Document V31zZwo2m7Zg33wzG1pX6LkXw

1961: A Year for the New The past year has been a fruitful one both from the standpoint of scientific discoveries and of new products emerging from pioneering research." So says Du Pont President Crawford H. Greenewalt in his 1961 annual report sent this month to the company's more than 226,000 stockholders. Throughout his year-end review of Du Pont's wideranging activities, Greenewalt sounded this emphasis on the new. The year just past saw a new sales peak of $2,191 million, with earnings, aided by higher income from the General Motors investment, moving upward to $8.88 per share of common stock; a new high of $7.50 per share in dividends paid on common stock; continuing efforts to ward cost reductions that helped counter the combined pressures of rising costs and the intensely competitive economy; new efforts to keep pace with the vigorous expansion of foreign markets, either by setting up on-thespot marketing organizations to increase export sales of U.S.-made products or, when necessary, by building plants in foreign trade localities; and new domestic plant facilities to produce promising new products and improved existing ones. But as detailed as his account for 1961 was, Greenewalt's eye also trained hard on developments that show promise for the years to come. Wrote he: "At the founda tion of Du Ponfs record of innovation is a program of fundamental research which extends beyond the scope of present commercial activities." As examples he cited some fruits of pioneering research that are already in the early stages of commercialization: New organic compositions, aloof to temperatures thought of as destructive to organic matter, that serve as the basis for heat-resistant fabrics, coating compositions and plastics (example: a tough, transparent film that re mains intact at the melting point of aluminum); a new kind of synthetic rubber of unusual durability which can be shaped and vulcanized by techniques used in the rub ber industry; a colloidal fibrous alumina with wide poten tial in many uses, from fibers to glass; a new composition that promises to provide means for extruding and shaping very refractory metals and alloys at high temperatures; a flake pigment that gives an unusual iridescent effect to paints and lacquers; a graphic arts film which is clarified by pressure and simplifies lithographic printing operations. How important does Du Pont deem its search for the new? The company's president made this clear when he reported: "Approximately 1,300 scientists were engaged in pioneering research activities in 1961 with an expendi ture of about $59 million, excluding the cost of labora tories and equipment." New heat-resistant polymer studied by l)u Pont chemist has potential applications ranging from films to enamels. March-April 1962 VoL 56 No, 2 THE COVER, I Vesenl ing. in I He* lower corner anil weighing in at 1.122 pounds: Worli) War I's Bopwith Camel, acidly recalled I\y its pilots ;ik "a tierce little rasper'' that "termrized the enemy bemuse he could never lie cerfain il wouldn'l fall on his head." In the opposite cornel' and tipping (he scales at 18 1.500 pounds: today's C'onvair 880 Kupcrjel, universally a(I ;iiired 1 iy crews and passengers alike fur its eagerness io go from here to there with minimum delay anil max ('mitenN MAGAZINE "2 (living the Big Birds a Lift. (> dhp-O's: not off ( lie old block It What's (Timml in Cablets Wax Wash's Wag 11 Finishing Up Floor 1'rublems I< (Quicker Color Mai cites IK .Bottle for a Locket, *( ) Whipped Cream of the (drop The World Under Chicago New Hope for the Dying Klin "2it Fabrics that Bloom in the* Spring \K ]sirgest. Solar Telescope Plays il Cool BO Printed Textiles: I aval iurand Longer-Lived H*2 Whal's New imiirn reliahility. The Camel, wilh its 11t) horsepower be HI Mini' rotary engine, could he coaxed to a top speed of (IS niph: the 880, with its four CIO (',1808 8 jet engines, loafs ink* a landing at !,'!(>. The Camel's fuel tank held 01.5 gallons; (he 880 hums nearly that much in each minute's cruising at. tile niph. By any measure, comparison between I he machines is awe inspiring, and for a report, on hmv petroleum chemistry helped (he aviation industry create the di(Terence, see page 2. I Dll OK Will I AM C. IIAI liY ASSOCIAIt: I Dl I UK LMILY HLINfc * ASSOCIAtt CDITOK JACK I). H 0 N T V R ( 'o|>3'ri"[iLo.i 1 !Hi!L Is. 1 du P-uii ih- Ni-mmirs .-mil < % uu|vi uy ' ItuC. \V limit IpLni, IVlnUai'r AH n>!h|;, i oa-rvi L |'hi>. iHjp'fny-im; or |nrll lii'i-'id m:i.v noi In- ri'pmiltireii its piiy lortn w il limit j u'l mb-.mn ui n ii| mg frmn I In* | n I *1 is .1 **?.. IVih Iih ! in I'.S.A, Clunyn of AiklroB?.: T.n inpmr I'eceivmn your iusI copy, Komi your now acLlrs.;w pmm.nl ly i.t: K4ihj, I Lt 1 `mil YV'ilminphin P-H. 1 >rl. Si-tul old .'idilir-w wilh tin- nc.v, rnrlncmjT ii |><rs.sihlo yrnii aflilrrv-;--, Ijs 1 tt'l. i`iiid nllioo.-i will tiol forward Oitn SiutjBizitie mihvr. yon provide rsl!';t positive:. Pliato Oroiiilm ('m t (Lmlh.-r. c u v it , p-'in>' :*: Wi'-m" World Airlines,. Ci\H'r: i Uulod Ait' i.un's, pages. -L Shell ilil Cn.. p.-!|{t* :i; Wexlmi 1'U.u'i jj. - I'm. pai'er b. U; The i Loodyeai Tire & Lnhhpr Do.. 11;11it'H ic. IB; {inkrndly of Delaware, pape '.A 1`i'll iitixliirv til (<!. ;.ir and water fed lo four emdm-s nf DC-.S provides ni\i....... .. power niilptil Inr liitgr transport's tjntt-k lill-olt from nmv GIVING THE BIC Thne-imm ground rrrw, i-laspiiu; hands and rniiniuc full till, was reijiiired lo cm nit up migim* of Worltf War I lirisfol K2-IJ Fighter, Planes go higher, farther, fader will every improvement, m engines and fuels, Umwn, hem hi the saga: the chemical additive In the seventeenth century. Mother Shipton a legendar Kurdish seeress is said In have predtcled: "l Older train- men shall milk. Shall ride, afiatI sleep and lath; In the air men shall he seen, hi ni/iile, in hlaek and in preen . . Mother Shiptnn didn't, set n fixed schedule. rind it fool 200 years for men to get off the ground. Bui even no, tin big DC...8 above, lifting from (he runway in n racketinj compound of shrieks and whines, would seem to cxecet even her ferfile imaginnl ion. The machine, despite ils M( tons, soars easily fo OO.ffOO feet in a few minutes, cover; 2,700 miles In a little more Ilian tour hours, and Carrie; 12(! persons not. only men "in while and hlaek and green,' but also whole families in every fashionable hue. b 1:-. ..v=:== yj v s = i ;-;vi^ !"Ui?,U!i:!=ur?;.5r !: BIRDS A LIFT By Ja c k T). IIu n f k k No sleight. of hand, the* jol airliner is mi ingenious amalgamation of k*fl scion!i(ic principles, 8!ill. iho onomioiis machine would remain a fairground curiosity if it weren't for a scries of quiet triumphs in ihe research laboratories of the nation's petroleum industry over the past 50 years. In Ilia! span, intense rollnbarat ion among engine designers and petroleum seieni ists has doveI opt'd engines like I he four .Job's on (he IX' H, each of which delivers, smoothly and reliably, a maximum thrust of I,">.!)(K) pounds power Biillicient to operate 120 fighter planes (or nearly Seven squadrons) of IS)IK vintage. Fuel technology lias been a ladder for man's cliinh In Ihe doorway to space, not only by matching aircraft ami engine developments but also by frequently pacing Klein. But it took man a while to appreciate the fact that unless fuel is precision tailored to perform perfectly under an awesome range of extremes in altitude, tempera tures and pressures, the airplane renin ins no more than a toy for adventurers. At Ihe dawn of aviation history, fuel was one of the last considerations in the effort to build and operate (lying machines. With his creation finally assembled, Ihe air man. almost as an afterthought, would till the tank by lap ping a few tins of kerosinc and lake off- frequently with disastrous results, later, (lying even ihe most advanced machines was a touch and go pmposil ion. thanks in great measure to this casual altitude toward fuels. For example, the rotary engines powering first-class tighter planes of World War 1 were fed a diet of the highly volatile motor fuel used in Tin Lizzies of the era. ( An apocryphal story has it that 11 it' fuel vaporized so vapidly a bucketful could be tossed into the nir and nary a drop would return to earfiv) These engines routinely hurst into (lames at. start lip. and pilot and ground crew would wait teiitaf ivoly a few moments to see ( 11 if the engine would continue running: 12) if the propeller wash would blow out tin' blaze: or i ,T) if they should all run for I heir lives. Ill water cook'd engines of those times, vapor locked fuel systems and destructive knocking similar to the "ping" in your ear engine when the fuel burns improperly continued bnnight down inure planes than enemy gunfire. {loaded by such imnie.s, aeronautical engineers began In leiik for safer, mure reliable engines. They quickIv found, however, fhal. engine and fuel iirc Siamese twins: the better (lie [lower plan!, the beller file fuel needed lo run it.; the belter (he fuel, the. belter the. engine required. < Iradually. they established eerlain finalities that must, be eoimiKm lu all avialitui furls: They must not freeze in the airplane's tanks a I high altitude's; must not be so volatile as to eau.se vapor lock in the fuel system, yet he volatile enough to insure good com biisliiin and quick starts; nnisl nul break down into gummy sludge during storage or transport; must (low well enough to permit transferral and metering under all c<nidifioiiH; and must prevent, rust, and resist other engine system eon tain inn nls. These and other sometimes contradictory demands have left the nation's oil com patties unabashed. By broad en'mg their petroleum technology, they have met each problem as it's come first with piston engine fuels, then with tlie jets. And over the years they've received impor I an I. help from companies like I hi Pont, producers of chem ical additives that permit, increased fuel efficiency. 