Document Rxww8V3KXJdnjjbg2qR1aEYX

Pure White Lead Proves its Stamina By Long Service Between Repaintings ORE often than not the houses tween repaintings as is usually con M painted with pure white iead sidered good practice; the second, its paint which are pictured in thweseearing quality in having remained pages have been photographed when smooth and unbroken throughout its their paint was fresh and new, mak long life. ing the best possible appearance. This quality of remaining smooth Here is one though that we frankly without any tendency to crack admit needs repainting. The owner, throughout its entire life is of special This house near Syracuse, l\ew > ork, shows pure white lead paint still in excellent condition after seven years ex posure to severe climatic condi tions. importance in times like th<-- an emergency may force una\neglect. It is a well known fa'- ; manv paints which show t-vm--performance records under perfmaintenance schedules have a dency to fail if the repaintinc pgram is not carried through on tlr- -. Such failures usually show up cracking of the paint film, mak:: _ minute breaks through which wa'-penetrates to the wood. The wa:-r in turn forces the paint off in -cal' with the result that the paint m be entirely removed before repair ing can be undertaken. Pure white lead retains its elasticity regardl*--of painting schedules. The house shown on thi- pup'*stands near Syracuse. New A orb. which has a rigorous climate ami where the past winter was especially severe. The excellent condition of the paint at the present time i- a particularly convincing demormtration of the ability of pure white lead to withstand severe weather romlitions even after unusuallv long ex posure. like many others in these war times, has put off the job longer than he wanted or intended to but he expects to repaint this summer if possible. He savs, "After experiencing ex treme difficulties with mixed pigment paints peeling and blistering on the exterior of my house. 1 used pure white lead seven years ago which put an end to mv difficulties. Now the house needs repainting and 1 wish to mix mv own tint using pure white lead again/' The important fact about this house is that although it is seven years since its last repainting with pure white lead paint it still does not look shabby and best of all the paint has not failed in its function of pro tecting the underlying wood fiom the weather. Also the surface is smooth and clean, ready for repainting with out special preparation. This house in its present condition demonstrates the two outstanding characteristics of pure white lead paint: the first, its durability in hav ing stood nearly twice as long be- Lead Pipe Lnderfloor Plumbing Insures Trouble Free Operations ROM the point of view of the the building. It is the re-pmi-ibi I it \ F owner or manager of any build of the architect and the plumber In ing property the best plumbing sys plan and install plumbing svMrni- tem is the or.e which requires the which will fulfill these conditiuns a- least attention. Such a system will nearly as mav be. operate quietly under all conditions, Quiet operation with freedum frnm will be entirely free from stoppages probability of stoppages can be throughout its life and will be suf achieved by laving nut and installing ficiently durable to last as long as all drainage lines in a manner that LIA25852 - ,a ta e H tH -li-fO Lead pipe underfloor plumbing provides guie* trouble free operation in Kansas City, Wo. apartment house. Lead Plating Provides Acid Resistance (or Copper Storage Battery Connectors will allow free flow of waste water with a minimum of friction and tur bulence. Durability can be provided by selecting a material which has proved by its performance that it cannot only resist the severe cor rosive action of sewage wastes and gases but is sufficiently flexible to withstand normal movement between plumbing pipes and structure. Since the fabrication of lead pipe is not restricted by a rigid pattern of straight lines and predetermined angles it can be so installed as to allow the smoothest possible flow for wastes and gases. Bends are gradual and of the exact degree required, joints are properly made at an angle in the direction of flow and the off sets and shoulders which are un avoidable in threaded fittings do not occur. These characteristics of lead fabrication allow its installation to be made in a manner to provide the (Continued on page 8) HE effectiveness of electroplating Common practice in storage bat T as a means of lead coating tery cell assembly is to use connec metal parts to protect them fromtors of solid lead which is practically electrical conductivity of copper with consequent savings in space and weight without sacrificing the cor corrosion is attested bv the adoption acid proof. The use of lead plating rosion