Document RpJgGOOo4eK4w4OaXaGEdy9yE

FOUNDATION FACTS PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT 0) / 1T3il?*M**W?*Ia*r Is issuosdcamuootButijjr u aumwMitar Air HnMai Vdgod*tl*o. la purpow is eo rport wucsuoo b*i usd setmtiM. ait Hrcwot rewdsaett is s ptrtiwnBlp of imusut usd ease* stnauM to prowet th* &utB of c&* IS wtulott wocicm.a la BtAry i&dusu?. :0i. 3. BTrtLBTIJR July, 1941 Wo. ?, Chanced to "Industrie fr^eas youndatioa* Board the chan$tf^6uthe lac. At reiaoorporal 1 la favor pression, lcgal^ burgh. Reason fc expanding acti} Trustees of foundation of America, lac. mv% Lifftioa* a ndustrial grajen* foundation of Jomdi t$af ortgiwrily incorporated la Ohio la Braasylvanie. foundation sabers Tote a poll conducted ns south* ad and the charter uas granted is to sore dearly describe :d*tionfs ip services for the proteiicn\ feployue health* fc l&djstjAi^i&th probli _ problm^s credited eith'Sfffiig hoi rapid aureaces of industris- ~ ' health prohlMs, the Sbuodatthh^eo] .zed sphasls os sUicocU* Wo* 1 The fouagsgctejy scientific approach to that %mk& then renpant. fith the 'splication of new occupational t ' u&ttfiy broadened. . A study is now Hahoratloa of the 7.3. Public Hsalth Services to help seduce__ costing the- heavy industries alone about one bill? aleant* include, continuing stadias of X-ray techniques for lose la industry; studies of the control of toxic ftacyfcidjjhaaa. including.pro .tloae la welding; a research, r.c~ ia progress, to<Q^ffurther practical d urt ventilation for waployee health protectj^ffigfrqaCtigation* in *pxot wH tidtwg aluminum, to combat dust diseas ' "WX >rehouse* at industrial health Ute^ built up at the s headquarters Is Institute* " * " is digssted each >r the information of the seabars end to _ on progress* Ibis covers about 300 joiiuial* in a dozen language* hygiene laboratory fcilitiea are also maintained at Mellon Institute* usdatfon ho# has indus- trial hygienists spending most of their tine in the tl furveys for nesber companies* These surveys shew the presence or absence o Where hazards ere fMsd^ resedies are reoomanded* .tisl health hazards. r\-J) %>% ' ' - AdveaoeeB tNnblagy plus defense-spurred increasing old health hazard* sal erHctUghae asms* Attfetda. m** t help keep prw* cautions epees idthggmdaottpi f&y Its co^nies and ttel^illioa eorknea. . . ' . ' ; ' >-T;'SSs tml Ifeetla^ ~ Bbr* i3`Pd 13 ' -v ' ' ' ' ?*. .."tjfri'f* **' Aa foundation*'Aath annual meeting eill bm held at Mellon Institute* Pittsburgh* os Jfer* 13 andIS* ' As prognm geared to psodase practical date for today9# needs* sill revolt# aaoiaig the. tamer Defend the Qsfense Vorksst Progsa* suggestions are aoe being received fro# M#b of the Board ef Trustees and the *e<L- ical* Aglnearing* Legal cadMpbership Cossfttses* Mitiirs are sordidly lavltsd to suhdt sutfostions* veirrs TSdneedsy sad Thuredy At* 13 and 13* . Tnornsad pvoduetlog Inomses health hazards* - fWMAwei* foundation facta 2. Half A Million Workers "ABCI* Business and goreraoent report ''Labor requirements ara constantly climb* ing" -- dafanaa production requirent had mountad last month (Juno) to 44 billion manhours, a jump of 16 billion slnca Jan^aw -- a recent survey showed "Serious shortages of qualified workers in lmrazpeS^hlpbulldlng, aircraft and machinestop oparatiQh^V* <V) ` tries alona in tha ind praparadnaaa secured or prod necessary wo urs Till bo lot this year in ths an! That la equivalent to half a aikfcioa^bfkers linaa being "MOL* frca tha all lmeraot task of panaata for sick absences additianaEMsJow'er mast be auch addltlona would not ba pneucf, even if tha alaca abaanoaa can't bsjfbretwn. Therefore--- teolttfMfatfds that about 8lfcy* a year there will ba a gain of workers full time* to taka araryndjnbSarpracaution to combat tha ad produrama^Tbe average workar la losing S^pij that figure eaa ba raduead. slant to tha aamcaa of 60,00d ita unbars Defend tha Dafanaa chad ao to mubers. action is not a finishfoundation can help eaa is, in ay all tlaee. Increased Production Means Increased Health Hazards. So This amnorandum is to advise you of the services for protecting employee health which are available through Air Hygiene Foundation, a strictly non-profit association of industrial concerns with headquarters at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, iiost important of those services now aro tha^tndustrial Hygiene Surveys. The surveys, conducted for member companies at cost, dfeSlaso tho presence or absence of occupa tional health hazards, such as, excossMiica dust, lead, chemical fumes, gases, skin irri^a^M, etc. If hazards fo^pc'rcmodios aro recoomendod. Surveys holj protect comp&eiba against unju^^lujas which flourish in depressions. 0thqnjs5r s include: 'V/A at the Saranac share in the eco Research on industrial health probtmd^JfS' conducted Harvard, Pennsylvania and MoilediBpttute. Members of mutually-supported investi^e.oaj. monufa r r ncwipiants, etc., are ^^jeed for exhaust v alth slgnl , materials used in a double safeguard. Sick Absentee! labor through illness. This why they occur. Siciaess caus sees suffered by management and absences and shows when-where-and absences than acclde&ta. \ A Digest of Induatrl month. This "news service* duces hours of reading e Is prepared for members each s in a dozen languages. It re posted on progress. ins are issued/pa^io for conserving . Uso and Care ofdieejd Detezminatio _ . Benzol, Industrial D tions, ^^jf^ulletias on occupational practical plant data of Exhaust Systems, Methods for X-ray lamina- compensation. unsel on medical, engineering and le a limits from specialists comprising tho available within rofeasional committees. Pucilitiea include an industrial byglono laboswjory^astfi hygienists at Mellon Institute plus an exhaustive library. Tho Fouad^$l$h also sorbs in close cooperation with the Department of Industrial Hygiene at HnJVorsity of Pittsburgh' s School of Medicine, the U. 3. Bureau of Minos, tho U. S. Puhl^ Health Sorvice and tho research institutions listed above. Tangible and Intangible assets include, lower cospentt|x5n costs, less litigation, improved working conditions, improved employer-employee relations, public goodwill and even leas spoilage and incroosed production* Increased production demands increased precautions. Tho Foundation helps provide the precautions. July, 1941. Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, ?& 534 Preye Att Salt lost pl^od by adding sal 10 quarts) or by suppl; of reports stats that t cramps and boat aidmoas. of salt are in eases of he tlnal disturbances aay sedentary workers. or heat cramp# is sow Xt&x aay be conveniently re* or two heaping teaspoons per drinking fountain. A vabe* .t has praetieolly alisinated heat Jible hazsful effects from aodsrate usq .sease, but distress and gastro*intes~ r# and erratie use of salt tablets by lalthJdgl., 55, 173, (June, 1941). Office of Scien earch and PerelociceQt^Zatebliahsd. fie Research and DtfyelojTO^ has been created by President TtlTe Order dated Ju3*<^$, asvi^toranch of the Office for Saer- The functions of thfg/pffice (a) to advise the Presi* the status of scientific><^^edi*dJr'2soarch relating to defense and the measures necessa^y<&^ssu^&ntlnulng progress in ; (b) to serve as the center for ttife^bllinraRn of the scientific rsonnel; (c) to coordinate, aid, end suppldwt^the s^ijntific end medical research activities of the Navy, War and other depgrtaen^i^ (d) to develop broad and coordinated research plans, in collaboration etft^rtpresontatlves of those departtenta. The fields of research include aechtugr&fe and devices of warfare and medical problems affecting national dofense. Anl t branch of the Office is a CeMlttee on Medical Research, whose speei^j concerning the need for and character of contracts to b< universities, hospitals, and other agendas conducting itlss; also to asks findings and submit recomaadatione wii tion is to advise into with rosearch activ- spect to the adequacy, progress sad results of research on nodical probltfd related to nation- ol defense. Defease, p. 8 (July 9, 1941). 536 Safety Training Supervisor Appointed. Laurence B. Tipton of Rutgers University was nsed by Secretary of Labor Perkins as Safety Training and Field Service Supervisor for th# National Ceamlttee for the Conservation of Manpower in Defense Industries. This Comttse was set up lost June by Mlsa Forking to provide safety advisory service to Government con tract plants, and to aid in the speeding up of the National Defenea program by kaeplsg skilled and trained workers off the casualty list. Mr. Tipton will with defense agency officials on safety training programs for workers and super visors and will hart the responsibility for th# organization and dsvelopment of Digest of Industrial Hygiena - 2. programs for Defense Safety Engineering training at college level in principal industrial centers. Intensive courses in safety engineering, industrial hygiene, occupational disease and industrial accident prevention will he offered. C.S. Department of Labor release. Legal Devreeljo^ppmients 537 Occ onal Disease Statute Held `Apply to Disease Contracted Prior to Sf&c tlve Tb# mplqyae in SFaffected with a disease of the broncmiai arches known ai^b^jhchi to fiaes and dust Inhaled in the coqtfjS^M&ia ao- ploymeat. - ^ - ccupational Dlseese Act of Indiana rntpraSd in 1937. The employ the employment in which he iacudbeigiFs disease prior to the tontion was made that no anr^^nld be granted because cted before the Act effective. The CourV# It stated that hJsC&tO&^grovides for coapensa- tiaffsfo^lisabUit occupatiMn^n^eases, and act for contract- inrouen diseases. ployee aa^SContracted the disease before th*<&ct was passed, not'^idtee <UsMlmi*roa the disease until a year f aftor the effective the Adgi^&^eequently be came within its pro-* visions. Hirst vt. MunSrsffiwCn of Pen. Motors Corporation (Indiana) 33 N.B. 2nd 773 (May^ ardsT 3, 2t(July, 194l). J 536 Compensation Granted for. The claimant was sags time prior to October, 1931. His rork required hiaj with furs. These furs were treated with aerMV.'^The claimant exhibit toms which Included a toxic mercurial deakst^S5, nervous manifestations recurrently flared up acute- ly; markj^m^vrs and general nervous^ ^ meataKAssptom*. The Court found that jhg^Mgiaaat was suffering from, bled by mercurial poison- iams^axhoitoenaabie occupational disease jr^rsey Compensation Act. , ase was found to have been contraoi , ,, course, and by reason o claimant* a employment, and an award f3^ was allowed, rowitz vs. Rothenbers Hat Co. (N.J.) 18 att; h, 1941). 0ccu?r Hazards,"3, 24 (July, 1941). 539 - Bursitis Compensable as Occupational Diaeass. The claimant1 work consisted in pouring medicine into ^ojftles and pasting labols on the bottles. She was employed for nine years^^sr to Tune, 1939. Previous to 1936 she did. her work by pouring the aediciae^^^m a graduate which she held in hsr right hand. In 1936 a machine for filling^n^-labsling the bottles was installed* The claimant placed the bottle in thfenachias with her right hand and took them off with her left. In 1935 her right shoulder began to hurt. In 1937 It grew worse, and in June 1939 she was found to be suffering from bursitis. Bursitis is a specified occupational disease under the Michi gan Compensation Act when it is caused by a process involving continuous nibbing, pressure or vibration of tho parts affected. The Court held that the facts in this case justified an sward. Three judges dissented on the ground that bursitis is sot an occupational disease In the occupation of filling and labeling bottles; that the process required under the act did not include the process used by the claimant in this case, galea vs. Dewov Products Co. fltich.) 206 5.1. 826 (March, 1941). Occup. Hazards, 3, 24, (July, 1941). Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 540 Complete Recovery fr^ Occupational Disease* Inability to Return t* Sm /wn- cation. Right tc Companaation. The question is whether the minimus compensation rate of $8.CO per week contain* ed in '.Voriflaen's Compensation Law, Sec. 15 subd. 5 applies to an employee vrte had fully recovered from on occupational disease but who to avoid recurrence is un- ablo to return to her for?:. occupation and whose wage earning capacity in her new occupation is less tha... it was in bar former occupation. The portion of tha Workmen's Compensation Law deali^fjwith occupational diseases is found in Art. 3. Sec. 39 of such article disability or death cs ?ed by occup^^ tlo^^&seeses. The method provtoajjr^n Sec. 39 would give her compensation tha 4a$k of |7. er week.x^3bmse<iljently the board erred in applying thrfeinr^ oin ratl^f $8 clangs do not show the amount of reductimSXn^drn- ing ca; eaming capacity of the claimant aftK\pqc^yecovery, Such f reverse this award and remit the aat&r& the pre- partition The award is reversed end ipiimen Matter of Spang. Div., 3rd Dept. Decided JtWfCj5i941* (CCH). 