'lake the knock problem caused by improper fuel com bustion, which, if serious enough, can wreck an engine. II was found in the I Skid's dial the addition of tetraethyl lead pet-mils aviation gas to burn ftetter without knorking. '['his revealed that an engine of given size using fuel of high antiknock i octane j value can product'as much power as a larger engine homing fuel of lower or tunc. In of he words, the belter the fuel, the >n nitHer (lie engine. Refiners turned toTKL, which at that lime was mami factured solely by Du Punt, and with the help tif tIn: addil ive ( hey developed improved fuels which permit lei engine manufacturers to make dramatic power plant ad v;11ices. Kxamplr. boll) the I Jberl.v engine of World War and the Rolls Royer Merlin of World War II were liqui< ciidled and had exactly tile same cylinder displacement Yet the Merlin produced more than four times flu- piivvc of the Liberty with less than half the weight per I torse power. Almost half this gain can he traced to the improve incut in fuel antiknock quality. Along with the seesaw climb in engine and fuel ini prnvemenls, fix' search lur chemical additives broadened Pin one thing, dyes wen' developed to provide visual ideii lifieation of the growing number of fuel grades. For an other, antioxidants were found to assure stability in sUnage so that sticky, engine-fouling gurus wouldn't tom while tin' fuel awaited use. Also devised: corrosion iuhihi tors to maintain engine and fuel system integrity. Hays John Rogers, avialion technologist, at Du Pont' Deepwater. N.J.. Petroleum Laboratory; "Whatever ill additive and its function, it must ho (rouble free from fir time the fuel containing it leaves the rel'mety until Hr burnt gas passes out the aireraiVs exhaust pipe. It. shouli not inllui'lice fuel properties other Ilian the pai l.ieula qualify item for which it is chosen; il should have rtodelri mental elicet on engine deposits; il must hi' miscible am I ndrtgi'oniiil iiifl rcser'nil's iire iirn'i'sl device to lueilitale airerall servicing. i'ilol pulls plane up to pump like a motorist in a gas .station. soluble al lh<> required concentration, .and should not Ih extracted hy water; tl must Ik - realistic I'mm a cost stand point. Finally, tl. must. be compatible with other additives present." Ah for jet ft to La, (he antioxidants. corrosion inhibitors ;ititl rueful done! ivntors are becoming more i mi tort.: ml as an integral pari of their manufacture. Anti-icing additives are a iso be ins: developed to .serve critical functions required for safety under all flight conditions. Also achieved: addi lives lo dis;perse insoluble fuel residues that tend to form in the high temperatures of jel opera lion. The sky wide future of (lie jet. is underscored hy the fad that in f!)(iO annual consumption of eommerrial jel fuel surpassed Hint, of aviat ton gnu and is exported hi reach a total of over seven million gallons a day this year. "Avgas" is far front obsolete, 1 hough: il.'s (lie primary fuel for hi),()()() private and business planes in flit' ILK, dolni lingers, in a talk before the .International Air Transport Assoeialion in London recently, said: "The use of gasoline ant! jet fuel It;is increased significant ly since Work! War 11. and while prices of other commodities have risni in I tie period, there has been no increase in I'm'I prices. .Add if is es help provide I nej at. minimum cost, and it's well recognized that, (lie saving of even a Icnfh of a cent per gallon in fuel price means several thousand dollars p-r year in operating a single in fen rational jet." Added he in quiet understatement; "Product ion of aviation fuels satisfactory in this and all other respects is an exact ing business." Ibid residues licit term at high ti'ni|>i'rainri\s arc sliuticil ly On Pont aviation fuel specialist;: loini lingers, right, ami Charles I'usey. mm fond experts u{ \rlhiir I). Lillie, Ini'.. u,si'll flavor (`rotile teelmiqnc tn devise mi "ideal'' torn eliip. 1 y I'ltANK ({ iii-in t u u k itch comes tirsf, ;i food or its llavor? Most people answer "food." A Her ;ill. doesn't a chicken precede an egg? Not necessarily. say ottieinls at Morton Foods of Dallas; what's more, they can prove if. When this largo mntitil'aelurer and processor Kid, oul fivo years ago to do velop a uuitjui* com chip, it i gun rot I the obvious logic that a food should exist before you begin to modify its llavor. Instead il called in Arthur 1), Little. Inc., consul I mg re search company of Cambridge, Mass, A Joint Morton ADI, research team dccidt'd that, to succeed, (lit1 as vet unborn fond had to start life as a unique flavor. Frgo, they set out, scientifically to devise a taste with .sure-(ire consumer .appeal; the food could follow. Last summer, after five years' work lhal progressed from flavor to processes, product design am! packaging. Hie fond arrived: a wafer thin, silvia dollar sized corn product called "ehip-<)'s," Morton sold 100,000 pounds, all if had, the first week. In a short time, the product became so popular, one newspaper reported, that, if you telephoned n 1 )all:is teen-ager, he was a pi to answer "chip O" instead of "hello." "Development of file llavor of chip (>'s was a pre requisite to successful development of the food itself," says Jack 1). Brown. Morton vice president, of productiiin. "With the flavor profile developed 1 >y Arthur 1) Utile, Inc,, we were able to set. up an ideal llavor model; then we could work backward to a coni chip possessing fIio.se ideal llavor chnracieristies." Flavor is at once the most, elusive, important and complex quality of food. 'The flavor you savor conics from chemical stimuli emitted by foods and other materials to the end organs of taste, smell and feeling in both mouth and ilose. The tongue can detect characteristics like sweet, sour, .sally and bitter in a wide variety of materials; the olfactory system can recognize tens of thousands of odors, some of them at surprisingly low concentrations. To help define what, you like and why you like it, the Flavor (,aIsoralory of Arthur 1). Little ten years ago developed its "Flavor Profile." By this analytieal tech nique, food scientists can break down the elements of flavor in detail, and trace the olicet of even small changes in food tastes and odors. Thus, when Morion charged ADI, with developing "a unique com chip." the lirsl step was a flavor profile of existing corn products. Panels of trained ADI, l;inters probed foods for sweet ness, sourness, and similar "per ceptible factors"; sought to associate flavor elements with definite chemicals where possible'; analyzed "feeling fac tors," such as aslriagency, labeling Havers as "dry mouth,'' or "cheek puckering." or "longue or tooth coating." Also studied: intensity of individual taste and odor seiisal inns; their order of appearance; aftertaste; and what ADL calls "amplitude" or overall effect of a flavor, "From our early work, we concluded there was a place for a distinctly new type of corn chip possessing greater individuality," recalls 1 )i. Kdwrtrd Anderson. ADL's senior food technologist. "Nevertheless, we felt- the product should retain the true Mexican identify the traditional limed com flavor associated with Mexican foods." Though they hadn't yet captured the flavor, engineers drew pictures of it: two dimensional graphic visualizations telling them that to appeal, the new food must have an early flavor impact; create a pleasant month sens,at ion; rapidly develop a full bodied llavor that would also rapid thiitiM'm circles ill dmmh drop into Iryrr at rate of SOI),(MW per hour; I lien mitmiiateil line sails, prepares pmclm-t for pucKiiging. 7 Iv disappear when fond was swallowed; and I ha l then' iiiu h I. hi- no unpleasant aftertaste. 'T'hen began a series of formulation (o k Is, using different varieties of corn kernels, in different propor tions, cooked with various amounts and grades of chem ical alkalies. "liven at this early stage, we had our eyes on possi ble new cooking methods and processes we might: trans late into modern automated product ion equipment," Dr. Anderson recalls. "Honielimes researchers can .spend months developing a good formula lion only to find it can't economically be made into a product." So the scope of (he project enlarged from a search for new flavors and formula I ions to include new ma chines and met finds to cook, soak, grind, form. Cry, salt and package chips. A new mode- of pressure conking was evolved, eliminating irregular and uneven cooking. Soaking time was reduced from the usual IS hours lo one hour. Tile first production unit of a newly developed Ursolic I cutting mill was installed to supply the form ing equipment turning out. 800 square feel, per minute of dough with improved texture. A continuous deep fal. frying system was horn to cook 800.000 ehip-O's an hour, salt, them on holii sides, and move them lay vibrat ing conveyor to automated packaging equipment. h Different book Ifven the different look of chip O's was slow going. Jack Brown recalls. "Wet tried many .shapes, finally choosing a round one- because litis shape, when fried, produces many interesting variations in (bird dimen sion variations in curling and waviness that add sub stantially to eye appeal. Then we tried different, dimen sions in round chips, eventually settling on I he silver dollar because it was bite size, and lent i I self naturally to dips and canapes." For an easily identified and flavor-retaining pack age, the (cam decided on .a double wall hag of (wo moistureproof, heat sealing Du Pont cellophane films. The liner, MS Dal, maintains flu- best appearance of all nitrocellulose films in contact with such snack foods. MB!) 58. the outer wall, supplies (he ex I m diirabiliiy needed for a ling construction. Nine automated ma chines make bags and fill them in one. upend ion. Focus on Co 11 sinners Packaging, (lie final step, had both fo sell and pro tec I,; consumer satisfaction is a rule of life with Presi dent (3. Morton, who 80 years ago prinled "You Must Be Pleased" on (tie firm's first, sales slips. Found or Morion was so sure people would respect and 1 my quality tinl he sold a successful sandwich shop in the depths of (lie I )e[n-cssion. Then he risked the 818,000 he had realized on a small plant lo make potato chips at a time when his compel dors were practically giving (he product away. Shi I Morion bought best quality potatoes and shortening, expelimeiiled. and started picking up and replacing hags that didn't leave the grocer's shelf in a given period. (iradually, people dis covered that Morton's product was always fresh: they bought and Morton expanded, adding pickles, mustard and ready folded napkins lo his line. Today, Morton products range from black pepper and soda straws lo salad dressing and lea; flic company has expanded 18 times, reared pkmis in four Texas eilies. built a fleet of over dOO route trucks and >11 large road (mnsporls. I ,ooking lip from drawings of a :15,000 square fool expansion prompted by chip O's, production chief Brown gazes down Ins revolutionary process! 14; line, and sums up Hu* firm's newest venture in paradoxical terms. "This seeming to work backward is a real st:>p forward. It's not a mailer of pulling fiisf (lungs last, so much as deciding which thing is really firsl. "Wr agree with Hu* consumer: the firs! i.esl isfasle." < Jiliil'hil pnlyi'tliyh'iK' iiiMilutod < cmslm tors speed <m way lo heciinie telephoiu- ex el lunge urea cable. l',y Kmii.y 1 lKINK It used !u Ik * y; t ill facet ion sly that I he medical profes sion buried iIh mistakes. noted a British engineer in a hi;-;lory oi power rabies. The opposite. he observed, is the* cane with cable makers. Their successes lie quietly inlet led while their mistakes ;m> tin;.;' lip anil anah'/.eiL Never have cable makers made creator elfnrts to predict and so prevent cable failures than they art* doing today. It's well known Ihni the stakes in the reliability game are high. A t'autly eontrnl cabli* ran cause a Si million missile tn misfire. 