Document V322aKeyN8xX38eBDrxQOQddj

6c?taaber, 1341 Ii EXHIBIT , I Nevrs Items 696 Americas Conference on Industrial Health Meets November 5 and 6. Under the auspices of tie American. Association of Industrial Physicians and Surgeons the American Conference on Industrial Health will hold its Second Annual Meeting on November 5 and 6, at Chicago Towers, Chicago. The opening session will be a symposium on the technical problems of industrial health on the basis that health supervision in industry involves two great principles: (1) the adjustment of the working environment to the employee; and (2) the ad justment of the employee to the working environment, including also the human environment. The technical problems are the result of *he application of those principles, and run the whole gamut of public health as applied to industry. The afternoon session will be a symposium on the economics of industrial health, including: (1) organization and cost of a health service, and (2) dis cussion on the value of industrial health service to the employer, the employee and the public. The morning of the second day will be given over to a symposium on the social implications of industrial health, discussing bow far en indus trial health service should go; are hospital and medical care plans related to industrial health service in any practical way; does legislation play a part in this problem; and the evaluation of labor turnover, spoilage, and lack of train ed men, together v/ith the experiences of management and the interests of insur ance carriers in the medical and social problems presented. 697 Special Course in Industrial Hygiene Offered at University of Pennsylvania. In order to provide trained industrial hygiene. st3 to meet she needs of expanding health and safety sorvices in the defense industries, the University of Pennsyl vania offers a course of instruction, of twelve weeks duration, in Industrial Hygiene. The course will be given under the auspices of the Engineering, Science and Management Defense Training Frogrom of the U.3. Office of Education and i3 open to graduates in engineering, chemistry or allied sciences. Subjects covered in the course include: Principles of industrial hygiene, industrial hygiene laboratory methods, industrial ventilation, safety engineer ing, administration of industrial health services, industrial psychology and statistical methods. Presentation of the courso is contingent upon the en rollment of a satisfactory nunber of students, (which will run from October 27, 1341 to January 17, 1342). Applications for admission to the course should be addressed to: Theodore Hatch, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2 Lerai levelcements ~gQ Inhalation of Vacarited Lena Pilot, lead Poisoning, Accidental Respondent worked half r. day with petitioner on July 25, 1340, and experienced some aisccnfort and requested a respirator which the petitioner furnished Put which by reason of its age and condition, v/as only partially affective. Respond ent worked the follctang day and skipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days mere with lead paint and two days with alunin-m paint which had no lead content. The respondent testified that he began to have stomach cramps and muscular pains on the third da7 but that he thought tha-t 'h'Sis difficulty was due to the confined space in vrhich he was working and the intense heat. Respondent returned to his heme July 31st and his condition become such as- to require medical'-attention. An injury to an employee engaged in a hazardcus employment in consequence of exposure to and inhalation of vaporized lead paint discharged by pressure spray gun ever a short period of time which results in acute lead poisoning is sufficiently certain and definite in point of time to constitute an accidental injury. Award of compensation for tem porary disability sustained. C.Z. Howard M Co. ot al. v. McHay et si. Gkia. Suprme Ct. Docidcd September S, 1941. ICCH). 699 Eye Burn Resulting From bcrosige to Arc-Light Flashes. "Accident" V.'ithin the Meaning of the Act. line of Ccc'orrer.ce ef the Accident. This controversy involves a claim for compensation for an eyo bum, ^conjuncti vitis,'1 resulting from exposure to arc-light flashes while the employee wa3 working near some welders. The Industrial Commission found in favor of tho claimant and awarded compensation. Nc permanent disability is involved, the natters presented being the happening of an accident, and the question as to which of two insurance carriers is liable should it be judicially determined that the employee sustained a compensable accidental injury within the meaning cf the V'orkmen1s Compensation Act. It is undisputed that the Groat American Indemnity Company, plaintiff in error, was tho insurer of the employer for this hazard until noon, May 11, 1940. The company denies liability after this date, and asserts that the State Compensation Insurance Fund became tho carrier of the risk. The Industrial Commission found that the accident occurred May 10, 194C, The points urged as requiring reversal arc that there was no accident within the meaning of tho Workmen's Compensation Act; if there 7/as an accident the dis ability did not extend over ten days; the accident occurred some time after noon May 11, 1340, at which time plaintiff in error was not the carrier of the risk. Counsel for tho indemnity company first contend for nonliability, in that claimant suffered from an occupational disease rather than an accident. If claimant had been working as a welder thoro perhaps would be sene b-.sis for the contention advanced. He was engaged in doing general work; nor was this injury, under tho circumstances, to be expected in tho usual course of events. There is cmplo testimony to support the finding that the disability was compensable from Juno 5 to July 5, 1940. There is no dispute that- the;injury Xor ''hich en- ployces sought compensation was present May 10. The commission was warranted, as a reasonable inference therefrom, in finding that claimant's eye condition resulted from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that dace, or within a reasonable time prior thereto. The judsp-.ent is affirmed. Croat American Indemnity Co. v. State Ccr.ncnsr.ticn Insurance Fund ot al. Colo. Supreme Ct. Decidca September 2, 1341. ;CCHj. --Annual Meeting-----jjov. 12 and 13--- Digest of industrial Hygicne - v xo Death of State Hiuhwav Department Hmloyce from Lcba: Pneumonia. Question Whether Death was Accroximateiy Caused by t:.c Zarsio;* MaiCinncr., while an enpioyco of tac harts. Dakota stat. sigsway department an an engineer, died from lobar pneumonia. The plaintiff, his wife, applied to the bureau for compensation. From judgment for the plai; tiff, defendant appeals. Tho deceased worked in snow prevention work. The deceased had a cold for sometime. He drove in an automobile to his heme, a distance of approximately one hundred miles. The following day, the doctor diagnosed his case as pneumon ia. The solo question iicre is whether the plaintiff has shown the lobar pnetsenia was "approximately caused by the employment." In the caso at bar, there was nothing unusual in tho work of the deceased, fust when he was inocu lated by the gozm no ens could tell. The Workman's Compensation Act docs net cover diseases contracted by an employee outside of his employment; and where compensation is sought on the theory that the death of the employee ras caused by disease, it must be shown that the disease was approximately caused by the employment. '.There tho alleged origin of such disease is purely speculative and the disease may equally well have been caused by factors unconnected with the employment, the burden of proof has not been sustained, and no compensation can be allowed. Tho plaintiff has failed to she?/ that the disease from which the worker died was approximately caused by his employment. Judgment reversed. McKinnon v. 1:.D. Vfcrtoon*s Ccrttcnsaticn Bureau. N.D. Supreme Ct. Decided August 28, IS**!. (CCaj. XI Silicosis. Poor Ventilation in Mine. Insufficient Equipment. Occupational^ Disease. These arc appeals by Hhv/ard, Connell, Johnson, Stevens, Vcight and Williamson from orders, respectively, of the Industrial Accident 3ocrd denying compensation. All six worked in tho defendant company's Mayflower Mine and subsequently sought worizten' s compensation for silicosis suffered by reason of their employment prior to Juno 1939. The six cases were consolidated for trial. The record presents one question, is the disease suffered, silicosis, an occupational dis ease, that is to say, one which inheres in the particular employment, which can not be prevented by reasonable means? Tho evidence is undisputed, and the board found that blasting operations in defendant's quartz mine wore generally carried on just before the closo of each work shift; that blasting operations erected much dust and saoke and fumes; that there was always more or less silica laden dust in the air in tho vicinity where drilling operations and blasting were carried on; that after the spring of 1238 the underground ^ployces of the com pany ate their lunch at the various station levels by the shaft. Hero it is un disputed tho Mayflover Mine wa3 not provided with any mechanical ventilation whatever after May, 1933; that the company did not install exhaust pimps or fil ters of any typo; that in the absence of mechanical ventilation it lid not pro vide masks for its underground workers, notwithstanding the fact that the air way was partially blocked and the natural circulation thereby impaired. The company provided wot drilling equipment, but that, as the rectird indisputably shows, was, in and of itself wholly insufficient to protect the workers from silicosis. As to tho law in effect when the disease was contracted, whether the contraction of silicosis