resistance of lead. of this process for use on copper permits the utilization of the high Electrodeposited lead coatings are connectors cn heavy duty storage remarkably free from porosity espe batteries. Nearly everyone is familiar cially in relatively thick applications. with the mushv green deposit which They also have the property of being builds up on the unprotected copper easily increased in thickness if de or brass parts of the terminal con A nectors on automobile storage bat teries as well as with the absence of I I indications of corrosion on the lead sired simply by continuing the plat ing process for additional time. Lead can be plated directly on iron or steel as well as on non-ferrous metals intercell connectors. By means of and recent developments include lead plated lead coatings copper parts plating on plastic materials. used with certain tvpes of batteries are now being made proof against the destructive attack of the sulphuric ar id electrolyte and its fumes. Shown herewith are two tvpes of copper connectors both coated with Lead plated cop per cell connec tors for use on storage batteries. Above, cell cap electrodeposited lead. The larger ior light duty picture shows the cell cover of a battery with cell connectors in 1 submarine battery with the terminals place. Right, cell in place bolted to a heavy copper connector in bus bar connection. Both the con place on termi nals of subma nector and the bolts are electroplated rine battery. with lead. The smaller picture shows Lead plating r the cell cover of a stationary battery for comparatively light duty with lead plated copper cell connectors provides protection against highly corrosive sulphuric acid fumes. bolted in place. NATIONAL BATTESY CO. 3-- LIA25653 ,1 i[ u jl ll Lead Pipe Lines Thirl) Five Miles Long One ol the Big Stories o[ the Invasion ALTHOLGH lead has an astonish- were similar to those encountered in , ing variety of uses in normal laying submarine communications times and has acquired many newcable. ones in the past few years as the Submarine cable is essentially a result of war necessities, by far the lead alloy pipe packed full of insu majority of such applications receixe lated copper wires and armored with little general notice because they are a sheath of steel. If such a cable of interest onlv to engineers and could be produced without the wires technical men. However, during the it would become in effect a pipe suit invasion of Europe one of the most able for the purpose desired. This is spectacular operations of the supply exactly what was done although the section of the Allied forces was ac operation was not nearly so simple complished bv the use of lead in the as the description indicates. Many form of some of the longest continu new manufacturing and handling ous pipes ever manufactured. This techniques had to be worked out un A 2500 foot length of lead pipe starting an its trip to the covering ma chines. Lead tube can be seen to left of the girl seated at table as it emerges from the giant cable press in right back ground. OKONITE-CALLEN DER c o r f . A section of (he finished cable shott ing the lead tube, the steel rein forcing tapes, the steel wire armor and the jute wrapping. der pressure of time. In order to avoid duplication of effort the U. S. Armv Engineers col laborated w'ith the British military forces to provide this means of fuel transportation which was used to supply the Allied forces in France and Germany. Only by means of the closest cooperation with the Armv by four American cable manufac turers could the gigantic project have been accomplished in the short space of time allotted. These were General Cable Corporation. General Electric .Co., Okonite-Callender Corporation and the Phelps-Dodge Copper Prod ucts Corporation. New plants were built, existing machinery wa? assem bled from distant locations and spe- GENERAL CABLE CORP. project consisted of laying pipe lines under the English Channel for the purpose of transporting gasoline from England to France thus bypassing the almost insurmountable obstacle of the destruction of French ports bv the Germans. Since the roughness of the Channel waters and the likelihood of aerial attack precluded any possibility of splicing or couplins the pipe during the laying operation, it was necessary to manufacture each line sufficiently long to reach from shore to shore in one continuous piece. Few materials were adaptable to such manufacture or to handling after fabrication but the conditions which had to be met LIA2585A PHELPS-DODGE CORP. This Sort of Thing Costs Money BUY WAR BONDS cia) handling equipment was designed and installed, all with such great secrecv that not even the key work men knew what the final purpose was. In manufacture the great hydraulic presses which are intended to form the continuous lead sheath