Document V3GN1Xwp7dqxGnmZOwzzGox6w

Vo,ume 7 NOVEMBER, 1937 Number Setting part of the massive stone roof of the Gotschall Mausoleum on lead plates. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue New York HE William C. Gotschall mausoleum, being erected Tby the Presbrey-Leland Studios, in Woodlawn Cemetery, N. Y., is another example of the use of lead in fine stone-work construction, a practice dating back many centuries. The ancient Greeks and Romans used lead in their massive structures to set the stones, a splendid example of which is found in the columns of the Temple of Apollo, which are still standing. These stones were set in the Seventh Century, B. C. i LEAD, March, 1935). The setting of the roof for the mausoleum presents an interesting application. There are three stone blocks weighing 110 tons in all. which can not be cut accurately enough to be set directly onto the pediment. The load on the pediment would not be uniform and the supporting stone would be broken by the uneven pressure. Lead plates are used, therefore, between the roof and the pediment, making a firm and close-fitting bearing. The plates are 14 'n- thick and about 3 in. wide by 24 in. long, placed approximately 2 in. from the inner edge of the pediment, as shown in the ac companying pictures. The roof is then set on the pediment and a liquid grout poured around the lead bearings. The load is thus evenly distributed. Another use of lead in monument construction is in lettering. Letters are cut into the stone and small holes are drilled into the faces of the letters. A round lead bar, about the size of an ordinary pencil, is placed flat in the letter and hammered down as tightly as possible. It is then polished down flush with the face of the stone, giving a very beautiful and finished LIA25441 WURTS BROS. Two views of the lead bearing plates in posi tion on the slope of the pediment and on top of the side walls. appearance. Letters, such as these, are valued not onlv because of their effectiveness, but also because of their permanence. Their indestructibility has been recog nized throughout the ages. Even in the Bible we find reference to this fact, wherein Job prays that his words may be graven with an iron pen and lead in the rock forever. These applications of lead again show how ad vantageous is its pliability and should suggest other ways in which benefit might be derived from this characteristic. WURTS BROS. Workman placing a lead bearing plate in posi tion on the pediment with one roof piece in place. White Lead Proved Dependable For Hanging Murals HITE lead adhesive was used to hang the an adhesive other than white lead. Two or three davs Wmural paintings in the Delivery Room of the later it was found to have buckled, bulging out in tiny Boston Public Library in January, 1902. and they haveripples and forming large bubbles. These had to he remained in good condition for 35 years, demonstrat slit or pricked and pasted back again using white lead ing the dependability of white lead as an adhesive. adhesive. The two side pieces of the murals were not The paintings, five in number, were done by the late Edwin Austin Abbey and depict the quest of the Holy Grail, from the birth of Galahad until his failure to hung until after the center part had been found dam aged. They were then hung with white lead and gave no trouble whatsoever. gain the Grail. The five pictures are 8 ft. high and range from 6 ft. wide, in the first, to 33 ft. wide in the fifth painting. Over 100 life-size figures are included in the set. the result of four year's research and labor. The paintings are hung by a process called marou- flage. The top of the canvas is tacked along the top of the wall and the canvas rolled up. The back of the canvas was first painted with red lead to give added protection and firmness. The wall was then painted with white lead and the canvas rolled down into posi tion on the wall, very much in the way wallpaper is applied. The adhesive upon drying fixed the paintings as firmly as if they were part of the wall itself. The murals were hung by the Louis F. Perry and Whitney Co., now Louis F. Perry & Sons, Boston decorators. In direct contrast to this excellent performance of white lead adhesive, and showing what may happen when an adhesive that is hot tough enough is used, was the failure, late this August, of part of the new Ellis Island mural to stay in place when hung. The mural, depicting the "Role of the Immigrant in the Industrial Development of America.'' was painted by Edward Lanning, and is 110 ft. long and 7 ft. high. The large center portion of the mural was hung using S. V. HERALD TRIBUNE PHOTO Repairing the part of the Ellis Island mural not hung with white lead. The bubbles and ripples were pricked open and put back with white lead adhesive. L IA2544 p [3] Cracked Fixtures Prevente Two New York apartment buildings in which lead bends are used for all toilet connections. Emery Roth is architect jor building at top, and Charles Kreyborg for one at bottom. L. Michel Plumbing and Heating Corp., plumbing contractors jor both. New York Apart y-. s^OftflGCtloi HAT cracked water closet bowls can be avoided Tby connecting them to flexible lead bends is real ized by many architects and plumbers and is well