11 ei is Is several thousand dollars a day just to rent a specially equipped ship fo raise a submarine cable for repair. A compara tively simple underground residcnlinl cable can bring home a design problem lileraily and maddeningly by New materials add fa the cornph'.xiiy of an already complex industry. Hu I they also lead to sign ift can l improvements malting it. necessary to dig up a prised hack yard. The photograph above might stand as a symbol of fbe dramatic improvements that have boon made in cable in the Iasi 20 years. It shows how telephone ex change area cable grows from twisted pairs of wire t any of which might connect your telephone with a central office !. Tin- colorful insulation is polyethylene, likely from a Du Bunt "Alai hiin" polyethylene resin. Polyol hylene began to replan' pulp as telephone conductor insulat ion in Hint). Today about T> per cetif of all exchange cable that Western Klectric Do. pro duces for members of the Bell System contains poly ethylene insulated conductors. The thermoplastic is economically more alimrlivo than pulp, although its 'W HAT'S CURRENT IN CABLES ,,mliaunl is much higher. Havings are accomplished hi`cause polyethylene has high dielectric strength and is unaffected liy moisture. A system doesn't have, to lie hermetically sealed as older ones did. Sheath lias changed, too. Until IfM.'i most JSell System cable had lead sheath; !)8 per cent of the cable marie today has polyethylene. Manufacturing savings are several million dollars a year, Western says. Examples paralleling this might easily be found in the area of power cable, where lead, natural rubber, paper ami paper impregnated with oil have largely yielded (u newer materials. The panicle of new insnlal ion.s that began 25 years ago is still marching and (he job of choosing the best ones for a given design gels more complex all Ihe time. Of the more than <>00 companies serving t he wire* and cable industry, [)n Pont probably supplies Ihe broadest range of materials. Among the principal categories are elastomers, plasties, films, coated fabrics, textile fillers, insulating varnishes and wire enamels. Recognizing the problem of choosing the best material for n given applica lion, HiiPonl recently formed an interdepartmental Wire and ('aide UomicJl. It will evaluate future needs of Ihe industry and serve as a clearinghouse for information about the various Du Pont products. The first Du Pont elastomer to gain favor in the cable industry was neoprene synthetic rubber. Nevertheless, its history is short enough to lie within tin1 working life of one man. Peter P. Mu raw.sk i, now tile Elastomer Chemicals Dept.'s representative to power companies, vividly recalls neoprene's early years. 10 "In a day when natural rubber sold for four or five cents a pound, we were offering something that cost SI.05 a pound. To make maths's worse, we ennldn't even claim t.hal our mnlerial was a good insulator. Bui we knew that it had a number of properties lhal would he aftmcliw to cable makers. Properly compounded, it was far more re sistant to weather and ozone than natural rubber; if. was tough, pliant, abrasion resistant; it could withstand chem icals and extreme lemperalurea and deformation from cable damps. "If wasn'l until after World War II that neoprene really stalled In have its day. liy then, of course, it was much less cosily. This trade report, written in HM5, is history. We had called on a manufacturer, in the cause of neoprene, as usual. The research director (here told tin about an idea for a one shot cover of neoprene to replace the cotton braid that (lieu protected weatherproof wire. That di velopment opened a whole new area for neoprene." Weatherproof wire a category covering In it It line wire and service drop wire used by utilities became, in fact, one of its major (aid uses. Another large application is in telephone drop wire. Neoprene holds a 20 v<>ar record, too. as jacketing on lighting and power cable in I Vnnsvlvnnia Turnpike tunnels. Mi.ifticonducfor cable covered with Site synthetic rubber controls the signal system in f lic Lincoln Tunnel. From all of these places, the simple, important report is the saute: neoprene has a job to do and it does it. A newer Elastomers Dept, material is "i iypafnn" synthetic rubber, a ehJomsulfoliated polyethylene. Aerial An fii.silj" iiiciiinri/,('<l etnle .system using colored polyethylene lias suupliiicct telephone work. cable is covered willi it for resistance io corrosive fumes, air-home ehomieals, ozone rtnfl corona discharge. It-can bit colon*fI readily for easy phase idrntificnf ion. Tht' depart merit also is developing "1 lypalon" ill a new form that, doesn't require vulcanizing. This makes possible its use over sue!) materia is as polyethylene that would melt- dur ing vulrani/-al-ioii. Polyethylene, Dll font's first plnslie In serve the entile industry, made its del ml aboiil I he time neoprene was get ting established. A cable insulated with it- has been in service' since I9,'.!9. Since then the t'olyehomienls Dept, has Inilored a whol<' line of " Alaihon" polyethylene resins lor insula I ing mid jacketing assignments. " 'Alatlion'." says M. A. Knhieo, Ihc department's wile and cable industry manager, s u it iiicily, "keeps gelling better. "Knvimimientai stress cracking was a problem willi polyethylene in (he early days," he explains. "The weak ness .stemmed largely from ils low molecular weight (ail. We got busy and came up with n succession of higher moleeular weight polymers. 'Alathull' 1000. which we oiler as a jaekelitig malarial today, is a many told improvement, over the polyethylene we supplied ill the 1940's and sub stantially heller than our improved product of .ISfati." Companion to "Alatlion" 11KM), Knhieo says, is a high moleeular weight insulation. `'Alatlion" tlaOO. Other new comers to flic line-up are high density resins Hint in herently are linin' resisimit io mechanical damage aiid elevated lemperahires thall earlier types. 1'nlyefu-iii also markets Ihese cable materials: "Rtilan" tlaim: relJirctanf plastic, which is based on polyethylene. ICs I he eluiiee of International Business M achincs ns insulation for its new 7990 data processing system, and this use aptly points up ifs advantages. "Zy1.01" nylon rosin. Used primarily as an extra-tough armor for missile and aircraft wire, it also is aftrael ing attention as a jaekel over poly vinyl-chloride insulated building wire. "The mechanical properties of the nylon permit a eonslruclion much .smaller and tougher Ilian conventional ones." Kuhieo explains. "Although it's some what: more expensive Io make, the installed cost is less Ilian fur commonly used building wires because Hie smaller diameler and smooth. lough surface allow longer and faster pulls through conduit. Installation damage is prac tically eliminated." "Teflon" TFK and FEP lluoroearbon resins. Well established insulating and jacketing materials, they offer an extremely high degree of reliability. Although (I icy have their greatest use in military applies I ions, they are rapidly becoming economically attractive for a wide van if e.ty of industrial uses including computer wire, thermo couple wire and itnlualrial control cable. There are certain jobs for which elastomers seem clearly indicated i secondary network cable, appliance W wire and ignition wire, for instance >; there are others where plastics are generally used i eommuniealions cable and street lighting, (o name two). There are certain lypes of cables where either plastics or elastomers perform satisfactorily. Service drop wire, which curries power from the pole Io the house, is a good example. Neoprene, "I lypnlon" and "Alafhon" nil arc capable performer.'; and each lias its staunch hackers. cofitmuBd biulcrjtrmtiitt residential |lower made )>> Ok.milr (So. lias nylon-taped conductor; insula bum of "Alatlion"; soniemulnctiiis jaekel. of "1 lypitlon". An increasing number of designs capitalize on the best properties of both. A good e>;;imiile in missile cable made tu MIL C 17777, which may use "Z,vl<']-' nylon jack clod polyethylene over individual conductors and neoprene older jacketing over the completed cable. A noI her example is the new underground rest deni ial power cable from Okoniie (<>., Passaic:, N.*J. Advanlages of such cable, used instead of overhead wires, include improved appearance and fewer repairs. "We've been nlTering various lypes of tilt cablesince IWM6 or Iii;{7," says It. K. Hayes, Oknnite's direc lor of public relations, "For at least ten years we've known that a sound and economical design would tili lize `Alal.hou' and something else. Now we've come up with I he right `something else.' The new form of Tlypalon' answers our need tor an elastomeric jacket that doesn't have (o Ire vulcanized. 'Phis has simplified flic design and kepi the cost down. We think we have a reasonably priced alternative to overhead wire." No single I )u Pont material has a wider range of eahle industry apj.iliea(ions than "Mylar" polyester film, a product of the Film Dept, fl serves as insulalion. plasticizer barrier, separator and hinder tape, moislure proofing anti identification tape: it. also olTers abrasion anti mechanical protection. Laminated to metallic foils, it serves as electrostatic shielding. A new Film Dept., cable material, polyethylene coaled "Mylar", is fast finding use as shield isolation. J)u Pont films play a prominent part in the impor fan! new field of flat ttables. Typically, these cables range from one lo five inehes wide .and consist of flat conductors sandwiched between such millennia as "Teflon" PEP, ``Mylar", or eomhinations of "Mylar" and vinyl or of "Mylar" and polyolhylene. A lelephone company is testing flat eahle for use inside homes. It. lias a pressure sensitive hacking dial reportedly naves r>() per cent on installation labor: householders are pleased because IPs inconspicuous. What's current in cables? 