Document Rpwy4L2qG5KnOaO8Q71b2y1QB

<) Atomic Groups Wrdrae*# (<>") (<>) (<>) (<>) (<>) 10} \ 7 VV LIIMm, B.>,ltlu. 6otn Cocbon Nllre Otyf* FIWIm vjj ..... ...... .--.IS <v*>\ /V*V\ \ /VS" \4 v4' 4^>y> : 4 4 (> > Vf 4 <) 4j 4 4 (A 414 > f 11 {{) f) i if}) i y4$(#4> ||| iV^um Mg^wiium Aluminum Sillcw PH*pfc*r<xn C*>**4 , i<| &k 8 AHer helium, with two electrons In single orbit, rmmbar of electrons In second orbit Increotes by one for eoeh of 8 succeeding elements: lithium, beryllium, bwSfl corbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon -- on inert es Pressure Drop Tests Take to Field EDWARD LABORATORY FINDINGS CHECKED Research into the characteristics of Bow and the reduction of pressure drop has boon a continuing Edward laborstory project for many years. Recently Edward engineers chocked their laboratory findings with a series of country-wide field tests.lbeiieved to bo unparalleled in flow research; in largo central stations operating undor considerably different conditions. 9 Uranium otom, most complex found In nature, has 92 electrons. It 1 A Uronium otom's 92 electrons ore o divided Into seven shells as dia Is notable for Its use in otom bombs gram shows. Boll in center Is nucleus 4 4 The dlogram ihows the ossumedl I orbits of the seven electrons Ihct.j ore to be found in the nitrogen atom' charge; therefore it U electrically neutral. 4. Positron, is believed to weigh, the same as an electron, has a positive -charge equal to the negative charge of the latter. Mesotron, or meson, has weight between that of proton and electron, but the same negative charge as the latter. In dealing with electronic devices the electron is jack-of-all-tradea, but we mention the other particles to get a picture of the atom's structure. Elec* irons, protons, neutrons and probably the other particles are arranged in fairly well-defined patterns to build the different atoms. - Hydrogen Atom. This atom has a .proton that serves as a nucleus shout which a single electron rotates, Fig. 1. Here we have o solar system consisting of one sun, a single proton with a positive electrical charge about which revolves a single planet--an electron 106 (240) with a negative electrical charge. Atoms and electrons are eo small they cannot be seen under the most powerful microscopes. The hydrogen atom, smallest and lightest, has a..di ameter of about 4 billionths of an inch. But the electron's diameter la only about one-hundred-tbousandths part of the atom's diameter. Compared to their dimensions, space is very great between electrons, and between them and the nucleus about which they revolve. Fig. 2. shows Sir Ernest Rutherford's con ception of the hydrogen atom. Accord ing to this famous English physicist, if we imagine the electron enlarged to 30-ft diameter, it would be 300 miles from its proton, which would be the site of a pea. At ordinary temperatures the hydro gen atom's electron hes a velocity of about 75 mi per sec In the orbit around its proton. The proton with its plus eharge attracts the electron with its equal, negative charge so that they tend to fall together just as the earth |? to fall into the sun from gravitatiouJ pull Because of their velocity, fjjS^ ever, both earth and electros tend Mr out into space but are held In ibd orbits by the attraction between the and their sun or proton. As we will see later, increasing dj energy of electrons by heat, radiation causes them to acceleriM their orbits until some By out into ipj Thus, electrons may reach apeedi thj approach that of light Practically the total matt of the sus is in its nucleus. In the hydrogen ttc< the mass of the proton, or nuciect;|jj 1836 times that of the electron. Jfl cause of its comparatively great the proton Is very dense and, there small compared to the electron, The proton in the hydrogen only 1/2000 the else of the electwft4?B Isotopes. We may better ufldeffti** helium, the next otom in the e ,, scale, if we consider the hydrefSj w POWER April few 9J@ jj.^jwjrtusT or soentu MAiwrutunss ca YHA$r CHICAGO, INDIANA )hy.____________________________ JOBBERS EVERYWHERE STOCK EDWARD VALVES v mpri, oi)(i tnd 111, off lit Aw ftrjrtitt* VlinU Ikrtti itmat, (U HrI, ilttt Ei--ti fit* tilt! Mini trt ttrl rf (lock ! inMrttd !*/'*# IFtfltr, In /mitmU, IIHonri tSOO fa lit mfnj; in beilrtrt>*i, fit, till. (w ^Edward valves are slocked by distribtan sod oil field stores in all parts of jwebuntry. Soma of the larger Edward vives are, of course, built on order, nt all Edward forged ateel valves, and PW call steel stop, check, non-return odether valve types are available out f Mock. Mfyour jobber doesn't have the valve "a tnt, he can get it for you and the hinna aro good that shipment can be immediately. ?***. Inowter aod RValUinirt M nstMMd fiOswri tntli ntn-mt* mitt ti Irtpri for itti hit im iJOo Ik HO f miJmiltrn ttnlral dtfitm. IMPACTOR HANDWHffl, CLOSURE INDICATOR AIDS JO OPERATOR For years', the Edward Impactor handwheel hes been the most popular method for manual operation of large valves. Usually attached to a valve with patented EVelthrust boll bearing yoke, it has simplified dosing big valves ogainst high loads In close quarters. Now many largo Edward valves are also equipped with a now, high-visi bility closure indicator to show the position of the velve stem at e gtanco. In combination, 'the Impactor handwheel, BValthrust yoke bushing and Edward closure indicator are great helps to the operator. Trmfertfj iniultlltn term fUixrl mator-ofrralri ttt mint rni| <n,urrict erttturt itef UtU To make the testa, standard valve* were drilled and tapped so that pressure recording gages could bo installed at vital points in the path of flow. Stress analysis was made concurrently through strain gages affixed to the body of the valves. Test results, coupled with laboratory data accumulated through the last decade, have guided tho redesign of many types ofEdward valves with re duction of pressure drop of up to 80 per.cent Edward Fig. 2688's Used on Trap Lines A good all-purposo forgecTstoel globe valve U the Edward Fig. 2688, an O.S, ft Y. valve,-and its inside screw com panion, Edward Fig. 2698. A good example of the many piping usmes Tloorr tIMhiSs vVaBIlVvOe sccrriieess ius this condensatc and trap line hook-up on the reheat system of a big new central station in north central United States. The Edward inclined stem construc tion in small globe valves has many advantages, not only in lower pressure drop, but In reduced wear through freer flow. and. as the illustration shows, piping flexibility 'where o battery of valves must.be inslaUtd in limited space. S ,d engta pop, gefo, nan-r.^xn. btowmW. foadlW NTE* (kU-grol r.oU, tM^ralbon- TPWAaD bvOdi Call and forged Uaal gtoba - and tral~n tar po.ar, palroW modn., and Uchnetogkat iwkw. UNIVALVES, fcydrodk, gag#, U'otgM. ft*-'.