Document RpaqnqxemYkd8Ogj8Ldap41Y8

0007-SWP-043994 0007-SWP-000113364 -22- f&r****fr #86 - Leaded Zinc Pigments Because of the plans to substitute combinations of 414 and 511 leaded zincs for 412 dry in current house paint production, teat batches of SWP Gloss White were made using available samples as representative of the new practices as possible. Hie 414 dry used was Lot 3207, the 511 dry was Lot 2555. A hlend of extenders 2201 - 2203 was substituted for the 20 F extender to emphasize the texture characteristics of the leaded zincs. The results of the tests may be tabulated as follows: RB 2264 RB 2265 Leaded Zinc Used 412 dry 414/511 dries Texture O.X. O.K. Grind Time 6* 10" 6> 2" Fineness 3H 3H Gloss Good Good Color Standard Very slightly g: Viscosities #3 orifice Fresh 1 day 20 days 27" 29" 27" 33" 40" 34.5" Wt./Gal. 14.80# 14.84# The color and viscosity characteristics of the 414/511 combina tion occasion some concern. 0007-SWP--043995 -21- #06 - Leaded Zinc Pigments The Auxiliaries Department submitted for examination three blends of 414 dry with 511 dry which approximate the chemical composition of 412 dry, 55/65 leaded zinc oxide. These blends were prepared using 511 dry of standard color in conjunction with 414 dry samples which had been ralted 70, $0, and 50, respectively. These were substituted in Rex 471 SKP Gloss White for the 450 pounds 412 dry currently being used. In summary it was reported that all batches were normal as regards viscosity, gloss, grind, and color. The color differences, although perceptihie, were very sraill so that it was generally agreed that it would not cause concern. From the standpoint of color, hlends of 414-511 dry equal to or better than the sample submitted under the code No. AURL 931 ore sat isfactory for use in Rex 471. This saaple was prepared with 414 of 50 color. Approval of saaple AURL 931 does not constitute approval for nil blends made with d 414 of 50 color. Composited color must also equal this standard. A review of outstanding bouse paint exposure tests of 414 dry again showed that this pigment performs in a manner typical of a cofumed leaded zinc oxide. In these tests the 414 dry has been substituted on an equal zinc oxide basis, making up the difference in conposition by adding either basic carbonate or sulfate white lead. The review included the following series: 1, Exposures 5539-46 C were examined after 5 years' vertical south at Chicago, Ponderosa pine beveled siding primed with Rex 450 Undercoater. Baghouse and Economizer oxides (early 414 types) were tested in Rex 471 SUP doss White of 7-11-41 and Rex 462 Cream of 8-7-41, the regulars being used as guides. The specials ore made both with regular (5091) and with (3015) non-break linseed oil. The durability of oil the whites was satisfactory: (3015) seems slightly inferior due to erosion, but with (5091) both test pig ments are fully as good as the regular 412 dry. In Cream, both specials shpw noticeahly more dirt but less fading than the regular, 2. Series 6126-35 C, Cof. (4-1/2 years at Chicago and also at Coffeyville) tested the use' of Economizer (l5? leaded) us (a) a replace ment for 40 of the 412 dry, and (b) as 100$ replacement in SUP White and Cream, on cedar beveled siding with Bex 450 Underaoater. One Rex 471 formula is high in T102, low in basic carbonate white' lead, another vice-versa, as we were Interested in using a minimum of white lead at the time. With fairly uniform exposure results at both locations, slight inferiority due to the special pigments is shown, but since the higher quantities of Economizer' (and lowered BOWL) are not particularly poorer than the others there is little to say against the use of the special pigment. However, this slight inferiority carries over into the tints, especially at Chicago. 0007-SWP-043996 0007-SWP-000113366 -22- 186 - Cont. 3. Series 6192-9 C, Cof, (4-1/2 years Chicago, 6 years Coffeyville) tests, in SWP Gloss (Ihite, only 25? 414 in the relatively high Ti02 formula of 10-27-41, plus a reduction of oil content in the vehicle. Neither location shows any appreciable difference due to the 414 or vehicle change. In the Cream shade, 50? and 100? 414 are tested, with both regular and lower oil (increased p.v.c.) With quite advanced failure at both locations, the 100? 414 sample seems slightly beet, hut the 50/50 sample is not quite as good cs the regular (1526 dry). 4. 414 dry is tested in series 6186-91 C, Cof., the purpose being to use the new pigment in c lead-zinc peint. Before general formu lation details were finally worked out, "standard" 414 W was de veloped end this series represents its earliest test on our exposure fences. These tests were exposed on beveled cedar siding, with Rex 450 Undercoater, 4-1/2 years at Chicago and 6 years at Coffeyville, vertical south. Because of the current lack of interest in leadzinc paint and the fact that the set-up is not suitable for test ing 414 W cs such, only a brief statement of results is presented. A 45/40/15? BCWL/414/magnesium silicate special end another with slightly higher ZnO (due to 414 W) and 7? mica gave mediocre results ns compared to regulars. With still higher 414 W, 4-1/2? of mica end about 4? of TiOa, there was a considerable improvement. Poor clenn-iq? was a more important shortcoming than general failure. 