il lustrated by the new New York apartment houses shown here. In these three buildings of completely fireproof construction, all water closet connections in the several hundred bathrooms are lead. Building settlement, vibration, and expansion and contraction of building materials are bound to bring about differential movement of the component parts of the building. If china closet bowls are connected to a Lead bend installed in one of the partially com pleted apartments shown on this page. hard rigid material this movement may, and frequent ly does, crack the bowls. Expensive replacement and often unsanitary conditions are the result. Flexible lead bends yield sufficiently to take up this movement without damage or strain either to the fixture or the connection. This applies to stall urinals and to wall hung fix tures as well as to the conventional water closet. An example of the excellent service provided bv lead con nections to wall hung fixtures is Ludden Hall of Do mestic Science in Bakersfield, Cal., a locality where movement may be quite large. Batteries of wall hung closets and urinals were installed with lead connec tions in that fireproof building sixteen years ago and no trouble has been experienced since. In fact, Bakers field's plumbing code permits no other type of connection. To the protection of fixtures provided by the flexi bility of lead are added other advantages. Fixtures j i i ! Lead Makes A Tamper-1 I EAD seals are used to fasten L_the tops of money bags to protect them against tamper ing. The seals are about % in. square and i/8 in. or more thick, each weighing about Yo oz. Four holes are bored hori zontally through them and through these is threaded a piece of waxed string, form ing a double loop at one end and a single loop and two loose ends at the other. From the center of one end of the lead a 34 in. nail protrudes. Currency en route to the Federal Reserve Banks is thrown into white canvas money bags which are stamped with the name of the sending bank. The double loop is slipped over the neck of the bag and LIA 2 544 3 [41 reventdFlexibility OF Lead Bends Cork Apart iuses Use Lead Connection athrooms l.udden Hall of Domestic Science in Bakersfield. Cal., where lead connec tions have given excellent service jor sixteen years. Lead bends are re quired by many plumbing ordinances, including Bakersfield?s, because they are flexible and durable. are set more easily and quickly because the lead bends may be bent slightly to make up for slight inac curacies in measurements. The durability of lead when exposed to such corrosives as hydrogen sulphide and ammonia found in soil systems is axiomatic and as sures long freedom from trouble and permanently sanitary conditions. Also the smooth inner surface of both lead pipe and wiped joints offer little oppor tunity for solids to lodge and clog the pipe. By specifying lead connections for all fixtures, ar chitects can prevent damage and obtain the most dur able and trouble-free installation. In so specifying lead, a provision should be included to require that all lead to be embedded in or to pass through concrete be wrapped with tar paper or coated with asphaltum to prevent possible corrosion by free lime while the cement remains green. No danger of this corrosion exists after the concrete is thoroughly cured. Another advisable feature of the specification is to require that amper-Bfc Seal For Currency Bags ng the lead seall beii the nail is pierced through the bag to prevent the seal from being moved up or down. The loose ends are drawn out. tightening the double loop around the bag's neck. Then the seal is placed in a press which further draws the cords around the neck and at the same time squeezes the lead WURTS BROS. ' bags before and after into the shape shown in the photograph, imbedding the string firmly in the seal so that it can not be moved. The press also stamps the lead seal with the name of the bank, department num ber, and teller's identification. In this way, it is im possible for anyone to tamper with it without damag ing the seal noticeably. Lead's pliability and softness makes its use possible for such seals. the brass ferrule to which the lead is connected have an inside diameter equal to the outside diameter of the lead and that the lead pass entirely through the fer rule and be turned back over the bead on the end. This presents only one metal, lead, to the polluted water, and reduces the danger of both galvanic action and normal corrosion. It also makes possible a stronger joint and better seating of the ferrule in the hub into which it will be calked. No lead bends lighter than those known to the trade as "extra-heavy" should be used. These weigh 8 lb. per running ft. when 4 in. in diameter. Use of bends stamped with the "Lead Industries' Seal of Approval" is assurance of proper quality and weight. A new Sew York apartment building in which all toilets are connected to lead and all con cealed traps are lead. H. S. Feldman, architect. Farr Plumbing Co.. Inc., plumbing contractors. LIA25444 [51  tfcAL Q/r @"*^5*13 ^flPROVM- New Standards For Calking Lead ** Of nS^silD ''PPROVPl- ECAUSE the flexibility and durability of calked B lead joints are so essential to satisfactory cast- iron water main, sewer and plumbing installations. Arsenic, Antimony and Tin together. .0.015 per cent Copper...................................................... 