Document Rwg7Xo62XZRn7ry9QxKqoOYE

<4 I^r. Frederick F. Hoesch, V. P. Whittaker, Clark & Daniels 1000 Coolidge Street South P l a i n f i e l d , TJew J e r s e y 07080 : \t l ; ;; ; Subject: C e r r ^ l o n o T Definition of Commercial lain. Dear Mr. Roescl: .'1, ' --lease: substitute the enclosed tale definition for thn accompanied our letter of January l**, :Inadvertently, n ^ e n tine dolomite were omitted from tie earlier version. - ' :. Very truly your s, ' T- VAM)EEBILT COMPMX, IITC. sb S i d o sure Secretary to Allan M. Harvey PLAINTIFFS WCKHDlB-l4t8 AAAKYOGFN CK-HAPPY-24 * "TOW!WRds'Bfw"*>**`* ^ u-po,totjMMewdiuiierstebleHu.*.w, (i>sttrauiiitofeobtairjjj TALC MINERAL TAJX: T heLm i n e r a l t a l c i s a v e r y s o f t h y d r o u s m agnesium s i l i c a t e , Mgg SigO ^ g)(DH)^, h a v in g a la y e r e d s t r u c t u r e in w h ich a s h e e t o f o c t a h e d r a lly c o o rd in a te d magnesium io n s I s san dw iched b etw een two s h e e ts o f lin k e d s i l i c a (SiO^) te tr a h e d r a . COMMERCIAL TALC: C o m m ercia l t a l c i s a p r o d u c t v a r y i n g i n m in e r a l com position from som ething approaching the t h e o r e t ic a l com position o f th e m in e ra l t a l c to ntixtm rec , m in e ra l t a l c and o th e r n a t u r a lly a ss o c ia te d m in erals such as t ie m o lite , Calg^toig -^)(H )^, s e r p e n tin e , MggCSi20^) (OH)^, d o lo m ite , CaMgfCOg^ e t c . , w h ic h , in v a ry in g amounts, c o n trib u te v a rio u s p h y sic a l.a n d ch em ical p r o p e r tie s d e s ir a b le in the numerous in d u s t r ia l a p p lic a tio n s . $* _J ( '= PILE NO. 2692- H EVALUATION OP M.P.M. TALCS 11- Evaluate Flatting Efficiency of M.P.M. Microtalcs V it \ Copies to: J. p. Bartels K. R. Hancock/M. D. R. Holmes R. W. Linnett D. S. Young W. M. Stephenson D. Brant G. A. Wells Research Center Easton, Pennsylvania March 9i 1970 Minerals, Pigments & Metals ChaB. Pfizer & Company, Inc. David S. Young <C; INTRODUCTION This investigation was designed t measure the flatting effect of stir-in Victorville and Barrett Microtalcs [20 micron top size] In several air dry alkyd type paints. Included in this study as competi tive flatting pigments were Johns Manvillers "Celite11 Dlatomaceous Silicas and International Talcs - Eastern Platy Talc P-725. The effect of each talc on the physical properties of the aged paint film was also Investigated. Several Microtalcs and Celite pigments were also evaluated in an interior white polyvinyl acetate latex paint. Pigments evaluated in this study were Microtalcs CP 10-4o, CP 14-55, CP 20-30, MP 10-52, MP 12-50, MP 15-38, MP 20-40, International Talc P-725 and Celite 281, 499 and Superfloss SF. SUMMARY The following properties were measured on all the talc and diatomaceous pigments: I. Physical A. Dispersibility 1. On Cowles : [a] In raw linseed oil [b] In long oil alkyd [gloss and flat wall enamels] [c] In polyvinyl acetate latex emulsion paint 2. In porcelain ball mill [a] In flat wall enamel - alkyd vehicle only II. Paint Use Properties in gloss alkyd enamel, Interior flat wall alkyd enamel and polyvinyl acetate [PVAc] copolymer emulsion interior flat. A. Viscosity B. Paint film 1, Gloss [a] Gloss as related to grind time in ball mill 2. Holdout [flats] 3- Flexibility - Initial and aged 4. Impact resistance - Initial and aged 5. Wash and scrub resistance [FVAc] 6. Burnishing [GIo sb Increase on washing with PVAc] -1- CONCLUSIONS 1. All the Microtalcs, P-725, Celites S.F. Superfloss and 499 can be regarded as stir-in flatting pigments while Celite 28l cannot be considered too suitable for stir-in applications 2. At use levels of 2 to 3 lbs. per gallon, all Microtalcs with 40 or lower oil absorptions, impart significantly lower viscosities to enamels then do Microtalcs MP 10-52 and 12-50, P-725 and Celites 28l, 499 and Superfloss. 3. At stir-in levels of low concentration [l#/gallon or less] in a gloss enamel, the Celites [and in particular Celite 28l] are more effective in lowering gloss than are the Microtalcs and P-725i at high levels [2 to 3 #/gal.] Celites 281 and 499 are consider ably more effective in lowering gloss than any of. the .talcs. The Montana talcs and P-725 are comparable to Superfloss while the. California talcs as a class have the poorest'flatting efficiency. MlCrotalc MP 10-52 and MP 12-50 are MPM's best talcs for stir-ln flatting efficiency, ~"" ' 4. In a flat wall alkyd enamel dispersed in a porcelain ball mill, the Celites produce better low angular sheen properties than do the Microtalcs providing the grinding time is not over 8 hours. The Celites, especially 201, increase m low angular sheen quite rapidly between 8 and 24 hours while the Microtalcs maintain about the~same sheen. MPM*s best Microtalcs for flat wall alkyd formu lations appear to be CP 14-35 and MP 15-38. -- [1 5. The Celites, 281 and 499 are considerably more efficient in.pro ducing good low angular sheen properties in polyvinyl acetate latex films than are the Microtalc3. .Microtalc CP 14-35 was the most efficient Microtale. 6. The Microtalcs, P -725 and Celites all had comparable hold out properties in the gloss and flat alkyd enamels and also in the PVAc latex. 7 At hlgh__us_e levels [2#/gal. ] in a gloss alkvd enamel. S.F. Super gloss and the Montana Microtalcs have very little effect on flexibility. celite 281. P-725 and the California Ah reduce flexibility very slightly while Celite 499 was significantly poorer ,ln regard to .flexibility properties upon the aging of' the paint films. ' 2 8 . The Celites, especially S.F. Superfloss, have significantly better direct and reverse Impact resistance when 1# to 2#/gal. levels are used In a gloss alkyd enamel than do the Microtalcs and P -725. The Montana Microtalcs appear to be very slightly better then the California MIcrotalcB for Impact resistance properties. 9. In a PVAc latex, the Microtalcs are slightly superior to the Celites for stain removal by washing but are slightly Inferior for stain removal by scrubbing. The Celites are far superior to the Microtalcs for burnish resistance [gloss Increase on washing]. * ' .OBSERVATIONS I. Dispersibility A. On Cowles All the Microtalcs and International's P-725 will disperse easily to a 6 to 7 Hegman fineness on the Cowles. Super floss S.P. Is. the only Celite pigment to give a 6 Hegman,. Celite 499 disperses to a 5 or 5 l/2 Hegman while Celite 281 is definitely not a good stir In grade with Hegmans on the Cowles of only.2 to 5 . B, In Porcelain Ball Mill Hegman readings of each pigment In the flat wall alkyd enamel were taken after 1 , 4, 8 and 24 hours grinding time. All pigments tested, except Celite 281, gave Hegman readings of from 5 to 7 in 1 to 4 hours of grinding. Celite 281 had a 4 Hegman after 4 hour grinding,. .Very little or no improve ment in Hegman readings were obtained after 4 hours grinding except in the case of Celite 281 which Increased from a 4 Hegman to a 6 1/4 Hegman after 24 hours grinding, II. Viscosity of Finished Paints In the gloss alkyd enamel, the addition of up to l#/gal, of each pigment tested showed relatively the same increase In viscosity [5 to 10 K.U.]. However when 2 and 3#/gal. of each pigment was added to the gloss enamel, all the Microtalcs with a 40 oil absorption or less imparted viscosities which were 20 to 30 K.U. less than those imparted by MP 10-52, MF 12-50, International's P-725 and the three Celite pigments. *Por discussion on flatting per cost - see page 6a. - 3- III. Gloas of Paint Films A Incorporation under Cowles In Alkyd Glosa Enamel 1. l/4#/gal. ~ None of the pigments lowered the 60 or 85 degree gloss readings of the control enamel more than 2. 2r l/2#/gal. - Cellte 28l and 499 lowered the 60 gloss readings by 10 to 1 5 % the other pigments had little effect on gloss. 3. l#/gal. - The Cellte pigments dropped the 60 gloss readings from 20 to 30% the talcs were still not very effective at this level. Cellte 28l was the only pigment to significantly lower the 85" gloss reading [from 98 to 74J. 4, 2#/gal. - Cellte 499 and 28l were very effective in lowering both the 60 and 85e gloss readings to 1 5 or less. MF 10-52, MF 12-50 and P-725 gave 60" readings in the twenties and thirties; Superfloss, MP 20-40, CP 10-40 and MP 15-38 gave 60 readings in the forties and fifties and CP 14-35 and CP 20-30 gave 60 readings in the low seventies. Only Cellte 499 and 281 were effective in lowering the 85" gloss [or low angular sheen] of the gloss enamel. 5. 3#/gal. - Only the Microtalcs and P-725 were evaluated at this level. MP 10-52, MP 12-50, MP 20-40 and P-725 gave 60 gloss readings of 10 or less; MP 15-38 about 1 5 % CP 10-40 and CP 14-35 between 20 and 30 and CP 20-30 was by far the highest with a 60 reading of 58. Only CP 20-30 and CP 10-40 were not too effective in. lowering the 85 gloss at this high level. The remain ing Microtalcs and P-725 gave readings in the thirties. However, none of the Microtalcs are nearly as effective in producing low angular sheen as are Cellte 28l and 499. B. Gloss of Flat Wall Alkyd Enamel versus Grinding Tlnm in Porcelain Ball Mill. 1. 60 gloss readings - A H the Microtalcs and Celites gave 7 " maximum gloss readings up to 8 hours grinding time except CP 20-30 which had gloss readings of about 35. All the Microtalcs [except CP 20-30] and also P-725 and Superfloss S.P. maintain this 7 or slightly less gloss reading through 24 hours of ball milling. However, the enamels containing Celite 28l and 499 in creased in gloss when the grinding time was increased -4 - from 8 to 24 hours, The Cellte 28l paint increased from 6 to 21 and the Cellte 499 paint from 4" to 12. Hie CP 20-^0 still had a gloss of 25 after 24 hours grinding. 2. 85" gloss readings - From 1 to 8 hours grinding time, the three Celites are the most effective in giving low angular sheen [readings of 2 to 4J. However, if they are ground 24 hours, the 85"sheen increases to about 15" on Cellte 499 and Superfloss S.F, and to 58 on Cellte 28l. The Microtalcs with the lowest gloss read ings are CP 14-55 and HP 15-58 with readings of about 12 to 15 and MP 20-40 and CF 10-40 with readings of approximately 20 to 25" . M? 12-50 and P-725 give read ings of about 50 to 55 while MP 10-52 is poor with 4o to 50gloss. CP 20-50 again i3 unusual in that the gloss decreases from 50" to 57 with continued grinding. C , gloss of PVAc Latex - Only MP 12-50, MP 20-40, CP 14-55 and Celites 281 and 499 were evaluated. The white latex only contained these pigments^ for flatting and the level was about 5#/gal, All five pigments produced 6o gloss readings of 5 The two Celites produced 85" gloss readings of 2" or under while the 5 Microtalcs produced readings of 6 to , 15" with CP 14-55 giving the lowest reading. IT. Hold Out A, Gloss and Flat Alkyd Enamels - No significant difference in hold out between the Mierotalcs, P-725 and- the 5 Celite pigments. B. PVAc Latex - No significant difference in hold out between the Microtalcs MP 12-50, MP 20-40, CP 14-55 and Celites 281 and 499 V. Flexibility A. Gloss Enamel - The addition of l/4, 1/2 and l#/gal. of any of the pigments tested did not cause the films to break when bent over a conical mandrel with a radius of bend as sharp as l/l6 inch. The addition of 2#/gal, showed MP 10-52, MP 12-50, MP 15-58, CP 20-50, MP 20-40 and Superfloss S.F. to have excellent flexibility and to be slightly superior to Celite 281, CP 10-40, CP 14-55 and P -725 and significantly superior to Celite 499. -5 - VI, Impact Resistance A. Gloss Enamel - [All readings taken on 22 gauge steel panels aged 30 days at room temperature] [1] Direct Impact - None of the pigments significantly lower the direct impact resistance at levels up to l#/gal. However, at 2#/gal. all the Mlcrotalcs and P-725 lower the direct Impact resistance from 160 In/# to approximately 80 to 90 In/#. Superfloss S.P. had no effect on the direct impact and Celltes 28l and #99 very little effect. [2] Reverse Impact - At the l/2#/gal level, CP 20-20 and P-725 are showing significantly poorer Impact resis tance while MP 10-52, MP 15-38 chow a moderate drop in resistance. l#/gal. levels show only Superfloss S.P. to have maintained excellent reverse impact' resis- J tance. Celite 499 and MP 20-4o hau still good impact properties while Celite 28l and MP 15-38 had fair Im pact and the remaining pigments very poor impact re sistance properties. In the 2#/Val levels Superfloss S.P. again had th best impact with a reading of 40 In/#, Celite 499 and 281 had