Document V3vXKjBMOVayzbgd9q4Q1zndg

Patented Feb. 25, 1941 ,2 232,837 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE f_232,837 KEIECffi OF F<TJ"TTXG CONCRETE WALL ^11 * tvTRF.R..^ Wniicr O. Uruassert, Cloomficltl, Inti. JLjrpficwrimn Januiacy 2C, 1010, Serial No. 315,661 5 Oaimc. (CL 25--155) This Invention s a conimmaniem _m part: n: ary application fried tlorch 3, 1033, S rial No. L2E.653. ari retails: nr building wail members ami pert mrly ra x. tat in 5 vail member, mace of ctamnrme. <nr ceEtenc ana some suitable aggregate. wTner: tme wail rremr.-- ber is to be employed in a slip. ir is mrpesea; nr a ' wide range of temperature ramrer and ttm --.- terior face is subjected to Lite acids x :ne p'^iaue. 10 It has been the experience inrt wmere Lie race portion of the concrete wail .sms: is nacc m the usual manner. detertcrtr.T.i cn sms in ernes m the acid reactions in the wall mensEt nansnas diae . surface of tint member to be ecaietc ewlj. 15 For the purpose of simimmtal surengni car economy, tie concrete waH menicr is n: cement as n binder and aggrrspane surer, as gras-vel. crushed rock or the like, lad urns -guahir-g .ar.uirru Is particularly noted abeem uhe npuregare 25 tirfS3. Heretofore in order to osemes ~fn;s the surface portions of tie wall member mv: been coated with some sort nf an amid repeslserrx or acid resistant material s es u wdthheia: tru 25 acids from contact with the. waS member. Him mode of treatment works erminery sattssractcrriir ei long aa the material may he meld rut rzontaca wrrm the cal] member. It samemmrrs ^"lrs. -wv . Immaterial will contract and Icirrrrn rr rr.:r> crfl If H. were eccacmicur ~oncTstrumturu-ly sound .ar rr do. the wall member could be Tnruy- -nut of reranam alone without an aggregate rDEbaet therrawim and such a wall member wauiib be weary resisemm 25 to the action of the acids cre Uhe ensilage. 7:^ acids would tend tc permcam Uhe rare of the wveli member immediately adjaesnu tie turner cr Parr surface but this penetration, -would igmmg rrrmrl.-- gible in very short order dure uc ii. fret .! v - <0 what little reaction may ccrur. mson becarmej stopped on acccuat of tie Sar. ubnu the malts produced will c.cg up the mumne raares ai us cement and in themselves lorrr a good -arrr' _ seal. Since in th-s erwe tirwe a* mr aEzr~m=rr ^5 present, there would be mr imsrcmng -- as between the cement fccmd tt<r t.he lcrrrt- gate to set up trie chipping nr cirmirr amicu suitlng In the customary srmlluar uof the i. Glctnber. However, as ahrli--r : 50 neither practical nor econom-.m: tr make tie wwi member solely of cement an:: themrure. the: rr-- roent and ep~rcgate concrete mum or pretoerxer in some manner It Is a primary object of dry invmrior. ta m- 53 vide a protective zone adjarrerr. ire lace ci rue wall member which is normally presented toward the ensilage, and to create sucli a zone as wiil be come permanent in nature as an acid resisting medium as well as a medium preventing any ap preciable degree of acid penetration. It is a fur- 5 ther primary object of my invention to provide as a structural part of the wall member rather than as an after application, an acid resistant film to be incorporated directly within the con crete and to be so sealed therewithin as to pre- 10 vent loss of that material due to weather condi tions or temperature changes. These and many other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those versed in the art in the following description of 15 one particular form of the Invention as is illus trated more or less diagrammatically in the ac companying drawing, in which: Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a wall mem ber within a mold: 20 Fig. 2. a detail on a greatly enlarged scale of a section through the inner face portion of the wall member on the linet2--2 in Fig. 1: Fig. 3, a view in top perspective of a finished wall member; and 25 Fig. 4. a section similar to that shown in Fig. 1 but with the finished surface presented at the bottom of the mold. Like characters of reference indicate like parts throughout the several views in the drawing. 30 In the present instance, the wall member 11 being described is that as employed in a silo wherein the thickness would be about two and one-half inches and the width about twelve and one-half inches with any desired length such as 35 two and one-half feet. Preferably the member for tliis use would be provided whh a groove on one side and a tongue on the other for matching when the members are placed one against the other, edge to edge to form Hit* silo. 40 In a suitable mixing mill, sand is heated to a temperature above the inching point of the ma terial to be employed as the acid resisting me dium. Paraffin wax is easily handled, is suffi ciently low .n price to permit its economical use. 45 and has certain Qualities as will hereinafter be come apparent to be an excellent acid resisting medium. To the heated sand is added the melted wax in the desired proportions. This will