Document V15xn2QX4Xry6N7bwJ7GkaxN

i% -4. 11 i Xasfwe* .Exposure ist . Titanium Fi^sa. da Peat" Fignsm. s. June 7S 8, 9, lv dapagr , -n-. mm inr or* -J o =. ' V, V "xi V. "D '?,, * . On Jsae 7, end 9 Mr. 1. Fasig and the writer again relieves the various panel and/or boose taste of the national Lead Coopery (basic s|iicat@ white lead exposures -only) and tte Titanium Pigment (torporetdon af>Saywille, Long Island, and the' is Feat PigMit Division at Vilaington, Delaware. . In geMmi,, no outstanding an ^evelejffimte vara observed. A considerable portion of the inepseiioag iconsieted of review of progress of e;^poEur@s wfeieh tei been cheeked over previous years. - For this reason, details will- be emitted in soae eases where reference to earlier reports will give' necessary background data. Certain general .statements ay be msdes 1. There still ar no iadieatioag of any nm white pigments in the -paint field or of ary unusual methods of formulation not already unde? ob servation in our own exposures. - 2. Each year the preference for the bodied oil type of house paint formu lation becomes established more definitely, although some differences in opinion may appear as to the proportion mod degree of polymerisa tion of the bodied oil content. General better clean-up and greater mildew resistance of bodied oil formulas are'definitely established. Current moves by some manufacturers from S.75 to 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon seem to arise from a desire to meet our gloss rather than ary deficiencies in durability. 5. The tendency of rutile titanium pigments, especially the most free chalking types such as B-SQQ or R&-10 MO, to show a yellowish dis coloration in a white chalking paint ia now recognised generally, end their use in white house paints is not recommended. Thcyellowing is more evident on paints with ei&cium carbonate extenders than with oagbesiiaiit..Silicate, and is aggravated ca 4Se south exposures. It is claimed that rutile calcium pigaents such as BC HT do not show . this ybliow.;dii^aLesatian'. 4. Entile titanium calcium pigsents of the more free Chalking type such as Titanas EC HT still show mors dirt collection than would be desir able for a white bouse paint. The use of some anatase pigjaant improves the situation but does not entirely correct it. 5. Titanium Pigment Corporation has withdrawn any previous recommenda tions for low p.v.e. house paints which contain no extender, end in which the vehicle is neutralised with sodium, hydroxide. Such paints eventually show slit cracking and tendencies to peel. They still are considering low p.v.e. paints which contain some extender, with at least a portion of the vehicle MgO - CaO neutralized bodied oil. N12515 0007-SWP-66060S721 6. Sbbsrtson* a / Til jrfjp.. ' mast Corporation, favors higher ttts^-mm oxid, contents, up to 2Qe, and prefers slower t&BlMag Titanas'd^ or siaisajs blends cf Ti.tf5n3: .I'wifh M eeasasnsumt with Inwag f cleanup required. L? Msle srlsaast. %M,ts lead eeatsnts eik^M be used, as high e&rtanat eprttae; band t keep th paint . and iHacrease dirt coilectiea. to fejectia rtieh asy he rsdeei against 11% pa^hth is thf$ -$it pt,ei%' may aaeeursg th .painter to brush out'the plnb top far d; reduce the durability through application of toe this iplauu - ` 7. do Font still dees not recesessad fcsleium esrkmat extenders for white v paints. For tints the dry tgmssd R. B. CarrdU York Uhitf is preferred, end usually reglassf ether- extenders at equal oil . demands, although alternate apptfm,chm &g under test, ' 8. da Pont*b tests m the use ef chalk. resisting titanium oxides is priming coats ere very interesting end efesuM be wrtehed carefully. more towards mere chalk reEistet fi%,- specific13j E=S10i r M IG, would seen indicated, when th supply sitetioa. permits. Nations! Lead Ccaroagr - Sarrflle. lane Island. Mew fork: Only the exposures involving basie silicate whit lead were exanined on this trip. Panels exposed south rertie! for/five years,' three coats gelf-priffid on cedar show XQCJ? basic silicate-iikite lead, ia oil as having -a trifle less cheeking than the eoareotioaal basic -' earbonat white, lead in oil.' Both ere gray in east:end-.hare .not cleaned up. In mixed pigaeni paints, exposed for. th sea period, a. Eg?