readings of about 20 In/#. All the Mlcrotalcs and P-725 had readings of 10 or below. .MP 10-52 gave the highest reading of any of the Mlcrotalcs with a reading of. 10 in/#. VII. Stain Removal from PVAc Films [Only Celite 28l and 499 and Micro talcs MP 12-50 and MP 20-40 were evaluated,] A. Washability - The two Microtalcs were slightly better than. Celite 499 and significantly better than Celite 28l in re gard to the removal of carbon paper, crayon and pencil marks by ASTM wash cycle tests. . B. Serubbability - Celite 499 was slightly superior to Celite 2B1 and significantly superior to MP 12-50 and MP 20-40 in removing stains by ASTM scrub cycle tests. MP 12-50 had better stain removal in general than MP 20-40. C. Burnishing - [100 wash cycles] Both Mlcrotalcs increased In SS'* gloss approximately 40 while the Celite pigments main tain a gloss of about 2 . D. Erosion - Both Celite 28l and 499 fat a high use loading'] produced very cheesy films that eroded quite quickly as compared to the PVAc films containing high levels of Microtalc MP 12-50 or 20-40. " -6- DISCUSSION In general, Celites 28l and 499 are about 50Ji more efficient flatting pigments than are the MontamMIcrotales and about 100^ more efficient than the California Microtalcs, S.F. Superfloss is. about equal to the Montana Microtalcs Esllghtly better for low angular sheenJ for flatting efficiency and slightly more efficient than the California Microtalcs. On a cost basis. Cellte 28l [#69.00 a ton F.O.B. California] gives by far the best flatting per unit cost as compared to any of the MPM Miorotalca. However. Cellte 2Hl~is not quite fine enough'to be considered a stir In grade pigment and therefore its greatest use would be ball mill dispersions. Cellte 499 i#95.00 a ton F.O.B. California] is a good stir in grade pigment and In flatting efficiency per unit cosc. It is only very slightly superior to MP 12-50, MP 15-38, MP 20-40 and CP 14-35. but Celit-e 499 is a much better buy than MP 10-52, CP 10-40 and CP 20-30. However Cellte 499 reduces the flexibility of paint films significantly more than the Microtalcs. S.F. Superfloss [#210.00 a ton F.O.B. California] based on flatting efficiency per unit cost is a much poorer buv than any of the Micro talcs except CP 20-30. However, at high use levels. S.F. Superflosa haB the least effect on flexibility and Impact resistance as compared to the other Celites or to any of the Mlcrotalcs. 6a EXPERIMENTAL TABLE #1 Cowles Dispersibility in Raw Oil Disperse; on the Cowles at 5900 RFM at 75# raw linseed oil and 25# pigment. Check Hegman after 1, 2, 5, 5 and 8 minutes. 1 Celite 281 0-2 Celite 499 . 4 S.P. Superfloas 5 5/4 Kicrotalc CP 10-40 6 r MP 10-52[4002] 6 l/2 " MP 12-50 6 " MP 15"5[5OO5 ] 5 3/4 " CP 14-55 5 1/2 " CP 20-50[9000] 5 1/2 " MP 20-40[5025] 6 International Talc P-725 6 1/2 ' 2 1-2 4 1/4 6 6 65A 6 6 5 1/2 5 1/2 6 6 1/2 3' :5 ' 1-2 l 1/2-2 1/2 4 1/2 . 4 3/4 6= 6 6 1/4 6 1/4 65A 6 3/4 66 66 5 1/2 5 1/2 5 1/2 5 3/4 6 1/4 6 1/4 6 1/2 6 1/2 8' 2-2 l/w 4 3/4 6 6 1/2 7 6 l/4 6 5 1/2 5 3/4 6 l/4 6 3/4 -7 - TABLE II Gloss White Alkyd Enamel Base - Used in Flatting [Table III] Parts by Weight TlOa [R-750] Duraplex D-65A [5 6 $ N.V. ] Mineral Spirits 305 100 20 Premix on Cowles - Then one tight pass on 5-roll mill Reduction Duraplex D-65A [705 N.V. ] 530 Mineral Spirits 60 24^ Lead Naph. 4 6^ Cobalt Naph. 4 1025# or 100 gallons Hegman Fineness 7.5 Viscosity 88 KU FVC 15.5 Non-volatile by weight71.5% " " volume 56.2^ 3- TABLE III Physical Properties of Films Containing'lA#/gal. of each flatting Pigment Use 4,54 graniB of gloss white alkyd base [Table $TI] and add 11,5 grams of each extender. Disperse on CowleB at 3900 RPM for 4 minutes. l/4#/gal, level. VlscoH.F. sity Cellte 281 3-4 1 Celite 499 5V2-6 S.P. Super flOBS 6-6 ]/2 .CP i o - 4o 61/2-7 MP 10-32 MP 12-50 MP 15-38 7+ 6 1/2-7 6 1/2 CP 14-35 6 1/2 CP 20-30 6 1/2 MP 20-40 6 3/4 Int. P-275 7. Control . 7 1/2 90 KU 83 KU 86 KU 82 KU 86 KU 81 KU 95 KU 95 KU 95 KU 88 KU 84 KU 88 KU 60 0 65 ploas gloss 85 96 85 98 87 97 88 98 88 100 87 99 87 101 88 100 87 - 99 88 99 88 : 97 87 98 Over Glass 60 " U S * " 88 99 87 99 88 99 88 99 89 98.5 89 98,5 89 98.5 88 98.5 89 98 88 . 98 89 99 89 98 #2 #1 A B #3 AB #4 AB 90 >160 >160 85 l 4o OK OK 90 >160 >l6o 130 150 OK OK 90 >l60 >160 140 >160 OK 90 >160 >160 150 >160 OK 90 -150 >160 140 '7160 OK 90 150 >160 l 4o >160 OK 90 >160 >160 >160 ?l6o OK 90 >160 >160 120 130 OK 90 >160 7l60 90 100 OK 90 >160 >160 150 >160 OK 90 >160 >160 120 150 OK 90 >160 >160 >160 >160 OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK #1. 6o g lo B S o f g lo s s white control over flattened enamel over un-sealed chart. #2, Direct Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days #3. Reverse Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days #4. Conical Mandrel A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days TABLE IV Physical Properties of fllmB_e_Qntainlng l/2#/gal.'of each flatting pigment Use 454 grams of gloss white alkyd base [Table II] and add 23 grams of each extender. Disperse on Cowles at 3900 RPM for 4 minutes. l/2#/al. level. Visco- 60 H.P. sity ... gloss Celite 281 2-3 99 KU 73 Cellte 499 5-1/2. 100 KU 79 S.P. Super- floss 6 1/2 98 KU 82 CP 10-40 6 5/4 97 KU . 86 MP 10-52 MP 12-50 MP 15-58 CP 14-55 CP 20-3C 6 5/4 6 1/2 6 1/2 6 1/4 101 K 97 KU 95 KU 92 KU 91 KU : S5 5 85 3 85. MP 20-40 6 1/2 92 KU 85 Int.P-275 11 KU 87 Control 7 1/2 88 KU 87 85 gloss 89 96 97 98 98 98 97 97 96 97 99 98 Over Glass #3 #4. 60 85 #1 ' A B A B A B 79 94 90 l4o >160 120 >160 OK OK 81 97.5 90 >160 >160 120 >160 OK OK 83 97.5 90 >160 >160 >160 >160 OK OK 87 98 90 >160 >160 70 >l60 OK OK 85 98 90 120 >160 50 90 OK OK 86 99 90 150 *160 100 150 OK OK 85 98 90 l4o >160 70 90 OK OK 85 98 90 150 >160 90 130 OK OK 86 98.5 90 >160 >160 40 4o OK OK 84 98 . 90 l4o >160 8 0 , 150 OK OK 88 98.5 90 130 >l60 50 4o OK OK 89 98 90 >l"6 o >l60 >l60 >160 OK ok #1. 60 gloss of gloss white control over flattened enamel over un-sealed chart. #2 . Direct Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days #5. Reverse Impaot A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days #4. Conioal Mandiel A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days TABLE V .Physical Properties of Films Containing l#/gal, of Each Flatting Pigment/ Use 454 grams of gloss'white alkyd base {Table IX] and add 45.4 grams of each extender Disperse on Cowles at 3900 RPM for 4 minutes. l#/gal level. VisedH.F. sitv Celite 28l Celite 499 S.F.Superr floss CP 10-40 MP 10-52 MP 12-50 MP 15-38 CP 14-35 CP 20-30 MP 20-40 Int.P-T25 Control 2-3 5 6 6 3/4 .6 71/,2 6 1/4 6 l/4' 6 l/4 6 1/2 7 7 1/2 no ku 106 KU 104 KU 98 KU 111 KU 109 KU 97 KU 106 KU 102 KU 102 KU 109 KU 88 KU 6o6 r Icss 54 32 63 82 78 81 81 82 83 79 79 87 85 r Iosb 74 85 94 99 99 95 98 97 96 97 97 98' Over Glass 60 85 63 84 6l 93 63 93 82 98 69 96.5 77 98 78 97 77 97 8l 97 82 97 82 96.5 89 98 #S #4 . #1 A B A B A B 90 l4o >l6o 30 50 OK' OK 90 l4o >l60 70 90 OK OK 90 >l6o >l6o ?l6o n 6o PK OK 90 120 >l6o 10 20 OK 90 90 140 14 30 OK 90 90 l4o 3 16 OK 90 130 >l6o 30 50 OK 90 90 130 16 16 OK 90 100 >l6o 4 10 OK 90 100 >l6o 10 80 OK 90 130 120 10 l6 OK 90 >16o >160 /l6o ?l6o OK OK .OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK #1. 60 gloss of gloss white control over flattened enamel over un-sealed chart. #2. Direct Impact A/Aged 10 days B/aged 30 days #3. Re vers e Impac t A/Aged 10 days B/aged 30 days #4. Conical Mandrel A/Aged 10 days B/aged 30 days TABLE VI Physical Properties.,of Films Containing 2#/gal. of Each Platting .Pigment Use 454 grams of gloss white alkyd base [Table II] and add 90 grams of each extender. Disperse on Cowles at 3900 RPM for 4 minutes. 2#/gal. level. H.P. Cellte 281 Celite 499 S.P. Superfloss CP 10-40 MP 10-52 MP 12-50 MP 15-38 OP 14-35 1-2 4 1/2 6 6 1/2 76 1/2 6 6 CP 20-30 6 MP 20-40 6 1/4 Int. P-725 Control 17 7i/g Viscoslty 137 KU l4l KU 130 KU 118 KU 137 KU 130 KU 114 KU 109 KU 104 KU 113 KU 132 KU 88 KU 60 85 Over glass gloss scloss 60 65 15 17 17 8 5 353 45 88 52 92 54 90 64 92 20 73 22 73 35 76 39 79 52 85 60 88 68 92 70 93 76 97 76 97 46 86 60 90 32 76 37 80 87- 98 9? 98 #1 tfa AB #3 #4 A B' A B 90 100 120 10 16 1/8" OK 90 100 130 6 20 1/2 " 1/4r 90 110 >160 30 40 OK OK 90 60 80 2 2 tf.6" OK 90 80 90 4 10 OK OK 90 70 90 4 6 OK OK 90 60 80 4 2 OK OK 90 50 . 70 4 2 1/4" OK V.F. 90 50 110 4 4 OK OK 90 80 90 6 4 OK OK 90 70 70 4 4 1/l6" OK 90 >160 >160 >160 >160 OK OK. 60 gloss of gloss white control over flattened enamel over un-sealeci chart. Direct Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days Heverse Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days Conical Mandrel A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 daysl -12 l TABLET VII Physical Properties of Films Containing 5#/gal, of Each Flatting Pigment USS 45V grams of gloss white alkyd base fTable II], 35 grams of Mineral Spirits and add 155 grams of each extender. Disperse on Cowles at 3900 RPM for 4 minutes. 3#/gal. level. H.F; Visco sity 600 850 Over glass gloss gloss 600 18^ ___ #2____ _#3 #4 #1 A B A B A R MP' 10-52 MP 12-50 i6 1/2 126 KU 108 KU 4 41 4 42 90 30 70 4 4 '1/4" 1/41 6 30 6 28 90 70 90 8 8 7/16 " 1/2 MP 20-40 6 97 KU 10 32 11 28 90 100 90. 40 20 1/2" 1/2' Int.P-725 6 3/4 120 KU 8 37 8 39 90 80 80 10 4 1/2" 3/4' Control 7 1/2 88 KU 87 98 89 98 90 160 160 160 160 OK OK Ttie following wfere eva luated at a :.ater t;me us Ine a new control Control 7.5 64 KU 09 96 90 98 90 N E A i MP 15-38 CP 10-40 CP 14-35 CP 20-30 6.75 6.5 6.0 6.0 79 77 78 69 16 28 13 24 90 0 V 30 55 23 48 90 Ti T E r\ .H 24 29 18 27 90 L I 1 58 75 54 70 90 U 1_____ #1. #2. #3i Jr** 60 gloss of gloss white control over flattened enamel over un-sealed Direct Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days Reverse Impact A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days Conical Mandrel A/Aged 10 days B/Aged 30 days chart. TABLE VIII Hegman Fineness at Varioua Time Intervals of Flat Wall Alkyd Dispersed In Procelain Mill 322.00 TABX2 VIII [aJ Q'losfl of Flat Alkyd Films Dispersed at Various Time Intervals lg Porcelain Ball Mill 4 TABLE IX 6elltWs*te Foly?:lny:i' Acetate Late* Formulas Containing Microtalcs and 12 RA-47 t io 3 Celite 28l 150 150 345 Cellte 499 HP 12-50 343 MP !20-40 C P :14-35 Water Tamol 751 [25#] Surfynol TG Carbltal Acetate 375 435 55 3 12 3 12 Ethylene Glycol 30 30 WP-4400 [J>$] 50 50 ; Disperse on Cowles 10 at 3900 RPM Nopco NDW 22 WP-4400 70 70 Water - Wallpol 40-120 220 . 220 Hegman Fineness Initial Viscosity . 1-2 4 1/2 67 KU 64 KU l3 4 5 150 1150 150 343 330 5 3 12 30 50 2 70 120 220 4-6 75 KU 343 270 5 43 12 30 50 343 300 5 3 12 30 50 22 70 70 110 75 220 220 4-5 5 1/2 77 KU 75 KE 60* Gloss 85 Gloss 3 3333 0 2 13 10 6 - 16 - d, TABLE X - Wash Sc Scrubbabillty Properties of Latex Paints In Table IX ! '-p '. -^p ta.a> ' ' 1 iH > jO; h-Hho o E jr*tnJ o>i&4) Carbon Paper Wax Crayon .. 6b Pencil O Selite 281 55 100 60 Celit : ^99 20 40 20 MP 12-50 10 . 20 10 MP 20-40 10 50 10 Carbon Paper Wax Crayon 6b Pencil . 75 105 75 205 400 505 500 18 300 Scrubbahillty cycles 1 remove 00-4\>J OOO B5 Gloss Original 85 Gloss 10 Wash Cycles 0 1 ' 2 " 13 1 J?5 10 50 Hie two Celites, 28l and 499, produce very soft cheesy films. { Both Celites erode quickly and the films wear through BSYsacs David S .QXpung q - IT - NO. 940R-M: DICTMCN GRAPH PAPER MILLIMETER EU O EN C DtEVZfUCN DO, MADE IN U . II, A . Graph #1 -- Plat Wall Alkyd -- Porcelain Ball Mill Hegman Fineness of Microtalcs versus Grinding Time 2-=>3. .f<1 N 6 H e s 5 NO, 34D ^M ` PICTZOEN GRAPH PAPER MILLIMETER EL'OENE PIE T Z Q E N P 0 . MADE IN U B. A, Graph #1A r- Alkyd -- iorcelaln Ball Mill Lneness 6 f Cf/lltes versua Grinding Time NO, 3 *3 0 H-M i i m a t N GRAPH PAPER MILLIMETER EUGENE piCTX aEN DP, MADE IN U. ft. A. . Graph jj2 -- Plat Wall Alkyd -- Porcelain Ball Mill 60 Gloss' of Microtalcs versus Hegman Fineness ^ -6"Z \i.-wtill Graph #2A -- NO* 34QH-M OIETZQEN RAPH PAPER MILLIMETER EUQENE b im C N ^ a . MADE IH U , V A - ' Platwail Alkyd -- ,porcelain Ball Mill . ,60 Gloss of Celites versus Hegman Fineness r 6: A Graph #3 ; ncj, H4an*M! D tiT zacH g r a ph pa per ' . WJLMM^TER / . . C U Q CNC M API D1ETZ IN U. Q9 .CHA UP, plat Wall Aikyd -- Porcelain Ball Mill 85 Gloss of Mlcrotalca versus Hegman Fineness .r:> o z'> . G r a p h # 4 -- Flat Wall Alkyd -- Porcelain Ball Mill 60 Gloss of Microtalcs & Celites vs. Grinding Time KcUrrici.catexeo, -- -- " fi w *,-* -- -- V- i K y S_. -. J.