shall, or shall not, be deemed to bo accidental depends "on the particular circumstances of the ease and accidental features, or the absence thereof." There was accidental injury here. Silicosis is in large part preventable by one dovice cr another. Claimant is clearly and unquestion ably entitled to recover compensation. The causes arc remanded, -with directions to tho Board to award compensation in accordance with the grade of disability it found claimants suffered. Howard v. Texas Owyhee Mining M Development Co. Idaho upraae Ct. Decided July 17, 1341. (cck). digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 7C2 Silicosis. Recovery of Cormon-haw liability for Negligence. At*amnt from Insurance Currier. No Accucnt. I: appears that cae plaintiff, defers the institution of tae suit at bar, had secured a judgnent against his former employer, the National Iron Company, for damages on account of having contracted silicosis by reason cf the negligence of the employer in its failure to obey and ccir.piy with certain statutes cf the State of Minnesota designed for the safety and weil-b3ing of employees in cer tain types of industry. The plaintiff alleges his inability to collect his said judgment from his former employer, and brings this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, contends that said policies only cover liability for injuries sustained by accident, end that plaintiff s condition v.as caused by disease. Thore are raised by the pleadings but fra questions for the Court to determine on this motion: first, whether the policies cover liability fer all injuries or only those sustained by accident, and, second, v.-as plaintiff s injury sustained by accident. In the case of Golden v. Lerch Bros. Inc., the facts are almost identical with those of this case. The Court in the Golden case said: "The recovery of Golden against his employers v;as not under the compensation law. It was exclusively on their common-law liability for negligence. That tort functioned hnrnfully, not through or because of accident, but ratbor and exclusively by insidious and chronic disease, in the causation cf which there wn3 no accident." The Minnesota Supreme Court has determined the precise questions raised here, contrary to The motion of the defendant is granted. 3ch.um.an v. Libertv Mutual Ins. Go. U. S. Dirt. Ct., Dist, of Him. decided August 25, 1341. (CCK). 703 Occupational Diseases. t-'orkmen's Compensation Law Supplement, New York State Department of Labor, p. 14, 1940 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. A mechanic who tested a large number of automobile motors each day in an ill-ventilated rocr. became blind as a result of optic neuritis. The Industrial Board found that the blindness resulted from exposure to toxic amounts of CO from running motors and thnt the claimant's condition was an occupational disease covered by this paragraph. The finding was affirmed. "Any and All Occupational Diseases." The following diseases were held compens able under thi3 paragraph: Arthritis, traumatic, of the wrist, suffered by a pressor who used a 12 lb. iron, traumatization being caused by the repeated pressure involved. Award was based on the proportionate loss of the use of the hand. 3rcnchial astlaaa, suffered by an automobile spray painter. Bronchitis complicated with asthma contracted by a tunnel worker. Bell's palsy suffered by the driver of an open truck and attributed to exposure to drafts, cold and wind, necessitated by his employment, Dupuytrea's contrac tion sustained by a marble polisher required to tighten and loosen clamps. 7C4 Slight Deviation from Duty. Annotations, p. 29, Workmen'3 Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every slight deviation from an employe's duty will deprive him .or his depend ents of their right tc compensation under the V/crtaen' 3 Compensation Law. There is a distinction between negligently doing an authorized act end doing an un authorized act or one beyond the employe's job. The first docs not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whereas the latter does. If the injury' cr risk of injury is incidental tc employment, the right to compensation fcllcws. (Stratton v. Interstate Fruit Co., 47 S. D, 452, 199 N.V.'. 117). --Roncabor the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- ligeca cf Inndduusstrial Hygiene - 5. 7C5 Disease: "Injury bv Accident." Annotations. p. 26, iVorioen' 3 Compensation law, uo ut n xuko x a, a - lx Encephalitis, causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual exer tion, exposure and exhaustion, was held to constitute "injury by accident.'* (Kanzlik v. Interstate ?ov;er Co, 6? c.D. 69 N.'.V. 569). jjOTD: It has been called to our attention by one of our member companies that in item =427, Dune, 1941 issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enactment in the State of '.Vashington of Chapter 235, 1941, the -wording is so framed as to bo apt to give the erroneous impression that such act did not repeal the schedule of occupational diseases previously contained in the lav; (Sec. 7679-1 cf Remington's Revised Statutes) and consequently that such schedule is still part of the law, whereas such act of 1941 expressly emended said Soc. 7S79-1 of Remington's Re vised Statutes to read as correctly quoted in the first paragraph of item =427 in the Digest, with the consequence, according to all rulss cf construction, that the said schedule is no longer lav;. Compensation is now payable in V.'ashingccn for any "such disease or infection as arises naturally and proximately cut of extra-hazardous employment" this term being elsewhere defined in the statute. Papers on Dust, Gases and General Industrial Hygiene 70 6 Prevention of Silicosis. Joottcn. Aluminium,. 22, 575-578, 579, (November, 1940) . Discussion of the uso of metallic aluainun in the prevention of silicosis. Ixcerpt3 are given from tho report in the Rcichsarboitblatt (vol. 20, No. 26,1940), An extensive bibliography is given. 707 Nincralcgical Examination of the Silicosis Question. H.J. Hcimers and H.'Jdluft. Jahrbuch d. Prouss. Gcol. Landcsanstait, Berlin, 5S_, 727-754, (1959). (German). Seri cite, kaolin and feldspar were tho most important substances found in the lung cf a silicotic minor. There was no quartz. However, the -wash liquor con tained an important quantity of colloidal silicic acid. The authors think that the pH is most important in dissolving tho silica in the tissues and so, corres pondingly, it plays an important part in determining the course of the disease. The dissolved substances correspond to the physico-chemical reaction of the dust particles and the fluids of tho body, either eliminated without harm or produc ing callosities by precipitating out from silicic acid. 706 Struct viral Examination by Roentgen Rays of Pneumo conic tic Lungs of Pcrcclnin 'workers. Part 4. H. Gartner. Arch. f. Gowcrbepath., 10, 151-163 (134C). (German). Roentgen and chemical findings are presented of the dust seen in the lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite workor. Kaolin and quartz linos v.-cre seen, aniin every case in which dust was found, quartz was also shown by chemical analysis. The author states "....in tho diagram, interference rings of kaclin were to be found preponderantly or even alone," and further that "therefore it is obvious to say that tho sillinanito and kaolin may give silicosis without essential admixture of quartz." 709 The Question of Serial examinations cf 'Yorkers Zxtocsd tc Dust, by Hears cf Min iature Rc cntror.cgrams. D. oaupe. .cch. f. Gcwcrtcpath., 12^, 93-96 (1940; . (German). . It is possiblo tc cxamlno many men in a short time with miniature film -- the size most frequently used Is 24 sq.mm. (0.95 sq.in.). Second stage siliccsi3 is easily seen with certainty *nd first stage can usually be recognized if tho ' technic is perfect. Thu method must bo improved and should bo follwed by large films in suspicious cases. Digest cf Industrial Hygiene - 6. 710 Silicium, Silicates, Silicosis. iV. Giese, JClin. (Vchaschr. 15, 553-560 <1540) . iGeman;. Rabbits were injected intravenously vritb finely ground silicate dusts: clay, feldspar, soricite. Deposits cf tie dust were found in the spleen, liver and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal (amorphous silicic acid] was also injected and the results were large deposits of dust with nary giant ceils, but no fibrous tissue. Opal is acre soluble than quarts; therefore, the conclusion is made that the dissolved silicic acid is not the fibreus-producing substance alone. Quartz is the only substance producing silicosis. Dust taken from markedly silicotic lungs was also injected, and this again produced silico sis. A decrcaso in the amount of the injected dust could not be found. The author was able to show the formation of a covering, characteristic cf asbcstcsis bodies, by feldspar, scricite and also opal, but in the smallest particles only, in the cellules. He concludes that dissolved silicic acid but not the quartz may produce this covering. Quartz shews no morphologically demonstrable appearance of dissolution; in the tissue the dust deposited in callosities re tains its fibrous producing effect. 711 Pulmonary Cancer Produced by Asbestos Dust in Srserimontal Animals. M. Nordmann and A. Serge"! Zeitsehr. f.' lirebsforsch.51, 163-132 (1941). (German) . Experimental work with mice inhaling asbestos dust over a period of from 47 to 90 days for 3-1/2 to 5 hours a day produced asbestosis bodies end pmouaced de grees of diffuse fibrosis after the 20th week. Proliferation of the bronchial epithelium -was found, such hyperplasia encroaching on neighboring alveoli. This was followed by a metaplasia to pavement epithelium v.ith comification, which later seemed to be a transition to malignant neoplasm. The first well-developed carcinoma was found after 240 days. By this time only 10 cf the mice had sur vived and 2 carcinomas were found among them. In the first series, 33 of 50 nice lived longer than 6 weeks; 14 showed abnormal growth of the epithelium, 5 metaplasia and cancer. In the second series, 23 (of 50) lived more than 5 weeks; 16 showed abnormal growth, 5 metaplasia and comix'ying cancer. 