over the compacted core of wires were adapted to extrude a hollow lead pipe. Great care was taken to produce perfect pipe in lengths as great as 2.500 feet with no faults or defects. These lengths coiled on reels were then transported to the giant machines which coated the pipe with pitch, wrapped it with overlapping steel reinforcing tapes, armored it with steel wires bedded in pitch and finally wrapped it with a thick layer of jute cords. The individual lengths of lead pipe were joined bv a special weld ing process which maintains both the internal and external diameter uni form. A pressure of 25 lb. per sq. in. was maintained throughout the covering operation to prevent the lead pipe from collapsing. For handling and storing the cable as it came from the machines and to load it into ships the manufacturers found it necessary to build towering steel trestleworks on which were mounted power driven sheaves of large diameter. As the completed cable issued from the machines it was led out through holes in the roof over the sheaves and down to Part oi one line of covering ma chinery showing application o' steel armoring wires to underchannel pipeline. A storage yard where armored lead g as o l in t pipeline was piled during the man u iact u r i n g process. the ground where it was coiled in great piles as large as 50 feet in diameter and 40 feet high. To pre vent the lower layers from being crushed the cable was filled with water under pressure. The finished cable in lengths as great as 40 miles was finally uncoiled by pulling it back up over the sheaves and out to waiting ships with specially prepared holds. The cable was laid by paying it out over the stern as the ship trav eled across the Channel. In all, 12 PHFLPSDODCE CORP. --5-- GENERAL CABLE CORP. lines of the armored lead pipe were laid from England to France. While the manufacture and laying of this remarkable pipeline was a unique and magnificent operation it was actually only the utilization to an extreme degree of two of the characteristics which make lead so useful and economical in many ap plications. The flexibility of lead and its adaptability to manufacture and use in long lengths are well known and widely used by industry and utilities. Many thousands of miles of lead sheathing protects the power and communications cables that are the arteries and nerve channels of America's military, industrial and commercial body. LIA25855 Lead Calked Joints Provide Pressure Seal in Flexible Cast Iron Pipelines T is generally recognized that the I lead calked joints of standard types of cast iron pipe have a certain degree of flexibility. This is a veryuseful property and it serves to pro tect the pipe from breakage as the result of the unavoidable flexures which occur as the result of earth settlement or other movement which the engineer may be unable to con trol. However the ordinary calked joint is nut primarily intended to be extremely flexible and an excessive amount of bending or subsequent straightening or bending in the op posite direction will have a tendenev to loosen the calking. Under some conditions it is desira ble to use a joint that will flex safelv as much as 10 to 13 degrees and which will remain tight through a subsequent reverse bend. The prob lem of such a joint was encountered many years ago and James Watt the inventor of the steam engine is cred ited with originating the principle on which the construction of most types of such joints are still based. Mod ern practice is well illustrated bv what is known as the '`Metropolitan joint." a commonly used lead calked flexible connection for cast iron pipe. On the spigot end is cast a torus which is machined to a spherical shape concentric with the pipe. About halfway of the depth of the bell an upstanding fillet is machined to the same spherical radius. ^ hen the spigot is socketed in the bell the two spherical surfaces form, in effect, a ground joint which centers the spigot in the bell, and provides a stop for the molten lead during pouring. Pouring lead joint in flexible joint cast iron pipe being laid across swampland. Flexibility oi special lead calked joints is clearly demonstrated by the bending o` this large pipeline as it is pulled across a Louisiana bayou. After the lead is calked the joint can be flexed approximately 13 degrees in any direction and because of the spherical shape of the contacting parts the parts will remain in the same relative positions. The pressure resistance of the joint is provided bv the tight bearing of the calked lead against the machined surface of the spherical spigot. Metropolitan type casi iron pipe i> often used for installations where a number of lengths must he joined before being placed in final positionas in river crossings where the joints may be made up on the bank and the pipe pulled across the stream