< -i. J . L 1 i J U X J , J *1 J__L-A, 85 Gloss of Microtalcs & Celites versus Grinding Time iorA IO X IO TO TM CENTIM ETER 4 6 1 5 1 0 . k.j X ib cm. iDi Kr.UFFBU A tB ftC * CO. * C fO X IO TO TH B C B N Tl'M K TK H 4 6 TflKJ !C r!M a i H . . . 1 K i.tjrre t e iie k c o , ' U J. U -^ L 1 w^vrt^u njL.xvjru ---- a/ijnjlco i;xpci'iuu 85o Gloss of Microtalcs &'Celites vs. Use level in #/gal. MINERALS, PIGMENTS METALS DIVISION P F IZ E R INC-r 64-0 N O R T H 13TH S T R E E T , E A S T O N , PE N N S Y LV A N IA 1 3 0 4 2 February 3, 1972 M r . George J . Dippold Whittaker, Clark & Daniels 230 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 Dear George: In reviewing some of our laboratory work here, it was indicated that you recently sent us a sample of Vansil 3371. We have examined this product and it is covered in the attached tech nical report. If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us. Sincerely, Product Manager Mineral Products GAW/dt Attachment TO: Mr. George Wells FROM: Mr. Arthur T. Gronet DATE: January 27, 1972 SUBJECT: Vansil 3371 Talc cc: K, R. Hancock W. L. Hockersmith W. M. Stephenson A. K. Woernle Subject product is marketed by R. T. Vanderbilt at $58/Ton FOB Dunn Siding. I have been advised it has great merit as a filler for polypropylene because of its exceedingly white color in the polymer matrix. I requested that Research obtain a sample and that they conduct a cursory analysis. This request was filled under Research File Number 2605, Evaluation of Competitive- Products. Particle size, .oil absorption, chemical analysis and micrographs were developed. Enclosed please find the Physical and Chemical Testing Labs', informal report of these test results:.' In lieu of: 1. Comments of significant sales, especially in the East and Midwest of Vansil 3371. 2. Employment of E. Cooper (formerly of R. T. Vanderbilt) by Whittaker, Clark and Daniels to. develop a market for W C D fs Canadian Talc Number 4615 in competition to Vansil 3371. 3. The whiteness of polypropylene plaques I saw of Vansil Number 3371, WCD's Number 4615 versus MPM and other competitive talcs. I suggest we meet to. review these data if the market potential is sufficient to justify further time in the examination of Vansil 3371 and WCD 4615 to. determine if we can economically develop and offer the trade a similar or superior product. Your comments, will be appreciated. Arthur T . Gronet ATG:bis TECHNICAL DATA SHEET . -- ------ -- --------- ;--------------- - TONSTHf DEPARTMENT TV ; S P EC I F I C A T I O N TONSIL 3371 \ Composition:: Typical analysis (not guaranteed) ;:- Physical State: -- Silica (Si02) ....... ...... 53.7% .Magnesium Oxide (J'gO).... . 2 4 . 3% Iron Oxide ( P e ^ ) ........ 0.3% Calcium Oxide (CaO)....... .8.5% Aluminum Cxide (AI2 O 3 ) ...J': 0.8% S o dium Oxide (Na^O)...... 1.3% Potassium Oxide (KjO)..... 0*7% Ignition L e s s . .... ...... . 9.5% 99.6% Ptwder Specific Gravity: . 2-85 + .03 Colour: Blue White Fineness: 99% through 325 m e s h (A.S.T.M.) Standard Container: 50 lb. paper bag Note: Results of analysis of this mineral product for mercury is reported as C parts per billion. - R. T. VANDERBILT COMPANY, inc.. i30 poiatyEUflN&v York, n. y. iooi7 -J U t* HACA.giiTaiA lo+ us o f s u r 'm o fo rfe ft o r* b a se d up on fa s t i b ^ fe v e rf fa be rkiiable. H o w e v e r w e d o n o t g u o r o n ftc ihw n tL lts Jo he ofo;n*d. -7-^ 7= -r %Q00x VANSIL 337- ' COMPETITIVE TALC FROM DUNS, CALIF. S'-V.'- y.-iX.-'fa:-': vi'WiVx . :iu " y =...:. '- ,rs yi:.VS Mw ' M iw hi M t VANSL 3371 COMPETITIVE TALC PROM DUNN ^ CALIF Physical Properties of Talc Filled Polypropylene h0% Filled General Properties :Melt Flow Rate @ 230C, g/10 min... Density, g/c.c. Mold Shrinkage, in/in n Water Absorption, %, 2! hrs 73 F Mechsnical Properties Tensile Yield Strength, 2T,/min, psi Elongation Yield, %, 2^/ira.n Secant Flexural Modulus, .05f,/niin, psi Izod Impact, Strength, ft#/in ; Notched,; 72f0 : .Unnotched, 72 F Unnotched, 0F Thermal Properties Deflection Temperature, F 66 psi 261* pai Coef. Linear Thermal Expansion, in/in/ F VANSIL WBSTAI WESTAL WESTAL . 3371 202 303 :l*ob : I*.8 7.0 5.8 5.1* l.?)*5 1.252 1.21*2 1.21*5 1*730 1*720 k. 7 385000 31*1000 1*1*90 H. 7' 359COO 1*770 </.?: 362000 .61 5.60 3-17 .59 5-92 3.17 .51* 6.91* 3.36 .56 7-26 3.5? 280 275 203 279 279 }87 pp - s General Properties ?/?,< : *7 '.337 c c- - ...... - . .. --- .. Hoid. Shrinkagat in/in. '* 3 Water Absorption, % t Pii hrs 73 F Mechanical Properties | .TensilG,,.2,.ield_Sbrengtta3,,2'!/minj...psi...... PD.onge.iion Yield, ..... . . 3. .3- Secant ?lenirai Modulus, .pSVrdnj. Esi.. iaod Impact, Strength, ftff/in i_ ____ Notched,.72F '... .............. ..., T I ? J _____Unnotched, 72 F ~" .__ __:___ ______ ___f_____ _ Unnotched, 0F..... .. 1 .._.l Thermal Properties i oI Deflection Temperature,__JL.,,,______ . ...... j Z&o | l " .... Coef. Linear ( Y * L o iS, Tarati 7~y .'/Vi H y .'y > P / *' v/i. ,-->! , , ;1 p / - y <-Vr^7,7 H IF -in /* ST, ** _J> J", ii ... ____ E -- ^1. J ---.? '<-- *--*-- ^ 1 ' ' * T_. rrzzs* "iI .. TBSTAL lSSTAL MKSL ' l S T iL 202 303 3371 Oh i .7,0.. ,_ .S ,3 .. 4.8 . ......1 .252..... .1.2.42,,. ,1 .2 1 5 5.1* * 1.21*51 ij \ '' !i 1 t H fe a J i. / 4 / Is id tW ^ i* fi> 1 . li720 U 90 1*730 U770 i S U : -s"./ h . y , . 7 J , ^ TJ' '***"'. j" ." 341000 T $ C ~ ''j - 'i/L id 0 _ !.y " . Z 's J ' -.......... ii . f te i (' Y . P } i ii ii I * t i1 ! - -59- ' 5 h .61 S 5.92 ' 6".9 ... 5 . e ' ' [ 3*17.......3 .; 5 - - 3 . 1 ? , 1 t !. I ij,...... . .56 7-26 8,55 i 3? ...- ... . 1 . 71 " ---------r ... >A..`; A ir U e i?* * r I i - 1 ,.... . 'J -C .y n$ \1 1 1 i 3 V ' ?. j i '. ' 275 ' 27? ' '280 " '2"7y"~l . .../$? .. ' 203'' * ; `. T U : . . , <**" ' "`--il - !. s - j, , 4 Lut"'0-. f- - ..! J?./* , J $ * * * > "> / * * ! " " 4"........... "T" Si 1 ' 1'.' VANSIL 3371 Topical' Chemical Analysis MgO 2Q% SxOg S i CaO A l^O ^ 7 1 .1 Fe23 Na20 ho co2 Ignition Loss O .lj 0 .1 1 .3 i 6 Epical Particle Size by Sedimentation Weight Percent Microns Finer Than 20 . 99+ S 99+ 10 97 7 89 5 76 3& 2 : hO 1 2? 0.8 22 August 15, I969 R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc., 33 Winfield Street, E. Norwalk, Conn. / TECHWICAL DATA SHEET VNSTAY DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION VANSIL 3371 Composition : Physical State: Specific Gravity: Color: Fineness: Standard Container: Note: Typical analysis (not guaranteed) Silica (Si02)........... 53.7% Magnesium Oxide (MgO) .... .24.8% Iron Oxide ( F e ^ ) ....... 0.3% Calcium Oxide (CaO)....... 8.5% Muminum Oxide (AI2O3 ).,.. 0.8% Sodium Oxide (Na^O)...... 1.3% Potassium Oxide Tk ^O)... 0.7% Ignition Less............9 .5% 9976% Powder 2.85 + .03 Blue White 99% through 325 mesh (A.S.T.M.) 50 lh. paper bay Results of analysis of this mineral product for mercury is reported as 81 parts per billion. R. T. VANDERBILT COMPANY, Inc., 230 PA^a^auE^iO-W yobk, n. y. 10017 Tbt rtcommeadatiamfar mma.' ourrre m ria li are basedupon losH believedIa bnreliable. However wedonol guarani (., m u lls tobeublained. if MARCARtOllTBABA TYPICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES- Flutted Compacted Bulk Sulk pH at Hegman Fineness Oil Consistency Water 10% i- ' Y Ibs./cu.ft. ibs./cu. It. Absorption* XU Absorption Solids Low Shear High Shear Nytal 99 Nytal 100 Nytal 200 Nytal 300 Nytal 400 29 27 .19 12 . 01 60 41 26 -- 21 ' 24 ' 71 29 74 36 88 __ 37 9.4 -- 37 9.5 0-1 44 9.5 4 50 9.5 5 imum __ 0-1 4.5 5.5 *Rub-out Method % 50F in e r th a n Nytal 99 Nytai 100 Nytal 200 Nytal 300 Nytal 400 67 81 -- -- -- TYPICAL PARTICLE SIZE by SEDIMENTATION -- MICRONS 30 20 15 10 7 5 3 2 1 44 30 25 18 16 14 _ 62 50 40 33 27 24 20 . _ _ B7 73 62 49 40 33 25 21 15 99 96 90 73 58 47 34 27 19 ---- 99 90 79 67 50 40 27 N Y T A L -- a tremolitic talc consisting ol hydrous magnesium ailioate with varying amounts at chemically combined calcium oxide. Typical Chemical Analysis: Percent PHYSICAL PROPERTIES SiOi 56.7 , AljOj 1.1 Fe,Oi 0.3 ' MgO 31,4 CaO UncoHmiObined L'0 1( ' 7.0 0.5 max. 3.5 ' - .. .. ... DRY .... v BRIGHTNESS NYTAL 99 -- NYTAL 100.HR -- NYTAL 100 -- NYTAL 200 90 NYTAL 200 L 90 NYTAL 300 90 NYTAL 400 91 FIRED B R IG H T N E S S 89 BO 80 88 90 QB 88 COLOR TRI GREEN -- -- 5555 55 55 + 100 MESH MIN. MAX. ---- ---- -- -- 0,5 -- 0.1 ---- ---- + 200 MESH MIN. MAX. 2.0 3.7 1.7 3.0 2.1 2.8 ---- -- --- ---- ---- + 323 MIN. MAX. -- __ --- --- .-- .75 .75 -- -- -- 2,0 2.0 0,08 trace CaO MIN. ~ MAX. -- 9.1 8.0 10,0 7.1 8.3 --, -- -- 9.0 -- 0.0 -- . 9,0 . USES Ceramics Ceramics Ceramics Paper, Paint, Rubber, Specialties Ceramics, Paint. Rubber, Specialties Paper, Paint, Rubber Paper, Paint, Ceramics r ;r;- Date_______ March 27, 1981 ATTN: Mr. G. Dippold File LAB REPORT NO. 287R Product Vantale 6H (LotffS-336) Remarks Physical tests LABORATORY REPORT A sample of Vantalc 6H was received from the R.T. Vanderbilt Company for testing. The tests run along with the results are as follows: Properties Loose Bulk Brightness PH Hegman Oil Absorption Vantalc 6H (Lot#S-336) 7.6 90.5 8.8 6.5 41.4 Particle Size Distribution Diameter in microns % less than (weight) 40 100 30 100 20 100 15 100 10 100 5 92 4 86 3 74 2 56 1 30 % through 325 Mesh- 100% Nancy C. Schenkel Whittaker, Clark & Daniels, Inc VANTALO 6 H Magnesium Silicate Pigment Paint/Paper Department October 1, 1980 Description : VA NTALC6 H is a high purity, platy, hydrous magnesium silicate pigment. It Is a superfine grade exhibiting high brightness and high oil absorption. V A N TA LC 6H is effective forgloss control of coatings* particularly where film smoothness and pigment suspension are important factors Typical Chem ical Analysis Magnesium Oxide(MgO) Silicon Dioxide (SiOj) Calcium Oxide (CaO) Aluminum Oxide (A^O.*) Ferric Oxide ( F e ^ Moisture (HjQ) Loss on Ignition 31.9 % 60.8 % 1.44% 0.02% 1.66% 0.25% 5.0% Typical Properties DensityfMg/m 3) Weight (Ibs/sotid gallon) Fluffed Bulk (lb s /ft3) Compacted bulk(lbs/ft3) pH(ASTM D 1208) Dry Brightness Plus 325 Mesh, % Oil Absorption (ASTM D 281) Hegman Fineness(3 Ibs/galion) 2.75 22.91 9.35 13.80 9.5 90 Nil 52 6.0 VA N TA LC 6 H meets the requirements of ASTM Specification D 6 0 5 for magnesium ` silicate pigment Insormatfon presented herein has bean compiled from sources considered to be dependable and is accurate and reliable to the best of our knowledge and belief but is not guaranteed to be so. Nothing herein is to be construed as recommending any practice or any product in violation of any patent or in vio lation of any law or regulation. It is the user's responeibiiity to determine for hirnbell the suitability of any material tor a specific purpose and to adopt such safety precautions as may be necessary. We make no warranty as to the results to be obtained in using any material and, since conditions of use are not under our control, we must necessarily disclaim all liability with respect to the use of any material supplied by us T Y PIC A L DATA S H E E T Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Talc Division 555 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071 Telephone (213) 489-3700 MISTRON CYPRUSPERSE MISFRON CYPRUSPERSE is a magnesium alumino silicate of a platey nature. It is easily wet out in water and possesses low oil absorbancy. These characteristics make MISTRON CYPRUSPERSE an ideal choice for use with emulsion systems where minimal wetting agent add!,ion is advantageous. c h e m ic a l a n a l y s is MgO SiO, CaO a i2o 3 Kz 0 Ti02 Loss on Ignition: H20 Chemically Combined Percent 32 32 Trace 20 _ 3 Trace 12% Brightness, % (relative to MgO): General Electric Luminous (green filter) Apparent Density, lb/ft3: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinco) Specific gravity PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 88+ 90+ 11 24 2.8 Oil absorption, g/lOOg chlorite Spatula rub-out ASTM D281 Gardner-Coleman- ASTM D I483 Surface area, m2/g (N.BET) Hegman fineness o f grind pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index PARTICLE SIZE D ISTR IB U TIO N etWLiTm u i RRcorr ma Data presented are representative of most recent testing and are offered in good faith as being typical of normal production. % minus 200 mesh, 74 pm % minus 325 mesh , 44 pm % minus 20 pm % minus 10 pm % minus 5 pm % minus 2 um % minus % minus 1 pm 0.5 pm Median particle size, pm 100 100 100 99 89 55 30. 