'The answer has changed greatly in Uie last 20 years and will continue l.o change as new malerials. now being designed, eider the field. Flat cable, first adopted in missiles, bus ninny potential uses, Conductors are sandwiched between such films as "Mylar" or Teflon Witlrr bcjiil.s <m car hood no out tu TV's lAIdic Muveholl (In* w:t\ let I Its now I )ti I'onl car wstsli. I his mouth an im|>oi'(aiil addition was made to DuPont's No. "7" line of aidoinoiivo specialties a liquid ear wash dial contains a self polishing was. Lor consumers, this was news enough; for Du I'out's cits lomcrs in the hade, though, the product signaled some thing extra. Hie produel is called No. "7" Wax Wash, and it's described as a (rue wash and wax material that deposits the wax during a normal washing operation. The con edit rate's chemical ingredients remove surface dirt and provide a bright shine with no rubbing or other special afterwasb procedures required, When used on model'll car finishes in relatively good condition, subsequent applications i average cost lo consumer: 20 cents each ' bring steady improvement in gloss, since previously applied wax is nol removed. No. "7" Wax Wash can he applied to all parts of (be car wheels, chrome, (rim and windows included vet. no wax residue remains on glass. The new liquid's ability to deposit, (irmly adhering wax on a painted surface' (ml not on glass is due lo an electrochemienl phenomenon which prevents the material from smear ing windshield and windows. This eliminates tin* an i loyal tee of Irving to avoid glass while washing a ear w if.li a cleaner containing wax, In San Francisco recently, the owner of an aiilomot ive wholesale establishment signed a truckload order for the new product. And it was here I ha l the something extra cropped lip. The caller from l )u font a new man participating in his lirst sate took the customer's band, pumped it vigorously, and with expansive pride in his remarkably mobile face, beamed: "That's my hoy!" Ordinarily. Du font representatives are not se. el milieu!, even when closing a large transaction. Hid for l-lddie Maycholf. TV', film and stage comedian, it was his first face to face experience with a customer in his new role as the most unorthodox product promo lion man in flu font's No. "7" organization. MayehofV, whose portrayals of the winsome stuffed shirt have inspired ci it ies lo unaccustomed effusive ness ; ('nr calls him ''comic of the century" 1. will serve as tin- unifying element in a series of television coin mere in Is Du font has scheduled this year initially for the No. "7" Wax Wash, then later for other products iu the line, lie'll also eotdriluile to point of sale promo lions and lake part in trade gatherings attended hy 1 Itt font's wholesalers, jobbers and retailers. Although eulerluinnient is his forte i lie has eo starred in movies with Bub I lope, Dean Martin and .lorry Lewis and won raves for his interpretation of (hi* pompous general in the stage \ ersion of "Visil in a Kmall Planet"! Mayehotf still cherishes memories of his pro theatrical days as a salesman. Says lie of his new role, therefore: "it's not exactly new to me. my hoy." From textile mills to schools, maintenance men using a new urethane enamel are IFiV in the si ill sultry gloom of the idle carpeting dryei Charles Andrews sweeps his flashlight beam over Hr clumps of snarled lint that have collected oil the lace o l.hc unit's I jig air 0 lie ns "See that lint?'' he asks. "Well, it's nothing lo wha it could be if we didn't take special measures." Andrews is supervisor of the finishing area at Beatfii Manufacturing Co.'s plant in Little Kails, N. J,, when up lo 2,000 running yards of carpeting are dried mu readied for shipment eaeh right hour shift, lie'll (ell ym that lint-picking is, literally -a major preoccupation of iht textile industry. Says he: "Whenever you work with large amounts of yarn: like we- do even Hie high quality .synthetics such m `Orion' acrylic and nylon tiny libers separate lltemselve: from the product. These cause fwn problems, h'irsf, [he' cling to floors or collect in nooks and crannies, complies!, ing plant housekeeping. .Second, they build up in thesi gas. fueled dryers, where loo much lint can drasfiealh reduce efficiency and create a considerable fire hazard So, both for tidiness anil safety, we make a big effort h keep tint to a minimum," Finishing Up Floor Problems 1 lili gloss, soil line l eouerele lloor l nailed wifli iirellutiW eiiamel enliaiiee looks and prneliealili of Ik-altiCs (iiiishiui; me a. Today. nut* of (hr principal allies in (his cITort at Beat lii* and elsewhere is a now floor finish by Du Pouf: "Imron" urethane enamel Tin: coating provides an ox eeptionnlly hard, elastic, high -gloss surface that prevents the accumulation of lint, oil and other foreign mailer and makes ii easy In clean onee-stubborn areas. Bonfire applied the pigmented u ref ha no to the flour of iis (hushing area Iasi ,Pnno. Since then, lint cleanup lias boon greatly eased, according to Gerard Bush, main tenance supervisor: moreover, he points out, the (lour siill looks like il has been freshly painted despite (he pound mg of rubber-fired lift trucks and the shifting of stock. The finish available in horizon gray, light green, ivory, yellow and black --- will protecl nol only heavily traveled floors and stairways but also dry cargo bins, holds and slrnofuros or equipment that fake frequent almse from abrasions, fumes or spills of alkalis, dilute acids and industrial solvents. And, although if has a slick appearance, `'imron" provides a surface* (hat resists slip ping hazards. The new finish is essentially the same as (he clear "imron ' textile Hour linish. an oil free urethane coating used .suceessfuliy in more than bOU southeastern textile mills over tin* past four years. For instance, more than a million square feel of hard maple and concrete doors in 11 mills of Fieldcresl Mills, Fnt*., have been coated with the clear finish si nix* 1!G7. Some of Ihese floors arc more than .'Ml years (del, yet "[nmup' has given (hem a look of new freshness. 11. E. Williams, di reel or of safety at Fieldcresl and conrdirintor of its (lonr refinisbing program, cites four key advantages offered by (Ik * clear "Imron": ( 1 ) if cures rapidly, even in coiiflitions of high humidify; i 2) it is extremely resistant to abrasion where doors are belabored by employee I rati it:, hand frueks and bobbin boxes; < I if is easily cleaned; and < 4 i it retains its clear sparkle without Ihc yellowing, or darkening. I ha I occurs with other floor finishes. Minimizes ltderrupti<h is Williams points to the last-curing properly of "Imron" as being parf iciilarlv significant to l.exf ilo mill operators. "In high humidity conditions," he says, "Ihe moisture ill tlit* air actually helps by serving as a catalyst. The higher file humidify and temperature, the faster flic* dry. !n hit per cent humidity or higher, (tool's are lack-free in one 1u fwo hours and can he buffed and recocted in three to four hours a I'acfor of some importance in keep ing operations interruptions to a minimum.'' As a resulf of these and other field uses, "Imron" has attracted the attention of maintenance people from paper mills, pharmaceutical plants, public utilities, chemical laboratories, machine fool plants, chain stores, schools and office buildings. "Imron" enamel can be applied to wood, masonry, metal and concrete with equally good resulfs if surfaces are properly prepared. C Af Beattie, for example, the con Crete floor was washed with clear wafer, etched with a five per cetd solution of inuriafie acid, flushed with wafer, thoroughly dried, then given two coats of horizon gray.) Ass is lance in in if iat applications is available through 1 )u 1'onf's Industrial Maintenance Finishes Division, The enamel is packaged in one gallon and five gallon Ahrudoii nrsislancr. eiisx Iwuseter-ijiuj; ;trc* noli'il in Kieklrvesl mill when* maple Hoot's arc coated willi "linroii" textile floor linish. two compartment containers. In one compart motif is the vehicle, similar to flic clear 'imron" textile floor linish, and flic other contains flu* pigment paste. They can be mixed as received, and (he finish is applied by either brush or spray. If covers 110 to Tib square feet per gallon and forms a film about fwo mils (hick. The enamel is tack-free in four fo six hours alter application in a fempernltm* of 77 ' I*', with bt) per cenl relative humidify. In these same conditions, a second coat ran Ik * applied after lt> hoi ms, Although "Imron" door finishes involve slight ly higher initial expense, users report that increased service* life and reduced maintenance* costs more than ott'sef Ihe difference. Field tests slum' fhaf lor wooden floors I he average cost of preparation, application and materials in applying two coals of clear is 12 cenl;- per square foot, compared to ton ecu Is per square tool willi convent ional varnishes of good qualify. I lowever, service* life for "Imron" is found to lie fwo to three limes that of (he* of Iu*r finishes. Beattie's Gerard Bush is ns pleased with the pig mented "Imron" as In* has been with I he dear variety that's been used on Ihe wooden floor sections of his plant. I le applauds Ihc case with which lint comes up from the* enamel, file rapidity wifh which truck tire skid marks wash away, and he* says with an air of esthetic apprecia tion: "Him* looks pretty, loo, doesn't if','" Ti if business of ;i ('< )M IC written with capital letters-- is serious indeed. It'K an electronic instrument designee! In speed llic mulching of colors by determining r; i j a id I y and accurately I ho combination of dyes needed to produce a given .shade. Colorant Mixture Computer is its full name and it was developed by Davidson and T-leimuendinger, Easton, I Vi. Du Foul is the first dve manufacturer to install a COMIC-, all hough about bO are in use in .such places as textile mills and paint and plaslie resins plants. Du Foul entered the dye business during World War .1, when supplies of European colorants wen* rut oil. Now. as then, the matching of shades for customers is a large, part of dye service work. A highly trained shade maIdler looks at a color sample a hit of doth, a scrap of paper and makes an educated guess about how it can he matched. I le then mixes several dyes in a beaker, colors a anm|ile and compares it with the one he wants to maldi. So experl can shade matchers become at this dye and try method that tin DuPont. Dyes and (diemSeals Tech tiical laboratory today generally mails out. the required, dye formula within -1B hours after u query is received. But mailed samples lake lime to reach the laboratory and then gel hack to the customer. A paper mill, say, that needs to know a dye formula to hid for an order wants answers fast. Moreover, there always are stubborn samples that might, require several days or a week to duplicate. Here, especially, is where the CO MIC fils ill. ft usually can find suitable formulas in one half to one qua rl er as many t rials as purely visual met hods commonly require. Du Font dye. specialists emphasize, however, that it is not a cure all for shade matching problems. Certain dyes that fluoresce., for examples present particular di I lieuHies. Color can be analyzed by an instrument, called a spec trophotometer, which measures the fraction of light relleeled at each wave length of I lie visible spectrum. Each shade, then, has its peculiar profile, called a ".spec! rophotomelrk; curve." Before it can function, the COMIC needs values de rived from these euives, mil. only for (lie shade it. seeks to match hut also for several dyes that, if, seems likely, would combine to produce it. This information Is fed through "plug-in" boxes, one for each colorant. It takes an operator with both ability and experience at shade matching to select the right plug-in boxes. He must choose dyes that not only match the shade but also meet the customer's requirements in such properties as bleed- and light-fastness and that are in an acceptable price range. When measured values for both the sample and the trial match are placed in the computer, their differences appear as a curve of dots on the oscilloscope. The