0007-SWP-043997 0007-SWP-000113367 Paint Research May, 1948 -15- #86 - Loaded Zinc Pigments At the request of the P. C. and C. Department we prepared an itinerary and conducted a tour of our exposure farm for representatives of Montgomery Ward and Company. This was the third annual visit by this group. Considerable care was exercised to limit the panels inspected to exposures of conventional formulations. Mr. H. F. Saunders and Mr. C. H. Adams, of the Auxiliaries Research Department, reviewed current exposures an basic silicate white lead. To date no failures have occurred which would advise against its use. From a paint application and appearance standpoint, basic silicate white load seems to cause a niffy type consistency which leads to defi nite brush-marking. 0007-SWP-043998 0007-SWP-000113368 Paint Research October, 1948 -19#86 - Leaded Zinc Plearnta Panels 11611-28 F, C were examined after 12 months' exposure at Florida and 17 months at Chicago, vertical south, cedar beveled sid ing. The purpose is to test the results obtained ty using mechanical mixtures of lead and zinc pigments at three zinc oxide levels, the lower ones having been suggested as possibly more suitable in the case of finer particle size zinc oxides than the usual level of about 32)5. AH panels are primed with Rex 450 Undercoater. In the top coats, the following zinc oxides, and also 412 dry leaded zinc, are used at (a) 52? zinc oxide content, (b) 21)5 and (a) 10)5 using 108 dry, XX 592; 1707 diy, X5-50; 2059 dry, XX-503; 2295 diy, Azo ZZZ-33. On the basis of orthodox estimates of the PbO, Pb(0H)Z or "activnconstituent" contents, the mechanical mixtures should be higher in total reactivity than the corresponding co-fumed formulations. It would probably be considered normally that lead-free zinc oxides would be more reactive than the zinc oxide in co-fumed leaded zinc. B.C.V1, "reactivity" may be expressed roughly as 35? Pb(0H)a or 3055 PbO as against about 15 to 2055 for the lead portion cf lead sulfate, plus about 555 zinc oxide. 412 leaded zinc runs from 4 to 655 PbO. It was rather surprising, therefore, to find that in every part of the above test 412 samples were cleaner and better than the corresponding mechanical mixes, especially in the Florida series, which was most important because of mildew growth. There was an Increase in mildew due to decreasing zinc oxide, as expected. Though perhaps too early to be significant, there were signs of failure on the ZZZ-33 samples and in the 10S( zinc oxide group. Mr. C. H. Adams has expressed great interest in these results, and plans to run actual reactivity tests by the fatty acid method on these various pigments. We should be able to report at some future time as to whether his results tend to uphold the orthodox conceptions or the data of these exposures, which certainly do not agree. Two added zinc oxides, St. Joseph's #46 and #17, used at the 30? level only, showed up no better than the poorest of those listed above. 0007-SWP-043999 0007-SWP-000113369 . ' .ib-tf - - ` . Paint Research Newember, 1948 ' ^``C'rC S86 - Leaded Zinc Piemanta Exposures 11319-47 F, C were examined after 18 months at Florida, vertical south, and Chicago north and south, regular cedar siding. The purpose was to test what was considered in early 1946 to be the formulations most likely to be used bgr National Lead in their forthcoming readymixed outside white. The basic assumption was that it would be 80$ each of ZnO, B3WL, BCWL, anatase (for the white) titanium and extenders, the lead and zinc being a mechanical mixture. On this basis several lead-zinc combinations were tested as follows, using (317) "Z" bodied linseed and fonmilating at both 30.4$ and 54$ p.v.c.: XX-503 ZnO, National RTS BCUL end National Acicular BSVL. ZZZ-33 ZnO, National HTS BCUL and National Aciculr.r BSVL. ZZZ-33 ZnO, National #111 BCUL and National Acicular BSVL. ZZZ-33 ZnO, National RTS BCUL and 9 dry Sublimed BSVL. 412 dry (co-fuoed), with National STS BCUL. The Florida tests are two coats self-primed only, but the Chicago tests included self-priming, and the use of Rex 450 and Titanium Pigment's MV-401 (zincless) as primers. > Differences at present are slight, but the following tentative inferences are possible: 1. Co-fumed formulas have at least a slight margin in durability. 2. No particular choice as to p.v.c. level. 3. Slightly greater failure using National HTS-acicular BSVL with XX-503 and ZZZ-33 than when using #111 or 9 dry. 4. ZZZ-33 with #111 possibly poorest of all. (Chicago results contradict this, showing ZZZ-33 with National HTS poorest.) 5. PracticMiy all special testa show more mildew and dirt than co-fvuaed regulars. Exposures U611-28 F, C were examined after 12 months at Florida, vertical south, and 17 months at Chicago. The purpose is to determine whether certain zinc oxides of varying particle sizes could be used more successfully in Rex 471 SUP Gloss White by reducing the amounts used. Regular Rex 471, bodied oil 'type, all anetase TiOg is the basic formula and guide. Mechanical mix formulas at 32$, 21$ and 10$ zinc oxide make 0007--SWP-044000 0007-SWP-000113370 Paint Research November, 1946 -25- #86 - Cont. up the sain teats, using at each level the following sine oxides: 108 dzy (XX-592), 1707 (XX-50), 2059 (XX-505), 2295 (Aso ZZZ-S5), also 412 (Oslo 35/65). A second portion of the teat covers #46 and #17 zinc oxides from St. Joseph Lead Coopeny at the 82J1 level only. Very sharp differences in nlldev (Florida) end dirt (Chicago) shoved up, due to both the type and quantity of pigment. Greater mildew on the lover ZnO samples is obvious. 