12 -\ j TY PICA L DATA S H E E T O Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Talc Division 555 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071 Telephone (213) 489-3700 MISTRON 139 MISTRON 139 is a medium oil absorption, high brightness, paint and general purpose California talc. It is designed to provide a fineness of grind between the "ultra-fine" (6+ Hegman) and the 325-mesh (3 Hegman) talcs. It is the coarsest grade in a series of three such products, including MISTRON F-128 and MISTRON T-076, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Percent MgO 26 SiO, 5 6 CaO MA 7 1 K.O - 1 FefO, > '/* TiO, --" Loss on Ignition: COt 1 Chemically 6 H jO j Combined 3 Parts Per Million Pb 5 Sb n o t d etected As n o t d e te c te d Cd 0.3 Hg 0 .0 5 Se 1 Ba (water n o t d etec ted soluble) MINERAL ANALYSIS Asbestos-lilce minerals not detected by X-Ray Diffraction. Brightness, % (relative to MgO): General Electric Luminous (green filter) Apparent Density, lb/fl*: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinco) Specific Gravity A dd solubles, % (as CaO) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 88+ 89+ 13 37 2.8 9 Oil Absorption, g/lOOg talc: ` ASTM D281 (rub-out) ASTM D1483 (Gardner-Coleman) Surface Area, mVg (N,, BET) Hegman Fineness of Grind Adsorbed Moisture, % pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index 33 51 8 4 '/j 0 .2 9 1.6 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION % minus 200 mesh, 74 un 100 % minus 325 mesh, 44 pm % minus 20pm % minus 10pm 100 99 88 % minus 5pm 64 % minus 2 pm 30 % minus 1 pm .16 % minus 0.5 pm 8 W Median particle size, pm 3 D ata presented are representative or most recent testing and are offered in good faith as being typical of normal production. ^ r5> TYPICAL DATA S H E E T O Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Talc Division 555 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071 Telephone {213) 489-3700 MISTRON VAPOR MISTRON VAPOR is a high purity, asbestos-free, natural magnesium silicate pigment. The surfaces of its ultra-fine, plaly particles have a strong affinity for many types of organic molecules and, conversely, a strong hydrophobicity. However, in aqueous systems excellent wetting may be achieved by use of proper surface active agents. Major uses of MISTRON VAPOR are as a white reinforcing filler and processing aid in elastomers and plastics, as a rheological control agent in liquid resins, plasfisols, adhesives, and as a scavenger of un wanted organic matter from water slurries, for example the control of undesirable pitch build-up during paper production. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Percent MgO 31 SiO.. 62 CaO 1 ALO, trace K,0 -- Fe.O, 1 TiO, -- Loss on Ignition: C O ,\ Chemically H ,0 J Combined 5'A Parts Per Million Pb not detected Sb not detected As not detected Cd 0.5 Hb 0.02 Se 4 Ba (water 1.5 soluble) MINERAL ANALYSIS Percent Talc (3MgO-4SiO,-HjO) 98 Chlorite (SMgO-ALOjASiO^HjO) -- Dolomite ([CaMg] CO,) 2 Quartz 1 Asbestos-type minerals not detected ' Brightness, % (relative to MgO): General Electric Luminous (green filter) Apparent Density, lb/fV: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinoo) COMPACTED Specific gravity A dd Solubles, % (as CaO) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 85+ 88+ 6 13 50 2.8 1 Oil absorption, g/lOOg talc: Spatula rub-out ASTM D281 Gardner-Coleman ASTM D1483 Surface area, m '/g(N,BET) Hegman. fineness of grind Adsorbed moisture, % pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index Valley abrasion, mg max. 46 80 17 s '/ i - e 0.2 9 1.6 20 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION % minus 200 mesh, 74 pm 100 % minus 325 mesh, 44 un 100 % minus 20 un 100 % minus 10 un 97 % minus 5 un 92 % minus 2 un 65 % minus I un 30 % minus 0.5 un '7 % F\ Median particle size, pm VA B a ta presented are representative o f most recent testing and are offered in good faith as being typical of normal production. 7 gTg trS l r T Y P IC A L DATA S H E E T Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company Talc Division 555 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071 Telephone (213) 489-3700 MISTRON RCS MISTRON RCS is a high purity, platy talc pigment, free of asbestos-type impurities. MISTRON RCS is specially processed to provide a fineness of grind similar to "ultra-fine stir-in" talcs, but with sig nificantly lower "binder demand". If your application requires the smoothness and freedom from coarse particles only an ultra-fine talc can offer, bnt yon desire more "loadability", MISTRON RCS is for you --at a surprisingly moderate price. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Percent MgO 32 SiO, 61 CaO Va a i3o 1 1 K jO -- FejO, Va TiO, -- Loss on Ignition: C O ,] Chemically <?h H /j J Combined 5 Parts Per Million Pb not detected Sb not detected As not detected Cd 0.3 Hg 0.03 Se 1 Ba (water 1 soluble) MINERAL ANALYSIS Percent Talc (3MgO-4SiO,-HaO) 95 Chlorite (5MgO-AlaO,-3SiO,-4H,0) 4 Dolomite ([CaMg] CO,) 1 Quartz trace Asbestos-type minerals not detected Brightness, % (relative to MgO); General Electric Luminous (green filler) Apparent Density, Ib /ff: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinco) COMPACTED Specific gravity Acid Solubles, % (as CaO) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 88 + 89 + 15 39 -- 2.8 0.4 Oil absorption, g/ 100g talc: Spatula rub-out ASTM D281 Gardner-Coleman ASTM D1483 Surface area, mVg (N,BET) Hegman fineness of grind Adsorbed moisture, % pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index Valley abrasion, mg max. PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 35 52 10 6 0.2 9 1.6 -- % minus 200 mesh, 74 pm % minus 325 mesh, 44 pm % minus 15 pm % minus 10 pm % minus 5 pm % minus 2 pm % minus 1 pm % minus 0.5 pm Median particle size, pm 100 100 98 90 60 25 - 11 5 4 Data presented are representative of most recent testing and are offered in good faith as being typical o f normal production. T Y P IC A L DATA S H E E T Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company T a lc Division 555 South Flower Street Los Angeles, California 90071 Telephone (213) 489-3700 MISTRON MONOMIX MISTRON MONOMIX is an ultra-fine, high purity, platy talc pigment, free of asbestos-type impurities. It is used by the plastics industry in liquid resin systems for resistance to settling and saggng, and for viscosity control; by the paint industry for maximum fineness of grind, flatting, film smoothness, ease of sanding, and for resistance to hard settling. In any application requiring the finest particle size talc with high whiteness and purity. MISTRON MONOMIX is the product of choice. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Percent MgO 32 Si02 61 CaO '/a AljOj, 1 KO FcjOj Vi TiO, -- Loss on ignition: co:l Chemically < V i HsO j Combined 5 Parts Per Million Pb not detected Sb not detected As not detected Cd 0.3 Hg 0.03 Se 1 Ba (water 1 soluble) MINERAL ANALYSIS Percent Talc (3Mg0-4Si0z-H ,0) 95 Chlorite (5Mg0-Al,0,-3Si0,-4H, O) 4 Dolomite ([CaMg] COj) 1 Quartz trace Asbestos-type minerals not detqcted Brightness, % (relative to MgO): General Electric Luminous (green filter) Apparent Density, lb/ft5: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinoo) COMPACTED Specific gravity Acid Solubles, % (as CaO) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 89+ 90+ 7 19 -- 2.8 0.4 Oil absorption, g/lOOg talc; Spatula rub-out ASTM D281 Gardner-Coleman ASTM D14B3 Surface area, mVg (N,BET) Hegman fineness o f grind Adsorbed moisture, % pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index Valley abrasion, mg max. PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION 43 76 14 6-7 O.Z 9 1.6 -- % minus 200 mesh, 74 pm % minus 325 m osb, 44 p m % minus 20 pm % minus 10 pm % minus 5 pm % minus 2 pm % minus 1 jun % minus 0,5 pm Median particle size, pm 100 100 100 94 S7 59 23 f3 6 2 Data presented are representative of most recent testing and are offered in good faith as being typical of normal production. T Y P IC A L DATA S H E E T O Cyprus Industrial Minerals Company T alc Division J 555 S outh Flow er S treet Los Angeles, C alifornia 90071 Telephone (213) 489-3700 BEAVERWHITE 325 BEAVERWHITE 325 is a high purity, platy talc pigment, free of asbestos-type impurities. It is among the low cost, 325 mesh, "workhorse" fillers and extenders which exhibit versatility in a wide variety of applications within the plastics, paint, rubber, building products and related industries. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS Percent MgO 32 SiO. 61 CaO Vi AllOI 1 K ,0 -- F e aO, V* TiO, -- Loss on Ignition: co,l Chemically < V i H3Oj Combined 5 Parts Per Million Pb not detected Sb not detected As not detected Cd 0.3 Hg Sc Ba (water soluble) 0,03 1 1 MINERAL ANALYSIS Percent Talc (3Mg0-4Si0,-H,0) 95 Chlorite (SM gO -ALO ^SiO^H .O ) 4 Dolomite ([CaMg] COj) 1 Quarta trace Asbestos-type minerals not detected Brightness. % (relative to MgO): General Electric Luminous (green filter) Apparent Density, lb/ft3: Loose (Scott Volumeter) Tapped (Numinco) COMPACTED Specific gravity A dd Solubles, % (as CaO) PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 87 + 88 + 21 49 -- 2 .8 0 .4 Oil absorption, g/lOOg talc: Spatula rub-out ASTM D281 Gardner-Coteman ASTM D1483 Surface area, mVg (N,BET) Hegman fineness of grind Adsorbed moisture, % pH (1:5 dilution) Refractive index Valley abrasion, mg max. 30 42 8 3Y i-4 0 .2 9 1 .6 -- PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION rs EOmUIT VHEiU.l ailH-TtE riictee Data presented are representative of roost recent testing and are CofIMfe!re6d55in3 1g7o7od faith as being typical of normal production. % minus 200 mesh, 74 pm % minus 325 mesh, 44 on f minus 20 jim % minus 10 im % minus 5 pm % minus 2 pm % minus 1 jam 5fc minus 0.5 gm Median partid e site, gm 99.6-99.8 98 91 63 41 18 '8 .3 GVt The fo llow in g are registered U.S. Trade marks: D IX IE , PAR, CONTINENTAL, McNAMEE,; PYRAX, SNOWGQQSE, WESTAL, PEERLESS. N Y TA L , VANS IL, MARCAREGISTRADA WTaijviOH his pamphlet has been prepared to familiarize interested: existing._and pros pective customers with all o f the various industrial materials produced by our min ing- subsidiaries and marketed by R- T. Vanderbilt Company, and Vanderbilt Ex port Corporation. In the past many of ..ourm ineral products w ere.to all intents ~and purposes; developed for individual in dustries andinm anyinstances, marketed . by a single department For this reason, a- number o fp oten tial customers are un- . familiar with- our overallmineral products. We hope -this booklet will, give them a better understanding'of the-mineral pro-ducts that-we praduce-and sell. The following sections are devoted to a very brief-description ~o f each o f our Mining -Operations together w ith . a gen-. . eralized description o f the minerals they produced Additional and more specific in formation giving properties and uses o f any o f these products is available from our Sales and Mining Departments. Our Customer Service Research Laboratory is always available to give our Customers confidential assistance in the use o f our mineral products. a o lin d ix ie c la y company bath, SOUTH CAROLINA Dixie Clay Company, a wholly owned ^ubisdiary of R- T. Vanderbilt Company, Toe produces a large variety of kaolin "products. The mines and the plant are l o c a t e d on a railroad some seven miles Northeast o f Augusta, Georgia, Mining is t>y "open pit methods using modern heavy' equipment Milling consists of crushing, drying, grinding and classifying, or "air floating" the kaolin into various products. Mining at the Dixie Clay Com p a n y property has been continuous since 18DZ =Z-Quality control is paramount in the op' eration and all personnel at the plant are continually made aware of its impor tance. Sampling is carried on through every step of the' operation from mining to final product shipment. A production quality control laboratory, located in the mill building, is operated, on a 24 hour basis whenever processing is in progress. The mines of the Dixie Clay Co. produce essentially two basic types of kaolins, e.g., "hard" and "soft". These designa tions, neither accurate nor descriptive, arc based on industry nomenclature In use for many years. Hard Clays: The so-called " hard" clay, as it occurs in the mines, consists of an extremely fine particle size kaolin mixed with min or amounts of mica, quartz, and some irdn, titanium and magnesium minerals. The bulk of these impurities is removed during processing in the mill and the var ious end products contain grit varying from 0.05% on 325 mesh to as high as 1% on 200 mesh, depending on the am ount of grinding .and classification in volved. The actual pure kaolin (without grit) consists of very fine hexagonal platelets ranging from 0.08 to 0,4 microns in width and down to 0.01 microns in thick ness. Surface area of the kaolin is about 25 square meters per gram. Mechanically delaminated clay of the Georgia type consists of quite broad platelets of the order of 2 microns that are about 0.2 to 0.4 microns thick. Dixie Clay Company can supply the following general types of "hard" clay: % G.E. Moisture Max. Brightness Min. or Rancia D IX IE PAR C O N T IN E N T A L BILT-PLATES 145 Nam 6 1.0 1.0 to 2.0 Residue on 325 mesh 7 66-70 66-70 66-70 oH . D IX IE PAR C O N T IN E N T A L BILT-PLATES 145 0,1 -0,2 O.4-0.5 0.6-0.8 0.05 max. 4.5-5.S 4.5-5.5 : . 