operator then adjusts concentration dials to make Ms trial formula match the straight zero line. If no combination of dial set tings will do this, he switches to other dyes by replacing one or more of his plug-in boxes and tries again. His goal is to achieve a match that is spcctrophotometric--that is, one that looks the same as the sample under all lights. This COMIC model is equipped with a Tristimulus Difference Computer (TDC) for use when such a perfect match is impossible. With it. an operator can quickly ob tain the best metameric match--a shade that looks the same as the sample in some lights although not in all. Generally, Tech Lab makes a test dyeing to compare the COMIC's first approximation with the given sample. In some cases, the match is acceptable; inert* often, how ever, adjustments are necessary. Experience to date sug gests that most COMIC matches ore successful on the second or third try. Precious time is lost.. and the value of the COMIC lessened--if Tech Lab must prepare the spectrophotometric profile of the sample it. seeks to match. Ideally, a customer would plot this curve on his own equipment..a recording spectrophotometer or equivalent Instrument equipped to make reflectance measurements. He could then relay the spcctrophotometric points to the lab and quickly get back the formula for a match. Such an ideal system is on the horizon. Du Pont dye specialists want to bo certain first, though, that they have as thorough an understanding as possible of how the COMIC can perform. Applications that will develop with experience, they say, will make it an even more valuable tool in handling color problems. Polaris missiles are containerized for train trips from, plant to port. Neopre/i Slmofc absorbing eapacily i>) missile fonljiim-j* is tested by slamming extensively instrumented prolntype against a conerele wul I tv !;. I'1.T. Hic k Ounnydale, ('aIil\, is Ihe tranquil stranding origin (if one of (he 11lost imposing weapons in the 0.8. arsenal, the midear armed. submarine based Polaris rocket. As I he embryo '"birds" eo:rie ofl (lie assembly lines at 111 is West ('niisl. mantifarLuring silt1 of I .nekheed Aireniff dorp.'s Missile mirl Space division, I hey are quickly distributed In sub bases on both (ho Pacific and Atlantic. Kadi tnem her of the globe girdling Polaris sub (led. carries a full complement, of sixteen missiles. "* In their journey from plant to port, Polaris missiles pi> tin;! class, slowed in very special containers designed In protect both missiles and I heir solid fuel rocket en gines from harmful environmental exposure or damaging shook conditions. Looking somelhing like huge thermos hollies, (he ribbed steel eon taillers are pressurized to 20 psi at 70"'h'. and dehydrated to a humidity range of 5 "00 grains LlyO lb. air at 100 K.; they're air cunrlilioiied heeatis*' of Hie bit i 10" I1', temperature limitations, on the solid roekef propellant. Within the strong outer shell the missile is shea I bed in a close fitting inner cylinder. A series of air springs, a(Inched to (he inner surface of the sleel shell, isolate the missile tube from external shock. Design and maim tael are of the air springs was an extensive technical pi eject carried out by* The (loodyear Tin* & Rubber ('oinpaii.v. Akron, Ohio. Out of a series of experimental const rud ions emerged (lit; "rolling kibe" type of spring, which is essentially a fabric reinforced neoprene synthetic rubber sleeve al.fadied to an internal piston. WIii'ii (he pislon thrusts agninsl a preset interna! air pressure, the sleeve turns inside out and a bulge is created where the infolding occurs. This is the lohe. A the piston moves, the lobe ripples along the exterior hence "rolling lobe." Type 71-I Du Pont nylon tire cord is used in Hi carcass of tin* neoprene spring. It is prelrealrd for mini muni .stretch and shrinkage and is not. woven, but laid ii parallel strands (with a few transverse "pick cords" (, hold it log*theri. Two plies are laid up, similar to lit way a tire is built. These inlerseeting cord plies increas strength: milter Ilian rupturing when subjected t.o ex treme inversion, a cord reinforced sleeve actually Iighl.ru ib; grip on the end connections. Photos, rigid., of a typical rolling lobe air sprin under test, illusl rate how it. looks when loaded. Precise! how well the spring performs depends upon many I'adoo (loodyear found, including the* shape and dimensions u the lobe which, in lurn. is modified by the shape of 111 piston and (.he length of its stroke. Load stroke curve were plotted for a variety of spring designs, operated un Kit'ht sf-i` icf^rntp Dir spring-: ' til. d ! i 1> ! ; : th i .. < ; . i i'd i ; I'V-Id IT-. liiiiim* Mitjunf : J;* 18 dor various inflations, speeds and temperatures, TIk - final singe of development. included studies of spring characteristics on a full size Polaris container. Thin work was conducted at (h Midyear Aircraft ('orporaiion's plant in Litchfield Park, Ariz., where flic eont,-liners were huiIt for I.oekheed after (lie join! development, work hv (SAL and Loodyear lire engineers. In I he present design, eight, spring assemblies, each using throe air springs, are mounted in forward and aft positions in each quadrant around the cylindrical portion of the missile container. Additional air spring mountings in th<> two dished end sections complete the system. Cushioning specifications call for reduction of long! Itulinal shocks from 22 (1V, down to (i < i's and of trans verse shocks from 7 clown to A (Ts. That the springs readily attain this performance was graphically proved in one instance when a missile carrying train was involved in an accident. Longitudinal forces of 32 33 Cl's were experienced i recordings were made by an accelerometer that had been installed to measure normal shocks via rail) and I he suspension system dampened this extraor dinary shock to a mild 3.3 tl's. Kpeclaciilai- confirmation of bloodyear's sound engi neering design gratified hut didn't particularly surprise A. B llirtreitor. chief engineer, air suspensions, who showed us Ihrongh (heir mechanical testing labs at. Akron. (loodyeav has been in the air springs business for over six years and Iras furnished many thousands for auto mobile*. Inis ami truck service. More recently, < loodyear rolling lobe air springs have been specified for eushioning AppraniiKT* t>l n rolling hhv nil* sprim* as 11 yirhls In a Inailmti Io il l is in flu'sc lima1 lihulos takfii in ( *o c k I year's im*c;h;ink';il irjiliug laboratories. I lie iH'opretu* sleeve JtrlnalH 1 on is inside on! as 1 lit* spring is progressively compressed. rquipnion! abopnl (he newt-si n.iv;il vessels. ihe Pom'siuL Pnlcrprisc. ('otisii>llatioit and Killy !havh\ Hirfivilrr nv:i lls l.h:i ( nal.uml ml>1 h 'r and a variety of synf.hol ies had been considered for these air springs, but a neoprene compound was ultimately selected. ".Neo [irene has good dynamic properties, approaching those of natural rubber; good abrasion resistance, compared to of her oil and age res is I; nil. rubbers; and good resistance to atmospheric ozone, oil and aging,'' The missile containers are reusable and all materials used ill their enns.truci ion must have a minimum service life of three years. They are normally transported on rail road Hat cars hut may be air lifted, trucked, water home, and, accordiiig to 11 irtrrit.er. "are rugged enough to lie drawn by oxcart,'' Whether carried by car. carl, or cargo plane. 11 ie Lolaris missiles are cradled as carefully as any glass hi i| lied ship model in llreir custom I'd ted, air spring cushioned "rocket, boltles." mm---- ---- rn _ iht* snowy mound lh;ii. graces tin* dessert at I ha left is more Ilian whipped cream lo men of the Du Pont. "Kroon'' Products Division. Kor them, it's a giant step Iowan! a faster {{rowing aerosol dispensed fond industry. which til! now has lagged far behind nonfood aerosols. The cream was discharged hy a new food propellenl. blend featuring " Kri-on'' L 8 Id. which has just been ac cep l ed hy tin* II.ft. Food ami Drug Admmistral ion as a. kind additive. ('heimeally oclalltioroeyclnlnilane. (he com pound is nontoxie, coiorless. odorless, and lasieless; it (loesn'l modify Ihe flavor of even the blandest cream. "This is Ihe liraI. lime tile advantages of liquefied gas have 1.... .. available to food processors," explains Larry I bill. "Freon'' niarkeling as-sociale. "Now (hoy can gel hath higher qua lily products and a wider choice of pro pellenls, Foods that before nmv couldn't hi' dispensed wish aerosols are now possible," To atari, though, whipped loppings is the market, hirst So aclopl Ihe product is (ioldeu (hiernsey Dairy Co operative, which is using LIUS in a blend with nil rolls oxide supplied by (111 in ('hemieal iK- .Surgical Equipment Lo., of Madison. Due result: Wisconsin housewives using "Heddi Wip" ami "Top Wip" and in.slilntious using "Font Wip" will shortly notice that the creams stand up linlh Finger and higher. Tests show licit "Freon'' turns out. ultras! ill', mi usually white topping (hat doesn't yellow. Many an aero sol using hostess is all loo familiar with cream that soon loses lex In re and collapses to a draining ooze. The new propellent turns on), tiny, tilth I ly knit bubbles I hat keep Ihe foam standing firm and tempting Ini' an hour on cool desserts, Thu:: the hostess doesn't become a ghost ess; she e:m lop desserts at leisure before dinner instead of rush ing later, after guests arrive. In eafefcria.s, where desserts wail in display eases, stable foam is even more essentia). Heal is ordinarily the ruin of whipped cream, I lull explains, "The new si ill loppings, however, huh! up |;> 111 minutes on hot gingerbread and the like, compared to five minutes at best for cm rent products. Fven in vegetable toppings, creams propelled by `Freon' stay .suitably lirm. in I'acIT he adds, "Ihe lower (he fat content of cream or topping, the more dramalie tile improvement. It's even possible In make loppings with very little fat a new op porfmiily for marketers in a calorie vomiting country," C Inc notable tea I lire of L !>18, when used as tin: only propellent, is that it doesn't lose its push before I he food is gone. Until now. compressed gases like nil rolls oxide, nitrogen or carl ion dioxide have been used. Bui, each squirt of food has meant reduced pressure, for as product is dispensed, compressed gases expand to (ill the emptying can. and a lower quality product, ensues. Willi (,'-.