0.08 per cent Zinc ......................................................... 0.002 per cent the Lead Industries Association recently adopted rigid Iron.......................................................... 0,002 per cent standards for calking lead and is making arrange- Bismuth ................................................... 0.25 per cent ments for producers to use the `'Lead Industries' Seal Silver........................................................ 0.02 per cent of Approval" on calking lead meeting these standards. "The producer's name or identification mark shall Therefore, if buyers or specifiers of calking lead will shall be clearly cast or stamped upon each piece of insist on material bearing this Seal, they will be as- lead for calking purposes or, in the case of lead wool sured of lead of proper purity to make the highest or other forms that can not be so marked, shall appear quality job. It is the same arrangement that was sue- upon the label or package." cessfully put into operation at the beginning of 1937 Users may either employ this entire specification for for lead pipe, traps and bends. calking lead or may accomplish the same result mere- To give lead the necessary flexibility and durability. ly by insisting that the lead bear the "Lead Industries' certain impurities must be sub- Seal of Approval." stantiallv excluded. With this The superiority of lead for in mind, the standards were es- JR jointing cast iron pipe is strong- tablished and are as follows: ly evidenced by the many severe Specification for Calking Lead , tests to which it is put in serv- Lead for calking purposes ^ shall contain not less than \\ *4%? 'ce` It takes up settlement with- ^jS out damage to pipe or joints, is 99.73 per cent pure lead. Im- unaffected by thiobacilli, and purities shall not exceed the permits electricity to (low be- following limits: M tween lengt SSL m Xj m\ .24^. il Three views of water main installation at the Newark, N. J. airport using calking lead in all joints. [6] **5 electrolytic corrosion which often results if non-con ducting joints are used. An example of reliance on lead joints in severe service is a water main installa tion recently made at the Newark, N. J., airport. It consists of 7,500 ft. of 20 in. and 500 ft. of 30 in. pipe, all jointed with poured lead. The line is in. marshy, reclaimed land, beside a highway carrying heavy traf fic, and is, therefore, liable to considerable movement, which will be provided for by the lead joints. They will also endure despite the attacks of corrosive sub stances like salt water in the ground at that location. Under such exacting conditions and since excellent service is to be expected of lead joints, it is essential to use lead of good quality. The new standards and "Seal of Approval" will aid users to get calking lead that will give maximum performance, just as the same Seal on lead pipe^ traps and bends is helping to as sure long, trouble-free performance of these products. SEAL OF (Q) HAD INDUSTRIES') APPROVAL White Lead Paint Found a Valuable Selling Point HEN houses are built for resale, the architect Wwill find that the use of white lead paint assists in presenting the dwellings most attractively to pros pective purchasers. When white lead has been em ployed, the buyer knows that the paint will endure, will provide the building material with protection from excessive and undesirable weathering, and will retain its charm and appearance. No matter how care fully a building is erected or how excellent the qual ity of building material, the main impression is reg istered upon the eyes. Consequently, a fine paint job,, like a well designed package, is of great advantage in selling a house. In the same respect, the splendid fin ish obtained through the use of white lead, sets off the skill and technique of the architect to its best advantage. Another Randolph Evans' house. Pure white lead paint shows off the architect's design to its best advantage. Mr. Randolph Evans, of New York, architect for many development projects, as well as private homes and estates, specifies white lead and is a firm believer in its dependability. "My experience has shown me that white lead and oil exteriors never result in complaints from clients which plague the architect when poor quality paint is used; furthermore, the beauty of white lead interiors provides a most attractive complement for the archi tect's design." Mr. Evans' statement emphasizes the possibilities of white lead for interior painting. Many pleasing and harmonious effects may be obtained by tinting white lead to a wide variety of shades and colors. Stippling, blending and other treatments augment the scope of decorative styling. White lead paint brushes and flows easily and has a high spreading power, covering from i One of the charming houses designed by Randolph Evans, a strong advocate of pure white lead paint. 