with cables. Should leaks develop in the course of placing the pipe in V. $. PIPE AND FOl'NDSY CO. position the lead calking is easily accessible for recalking. It is important that lead to be u- -d for calking cast iron pipe shall hr of high puritv and uniform consLlenev if it is consistently to produce dependable joints. A sure wav to provide that the proper ty pe of lead supplied for this purose is to snecifv that all calking lead shall be delivered to the job bearing the Lead Industries ssociation's Seal of Apnroval. This seal certifies that the lead conforms to the association > rigid standards which are currentlv identical in substance with the Com mercial Standards for Calking Lead published by the U. S. Department of Commerce. LIA256 56 ioof' Phillips house built about 181)0. Pure white lead in its natural brilliant while as well as tinted ac cents the beautit u 11 v propor tioned decorative features. vA- -?rM S ilUam Barber house built i r. No. 32 1812 is said to have once been the property o' Salem, a descendant 0f Sir Richard Sal- tonstall. one o! Massachusetts the original set tlers ot Salem. Both the brief.- work and the ALEM, Massachusetts, was cer delightful wood S detail are painted tainly one of the first settlements w;th pure white in w hat is now the l nited States and lead paint. there is evidence that certain houses there include portions of earlv build ings which were shipped ready cut from England. If so. some of these mav be the oldest wood houses in America. Th ese oldest houses were never painted and as a matter of fact paint was considered a sinful ostentation hv the straightlaced Puritans of the time. In some cases severe punish ments were meted out to citizens who were bold enough to relieve the drah- The Assembh House, built in 1782, was the scene of mcn\ brilliant social functions. It was converted to a residence before 1800 and it is still so used. Its present owner continues to reh on pure white lead paint in his maintenance pro gram. PHOTOS BY DA.YTON SNYDER ness of their residences b\ means of the paint brush. However the obvious thrift of pro tecting one's most valuable property by means of a comparativelv inex pensive application of paint eventuall) overcame an arbitrary custom and Salem became one of the most architecturally distinguished and best painted cities of New England. The buildings pictured on this page were erected during the period when Salem was at the height of its prosperity. Their builders and own ers were fully aware of the value of high quality paint as a weather pro tection as well as a beautifying agent. They are today still painted with pure white lead paint. THIS IS NO. 32 OF A SF.RIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. -7- LU25B57 MEMBERS OF THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION r-s ALPHA METALS, INC......................................................................................... Brooklyn, N. Y. KANSAS CITY SMELTINC 4 MFC. CO................. THE AMEKICAN METAL CO.. LTD......................................................... New York. N. V. THE LEWIN MATRES CORP.............................. AMERICAN SMELTING 4 REFINING CO............................................... New York. N. Y. JOHN R. MacGREGOR LEAD CO................................................. BUNKER HILL 4 SULLIVAN MINING 4 CONCENTRATING CO. .Kellogg, ldho METALS REFINING CO. (The Clidden Co. I.............................. CAMBRIDGE SMELTING CO.......................................................................Cambridge, M... MIKE HORSE MINING 4 MILLING CO........................................... CHIEF CONSOLIDATED MINING CO......................................................................... Eureka.UtahNATIONAL LEAD CO............................................................................... CROTN METAL CO...................................................................................................... Milwaukee.Via. NEW PARK MINING CO........................................................................ 1 v"i_ N Y C**r^c* U --*i DAYKOCK M1NINC CO.................................................................................................... Wallace.IdahoNORTH AMERICAN SMELTINC CO., INC...................................... DICKSON WEATHERPROOF NAIL CO......................................................... Evaaaton. 111. NORTHWEST LEAD CO........................................................................ DIVISION t.FkP CO................................................................................................... Ch-rtto. 111. PARK UTAH CONSOLIDATED MINES CO.................................. THE EAGLE PICHER CO............................................................................................. Cincinnati.Ohio PITTSBURGH WHITE METAL CO................................................. THE ELECTRIC AUTO-LITE CO....................................................................................Toledo.Ohio REYNOLDS METALS CO.................................................................. t .naM.