- basic carbonate white lead, 15? Titanox 1, 2C% sine oxide and 10? asgaesiura silicate paint is clean hut checked. Mhm. basic gilieat replacesbasic carbonate at equal relume, leaving the other poundages the same, the . silicate paint, shows a trifle less checking, but both are checked. In the 100? straight pigasnt mints exposed north the basic silicate paint (at equal pigmast relume) is grayer than the carbonate, showing slightly slower chalking tendencies. This is also evident on similar paints exposed for 1-1/2 years. There is considerable cracking end peeling of the mixed pigaent paints on the north side of the fence after fire .years'-"exposure, definitely less with the basic silicate paint. However, the basic silicate paint looks deficient in hiding power , end has more mildew than the earbqnat paint', tfaticoel now rates basic silicate white lead approximately equal in opacity to Old Butch whit lead, so that equal relume replacement results in some drop in hiding for the paints with basic silicate. Straight pigment paints after 2-1/2 years exposure comparing basic carbonate whire lead with lead sulfate (10 and 20? FbO) and with basic silicate white lead favor the silicate. The sulfate paint shows more peeling and the 1C? PbQ sample looks thin. 0007-SWP-000006722 BapLaciag bo. ,j n mw 4 y i is ailltet ip I.' 4M01 rterie rimer. shews. mi 4 vit, equal perforate eft-: . */2 years. Hot -bese panels a s * s&ia'te omd Hoveabes and therefore haw actually had two amexo of 'weathetiag. v /. ey M TT^P-26 F&iat? Sstertsrfrfnsr using 25$ basis carbonate sad- 25% basic sulfate whit lead,sth@ r^glceemgat hr ]. with bejsic silicate of |) the sulfate or (2 all th ubit* lead did not. affect :thb performance up to 2-2/2 yearn. ' -fl Is another seriee sot sLl/S year self-prised, a pint with 45$ leaded, alne, 20$ basic fxbaakt, 15$ Titeaex.A sad 20$ magnesium silicate, basic silicate replacing-ttw bade sulfate white -lead sad part of the sine oxide sad using X SO sine oxide at-.29.S$ p.v.c., is is goad condition after 2-1/2 years. She mb s is true mm additional silicate replaces "the BSHL. If i&re Male silicate is-added up to equal cost there is a trifle ear cheeking and 'peeling -as if too sab active pipat-were present. This .is acre apparent on the north than, on the south. Hatieaal rates ba4e: eilisate mppmlmtSly equal to basic carbonate is reactivity, and feels that at hi# lead content the sine oxide should lie', .reduced to keep the film fros bseoaijag toq hard, -National thinks -Hie order would b something like 2$ sine -erdd '.' -for ^.r jft'tesic.'carbonate or silicat white lead. Basic silicate- was used in a gny house paint with a control pigmentation of 48$ leaded.sine, 20$ basic carbonate whit lead, 105 Tifcaaox BANG, 25$ magnesias silicat. .Ensures- hate run 2-1/2 years to date. Be.plaeoBSB.te were .(1) 45 X basic silicate for lead sulfate at equal Volume, (2) for .sulfate plus some sine-, odd, (5) for carbonate and sulfate plus some sine oxide, and (4) additional 45 X to equal the original cost, displacing magaeoiua.'silicate..- 'Wat- retention, drops off slightly where basic silifest is used and: scraa cracking has developed on Group 2 and 4 woods. Other exposures after 1-1/2 years using - replaceseat methods (2) and (5) indicate that the total activity should be raised in the'interests of tint retention, but this might also inbtease tendencies towards film failures due to excessive hardness. In general, the Hatdessel Lead exposures are not well executed sad frequently show rmtfasr u bu s u eI failures which detracts from confi dence in their results. The scope of teste covering use of basic sili cate is - conventionally foxSmlated house paints is too limited to psrsit acceptance of their recosmaendations for its use in large volume sales of house paints, without prolonged testing of our own. 0007-SWP-000006723 's?1?r\-> SsyvmeA.M, island, New jrie al Basic Silicate mite Lead Series. . Titanina figwnt's exposures cf basic silis&tc white lead include Series.7953-60, exposed for almost three years. A typical 25$ Titfe (Titanox A_.or RA-10 MO)/ 55/65 leaded. |dae/P$ Kffl/rt a&@sesi. silicate fosmlatian was revised to Include repiLacemeatffi % teals silicate for Cl)"basic sulfate-sMte lead eiOy, () tesic tertamte only, (5) both, sulfate and carbonate.." fas paints hare the pre-mx tFP tender -with gg$ p.w.e. There is less crs'.cid^i Toiia tesic silimte replaces -fee sulfate, still tetter when ..the carbonate r bsth fe esrfjM,t end sulfate ere. replaced. ' fheo the; control paint is used o mo j ? M-401 primer in which basic silicate: r~ places E|CHL, the psint does cot gesa to wear away quits m- fast as ever the regilar HMQ1. . jbLltcg^M-MlBJllfflSLgllg She composition of this series bss teen briefed in previous re ports but. is repeated here because again there are definite developments. " This series ms started at Dr. Holley's suggestion that tests be made to see to much extender could be introduced before durability , is" affected . . ' seriously. The paints were'first applied in 1941 and each year .'Since,. : three coats self--prised on cedar and whit pine.1 The eo^josltiens of .the ; paints ere. as fodious: Pigmentation.. 15$ Titanox AA - 46 leaded zinc - 19.0$ BCWL - 20$ Asbestine {50% ZnO) 15$ Titanox AA - 42.0$ leaded zinc - 17.5$ TOL - 25.5$ Asbestine (27.5$ ZnO) .15$ Titanox AA - 58.5$ leaded sine - 15.7$ BOUL - 50.8$ Asbestine (25$ ZnO) 15$ Titanox AA - 54.6$ leaded sine - 14.7$ BOTL - 55.7$ Asbestine (22.5$ ZnO) 15$ Titanox AA - 50.8$ leaded zinc - 12.6$ BOWL - 41.6$ Asbestine (20$ ZnO) 10$ Titanox AA - 50.8$ leaded zinc - 12.6$ ECtt - 46.6$ Asbestine (20$ ZnO) gebiclo 94$ Refined linseed oil - 6$ Z? Bodied linseed oil. 85$ NTH FTC - 29$ This series, still in good condition after seven years, again shows an advantage for lower zinc oxide content at high extender levels. (Note conflict with National Lead theories.) The 25$ sine oxide paint is in the test condition, followed closely by that containing 22.5$ zinc oxide. All show sons cracking, starting with alight at 50$ zinc oxide, going through a minimum at 25$, increasing again and accompanied by erosion and checking at the highest extender levels. The lest two paints become almost transparent in wet weather. The same paints tinted show about the same sequence after seven years' exposure, with the last two at 20$ zinc oxide content being Inferior. 0007-SWP-000006724 w |$b .* sgs : .-ietary. joints exposed' for % . j . High Standard, both in good-sob - ?icd include i && Montgomery \ g p At w. evidratSy^had -rosy jpodr flow is l..iaps.best. du Peat. "Ti-Sil*-gi&at is ered?d, cheeked end cracked. /' tbs' 8swseries exposed in ISM end mm few years old,.eon- ps?es 15$ -Titanox A.-.'Wiih.M, end alirey taw M. This is consistent with all csparimc ehowliig m the chalking of the TIQj is .retarded* th-psiat zcpt the Titanox M paints at 22*S% and 20$ asific exid sJw scss oraeMsf, 'With erosion developing at the high extender i>S! #S', @TOSioa on the north, vertical, exposures as oa. the south. " ' A similar series, exposed is 1946, repeats the mm compositions tot varies the titanium oxide as follows* (1) 20$ Tiiaase* A 168, (2) 15$ Titanox A, (S) 15$ fittest M 10, and (4) 10$ ttUndx M 10. and 5% Tiiencx A, 15$ Titanox EA 10 deyliipjir some yellow cast and collects some dirt, both of which are reduced the use of 5$ Sitaatel. - 13s last combination used is a pint of 55$ p.v.c. with 4.25 pounds oil of which 25$ is bodied oil pro~ duoes a sooother film and is a trifle cleaner then. th high oil formula. IsUasgaiLfif ".titgng^L ,.. This is a new series- put out is 1947, three coats self-primed on cedar and white piss. The fundamental pigmentation is 15$ TiOg 46$ leaded sine - 1^: BWL " 20$ mpiesium .silicate:at 29$ pw.c. in the full oil vehicle. Th titanium oxide? are respectively (1) A 24* (2) AA, (5)A 168, (4) A regular, (5) M HC, (6) M 25, {?) 