4.5-5.Q 4.5-5.5 A t this writing, we are in the process of developing a slurried clay which will be virtually grit free and have a G.E. bright ness of 73 to 75. The slurry will consist of about 65% solids. We are also planning to produce a dry, high brightness, kaolin from this slurry. Such a product with its extremely fine particle size will be of interest to a number of industries. S o ft Clays: Basically, the "soft" clays consist of kaolinite with varying amounts of grit However, the "soft" clay kaolinite occurs as stacks of platelets, the size of which is considerably larger than the "hard" clay platelets. Aside from the difference in ocourance and size of platelets as com-' pared with "hard" day, the "soft" clays vary in brightness from 67 to over 75. se clays are ground and classified in ze range of from 0.25% on 325 mesh as much as 3% on 200 mesh. ^ Clay Company can supply this type kaolin in the following general types: llijljs r^ - . ; 1 McN AM EE f fm 'T P E E R LE S S PEERLESS '^% (u -3 M cN a m e e .^.G P eeF tLE S S II'- - i'-s.-.i':;;;.;.. ........ .i| K m e ' fe p , i- m ibiirvL T H h^ - fjo : 1 PEERLESS V N o . 2 PEERLESS ' 'f]o . SMcNAMEE -No. 3TEEHLESS % Moisture Max. I.Q ZD 2.0 Z0 zo G.E. Brightness Min, o r Range 75 75 70-72 57-70 67-70 Residue ,25-.35 on 325 mash r30-.4Q on 200 mersh .30-.50 or .O. on 200 mesh .30-.40 on 20 mesh .60-.S0 on 200 mesh General Any : grade o f either "hard" or "soft" clay is available in bulk as unground wet shaved or dryer dried shaved. All Dixie Clay Company ground products can be supplied either in bags or in bulk at the customer's option. Given a sufficient potential market, the Mining Departments research laboratory will work on the development of any product which would meet requirements of any industry where the rather remark able basic characteristics of our clays can be of interest. Recoverable kaolin at our Dixie mine facilities has been estimated to be well in excess of anticipated production de mands for the next several decades. TALC GOUVERNEUR TALC COMPANY ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY NEW YORK WESTERN TALC COMPANY Mines -- TECOPA Plant - DUNN SIDING C A LIF O R N IA These tw o w id ely separated talc p ro ducers are both w holly ow ned su b sidiaries o f the R. T. V an derbilt C om pany, Inc. B oth produ ce a w ide variety o f talc products. B ut basical ly th e talc m inerals are so m ew h a t d iffe ren t in character. T h erefore, w e are in a m uch b e tter p o sitio n than o th er talc produ cers to su pply talc consum ers w ith a broad spec trum o f products. A s w ith all R. T. V a n d e rb ilt C om p a n y plan ts, q u a lity c o n tro l is p a r am ou n t a t both these operations. Checks and counter-checks are con tinually m ade in the m illing circuit and before sh ipm en t to assure com pliance w ith specifications. GOUVERNEUR TALC COMPANY Gouverneur Talc Company is the largest talc producer in the world. The under ground mine and the treatment plant are located on a railroad close to the town of Gouverneur, New York, some 40 miles, east of Watertown, New York. Ore reserves at the mine are more than adequate for many years. The series of industrial talcs produced j by Gouverneur Talc Co. consists of mix if tures of various talc minerals of which talc (a magnesium silicate) and tremolite (a calcium magnesium silicate) are the major constituents. The modern plant fa cilities consist of crushing, drying, grind ing by both pebble mills and fluid energy mills, and blending utilizing a unique patented method. Five basic types o f the talc are produced and sold under the N Y T A L * trade, name and have the following characteristics. -product R esidu e-m axim um or range +20 mesh +325 mesh ' N Y T A L 99 n y t a l too - , N Y TA L 200 NYTAL 300 NYTAL 4 0 0 ? Pruauct NYTAL 99 N Y TA L 100 NYTAL 200. NYTAL 300?. NYTAL 400 2 .0 -3 .7 1.7 - 3.0 0.75 - 2.5 0,05 0.02 Typical G.E. Brightness dry fired B9 90 90 90 90 CbO max. o r range 9.1 8.0 - 10-0 9.0 9.0 3.0 There are, of course, other characteristics and specifications applicable to specific industries. WESTERN TALC COMPANY The Western Talc Company mine is lo cated near the town o f Tecopa in Ber nardino County, California. Ore is mined there by the open pit method and is pro cessed in a modern treatment plant loca ted on the Union Pacific Railroad at Dunn Siding. The Las Vegas-Los Angeles Freeway passes in front o f the plant which.lies halfway between the towns of Baker and Barstow. Large ore reserves at the mine assure continuity of supply for many years. The plant is similar to the Gouverneur Talc Company plant but uses Raymond mills' for first stage grinding and does considerable custom grind ing of clay and other materials in a con tiguous but separate facility. The talc minerals produced at Western are considerably different from those found at Gouverneur. The Western talcs in general may be divided into two class es - hard and soft. The hard ores contain c more tremolitic talc than the soft ores. The latter ores consist mostly o f platy particles rather than rods or nodules which occur in the hard type. Western Talc produces 14 different talc products, of which the following essen tially cover the range: Product Residue - maxim um nr range X +200 mesh +325 mesh SNOWGOOSE 95 WESTAL 131 WESTA L 2 320 WESTAL 301 WESTAL 401 V A N S IL NIG 4 .5 -5 .5 4 .5 -5 .5 0.30 0.06 0.01 Product Typical G.E. Brightness dry fired CbO max. o r range % SNOWGOOSE 95 VVESTAL 101 WESTAL 202 WESTAL 301 W ESTAL 401 VANSIL MG 90 93 93 93 84 10.5-13.0 88 8.9 - 9.5 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 VANS1L MG is a relatively new product and is unusual in that it consists almost entirely of platelets, and has very low abrasion characteristics. PYR OPHYLLITE STANDARD MINERAL COMPANY ROBBINS, N. C. Standard Mineral Company's mines and plant are located on a railroad near the town of Robbins, North Carolina. The Company is a partially owned subsidiary of R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. Min ing is by open pit using heavy equipment. Milling consists of a number o f crushing and screening stages followed by grind ing and classification. Pyrophyllite is a light crystalline alum inum mineral resembling talc. It is inert and is used in the ceramic, rubber, pdint' insecticide, and refractory industries, it7 is felt that its properties may very welJ- make it suitable for other industries re quiring an inert material. A t Standard Mineral there are essentially two grades of pyrophyllite,; e.g., a high sericite, high alkali, silicious ore, and a refractory grade material containing low alkali (Na,K 0 ). Very large reserves o f both types of ore are available. Our PYRAX products are ground to number of size specifications. Color also varies with the particular needs of the customers. Some typical grades of PY RAX follow: Residue % on. Produet ' ~-i" 4 rrasl. 20 mesh PY4AX ABB : PYRAX RS , ' : PYRAX B ! . : ,' . PYRAX Rdy* 0 PYHAXRG140 V ^ 1-10 45-70 1-8 y : Residue % on Product . . . 65, mesh lOOmesh' 200 mesh PYRAX ABB - 0.5 mo*. PYRAX HS : ; - 0.25 max. P Y R A X B Y-'.- P Y R A X RG U 70-85 -. : P Y R A X RG 140 : 35-50 - 1 0 max. IQ max: ^ 1.0 max. 7 5 -0 0 ,: 55-30 More detailed inform ation, com plete data sheets, specifications and technical brochures m ay be obtained by sim ply filling ou t the perforated reply card on the back flap o f this pam phlet 9 0 w e s t STREET - N E W . Y O R K e N * Y, in tro d u c tio BE $ T I TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 History and Development o f ASBESTINE 3 2 5 . 3 .4 Design Principles of ASBESTINE 325. Si Physical and Chemical Analysis; O il Demand and Particle Size Analysis. ASBESTINE* 3 2 5 in a Typical O il' Base W hite House Paint. O il Demand Characteristics o f ASBESTINE 325; Pigment Packing Factor Data; Effect o f Oil Demand on Raw M aterial Costs. 9, to Paint Performance Advantages o f ASBESTINE 325. How to Predict Brushing and Leveling Charac teristics of a Paint. 12 Consistency Stability o f House Paints, 13 Suspending (anti-settling) Characteristics of ASBESTINE 3 2 5 in House Paints. Fineness o f Grind Data. Dispersion Advantages o f ASBESTINE 3 2 5 . Blister Resistant Paints; Development and Use. Stain and Blister Resistant House Paint Formulations. TechmcalBySetw-No,-! the name -of:aa-me/t. e x te n d e r pigment1which needs :. no introduction to the protective coatings industries,. As ooriy as 1 8 4 9, a fibrous, white, talc-like o f ;V rn i discovered on the land o f a"farm er living n ear Gouvetneuf; N e w Yorh.-Before-long" this-oreTbecame" reco gn iied . l \ " . a c the source o f- a useful-pigment. To tbU d a y these fine-w hite ores a r e consideredto be the best fo r their purpose in the world. - Is ] 8 6 9 l h i first mill Was grinding this or into-a pigm ent. This pigment "increas ingly becam e recognized os useful-in paint. Until the y e a r 1 8 9 3 this ore was moved from the mines, to mills, along the O sw egalchie River, by horse and w agon. - - In 1 393 the railroad came to this locality.-in 1 893 was formed th a t which was later to become the International Talc Com pany,-Inc. This white fibrous magnesium-silicate ,was^ found to. b e nan-reactive with paint oils and thus became recognized as being inert, I f not the most, it is one o f the most inert extender pigments. The international Talc Company, Inc. goye the name ASBESTINE to this pigment and has maintained its manufacture and reputation for more than <53 years. You will find described in the brochure and jedsnicaf data which foljows, a description of our new ASBESTINE 3 2 5 . - ; ASBESTINE 3 2 5 is the result o f y e a r* o f development in our-mills and research department. M ay -we tell you more about ASBESTINE 3 2 5 . and prove how it should be useful to you? ........ ............. ...................- ......... - ................ j , ! {E ASBESTI 93 2 V When a man goes to a tailor and comes away with a suit which rides high and loose about his: neck and drags about his heels, he may well conclude he has been the victim of poor tailoring. For many ye an the paint industry endured a form of poor tailoring. To prevent the presence of oversize particles, such as would protrude through the paint film made.with their product, the paint maker had to reduce the oversize particles by crushing, grinding and milling and had to do so on his own paint mills at his own expense. Many pigment manufacturers recognized this as an imposition upon their cus tomers and have long sought means of removing the oversize from their products. A common method of minimizing occurrence of these oversize particles, was prolonged milling or grinding in the mills of the pigment maker. When they did so, overgrinding was common. Overgrinding produced a large proportion of excessively fine particles in a pigment. Excessively fine particles have large surfaces. This surface must be wet by oil when making the paint. Harley Nelson, some 16 years ago, pointed out this fact. He. said, " . . . a normal pigment averaging about.0.2_ micron in diameter has from 15,000 to 20,000 square feet of surface per pound of pigment or approximately Vi acre." 1 Sufficient ail most be available to wet. this pigment surface before oil is available to wet the substrate and also be available to help shed water from tjie weather surface.1 Dr. W . H. Madson and others have proved titanium oxide particles, judiciously proportioned to the extender pigment used in a paint, may be made; to reduce the total oil demand of the composite of pigments necessary in a paint. 