73.2 A Case of Pulmonary Asbestosis Accompanied by Tuberculosis. H. Kannesson. Tubercle. 22, 40-44 (February, 1541). " during the period 1933-1939 inclusive, there were 90 known deaths from asbestosis in Great Britain, of which 32 were associated with tuberculosis. This reports the case of 44 year old man who had been an asbestos blower, supplying the mater ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with a respirator, he had never worn it. He to3 thin, had a high temperature, emphysema, and bilateral crepita tions over wide areas. Clubbing of the fingers was marked and the sputum con tained both asbestosis bodies and tubercle bacilli. Tho roentgenogram shewed "widespread progressive nodular tuberculous infiltration with cavitation in all zones cf the right lung fields and in the upper and mid-zones of the left lung fields.... The right done of tho diaphragn was elevated. There was no radio graphic evidence of pneumoconiosis." A diagnosis of asbestosis and tubercuiosls was made. The patient died within a month of spontaneous pneumothorax. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensivo fibro-caseous tuberculosis -with cavi tation; nacro3copically they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there was revealed osseous tuhereuicsis with many tubercle bacilli and typical reticular fibrosi3 of asbestosis with thickened pleura. There is a dis cussion of tho diagnosis of the pure and complicated disease. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Nov. 12-13-- digest of Industrial Hygiene - 7. 712 The Lungs of Coal Miners in Ne?f South 'Vales, Chemical Analysis and Pathology. C. adiuc and H3. Taylor. Studies m lac. Hyg., No, .20. Peport for year ended December 21st, 1939. Health Dept., New Scuta Vvalos* A report of flnaings in a study of the lungs of 20 minors and other workers in the mines of New South Wales* A brief case report is giver, for each individual, including occupational history, gross and microscopic pathology in the lung, cardiovascular end other complications, end chemical analysis of the lung. The findings arc tabulated but analysis of the data i3 postponed for a later mono graph. The authors state their views as to the formation of coal dust nocuios, which they regard as "taking origin at the same site as tao early silicotic nodule, but owing to their aero diffuse nature, they early surround and include the terminations of respiratory bronchioles." They raise the question as to bow for tnis reaction is duo to the inert dust ana hew far to the small amount cf free silica which accompanies it. They also believe "that very little of the dust breathed finds its way into the interstitial tissue of the lungs, and that very little of the relatively insoluble dust is eliminated by solution or by tha lymphatics." 714 "Miners Lur.*" (Pneumoconiosis, Silicosis, ^nthmccsis). An Analysis cf 227 Cases. C.Cwili. military Surgeon, 38, 264-282 il41j. Cases cf pneumoconiosis have been collected from the records and x-rays of a large Veterans* hospital for tuberculosis. Of the total 227 eases, 142 arc con sidered as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis, 54 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage pneumoconiosis with tuberculosis and a final group of 31 cases on which autopsy was performed. These seven categories arc divided according to age group and to yaars spent in mining. In all cases cf simple pneutocouiosis, sputum samples were consistently negative. X-rays cf one patient with 3rd stage pneumoconiosis were tahen over a period of 9 years with no progression visiblo on the plate, although the symptoms increased in severity. A large a'ober of the men had had comparatively short exposures, although cnc was as long as 48 years. Cf the 31 autopsies, 21 shewed no tuberculosis and the cause of death in most or all of theso was a disease other than pneuacconiosis. Three cases diagnosed as pneumo coniosis showed no silicosis at autopsy. There is a discussion of diagnosis. 715 Study of Dust Conditions In the Tri-otats Mining District of Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri. C.C. Dills. An. J. Pub. Health, 31, pp. 519-629 (Tunc, 1941). A study of surface and underground dust conditions in the richer District has been in progress for 8 months, 1366 surface dust samples were taicen at 11 sta tions. The worst average dust concentration in the area was found to be 3.3 million particles, and the average for all counts was 1 million per cu. ft. Con trol stations outside the field gave on average count of 0.35 million particles. Medical sttsiies arc still boing conducted sc that safe limits can be set. Dust conditions in nines that had a routine sampling service were found to be better than in mines without this service. The average dust count for drillers in the latter was 6.6 million particles, compared with 1.6 million for tho former mines. The average dust counts for 3hcvelcrs were 4.3 and ST. 7 for mines without and with sampling services. Collaring holes dry was found to be the worst source of dust. Dust control measures include watting muci piles, wcris ing faces and haulage ways, 3praying headings and drifts and mechanical loaders, shooting off shift, cellaring holes wet, and ventilation.. Dust sampling la con fined places has indicated that where these oust control devices arc applied pro perly, dust concentrations con bo maintained below 5 million particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oclahcmn. lower counts voro seen in mines 'with routine dust sampling than in mines without. Double shift operations increase the dust problem by hooping the dust from settling. of Industrial Hyp^ene - 3. 716 Control of Tuberculosis and the Sroloyment of a Tuberculous Individual in Indus try. A. lawyer. Ina. lied., iC_, 221-225 (June, 1341 i . 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directed toward the discovery of incipient disease. 2. An example of this is the detection and control of tuberculosis amongst the employes of the Tasman Kodak Company where the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual sc ereoroent gone grains was nado an. estab lished procedure in 1923. 4. An accurate and active follow-up technic is a basic requirement for the success of any effort to curb tuberculosis. . 5. In a study of the cost of tuberculosis among ICO of these employes, average age 31 years, the average time lost from work per case v:as 595 working days or 2 years and 15 weeks. The total cost for these 100 cases was (HC5,162 or an. average par case of 34,062. Private agencies bore approximately 3C?S of the cost, while public agencies (tax-supported) bere approximately 2C. 6. Rehabilitation of the worker after convalescence must be considered if the gains of treatment are to be maintained. 7. A survey of 219 industrial organizations by S. A. Hochhauser revealed the fact that 203 employers re-employed workers with arrested tuberculosis. 8. The following factors must be taken into account in any consideration of the employment of an arrested case of tuberculosis: (a) The extent of the lesion; ' (b) The completeness of the cure; (c) The character of the job; (d) The necessity for adequate medical supervision after return, to work. 9. It would seen safe to say that the employing of an arrested case of minimal tuberculosis on the proper job is not tec great a risk, provided such individuals are under adequate medical supervision. 10. Discovering and arresting tuberculosis is only successful if we make it possible for the individual to once again become a wage earner. 717 Infection by Tuberculosis in 7/orking Places. Obligation of the Manager to Pre vent the Danger of Infection of workers. Ztschr. f. artz. Jortbild., 3_7, 7C7703 (1940), (German). . The courts recognise the claim for compensation in cases where one worker con tracts tuberculosis from another worker in the factory. The supreme court stressed that tho plaintiff need not prove the facts, very strictly if there is a question of the managers having violated his duty of protecting the workmans' health. It is sufficient to prove that there were irregular and dangerous con ditions. 713 Pcccrt of a Study of the Granite. Mica, Feldspar and Foundry Industries in New Hampshire. r'.J. Vintinner and others. li.K. State 3oard of Health, Concord, ;.\H, pp. 72 (February, 1941). More of a troatiso on general subject of dust control than'a statement of the findings in a detailed study. Illustrates tho difficulty of presenting a repre sentative picture of working conditions in an industry, 'when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant. 719 Dxoert Opinion About Pneumoconiosis (Silicosis). T. Cnubatz. Seitr. z. XIin, d.~Tubcrc~., 95 , 28 6-311 (1940). (German). Only "serious" silicosis is compensated in Germany. Hew connective tissue forma tion in tho lung3 most diminish respiratory capacity and affect the circulation so that thcro is a considerable decrease in bodily efficiency. Tho author ha3 oxamined respiratory and cardiovascular function in 300 silicotics in the past five years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions aro referred to in detail. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 720 c> i ^ -^si s und Sill^c--Tuberculcsis. II. Cr' ticai To:?. of Roentaonecrams, Differontial Diu.-rcsis Bcr.vi.cn Siliccsic as -uscases. Z.Gaubatz. Dtsch. Tubers.