1A and {8) RA 10. Titanox A is cleanest both south, and north. Of the remaining anatase oxides, the order' of increasing; gre^mess is A 168, AA end A 24.. BA 10 is the cleanest of tih@;! rutile oxides, sot e^ual. to A'regular, followed by BA, HA'25, with BA HC! .showing most dirt coUeetion. (d) Rutile Calcium Paints This group; of exposures, also described previously, includes a series pit out in June, 1943, 3 coats self-primed on cedar and white pine. The pigmentations include: 50$ leaded zinc - 50$ Titsnox .BC " " - 25$ - 25$ Titanox BC HI " - 12.5$ B - 57.5$ - 50$ Titanox BCIT - 35$ Titanox BC - 5$ Titanox A 168 - 10% magnesium silicate (5) cleans up to some extent and has less yellow cast than (1), while (4) with 50$ BC HT does not clean up, although it is better than the others in the group. All show some erosion and (2) and (5) some cracking. These arc all high oil formulas at 29$ p.v.c. 0007-SWP-000006725 la IMS, scr ^ m patterns: posed using the following pigments, -. (1) . 50$ issued sihe -> 5 titssiaas ealeltns (2) 40$ leaded sine, ~ 50$ titaadtp calcium - 10$ magnesium silicate CSV- 40$ leads! stoc - 40$ titanium ealeiaifi. - 20$ magnesium silicate (4; 25$ zing azide - - -SOp'titanium ealeiiisa - 25$ magnesium silicate . The titanium calcium pi^at ms varied as follows: A. 50/50 ttbaaoK M/ BC HT B. 100$ manor BC m C. 50/50 Tibanox BC HT/inatase Titanium Calcium The HCS paints sre always cleanest. HI are quit. ao& south vertical, bit the "A" and "B" types show spotty eleaa-ap on north exposure. Pigmentations (1)C and _(2)C are preferred. - Ce) Tint Base Paints A series of gray tints pat out in 1347,. three cents self-primed, on cedar and white pine, is reported for future reference. The pigmenta tions.ares (1) 40$ Titanor, B0 - 50$ leaded sine - 50$ magnesium, silicate (2) 50$ K - 55$ sine oxide -15$ B S (s) 40$ ES - 50$ " - 50$ J C4) 40$ IS -35$ - 25$ * " (5) 50$ n - 40^ leaded sine - 10$ caleium carbonate (6) 50$ w - 40$ - 10$ calcium sulfate (7) 40$ (8) 40$ K it - 50$ sine oxide - SQ$ calcium carbonate - 50$ " * - 30$ calcium sulfate The paints are ground with the full oil vehicle, 85$ H.V.K. and 29$ p.v.c. After one year's exposure the magnesium silicate paints show slight streaking, the calcium sulfate and carbonate paints having slightly better tint retention, with the sulfate paints shewing slightly more streaking. CD High Pigment foluae Paints This series, also put out in June, 1347, is also described in detail for future reference. The paints were formulated as follows: 0007-SW>-0000 06726 l. led 'sine - 55, -j j u s x BC jilieats .ehide: 7S% rs\*. ied linseed til - s% %z lied linseed pil 77% H.T Jl. P.V.C. (2) 35/tf leaded zinc <> 35% Titanox BC JIT - SS% Katur&l hiting . (S) 33% V " - X0 Titanox 4 - 55% * X*). 35% ' * - 35% Titanox'tC IT - 3C$ * (5) 53% P - Titanox 1 - 55% * m n n 4?S% p.v.c. 40% p.v.c. 45% p.v.c. 45% p.v.c. Vehicle: 50% refined linseed oil - 50$ Z* tailed linseed oil 20$ Magnesia oil. 65% H.V.M. Oa south exposure, (1) shoes sea dirt, {2) is smoother hut shows * dirt collection, (3) is cleaner, (4) shows a trifle less dirt collection than (2), and (5) is the cleanest of the carbonate paints. On the north (2) is definitely-dirty. (5) is cleaner end brighter, (4) shows etresiy dirt collection, and (5) is cleaner with slight streaking. - (e) Low Piaaent Volume Paints A new series of low p.v.c. paints was put out in 1947, one finish coat over MB-401 primer, on cedar and yellow pine. The pigmentations arc: (1) EX-5121. 30% Titanox A - 20% zinc oxide - 50$ BCHL - 20% Titanox BC HT (2) EX-5051. 35% it - 20% " - 35% " - 10$ nagaesiUE sil. (S) EX-5052. 40% n - 20% - 50% " _ 10% (4) EX-5055. 50% - 20% - 20% n .log k b The vehicle is:. 45% Alkali Refined Linseed OH 30$ Calclcoater Vehicle 25% Magnesia Oil 55% H.V.M, 21% P.V.C. 0007-SWP-000006727 as use of la .usage fros e$s forms! &i * retsrtUvihe .saintly erces. iff'of previous '^.t .c . pal ts & . .^g iatn#eisS'-to reduce tcndenci*.. .^waff^81 lit ertokj^g, On .45 exposiu-e .lew p.TiO. paint with no'Snorts, such ms H-0 ind. 4505s described is. previous reports, stow severs erac&iiig,. sie& Tferffe ta 4&'termer;.' ' i It Is olrtcae that lew paint hm aot tta up veil so., far. However, at ops-year, this stove pstni; pxs very smooth end clean both , south end north, mod will t watched doesly. IWJifAJmJajlBM This series was put out la IMS,- fhre costs seaf-psimed, ca cedar and white pine. The pigasaatatioas include: (1) 37.5% msn BD - 37.5% Titanox IS - 25? ..ZZZ-85' sine add. (2) 75% Titanox 15 ET - 25? 