412 is much cleaner than the nachanieffi at each ZnO level. There is no serious failure, but the two lover-ZnO groups show signs of early erosion, vith 2ZZ-35 tend ing to chech subtly on Florida exposure. The two St. Joseph samples seem even more dirty than the other zinc oxides, and ere the only ones to show really significant checking and cracking. 0007--SWP-044001 0007-SWP-000113371 Paint Research January, 1949 #86 - Leaded 2Inc Pigments 1410 dry, a nsv eo-fumed 20JC leaded zinc oxide, has been introduced by the Auxiliaries Department. This material is produced in a like manner to 412 dry and has texture and color properties similar to that material. Incorporated into Rex 471 SWF Gloss White the initial properties of the point are standard. Arrangements have been made for experimental factory production of the paint and the batch will be completed in the near future. Exposure teats vill also be started immediately. OO07-SWP"044002 I-'*Paint Research February, 1949 -24#86 - Leaded Zinc Pigments Laboratory production of house paints baa bam disturbed by the variable nature of the magnesium silicate supply. Viscosities have been running as high as 60 seconds on a&terials which should be in the 25 - 30 second range. Plant experience is similar. Test batches made using 1410 dry ran consistently high, at 50 - 55 seconds. At the tine this was attributed to the moisture content of the 1410 dry, but since that time high consistencies have been experienced repeatedly with 0 dry so that it asy have been responsible. A further shipment of 1410 dry will be tested in factory production when received. 0007-SWP-044003 0007-SWP-000113373 Paint Research March, 1349 -13#86 - Leaded Zinc Pigments The Chicago plant haa put into production a fomula for SUP making use of 1410 dxy. This production will have a blend of 1989 dry and 2201 dxy for the extender portion. The body effects associated with 20 dxy mentioned in the February report are under investigation. A separate report will be made whan the work reaches a positive stage. 0007-SWP-044004 0007-SWP-000113374 Paint Research April, 1949 -26- #66 - Leaded Zinc Piaoents Exposures 8139-66 C, F, Cof. rare discontinued and reported after 4 years at Florida and Chicago, 56 months at Coffeyville, all vertical south. All are cedar bevel siding, primed with Rex 450 Undorco&ter shaded gray. The series tests 414 leaded cine against regular leaded zincs and mechanical blends, using a conventional pigmentation of 50$ lead, 30$ zinc, 15$ titanium as rutUa/anatase and 25$ extender. The vehicle uses 10 gallons of bodied oil, and the p.v.c. ie 51$. (a) In a group testing 9 dry basic sulfate white lead versus 18 dry basic carbonate as supplementary laad, with 4 "pairs" of paints tested, there is essentially no choice. (b) Due to factors too complex to set forth in detail, only the following highlights of the leaded zinc comparisons can be presented here: (1) All except 412 and certain samples with Azo 55 L show serious failure at Florida. More explicitly, 414, Eagle-Pieher 50/50, Lehigh 655 and especially Lehigh 6 are unsatisfactory in durability. (2) At Chicago, erosion being predominant, Lehigh 655 and Azo 55 L seem least satisfactory, with all others acceptable, none outstandingly good. (3) At CoffsyviUe, vith the longest exposure and the most severe failure, E. P. 50/50 stands out as poor end 412 as good, all others at least fair. (c) The blend of Lowe Brothers V-10 and V-56 leaded oils Beams def initely inferior to (48), which in turn is slightly inferior to (315). (d) Regular 412 against a 414 called "Tad-Nac" in tints shews no difference end "Tad-Sac" in the One white test seems good. (e) The basic formula ("modified vehicle," 31$ p.v.c.) seems generally somewhat Inferior to regular bodied oil type at 36$ p.v.c., which ia used as a guide. 0007-SVTP-044005 0007-SWP-000113375 ? s Paint Research June, 3,949 -20- #B6 - Leaded Zinc Pigments Panels 15740-66 CS and F Were prepared for exposure south vertical Chicago and Florida. The purpose of this series is to compare the tint retention of SWP formulas containing basic carbonate white lead against no basic carbonate and substituting basic silicate white lead plus 414 leaded zinc for the 412 leaded zinc and basic carbonate con tained in the base formula. In the last group 414 is mibstituted on an equal zinc oxide poundage and the basic silicate on an equal volume basis. The following tints were prepared, with tinting colors shown: Rex 469 Berkley Talloy - BT 40, HT 10, CB 7065 Rex 466 Colonial fellow - BT 40, BO 1, CB 7065 Rex 474 Chelsea Gray - CB 7065, BT 40 Rex 478 Geneva Cream - BT 40, BT 10, BO 4 Rex 496 Ivory - BT 20, BT 1, BO 4, BT 40 One SUP with no basic carbonate has been shaded to each of toe above tints using the shading bases which are shown on the formula cards. These are the A series. The regular bases used include several chrome colors and are included for a comparison between chroae and ferrite tinting colors. 0007-SWP-044006 0007-SWP-000113376 Faint Be search February, I960 -54086 - Leaded Zinc Pis--its A seaple of 412 diy Loaded Zino Oxide which had been treated for color iaprovsaent was tested In Hex 471 SVP Gloss White. Ho color improve--it could be noted. 0007-SWP-044007 0007-SWP-000113377 Paint Research March, 1950 -17- #86 - leaded Zinc Pimaenta 1. Panel# 7580-7 F, Cof. were examined after approximately five years1 exposure!, vertical south, at Florida end Coffoyville. The series teats the SUP Tint Bass of 7-21-45, regular using 1526 dry leaded zinc against a stock sample of 414 V from Coffeyvillo and a special composite sample of "Canadian fuse 414" representing batches made at Coffeyvillo from July 7 to September 15, 1948. A# indicated in earlier progross reports, all these materials have shown good dura bility although there is some evidence against the two 414 samples in the form of microscopic checking at Florida. In appearance, the dif ferences are a little more readily noticeable but not outstanding. 