541 Fna conlosls, and in addition thanto that by re bis respiratory tract he also contracted tub _ ted a verdict for the defendant, Any occupational disease te result of the negligence ef the employer is actionable disease which is not the proaimate result of the negligence is not actionable. Appellee con* tends that appellant foi ee guilty of negligence proxlmately causing the disease offering. The evidence shows that appellant worked conditions for seven years, at an emery grindlBg^mnajtttie was equipped with any kind of ust fans to carry ^pff t. The dust was thick. No fction of any kind e; cal testimony was that IT' is a lung disease caus form of which is silicosis s from breaching dust cont d that appellant is per* and totally disabled by reason o Judgment reversed instructions to sustain appellant's mo' trial. Dean v. The ton foundries. Inc, et el. Ind. *& 1941. ' I CCH). " Papers on Dust, Pesos and General Industrial 542 Pneuaoconiosij in Coal Tr<TM^- J. Gough* J.Path* 5^ 277-85 (1940). The autopsy findings in 12 Cardiff sten coal trimmers rted together with their clinical histories. All showed evidence of pnet nlosis and 5 had died of this disease. The pulmonary fibrosis was of two types, massive and nodular. The nodules differed from those of classical silicosis in being less densely fibrous and in showing radiating rather than concentric fibrosis. The lesions were similar to those found in miners working at the coal face in the minee from which the coal was obtained. While the residual silica was not high, the author feels that it played a part in the lesion* Zn his opinion Cardiff coal trimmers with prolonged exposure to sufficiently high concentretlons show a pneumoconiosis similar to that recognized as anthracoeiliccsis in coal miners. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 543 Artificial Respiration and Inhalation* T. Sanderson and J.H. burner. J.Aa. Mad. Assoc* 116. 1508-14 (April S. 1941). All the manual nethods of artificial respiration, as tested on conscious per sons, induce the sane tolime of pulmonary ventilation. The principles control ling the Toluae are essentially the same as in ordinary breathing, namely the amount of carbon diotide and oxygen in the blood acting on the respiratory cen ters which in turn influence the tonus, the diapbra^s and tlwracic muscles* The inhalation of carbon dioxide increases^the volume of pulmonary ventilation with manual artificial respiration* It hgSbeen shown that the efficiency of l artificial respiration is greatl^^cr^fted and the patient is more rapidly psruencif^ted when q- arb- on- dioxid--e^^ aa&^ygen are added to the air supply. The3 try''in treatment of carbon monoti.de poisoi addit mt respiration, so that sufficient oxari suppll carbon monotide fixed to the hnomgbl^2s accelerate^ reathing machines not using positiva^r5e$e, such as the Drinks:* so depend upon control of pulmozuflg TcnrXetlon by the carbon dioxf ontents of the blood, and do nom^kwee over or under- ventilat agative pressure nachlnett^n the other hand, are no betti _ and as sugBTOW&of fact, are very fre qtMQ&&stlnct se harmful t from: (1) loss of tanriyeppiying t differs minute being important; (2)*aack of synchro thing and mechanical rhytla, thus actually imped! ssibility of oTerrentilation, 4lth a train of deranged phy often leading to death* The pul- motor is severely cond 544 Industrial Health Practi Surrey of 2*064 Industrial Establish- ments. Conducted byJie soe^ of Atciisifacturers, Coa&ittee on Healthful Working Conditio r~airec^^en^of vV_-jl^r^eiser. 76 pp. (Kay, 1941). A questionnaire^ to each of 4^500 Ith&ddjjtAtrial companies, in order to cb- tain previo ailable tnfcrnat^JPabodJ&$fch value of maintaining health atigate prevailing poi^rtes ^rtfdustry regarding physical ex- determine the frequency^(3prcif^ervicee in industrial and to ascertain the ageoOxrfacto^^health programs and the ln- of size and type of industry on thn^fe&ual apita costs of such sor- tea* There were 1,500 replies rocelred, plants employing f7945,551 workers* The svanary reveals that ~gj#ialtfe saves the average 500-ployee plant |5,6U per year. AH but 5 of ^ tot <f 1,625 respondents considered their programs paying propositions* $es^0$ of those replying in- dicated reductions in accident frequency (44*9$), 'tic^pational disease (62.8$), absentee!a and compensation insurance prsmiums (a each). A slightly nailer percentage indicated reductions in labor t amounting to 27,3$. Most concerns use physical examinations as a naans of niBg proper place- sent of employees but do sot unwarrantedly discriminate applicants on the basis of the results of these examinations* Only 4Uflt ^applicants in 1,154 plants were rejected os account of stortcoaiags disclosed by the examinations. Eighty percent cf 1,366 plants reporting their policy bare a system of rating examinees for jobs* In 41$ of 1,455 plants, Including all organizations employ ing 20,000 or more, physical examination records are kept confidential. Among 23 specified items listed os Important components of a factory health program, over 80$ of the 2,064 plants in the survey provide an accident prevention pro gram, exhaust ventilation, and a plant housakaaping end sanitation program; 70-80$ pre-employment examinations of factory ployoea, 60-70$ full illness und absence records, 40-50$ periodic chocks of examinations of factory oployees and, 30-40$ health education and presence of a doctor at scheduled hours* Forty- three per cent of the plants roportlng had established their health services Digest of Industrial Hygieas - 3. during tbs past depression decade and ,Kfi of those established during the peat 3 rears were 1a plants haring less than 500 smployees. An average per capita cost of $517 was reported for plant nodical programs, $3,34 for safety programs, and $3.41 for industrial fcygieno programs. The per capita cost of aedical pro grama decreases as the number of aployees Increases. In addition to wore de tailed presentation of thla material, several appendices contain a copy of the questionnaire and dotalled tables of data from the replies. 