`118, however, there's a reservoir of power that keeps vapor pressure uniform so long as liquid propellent remains. Natl only is the Iasi serving of loud Ihe same frothy qua lily as tin* lirsl, hul (here is no Ti/./.ed oul" can sf.it 1 sloshing with food in Ihe but him to alienate housewives. LUIS is not a panacea, of run me. I niliallv, the prod, net is expensive. and Hall points out Mini such factors, as solubility or compatibility ol Ihe propellent with each food have lo be checked. Bill with n fully aecepled li<j11ce lied gas available, companies can now spend research mi mies with some assurance of a ret urn. There's room for growlh; for while Americans are using 70S) 800 million nonfood aerosols a year, fond units are running only (>a million, almost all of which are whipped loppings, "Our development siiidles suggest this may only be the beginning.'' says Halt. The compound shows promise fur pushbutton foods such as cheese and canape spreads: mayonnaise; spice extracts and flavorings; salad dressings; and even buiter for eornbread and oilier crumbly edibles. Chocolate and strawberry flavored loppings ran lie made with whipped cream or vegetable emulsion bases. Pancake mix anil peanut butter are not impossible. "Besides giving a stable, uniform product whose (lavei ls locked in a sealed container, aerosols can bring real conveniences. Consider cake froslings; just as cake bak ing has been simplified, so (he job of heating icing and messing howls and mixers can be eliminated by L ft 18, A housewife could apply frosting by pressing a button.'' Much useful information regarding compatibility of (MS IS with ninny types of food ingredients lias been de veloped in Ihe course of testing and experiinenfat ion, ami is available to food packagers as part of "Freon" Products 1 )i\'is inn's regular leehnieal service. toil may .see; Diriw ami latiajie s| irc-ails , . . loiig-hotiiin iIc s m-iI , . . ma> miitaisr amt qM-rialty salad ili'essiiiyo In lingo slnt'in ilraiii. clay layer at(i|) mek bench is miiicil mil with air spades, dumped by <><i THE WORLD UNDER CM Hy K. H. J KNKINS, .III. Sixty feet below what will soon bo a mode! city highway, construction men mid explosives experts are burrowing a I r>. mile-long tunnel that few Chicagoans will even know exist K. 'The $ I f> million project is the huge main storm drain of the Smith Route Expressway, a soon to he completed, eight-lane addition to more than KM) miles of high speed highway Chicago has built in the past. 15 years. Traveling the entire length of (he expressway, the underground drain varies in size from 4x4V? feet to 15x14. Its sole function: to carry away (tie heaviest, rainfalls withoul. flooding. In Chicago, it takes a lot of cooks to follow the Arrn.v Engineers' classic road budding recipe*, uC<el the wafer off and the rock on." This entire region in rt broad, very flat plain interrupted only h,y barely discernible ridges at id divides, and it contains very few' natural watercourses. In addition, since August ISt22, when the Calumet Hag Canal was opened, Chicago has kept all drainage out of Lake Michigan, flic* source of its wafer supply. Result is that. I he city depends upon a huge arlifieinl drainage system in which flic bulk of unwanted water is carried oil by three stream::, the ('-liieago, Dos Elaines and Calumet Rivers. Ordinary road drainage ditches wouldn't work will the South Route Expressway, southward spoke of a when whose hub is downtown Chicago. Volume of water to tv removed was too great, and the expressway goes Ihrougl residential and maiHifaduring areas. Only answer was ai enormous storm drain, sunk not only below the road I iti also below the river levels. Because wafer must Ik * hnisler GO feet into run off si reams, pumping slat ions wen* needed At. 241b Street, and the Chicago River, W. K. O'Nei Const ruction (to. is putting in a facility to handle K15,00( gallons of water per minute, wilh additional siorage being, available in the tunnel itself. A similar station is going iifi at the Calumet River, and several smaller boostei stations ore installed along.' the route. The tunnel has been planned in sections, each worker by individual contractors, including Kenny Const met ior Co. of Illinois, Inc.; John C. Tally Co.; Michael Ponfarelli Inc.; 8. A, 1 lealy Co.; and John I Jolierty (`o,, fur. no Buskers rock from hbixtmg Lx rmimeil Isv bucket hum huge debts, T hen tunnel is completed, shafts will be enlivened to manholes. me. into mi lie cars lor i't'tnuvnl. Tin'll explosives crews bins) out rock. AGO lit Utc lb mill' stretch, these fiimtel men have fmmtl dial Chicago rests upon every kind of foundation: Hand, hardpun, clay anrl rock, and at times, mixtures of all. Only one contractor, Kenny, lias encountered solid rock from ilnor In ceil in;;; the others arc dealing with "part ial rock headings," sandwich I ike faces with clay tops and rock bottoms. "These slow flic job," explains a foreman, "be cause we have to delay using explosives until we mini' out. the clay with air spades. Then, when we blast the hared rock, we have to he earefill that, we don't knock out. roof supports. If the clay is hard or when the layer on lop of the rock is hardpan. we can blast out the hill fare, and get. a faster advance." By the lime the job winds up, nearly a half million pounds of explosives will have helped carve fhe route. To meet wet underground conditions, all contractors have used Du Bout. Special Gelatin -III",,, a highly water resist ant, flense explosive, and "< lelex" I or "(ieiex" 2, semigelatinous wafer resistant dynamites. Another Du Pont product gives special aid with the L'ai'ing a toll fork liradius;. eiploxiies crew loads "(teles" 2 into drill holes, readying a blast that will mlvniicr tunnel leu (eel. rock enemmtereil. Niagarau limestone is a setniliard dnlo ntll.it; limestone that miners' language calls "dead" i.e.. it's not. brittle like granite. "To pull a good round." < 'lueago's funnel men have used "Aeudel" Delay Gleet He Blasting Gaps, which fire a sturessioti of shots with accu rately limed intervals between, allowing heifer rock move ment, bolter fragmental ion and more advance per round. The tunnel, like the expressway overhead, will be tin isliod this year. "It won't be (he lirsf tunnel that cost SI million a mile." observed one muddy booted wag. "But it may lie Ihe first, time people will he happy because so mill'll money is just, water down the drain." 2d Dutch elm disease Hies its "Hag." NEW HOPE EOF THE DYING EE1V Mefhoxychlor makes a strong ally for towns anxious to sa. this noble tree at the least expense to taxpayers and wildli By llK. I)h a n k W. h'lNNKi: rv Its 19;f0, ulatil pathologists examined a wimple of wood taken li'imi a willin'; tree near Cleveland anti made1 a grim d lagnits is: Urn It town dots in n ring just under (ha bark were Vcmlory>;fin ttlmi, a beetle-borne fungus kits twit as JittId) dm disease. Prognosis: the stately dm delight <>l' poets and pride (if cities could ultimately vanish from the IJ.S. unless moms were found fo control Ihe malady's carriers. From Hint .alert ciiiiK' a hitter running skirmish be tween inan and insect, which, in subsequent decades, lias developed into a full blown battle raging in more than 20 Htat.es. And today, although I Hindreds of thousands of cherished Irens have fallen to his attacks, the tide is turn-, ing significantly against the elm bark beetle. Reason: Du Pont met hoxychlor. Dutch elm disease is a vascular wilt, caused by a fungus carried front diseased to healthy trees by the small er European hark beetle and sometimes by the. native, hark beetle. (One insect alone can carry enough fungus spores to infect and kill an HO fool. elm.) The disease first, becomes apparent with willing or discoloration of leaves on one or more branches a condition known as "flagging," because willed branches show like flags in healthy foliage. The beetles spend the wither in the larval .and pupal stages under elm bark in weak, dead or riving elm trees, elm logs and firewood, and the. fungus eonunonly grows in the galleries they occupy. With spring, tiny brown adult bodies emerge fo 11 y (n nearby healthy elms and feed in the crotches of younger twigs. Disease spore's carried on their bodies contaminate the chewed amis. There's no saving Kiieh an elm. since (he fungus inexorably fbrollies the tree's wafer conducting and sapwood functions. Two-way Control After protracted investigation of these facts, state and federal entomologists eslablished a. two phase pro gram of control: sanitation, or thorough cleanup of dead elm wood, and spraying of healthy trees with insecticide. 'The first measure destroys fungus that, eoufiniies to thrive in dead wood: the second prevents infected beelies from feeding on stiil-uneonl.nininaled elms. Until the late EDO's, the recommended insecticide was DDT, sprayed on trees when dormant in Jale fall or early spring. From Ihe first, .DDT proved effective, but .as spirits rose among tree lovers and eonservationisls, there came another wetback. Songbird mortalities had begun to climb, and there was evidence of 1)1 )T's complicity in the deaUiH. Facing up to this irony tour years ago. University i Wisconsin .staffers such as Dr, Dale Norris, eitlomoIngi.H and Dr. J. J. Hickey, wildlife management spe.cialis began to look for an alternative insecticide. Their ntl.et lion nlliinal.ely centered on mefhoxyehlor. They ran comparative lield tests which showed Hi melhoxyehlor to be as elteefivo as DDT when applied r a 12 per cent emulsion sprn.v during the. spring dormm season. Moreover, I best) and other tests revealed t.b; met.hnxyehlor is from 12 to ,'M times less toxic to robir and other songbirds than DDT. (Nor does (ho chevnie; adversely affect animals. It's widely recommended b state, and federal authorities for direct Hireling onto iivi stock, including dairy cows, to conlrol Hies, mosquifot and other pests.) On ihe basis of these studies and Ihe eonsidei'ahl biological information gal hen *d since then, melhoxychk; provides a very effective elm hi irk beetle control when :i| plied in the spring or fall, and its efficient ust' is found I cause no significant, loss of wildlife. Taking the cue, a number of communities have r< corded drama lie results in (heir eff'orls to save elms wliil breathing easier over the bird mot In lily quest ion. For ex ample, Western Springs, HI., has kepi annual elm tre Ihaillliy omiiim'iiliil elms luce good clrance to siirvbo dixense A. ' kilh'i at work: Kvit;* chew ing h:n*k brclle spells doom lor I fie* rim, losses Iraerahle to I hileh t > 1111 disease In loss I hail two per cent by pursuing a careful snnihiiion program along willi ihe uae of molhnxyehlor. In cities vvifhmil similar pmprams, losses mny be 2!) per cenl annually. One large Illinois community discovered Dutch elm disease in IfJ J7, bill heean.se ii waited uni II I`M!