-BI., I3_, 32-40 , 13-1;. (German). A presentation of good description and repseductions of x-ray films of silicosis at different stages. Discussions cf diffc:catial diagnosis are given, illustrac ing tbs differences in films of silicosis, tuberculosis, miliary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoma. - 721 Subcutaneous Ini -potions of uxvren in Thcracy of Lasians of R a sc j rater-/ ms Caused 'ey Irritating Gases. I.T. uasnovak. ooveoax. Mod. Ho. 13 p. 22 ?4C) . (Russian). . A report of 1 case3 of toxic bronchitis, bronchiolitis and broncho pncur.cn!a caused by irritant gases and treated wish subcutaneous injections cf ex'/gen. Among the irritants were nitric acid, phosgene, chlorine and chlorpicrin. Sub cutaneous oxygon was introduced in amounts varying from the initial dose of 200 oc. to 10C0 cc. every other day; in cases of pneisaonia and broncho pneumonia 13CC cc. was injected daily. Thera was an immediate improvement subjectively, followed by diminution, of cough, the sensation of tightness in. the chest, dysp nea and the amount of sputis. It is also of value as a supplementary measure in. the treatment of acuto and subacute bronchitis caused by irritating gases. 722 Disabling Sickness Among 2,000 tfhite Hale Class V'orkcrs. Vf.il. Gafafer. Public Health Reports, 55, 1791-1799 (September 5, 1941.) ' This report deals with sickness and non-industrial injuries causing disability lasting 3 calendar days or longer among approximately 2,000 white male workers in the glass industry during the 5 years, 1920-34. The frequency of liability by broad diagnosis groups compares favorably with that experienced by 170,COO male industrial workers. The nisaber of days of disability because of rheumatic diseases was over 50% greater than the amber accounted for by influenza and grippe. Grinders, outside workers, and finishers experienced frequency, dis ability, and severity rates wall above the average for the entire groups of workers. It is cf interest to observe that the outside workers show all three indexes to bo relatively high for cither the respiratory or the non-respiratory diseases. Finishers, on the other hand, show indexes below the average for the entire group of 'workers with respect to respiratory diseases but above the aver age for the non-respiratory diseases. Grinders yield indexes above the average with respect to non-respiratory diseasos, and while this occupational group ex perienced a low frequency of respiratory diseases the disability and severity rates were above the average for the entire group of workers. Batch mixers, furnace and casting workers, show a relatively low frequency of respiratory dis eases but a long avoroge duration of cases. 725 Catching the Dust from a Hammer Mill. C.C. Ralston and J.S. Conley. tJ.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 3533 (1941). A dust catcher designed for use -with a hammer mill is described and illustrated. This typo of mill probably exceeds all other types of crushers in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises from the fact that the action of a hammer mill is closely analogous to that of a fan cr blower. This emission of dust around a herocr mill is checked by means of a bag enclosed with in a closed supporting frame that is provided with a flap door to permit the placing of a container to catch the crushed material, A pipe directs the air current from the top of the frame to a large can that contains the bag. Thus bag, in turn, rests in a wiro net. The wire net is enough smaller than the can so that a 2-in. annular ring remains around the net. This detail prevents the suction of tho blower from sealing the bag against tho wall of the can. About 99 per cent of tho dust is caught by this bag, and another bag - on the blow er - firl3hos tho job. Zlgsst of Industrial Hygiene - 10. 724 Public Qtinlon lemands Removal of Oust from. Cement Plants. Anonymous. Concrete (Cement Mill la.) 49. 214-216 (August, 1941). A discussion of the various modem types of dust control equipment availabe for cement mill installation. According to the author, a "well-known cement slant superintendent,TM ...."Tie public demands tie disccntinuanco of rusty cor.uitions within a coaent pleat, and in the atmosphere around a tenant plant if it happens to be located in or near a city or tovrn, or in a rich farming community." ho has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience in cement manufacturing operations. 725 I mo ranee is no Rxtuee. L.P.. 3locaenthal. Heating, Piping and Air Cond., 13_, odd-565 loeptercber, 1341). . V.'ith prolonged hours of operation and a constant influx of rev/ workers, due to the demands of the defense program and the general rise in business activity, industrial health hazards are likely to increase, particularly in those plants v.-hcrc gases, dusts end fumes result from manufacturing processes. The author, an attorney, cites a number of specific oases which have come up in various states in this brief review of the subject. His selection of the material brings out a number of the legal principles involved. 726 Resolutions of the German. Commission on Protective Devices Against lust. Arbeitsschutz. p.~~407 (1941). (German) Protective devices were tested by the ccroittee for the dust protection of the insurance associations. The results on 13 devices, together with descriptions and illustrations, are given. 727 Rocntaen Findings of the Lungs in Mycosis Pungoidss. J. Werth. Arch. f. Term, u. Syph., iai, 299-314 (1940). (German). The appearance of the x-rays in these cases seen like silicotic lungs v/ith "more fibrosis than usual" and "coarsely mettled." The disease begins in the lungs -with a characteristic enlargement of th hilus, spreading out along the vessels to give a picture of increased fibrosis. . 723 Hydrogen Phosphide Poisoning. I, .Animal Experiments on Acute and Subacute Poison ing. vr. Duller. Arch, exptl. Path. Pharmakol., 195, 154-193 (1940). (Go moan). In atmospheres containing 1:400,000 or more of hydrogen phosphide rabbits v;cre injured or killed by jobLonged exposure. The intoxication is cumulative and the prognosis is unfavorable. All important organs arc congested. The worst damage is suffered by the respiratory tract, liver and kidneys. 12$ Occupational Dangers from Hydrogen Sulfide. G. Rodenacker. Med. Klin., 3_7, 215-217 (1941). (German). A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen sulfide -- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc. There arc reports of interesting cases, the historical background of this industrial disease, and a discussion of theory. 730 Order of the (German) Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Serov Paint ers, March 5, 1940. Reichsgcsundheitsbl., 15, 333-384 (1940). The terms of reference of the insurance association for fine mechanical and o cy cloctrio technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting arc ?u lished. Spraying largo pieces and standing inside the spray booth, the paint can be protected only by supplied-eir apparatus. This must fulfil the following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from the main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters; tho compressed air must be delivered in a single line to the worker* s bench and hero it must be separated into spraying and breathing tubes. A half-mask or cap may bo used but the stream of air must aot go directly to the workers* face. Automatic regulation *nd hoatin* of th* nir not *lwys n*c*ss*ry Zizes~ of Industrial Hygiene - 11, 721 Toxicology of Zxoloslon Gases. Ba^a. Z. ges. Schiess-u. Sprengstoffw., 35, 131-182 11940). (German,. Thrptafiion gases can be divided into 3 groups with respect to their toxicological action: (1) very poisonous: 00, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, HgS; (2) fairly poisonous: nitriles, COg; (3) nen-poisonous: Hydrocarbons, K, HgO. The amounts ox' CO found in the explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 61.05, TNT 57.Cl, nitro cell'close powder 46,37, carbcnite 35.0, explosive gelatin 34.0 and ammonal 23.74/<). Toxicological action is described for CO, nitrous gases and HCIT. The physiological action of explosion gases cannot be calculated from the toxicity of their components since these are not additive but synergistic. 732 Relation Between Carbon "caoxldc Concentration in Air and Carbon Monoxide Hemoglobin Content. 9". ilay. Area. f. Gowcrbepath., 10. 97-103 (154C).(German). Three charts arc shown: one depicting the formation of CO-hemoglcbia in nan. over various periods of tine if the inhaled CO concentration is bctvsren O.Cifo and 1ft, and if the person is sitting, Milking, or working; the second one illus trates the CO-hcmoglobin curves in man (sitting, walking, v.orking) for CO concen trations from Q.C1-0.0'#; the third chart shows thn decrease of CO-hemoglobin when the person inhaled pure air (these are based upon the author's self exper iments). If the time during v/hich an individual was working in CO air, the time elapsed between his removal and the taking of the blood sample, and the CO-heno- globin of the sample are all known, the approximate concentration to which he was exposed can be estimated. ' 733 Photocolorimctric Determination of Fluorine in the Air with Zirconium-All sarin. M.M. Hainos and S.V. Kazachkova. J. Applied Chen., (U.S.3.R.), 13, 153-156 {Russian with French summary.) . Treat samples of air containing fluorine with 0.5 cc. each of Zr-alizarin indi cator, 3 N H2SO4 und 3 IT HC1 in a volumetric flask. Add water to the mark, heat to boiling under a reflux condenser and cool rapidly. After 10 min., determine fluorine with the photocolorimeter. To prepare the indicator, mix equal volumes of Zr {^03)4 {0.78 per 100 cc of '.rater) and Na clizarinsulfcnate (o,17 &n per 100 ec of water). If interfering substances are present, fluorine should be dis tilled as HjSiFg from the solution after addition of the above reagents and the distillate 3hould be treated again as above. For the determination of fluorine a standard curve should be constructed by using various amounts of fluorine solution of known concentration. 