2Z2-S3 sine oxide, (5) 25? Titanox m m - 25% Titanox EG - 25? 222-55 sine oxide 25? magnesium silicate. (4) 50? Titanox EC HI - 25? 2ZZ-S5 - 25? magnesium silicate The paints are all fonulated at 23? p,v.c. with the full oil vehicle. (1) stows soma slit cracking and s o bs mildew, (2) soma mildew and erosion, with (5) and (4) similar to (2), (2) is interesting, as the pigmentation is similar to Devos's new one coat house paint. Eobertson warns that lead-free paints are vulnerable In atmos pheres containing S08, where dampness will leach out the paints, cause bad washing end transparency. In a scries put out in 1946 some 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon paints at 53? p.v.e. are compared with full oil lead-free paints at 29? p.v.e. The paints are applied one coat over M7-401 primer. The pigmenta tions are: (1) 15? Titanox A - 30% sine oxide - 55? magnesium silicato. 29? p.v.e. (2) IS? - $8% " -55? 53? (3) 50? Titanox EC HT - 5? Titanox A - 50? sine oxide - . 15? magnesium silicate. 29? " (4) 50? Titanox EC HT - 5? Titanox A - SO? zinc oxide 15? magnesium silicate. 53? " All are in good condition at this point, except for cracking of paint (1) on one bad board. 0007-SWP-000006728 . - ; tests ` Sii8: series ms started, in.June, 1947, three coats self-prised. os cedar, to cheek the washing tendencies of various white house paints. This ohahaeteristie is ehedeed ty. jstaiiiB^ a teveied eidisg painted black nder oacdj white paint. The for^iis^dm of e*ich md its current wash.*ing'Status is as fbHawte (1) 100$ Basic Carbonate Ihit Lead# is TOgelisr vsfeiele. lery -slight washing. (ij "Ti-Sil," 50$ leaded sine - 50$ Ti-Sil, is regular vehicle. Definite washing. (S) 155* Titanox A - 58.5$ leaded zinc - 15.7$ BCHL - 50.8$ magnaa!^ silicate, is regular vehicle. Definite washing. (4) Pigment as (5) tat 55% p.v.c. Definite washing-. (5) 20% Titanox AA - 58.5$ leaded zinc * 15.7% BOWL - 25.8$ magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. , esy little washing. (6) 30$ Titanox A 30%'zinc oxide - 40$ BCBL at 21% p.v.c. Definite washing. (7) 15$ Titanox A - 55$ zinc oxide - 50$ magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Slightly less washing than {). (S) 15$ Titanox AA - 55% sine oxide - 50% magnesium silicate, at 53$ p.v.c. esy slight washing. (9) 50$ Titanox RC HT - 40$ leaded zinc - 10$ magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Very slight washing, - has adherent chalk. (10) 25$ Titanox RG HT - 25$ anatase titanium calcium - 40$ leaded zinc 10$ magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Slight washing. (11) 50$ Titanox RC HT - 25$ zinc oxide - 25$ magnesium silicate, in regular vehicle. Yesy slight washing. (12) SUP Gloss Hhit - oil conservation vehicle. Definite washing. (1) Shemin-VUliams Cooperative Tests This series has now been on exposure for two years, and repre sents both S-V and T.F.C. paints which were exchanged for cooperative exposure at Sayville and Chicago. This is a very complicated scries and will be handled in a separate report at such time as worth while results develop. OOO7-SWP-OOO0OS729  At tfee.j.-es . ' j l at Seville with regular per centage <f Tiianox A ire i e clt brightest, both .south .and north. Tu rutile titanium oxide pain^. shotrtheir characteristic- -yellow eesh, but1 this is rsduced SO/SO Measd of Ei. 10 sad Eltt-nox A is lilim s^cltE pisaEtE r laseSj, t%']paih%4- b^edoe whiter and cleaner ft* thqr -p^g*e*s'$tyft;xitbnax lip Bf tMoagfa ialeidg tO'Eaatesffi'titssiaffi, *r 11 . In the tints, -the 8- tint are cleaner than the T.P.G. tints. Micro Felva mbstitahed Cor tegnssina silicate shews little difference except for less mildew. felg& Pigment Pillion - Wilmington, Beltways., I Before the actual inspection of panels, a discussion was held on du Font's proposed house point exposure program. Tits origins! "Si-Sil*5 formula will be exposed at 4.89, 5.76 and 4.25 pounds of oil per gallon.-. The-4.25 pound. foiissXa is added to anticipate interest in such. pitots is the future, end not because of any lack of quality in the S.75 pound "bodied oil8 paints. 