de pend somewhat upon the sere of the individual 50 grains ol sand, but in practice one particular proportion Is one part by volume of wax to twelve parts of sand. As the wax is mixed through the heated sand, the wax distributes itself throughout tiie same almost Immediately and uniformly with 05 DSW 379496 STLCOPCB4100268 2 little stirring being required. Approxlmnt. _ minutes Is sufficient to complete the wax . -- = of the sand. The sand thus coated and mixed with ::-------- ---- > Is then dumped while hot into a reveIvina : mixer which has already been charged wtr--- nnd cement. The resultant mixture of san cement and water is cluirned and mixed :c: . . = fev.r minutes until a smooth uniform me................ i' obtained. The foregoirs n-.ixture is then ready ------ ~ for the facing layer 17 in the mold 10. IL_ - this facing mixture may be prepared --------------- the following manner. The sand -- . :: I initially heated and then placed with ce"1 ------ the usual concrete mixer to be thoroughly . -- in tile dry state for some such perioerrr: minute. Then while the mixer is turn;: ..... -- paraffin is added and the mixer conn..., 7 migration for a period of about three r- 1 The resultant mixture of sand, come;:1 pp.-ftffin. while still in the heated state. is_x....... ..... ferred to a paddle mixer which contains ~ The paddle mixer is operated for abour. ...,, 5 seven minutes. One particular propone. ingredients, although the invention is nc= limited thereby, is as follows: equal r.r. ___ eemert and sand by volume (a cementx = sand to one bag of cement), fifteen m. = ) paraffin, and only enough water to prc.-------~~ resultant mixture as wall vibrate down to - within the mold. The mixture resulting from either p: c --r is then ready for use in the mold It. 5 "nsuing steps in the molding process may ------ For example, as indicated in Fig. 1, the.___ ::----- concrete constituting the principal pain . member II may be placed in the mold.--------------- and vibrated down to a level to leave an----......- 3 portion of the mold into which the rr_____-- mixture above prepared may be poured am. : piled to a level substantially at the ten :... of the mold. This method forms a faca -- at the top side of the mold. The other p:_. ~ 3 is to place the resultant paraffin mixture: - mold initially, as indicated in Fig. c. vibrate that mixture to a level across in.- __ : f.oor and tlmn add the principal body o------------nr mixture thereover and vibrate it to the ir-----= ) the top of the mold. In filling the mo: ------ be body concrete on top of the facing, t: --- of the mold are filled first over the t mixture. As illustrated more or less diagram:::, -- 3 in Fig. 2. the upper side of the sections. member 11 constitutes the Inside face. " member when it Is positioned in the ------------- In this section, the major part of the rnT i of the wall member is represented by trx------ 3 c-e`e I? ha'lng the particles of aggie^y--........... distributed therethrough and bonded in rr- way by cemont. The facing zone 17 is r sentrd by the smaller particles of sand i ~ having a coating of wax IS thcrearom:.. :x= 3 cement 16 flowed therebetween and dov. -. . an intimate, integral bond with the <- 12. It is appreciated that the majority -- particles of sand 14 will not be dircctrrx------- tacted or bonded with the cement then- 3 but each particle of sand 14 will be see_____ = from that cement by reason of Its ec'.u----- --y film of wax 15. This Introduction of films-- -------- the sand particles in the facing zone form -- gist of the invention. 3 Since each particle of sand Is Isolates. 22,837 the cement by the film of wax therearound, adds coming into the cement from the face by capillary action do not come Into contact with the sand particles. Moreover by reason of the fact that the cement Is actually kept separate 0 from the sand particles, the capillaries In this facing zone arc extremely small and are easily clogged before the adds can penetrate very far. The wax film about each sand particle, of .. course, resists any Invasion of the add and more- 10 over, particularly after the silo member has. been exposed to the weather through & summer, this film upon becoming heated again will actu ally tend to spread through the fine capillaries In and about the sand and form a more or less 15 continuous zone of wax through this facing por tion so that In time the film of wax becomes . somewhat distributed even through the cement intervening between the sand particles. More over when the weather becomes cold, the wax 20 tends to shrink at a greater rate than does the sand and cement, but the wax can not escape and be removed from the facing zone by friction ' and wear since it is entrapped within the shell like spaces between the cement and each grain 25 of sand. Therefore, when the weather warms up again, or when the wall members become warmed by the heat transmitted from the fer menting ensilage, the wax Is still there and upon expansion