3y this method 0.001-0.0C2 mg of fluorine can be determined. . ^24 An Improved Air Sampling Device far Field V.'ork. F.K. Van Atta and C.H. 'McClure. Tech, Paper Ho. 2, Illinois Dept, of labor, April, 1341. A unit for sampling air for large impingors is described. It consists of a cose containing pump, flowaeter, and impingcr rack. 735 VrcserTaticn of Health In the Rubber Industry. F. 'tVamecke. Zbl. f. Gcwerbehyg. , 28, 1-19 {1941). {German). `* An interesting description of the health hazards in the rubber industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially arc discuseod and seme interesting facts about the dangers of "Buna" {artificial rubber) production arc brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styrel, irritate the skin. Individual processes and methods of decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there are a large number of illustrations. --Annual Meeting - Nov. 12 and 13 ligest cf Industrial Hygiene - 12. 736 Mine Safety and Accident Prevention. 5. Boons. Mines Mag., 31, 61-5 (February, This paper is one' of z series covering the subject of nine safety. In previous installments (November and Gcceabor, 1540 and January, 1941], most of the con sideration is given to accidents, vrith statistics, cost figures, safety rales, explosive ana electrical hazards and gas and dust explosions. This paper deals with gas and dust hazards. Tha various gases found in ninc3, known to miners as fciackdamp, firedamp, whited amp, afterdamp, and stinkbamp, are described, and their effects and preventive measures ara discussed. Blackdanp is the gas most usually present, and consists of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and oxygen in varices quantities, and its effecta are those of oxygen deficiency. '.Vhitedaap is carbon monoxide, and afterdamp consists of carbon monoxide added to the constituents cf blade damp. Firedamp i3 any inflammable gas, mostly aethaao, and stiakdamp is hydrogen sulfide. The known facts of the dust hazard are presented rather brief ly but adequately including the principal results cf animal experimentation. The growth, of the silicosis "racket" has been due to a concerted effort to hide the facts ana to take as few preventive measures as possible. Health problems in the mining industry should he handled essentially as have safety problems and cooperation betvfeen the management, the engineer and the physician is necessary in order to solve them. Pre-employment examinations, individual susceptibility, safe dust concentrations and preventive measures are discussed. In the March issue suggestions for reducing accidents are given, and in the concluding in stallment (May, 1941) safety organizations, rules and systems of reports are considered. 737 Air Douches as Means of Air Conditioning V.'am V/orkroons. V.'. Licse. Glastechnische Bcr. , 19., 119-125 (April, 1941). (German]. This article presents the results of the author's experiments carried out in a glass plant to determine the effect of heat radiation on the skin of the face at different temperatures, and the effectiveness of air dcuche3 for alleviating disagreeable effects of heat radiation. (See Abstract JIo.209, March, 1940). 736 Fog Formation in 'Jerking Chambers of Pneumatic Caissons. 0. K. Froehlich. Ingcuiur 55, 393-95 (June 14, 1940). (German). This is an account of an investigation of the cause of fog formation in the work ing chambers of pneumatic caissons. Preventive measures ere discussed at con siderable length. 739 Local Cooling of vVorkers in Hot Industry. F.C. Houghten and others. Heating, Piping & Air Cond., 13, 462-465 (July, 1941). This paper discusses a study of two methods of local cooling applications, the results being limited to atmospheric conditions of approximately 50 relative humidity and either a 2500 fpa blast of cool air from a 4-in. nozzle located close to the worker, or a cool air supply of approximately 20 cfa through a loose-fitting coverall suit. The study shows conclusively chat workers may be kept free from body temperature rise, excessive increase in pulse rate, and from perspiration vrith either a blast of cool air or by ventilating their clothing with cool air. 740 Spirochetosis Icterohemorrhagica as an Occupational Disease. Btieane-Martin. Mod. du travail 12, 57-133 (1940). (French). In recent years this disease has appeared in only four mines 'with 31 cases, two of which were fatal. The disease only appeared in mines harboring infected rats. For prevention the author proposes eradication of rats, acidification of mine mud, prohibition of eating in nines, supplying pure drinking wator, hygiene of the nines, and compulsory reporting of spirochetosis. ripest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. 741 Industrial Health -- A Medical Opportunity. C.H. Petersen. Virginia Med. Monthly q7-?0 (1941). Industrial medicine should occupy a greater part of medical education. Physi cians should take a greater interest in workers' health -- it would he of advan tage to then, to the v-orker and to the community. The widespread adoption of workmen's compensation legislation makes it imperative for physicians to recog nise and report industrial diseases. Medical societies, doth state and local, arc organising committees for the improvement and dissemination of such 'work in their coEcunities. To achieve the best results, all groups public and private, should collaborate. 742 Importance of Constitution and Pace in the Origin of Occupational Tjsoasss. N.7. Jagac and H. Seyfried. Mod. Klin., cl_, 1411-1413 (1940). (Gcrmanj . This is a discussion of tho differences between occupational diseases that are entirely independent of the personality and disposition to illness, diseases caused by heredity and constitution, and diseases depending on constitution and special disposition, but finally becoming manifest by environmental influences. The authors stress the importance of constitution and race, citing examples, such as that asthenic persons have a higher susceptibility to poisons and to joint injury by pneumatic tools, and that pyknic persons have a higher suscepti bility to dust diseases. Consideration of race and constitutional type are of value not only in giving expert opinions on occupational diseases, but also in prevention. 743 Orracic Angina Pectoris Electrics. S. Koeppen. Hunch, ned. Wchnschr,, 87, 1259-1292 (November 22, 1940). (Dorman). The author concludes that an electric injury to the heart can be accepted only if the accident is iEaediately followed by cardiac disturbances, but that anatomically demonstrable changes cannot be expected because tho current acts for only an extremely short time. He states that 15 of his 93 cases presented the aspects of organic angina pectoris electrica. This disorder is due to an impairment of the stimulus conduction system; that is, of the formation of the stimulus as well as of its course. Electrocardiograph!cally, the disorder pre sents itself (1) as a coronary insufficiency, (2) as an auricular fibrillation, and (3) as disturbances in the conduction of the stimulus. He regards electri cal angina pectoris as a result of direct electrical action on the cardiac con duction system. 744 Prophylaxis of Throat Infection, R.S. King. Brit. Med. J., 1^, 154-155 (Febru ary 1, 1941). In an effort to reduce the incidence of infections of the upper respiratory tract produced in overcrowded air raid shelters, a throat spray of 15-Cw sodium hypochlorite was employed. A remarkable reduction in acute and subacute streptococcic throat infections was noted. There was practically no difference in the inoidoaco, severity and duration of common colds in treated and untreated groups. The favorable results have on obvious industrial significance. 745 Peripheral Vascular Disease in Industry. 3.T. Horton. Virginia Med. Monthly, 63, 131-137 (March, IS41). workers `with peripheral vascular disease, especially thrembo-angitis obliterans, must be given work which will not aggravate the disease and load to serious complications and amputation. Dividing peripheral arterial diseases cf the ex tremities into functional and organic groups, Raynaud's disease and arterio sclerosis obliterans aro tho coiracncst. Thera is also a discussion of mechanical devices used in treatment. finest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 745 Spirochetal Jaundice (VJeils* Disease). N. 31ocm and H. '.Valuer. Virginia lied. Monthly, J9, 192-200 (April, 1941 j . Seven instances of '`.'ells* disease are presented, v.-ith autopsy findings in the five fatal cases. The authors believe there was an occupational factor in only one case that of a junk dealer viho ray have cone in contact with rats during his work. Interstitial nephritis vas the nest common and by far the rest inper- tant pathological change -- the authors consider it tho cause of death, Many cases are probably mistaken for catarrhal jaundice. The syndrome of acute fever, with generalized aching and tenderness of the body, and jaundice should suggest 7,'eils' disease -- the differential diagnosis being aided by the presence of mus cular paia3 and kidney involvement. 747 Military Explosives. G.3. Sogers. Nat. Safety News, 44, 22-23, 77-3C (July, 1941J. A discussion of the methods for controlling accident and health hazards in ex plosives manufacturing -and asmunition loading plants. The manufacture and use of Totryl, a booster used to insure high order detonations cf bomb and shell fillers, has a real health hazqrd associated with it. The toxic effects of the vapors from the sulphanators, nitrator, and recryetallizcrc, and the effects of the crystalline totryl itself arc all dangerous. Its effects are similar to those of H-3T. T!I, amatol, ether, benzol, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride and many other toxic substances arc used in the explosives industry. 