1 Nelson, H. A . -- Practical Point Cdurte IN.E, Production Club) p. 19 (I9 4 0 J 2 Lukens, A . R. <-- Practical Paint Course (N*E. Production Club] p. 55 11954} INTERNATIONAL AL C C O IN C 3 Ai L O R E P I G IE E N T ' ' Technical Bulletin No. 1 Today the teachings of Asbeck and Van Loo give us a better understanding of the value of the Critical. Pigment Volume Concentration test.3 With such a test as a guide, we learn how to choose arid proportion our extender end our linctoria! pigments. W e have learned that an excessive amount of very fine particles, in an extender pigment, prevent most economic proportioning of the very fine particles characteristic of tinctorial pigments. If the extender pigment is wisely designed, particularly ih its distribution of particle sizes, the relatively. smell sized tinctorial particles, such as titanium oxide, will fill into the voids between the larger extender pigment particles. This develops that.which is known as a well designed particle aggregate. A well designed aggregate has a low demand for oil. If, however, the extender pigment contains a high proportion of small particles, and such fill the voids between the larger particles, then the addition of necessary tinctorial pigments further increases, rather than decreases, oil demand. This may be made apparent with the Critical Pigment Volume Concentration test.;! : The; International Talc Company, Inc. research has devised means of so tailoring the new ASBESTINE 325, as to remove oversize particles. W e know how to concurrently proportion the very small .particles. Thereby; we produce an extender, pigment, which will permit fashioning of economic aggregates with the tinctorial pigments. This makes it easy for the point maker to obtain required fineness, of grind test results, yet hot be forced to use excessive oil. This he can do with our hew. ASBESTINE .325. International Talc Company, Inc, offers to you ASBESTINE 325 as a "well tailored" pigment. ASBESTINE 325 has been tailored to top-size removal of larig particles; if has been tailored to permit economies in proportioning of oil and pigments. 3 Asbeck, W. K. and Van Loo, M . Ind. Eng. C hant, 4T, 1 47 0 (1949) Asbeck, Laiderman and Van Loo o ffic ia i algosi No. 3 2 i, M a rc h J 9 S 2 : I N T E R N A T I 0NAL TALC CO., INC. i ! !: ? 4: A S B JES T I N E 3 2 5 CThe w e ll ta ilo red fib ro u s m a g n e s iu m silica te p igm en t) PHYSICAL ANALYSIS Specific G ravity @ 20.C....................................... .:,2 .7 8 , Bulking value.:............................... ................................ 4 .2 g a llo n s /1 0 0 lbs. W eight per solid gallon ............................ ............. 23 .5 Jbs. Moisture c o n ten t............................ .............................less than % of 1 % @ 212F.; Structure.......................................................................... semi-fibrous Reactivity with linseed oil ....................................... inert Spectrophofbmetric color (H un ter)-.........................9 0 - 9 2 (G re e n filter ) PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ANALYSIS HEGEMAN FINENESS .. ... 4-4.5 K.U. (note tost procedure 11) He mill discolaratlan when mating whites. ASBESTINE 32S is a "stir-in" pigment, S iO , .................. M g O ............. . CaO ............... FejOj .... AbOj ....... COs ............... Ignition loss..... PH .. ;.. . CHEMICAL ANALYSIS 58,01 % 2 8 .8 8 % 4 .9 7 % .3 0 % .8 5 % 1.95% 4 .4 1 % 9 .3 -9 .6 (in distilled water) I INTERNATIONAL TALC CO IN C FEDERAL SPECIFICATION TT-P-102 CLASS "AH WHITE HOUSE PAINT Ib i. 345 1 /2 146 266 44 378 100 9.2 T.5 1501.7 Gals. ; 7.51 3.23 4.51 11.22 . 5.60 ; . 51.80 15.44 0.95 0.17 . . 79.45 ; 35% leaded Z iiti Oxide Basic Sulfate W h ile Lead Free C halking Anatase Titanium Dioxide Asbestine ' `S IS " . .* * 0 " Bodied Unseed Oil W hile Refined Linseed O il M ineral Spirits 2 4 % Pb N apflienolfr 6 % M n Naplhenaie ANALYTICAL DATA Wt. Gal. % Pigliteli " (by W t. Paini] IS .l 43.0% Vehicle Non Volatile P.V.C, 80.0% ; 32.0% SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DATA [Color Value) (2.5 Mil Pry Film) COLOR: 84 F 85 Green Filter Amber Filter CONTRAST RATIO B lue F ilte r ' ; . <'r ... S' ! N T E R N A T 10 H A L T A L C C 0 , I N C M OIL DEMAND of an EXTENDI Increasingly, the so-called Pigment Packing Factor test is winning recognition as. a usetui means of evaluating the relative economies o f various pigments. The Pigment Packing Factor (PPF) is a volume relationship. This test indicates the demand o f a pigment for just sufficient vehicle to wet the particle surfaces dndto fill the voids created by that pigment in normal packing. The particles- a re not forced together as in the rub out test. Different individuals are able to reproduce and check results with each other. The PPF is expressed as a percentage of volume. Shown is the volume of vehicle used to wet and fill the voids. If for example, in TOO cc o fp a c k e d particles and vehicle we arrived at a balance of 4 3 cc o f pigment and 5 7 cc o f linseed oil (this could be gallons or any other volume unit), then such would indicate 4 3 % PPF for that pigment. Taking Into consideration the specific gravities of the vehicle ond the pigment, one may readily convert to a weight relationship. Thus one obtains the calculated oil dem and to w et and fill i 00 pounds o f pigment. It is recommended one then app ly the relative costs per pound o f oil arid pigment and thus determine the relative usage value o f the pigment under consideration,. If one pigment demands more oil than a competitively similar pigment even though bought a t the same price per ton, it is indeed likely to prove more costly in your formulation. This test has helped us to tailor ASBESTINE 325 to that which we believe to be the lowest in vehicle (oil) demand of any pigment of its type. II might bel advisable for you to make the PPF test upon the extender pigment you now Use and consider whether or not ASBESTINE 3 2 5 may develop significant economies for you. INTERNA T I 0 N A L TALC CO IN C 7 IP* AS WE SEE IT Technical Bulletin f-o. I OI L DEM AND ASBESTINE " 3 2 5 " VOLUME BASIS OIL 44 Lbj, PIGMENT 100 Ib. t i-agiSiife,. ` 44 T- T 34J4 OIL % 57% fMiSp- PIGMENT PACKING FACTOR 43 IHM limaiuu BIM __ lljlH. IHMMIIII $ OM P e r. {.P ig m e n t > p |U VERSO PRICES I N T E R N A T I O N A L T A L C CO., INC. 8 supply -of b I' jDiam!*r !n iAfCRONS n FINES PROPORTIONED TO Expectwell balanced leveling Expect fow o il d em and fcxpcct little or no. sag. Technical Bulletin No; X: H O W T O PRE D IC T B RU S H IN G A N D LEVELING CHARACTERISTICS E A P A IN T B Y THE USE OF A R O TA TIO N A L VISCOMETER Resistance to sag, abilily to level well (thus minimizing brush nncrks), easy brushability, all o f these are important requirements o f a well designed paint. Rotational : Viscosimeters, particularly those such as the Interchemica), the Brookfield, etc. may be used to give data which will signify the ability o f your paint to meet these requirements. HIGH < - SHEAR RATE - LOW S R I JS rtIM G : G O D O L E V tE L !N Q : G O O D FLOW HIGH E tF ItJ S H I N G : G C IG D S _ E \ F E C -IN Q : P O O R ! / i / IO W ! '- I FLOW LOW HIGH :! 11 B R U S H IN G : D R A G G Y L E V IE L IN G : S L C IW / r~ r~ ~ i rn E IR U S E IIN G : D R A G G Y L E V E L IN G : V E R Y P O O R SHAR RATS - > r - : r: / / V / : > /" -1 lo w / IOW FLOW HIGH LOW . FLOW HIGH 11 I N T E R N A T ! ON A L T A L C CO., IN C. Technical Bulletin Noi 1 W e presnt; herewith Characteristic graphs. These demonstrate whereiri ASBESTINE 3 2 5 will make a TT-P-102 paint [and others! having excel lent rheological properties, CONSISTENCY C H A N G E 'V&' TIME Various extender (arid tinctorial) pigments have varying disposition to thicken (gelate) paint oils, ASBESTINE, being a truly inert pigm enf,:main tains consistency. To prove this w e show the con sistency change o f a TT-P-102 formula containing ASBESTINE 3 2 5 fo r 3 ,0 0 0 hours, : At the end o f 1 hour, TO hours, 2 4 , 7 2 , 10 0 , 1 2 0 0 and 3 6 0 0 hours,, the: paint was removed from the container and stirred so as to incor porate the thinner. This remixed paint was tested to show both KU and Interchemical Viscosimeter viscosities. All tests and aging a t 7 0 F . CONSISTENCY CHANGE WITH TIME ASBESTINE "325" <: Mr - OI ' -- . . . . mmt KU a _ Plovlic Viscosity --S ; TIME AFTER MILLING (HRS^ I NT ER N A T I 0 N A I T A L C CO * I INC 12 Uvil Iatf TIME (HOURS) ASBESTINE has long been considered an excellentm eans of mini mizing settling in paints. Normal tests in the con require long periods o f time, and to be exactly com parative, would require temperature controls. An accelerated test yielding useful information and indicative o f the relative ability of extender pigments has been devised.' In this test w e made a TT-P-102 paint [using the proportion of AS BESTINE shown elsewhere in this brochure]. W e mixed equal parts o f this paint and the same thinner indicated in that specification. 100 cubic centimeters of this diluted point were poured info a graduate calibrated from 0 to TOO. Temperature was maintained at 7 0 F . dz 10 'F . : The rate of settling was observed by the level reached in the various times shown above. The photograph shows the level a t TOO hours. INTERNATIONAL TALC 13 'sH- 'hT1 FINENESS OF GRIND Hegemon To prove the precision o f tailoring top sizes o f an extender |of tinctorial] pigment a simple and informative test has been devised. A charge o f 1 quart o f a pigment or pigments with a mixture of Q Bodied and W hite. Refined Linseed: Oil plus just enough M ineral Spirits to give good mill grinding consistency; is recommended. If one then removes samples from the mill and makes a Hegeman test every .15 minutes, there will be obtained data indicating the relative grindability of pigments. It is recognized that certain tinctorials a re composed largely o f flocculates o f very small particles..Grinding or milling o f such breaks down these foes and replaces the a ir and water, which cements them into sizes objectionable to glossy finishes.;: ' M any extender pigments have not only these floes, but also large gritty particles.' All o f these must be reduced to a certain size to obtain a required Hegeman test. It will be noted that AS3LS1INE 3 2 5 serves two purposes. If the mill base o f tinctorials is preground to a gyen Hegem an, the ASBESTINE may be stirred in or rapidly dispersed by b n y high speed mill. ASBESTINE 325 HEGEMAN 4-4.5 If the ASBESTINE 3 2 5 is introduced with the tinctorials (in the formula shown} a Hegeman o f . 4 .5 is obtained in 1 and VS hours. To obtain this same Hegeman without ASBES TINE 3 2 5 requires more than A hours o f milling. . By itself, with the twb oils shown, ASBESTINE 3 2 5 edme to a Hegeman o f 4 Vi in less than 15 minutes. Used in this test: 1 gallon porcelain mill 7 " x 7 " charged with 3 5 -- 1 11 -- 1 " and 82 : -- " porcelain pebbles. Rotating speed 5 rpm. . Room tem perature 7 0 F . I N T E R N A T I D N A L T A L C C 0 . ( INC . ^Technical Bulletin N, I Pdrcelairi a l l -- p o r c e l a i n ihili d i s p e r s i e n in s t ' a n d a r d o u t s i d e white house paint FIN EN ESS-HEGEMAN 53 4 GRINDING TIME-- HOURS I NT ER HAT I 0 N A L T A I D CO. , INC 15 Technical Bulletin No. 1 Lately much interest has been displayed by consumers and paint; manufacturers alike in blister resistant paints. Excessive moisture conditions can be controlled by: T , '; Sidew all vents. .2 . , A ttic louvres. 3. . Correct rpaintenonco.Tof juJters, valleys and house foundations. 4. Venting of suck-equipment as clothes dryers. ! 5. In te llig e nt use o f iTitufafion and barrie r m a te ria l. Observing the. aboy precautions will usually eliminate need for special paints. The many excellent conventional house paints formulations will give good performance in such cases, on new wood as Well as on repaint work. The seconcT way: is to formulate paint with o specially designed vehicle which Will not be affected by excessive moisture; e.g, will not absorb w ater and sweN or: lose adhesion to the substrate. Pigmentation is important in these paints. Reactive pigments are omitted, nces- 1 sitatirg the Use o f fungicides. Paints formulated in: this manner give excellent performance under adverse, con ditions that would cause normal paint films to blister severely. It should be noted that this performance can be expected Only when the blister, resistant paint is applied over new wood. In the case of repaint work experience has indicated that the old paint.should . be completely removed, preferably by burning followed by washing, if good blister resistance is to be expected. W e present herewith, two formulations demonstrating the use of ASBESTINE 3 2 5 in blister resistant paints. Due to.lower oil dem and and excellent anti-settling character istics of 5BESTINE325, higher pigment volume concentrations are possible effecting a lower production cost without affecting performance or storage characteristics. I N T E R N A T ! ON A L TA L G C 0 f N C. Technical Bulletin No ] STAIN AND BLISTER HOUSE PAINTS F O R M U L A # 1 0 1 ft A lit* . 