will refill that spacing. ; 3d In other words, by reason of the unique man ner of introducing the wax Into the facing zone . of the wall member, the wax Is not only placed , more deeply Into the zone than it would be If it . were merely painted or spread on the surface, 35 but the wax is placed there in a permanent fash ion without danger of being scraped off, cracked offi by shrinking, or otherwise lost, . Referring again to the method forming the individual member, the cast member is left in 40 the mold until it is hardened sufficiently that it " may be removed without damage. The removed member is then cured in the usual manner. In- . cidcntaliy by reason of the presence of. the fac ing surface zone, the water does not leave the 45 member as quickly as It would otherwise and, therefore, good curing conditions are extended in a very beneficial manner. ,'. ( . Also it is to be noted that there Is an actual saving of labor in preparing the wall member in 60 the manner stated in that the wax may be intro duced into the wall member as described with less labor than it could be by first putting the member through a heating operation and then immersing it in molten wax so that the wax may 55 penetrate the pores or capillaries of the mem ber. as has been done heretofore. While the process has been described in reference to a silo wall member. It Is, of course, well adapted to other concrete members such as building blocks and 9 the like where a water resistant surface zone is desirable as well as an acid resisting zone. While I have herein shown and described my invention in minute detail, it is entirely obvious that changes may be employed therefrom with out departing from the spirit of the invention and I. therefore, do not desire to be limited thereby beyond the limitations as may be imposed by the following claims. I claim: 30 1. That method of forming a concrete wall member which comprises molding the major thickness of the member, heating and coating a mass of aggregate particles with a paraffin wax film, mixing the film coated particles with cement <5 DSW 379497 STLCOPCB4100269 ,2 232,837 3 and water, applying the resultant mixture to a {ace of said member to form a zone of appreciable thickness thereon, the cement of the mixture bonding with the concrete of the member to form 5 a resultant integral rigid member having a sur * face zone with individual film coated aggregate particles separated by a cured cement bond tlicrearound and between adjacent particles. 2. That method of forming a concrete silo wall 10 member which consists of mixing water, cement and aggregate to form concrete, pouring the con crete into a horizontally disposed mold to a level slightly below the top of the mold, settling and leveling the concrete to bring its upper face into 13 a horizontal plane, heating a mass of sand, pour ing liquefied paraffin wax into the mass in suf ficient amount to thoroughly coat each particle Of sand with a wax film, mining the coated sand while hot with cement pnd water to a smooth JO condition, placing the sand-wax-cement-water mixture over said face in the mold to fill the mold, and allowing the resultant member to set and cure. 3. That method of forming a concrete silo wall 3 member which consists of heating ,a mass of sand, liquefying a mass of paraffin wax, mixing .the wax and sand together while hot in suf ficient proportions to apply an enclosing wax film about each sand particle, dumping the waxed JO sand while hot into a mixture of water and cement to disperse the wax coated particles therethrough", applying a layer of the resultant mixture over the floor of a silo member mold to form a face coating portion thereof, filling the meld over the face portion with a mixture of 5 cement and aggregate, and allowing the cast to cure and dry into a rigid unified member. 4. In a method of forming an acid resisting facing for a concrete wall member which includes preparing a mixture of aggregate, cement and 10 water, those steps which consist of heating and mixing the aggregate and cement together in the absence of the water, mixing liquefied paraffin with the hot aggregate and cement mixture, add ing water thereto, and bringing into intimate J6 contact therewith a body of mixed aggregate, cement and water to form the backing for said facing mixture. 5. In a method of forming an acid resisting facing for a concrete wall member which includes 20 preparing a face mixture of aggregate, cement and water, those steps of heating one ingredient of said mixture in the absence of the water, mix ing liquefied paraffin with that ingredient, mix ing the other ingredient therewith and the water. 25 and backing up that resultant mixture in intimate bonding contact with a mixture of aggregate, cement and water, and allowing the mass to cure into a unitary member. WALTER O. 3RASSERT. 30 1 DSW 379498 Feb. 25, 1941. w. o. brassert METHOD OP. FORMING CONCRETE WALL MEMBERS . Filed Jan. 26. 1940 2,232,837 DSW 379499 STLCOPCB4100271