546 Physical Fitness* Z* Jokl and 2*8* J.Am.Med.Aasoc., U6, 2383-9 24, XM1) TheNWUts of the investlgatlonsN^the authors are a challenge to the tlonaagnpthods .q^datermltnwa and employability* A sample groi young a-e-**htan Sotftbv]ifri< to obtain or retain ployment,( they had^4^ii recel*^ education and were free from all d^jAee^Athlch would bTvafry*-- " according to all standards eatablishrt^fp&bor and recruiting ' medical corps* Tha reaeons fo^htfgfewndition were dmwnatrat ozmance tests to be low strenK5)ead skill, due to poverty ah sfactory diet, bad housjj^and/or general standard lici ` ition and failure JArarc>resulted in dullness, bitf^^MLtal att f iAitiativej^Nvuprfal camp was established uaSr t8 direction can DjWfflf^erce for tha purpoae of train- ia^Joung man suffe th^/hdsdicasm^wenbed. Tha man underwent a *1^ months course of wipline, with stress on physical training and drill* P .o,3S6j$$$fetl, anthropometric and physical perfora- ance teats, made frequeatl Ipid rise toward noaul levels, and the man's mental attiti^e lapro Tii'e^Sultable ployment at noxmal wages was provided for 90 par meS^Hus trained, and an analysis of pay shaets for a sample se/imrkeyxjgr four years showed that they had achieved full econa e llltatloS. TlU^eixtlrs also conducted an extensivo study of tha hysical efficiency ofx group of children between 5 and 20 years of udlng English, A^jikande'S^iwieb, Bantu, Cape Colored, Indian Tha similarity betroth sttadki^ of physiologic perfomance of tb t racial groups was stri^i^v ct of puberty on tha ._ . leal efficiency is notoworth^y^t 1 , hie to collect more on tha relationship between subcllnip^ nutal deficiencies and cal efficiency* The tons "fitness* and?*mtftici` ...generall.y vary_ Iccse- applied, should be considered with tha question "fitfijidXad efficiency for what?* To Illustrate this point, the authors cltn&stahm of remarkable athletic ability la specialized fields, in persons^** sever* physical defects, soma evident at once and others discovered only after ^aath. Tha authors believe that tha only satisfactory measure of fitness for mrplogtot is physical per formance, sad predict that theories and concepts of physiol fitness will chcngo whan more physiologic sad clinical experiences in this ffe^R-are presented in tha medical literature. ' 546 Briggs Never Stone Fighting Occupation*! th R.G* French* Amer* Busineea, U, 18-9, 48-9 Upril7 1941). This is an account of the experience of the Briggs Manufacturing Company in :cm> bating occupational disease* In the plant with 80,000 Mployeas, two physicians, tm technicians and one chalst devote their full time to hygiene* All new materials are examined for toxic constituents* Lead dust, mostly from grinding operations, is removed by a push-pull ventilating syrt, and all the usual pre cautions against lead poisoning are observed, an aid to which is a printed em ployee's handbook containing all rules* Air simples are taken frequently* Spe cial allergies are noted, aad analysis for possible sources of dezmatltls and change of occupation for sensitive persons has reduced such trouble to a minimum* Digest of Industrial Sygiene - 6. The physical examination program includes watching for communicable diseases and preventing contagion. The program has repaid the company in maintaining health in the city, in promoting steady employment, in contributing to a better product and in providing insurance against the possibility of occupational diseases. 547 Absenteeism in Industry. R.D. Mudd. Trained Nurse & Stosp. Rev,, 106. 344-50 (May, 1941). The problem of absenteeism is fully discussed with reference to (1) general importance, (2) records, (3) distribugjfon and (4) control. The gravity of the problem is now increasing on accoutffo^natlonal defense. The author feels t it ^^nportant to record every w^j^ceregardless of its length. Every ab emplo^ie should by nurse or doctor prior to his return The recede s. and should bo recorded on a master sheen tion t({inivid' that they can be studied Ninthly or>xees4z} ^Dis- tributiojKQf^ebse: ng to a aiabar of factors is dis^$K\fuEy with the aid ornate s compiled by W.3. Hazard of 0wezuul&rak2 Glass Co. The records t of all absences are of les3 tMujS^rfkys duration, and 71.1 Although the short ebsnU comprise a small per- cent should receive fjgf^attpideratioa, on account ofma \ \ .v the mj>X ' in reapiratM^fiTspVioaa, turnover and exof are due to diseases legally slfled aa occ dRacgtfSat of noa-industrial accidents are 6 to 10 times ^^iused by industrial accidents* 4b- sences increase slightly/ age, but the length of disability in- creases in a greater ng factors in control of absenteeism>are discussed: (1) sou: absences; (2) occupational exposures; (3) physical exaainatio ical-';aa4^ surgical first aid; (3) control by private physician*; ( 6K*c--TM ,aall^,industries; and (7) reporting to estab- llshed agencies. TtfTtiuivFe and^pjg&iciea ' and should exert an Influence on lowering absence^^jeai' The more absence checked, the fewer there will be. Proper super*uftq$*T safety and of hegith " lead to greater core at borne and elseiAen^p ^11 as at work, .tion and records associated with fiflK^altrtreatmeat disclose conditiohf Sat-'iflJJ. guide the private physi- ie*akw?recting them. The private p$rs an should return the patient to am day he is well* and in the authh ,ce for Sunday dis- les should be discontinued, decrees! absences between fursday and Saturday. Visiting Nurse Assoc plants, and cooper' atlon with State and National agencies In a, are recomended. 548 State of Maryland, first Annual Report of the Med^^Sjoard for Occupational Diseases, Industrial Accident C^wn^ssion. for the Period June 1. 1939 to October 31. 1940, Inclusive. 73 op. and 10 unpaged table*. ~ This report presents a complete analysis of the 391 cla&?^iled with the Mary land Medical Board for Occupational Diseases, during the ^gygn period. They are classified according to occupation, industry, type of dS^ease, and disposi tion of the claim. Of the total of 334 claims that were awarded, 186 were for desaatitis, 70 for disabilities from blisters or abrasions, 35 for bursitis or synovitis, 13 for lead poisoning or its sequelae end 1 for silicosis. The tables are followed by digests of the 36 claims that wore fozmolly brought be fore the Medical Board. 