56 56 4Q4 ; 35* 32.9 C ali. 1.73 KAO - 17.50 6M S 00 :f r r M ' r- : ^ r *.Y : - - '- i- Trtartox A ^ l -U l Tllruta* RA ASSENTINE 32 5 Cybtlit) 70 Minerai 5pirits r l 4 ,S 2. 0-- i.7 3 CM . M .0* 63 .03 . in 67- a a s - ---------- .10 M inerai Spirit* . ftutaotsM * 30 CNOpihBTialB ..................~-6ria-Mn-PJaptfiencite - ....... .......- 2 4 %- Pii N a p lh th rte .......... - fitJx.!da-itl -B--- t 9 .o x 99.04 .. -, - F.V.C. : . . V N.V. . . ..C onsw teney__ ^ -:.:rTotflt Sofidl7.k'i ..-Haffcwiqrivv.";' ... 7 *- H "................................. -- 11,0 . . -- . 40.4 % . ........... 4 s.4v; 3 4 KU _ 4.0 - l,2 i/g a l,i r 0 6 -- flan(pricot) .. - NOI t Nomes -of supplier*-furmihe^ on written- request. i '.~'i ' . "< -i '1 FORMULA *61016 A tb e . 50 50 360 336-. 164.5 . 3.5 ' 0.67 0.67 6.73 .0-91 1028.00 G als, 1,54. 1,43 : 15.61 50.00 . 2 5 .0 0 .SO .0 .08 .71 ,1 1 : :: 95.36 Titnnoi A -168-10 - T itan o x RA ASBESTINE 3 2 5 Cyfceliii 7 0 . :: M ineral Spiriti Bufonofwrt 30 6% Co N ap th cn al. 6 % Mei N a p ih e jiq to 2 4 * Pb M aprittooi, . A rvtioildantB U>. p v gotten.... ............. ............ ........... .............. .............. .. 10.8 KV.C............................ ..... ................................ ....... ............. 36,T% V.N.V. ....... ........................................... ....... ...................................4 9 .1 % Conslifency . ...... ............................................ ....... SS HU. T)l Solid..................................................................... ......... 7 1 . * Hegemon ......I,,..,..,;.. ................. 4.0 la 4,5 K.M.C. . . . .......... ........... ....... ...................... ............ . $1 -27/gal, [POB -- plant print) . NOTE Name* of tuppISer fomlhd on Vtfitfwi iequet-1. . , INTERNATIONAL TALC CO., INC 17 YOUR INQUIRIES FOR SAMPLES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE ARE INVITED For your convenience, a business reply card is enclosed for ordering a sample o f our new ASBESTINE 3 2 5 . The International Talc Co., Inc. maintains a fully equipped paint laboratory for your service. I NT E R N A T I 0 N A L T A L C COM PA NY, I N C . 9 0 WEST STREET NEW YORK 6, NEW YORK The information herein Is based on tests Relievedtobe reliable.We do notguarantee theresultstobeobtainedwiththisinformation. J 1 i 9 O W E S T STR EJT N E W Y O R K 6 , N .Y . Covering taie, clay, calcium and magnesium carbonates, and blanc fixe in printing ink. ......... i ........ mi im..... .. O N SID E R A B L E work has been done by private compan ies and research laboratories on extenders for use in printing inks. For many years, aluminum hydrate, magnesium carbonate and blanc fixe were-the commonly accepted and used ink extenders. Lately, however, the popularity of these three standbys has been challenged by the use of natural extenders such as talc (magnesium silicate), calcium carbonate and clay as well as by new forms of pre cipitated extenders. T his article deals w ith the production and availability of white extenders. I t is designed to give the ink maker a better conception of how white extenders are produced commercially. Another article pre senting more specific detailed infor mation on grades and applications in printing ink is being prepared and will be published at a later date. Talc TALC, an abundant mineral mined in many parts of the world, chemically is a hydrous magnesium silicate with the basic formula of 3M gO 4SiO., T L O . I t is also some times known as soapstone, but for simplification purposes, the word "talc'' will be used here throughout. T he impurities present in this mineral influence the physical charact eristics of the powdered form. In general, when the calcium content is high and present in the form of a calcium silicate, the powdered material is harsh, abrasive and has a dry feel when rubbed between the fingers. Because of these abrasive characteristics, the varieties, of talc containing calcium silicate generally are avoided by th.e printing, ink in dustry. I f the calcium is .present in the form of crystalline calcium carbonate, the talc still has a harsh, dry texture, b u t is considerably less abrasive. Because of the correlation between abrasive characteristics and the presence of calcium, there is a tendency to select talcs w ith a low calcium content. A second common impurity found in this mineral is iron oxide which may be present either as ferric oxide or as a complex magnesium ferric silicate; T h e presence of the iron tends to make the talc grayish in appearance. In many applications, this gray color is not objectionable. It does, however, limit the use of iron bearing talcs in printing ink form ulations. In general, talc containing iron as an. impurity is soft and ex tremely non-abrasive to plates. Interestingly, the same grades of talc that are popular for cosmetics are likewise the most desirable for printing ink extenders. These are the grades low in impurities, hence, w ith the whitest color and the softest basic particles. In the United States talcs of this quality occur hi N orth Caro lina, M ontana and California. By careful selection, these grades are being mined in Ontario, Canada, but up to the present only in limited quantities. Large quantities are pro duced in France and Italy. India also produces high quality talc. Calcium bearing talcs occur in New York State and certain areas of Covering talc, clay, calcium and m agnesium carbonates, and blanc fixe ;in , printing ink. ON SID .ER A SLE wtirk lim , been done by private compan ies and icsesich laboratories tTextenders for use in printing inks. F o r many years; alunfinuji). hydrate, magnesium ciirbirifttc and blanc fixe were the commonly accepter] jiid used in k extenders. Irately, however,, the popularity of these three standbys has been challenged by the use of natural extenders such u talc (magnesium silicate), calcium carbonate ami d a y as -well as by new forms of pre cipitated extenders. T his article de^ls w ith the production.and availability of white extenders. I t is -designed to five the ink muter 51 better conception of how white extenders arc producedcommercially. Another article- pre senting more specific detailrd infor mation pi; grades and applications in printing Ink is being prepared auct w ill be published at a Inter date. Talc T ALC, an abundant im'nentl mined in many parts of the world, chemically is a hydrous magnesium silicate with the basic form ula of 3 M g O -4S]"Oi *HaO. I t is also some times known as soapstone, bu t for simplification purposes, the word `hale" will be used here throughout. T h e inaporitka present in this m ineral influence the physical charact eristics of the powdered form. I 11 general, when the calcium content is high a n d . present' in the fimti o f a calcium silicate, the powdered m aterial is harsh, abrasive and has a dry feel when rubbed between the fingers. Because of these abrasive characttrwticb', the varieties of talc containing calcium silicate generally are avoided'by ehp 'printing ink In dustry. If the calcium, is present in the form of crystalline calcium carbonate, the talc still hiw a harsh, dry texture, but ip considerably lew abrasive. Because of the.'correlation between abrasive 'characteristics a n d : th t presence of calcium, there ia & tendency to select talcs w ith a low calcium content. A second common impurity found Iri- this mineral is iron oxide which may be. present either as ferric oxide o r H ,i complex magnesium ferric silicate. T he presence of .the iron tends to make the talc grayish in appearance. In many, applications, this gray color ia not objectionable. I t dncAj however, limit the use &f iron bearing talcs in printing ink form ulations. In general, talc' containing iron .as an impurity is soft and ex tremely non-abrasive to plates. ' . Interestingly, the same grades af talc th at arc popular for cosmetics a rt likewise the most desirable J o f printing ink extenders,1These are the grades Jow in impurities, hence, 'with 'the whitest color and the softest.basic particles. In the United States "talcs of this quality occur ire N orth Caro lina, M ontana mid California. By careful HcJecticn, these gradis re being mined in Ontario, Canada, but up to the present only in limited quantities. Large quantities atc pro duced in France and Italy. Indiaalso produces high quality talc. Calcium bearing talcs occur in New York State and certain areas of times is used as arr extender by other industries which is known vs pyrophyl- lite. Pyrophyllitf is a hydrous alumi num bilicate ami is often described by mineralogist* s' having the same basir physical diaractsriitics u tale, U n fortunately, mosti.known pyrophyllite deposits contain some impurities which destroy the softness and so give 111 abrasive type of niateriak By A< J. Gitter ' T a lc fa available in u n lim ited . .Whiliaker Clarlc-4 Daniels, Wow York quantities is an extender. I t represents a material that can be adopted with complete assurance of ready avail- ability. .Users of talc as ink extender! should investigate the various, g ra d - California. Iro n bearing grades are in a j t t attrition mill, h high speed of talc, .for the larger manufacturer;;: generally products. of Vermont, W illiams mill or pebble mill to the probably will find it advatitageou* to Georgia, M aryland and Virginia. low micron sires. I t .might be noted use several dtrtfnct types in his /orni- T able 1 shew* typical analyses of each th at since the'talc generally js a. dense, . ulntions to take best advantage f the . type; T a lc is.mined by both underground and atrip 'operations. Thu under ground mihe* can vary from 100 feat, to over 1,01)0 feet- Jn- depth. Often, massive type ot ore, it does not tend to break down by itself and requires extensive grinding. T h e grinding generally .is! accomplished, by a dry process. various pliyuical dmacrcri&tks. C lay ASEC O N D popula i"white extend- -, cr for printing ink is.olay, a na the-mines producing the he6t grades I t is powiblc to select a., talc tural hydrous, aluminum silicate.. for printing ink extender* must be. for use .iKan extender having consider There are many kinds and chsrifica-. timbered. Strip mining is Its* common able variations.in properties to fit the tions oi d ay us this is one of the most in the' United States than in foreign particular type of . ink desired. .For common minerale found in n ature.T he .countries but is utilised whenever the example, the oil absorption Yuries con . type of interest to printing ink makers -talc-veins, arc n e a r' enough to the siderably with the basic type of talc 1$ th at designated, 'china d ay Or - ..surface tti perm it this type of uper- 4 well'aa with variations in the fine kaolin. These typea are w hite in color ' atiori. Because the printing ink industry baveunh high standards, it is com mon to hand pick printing ink grades. T he. or is p u t through a jaw crusher and thcn. grpun.rl in a roller or pebble mill. This produce talc of x particle size of 200-325 mesh or finer, Tkcnu&e of the need in ' printing ink .form- ness of grind. T he viscosity of the ink also can be Affected 'by the inherent wettability characteristics of the talc particle;, some talcs are more easily wetted than others'. Along this same line, the variation in the inherent slipperiness nf the talc also will tvfffCt its viscosity and tendency tow ard thixotropic behavior.. possessing & fail' amount of tackiness when wet. Clay -of thia nature is mined domestically in Georgia." End South Carolina. Considerable tonnage of white clay alio is produced in other locations but tbear grades generally ere utilised by the ceramic industry exclusively. T h e English- china clay is likewise popular as an. ink extender. ulations for materials of fine particle- I t might be mentioned at this point -Chini, d ay is strip ruined, and to size, the h ilt may