from ore and scrap zinc naterials. Three grades of leaded zinc oxide classified according to lead ontent were produced. There was no production of 5 percent or ^ess leaded zinc oxide reported; the more-t.han-5- through 35-percent THOUSRNO SHORT TONS Fio u be 2.--Trends In shipments of zinc pigments, 1910-08. 10 Prepared by Arnold M. Lanache, commodity apeclallat and Esther B. Miller, staMaMcal assistant. ZINC TABLE 18.--Salient statistics of the zinc pigments 1 indu 1949-53 (average) 1954 1955 Shipments: Zinc oxide.................. .short tons.. 141,903 Leaded zinc oxide.. ........... do____ 44, 628 Value of plgmonts................... dollars.. 01,809,000 Valuo per ton received by producers: Zinc oxide................... 270 Leaded zinc oxide.. ........... do____ 278 Foreign Irado: Value of Imports... ........... do____ 464,820 Valuo of exports... ........... do____ 1,845, 149 140, 285 33, 972 60,438,000 256 268 > 475,913 897,0G5 108,641 32,601 68,031,000 258 269 685,186 771,021 66 Export balance... ______do____ 1,390,329 421.162 80,435 1 Excludes llthoponc; figure withheld to avoid disclosingIndividual com * Due to changes In tabulating procedures by the U fl. Department of C comparable to earlier years. . grade constituted the bulk of production; sm produced in the moro-than-35- through 50-perc cent grades. Total shipments of leaded zinc ox 4 percent below 1957. Output in 1958 (comp parentheses) for the 35-percent lead and under tons, and 680 (1,600) tons of over 35-percent le Both ordinary lithopone and high strength ( were made. A list of zinc pigment manufacturers and their is given below: Manufacturer: Zinc chloride: American Cyannmid Co_________ American Smelting & Refining Co. Do-.-J-------- ------- --------------Do......................................... . Do........................... -........... Chemical & Pigment Co., The___ Chemicals Inc___________________ E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co... Do........................................... . Jordan Co__ ____-______________ Mallinckrodt Chemioal Works____ Marathon Battery Co___________ Maryland Pigment & Research Co. Zinc sulfate: Bunker Hill Co......____________ Chemical & Pigment Co., The____ E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co... Eagle-Picher Co., The___________ Mallinckrodt Chemical Works____ Maryland Pigment & Research Co Merck & Co.. Inc_______________ Sherwin-Williams Co., The_______ Tennessee Corp_________________ Virginia Smelting Co____________ Zinc oxide and leaded zinc oxide: American Chemet Corp__________ American Zino Co. of Illinois_____ Amerioan Zinc Oxide Co_________ Chemical & Pigment Co., The____ Eaglc-Picher Co., The___________ Do........ ................. ................... . Monsanto Chemical Co__________ 1168 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 Manufacturer--Continued Zino oxide and leaded zinc oxide--Continued Now Jersey Zinc Co_________________I'nl mcrton, Pa. Pacifio Smelting CoTorrance, Calif. Rohm & Haas Co Bristol, Pa. Royce Chemical Co Carlton Hill, N.J. St. Joseph Lead Co___________ __________ Josephtown, Pa. Sherwin,Williams Co., The____________-- Colfeyville, ICuns. Superior Zinc Corp Bristol, Pn. United Industrial & Chemical Corp---------- Bayonne, N.J. Combined shipments of lead-free and leaded zinc oxide approxi mated 159,000 tons, 9 percent below 1957; shipments of the two zinc salts reported on approximated 99,500 tons, up 8 percent. Shipments of lead-free zinc oxide and the leaded variety declined 10 and 4 per cent, respectively. Shipments of zinc chloride increased 12 percent: there was a slight increase for zinc sulfate. Value of shipments of lead-free zinc oxide declined $1 per ton to $270, leaded zinc was up $14 to $263, zinc chloride increased $6 to $133, and zinc sulfate was down $14 to $146 compared with 1957. ... Consumption.--Lead-free zino oxide.--Total zinc oxide shipments were 10 percent below 1957, primarily because of a reduction of 17 percent in the requirements of the rubber industry which normally consumes half of all zinc oxide. Shipments of zinc oxide to the coated fabrics and textiles, floor covering, and other industries TABLE 19.