549 Neuronathologie Syndromes after Electric Traiaaa with a Note on Late Sequels. ?. Schelffehrt. Dtaeh/~Ztaclg. f~. 151. 153-73 (1940). (Penan). The author reports several cases of after-effects of electric shock on the ner vous rat, The symptoms are quite varied in the different cases, but all con be considered as indicating damage of certain sympathetic ganglions or "vegetative paralysis." Digest of Industrial Hysiens - 7. 550 a nilgai sad Physiological Inveatigatlon of a.sctrlc Arc Welding* III* Coated Welding Hod*. C.P.MeCord, G.C.Earrold and S.P.Meok. J.Iad. Hyg. k Toxicol., 23, 200-15 (May, 1941). Ia continuation of their irerk on electric arc welding (Abstracts No. 783, Nor bar, 1940 aod 456, June, 1941), the authors sow report their results os coated rods. Hod coatings vary materially in composition and some with the simplest composition were used ia the experiments. The principal elements found in the coatings and fea, ia addition to those from the bare rods, were silicon and titanium. The quantiti of aitrousgrfaoa and ozone In f\noa from coated rods wero lower than from bare rods, bjiA^tSfl^^etallic fuses (iron and aengenese) auchjore abundant, especially tfraimaganese, The animals (rabbits end alb raWiiere expos# for $ hoaefc. da$*yfor 46 days out of a total of 64 da fumes wait 12 it half-hour intervals. Contrary to fi, bare ance3 wore encountered. Suhstantii of met] ibin In the blood of exposed rats, and lta*pa^ygce was establisl of welders. A few additional expe?ljfo$j^8n bare rods also disoldi in in the blood of the rata. Asjta case of bare rod 4xperjpffififfltn whi^ ge quantities of nitrous anseesjrfro evolved, no eridenes ative to pulmonary ej^SX^evert respiratory tract wn or^jsSlar s, traditionally jwbojefed with nitrous gas 'seaits injeci Blons, while toneally witjr^LL^pIg fwe dust exhibited inert ect&s^fcith sillgc^w^pveeeated characteristically proliferative reaction f 551 Nystagmus In the Dutch aomio factors and Photometric Investi- aatlons* J.W.C.7erhagw7 a 100. 266-76 (1940). (German). The author preseata ststi, nyai in the Duteh coal mining areas and shows that the lumber "* ins disability is influenced by the economic situation* /fi most ftfohablt ia of nystatus is defective lllu. alnation, photosu&ik^feasurmaents ware the mines under various types of iliuaiinati^nN^^sults showed thatr~tfca is the beat lllu&lnnnt. 552 An Autow^o^a&bon Disulfide Recorder^ and W.H. Calvert. J. Znd. ayg^T^ibol., 23, 19 T(Kay, 1941). and inexpensive carbon disulfi escribed. It is based on lorlmetric analysis of carbon dl acetate and diethyl- ne in methyl oelloaolve. When hydrogen at it is removed by passing the air through alkaline cadmium chlortde pefo enters the absorp- tlon coll. 'Two Zenith pimps, which are generallyj^ailaSrf in rayon plants may be used, ono to handle, the absorbing liquid ea^fhe other to fores the air through the liquid* Use of this recorder obviates th^need of routine manual sampling, and it gives a permanent record of the carbum^tsulfide concentration at all times* 553 Effective ture Scale. A Measure cf Caav<vie wwartwta; Tamper- aturo. M.B. Pardsrber and f.C.Soughten. 1.Aa.Med.Assoc., 474-7 (?ebruar7 8, 1941)* This is a review of the effective tperature index end its application to ordinary living and working esvlromenta in winter and smmer. 554 Adsorption of the Barlv Products of Borins Tuberole Bacil^f ^ Babbits by Anthracite Dust. SL.CuBnlna. Brit. Med* J*~. pp* 625-4 (1940). The author has devised a method of Intratracheal inoculation of an emulsion of living extremely virulent bovine tubercle baolUl, and the same onlslon with 0.2 g. of anthracite dust* The addition of the dust Isd to the survival of 5 rabbits, considerably longer than ths controls (116 vs. 75 days) oat to compiote recovery in 1 to 6 months* ' Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 8. 555 Duat-teloslon Hazards in Plants Productng or Handling jui^aum, MaffnesliM Zinc Powder. H.R. Brown.. Bur. of Minas Inf. Cir. So77148, (March, 1941). This pspar prasant* a review of the knowledge of the explosibility of altainum, magnesium and sine dusts, including the uses and manufacture, ignition temper atures, pressures developed, etc. At least 45 explosions of these -ists occurred from 1917 to 1939, Including 12 in the last five years. They will ..robably be acre frequent now, owing to tho great increase in production. Water cannot be used to extinguish fires, as the dusts react with water. Extinguishers that disperse the dusts, thereby creating new and dangerous clouds, are also ruled out. The only method available isitgSsolate the fire and let it burn Itself ^ out, or to use inert dusts if the^Sksgrl mull. The beet protection lies in.<rA firet^wventioa, which oust hiuvaporized in plants. Cleanliness must , and flamaa and sacking Bust be proh^iranl^ should be Introduced froa outside th^wiKing* so that statio electricity does a^Uuaaate an approved type. The powder amttflgjwction of and divided into snail uaita^aKWtory with of dry sand, tale ora siaijafextinguisher locations, and flr^raDeuea should be warned Additional reae&copi&uld be carried out as to be learapdraw*the exploslbllity of these Examination of Phvelcal Defect^ Bass.Med.Ind., ^0, 219-39 (1939).; >s,.wfaich Unit tbs possibilities for a raM?of the occupations open to persons jasc^Ier) apparatus, arterial hypertension, iratory^ipporetus and of the digestive system. Operation^oj^ult L.C. Whlton, Jr., Trans. Am. Scc^4|cKb&ng., 63. 213*8 (Aaril T TestjL<te^OBde on cyclone dust collec grouped with interconnect- iamCvkc^'and hoppers. Besults show tha equipped cyclone of the led in actual practice and operated _ conditions of rests* :e and toaperature, perfozanneo of the liti^ttaal is representative >of the group in the field* In the discussion ^ftfuowi paper, it was agreed that this conclusion should sot apply to groups od 3 cyclones in parallel. 