700 to 800 square feet per gallon making it an efficient and inexpensive medium for decoration. [7] LI425446 Lead Tubes Keep Printing Inks From Skinning I EAD tubes are used by The InI ternational Printing Ink Cor poration, as containers for printing inks. The main advantage of this form of container is that it reduces the possibility of waste by eliminat ing "skinning" of the ink. The small job printer is often unable to utilize all of the ink contained in a can on one piece of work and upon standing, the ink "skins", hardens, and is rendered useless. This is eliminated by the tube which keeps the ink away from hardening in fluences and enables the printing jobber to re-use his ink secure in its original texture. In the manufacture of these tubes, circular disks are cut out of sheet lead, the thickness and diame ter determined by the size of tube to be produced. The disk is then placed in a female die the shape of the top of the tube. A male die, the size of the inside diameter of the EVERYDAY BLACK ' HRNtllO'M tNfc t OftPQBAltO* Lead tubes make attractive and efficient containers for printing inks. They prevent waste by skinning and hardening. tube, is forced onto this under high pressure and the lead disk is ex truded up the male die, forming the tube. From this press, the tube is shifted to a cutting and capping machine which puts on the screw cap and shears off the extruded tube to the correct length. The tubes are now shipped to the user where automatic machines fill the tubes through the open bottom which is afterwards rolled up and tightly compressed, making an air- and moisture-proof container. Lead tubes are easily rolled, re sist corrosion from both outside and inside, and the softness and flexibility of lead reduces the de structive cracking of the walls. They can be easily decorated and together with the low cost of lead tubes, these factors combine to pro duce a durable, efficient and attrac tive package for preserving perish able substances. The Following Companies are Represented in the Lead Industries Association: Al p h a Me t a l & Ro l l in g Mil l s , In c ., Brooklyn, N. Y. Th e Ame r ic an Me t a l Co ., Lt d ., New York, N. Y. Ame r ic an Sme l t in g & Re f in in g Co ., New York, N. Y. Th e An d r ew s Lead Co ., In c ., Long Island City, N. Y. Ba k e r Lead Mf g . Co ., Worcester, Mass. Bu n k e r Hil l & Su l l iv a n Min in g & Co n c e n t r a t in g Co ., Kellogg, Idaho. Cambr id g e Sme l t in g Co ., Cambridge. Mass. Cer r o d e Pas c o Co pper Co r p., New York, N. Y. Ch ie f Co n s o l id a t e d Min in g Co ., Eureka, Utah. Cr o w n Me t al Co ., Milwaukee, Wis. Da y r o c k Min in g Co ., Wallace, Idaho. Dic k s o n We at h er p r o o f Na il Co ., Evanston, III. Div is io n Lead Co ., Chicago, 111. Th e Ea g l e-Pic h er Lead Co ., Cincinnati, Ohio. Th e El e c t r ic Au t o -Lit e Co ., Toledo, Ohio. Eu s t o n Lead Co .. Scranton, Pa. Fed er al Min in c & Sme l t in g Co .. New York, N. Y. Fe d e r a t e d Me t a l s Div is io n , Ame r ic a n Sme l t in g & Re f in in g Co ., New York, N. Y. Th e Fl e mm Lead Co ., In c ., Long Island City, N. Y. W. P. Fu l l er & Co., San Francisco, Cal. Ga r d in e r Me t a l Co ., Chicago, 111. Ge n e r a l Le a d Ma n u f ac t u r in g Co ,, Denver, Colo. Go l d s mit h Br o s . Sme l t in g & Re f in in g Co., Chicago, 111. Ha mmo n d Lead Pr o d u c t s . In c ., Hammond, Ind. Hec l a Min in g Co ., Wallace. Idaho. Her c u l es Min in g Co ., Wallace, Idaho. Hu d s o n Sme l t in c St Re f in in g Co .. Newark. N. J. Imp e r ial Ty pe Me t a l Co ., Philadelphia, Pa. In t er n a t io n al Sme l t in g & Re f in in g Co . (Anaconda Sales Co. Agents), New York, N. Y. Th e Jo h n s t o n Tin Fo il & Me t a l Co ., St. Louis, Mo. Ka h n Br o t h er s , Brooklyn, N. Y. Ka n s a s Cit y Sme l t in c Co ., Kansas City, Mo. Th e Le w in Me t a l s Co r p., East St. Louis, 111. Ma r k s Lis s ber g er & So n , In c ., Long Island City, N. Y. Me t a l s Re f in in g Co ., Hammond, Ind. Nas s au Sme l t in g & Re f in in g Co ., In c ., New York, N. Y. Na t io n a l Lead Co ., New York, N. Y. No r t h Ame r ic an Sme l t in g Co ., In c ., Philadelphia, Pa. No r t h w es t Lead Co ., Seattle, Wash. Th e No r t h -We s t e r n Me t a l Ma n u f a c t u r in g Co ., In c ., Minneapolis, Minn. Pa r k Ut a h Co n s o l id a t ed Min e s Co ., Salt Lake City, Utah. Re y n o l d s Me t a l s Co ., New York, N. Y. Ro c h es t er Lead Wo r k s , In c ., Rochester, N. Y. St . Jo s eph Lead Co ., New York, N. Y. Sh e r ma n Lead Co ., Wallace, Idaho. Th e Sh e r w in -Wil l ia ms Co ., Cleveland, Ohio. Sil v e r Kin c Co a l it io n Min e s Co ., Salt Lake City, Utah. Sil v e r s t e in & Pin s o f , In c ., Chicago, 111. St a n d ar d Ro l l in g Mil l s , In c ., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ta ma r a c k St Cu s t er Co n s o l id a t ed Min in c Co ., Wallace, Idaho. Tin t ic St a n d ar d Min in g Co ., Salt Lake City, Utah. Un it e d Ame r ic a n Me t a l s Co r p., Brooklyn, N. Y. Un it e d St a t e s Sme l t in g Re f in in g & Min in g Co ., In c ., New York, N. Y. Wh it e Me t al Ro l l in c & St a mpin g Co r p., Brooklyn, N. Y. Win c h es t e r Re p e a t in g Ar ms Co ., New Haven, Conn. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY. FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE, WITHOUT OBLIGATION, IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LI A2 5447 PRINTED b y PUBLISHES* PRINTING CO. NEW YORK, U.S.A.