**-' > a ETHYL GASOLINE CORP................................................................................ New York, N. Y. EUSTON LEAD CO. (The Clidden Co.)......................................................... Scranton. Pa. EVANS LEAD DIVISION (National Lead Co. I..............................Charleston, W. Va. RIVER SMELTING 4 REFINING CO........................................ ROCHESTER LEAD WORKS. INC................................................. ST. JOSEPH LEAD CO........................................................................ > S-r W'.-rt*. n* YV EVANS METAL CO.....................................................................................................Atlanta, Ca. SHATTUCK DENN MINING CORP................................................... . . .. .V' Y vrx. 5 Y FEDERAL MINING 4 SMELTING CO....................................................... New York. N. Y. SHERMAN LEAD CO........................................................... ........... % a. +" I'.iao FEDERATED METALS DIVISION of AMERICAN SMELTING 4 THE SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO..................................................... REFINING CO.....................................................................................................New Yrk. N Y. SILVER KING COALITION MINES CO.................................. >ait I-sS' THE FIRESTONE TIRE 4 RUBBER CO...........................................................Akron, Ohio SILVERSTEIN 4 PiNSOF. INC....................................................... <*.'+4. I-- THE FIEMM LEAD CO.. INC.........................................................Long laland City. N. V . STANDARD ROLLING MILLS. INC................................................. .........fc.^C.-*S s > W. P. FULLER 4 CO.................................................................................San Ftaeeueo, Calif. SUNSHINE MINING CO.......................................................................... ............Ytk~=-a. GARDINER METAL CO............................................................................................ Chicago, 111. TAMARACK 4 CUSTER CONSOLIDATED MINING CO........ . . . % a.^c-e. - GENERAL LEAD MANUFACTURING CO..................................................... Denver, Colo. GOLDSMITH BROS. SMELTING 4 REFINING CO...................................... Chicago. 111. TINTIC STANDARD MINING CO................................................. .Sait Lake G*y. -b B'W't*ya. N ^UNITED AMERICAN METALS CORP............................................ .......... HAMMOND LEAD PRODUCTS. INC...........................................................Hammond. Ind. UNITED STATES SMELTING REFINING AND MINING CO., yHECLA MINING CO............................................................................................................. Wallace.Idaho INC. .......................................................................................................... ......... New Yvrk. Y .....Oh ioHERCULES MINING CO.................................................................................................. Wallace.IdahoHTHYEMAVNICYTIOERNYERW4HISTOENMS.E...T...A...L......C...O................................................................................... P.i' hr;.- l.i. V*. HUDSON SMELTING & REFINING CO........................................................... Newark. N. J. VULCAN LEAD PRODUCTS CO......................................................... ........ m*s. IMPERIAL TYPE METAL CO.............................................................................. Philadelphia,Pa. THE WENSLEY METAL PRODUCTS CO...................................... ........... D-uv^r. o.i-. INTERNATIONAL SMELTING 4 REFINING CO. (AnacnnJa Sale* Co. Agent*) ........................... ...................................................................................... New York. N. Y. WESTERN ELECTRIC CO.. INC......................................................... WHITE METAL ROLLING 4 STAMPING CORP.... N^w York. N. Y. Br.-S K N > THE JOHNSTON TIN FOIL 4 METAL CO................................................... St. Louis. Mo. WINCHESTER REPEATING ARMS CO........................................ . . New Haven. Conn KAHN BROTHERS .............................................................................................. Brooklyn. N. Y. Associate members. The lellawmi articiis and reortnts contain mtermauon. orwinq\ ano necitkationi on tn u* ai lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in th construction industry. Th*/ are availabla. frte af charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association l?0 Lexington Avenue. New York 17. N. Y PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 page booklet on tbe protective value, durability and beauty of pure white lead paint with quantiiv estimating table-, formula* and mixing and nation instructions for exterior and interior ose. RED LEAD FOR STRUCTURAL WORK By Dr. L. L. Carriek, Direetor, Red Lead Research, Lead Industries Association A discussion of the rust inbibitive qualities of red lesd paint and tbe best means of making use of those qualities for tbe protection of atructaral metal. Reprinted from Engineering Newt Record, April 6. 1943. LEAD CARRIE5 ITS WEIGHT Uy Fred P. Peters An interesting resume of many of tbe long estab lished uses of lead plus information on a number of recently developed adaptations of tbe properties of lead to special purposes. Reprinted from Scientific American, Juoe, 1944. SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. flrnwne. Senior Chemist. Forests Produrta laboratory, Madiaon, Wla. Repriated from tba National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of bard lead Bashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood tod red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from the American Builder, July. 1939. STOP DEMON RUST Leaflet pviog concise, simple instruction* in tbe u-e of tbe rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Paint in protecting farm machinery. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION WW-P.S25 For Pipe, Benda and Traps, LEAD. Part S of Section IV of the Federal Standards Stock Catalog, official publication by the Govern ment Printing Office. LEAD EQUIPMENT USED IN INDUSTRY By F. E. Wormier, Secretary of Lead In dustries Association A summary of tbe uses of lead in the production and handling of corrosive chemicsla. Reprinted from "Metal Progress" to be included in tbe next edition of American Society of Metals Handbook. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief description of tbe uses of lead for rooflng and flashing purposes and the proper practices of its application. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Barker. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES USE OF ZINC ALLOYS By W. Yonkinan, Engineer, Western Elec tric Co. A description of a successful hot dip lead Coating process with complete instruction- for changing over from hot dip galvanising u.-ing the -ame equipment. Reprinted from Product Engineering, May, 1934. COMMERCIAL STANDARDS: Calking Lead, C594-41 Lead Pipe, CS95*4l Lead leaps aDd Bends, CS96-4J Official publications by the Government Printing Of fice of tbe above Commercial Standards as promul gated by tbe U. S. Department of Commerce through tbe National Bureau of Standards, effective June 25, 1941. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, New* Editor, Metals and Alloys A thorough discussion of hot dip sad electroplated coatings on ateel sheet, wire tnd fabricated prod ucts including the technique of application, thick ness of costings, oses and advantagea. Reprinted from the November, 1944 issue of Metals and Alloys. LEAD X-RAY SHIELDING Graphic chart based on recommendations of the International Commission on X-Ray and Radium Protection giving thicknesses of lead for respective voltages in millimetres, iockee and pounds per square foot. (Continued from pug* ' - smoothest possible unobstructed 11"" with the least amount of turbulen-e. The soundness of these principles of drainage construction is -- well recognized that manv cits plumbingcodes require that onlv lead pipe may be used under bathroom floors. The accompanying photograph- i11 u-trate adaptability of lead pipe to free flowing construction. The one in a Kansas City apartment hou-e showall lead under floor piping of wa-leand vents which can he depended upon for quiet unobstructed opera tion. The one in the nurse- home in Omaha, also all lead under floor, illustrates the ease with which lead pipe is adapted to the angular rela tionship of fixture location-. It is interesting to note that hard lead floor flanges hearing the Lead Industries Association seal of ap proval, two of which are shown .-el temporarily in place in the Kansas City picture, will he used on both of these jobs. These flanges after three years of use are proring to be sub stantial and satisfactory. The Seal of Approval on these flanges as on other lead products certifies that they conform to the exacting standards of the Lead Industries Association in dimensions, weight and purity of materials. UPON REQUEST, TILE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE CLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE 01 UIIAHGK. TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS 16ft LI A25856 PRINTED IN U. S. A. y PUBLISH!*! PUNTING COMPANY NIW YOU CITY