be ground further that b, material similar to talc some produce suitable grades fo r in k ex- tenders, it is normally washed in water. The. clay as it occurs in the mine contains varying amounts of water, oftentimes.up to 20-25%. The clay is agitated in a large blungei into a thin slip or slurry. Because of the tonnage processed, it generally is cleaned by .water.separation. T h e day slurry is maintained at such a con sistency that the heavy foreign im purities, such as. free quartz, will' drop to the bottom , of the. flotation tanks. Mica and other materials having a lighter specific gravity are removed with the tap water. T h e clean slurry is then either pumped into a, filter1press or treated on drum filters to remove the major portion of the water. Next, the clay is dried and pulverized' to w hat is classified as "air floated" fineness. A ir classification : is. more accurate than screening and permits more.controlled segregation of the finer particles. T he air floated materials generally can be considered to be 200 or 325 mesh depending upon th e 1air stream ad justments. Clay materials in this condition frequently are used as extenders. A t the same time, however, it is becoming an increasingly common practice to grind: the clay further in a jet at trition, high speed Williams, or pebble mill. Likewise, for certain 1types of work, th= clay may be surface coated with a stearate or other material. The purpose1of the coating .s 'to give selected characteristics to ink1form ulations' in. so far as'' wetting 1and1 physical behavior is concerned. W hereas the impurities cause mark ed differences in the-characteristics, o f.. clays used- as-extenders are known as "secondary" .formations. T he original clay forming material-'Hid. down .an il -pre-historic geological period, later was carried to a nesv location either; by ' wi n d or water. Typical kaolin; analyses are shown in T able II. ' ' O n the subject of. d ay for printing: ink, mention should be.made:of ben- tonite. Minerdogically,- bentonite be longs to .the clay family as it :is also a hydrous aluminum'silicate.1 I t is gen- ' ' erally considered to be of what geoh.jt- ' ists call a montmorillonite. formation.. Bentonite generally is not; used'as an extender but can be added;to mixes to' give suspension and .consistency. T h e W yoming type of bentonite has a ' high' water absorbency plus a peculiar tendency to -well when w e t ted, T he color of the Wyoming-South Dakota material tends, to be on the gray-buff side. However, when ben tonite is used, the percentage is small,1 seldom exceeding 3% , s.o that the coIot is not too much of a limiting factor. T he high and low ' gel imported ' bentonites, on. the other hand, are w hat are known .as sub-bentonites. These do not have the' swelling characteristics or the high w ater re tention of the oth er:bentonites. They acr more like a highly plastic day. H ere again, the mineral is used essentially to give increased consist ency or suspension. Calcium Carbonate TH E term calcium carbonate covers a number of distinct types of materials but because of con flicting.nomenclature in the trade, the term is being more widely used to cover any material that is essentially calcium carbonate. By this is meant Topr Amorphous chalk stor age depot in England. EngHsfi product is obtained from the famous " W hite Ctiffs of Dover." C&nteri Drying pans near th$ extensive Onrya chalk d e postls in France. Bottom s Loading Omyo chalk for shipment fa the crushers. ^ I. f- either a precipitated calcium carbonate or a natural calcium carbonate. Both the precipitated and the natural . types are used :as extenders for a wide range of printing inks. The precipitated form can be prepared by' either of two processes. The first is by the reaction of lime water 'and carbon dioxide and the second is the reaction between, sodium carbonate and lime. In. both cases, a pure calcium, carbonate with amorphous particles is produced. In general, the precipitated calcium . carbonate is cleaner"and brighter than the natural calcium carbonate. While the pre cipitated. type has higher chemical purity, it also has greater alkaline reactivity. If the precipitated calcium carbonate is not washed carefully, it is also subject to greater variations in pH which; in turn, affect the viscosity of the ink. . Natural . calcium carbonate is produced from materials identified mineralogically as chalk, marble, sugar calcite limestone and other varieties. The natural material may be am orphous,. crystalline or cryptocry stalline in structure. In each case, there, is a difference in the appli cation of the type of final product, even though the mineral is ground to the same, fineness and shows .the same chemical analysis. W ithin the United States,, the sugar, calcite type is perhaps of the greatest interest to the ink industry as in its ground form it has except ionally good color and brightness. Deposits occur in -widely separated localities, the most important of which are Georgia, Pennsylvania, Missouri, southern 111. and Vermont. It nor mally is strip mined, crushed, and then either ground'wet or dry in tube mills. Sugar calcite is a. hard, dense ma terial, ' but one which grinds -readily. The grades -of most interest to ink makers are, those :which are water ground and in which the particle size is controlled. The advantages of controlled particle size are becoming increasingly evident as an outgrowth' pT. the studies in low! micron ex tenders. The English and French calcium carbonates generally are produced from mining amorphous chalk such as the "W hite Cliffs of Dover" in England or from the famous Omya chalk deposits in France, Here again, the material is strip mined but due to the amorphous characteristics of the chalk, the processing is somewhat easier. It might be noted in passing that these deposits contain quantities of a hard material -which is salvaged for use as grinding pebbles in ball and pebble mills. English chalk as processed by bath wet and dry grinding. In the ease of the wet grinding, the selection of grades here again is made by water, classification and sedimentation.,'1All of the French chalk is dry. ground. Due to the inherently good charact eristics it is possible to produce by- dry grinding, a French material compar able to wet ground English products. The advantage of calcium carbon ates as extenders is due essentially to their good color, which is of im portance in obtaining clear colors in p r i n t i n g ink, and to their' excellent working properties. The presence of impurities in unprocessed calcium carbonate is of concern but Silica Aluminum Oxide Ferric Oxide Calcium Oxide Magnesium Oxide T itanium Dioxide Aluminum Iron Magnesia Lime Soda Potash Sulfate as SOs Alkali in K ,,0 Chemical W ater Moisture Loss on Ignition English Chino Clay .47.40% 38.01 ' 0.59 Trace 0.41 . TABLE II Georgia KaoUrt 43.66% 41,26 Trace 0.86 0.12 -- 0.29 1.26 -'--- -- --- 11.99 _; __ -- -- -- ,-V . ---. -- 13.99 bentonite Wyoming Italian 64.00% -- --- _- 67.42% 15.83 0.88 2.65 . 1.29 __ - 21.00 3.50 2.30 .50 2.60 .40 __ 5.20, __ __ ........ ... " __ Trace 1.09 -- 10.83 Typical Analyst*- Calcium Carbonate Magnesium Carbonate Alum & Ferric Oxide Silica & Acid Insolubles Aluminum Oxide Aluminum Ferric Oxide Iron Silica Manganese W ater Soluble Salts Moisture Water Organic Substances -- I/aDLE I I I ------- - Calcium Carbonates Qmestk Precipitated Calcite Type English 98.75% 98.20% 97.52% 0.38 1.20 0.66 0.32 0.38 -. 0.44 -- 0.12 -- --- ___ ,, -- 0.06 -- ---- 0.45 i . h - -- 0.02 -- 0,07 0.20 -- 0.25 -- -- -- -- French 99.20% 0.12 ____ __ 0.014 0.014 0.30 0.0095 d.a. 0.14 0.035 not primarily because of the basic mineralogical constitution of the cal cium carbonate. Typical analyses of calcium carbonates appear in Table H I. Other Extenders MA G N E S IU M carbonate was long a popular extender for printing ink when natural vehicles were being used extensively. W hile this product occurs as a mineral, it is rarely used in this form by the print ing ink industry. T h e natural mag nesite tends to be too high in im purities so that major demands are for precipitated grades. The extender grades of magnesium carbonate are being increasingly precipitated from sea water. By carefully controlling all phases of the process, it is possible to produce an extremely fine grained, closely controlled pure magnesium carbonate of high brightness. Research efforts are investigating the possibil ities of manufacturing a product with a reduced pH for ink use. This lower pH would overcome many cur r e n t n h ip r tin n e tn t h e itcp o f rna.crnp':- product used either in a powder or paste form. For many years, it was used in the higher quality inks be cause .of its remarkable transparency. T his material, likewise, has water repellent characteristics desirable in the finished ink. T he use of alumina hydrate is traditional and of great importance as an ink extender. Blanc fixe is a precipitated barium sulfate considerably more opaque when used as an extender .than either alumina hydroxide or magnesium car bonate. I t likewise is used both in powder and paste forms. I t is used w ith lithographic as well as with printing inks. T h e popular usage of the precipitated extender is due largely to the low micron particle size of the product. Barium sulfate also occurs in the natural form in which it is known as barytes. This form is seldom used by ink formulators as the color is apt to be off and it cannot be ground to as fine a particle size as the precipitated blanc fixe. "ViT-rar^- V--.p -riff. mica thus increasing its adhering pro perties. W hite materials such as the alu minum stearates frequently are used in printing inks. These cannot be classified properly as extenders since their selection is made more upon the other characteristics which the stea rates give to the ink. These materials are precipitated metallic soaps. By controlling the manufacturing process the aluminum stearates can be formed either as mono-, di-, or tri- stearates. T h e printing ink industry in its normal investigation of the many white extenders available makes use of the combination of several different materials in order to obtain the specific type of ink desired. T h e use of the natural white minerals as ex tenders .is expanding and as the ink industry expresses interest in these materials, producers are making con tinued improvements in- processing. It' might he noted that the supply of all of the natural extenders mentioned .jn rhie article- 1 plentiful and their COMPETITIVE DATA - ItiflfcATIONAl TALC GO. 57l 4 T/L ; P ric e ASBES- 1 : FOB . TINE 325 . P la n t Grade Mesh $ 28.00 : 98.5 KD .Range: W ater Ah- Hogman* P a in t : O il Ah- s o r p tia n F in e T e st : s e r p tie a cc 1a tier P a r t i c l e ness : F erm ila : ' 3-C 10 grams Shape 1 l:.:/:': *70-76 : : 29-32 75-99 ; serai- fib re u s n i v ..; :. lew o il demand; high P7C p e s s i b l e r lew Ku. ra n g e ; f a r s i t e r i e r p a i n t s , 28.00 3X 9 8 ,5 76-81 37-41 120-140 fib re general purpese pigment fe r e i l , 1 e le e -re s in u s ,.w ater emulsion ; / in te r io r and e i t s r i e r p a in ts. 31.00 Fin 9 9 ,5 H - 2 ' "6-83 /i'. ! 37-42 Texture 110-130 fib ro u e s l i g h t l y h ig h e r /c a n s ! sieiicy , th an - 3X improved Hegmaiti f e r i n t e r i o r and s ite ris r paints. . : 33.00 5X 9 7 .5 , .87-100 : . :4:7-;B3 145-165 f ib ret high o il ab aeru tien ; most fib ro u s A sbestine; higher consistency range f e r e r t e r i e r e il and w ater u a in ts . 38.00 ; 325 99.98 4 - 4* 75-81 : 37-41 90-120 sem i- ; ''ta ilo r e d " * * t a l c ; medium e i l ; , fib reus' rabssrptien; and consistency ; fe r e il and w a te r p a in te . : ' ".v , 90,00 425 99.99 5 - H 77-85 , 45-52 : iio - 1 4 0 eeraii- : "t a i l o r e d 1*** t a l c ; m edium/high o i l fib reus deinand; f e r in d u s tr ia l p a in ts . ; ; 85,00 ; 625 99.99 5* - S , 125-140 . 65-72 190-240 p l a t e y " ta ilo r e d " * * p la te y t a l c ; h ig h e s t , o i l a b e e r p tie # and c o n s is te n c y ; im :p arts fla ttin g ;. reduces glass f e r ' lew sh e en /p a in ts i "V Hogfnan. e b ta in a d 'b y -h a n d m ix in g T. lin se e d . e i l , **I n te m a i i o sa i 1s u n iq u e p r e c is a f e r rem eving cearoe p a r t i c l e s , b a la n c in g I n t ra e d i a t e s i i s s and prepertiidng fin e s. V v.~ : . Net f a r Cuatarrer D i s t r i b u t i en . ,12/20/61 WHTTTKBR, CLARK & DANIELS .-INC. S < t) /'; f