> to initiate a program, has had to remove I a,000 dead elms front eily properly. Another lair* starter in Illinois reports it doesn't expire!. to save one elm. A I bird losl 0,000 elms in HMiO alone. In southern Wisconsin, where about 75 per rent of urban omametdnl trees are of the elm variety subject l.o I lie Duleh elm disease, extensive melhoxydilor spraying programs are under way. A lypieal pmgra i n is that, of Milwaukee, where the use of mel.hoxvclilor was begun during the spring of 1001 on about ball of the city's ti>( 1.000 elm trees. Tree sanitation and insecticide applieationH l.o city owned elm trees cost, money, of course. Hut in answer to queries from taxpayers who wonder if the expense is worthwhile. Dr. Norris wrote in (.he publication, 77;<* A/nri lean i'ily, recently: "SueeeRst'ii 1 disease eoul.rol easts money, and lew people voluntarily seek higher taxes. I iuwever. (Ik * faxes required to support a good emit rol prof?;ram are generally tio mi in* than a sudden fax hill required in pay for com pulsnry removal of the thousands of elms iti your city when the disease gets into high gear, "The average price of etfeel.ive free protection for 10 to at) years will not. exceed the average cost, of required ile,-id tree removal: thus, control is a highly practical mens ure that actually spreads uni Ihe tax hill over years and retains most, elms for enjoyment (luring your HIV span." 2f> i'h FA It li IC S T II AT It LO O P .., beg fo be picked for home sewing I've heard lhal xytilhelk' fnbrieH are hard to new. If this Ik true, can't K(ni(>lhinj.; be done to overcome I hr problem? Man made libers are so wonderful in other ways that if seems a shame if they can't l>c 1 land led readily by women who like to make their own dollies." The weirds vary from fetter to letter, but the question is familiar to sewing experts in 1 )u Pout's Textile Fibers Dept. An estimated IF) million American wot mm sew these flays, more often for pleasure than from necessity. They flrifl fabrics of Hu Pout fibers "Dneron" polyester, nylon and "Orion" acrylic and blends of these with natural fibers widely offered in piece goods departments. If they have questions about. Iiovv to sew with such fabrics, Du Pont is understandably eager to answer them. < Company specialists point out that sewing sy ill belle fabrics, like washing or ironing them, is most successful when some special techniques are followed: Shears should be .sharp. Needles should be both sharp and liins To help prevent seam pucker, sewing machine thread tension should be set. lower than for fabrics of natural fibers, [''ewer stitches should lie used with fabrics of the man-made fillers; normally ten to 12 stitches per inch are Katisfaetory. To prevent raveling, seams should be- finished. One reason some women have found synthetic fabrics hard to sew is that they have used (lie wrong sort of thread. DuPont, technicians say (irmly that only thread made from such synthetic fibers as nylon or ``Dacron" has the necessary stability, st rength anil durability to be compati ble with synthetic fabrics. Obviously, any contraction of the thread in a sewn seam will pucker the fahrie. This shrinkage, may lie caused bv water or heat during launder ing, or by the recovery of thread that lias been stretched by Heaving under too much tension. Thread manufacturers have been active in their <'(Torts to use .synthetic libers to best advantage. Ooats & Olnrk, Inc., New York Oily, offers"Tasinii" textured nylon thread; texturing gives it a soft surface that reduces tail gliug and breaking. Nylex Co., Hackensack, N.T. applies a special bonding agent that imparts a slight, stiffness t.o its "Nylex" thread, making it easier t.o thread and less likely to slip on the spool. Designed tor heavy-duty sewing, "'Nylex" is no strong Dial if deties breaking by hand. Ft's available in many varioly si ores across the country. Non 26 tarnishing metallic thread made of nylon and ".Mylar" polyester film is offered by (iyloek ('nrp., Philadelphia. The manufacturer recommends it. for adding decorator touches to draperies, curtains and bedspreads as well as pockets and lapels of garments. Its uniformity and rouiulnesx make for easier sewing. .Representative 1062 piece goods mafic with Du Toni, fibers are pictured at. right. Particularly newsworthy are fabrics of 100 per cent. "Dacron", ranging from batistes i Rosewood Fabrics, Inc., and Bolding Ileininway Co,, Inc.) to the erepey "Whipped ('ream" of Fnbrex (Yap. and silk like flora I prints by Bohama Fabrics, Fabrex Corp. and A. P. Silk Co. "Torgn", a crepe of 55 per wait "Dacron" ami -1f> per cent rayon by ,1. P. Slovens & Co., Inc., is available in n wade variety of solid colors. Travis Fabrics offers a blend of 65 per cent "Dacron" and 35 per wait imported flax t hat looks and feels like fine linen wit.li I,lie added advantage of superior wrinkle re sistance. The ever-piiputar blend of 65 per cent "Dacron" and 55 per cent cotton is plentiful in poplins and broad cloths, in solids, plaids and checks. It's also the choice of Reliable Textile Co., Inc., for "Relshan", a new shantung weave available in I f sol ill colors. For those who want, a heavier fabric for early spring, "Lorelie", a blend of 55 per cent "Orion" ancl da per cent: Wool that's by now a classic, is oll'ercd in checks, yarn dyes and solid colors. Mil liken Woolens, Tnc.. mar lads it. Move in the opposite direction aiid you find a number of very sheer fabrics. "Faeonne" by Bazaar Fabrics is of acetate and nylon in a very open design, "Slieerfnst", nil organdy of new 26(1 Du Pouf, nylon by Durelle Fabrics, is recommended for curtains and bedspreads as well as ap parel. Harvey Mills oilers dress lace of "Arele" acetate yarn and nylon. t. "Dacron". (. ehanm Fabrics t. "Dacron"/.*5` col Ion, ,1. I'. Sic veils y Co.. Inc. 3. ami t. f>V,', "Dacron"/ fS','. iaiperieil tins, 'I rjivis Fabrics 5. 10!)', "Dacron". I allies Corp, (1. and 7. fi5'5 "Dacron"/ .W, eollon, I ravis Fabrics X. Hit)'',. "Dacron". Rir o u k h I Fabrics 9, i>5"Dacron"/35'I,' coUon, J.P Sic veils & ('o., Inc. 10. fiO' < acetate mid >10'.;. nylon. ISamar Fabrics 11. 100'.';, "Dacron", C'ohama Fabrics 12. 100'.,', "Dacron", Fables Coif), t.1. 55',. "Dacron". 45`:i rayon, J. P, Stevens & Co., Inc. All el these converters have cilices in New York t"i(y. ...hid not loo cool. Astronomers keep a new telescopes temperature normal by pipiny wolcr all arm solar Iclescope looks I if* t- lliis ilr;iwinj;. By .ItlltN L, I'.MUsK.lf i'hnitipinish-: hy the author At Kill Peak Nat Umal Observatory, 15 miles s.uiilhvv'* of Tiirsoii, Ariz., astronomers have gone under;.; round yet a better look ni the sun. To builfl ilie worlds laryi solar fell'sci>pe. they have bored ,'i00 (eel info a momita 'Hie teles*-OIK' is designed especially lo sillily I sl on ns tlial raye across (he fare of Ihc sun, a(Tee(iiis> I earl IBs atmosphere by their violent eruption;!. 'I'he n servalory. a joint uiMlerhikiuy of nine universities noil f National Hr ieriee h'oumlal ion, is (he first completel V lit astronomies I complex it) (he U.S. in '.lit years. It's loeah on Kilt Beal;, a Hat (opp* (! mountain (hal abrupt iy vea some 7,0110 feel, above (lie Arizona Sonora desert, plai Unlike a swinging stellar telescope, a solar lelescu; is mounted in a fixed position; in many rospeels ifs li: a bellows type camera. The "bellows" in the Kilt IV; instrument is it liuye ennerH.e-and steel tub** 500 feet Ion Telescope is .sliealhed in iiiiiiels eniitaiiiina nine mili.-.s ol luill-iiivli pipiuy. Tlironylt this u Pollt ethylene glycol prevent (rcezinp Some ;'()() lr><i. are hclnyv ground. The nmi hung Till i'eel jut iml fidm iIn surlaci* al a ',Y1 decree angle; the lube is supported al iIs upper end by a steel-reinforced eonereic pillar HKI feel high, At the lu|i of I lie pillar, an 80 inch Ilnl mi iror called a hel it iHini is mounted in a coat ml yoke. When I lie lele .scope stalls working, a precision clock d i i\ e will ml.ale (lie mirror once every 1M hours In track the mol ion of Uie sun across the sky. From I iris mirror. a beam of sunlight will be reileeled lo a (ill-inch concave mirror al (he boUtmi of the tube. Then it will be rtiiecfed to si ill another mir roe, which will project it. to an underground observing room. There I he image up l.o I f inches in diameter may be photographed or analyzed di.veliy by means of a power fill spectrograph. The images formed by lliis telescope will be larger and more brilliantIv i!lumiimieii than Ihose oh ts :t Mtliilinri el msts'f ;iml I >? t bent Hie Irnc gh cut atil tl Yev/.v, fained wilh olher such insf i uments. I)(-.spile ils greal size, (he Kill Peak solar telescope is extremely delie,ale. To eliminate vibrations that could spoil its focus, tire support mg pillar has walls live led (hick sunk 80 loot into bedrock. The asl ronomers also have planned carefully to guard against another possible cause of distortion warm air currents rising from the ground or rolleded from surrounding objects. The entire tube, from I he top of (he supporting pillar to the bottom ol flic I mmol, is .sheathed wilh copper panels dial contain a I mu I i line miles of ha If inch piping. t'i reu fa f i ng through I his network of piping is a mix lu re of (i.OUO gallons of water and .1,000 gallons of 1 )u I 'out el Indent* given! mil ifl'ery.e. I'noled by radiators near flic tower base. Hie wafer keeps the insl mmenl's temperature normal despile outside temperature variations of as unit li as i'J. F. between night and day. The inside temperature is aulomal ieally controlled by a series of thermoslats that regulate tin* rale ot coolant circulation. "(loot but not. too cool" is the watchword, and that's whore I he I )tl 1 \ nit a i it i) ree/.e comes m, Its service to I he telescope is much (he same as it is to family ears: it keeps tin1 pipes from free/.ing. At Kid Peak il wilt slay on the jot i in summer, too. since I hi* solution will circulate over iefi igelal ion coils pall of Hie time and freezing again will be a problem lo bo prevented by l hi Pont anf ifreeze. With this advanced eiivironmcnfal control (he first system of ils kind lo be installed on a solar insiriiineiil il. is expected that maximum use can be gained from the telescope. In older instat tat ions, perfect viewing is ob tained only Tl per cent of ftie time. Dr. Nicholas II. Mnyalt, director of the Kill Peak l fb.xcrvatory, believes the highly ina.giiified solar studies will give astronomers greater knowledge of the magnetic lield sfi uclures created around sun spots. These are the holds thal exert an adverse elTecl on radio and television wave bauds and more especially on space lolenieii v. Willi I Ih * new telescope in use, lu* says, it eventually may be possible l.o predict magnetic storms in Hie earth's atmosphere just as (he weather is predicted nows The observatory also has live slellar telescopes one 80 inch. Iwo .'Mi-inch and two Id-inch that great Iv ex pand (lie research facilities available lo l hS. astronomers. Workers wedge neoprene sponge between panels lo form a weather seaf. The Du Pont synthetic rubber withstands dimulc extremes. 29 Printed Tc.rli/rs: Livelier and Longer-Lived Du Pont'ft new line of "Savulux" fast colors and a special process for applying them combine, to improve Riverdale drapery ami slip-cover fabrics 1 rin((id drapery and slip cover fabrics that meet new standards for both color brilliance and colorl'astness are in stores across the country this spring. Standing squarely behind this flat statement are Du font, which developed a now line of colors and a spe cial process for printing the fabrics, and Itiverdale Drap ery Jhiln'ics. New York (lily, which markets them. The two companies have gone (o unprecedented lengths to make sure that, consumers can buy these fabrics with con Iklence that their colors are truly fast. Many women have had bad experiences with fabric colors. Some fade in sunlight. Others run ill the wash. There arc* some that lose color from nibbing and still others that aren't safe at the cleaners, .Studying home furnishings fabrics some years ago. Du Toni dyes specialists decided that improvement was possible. 