1526 is favored because of less white chalk-mask, although the 414'n in some cases seas slightly less dirty. Bo choice is apparent between the regular and composite 414. 2. Ex posuros 10518-39 F, C were examined after 36 souths1 exposure at Florida, vertical south, end 40 months at Chicago, north raid south. These are cedar bevel siding primed with regular Rex 450 Undercoater, except for r. part of the group in which special undor- coaters are tested. The plan of these tests cannot be presented fully in this limited space but essentially the tests cover: (a) Uhlto load comparisons, in Rex 471 SUP Gloss White, both on a regular co-funed leaded zinc basis using a 25$ and c 50$ zinc oxide level, and .also on a mechanical-nix basis at 4$ zinc oxide. The white leads are: 1. 9 dry basic sulfate 2. 18 dry basic carbonate 5. National Lertdis 45 X basic silicate, 4. E&gle-P ichor'e #202 basic silicate. (b) Rax 450 Undercoater versus MU-401 zincless type primer with the special pigments, using Rex 471 top coat both as regular on<l with the silicate pigaents. Results can be presented here only in general terns: satis factory or "average" performance may be assumed for all tests not speci fically mentioned, although there are minor variations throughout. Easle-Ficher's #202 shows the least failure of the four white leads in most cases. However, this materiel has been found to gel badly on storage in 1/2 pint etna for four years at 85 F. average. The others were not all perfect on the storage test, tut showed no serious gelation. 0007-SWP-044008 0007-SWP-000113378 Print Research March, 1950 -18- #S6 - Coat. Both 18 end 9 dry samples rate as somewhat nan dnraaLo in these exposures then National's 45 X, tut all throe are on the sene general level slightly below #209. Both the silicate leads have a better clean-up record than 9 or 18 dry, but the differences an comparatively minor. In the primer tests, MVM01 types are slightly Inferior, end then is no choice as to the type of white lead, the silicates being fully satisfactory. 0007--SWP-044009 0007-SWP-000113379 I Paint' Research Meyy.1350 -25- Panels 11611-28 F, c were examined after 2 years' exposure vertical south in Florida, end 2-1/2 years in Chicago. The paints were designed to study the use of zinc bxldes and to detemdne whether amount used end particle size or reactive surface area could he balanced to give equivalent performance. SUP doss White was used as the bese formula, increasing lead contents as sine oxide contents were reduced. Zinc oxide was introduced at 52%, Zl% nnd 103 levels using Oslo 35/65 leaded zinc, XX 592 New Jersey sine oxide 198 dty, XX. 50 1707 dry, XX 60S 2059 dry, or Azo 2ZZ-33 2296 dry. St. Joseph Lead Company's zinc oxides #t7 end #46 were used at the 523 level only. Only the Florida panels Show significant film failures, with the co-fused samples showing slightly to definitely less failure than any of the mechanical mixtures. Failure is very slight at the 32$ level, somewhat more advanced at the 213 and 103 level. St. Joo's #17 and #46 oxides at the 523 level show advanced failure, thus the former cannot be considered as an alternate for XX 503, 2059 dry, and the St. Joe oxides should not be used in exterior formulas. Although mildew growth has not progressed mch during the second year of exposure, the eo-fumed leaded zincs continue to show sn advantage over mechanical mixes in mildew control. 0007-SWP-044010 0007-SWP-000113380 Paint Ressarch June, 1950 -19- - leaded Tint- Slramte A eonpla of 1424 12/88 Leaded Zinc waa subnitted to the National Lead Compaq for work vith their Baeic Silicate White Lead. This has been node up In SWP Undercoater and Gloes White replacing the sine oxide on an equal chealcsl basis and the lend on an equal volune beads vith National's 45 X Basic Silicate White Load. The points hod normal characteristics of body and color end will be compared further by exterior exposure. 0007-SWP-044011 0007-SWP-000113381 Faint Research December, 1950 -21- #86 - Leaded Zinc Pigments Exposures 11656-61 F were retired after 36 months at Florida vertical south, cedar bevel aiding panels. The tests involved two samples of 414 dry co-fUmed leaded zinc submitted by Auxiliaries Research in 1946. One purpose was to determine the general suitability of . these materials, AURL-597 "minimum standard" and AURL-398 "average standani," the terms having reference to color of the pigments. Otherwise, fhe^ are essentially alike at approximately 90/lOJt zinc oxide/BSWL. Another purpose was stated at the outset -- "how ouch lead ... is needed to exhibit eo-fumed durability characteristics?" However, this question could be answered only in a very limited way ty this series, as the only comparison was with regular 412 55/65 leaded zinc used in the guide formulas. The special samples vers used in Rex 450 SWP Undarcoater, Rex 471 SVP Gloss White end Rsix 496 SWP Ivory, prims coat and top coat uaing the same sample in each case. There was little failure at Florida on the whites, but the "average" sample showed a little slower flnklng-off of surface dirt. The 412 looked noticeably cleaner and whiter than the other two, and it was possible to distinguish slightly more grayness on the "minimum" than on the "average" sample. The tints showed fairly serious micro scopic checking, with the "average" sample having a greater number of checks but smaller in size. Our general conclusions were: (a) the "minimum" is not satisfactory in color, (b) the "average" is none too good and (c) the durability with 1<# lead is possibly slightly inferior to that at 35/65, but quite satisfactory as far as can be judged from these few tests. It should be remembered that the 414 used is not typical of present dty quality, which is considerably better. . 