558 Industrial Air Analysis. A Description of Soe of cal Methods Ihrolcyed in the Laboratory. W.J. Burke and others.' W.T. Stat Labor, Div. Ind. Hyg., Mimeographed, no date. ' A0\ Various instilments are described, and clumlcal and pbysio^^ocedures are pre sented, for laboratory and field analyses of air. Specifie^sthoda for deter* mining the following substances are described: load, zinc, and copper (alcne or In combination), mercury, carbon noaoxide, benzene, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde and helogonated hydrocarbons. Methods are also given for determination of combustible lialte of various gases and gravimetric estima tion of organic vapors whan present singly or in taown proportions. The physical methods include adsorption of organic vapors on charcoal, silica gel, etc., absorption of vapors and gases in liquid media, and various instrumental methods such as the carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and combustible gas indicators, tbs Kordlonder end Woodlands? mercury vapor detectors and tbs Tebbens combustion apparatus for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Tbs mstbods given are supported by re ferences and experimental data which should be of greet value to the industrial hygienist. Digest of Industrial SygUas - 9 559 Dural total Product and Cutawtum Ulceration. Queries and Minor Notes. J. Am. Mad. Assoc* *116. 432 (February 1. 1941). A young apprentice handling the alloy Dural (aluminum with 4* copper and 1% other metals) has had chronic ulcerative losions, raising the question whether the aetal any he responsible. None of the constituents is a cosnon source of dermatitis, and although an individual sensitivity is possible, it is acre like* ly that the lesions are caused by any one of a number of materials handled, such as aachine oil, naphtha and degreasing agents, to which a new worker may be especially sensitive* 560 Silicoais from Porphyry. Coat the Knowledge of Subacute Slllcos^ S St&h^tz. ?o dMSb. FRoeatgenstr.. 62 . 395*404 (1940M1 The atfiUtf* dis ous effects of granites, porphyries, etc., prase os and picturea of silicosis in wo ed for 9 a dry drilling in a tunnel through contain lag quart equal parts. Of ths 6 drillers , 3 died of sllicosl erlag from meditm to serious s Two workers ployed material are still free^of Drilling end crush! described result in sis over a period of to 561 SffeCtS of Htfth "tonya pp. 288*93 These papers are reviews o largely with aetaboll heat exhaustion' Tbs Regulation of Body TeaJ.T. U93T. 283*288 (DecLber.l94Q) han Body, P.H. Jones, Ibid., e on the subject, the second dealing hy/gpnges, heat utricaria, heat craaps and 562 The Silica Coat Issues, with and wl^ Silicotic Lesions. B.J.Zing and T.H. Belt. J, Beet., 51, sefrrp (1 The nutto for silica the lung*, of _ sons exposed to siliceous dusts ribronehial lymph glaadf/of 132-1 rs without sueh exposure. The>f roup was found to contain sima^aac 0.27 to 3.7%, while the of the noxsal was 0.2% of without exposure, one-half of the lungs of the series silica dust showed .icotic nodules* The sutlers suggest that'^Sfce any be due to differ- ences in the nature of the silicotic particle^ Sill he lymph nodes of normal persons aceumilates with age. Tbs authersPjgncl that no direct associ- atlon exists between the slllea concentration and 'fbtf^Jdegrec of fibrosis, al* though the sllleotle oases always contained over 0.2%^ry weight' 563 I_n_d__u_s_t_ri_a_l__M_e__d_ic_i_n_e__a_s__a__S__p_ec__i_a_l_ty__a_n_d___it_s__R__e_l_a_t_io_n__t_o_________ Practice. G, 2. Gehimaim. Ann* Intern* Med.. 1^. 621-7 (1940). 3 A presentation of present day principles of Industrie! metfts&fr as a specialty, based upon 23 years of experience in the chemical industry* industrial medicine is a new specialty combining internal and preventive aedlelne and requires spe cial training in the knowledge of chmttcal production, toxicology and the clin ical manifestations of early chmttcal absorption* This specialty holds great opportunities for the protection and improvement of public health and should be better understood and correlated with the general practice of aedldni' 564 Silicosis in Soft Coal Miners. B.G. Clarke and C,2* Moffat. J.Ind. Hyg. k Toxicol'. 23. 176*86 (May. 1941). Chest x-rays and occupations! histories of 774 bitwinous coal workers of the Southex Appalachian region were studied to detezmine to what extant silicosis is present* The physical exsminatlon and x-ray records of 774 steel plant Digest of Industrial, Hygiene - 10 workers 1a the Chicago district, selected to fora a comparable age group, were studied as controls* the data, classified according to age, occupation, and niaber of years employed, are presented in a number of tables and charts. The comparison Indicates a tendency of bitinous miners to develop presilicotic lung changes after prolonged employment. At the nine where the study was made 2 of the workers showed presilicotic changes and 1$ showed modulation ` - their chest roentgenograms. These changes occurred principally among undercut ..ng machine operators and coal loaders. The shortest exposure period necessary to produce modulation was observed in a raft driller who had worked at his trade U years. 565 Sulfide Poisoning iq^Cleaaaaa Sulfuric laid T. Bauer ond^. Berger#<3Erch. ^of 259-87 (1940). Arsine peisd; curs in cleaning sulfuric add ti Two serlo one fatal (Abstract Ho. 860, Decanbei followed c s* In the fatal case, examination dfcs^h^fank air showed noth! stirring the task residue, the aif^pjijSlaed 98 og. of hydrogen traces of arsine. The author concludes that death wps (eats of hydrogen sulflde^tmMbly caused by reduction of thaftM^rarro rroua sulfide by^EPi^^ioe residue, followed bjtfgfcfgtf^of the Berger^M^Ses with Bauer regarding tho\ause of tho gen attributing it to action of the sold on t trlsulflde preaont in the reel- due and the sodlta carbo' tank. In reply, Bauer defends, his own interpretation, b general on preventive measures, in-> eluding: avoiding the int organic material, removal of as much as possible of the residue, the reminder with soda, filling the tank twice with fresh with a compressed air helmet or with plenty of fresh d bcmW# for arsine, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrous fines fide Poisoning in 1940). V fide was Inhaled by dogs for % ,15 ag. per 1. At the lower co at the higher concentration there animals wero quieter than usual and displ >a leaving the exposure chamber. No blood c Two of the dogs had diarrhea and one died shoving In fatal htnan cases, almost the only symptom fo Arch. f. exp. Path. u. first 0.014 mg. per 1., dogs showed little coughing and coryta. nausea, especially weight occurred, edema at autopsy, been lung edmsa. 567 The Dust Retaining Ability of the Noae in Asbestosis. hardt. Arch. f. Gewerborath.. 