'They began what: eventually developed into a two-part program. Tart one led to a new line of some 2:1 dyes, which make up a rich palette and are now 1 rademarked "Havalux'' lllllll Ml Mb' HmMgMPKfH/BTkb BB WM111 r ` r/t \ jg* i* J - HN| im Ml Wmm mm /y :. . b-j. m cAi-- :JRSil RjawMaKpEaBl ../""X HffWl ilium......awlllR^ ^ liutly AI perm, a Kivordale vice president!, shows cotton lahrics colored with Do Pont "Savalux" last colors In a department store hover. fast colors. Some of those are standard vaf dyes and others arc- iw>w. All have passed the most stringent. laboratory lasts I'nr fastness ill four areas. I low fast Js fast? A candidate for the name "Havahtx" is cheeked for suntastneKK in n Fade Omefer, which ex poses fabric: swatches In file harsh light of a. carl>011 are, simulating direct exposure in Ihe Florida midday smi. The lest for washfnst.ness is tHjunl to live' home washings in hot waler with detergent and chlorine bleach. Fasl ness to dry cleaning is checked by agitating swatches in a Laundor(tmelor containing full .strength commercial dry cleaning solvent. Many colors thal are otherwise' fast can still he removed by abrasion. They will transfer and slain an other fabric, such as a white dress or a we! swimsuit, thal nibs against them. Tests for rub olT. or "crocking." con sist of rubbing .swatches vigorously with both dry and wet: cloths mounted on a mechanical finger. Many of the dyes that passer! muster have been used for years to color cotton fabrics in solid shades, but, at. least a dozen could not bo used in printing by conventional means. Part two of the Du Pont research. then, became an effort to develop a new textile print ing method. The process thal resulted is a refinement of the Du Pont, padsteam process, a standard way of dyeing solid colored cot tons economically and rapidly. Water-In-Oit HimilsioMs. Flash Steaming Key to the effectiveness of the new printing process is Ihe mixing of dye pash's into unique wafer-in-oil emul sions and Hash steaming lo develop the colors. Printing is done in a conventional manneron .standard equipment. The emulsions, however, make it possible to run machines faster than in ordinary printing. Tin* process also is of value in screen printing when soluble gun is are list'd. Even more important:, the new process permits the vise of many fast colors that can't, he printed satisfactorily by convent innal methods; it also yields prints with a more solid, dyed appearance. Yellow, for example, long has been a problem to fab ric designers. A yellow dye used for years iti printing degrades cotton fabric so badly alter sunlight exposure that (he cloth disintegrates during washing or dry cleaning. The irate customer usually blames the commercial latm flever or dry cleaner rather than the culprit dye. The new Hold, colmfast prints from Ki\ mlsile's new line lend tfiemM'lves to imugiiuilnely decorated rooms like these. vf?"! DC Mm. I'' Mm 1PP printing process now makes il possible to use a well behaved "Havalux" yellow instead. The better selection of colors also produces holier`aide improvements in the lightfnstncns of pinks, reds and oranges. Violets have belter resistance to water spotting. Hlue.s are more brilliant and me a Heeled less by chlorine. Browns ate nonllnring.. that is, fhey keep the same color in either daylight or artificial light. Biverclale's entire l!Kid tilit: of cotton and cotton rayon drapery and slip-cover materials is ottered in the new colors. The fabrics carry a legend. "Color Styled With Du Pont `Savnlux' Fast Colors,'' on ihe selvage or on tags, showing consumers (lint quali(v requirements have been met. Coordinated solid shade's also art' available in (.be fast colors. So are fhe ready-made lied room draperies and spreads marketed by liiverdale's Scroll Products Division. "Suvallix" colors an' available only to milts that agree lo dye mid print wilh them in ways that will achieve specified fastness standards. Mills also imisf submit fin inhed fabrics for critical testing by DuPont technicians. The clarity and richness of the new prints are readily apparent. 1ml a consumer must take their cnlnrfastness on faith. Du Poufs rigorous test, program is her assurance that tin* colors will he long lived ns well as lively. ,, ,i i f! tu,n ( M g '.ill* i * t! % \ I i. t 11< I: t ., | >i 1II 111 is) ~ 1 u t i i k oil CC s I Cc rents pro viding downward jet thrust Ini' increased lilting mill <lrivinji power has been iiltnidiH'i'd by Rnl.sey & i.apllnmi, Inc,, sailuiakcrs, (lily Island. N.Y. Millie <>l I )n Pool s Type tilKI tie loti sup(tit>I by I he I ,;iin|M>i i S;iii rabs'iv i ,ii,, ,\cw i oi k s ,ily, liaises s \ enion has run lilt, is stable on close reaches, amt considerably lessens knock-dim eliecl. Sail is available Ini' all boats, from smaltesl spinnaker use In Id.y ocean racers. For rare and feeding ol baby: I'lini'-piecc inlaid set 1ms been introduced by i>it Void's I'olycln'inieuls Plastics Products Divi sion. Sol features' drinking cup of linear "Alaihim" polyethylene resin ill pink ami blue, a utility container made (root clear plas tic. and a brush and cuinli in pink and blur regular ` Alalltoii . Product is available at must lieparhnen! stores, variety stores ami many other retail millets. ><>  Liquid spray for quick engine si ails: "Moisture Guard", a liquid spray that displaces moisture upon con tact, has been added to the Du Pont No. "7" line of auto motive specialties. The product is found to be particularly useful in starting wet automobile and power mower en gines. A liberal spraying of the ignition system makes engine operable in seconds, without taking anything apart. "Moisture Guard" also provides excellent metal surface protection against rust and corrosion, and serves as a pene trating lubricant that loosens corroded nuts and bolts. Coin-operated clay target shooting: A coin in a slot and a push of a button starts "Auto-Trap-Shoot", a new indoor shooting game. Featuring special choke-bored Remington 22 caliber pump guns, standard rim fire shot cartridges, fully automatic traps, and miniature clay tar gets thrown at varying angles against a realistic outdoor mural, the game offers extra attraction for bowling alleys or other indoor game centers. Manufacturers are Auto Trap-Shoot, Inc., Champaign, 111. Handy handbook: An engineering reproduction hand book, published by the Du Pont Photo Products Dept., is being sold through dealers handling "Cronaflex" engineer ing reproduction and drafting film. Designed as a working tool for the reproduction engineer, the handbook features application and technical bulletins plus information on the wide range of films of "Cronaflex". Long-life electronic equipment safety device: Tests show new actuating rod of "Delrin" acetal resin in door interlock switch operates more than a million consecutive times without failure. Device, made by Micro Switch, a division of Honeywell, is for use on door frames of cabinets or consoles containing hazardous electronic equipment and cuts off the power when door is opened for servicing or checking. Power resumes when door is closed. Ice water on tap: Automatic water cooler small enough to fit under the kitchen sink uses "Freon" refrig erant as cooling agent, permits drawing of 40F. drinking water from push-down spigot mounted beside regular cold water faucet. The cooler, merchandised as the "Sunroc Tiny Titan", is made by Sunroc Gorp., Glen Riddle, Pa., and retails for about $150. Release agent for moldings: Du Pont has developed a product said to solve many mold release problems pla guing molding firms. Virtually nothing sticks to "Vydax" AR fluorocarbon telomer, which is available either as a dispersion or in aerosol cans. It dries fast, leaving a slick coating that repels dirt, oil and water; withstands molding temperatures to 500F.; won't stain, become gummy or build up on molds. Paint dries smoothly, without "orange peel" effect, on plastics shaped by molds treated with "Vydax". Molders can obtain samples for study from DuPont's Organic Chemicals Dept., Wilmington 98, Del. Pocket-size chessboard: "Symbolic Chess", marketed by Arthur It. Braun Co., Cary, III., features pieces that stay in place even if hoard is inverted, snap-in storage area for captured men, compact size and durability suited to use by servicemen, students, travelers. Set is molded entirely ol "Zytel" nylon resin. Leading horses to water--with nylon: Lead line made of Du Pont 707 nylon has been introduced by Alexander Industries, rope manu facturers, Lawrence, Mass., to replace less durable materials cur rently used by horsemen. Fiber provides lines that offer ease of cleaning, strength, light weight and resistance to mildew. GET UNSURPASSED ACCURACY WITH NEW REMINGTON AUTOLOADING 22 OTHER NEW NYLON 22's Send for free literature describing other all-new 1962 nylon bolt and lever action 22's. fynunglon #pofe> "Kleanbore" is Reg. U. S, Pal. Off. and "Hi-Speed" is a trademark of Remington Arms Company, Inc., Bridgeport 2, Conn. In Canada: Remington Arms of Canada Limited, 36 Queen Elizabeth Blvd., Toronto, Ont. E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS A. COMPANY (INC.) WILMINGTON 98, DELAWARE RETURN REQUESTED THE ACCURACY SECRET of the Remington Nylon 66 lies in its structural-nylon stock and fore-end. This super-strong material allows the same 3-point barrel bedding principle used on the most expensive target rifles. To fully utilize this pinpoint precision, the Nylon 66 receiver is grooved for 'scope sights. Rear sight is fully adjustable with thumb screws. EVEN SOAKING CAN'T HURT THE STOCK. Stable structural-nylon is made to stay hand some. The stock in Mohawk Brown or Apache Black with inlays and spacers will look as good as the day you bought the gun even after years of use. The grip arid fore-end feature sharp checkering .. .attractive and important for sure holding. Convenient top-of-grip thumb-type safety. REVOLUTIONARY DESIGN. Receiver parts, stock and barrel are a strong interlocking of steel and structural-nylon. Friction-free parts glide on "greaseless bearings" of nylon, no lubrication needed. This creates the most trouble-free autoloading action known. The test engineer above put the gun through 5 hours of rapid fire without a jam. Weighing only four pounds, Nylon 66 has a capacity of fifteen long rifle cartridges. NEW "HI-SPEED" 22's with "golden" bullets and "Kleanbore" priming feature pile-driving power and amazing accuracy. At 50 yards out the bright, extra-clean bullet packs more punch than a standard 22 does at the muzzle. Bullets come in solid and hollow-point types. BULK RATE U S. POSTAGE PA I D WILMINGTON, DEL. PERMIT NO. 4