--Production and shipments of zino pigments and salts 1 in the United States 1067 1968 Figment or salt Produc tion (short tons) Short tons Shipments Value 1 Produc(Ion (short tons) Total Avcrago Shipments Short tons Value * Total Average Zinc oxide ................... . Leaded zinc oxide 1........... Zinc chloride, 60 B.......... Zinc sulfate........................... 162,730 26, 420 01,180 33,762 161,207 24, 203 68,6G0 33,020 $41,007,424 0,028.233 7,405,739 6,308,063 $271 249 127 ICO 132, 604 22,844 63,603 34, 613 135.001 23.288 05,701 33, 737 $30,071,702 6,125. 033 8,754.643 4. 927, 102 $270 263 133 149 Excludes Ilthopooe; figure withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data, * Value at plant, exclusive of container. ,, .. Y , . ...... A a Zinc oxido containing 6 percent or more lend Is classed as Icadod zinc oxldo. In this tablo data for leaded zinc oxide Include a small quantity containing less than 6 percent lead. TABLE 20.--Zinc pigments and salts 1 shipped by manufacturers in the United States, in short tons Year Loaded Zino oxldo zinc oxide Zinc chlorldo (50 Xl.) Zino sulfate 1964... .1......... 1.1................................................................................ 1995.......................................................................................................... I960.......................................................................................................... 1067.......................................................................................................... 1958.......................................................................................................... 141,003 140.285 108,541 164, 055 161,207 135,001 44.528 33,972 32,001 27, Ifrl 24, 203 23.288 68.001 48. 262 64,101 63,201 68, 609 05, 701 21,802 19,027 23,864 32,200 33,620 33,737 * Excludes zinc sulfide and Ilthopone, figures withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confi dential data. zin c TABLE 21.--Zino oontent of zino pigments 1 and salt manufacturers, by sources, in shor 1067 Plgmont or salt Zino In pigments and salts produced from-- Ore Do Formestio elgn Slab Second zino ary ma terial * Totol tlno In pigmoots and salts Zino I p Or Do mestic Zino oxide................... 61,309 Leaded xlno oxide.. 9,699 Total pig ments........... Zinc chloride............. Zino sulfato................ 19,300 6,334 o 19,423 19,423 (') 22,129 122.251 16,933 22,129 138,184 13,873 13,873 <*) 11,948 60,096 9,164 69,260 ( ) 1 Excludes zino sulfide and Ilthopone; figures withheld to avoid disc dential data, 1 These figures are higher than those shown In the report on Socondary Include zinc recovered from byproduct sludges, residues, eto., not classi * Figure withhold to avoid disolating individual oompany confidential d declined to 2,300 tons, 971 tons, and 22,000 tons cent, respectively, in 1958. Shipments of zinc oxide to the paints and increased 2 percent and 8 percent, respectively, ov Leaded Zino Oxide.--Paint manufacturing u leaded zinc oxide. . Rubber and miscellaneous the remainder. . Lithopone.--Lithopone was used in the paint, industry, and in coated fabrics, rubber, floor printing inks. Zino Chloride.--Statistics on end-use distribu are not available. The principal uses of the sa and tinning fluxes, battery making, galvanizin preserving wood, refining oil, and fungicides. Zino Sulfate.--Rayon and agriculture were of zinc sulfate, receiving 60 and 33 percent o basis) respectively. The remainder was con varnish processing, flotation reagents, glue m medicinal trade. Prices.--The quoted price of lead-free zinc o from 14.50 cents a pound to 16.75 cents, carlots the average value of shipments of this commo $1 less than 1957. Leaded zinc oxide average was $263 a ton up $14 compared with 1957; the ranged from 15.13 to 15.50 cents, carlots (about Zinc chloride, 50 B., average value of shipmen to $133. Zinc sulfate shipments declined in val in 1958. Foreign Trade.--Imports of zinc pigments an value and quantity 89 and 90 percent, respectiv pigments and salts imported totaled about 13, quantity imported since 1922. Zinc oxide com these imports. 1170 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1958 , TABLE 82.--Distribution of zino oxide shipments, by industries, in short tons Industry 1049-03 (average) 1954 1055 19C6 1957 1MF-T. Total . ......................................................... 72, 832 32. 