748 P.educo No iso in Steel Foundry Cleaning Room. A.H. Allen, Foundry _S9_, 60-81, 143 (September, 1941). It has been, estimated by the National Noise Abatement Council that daily losses in industry because of excessive noise amount to approximately $2,000,000. The loss is measured in terns of lessened effective effort by workmen subjected to continuous loud noise. This article recounts a program to rearrange a foundry and erect an entirely new cleaning room which would take advantage of the latest ideas in the technique of foundry noise absorption. Many noise-producing oper ations wore housed in acoustically treated booths, and the interior of tho building, including walls and roof, was treated sompletely with acoustic mater ial. Expressions have already been received from the vrkmen indicating their approval of tho noise reduction methods v;hich have been instituted. Management is convinced that the expenditure will certainly be translated into more effi cient and faster operations in the plant. 749 Bust Control System Design, Installation and Operation from tho Ccemonscnse Standpoint. x.J, Sravath. Heat. ec.Vent., 38,, 28-31 (June, 1941). Points to be gained from installation of an effective exhaust system, well de signed and maintained, are emphasized. The advice of an export or consultant should b employed wherever possible. There is a discussion of the importance cf maintaining standards and of giving physical examinations. 750. -Ilghtlnr and Efficiency. E. Kanmerer. Zbi. f. Gcworbohyg. ,~^8, 33-40 (1941), (German). Increasing the intensity of illumination increases visual acuity, but beyond a certain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must correspond to the fineness of the work, but tho direction from which the light enters the field of work is also important. Blinding by the light and by the reflections from the work is to bo avoided. Mercury and sodium lights may bo of use* since color is some times of importance. Sbcacplos arc givon of tho economy of better iliuzination. --Remember the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 15. 711 Industrial Health Defense: So1 'lant Znginsers Car. Make Field Measurements of Industrial Ventilation. V.'.C.L (esecn. Heating, Piping <b Air Coed., 15, 22-25 (1941). Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow in industrial exhaust equip ment is described. Chemical smoko producers for tracing ieak3 or direction of air movement arc discussed and illustrated as are tie u-tube nanometer and tile pitot tube for measuring velocities. Also shown is a carrying case for these ns meats. 752 The Prevention ar.d Treatment of Affections Occurring in the Magnesium Industry. 1'. Hyp her. Practitioner. 145, 52-99 (February, 1941), Some of the occupational exposures resulting in the production and processing of magnesium are discussed. Brief references are made to magnesium dust and pnotsoconiosis, bichromate baths used in treating magnesium castings, suifur dioxide, magnesium fluoride and exposure to x-rays in inspection of castings, the treatment of ailments resulting from the several exposures is given in detai 753 Injuries and Damage to the Ear by Explosion and Sound. A. Groifenstein. Munch, nod. V/chnsehr. 1345-1350 (1940). (German). The subjast of injuries to the ear by ncuto and chronic occupaticcol influcncos is reviewed, Vfar Injuries are discussed in detail: damage from firing one shot by the effect repeated firing in a short time, noise in flying and noise from motors and prepcllors. 754 Diamosis of Occupational Diseases bv the General Medical Practitioner. D. C. Straus. 111. Med. J., 79, 247-251 (March, 1941). This is the first of a series of articles by the Director of Industrial Hygiene, Illinois Department of Labor, intended to acquaint the general practitioner with the problem of occupational diseases. Specific hazards will be dealt with later Attention i3 directed to the need for getting a complete occupational history. 755 Industry Must Accept Obligation to Protect Eyesight of Workers. M. Davidson. Concrete (Cement Mill Sd.) 49, 1S4-1S5 (June, 1941). There are two aspects to the obligation of industry to safeguard its workers' eyes. One is to make the environment safe for the worker by eliminating hazards causing accidents, and the dusts, fumes, intoxications and poor illumination, responsible for occupational diseases. Much has been accomplished in this con nection. The other aspect, that of making the worker safe for himself, his co-worker and industry, has not yet received the recognition it deserves. It involves proper vocational guidance and advice for the applicant with irremedi able defective eyesight and for the worker who has acquired it in the course cf hi3 Employment. A survey of the incidence of true defective eyesight among the Industrial population in toms of its most important element, visual acuity, indicates about 14# to 18#, with most probably less than one half serious, dofoctives. ' ?56 iTcw Theories Concerning the Grinin of Mvonia. K. Lindner. Klin. Monatsbl. f. Augcaheil, p. 582 (1939). (GcraanJ. The author presents his concept that myopia nay be acquired by working at closo range, in opposition to the concept of Steiger, prevailing today, that it is always inherited. The occupational implications of this proposition are obvious. .--Foundation's Sixth Annual Meeting: Pittsburgh, Uov. 12-13-- ;issct of Industrial Hygiene - 16. 7=7 Aero-Otitis Media in Ccnnreszed Air Workers, Treatment v.jth Hellum-C xvgen fixtures. Recuarth. J.A.ii.A. 115, 1756-17C9 (April 19, 1941;. Thus condition was originally described in aviators but is found quite often in compressed air workers as well. Obstruction of the Zustachian tube is the pri mary cause and is most often due to upper respiratory infections. Pathological ly, tiers is deformity and hyperemia of the tympanic membrane, and serous or sanguineous exudate in the middle ear. Clinically there is tinnitus, earache and impairment of hearing. Perforation of the drum ".lei subsequent suppuration is the most frequent complication, with occasional permanent impairment of hear ing. Pro-employment estimates arc useful in eliminating those who arc predis posed to upper respiratory infections, in correcting defects they may contribute to repeated infections and not allowing an individual to work while suffering from a respiratory infection. Treatment with helium is outlined. 7cS Health Conditions in the Glass Industry. Pluhar. Arbeitsschutz, 11-12 (1341). Several months ago a paper appeared on the health hazards of glass workers. The author, an employe of the insurance association of the glass industry, new pub lishes data from the association's material. He charts curves on the frequency of lead poisoning, CO poisoning and cataract on the reported and compensated cases. As only such cases arc compensated which, cause death or a disability for more than 13 wocks, it is to be understood that the figures are small, especial ly concerning compensated Pb and CO poisoning cases. From 1926-1939, 4QS cases of cataract had been compensated, but the compensation lav/ has been retroactive for several years. 92$ of these cases arose in hollow -.rare and bottle manufacture, a fact that is easily understood since it is al3o true that cataract is found only in certain districts because of the particular type of operation, so that exposure of the eyes to radiation is different in different districts. It is unfortunate that the author does not present figures on sili cosis which is the most important occupational disease; he remarks only that 60$ of the cases developed in making pots and tubs, as a result of inhaling clay- dust which contains up to 50$ free silica. There are other less common diseases upon which the author touches briefly. 759 Xerosis of the Cornea among Glass Blowers. Hid. Kiparisov. Vestnik Oftal., 17, 1-2,100 (1940). (Russian). The routine examination of 600 glass workers showed that 14.6$ of them had ocular disturbances. Of those, 1.3$ had cataract, but the relation between their work and the lenticular opacities were not definite, because those workers were ail over 40 years of age. Conjunctival hyperemia, found in 11. 6(4 of the workers, cleared up 2 or 3 hours after work. One man who worked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. The deleterious effect of light and heat in thi3 industry is indicated by 8 cases of cornealxerosis. Two cases of optic neuritis could be attributed to the effect of ultra violet rays. The author urges that workers have their eyas examined before entering the industry, and that the administrative department bo charged with the responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic ncasures. ' PaDers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer. Dermatitis, etc. 76C Focal Infection and Occupational Eczema. F. Koch. Arch.f.Deraat. u. Syph., iC, 47-50 (1940). (Goman). Focal infection is frequent both in persons -with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The success of the therapy was the same in eczematous patients with and without focal infec tions; the rtaaoval of the foci was without effect on the eczema. "i-sct of Industrial Hygiene - 17. Clinical Aspects and Treatment of Occupational Diseases of the Skin. G. Hcpf, Eeitschr. f. art2. Fortbiia., 33_, 33-oc (1941). (GeraanJ. The importance of tho occupational factor may be doubted and individual aspects considered if a skin disease continues lore than six mentis aft or ceasing work. Negative skin tests arc not always proof that there is no causal relationship between the disease and the occupation. Positive tests are important but not necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom and worker are important. 