3,0. X9-25 (1940). ^(r\ Tho author fined the dust-retaining ability of the noee<&g3S asbestos workers, using.Letmam*s method. No constant relation betves&fehls ability and tendency to asbeatosls could be discovered. The duet-retentick capacity was be low 400 in several men who showed asbestotlc lung changes, but many others re mained healthy in spite of a similar low capacity. The two men with severe asbestosis had a good duet retaining capacity. The author concludes that this test has no esaentlal value and may be abandoned In pre-employment examinations of asbestos workers* 56B Radiation as a Factor in the Sensation of Warmth. F.C. Soughten and others. Beating. Pining & Air Cond.. 13. 123-34 (February. 1941)* Tosts were made in two identical exparimantal rooms, one heated with ordinary radiators and the other with wui air* The former was comfortable at an effec tive tperature about 1 lower than the latter, but the structural heat loss of the room heated by the radiator was Q% higher then the other* Ligaet of Industrial SygWne - 11. 3 A Divine-Apparatus fag Life 3an.Bg Work, C,I. LMbertson. J.Am.Med.Assoc., lie. 1367.9 (March 29, 194IT ' The author describes an apparatus designed primarily for underwater rescue work, but applicable also for work In toxic atmospheres. A small tank for oxygen or nitrogen-oxygen mixture and rebreathing apparatus are carried on the worker's back. In front is a soda-lime container, and flexible tubes run from the partial race mask to the container and to the oxygen tank. A leather harness attached to the assably has hooks for attaching*weights if desired* Oxygen flow is reg ulated so that 2 liters per minute a<3(taospheric pressure is delivered for 25 minutes. 570 The of. imit lation and Circulation in Man. H. Chi' vAm, Lowered sdfcea c< 426-36 (March 1, 194lT7 blood was induced in 3 men by part a non- oxide p< (thing a gas mixture poor in oxygen. acts of lowered o the blood, due to lowered 'ty and of lowered alv 3i< re quite different. La content caused no slgalfi iretlon or in cardiac , wutle lowered tension cause% WAI".ts are ncreade^fi ventilation to^d&ate that the of cardiac output, ion in the carotid body >st import .ues^% lnducl Lowered oxygen content `ollowed by acei (on ' ch le explained as a compmn- sation for the dlmlnia tuent) on capillary dilatation; 371 Air-Sunnlled Mask* fov n. Berts Arbeltaechutx pp. 291-2 > (1940). (German) The need of personal p local exhaust ventilation in paint spraying is Bphasi2ikk. \ve two ?-s masks most used in Germany, the Auer and the DraegeiujBe^escriSedrpwlth tratlons. A belt at the waist has openings coaawtihigwith the comprised supply and with the half-nask. A filter for/^e^Sprosaed air and e^&nec^ or supplying 2 or 3 wrkers are also^fewiaed. -<?T the Mature, growth and Contro Cuttlae Compounds, .C. Chandler. J, Bacterid., _ h, 1941) r e is ample opporttolty for bacterial Inf' ting oil through var- Sue contacts as it circulates through a plan authors do not re- gard infection as the primary cause of the skin bserred, they tested the oil for bacteria* Counts ranged from 14$ cc. after 2 hours use to 25 million after 200 hours* use. All the bacte cmed to belong to the genus Pseudomonas but are apparently of a new specie which the authors pro pose the aam Oleovorane. Laboratory trials of varlo tar disinfectants and other arteritis controlled the growth for only a finally resor- clad was found to be effective. No bacteria ware fowd _ 24 hours, and freshly added bacteAn were deetroyed. A it eolutlon seem ^g^give complete sterilization and does not effect the oil, while a Mailer mount prevents spoil- age. No investigation of the effects on workers is reported 573 ggp^yjmental Ressarch In Workers in the Mn*wfeg*wra of Drr Batteries. S. Zanettl. Med, del Lavoro 31. 276-61 (1940), (Italian). The author presents hie rosults of examination of workers employed in making dry batteries (see Abstract So. 311, April, 1941). 2s foiad very few symptoms, and no characteristic ones, of manganese poisoning. In the blood of some workers he fotad no changes in the blood calcium or potassium* but Mall changes in the glutathione content* Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. 574 SIze Determination of Invisible Particles. H. Eolberstadt. Steub, No. 13, 151-79 (1940). T2xa author describes the x-ray sathod of also measurement of ultramicroscopie particles, Including Its theoretical basis, different ways of performing the examination, and the accessories employed. The electron ray netted, similar to the first is described briefly. The e^petroa microscope is aerely mentioned; it is available in' only a few labcratoj 575 A lag Control of Dust with^SSafoal Reference to Respirators. Ceraa.^kc.. 20. Jrgg^fi (roril. 194lh ~ ihteg^tisfup' the American Ceramic Society, the aut, rol, with a brief deecription of tl hdations for their care and maintei 576 The Occum end Sllicotuberculoeia Cleaners at Sooderfoi Bedenstedt. Acta Tub 265-76 (1940). 135H _ TO&oundry were rsis and 2 case# of silico- rcnloais* I pel yaart* Masks ware worth- lestf Indirect ware more effective* Dysp- nea may be slight whil fenslve* Increaeed red cell sedf- mentation rate is due to :hii caeca were tuberculin positive* Phys- ical symptoms either are )t pronounced* Only in 2 cases were> workers entitled to health Sillcotuberculofis is not to be regarded as tuberculosis combination, but as a distinct pathological entity* 577 Clinical Bval sabillty in Pulaoi )iseases of Industry* 2. Mayer. J. Am. Med. 97-100 ! JansiaS? The aut see the ntaerous proi detoxmining compens- abili pulmonary diseases, in the jerience on the New York Departtent board of impart!