437 9,321 6. 750 2,819 17,744 141,003 71.058 31.157 8.090 6.322 1.740 21,009 140,285 86. G77 33,932 10.617 11. 263 2. 281 23,771 108,41 80, 450 32, 485 10. 160 8. 147 1.430 21,908 154,055 81.745 32,005 8,459 3,623 1,219 23,586 151,207 68. ITS 33,335 *006 2,377 971 22,087 135,991 * Includes tho following tonnages for rayon: 1954--0,603; 1055--5,709 (revised); 1958--7,721; 1937--2*838; 1958--1,149. . . .t-s ? TABLE 23.--Distribution of leaded zinc oxide shipments, by industries, in short tons Industry Paints... Rubber.. Other.... Total. 1949-6.1 (average) 48,000 99 629 44.528 1054 1955 83,090 7) 275 33,972 3^ 178 483 32,001 2956 26,825 339 27,104 1957 23,004 299 24, 203 1058 21,031 K7 23,288 TABLE 24.--Distribution of zino sulfate shipments by industries, in short tons Year Rayon Gross weight Dry busts Agriculture Gross weight Dry basis Other Gross weight Dry basis Total Gross weight Dry basis l*M9-63 (average)____ 1954.................................. 1955.................................. 1956.................................. 1957.................................. 1958................................... 9,824 0.615 10.732 21.083 19,903 19,706 7,720 6,740 0,537 18. R25 17,785 17,747 6,549 7.067 8.187 7,051 0,818 11,525 4, 732 0.139 7.080 6,291 8,26! 9,819 6.499 6, 340 4.945 4. one 3.890 2.410 4,846 4.278 3. 722 3. 190 3.465 2,191 21.862 19,027 23,804 32.200 33,020 33,737 17,304 10,157 20.348 28,306 29,511 29,767 TABLE 25.--Value of zinc pigments and salts imported into and exported from the United States [Hurofui of tho Census] Imports for consumption Exports I960 1957 1068 1950 1057 1958 Zinc pigments: Zinc oxide......... Zinc sulfide.... Lltbopone......... Total............... Zinc salts: Zinc arsonnlo.. Zinc chlorldo.. Zinc sulfnic___ Total............... Grand total.. 3770. 150 156,675 * 10.931 11,043, 629 104.930 8. 124 $2, 263.805 01,273 9.307 * 040. 702 1,156, 683 2,304,445 $810,883 o 239,892 I. 080, 775 $085.325 0) 177,801 1. 103,210 2.570 112. 702 84,058 190,330 > 1,110,092 104,408 74.710 179,208 1. 335.801 3,770 92. 046 00,171 156. 093 2,520.438 (') i'1) 0) 0) () (') . <') c) $789,995 o 122, 462 912,457 W (>) o o i Data not ovaflablo. * Data known to be not comparable to otbor yoors. ZINO Exports declined in value (ind quantity 22 spectively, compared with 1957. Exported zin 19 percent, and litliopone down 38 percent. TABLE 26.--Zinc pigments and salts imported for cons States (Bureau of tho Census) Year Short tons Zinc oxide Dry In oil Lltho Zino Zin pone sulfide chlor 1949-53 (average)............^....................... 1954.............................................................. 1955.............................................................. 1956................................................................ 1957.............................................................. 1958.............................................................. 1,687 2,348 3.320 S, 667 5,245 11,720 8 410 11 2 65 100 2 30 205 5 143 510 0 57 342 6 69 295 5 1 Less than l ton. * Data known to be not comparable to other years. TABLE 27.--Zinc pigments exported from the . (Bureau of the Census) Year Short tons Zino LItho. oxide pone Total value Year 1049-63 (average)____ 1954.................................. 1955................................... 5.623 3, III 2,049 11,040 3,013 1.692 $3,045,099 1,351.626 1,072,681 1056...................................... 1057 1068............................ STOCKS National Stockpile.--Inventories in the Nation beginning of 1958 equalled or exceeded the mini were nearing the long-term objective level. Durin of 1958, 34,488 tons of domestically produced zi industry11 to have been shipped to Government a term objective. The total or all such shipments r for 1945 through 1958 was 1,170,951 tons. GSA tons of foreign zinc in 1958, under barter contrac the Agricultural Trade Development and Assis and amendments. The 294,307 tons acquired in under this program were placed in the supplem Producers' Stocks.--Smelters stocks of slab zi at 155,800 tons and reached a peak of nearly 258 of July. Thereafter improved consumption an forced by quotas acted to reduce stocks to 184,0 of the year. n lCImbcrlry, J. L., A Review of the Zinc Industry In the Un American Zinc Institute, 00 Bast Forty-Second SL, New York 10 pp.