0007-SWP-044012 0007-SWP-000113382 Paint Research March> 1951 -25- #86 - Leaded Zinc Fiamants Exposures 18510-44 C, F were sxsmlned after two years' expo sure at Florida^ vertical south and at Chicago aouth end north. The panela art primed vith regular Rax 450 Underwater except for a few eases In which one of the test variations is made In the underwater as vail aa la the top coat. The series was put out in oooperation with tits National Lead Company, to the extent that they received samples of our paints and exposed then in their regular manner at Sayville, Long Island. Us havt received no recent information from them except as observed on our last annual inspection trip to their fen. The broad purpose vas to evaluate various replacassets of 418 dry 55/65 loaded sine vith 414 dry 12/66 loaded zinc and National's 45 X basic silicate white lead In Rax 471 SUP Gloss White and In SUP tint base. The substitution, leas extensive in the tints than in the whites, Involved three methods) A. Zinc oxide replacement by equal poundage, lead ty equal volume. a B. Maintain 55/65 lead/sine ratio, replace on total volume. C. Sane, but replace en total weight, adjust volume with extender. (In oextain cases involving only Method A, (1) the zinc oxide level vas lowered from the normal 5g( to 85 and 20*, and (s) sine oxide was introduced as Azo ZZZ-55 Instead of leaded zinc.) A previous report at approximately one year showed no si^iificant differences in performance, at least none which were confined at all loca tions. The presult routine study of Florida and Chicago tests indicates that no new differences of consequence have developed In the second year. The main tendency on dirt collection seems to he that the regular guides are cleaner than the specials, except that those the same as the regular but lower in sine oxide asms cleaner. The SUP tint bass testa, buff and grey, are ell well within a satisfactory range of dirt collection and fading. The special formulas run about the sane as the regulars in both respects, 0ns sample canyiag 414 dry and 45 X at a 25* ZnO level is definitely cleaner than the average, and one similar but at 80^ ZnO is somewhat cleaner and noticeably better in color. This is based on Florida results, which also ehov sons incipient checking. Chicago testa show no noticeable differences. In general, the use of 45 X and 414 dry seems fully satisfactory through two years' expo sure, and essentially the asms can be said of tbs reductions of zinc oxide level, which would have advantages from the standpoint of cost and supply. (Tbs behavior at lower zinc oxide levels is rather unexpected and no ready explanation suggests itself.) O007-SWP-044013 0007-SWP-000113383 Faint Research Ha?, 1952 -20- #86 - Leaded Zinc Pifflants Panalo 15146-9 F, C ware examined after approximately 5 years' expo- oara at Florida vertical south and at Chicago north and south, all cedar beral aiding primed with Bex 460 Ondercoater. (a) Regular SUP Tint Base of early 1948, 400 lbs. of 412 dry co-foted leaded zinc was compared with (b) our batch of Baticnal lead Comparer1 a Dutch Boy Buff, a formula using a mechanical blend of lead and zinc, with all lead as 18 dry basic carbonate white lead and a somewhat lower Inert contmit than our fonwiTw. An added formula (c) was one pigranted the sene as (a) but a mechanical blend using 9 dry basic sulfate white lead end 18 dry to natch the composition of the 412 dry. The results on these teste had varied considerably In the past, hut no serious failure had show up. At present there is serious microscopic checking at Florida on both mechanical-air formulas, none on (a). During most of the first year, Dutch Boy looked good due to superior color-retention; at 2 years it looked poor due to chalk-masking and dirt (as did the (c) formula); and at S years it is back to a better appearance than the othorB dae to more satisfactory al 1mlnation of chalk-mask and dirt. The panels are being con tinued on test because of these past variationa. * 0007-SWP-044014 0007-SWP-000113384 Paint Rsssarch Dsconber, 1962 -15B6 - leaded zinc PU--1 Laboratory produced saaples of /allow laadad zinc plgaants hare ban placed on exposure at the Chicago farm as wall as in Miaai, Florida. For these exposures the pignuts were dispersed in the SHP tint base wehicle substituting the ysllow leaded sine pipsant 8 for the entire pdgiwst t o Iu d s nareally contained In hex 479 Tinting White. In oonparlsoxi with this aerial of leaded sine points too ocutrol paints were need. Control paint A was standard Rex 475. Control paint B was nods using 0 do 412 leaded sine oxide In the sane annsr as used on tho sxperisentel flaunts* Portions of theso control points were ahadod to nstoh the lightest of tho loadad zinc yellows while other portions were ahaded to natch the deepest of the leaded sine 7allows. Carbon arc exposures on this sertas of points haws completed 955 hours. At this stags chalUng is just beginning on the control loaded sine paints. This chilling is only alight hut there Is ewidmee of see# chalk face. The nixed pigMit tint base Is not chalking' hut it has flatted alaost oeopletaly. The oolored leaded -dne paints art quits chalk resistant at this stage of exposure. This nhaVk resistance would be of considerable inportaaos if it carries through on axtsrlor exposure and in note practical fomilating approeahea. Pwaels 18HB-69 C, P were prapared for expoaure in Chicago and Florida south rertical of ths initial experiaaital paints. Work is under soar on the nore oonplsts erslustion of pilot plant batches of similar plants. 