3b -formulas1 are repeated using both Krebs' Brier"?88 and asphthea&te driers. , The latter usually require the addition c 'a puff ing agent such as Syntax EL-B9. These joints are then repeated using Tosh Whiting at equal oil demands. Another group involves similar treatment of a lead-free pigffisnle." tion, lS,,5/4 Tl-Pure FF - 42.3$ acicular sine oxide (22S-33 or XX-SQ1) 8.2? magnesium silicate. Lesd-free paints are more 'susceptible to djyiag troubles. /Anotherformula, 10.4$ Ti-Pure FF - 10.4$ Ti-Pure T-CR - 49.2$ leaded, zinc - 30$ magnesium silicate, shorn an attempt .to., control chalking at high Ti02 levels ty using soffit of the slower chslMng I-CR. The basic' tint formula is 12.5$ Ti-Pure R-S10 - 45$ leaded zinc - 42.5$ magnesium ' silicate, to which is added a lead-free tint Was, 11.2$ Ti-Purc R-810 26.4$ acicular zinc oxide - 62.4$ calcium carbonate. Most of these involve the drier variations and extender replacements described in the first set. We propose to cover these .and 'additional ideas during this suaner's expo sure. work. (a) Ti-Pure FF in White House Paints - Cleaning The teSte pigmentations in tMs series compare 10$ Ti0g/45$ leaded zine/225$ BOWL/22.5$ magnesium silicate with the typical "Ti-Sil" formula, 15$ Ti0g/5Q$ leaded zinc/35$ magnesium silicate. In each group the TiOg used is successively FF, 1-200, X-CR sad 1-110. The exposures were made in both the pre-war vehicle, 92$/6$ alkali refined linseed/Q bodied linseed, and the bodied oil type. Those put out in 1945 carried 50$ of Z* bodied linseed bit th03e put out in '44 and '45 and '46 cany 50$ of X bodied linseed to improve brushing. Exposures are both south and north vertical. 0007-SWP-000006730 " ! .group*1 fat c .. - 1945,- .2: ' .napectad to got the p fter 1, end 'ears1 expos re. _-Pu s' showed-better ' sep*fre* - --g p?pei?tiB ijfck. R-2lOO,'X-CR or ft-ilO, t__ differences being met: definite In the 22.5% BCUL. thani la the. IiSilB ffflnml&s. The latter, were always cleaner,1 showing the gnMtset advantage during S^sosaref'from" f to 15 months. The ^current tadiad oil formulas showed a definite 6g' la cl@a-p. Ti-P:'f=E or fitesss M show saslfflm dirt retention at two. years:. Ti-Pur T-R end 1-110 show ms sildetr,' especially *dser nci.-SSIL is aged, and tS feoiied @11':faints showmuch greeter Edldcw rs- aistaaeaithfin; the pr-wr fell eil pidnte. CaXeis earbtmte accentuates - yellaifini f m&Ht Ti.0 pedate teat 2duse BHiw eeepdrei with inpiesins eilicate. Tfede is fexther fspteisiEed In. mo-Sssir eeries oat fsir yeers. In this group Titoex 1C.EP eM BS sIsos' ted dirt oellectioa esd milpw. la a series exposed in 1945, 1-809 :aad. li-10 MO er compared at 12.52 versus Si-Pox FF andrf-pE^at' lSSS |a ;|M -"aaL-a^X*^ . iea/jBdi rich paints, IF sales .the only reeUy whit paint at tm yeirs* ampsuxe, RA-10 MO^ S-?2Q9 and ;3N named worst.. 'Again''the bdidd'`l3|. pk^atliiap do not recommend the use of any rutile titanium oxides in white fisish' coat house paints. 1 : 'vi. ' (b) Lead Free House Paints - Whites -i Cleaning The first of two groups examined was put out in 1915, and include the following pigmentations exposed in the. fall oil vehicle at 28.52 p.v.c.! 152 Ti-Pure FF - 50$ leaded zinc - 552 magnesias silicate 16.52 - 35.72 acicular zinc oxide - 47.82 W R 18.12 it - 39.42 " " - 42.52 n n 132 R - 562 " " - 462 s? X n The second group was put out in August, 1947 end therefore -now represents almost one year of exposure. The pijptcntations and vehicles include! 2 P.V.C. Oil Rich Oil Restricted 152 Ti-Pur* FF - 5 leaded sine - 352 magnesium silicate 28.5 34.9 17.22 w - 37.52 acicular zinc oxide 45.52 magnesium silicate 27.4 35.5 The load-free zinc oxide formulations are superior to the leaded zinc oxide paints in cleaning characteristics. The one year old exposures actually look good both south and north. Zt should be noted that load-free zinc oxides of the acicular type have higher oil demands them co-fumed leaded zinc oxides. Therefore, the lead-free paints were formulated at slightly lower p.v.c. to maintain approximately equivalent free binder relationships. 