762 ?nthcgenesi3 of Hypersensitivity to ?lour and Persulfate in Flour 7'orkors. H.A.2. van Ashoeck and D.J, Roux. Arch f. Dermatol, u. Syph., ISi, 34-40 (1940). (Gorman). A discussion of the significance of flour and persulfate allergy and their Im portance in the origin of bakers' and millers' diseasos. Nearly every baker and miller with rhinitis vasomotoria, astizaa and eczema show a positive reaction to flour. Epithelial persulfate allergy is positive only in bakers suffering with florid eczema in a portion of the cases. But German authors found positive per sulfate reactions in 75-3050 of the eczematous bakers. The authors stress the point that flour allergy is acquired by inhalation; the skin irritation from wet flour, water, etc. promotes the development of persulfate allergy. 763 Value of Skin Tests in Recognizing end Preventing Occupational Dermatosis. F. Koch. V.'ie-a. mod. V/chnschr. 91_, 6-9 (1941). (German). Skin diseases which are apparently occupational in etiology may be shown to be caused by substances not U3Cd in the patient's work. Early recognition of the cause is also useful in preventing a sensitivity from becoming polyvalent. It is imperative to make the 3kin test with the actual substance used in the plant, not with a substance of the sane name. Variability in the rasults of tests and the dermatoses caused by friction (eczema of masons) must be kept in mind. 764 A New Industrial Skin Clear.3er. L. Schwartz. Pub. Health Repts., J56, 1783-1790 (Septembers, 1941). Harsh skin cleansers have frequently been found to be the cause of dermatitis rather than the materials being handled or manufactured. This is especially true of materials hard to remove from the skin. A milder and yet effective skin cleanser is composed of a sulfcnnted oil (cither animal or vegetable), a wetting agent and optionally a small amount of trisodiun phosphate or sodium hexsmeta phosphate. This cleanser has been very useful in cases of eczema and defatted skins in which olive oil was previously used as a cleanser. It has also boon used in cases of atopic eczema in children. 765 Sudden Appearance of an Occupational Eczema Among Most of the Workers in a New Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochstead. Ncrdisk, iied., 9^ 992-936 (1941). (Scandinavian). Eczema appeared among the vrorkers in an experimental laboratory after using hcKv-aitrodiphcnylsmine. Tho affected man gave positive results with epicutancous tests. During illness sensitivity improved and normal persons were easily sen sitized. 'Jrcthan ointment decreased tho effect of the chemical. 766 Mule-Spinner's Cancer. E.M. Brockbank. Brit. iied. J., pp. 622-623 (April 26, 1941). Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 150 mulc-spimors with cpithelioiaa of the scrotum. Over 90/) were on the left side. The spindles throw oil onto tho non's clothing and boing of a mineral carcinogenic typo, readily produces skin cancers. Periodic examinations aro of tho utmost importance. Substitution of harmless oils is suggested. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - IS. * 767 Toxic affects of Iroko. J.M. Davidson. Lancet, ,,-8-39 (1941). (Great Britain). Description of severe dermatitis in most of tie 50 men who dandled ircko legs cr freshly sawed planks, Nine men had severe symptoms, some appearing within i-2 hours, including itching of exposed parts as '.veil as of the genitals, axilla, back of knee, etc. In seme men edema of the face, ocular irritation and blepharo spasm developed. Chest constriction, cough and other respiratory manifestations wore othor symptoms. Four to 5 weeks were required to clear up the trouble. Only two of the aon had developed sensitivity to other wood. Ircko is the ccimscn and trade name for Chloroohara cxcelsa, also known technically as nvulc, odea and kambala; it comes from Sa3t and *ost Africa. 763 Relationship Between Skin Cancer and Occupation in Texas: Review of 1569 Veri fied Lesions Occurring in 1190 Persons. C. Phillips. Texas State J. lied., 3_5, 613-515 (1941). This is an analysis of a study by the U.S. Public Health Service as to the inci dence of occupational cutaneous cancer in Texas over a 20 year period. In the order of frequency, the lesions were basal cell epithelioma, squamous ceil epithelioma, transitional coll epithelioma, adenocarcinoma of the sweat or sebaceous glands, fibroxanthosarccma and epithelioma in sebaceous cysts. The occupations in the order of size are outdoor work (farming and ranching), house wives, various business activities requiring moderate outdoor life, professions, laborers and carpenters, railroad and petroleim workers. All but 12.2# of the lesions wore traced to occupation. A study of 123 melanomas showed no relation to occupation. 769 Asphalt as an Antigen. R. Hasche-Klunder. Dtsch. med, Wchnschr. _66, 1422-1424 (1940). (German). Report of a caso of bronchial asthma in a Danish street worker while using asphalt oil. This substance is a product of creosote derived from coal distill ation, and has nothing to do v/ith asphalt. Another case is mentioned showing susceptibility to bitumen. 77C Arsenic and Goitre. G.R. Sharpless and M. Metzger. J. Nutrition. 21, 341-346 (April 10, 1941). Arsenic can act as a positive goitorogcnic substance in rats. Iodine can reduce this goitcrogenic action as well as the toxicity of small amounts of arsenic. Ingestion of arsenic may double the iodine requirement. Arsenic may exert its goitcrogenic affect indirectly by interfering with 3cme of the normal oxidation reduction systems, perhaps by combining with sulphydryi groups or some other way. Cell oxidation is hindered in this way and the thyroid is stimulated in an attempt to compensate for lost oxidative capacity. 771 Symptoms of Acute Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning with Special Reference to Neurologic Disturbances, it. Werner. Dtsch. Zeitschr. f. Ncrvenhcllk., 151. 123-137 (1941j. (German). Exposure to hydrocyanic acid ga3 produced unconsciousness with dyspnea. The worker recovered after a day in tho hospital, but two days later ho relapsed, with hypotonia, ataxia, adi ado cho cine sis ( symptoms of cerebellar affection), moro on the left than on the right side. Ho had headache and disturbance of the circulation in hands and foot; inner oar deafness developed four days later. After about 14 weeks, thoso symptoms disappeared. There is a discussion of these symptoms and tho literature on the subject. --Annual Meeting - Nov, 12 and 13-- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 19, "vg Effect of .Icdi'Tn Thiosulfate on. Excretion of Arsenic. 2.1. Cedar, L. Ion and y.2. HUnger. Vener. Uis. Inform., 22., 123-123 ;April, 1941). The pharmacologic action of sodium thiosulfate in the treatment of sonic ad seniog is still a controversial issue. A disparity exists in the ults of o. re vicu3 studies in this problem, which might be explained on technical difficult!e cf arsenic analysis and tho selection of subjects. Ten syphilitic patients, each of when had completed an orthodox course of neoarsphenamine therapy, were selected for this study. Six of them received sedims thiosulfate, while ne rs- maining four were used as controls. The arsenic content of urine and fcoos was analyzed in those subjects over a period ranging from the 1st to the 23rd day follovang the completion of the course of nebarsphenamine therapy. The urinary, focal or total arsenic excretion was not significantly affected by ad ministration of sodiua thiosulfate in popularly used therapeutic dosage. The question as to clinical efficacy of this compound in the treatment cf arsenic poisoning might be raised, as the strongest case for its clinical use has boon based on the supposition that it mobilized the excessive arsenic stored in the body depots. 773 Experimental Studies on Aniline 3Laddcr Tumors. S. Morigaai and I, Nisinum. Gann, 34, 146-147 (1940). In view of the occurrence of bladder canecr among aniline workers, the authors attempted to produce the disease experimentally by o-toluidin and benzidine. Rabbits, guinea-pigs, and rats were used. A lfi solution of c-toiuidin in olive oil was injected subcutaneously S times a week in 0.1 cc doses. ' In other ex periments o-toluidin and benzidine were dissolved in chloroform, in the ratio of 5, and the solutions were applied to tho shin of the back every other day. Bladder papilloma was produced in animals receiving injections of c-teluidin that survived over 100 days. Rabbits were especially resistant to the toxic action of the chemical and showed a high incidence of papilloma. Benzidine proved more toxic, but when animals withstood the treatment long enough this sub stance also produced atypical proliferation of bladder epithelium. Unfortunate ly, for the proper evaluation of the experimental results nuabers of animals used and cf those developing papilloma aro not given. Hueper produced ncoplasti lesions of the bladdor in 9 of 16 dcg3 treated with bcta-naphthylamine, '"*'4 The Effect of Calcium and Phosphorus on the Hctabdlsa of Lead. J.3. Shields and H.K. Kit a hell. J. Nutrition. 21., 541-552 (June 10, 1941). 1. A low content of calciun or of phosphorus or of both in the diet induced a high retention of lead in comparison vita diets containing higher mineral levels In fact, the only method of securing'lead storage in adult rats on wiiS IuOQCZ*Z*C concentration of dietary lead used (32 p.p.a.) is to lower the calcium content of the diet to inadequate or borderline levels, 2. Excessive dietary level3 of calciua and phosphorus are not appreciably more protective against tha assimilation of lead by the body than are levels approxi mating tho requirements. This statement applies only to tiur*moderate levels of dietary lead employed. 