0007-SWP-044015 Paint Research January, 1355 -18- #86 - Leaded Zinc Pigmmta Continued carbon arc exposures on this sariss of yallow leaded sine pigaents hare now reaehed 620 hours. At this atage the panala ara showing chalking and ara ratad aa follows! Panel Piauct Uhlta Chalk Mask - A AUBL 2298Light fallow 5 7 B AUBL 228S 7 6 C AUBL 2267 " 7 5 D AUBL 2297 Dark Tallow 7 9 412 Shaded to natch D 4 5 F SUP Tint Base Shaded to match D 8 7 G AUBL 2264 Dark fallow 9 8 E 412 Shaded to match G 6 4 I SVP Tint base shaded to match G 8 7 The abora data Indicate that the daricer yellow leaded zinc pig ments are acre chalk resistant and produce a dbalk that is more nearly self-colored than the other leaded zincs of this series. The poor perfous ance of 412 dry shaded would indicate that there probably is a good possi bility of formulating an emn more peraanoit tint base by using colored leaded zinc plgsonts. Volk is under way on this prohian and will be reported an at a later date. 0007-SWP-044016 0007-SWP-000113386 Paint Research April, 1965 -17- #86 - Leaded Zlno Plgaaxta Series 18580 - 7 F, C vara axpoaad daring the nonth, tasting tintad laadad zinc paints SB 4141 - 4144. Tha special loaded zincs involved are ACJHL 2519 - 2522. SUP Tint Base is shaded to natch tha four special shades, as EE 4256 - 4259. 0007-SWF-044017 0007-SWP-000113387 Paint Research N*r, 1965 -24- #86 - Leaded 2Inc Flaunts Exposures 18625-55 CS, CH, T, K vara prepared during the month, all cedar bevel aiding expo ad vertical aoath at Florida, Cofftyvllle and Chicago and alao north at Chicago. These teats evaluate Other 18 M leaded doc in B78 V 9 Fainter Craft Exterior Seal-Paste Paint #684. The paints may he described as follows: 0J So. Piflilllt Cost Leaded Zinc Zinc Oxide Available Lead 485 R 486 R 487 R 488 R #111.00 112.70 110.44 110.25 1424 Dqr Oslo 18 M 1 * 552 1b. 562 * 565 552 20.8 lb. 51. 23.4 . 24.6 A regular Rex 450 SUP Underwater - Rex 471 SUP Gloss Uhlte is need as control. The points are applied as 5-ooat work -with redactions as per the B78 V 9 label, and alec ae 5-ooat node starting with Rax 450 and following with two coats as per label. 0007--SWP-044018 0007-SWP-000113388 Faint Research January, 1954 -55- #86 - Leaded Zinc Flanats Fainta were prepared to compare regular leaded sines aneh as 412 dry and 1424 dry with high basicity leaded zinc 18 M 68 C 6. Expo sures rare Bade in the Weather-Oaeter and at Chicago Coffqrvllle aid Miani. The paints include SHF Gloss Vhite Cards 71, 76 and spaDials, One Coat Vhite and tints. Panel numbers are 20404-25 CS, OB, K and F. Pwels 13148-59 F, C were examined during the month. The purpoisa of this aeries is to make an exploratory evaluation of special yellow leaded xincsrprepared by the Auxiliaries Research Department. These pigments are used alone and are compared with (a) 412 dry regular oo-fUaed leaded zinc shaded to match the deepest of the yallow pigments and (b) regular SVP tint base shaded likewise, the special material a are identified briefly by Auxiliaries as: ADHL 2297 - I allow basic sulfate white lead. Light; slightly basic. ADHD 2298 - Same, but no basicity. ADSL 2265 - Co-fumed, with basicity; 1# leaded. ADRL 2267 - Same, slightly hitter basicity. ADHL 2265 - 55/65 lead-zinc as 412 dry; the treatount was carried through to a considerably deeper color than the preceding four. The panels are cedar bevel siding, primed with Rax 460 Dndercoater. Florida panels have been exposed 12 months, vertical south, and Chicago panels the some, north and south. On the Florida panels, the contrasts are very striking. The two special pigments containing no zinc, ADKL 2297 and 2298 show extreme mildew; 2297 looks somewhat bettar than 2296 becaiae the latter shows m extraze odor change ae well aa the mildew. By contrast, the AURL 2263 and 2267, contain ing zinc, show practically no mildew. The panels look very clean and bright, although the actual fading, partly chemical end partly chalk-masking, is quits advanced. AURL 2284 is quite good in color-retention, but looks bad because of mildew. The straight 412 leaded zinc is cleas but seriously faded; the tint base (gride) shows both dirt and fading. 0007-SWP-044019 0007-SWP-000113389 Falat Research January, 1954 -54#86 - Cent. The Chicago panels show about tha Ban* general trands, with lass extreee mildew and fading* Thera is no film failure and tha chalking is no heavier on any of the specials than on tha tint base. The Florida panels are being retired. Obviously, the leaded zincs have possibilities In certain shades, bat it is doubtjfel whether versatility can be developed. 