0007-SWP-000006731 Cel1 Calclna Carbonate Ex. in Haase Pain This series has been e#i& 3a detail,, in previous'-reports (see pegs- 5; 1S4S nepcrt end page g, 294'? ragcrt); and the ftmfauntsl eenelu- . ;elms remain the pa aw after ^ywrs* exposure. la Ground limestone (Xork White) gives the host durability of the calcium carbonate aasqflfii tested; tat Is inferior to mm"* slum1 silicate. 2. Gaietas soaps lead to p4fer durability and should b as far as possible. LoW: oil absorption; low rsacliwityj natural calcium carbcmtes. - an preferred. ' Precipitated' cay- ' tanates'ere httfeiior Inf^axaWLltj. _ 3. Mica (10$) can be used to correct checking and cracking' . tendencies introduced by calcic earhsoat. 4. Durability differences are jb wider in whites then in tints. ' 5. Calcium carbonate is store resistant to slide*? than....... magnesium silicate., ~. As incidental remarks it'my fee added that ' diatomaceaus; silica looks very-good among the'other extenders tested; also Eastern Magnesia's 500 Tale. It should be recalled that this series; started in 1942,. covered, a replacement of magnesium silicate at equal volume in the pre-war vehicle, at 28.5$ p.v.c. Substitution of calcium carbonate for s&jpiesium silicate at equal oil demands is preferred. Special methods of substitution discussed on page 14 of the 1545 report and page 6 of the 1948 report show no mildew on calcium carbonate at equal oil demands for magnesium silicate; tat mil dew at equal volume replacement. In general, extenders should be compared with equal free binder. The preferred method is to control consistency fcy adjusting extender against total vehicle. Calcium carbonate paints with high zinc oxide contents show dirt collection on whites. Tint retention in grays is definitely better with carbonate extenders; tat should be watched as dirt retention'.also'- increases. Term Alba; is-slightly supesdor to magnesium silicate in tint retention 'tat shows tendencies to collect dirt and mildew. . 0007-SWP-000006732  j j . ' dfrafeena- - Bimm! . rale series is becoming isor interesting as tine progresses end some details fra earlier reparts r repeated here for clarity. The P^jats exposed;: to l#!* ustog tbs. "Ti-Sil", 15$ Ti-fta fe? - 50$ --.leaded'-atoe - 55$ asgnesium.ificate pipsaitetioa to the basic pattern. - The paiatffi were appli.ed ss ttee |d tea coat self-prised systeMi, tod over four ccjBEersial primers s-veil me, tint lfw paint, 12.5$ Ti-Pure-Kf-SIG - 45$ letoto -tone. - 42*S$:i8ifetoto6i fimtoto .The. two epet syEtess to |mel ere not. as dursKL as the thrse coat systems. When toe "Tl-Sll* too dost is need ever toe special lfr-610 primer, this two cwt evstam almost; amis three coats., of "fi-BHB - self- primed. . Agsia:,tM is itotototolT#toijtovbtoir etoered.to our- own t of exposure. : It is tslcdd tfee,t vtei the pxiaer east carrying S-ilO is exposed due-to' erosion of the top esfit*- there is no .tendency for the. ghelk to .take on the ratlle yellow cast. E-SCJO shsrold avoided to, nsdereoats for-this, reksish.. {Hates Esx 450 ghsBM b rTiid to eltoiaat or 2259 'tod; to^tufs- 2229;or-2lfi'!:vhto blMtoptto&t.)''':: fe) One Coat House Paints du Poet feel that, the exposures since 1945 of a 25$ Ti-Pure ff 50$ leaded ziac - 2S$ magnesium silicate paint offer ecnstoerabl promise as- a one coat house paint, too preferred formula is that to the bodied oil' vehicle at' .55$ p.v.c. This p&iat carries 2.22 pounds' TiOa per gallon end was spread at 450 square feet per gsllcsu toe principal trouble to one . coat application is flashing and the problem of applying uniform film thick ness in one coat. Durability, of course, is controlled to a large extent by film thickness. If .such a one coat paint were used as a primer on new wood, it was suggested that oil he added rather than thinner, as the lower p.v.c.8s look better on ter wood. (f) Special OHS ., - tois heading includes a number of different series to which special oils were used, and which were placed on exposure frost 1344 through 1947. Without going into detail, to Ti-S31* op similar paints Driscy A, AS? #4 and Axdol show up well for the two years the testa have run so far. A de hydrated castor oil paint at 55$ p.v.c. is showing objectionable cracking failure. We found that using Dehydrol as the bodied oil portion of the SUP vehicle, or 40$ of the binder, durability was satisfactory but there is a tendency towards loss of gloss due to surface wrinkling if too much conjugated oil Is used. Low p.v.e. paints following Titanium Pigment's pattern show early film failure where sodium hydroxide and lime neutralized oils were used. 0007-SWP-000006733 ~ `T&- .f} V Borne special comments a . , m added. The - pirfcimt of *gri- cultuxe's conjugated soybean oil used 1QQ% m the paint, bfhder-was vygy' poor, ' The Conjulin oils yfere-nd$ too good, Zinc-free palate with eesi- ' jugsted .11.