3. Under the imposed conditions of variable dietary concentrations of calcium and phosphorus, the retention of calciua runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of lead. 4. Under conditions of practical nutrition, an adequate intake of caiciur. and of phosphorus presumably protects the body against appreciable assimilation cf the low levels cf dietary lend involved in the usual lead hazard of modem life. This protection is more effective in the adult than in the adolescent for any given concentration of calcium and phosphorus, possibly because the mineral mota holism of tho bone trabeculae is considerably less intense in tho adult than in tho growing organiaas. widest of Industrial Hygiene - 20. Lead Znccphalonathy In Children and Adults: Cllr.icor.athcl ogle Study. A,J Akoi-iitis. 3. Ncrv. and Mont. Lis., 53_, 013-332 (Marca, 1 941 j . The post-mortem study suggests tint the structural changes in children and adults arc a result of edema with exudation and uypcrplast ic changes in th.e lopteneninges and endotholial cells of the blood vessels, The symptoms in adults arc similar to those of any brain inflammation, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line. 77 Behavior of the Alxnli Reserve and the S of the Urine Before and After I a*ce ticr.s R, --.as^^onc nt a* oareggr iled. ;c* -uvero 32, 53-7C (1941). (Italian). . Thirteen cases of lead poisoning were treated by injection of calcium chloride and ma?r.esiun sulfate. The authors conclude that seme degree cf acidosis is pro- sent ir. all cases of lead colio. The alkaline reserve increases after the in jection of calcium and decreases after injection of magnesium sulfate. No change is shown by the urine pH. 777 Lend Storage Battery Manufacture in the State of Illinois. G.V7. Dautenspeck end C.H. McClure. Div. Fact, Inspect. Illinois Copt, of Labor, Chicago, Tech. Paper Ho. 1, (March, 1941). A report of conditions found in industry and recommendations of needed changes in equipment and in processes. Importance of air cleanliness is stressed and data from sampling 'with the impingcr in various operations is given. 773 Nicotine and Internal Secretion. II. Dangers to V.cmen V/orking in Tobacco Factorics? T. Gunbrecht and A. Looser. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. Pham., 195, 143-151 (1940), {German). The authors showed in a previous publication (same issue, pp. 121-142), that the reproduction organs and the thyroid are the most sensitive of the endocrine glands to nicotine. Tv:o hundred eighty tobacco -workers and 472 textile 'workers were investigated; no difference was found, although the tobacco workers com plained mere frequently of dysmenorrhea. Overstraining (combined work in fac tory and bene, a leas wdic "to work, etc.) probably cause symptoms referable to ' the thyroid which wore frequently encountered. 779 Lxocrimcntal Poisoning by Solcnium with Special Regard to its Effects on the Bonos. F.K. 3aucr. Arch.f .Gowcrbepath., 1G^ 117-132 (19-40). (German). Chronic poisoning of animals with scieniun i3 reported. Bone changes are des cribed and illustrated with microscopic sections. Metabolic changes are shown. The amounts of selenium found in the organs wus very tiny. 780 Phosnhine Poisoning (Animal Experiments). I. Acute and Subacute Poisoning. Muller. Arch, f exp. PathI u. Pimrm., 195, 134-193 (1940). (German). The widespread use of insecticides which give rise to phosphino suggested those experiments. It was shown that in concentrations of 1:40,000 death occurred after 4 hours; with 1:50,000, after two exposures of four hours each; with 1:100,000, after seven cxpostttcs of 4 hours each. Concentrations of 1:200,000 could bo endured for two months for four hours daily. Cm animal which had been exposed to such a concentration for five days died when the concentration was increased to 1:70,000 at the end of the first four hours. Previous exposure had difcu.aished the rosistanco. 781 T.N.T. (Trinitrotoluene). Ind. Data Sheet No. D-Chcm. 33. National Safety Council. Nat. Safety News. 44. 36, 40 (September, 1941). Poisoning from TNT may take place in three ways: through respiration, by inges tion, cr by absorption through the skin. In addition to the systemic effects, dermatitis, through contact with tho skin, can also occur. Precautions for pre vention are outlined. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 21. 732 Effects of Yellov.- Phosphorus a.r.d Arsenic Trioxide on Growing 5cna3 and Ircv." rj Teeth. C.3. Adame and 3.3. Sarnie. Area, rata., 33., 1192-1202 (19AC). A generalized toxic effect of both substances was observed as manifested by a reduction in the rate of weight gained and bone growth. Yellow phosphorus pro duced a band of increased density, the formation of which was attributed to a diminished reazrptioa of cartilage matrix and bona. A disturbed calcification of tho dentin occurred in animals receiving the yellow phosphorus and arsenic tri oxide. These studies are of theoretical interest in revealing tho effects of yellow phosphorus and arsenic trioxidc on two types of calcified matrix. 7B3 Valuo of Vitamin C for Benzene Workers. 0. Libowitsky and H. Seyfried. Tien, klin. Wchnschr., 53_, 543-54? 11340). (German). Tho authors claim that, in writers exposed to benzene and its hcmologues, they often find symptoms typical of avitaminosis C. This is particularly true in the months in which there is a vitamin C deficiency in the food and by higher concentrations of vapors due to closed windows (November to April). R'japei-Ledc congestion experiments showed 5.3# positive with the highest percentages in the 'winter months. Among the 53 cases with positive Runpel-Lcdc tests were fiTe cases with "clear bonzeno damage;" in four oases the blood showed "exceptional ly low leucocyte counts"; in the fifth caso there was a "moderate ieucopenia and anemia of high degree." The cases wero treated with cevitamic acid and 19 be came negative to tho Rutpel-Lede test. Vitamin C may be used as a prophylactic in exposures to benzene. 7S4 Masha for Protection Against Fo-aialdehydc. Queries and Minor Notes. J.A.il.A. lid, 239 (Tunc 7, 1941). The activated charcoal used in many mash canisters will absorb formaldehyde "to a large degree." Although heavy concentrations of foimaldehyde are rare, it might be bettor to have workers wear supplied-air or oxygen macks. The toxic limits for foimaldehyde have not been fixed although 20 p.p.a. has been suggested. TrVhat is the role of employee health in industrial relations? Are any new health hazards arising in this period of emergency production? What's new in tho study of aliminun powder? What are the latest legal trends? What la tho audit of sick absenteeism showing? For tho answer to thoso end scores of other pertinent questions in the field of cmployoo health, plan to attend the Foundation's annual meeting Nov. 12-13. Air sampling 734 Arsenic and goitre 7'50 therapy 772 trioxide 782 Asbestosis lung cancer 711 with tuberculosis 712 Denzene and vitamin C 733 Cancer, skin 763 Carbor, monoxide 732 Coal miners lungs 713 Constitution 742 Creosote 769 Dermatitis flour 7S2 hexa- ni tro diphenyl - amine 765 Iroko 767 role of infection 760 skin cleanser 764 skin tests 763 treatment 761 Dust control caaent general hammer mill 724 749 723 Electric angina pectoris 743 Explosives, military poisoning 747 Eyesight glass blowers 759 myopia 756 protection 755 I2IDEX (September, 1941) Pltorir.e determination Gases, explosion 731 733 Heat, excesslTe 737-739 Hydrocyanic acid 771 . Hydrogen phosphide 728 Hydrogen sulfide 729 Illumination 750 Industrial disease legal aspects 725 Industrial medicine general 741-754 Lead battery industry 777 encephalopathy 775 treatment 774-776 Magnesium health hazards 752 Mining 736 Boise, excessive ear effects 753 prevention 748 Fbosphino 780 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 738-757 Reports dust survey 715-718 Respirators approved 726 for formaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 735 Seleri 'em 779 Silicosis ` mineralogy 7C7-7G2-710 prevention 70 6 report 714-719 x-rays 720 Spray-painting protection 730 Statistics, morbidity and mortality glass workers 722 758 Therapy oxygen injection 721 throat infection 744 T.N.T. . 781 Tobacco workers 778 Tuberculosis control 716-717 Tiaaors. bladder 773 Vascular disease 745 , Ventilation 1 ins'tr'raents 751 Vigils1 disease 740-746 X-P.av miniaturo 709 mycosis fungoides 727 'J/ie Manufacturers Associations Connecticut 'Vi' ITt, O * ~ .C-/^f=2./\L. JiCLcWiM Bulletin Mo. 837 September 15, 1341 - Industrial Nurses - "Trained Attendants" A person employed by industrial plants to practice nursing under the direction of a licensed physician is required to be licensed as a regis tered nurse (R.N.) or as a trained attendant (T.A.). Connecticut licensing requirements arc as follows: A. The graduate nurso having completed a course in an accredited school of nursing any be licensed 1. By examination in Connecticut; or 2. Without examination in Connecticut if her course in . nursing equals that sot up in this state, and he or she has boen licensed by examination in some other state. 3. The trained attendant any apply for licensing 1. 3y examination if he or she has completed a one year course accredited by the Board of Examiners for Nursing; or 2. Without examination if he or she has completed an ac credited course for trained attendant work in another state and is licensed there under a similar title; or 3. BY WAIVER (UNTIL XKZ, 1S43) I? 3E OR SEE '(a) HAS HAD THREE YEARS RESIIEMCE IN CONNECTICUT, (b) HAS_ HAL THfciE CR LORE iIAAs'CR EM?SUNOS IN THE CARE OR TEE dick, jvJD (c) HAS lECL.v-.2D is l!T!! afrrcs:rntr:~-ffzf:l; orrawt.h..e.....unitew?** states iCl.< 1 oa~ Attention is called to the last section, in order that those em ployed to do industrial nursing who are not now licensed may become properly certified for same. Application blanks or furxnsr information say be se cured from tho 3oard of Examiners for Nursing, State Offico Building, Hartford, Connecticut. We will bo glad to answer any questions. A-17S9 l