0007-SWP-044020 0007-SWP-000113390 Paint Research Mqr, 1954 -5- #86 - Leaded 7inc PiBUntS Vork has bean continued on the reformulation of SWP to replace the regular oembUatlen. of 412 dry ml 1424 dry leaded zincs with 68 C 6 18 M leaded zinc la the easier brushing vehicle. The hiding of the Rex 471 baaed on 18 H leaded zinc vu also Increased to 19,820 Hollsy units In opacity In line with the hiding of Rex 471 Card 75, itich was 19,800 units. Formula 471 S aade with 68 C 6 dry and the new vehicle is approxi mately 10/ lower in raw material ooet than the formula being made at Chicago with 412 dry and 1424 dry in the easier brushing vehicle. The Chicago plat has bem requested to amofacture sufUdmt SUP on the proposed formula 471 S using the present stock of 20,000 pounds of 68 C 6 dry on hand at the Zmslngton plant. Experimental results were as follows Characteristics 465 S Bex 471 Card 78 466 S Easy Brushing Potsnla 412-1424 467 S Easy Brushing formula 68 C 6 468 S As 467 S Vith Increased Hiding Theoretical Weight 14.62 14.24 15.90 Actual Weight 14.70 14.38 15.96 13.97 Viscosity - #5 Trash 5 dsye 22* 27.2 29* 42.6 29.4* 44.4 24.2* 48.8 Brushing 78 8 9 How 9 Riding put (a) Normal brush-out (b) Draw-down (.005 film) Fair Good a Good Good - 8 Good flood - 8 Good Good Leaded Zinc 68 C 6 dxy 545# 545# * * 412 dry 300# SOQ# - - * * 1424 dry 1403 dry 2030 dry aS2 dry 100# 50# 50# 175# 100# 50# 50# 15C# - 50# 50# 150# - 50# 50# 175# Hollqy Hiding Units 19,575 18,450 18,895 19,820 0007-SWP-044021 0007-SWP-000113391 Paint Research February, 1956 -12- #B6 - Leaded Zinc Pigments Exposures 18625-55 C, F, X were studied recently. These were prepared to check the perfotaance of Oslo 18 H, with certain variations In basicity, in Paintereraft #684 Exterior Vhite B78 V 9. The data regarding the paints and active pigments are as follows: Pjaint Leaded Zinc Zinc Oxide Available Lead OJ 485 ft*- 1424 dry 352 lb. 20.8 lb. OJ 486 R Oslo 18 M 552 lb. 51.0 lb. OJ 487 R Oslo 18 M 555 lb. 25.4 lb. OJ 488 R Oslo 18 M 552 lb. 24.6 lb. Basic formula - B78 V 9, Card 1. Date of formulation of tests - Feb., 1953. The guide on all panels is regular Rx 450 - Rx 471 SVP 2-coat system. The teetB are all 5-eoat work: (o) as per label, reductions with linseed oil and turpentine, and (b) primer test starting with Rx 450 Undercoater and following with B78 V 9, second and third coats* as per label. Florida tests have been retired at 24 months, vertical, south. For the Chicago tests, north and south, we have very recant readings at 50 months. Latest ratings from Coffeyville cover only 17 months' exposure. Mildew growth baa not bean heavy at Florida, but thBre has been consistently a little more mildew on the tests than on the guides. Considering also dirt collection, which followed a similar pattern, the Florida tests have shown somewhat poorer general appearance than the SWP guides. However, there has been no film failure, and no choice is possible among the test variations cited. At Chicago, the picture is a little different, but only because gray Rx 450 was used, and the guides, having only one top coat, look poor due to show-through. Otherwise, thero is no choice whatever at Chicago through 2-1/2 years. Coffeyville reports the entire series as clean and good, no differences. 0007-SWP-044022 #86 - Coot. Paint Research February, 1956 -15- Exposures 18580-5 F, C were studied during the nonth. The: purpose of thiB series was to evaluate four colored leaded zinc oxides node as pilot plant batches at Coffeyville by the antimony process. These are varying shades of yellow and are tested as single--pigment paints, compared directly with SUP Tint Base shaded to match. The samples are: AgBL&>` 2519 2520 2521 2522 Based on Ozlo 12 Oslo 12 Ozlo 55 Ozlo 55 plus litharge m 72.5* 72.2 51.2 42.7 PbO 2.2* 5.5 5.4 17.4 Em 6.15* 5.5 25.0 21.1 Sb 17.5* 17.5 17.5 17.5 Antimony as lead antlmonate. Notes An earlier series, 18148-59 F, C (report of January 15, 1954) showed some very desirable characteristics in this type of material, but also demonstrated the danger of susceptibility to mildew growth when the zinc content is low. All panels are cedar bevel siding primed with Rx 450 Dndercoater, one top coat only. Florida exposures, south vertical, have been held for exhibit jwrposes for some time but are now examined as of 24 months and back on test. Recent Chicago readings cover 52 months. This series shows most of the advantages and few of the dis advantages of the earlier aeries. At both locations, all tests are far ahead of the controls in color retention. Slight differences among the four tests in this respect are not parallel at the two locations, so we must consider all as equally good in color retention. If the Florida results on mildew (at 12 months as well as at 24) are taken as valid, which the clear cut distinctions seem to Justify, all tests are far better in mildew control than SUP Tint Base. These formulations chalk quite freely, with a highly self-colored chalk. There is no film failure of consequence on any of these panels, guide or test. These materials, if practical from other standpoints, certainly deserve further study. 0007-SVIP-044023 0007-SWP-000113393 Paint Research March, 1956 -15- 186 - Leaded Zinc PlmaB-ta Exposures 16886 - 18912 C were examined after 50 months at Chicago, vertical south; Florida regdings at 24 months were also studied. Throughout the series, self-priming is compared with Rx 450 priming on the same panel. The major comparisons arei 1. Now Jersey Zinc Company's XX-601 zinc oxide {the series being done in cooperation with New Jersey Zinc) versus their XX-505 and American Zinc's Azo ZZZ-55. This was done in mechanical-nit versions of Rx 471 SUP Gloss White and Rx 456 Fume Resisting White end in paints submitted by New Jersey Zinc, the latter being lead-free formulas. The only difference at Chicago seems to be slightly greater chalking with ZZZ-55 than the others, but not to the point of appreciably greater erosion. With a considerable amount of checking and some cracking as a basis for judgment, the Florida tests show SC-505 consistently best, tiie other two nearly equal, with a slight edge for ZZZ-55. This, however, is not a recognized type of cheeking, but a "furrowing" or surface flaking. 