-skbiir erosion. --'!|S?ps|ljl,,l*d ad slay-fries jSsifito 'ibdjlt jji?S with Bogs conjugated ils. 100. j|(Xt e4iai]lyp* H.$..^hpr? discing failure. H^,th conTtiossil pifSigffitati(:3eB but &om in th leal \ to 5p? p.^-.c. .* . tswsM to 1.8 pounds KL-Purp IF- mfpsesiam ijilics-te .pr SO/SCI , ink tili^^pi^ralite. .. ; - Unbodied Eelvitol give a this film, Eelvltol bodied t 2 pud to tpA^-g mcb nare dureM piiate, Mneg^l gives tWto fiXsa m ipopure. .generhli'-i.bodied' oil-mrfc-perfs parallel unbodied oils, P.E. soy oils lofik profiling. j; (g) Porch Paints ' du Pest pat out as extensive new series of porch paints is fgb- miy of this year, .co the 45 face ad loo m board walk at the Iswport latorssitoiy , Ti-Pure R-610 is used ales and with -various mr tenders is a y^ry wide -variety of vehicles, and these ere compared with' a number of fedaaaercial parch paints. . - // The tests will be watched carefully and details discussed when significant results appear. At the Basest it appears that best gloss is, ,, obtained when ell' extender is omitted. Surfex- is holpfUl in giving -uni form glosg in one coat. Vinyl coatings, axe alreac^- erasing on the wood. Soya lecithin used as 2? by weight of the pigment end included in the grind!# marked improvement in suspension characteristics as -. tested'in several vehicles. In several ineteaees the soya lecithin was . effective as an enti-flooding gent. Alkyd vehicles are generally superior in gloss and tint retention. Lh}: House Tests Some of the house tests examined have been described in previous reports which may be consulted for further detail. . 1...'du''Pont Bbusie. { Yila^agton, Delaware. The test paints on this house were discussed in detail in the 1946 report. The conventional "Ti-Sil" pigneatatioa is the cleanest, and brightest, hotter in the bodied oil vehicle than in the pre-war high oil hinder. Wien calcium carbonate replaces the magnesium silicate end total vehicle to-equal consistency, there is more dirt collection. When terra alba is used in the same manner, the point shows the least chalking of the group and shows bad streaking under the windows. A paint pignented with 17.5? Ti-Pure TF - 44? aeicular ZZZ - #33 zinc oxide - 58.5? calcium car bonate in QKQ M 2-1/2 linseed oil at 40? p.v.c. shows streaked dirt'col lection not a lad as tho terra alba paint. When R-200 Ti02 is used instead of FF there is a distinct yellow discoloration but this is not as definite as during our 1947 inspection. 0007-SWP-000006734 2. far*. Bewarfe, Dele Thi --$9 eesjpiSBS th v anrgatiaQai 8 fi-Sn8 prs~__p paint with & special],. 40$ TI-CsX B 25; - *50$ leaded zinc - 105 sagnesiua eiXicate The-hoas'-c was psiated im te, Tmm i& a definite difference is. di.rfe, col^stloa^ ttoe FF p&l&t bsis;^ iugferiedp td the E 2B paint, md -the - latter is!sfcj&B ydilew ia cast. J '. *. ` * 5. ed Bouse* Swots* Delaware^ , e This house* painted la August, 24S. coupons the "Ti-SSX^ pigmentation ia e 5.75 pound oil vehicle t0$ attall reflag linseed, 50$ 1 viscosity tailed linseed), with a lead-free 18.2$ Ti-Pure IF <? 59.4$ 252-33 zinc eoddb - 42.5$ magnesian siliet ~pi@agate.iioa ia the full oil formula at 28.5$ piT.e.rM the dessweBiional "Ti-Sil* foxnula (full il vehicle). The "TLiSiX" bodied il forssala is the leanest, not eqoslled ty the wT-SilB conventional formula or the load-free mint~ with full oil* As usual, the Rational Lead Compass*, the Titanium Pigment. Corporation and the da Pant Pigment Division extended us every courtesy and assistance to make our inspection trip enjoyable and instructive. WL-.AR M. OT WQ Director of Paint Research 0007-SWP-000006735