2. The two S-V special formulas mentioned above show more failure than Rx 471 with co-fumed leaded zinc (guide). New Jersey's paints seem a little better than the two S-W specials, hut not approaching the regular. In general, the series does not show serious failure for 2 to 2-1/2 years, and the above indications are not final. In com parison with other series over the past several years, XX-601, though not best of these three zinc oxides, does give a more favorable impression. Exposures 18959-54 F, C were studied after 24 months at Florida, also an the basis of very recent Chicago readings, north and south, at 30 months. The series covers several comparisons: 1. 7% water-ground mica versus dry-ground mica in Rx 471 SUP Gloss White, Card 70 hut using tbs Rx 476 One Coat House Paint vehicle and the pigmentation of Card 70. No film failure, both look good. 2. Rx 471, Card 60 made with 412-6840 dry and 1424-6828 dry leaded zincs, as against the use of 68 C 6 leaded zinc of the 18 M type. No choice, both satisfactory. 0007-SWP-044024 0007-SWP-000113394 Paint Research March, 1956 -16- #86 - Cont. 3. Due to the use of Rx 471, Card 70, regular vehicle, as guide, we have the regular and Rx 476 type vehicles com pared. Both are generally good, hut there is a tendency toward slower chalking and less erosion with the latter. The difference in clean-up seems slight. 4. Rx 476 One Coat White, Card 5, versus same using 18 M leaded sine, as one coat repaint work. These tend to look a little better than the Rx 471 testa because of less ero sion, and there is no difference due to the use of 18 M. 0007-SWP--044025 0007-SWP-000113395 Pilot Research April, 1957 -7- Proj^etJjg6>Sija4a4_JJnc>Plgjinti_ Exposures 26043-80 C8, CM, P, K, consisting of 144 cedar bevel aiding panala, vara praparid for Chicago north and aouth, Florida and Coffeyvllle. Thia la a tint baaa study in SUP Colonial Yellov and Waatcbaatar Cray. The ganaral aat-up la aa follova: A. Tl-Pura R-610 aa titanlun CaC03 aa extender - tine aa Oalo 16 M. Mg allleata aa axtandar - aana. Mg allicata-CaCOa bland - aana. Repeat axtandara - uaing line aa Oslda. Repeat axtandara - uaing line aa Aao ZZZ-33* B. Titanax BC aa titanlun CaC03 - Oslo 18 M, aa above. Mg allleata - Oslo 18 M, as above. Mg allleata - CaC03 . Oslo 18 M, aa above. Repeat vith Osida, aa above. Rapaat vith Aao ZZZ-33, aa above. 0007-SWP--04402 6 0007-SWP-000113396 Paint Reaaarch July, 1966 -8- Prolaet 466 - Leaded Zinc Flwnti Ixpoaure tar la 4bl8h-Mt-192 * prepared to atudy tha affect of laadad sine axlda 68 22 00 on tha exterior durability of A2 V 0 SVF Trla and Tinting Vhlta. Past aarlaa of thla type hava placad tha Mat eaphaala on tha affact on Mid raalatanea. Tha apaciflc purpoaa of thla aarlaa la to atudy tha affact of laadad zinc oxlda on fil* oroalon and bulk film propertiaa. Aa tha zinc oxIda concentration goaa down flla failure la expected to Incraaaa. In order that tha raaulta are not affected by Mid growth wa hava Included JO pounda of Vanclda PA par 100 galIona fornulatlon In all taat palnta. PllM will alao be prepared on tinfoil for Xnatron atudlea. Tha aarlaa lncludea a 68 22 00 ladder in JO pound lncrenanti fron 0 pounda to 3J0 pounda par 100 galIona, The axpoaura location* for thla aarlaa are Chicago aauth and Florida eouth. 0007-SWP-044027 0007-SWP-000113397 Paint Research Septeaber, 1966 -5- Projact 466 - L--dad Zinc Pixnsnts Exposure series 44610-44618 Mi designed to supplement series 44184-44190. Than arias ara identical, axeept that tba paints in aslas 44610 have been tintad blue, whila chosa in tha second sax las vara axposad as vhites. Both sarias vara construetad to study tha affact of 68 22 00 laadad sine ootids on cracking and film aroaion of 92? Iris and Tinting Whita A2 V 8. Tha 68 22 00 was addad in 50 pound incranants ranging from a total of zero to 55O pounds par 100 gallons. JO pounds of Vaneida PA were addad to inhibit nold growth, finals wars praparad as two coat work. Tha first coat was S2P Ondercoater A2 2 2; tha second was tha test sample, Tha cadar test panels wars axposad at Florida south and Chicago south. In addition to tha above, wa ara planning other work to aid in tha flln erosion study In which tha aaount of erosion will be determined graviaatrically by measuring weight loas as exposure tine increases. Exposure sarias 44690-44697 ms praparad to stud? the affect of 68 22 00 laadad sine oxide on tha durability of S2P Trie and Tinting White A2 V 8. To exclude tha offset of sold growth, 50 pounds of Vanelds PA par 100 gallons has baan included in all teat saaplas. Tha foraulatlon variable ia a 68 22 00 laddar that goaa froa 0 to 350 pounds par 100 gal lotia In 50 pound stape. Drawdowns wara aada over tinfoil covarad aluninun panels for axpoaura at Chicago south. Instron data wara obtained initially and will be obtained at aix month intervale to determine tha changa la bulk flla properties. Exposure procedure for Chase panels is described in tha July Monthly Report. 0007-SWP-044028 0007-SWP-000113398