* reviews controversial tion claims* Two types of probl* selves: in one the dis- related to a definite industrial be decided whether disabling; in ths other, disability the question is whethsr ths occupation is responsible. Ti ihsse problems under the following headings: (1) etiology; (2) product rung injury and its anatomic reeulte; (3) recognition of pulmonary V uses, end (4) bow such ill nesses produce pulmonary incapacity, particularly wit^i respect to reliable clin ical and laboratory procedures for determining such di&jjOllty* Two illustrative casts are described* Three types of pulmonary functionary are cited and dis cussed in detail: (1) ventilation, or ability of tha lung^OAnflate and de flate; (2) gas exchange teats which measure the oxygen debt^x^e oxygen deficit, and tho oxygon unsaturation of ths arterial blood Immoglobin'r7 and (4) measure ment of efficiency of tha pulmonary circulation* In conclusion, tha author sub mits a classification of disability grading: (1) phase of compensation, In which pulmonary fibrosU and emphysema are present to a considerable degree, but the emphysema is still compensatory and loos not restrict capacity for moderate exer cise; (2) latent decompensation, in which fibrosis and emphysema are extensive, with narked restriction of exercise capacity with dyspnea occurring regularly on moderate exercise; and (3) manifest decompensation, where tha fibrosis and emphysema are aasoclated with more or lesa `dyspnea even while the patient is at rest* Digest of Industrial Hygiene 13, 5SB Paaeihle Respiratory Irritant from Cotton Dust or Cotton Dyes* queries and Minor Notes. X. A*. Mad, Aaaoa.. 116. 2449 (May 24. 1941). The question is what Irritating substance or dye may be present in khaki-colored cotton now being made for the govarment, as parsons who handle this material suffer irritation of the nose and throat. The reply Indicates the cotton dust itself, especially if it contains histamine, as the most probable cause. In England, bysslnosls, a lung disease from cotton dust, is compensable. Irrita tion from any dye is most commonly manifest as dermatitis. The absence of der matitis tends to exclude, but does rngkecessarily exclude, dyes as the source of respiratory infection. SulfurJ^nwuye and chromate dusts may be consider; ed sJfcossibilities> and aUergefrebjrtheoretlcally efist in catechu. Save; ' refer&dbes on th^xeffact of^pq^tottiauit are given* 579 Artltraftiojj-of Tho aut tion of method of o tion and best It Ind. Med., ^0, 13*4 [JmuOrM T941! present New York State arbitra- lllnees and injuries* ^>\i#*cribes the conrinced that the (frecgp&e for arbitra- effect, fgttLe ah^ perfect, is the the treuhleeome problem, keep satisfactorily. 500 'ey of Non-Oc s in a Nalor Oil Refinery* NJT. Forster and i-5 (January, 1941). f Statistics ere presented of occupational and non-occupation- el Illnesses and . refinery during 1939, with special > attention to respiratory re reeonsible for 61.331 of lost time cases, and e cupatioaal diseases and aon-cccu- patlonsl injuries ,ce was in February, and prephy- lactic measures a at that period should be insti- tuted with on a _ Gastrointestinal disorders and the arthriti&tf#yr&lc group ore aext^p a be controlled by more rigl^^eSjWploymsnt axamlnatlo k-ups. Regarding in times as many lost time' outside the plant as in PC $dnal pursuits, and the days double* Reduction of tional lost timeiliaossea an achieved by more atten- the subject on the part of employ tho visiting nurse, tine checks by the nurse will also f coses in which the family doctor certifies to an unduly The average time lost by the worker has been reduced from 28 days days a year in a relatively short time, through the effort# of but present necessity for defense measures end the Interest of the gov in worker's health should stimulate industry to efforts to improve tho worker* 4 kea^th still more. 561 Rehabilitation at Baton Souse Refinery. J.L* Georgs and Allen, Jr., Ind. Med., 10, 63-7 (Harsh, 1941). ' The authors describe the rehabilitation program at the BatoiHSouge refinery of Standard Oil Company of Louisiana. The seme problems were encountered, and net in the same general way, as have boon reported by others, but a few additional* points are noteworthy* In the cose of the white employe the causes of dis ability from illness follow very much in the order of cause# of death in the nation, namely heart disease, tuberculosis, etc* Among colored employees, syphilis is the chief cause of disability* Vblte employees predominate In the group that require consideration due to industrial accidents, while the colored employees predominate in the group requiring consideration due to illness sot attributable to their jobs* Disabled maployee# frequently make the best em ployees* A definite medical plan, thorough exmttnetlon prior to placing employ ees in a remunerative occupation, and a perpetual inventory of disabled personnel, are advocated* Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 562 Chronic Arthritis and Re-Baniovment. J.G. Euhaa. lad. Med., ^0j 94-9 (March, 1941)". To the layman, chronic arthritis is noat commonly associated with crippling of tha spine or extremities and with serious disability. Rarely is it considered compatible with a fair measure of health and relative freedom of physical activity. So prevalent is this concept that it is very difficult for individ uals to find employment. On the other hand, using the records of the Robert Brack Brigham Hospital as a yardstick^/jlt nwuld appear that only about one-fourth of chronic arthrltics do not beco^48wmployable in some capacity due solely to thk severity of their aithritt^5eon?tioa. Contributing factors to the ti$rc& the probability of ts^r reemployment include such consideration; occu; and ;hrltls. Much more detailed and c colle Sriod of time are necessary for the su elucida {ted problmt of re-employment end c 583 Medical .tlonal Status. IV. The Ocul Avitamino Kal Consideration of the Detect by Blomi Pub.health Repts., 1-21 (June 27, 1941) f l_x_,, group, 435* had ther 54 had micros- lesio tic of 4Vlt* The ocular condition was its conjunct!* dministj vitamin A as specific therapy to 'h part of the gro tivi in nine persons have now com- pletely disappeared, &ee by blomicrosooplo examination, In all others receiving j'unctival lesions have markedly receded to the point of near dlsa all cases the striking feature is the very long period of time " ete recovery, a matter of months even with therapy of high not receiving therapy have shown no improvement. It J^jhJgffcst probably precedes night blindness as an early slAjef(mjbosdnosis ion of early avitaminosis A, the bioaicrosccpio '^aSm^Stlon is reco e, convenient, objective method. combined with gro* n, all degrees of xerosis may be gradad^odaf^iog to severity and ' ed prevalence of avitemin- osi^4?fi$wi3 low-income group, objoc id&tlng previous dietary Jests its relatively frequent o ce~fx^e population at large. Gnomical Dust Control with low Resistence t Sjngfciks. Part 4. Filter Connection and Pan Selection. 7.F. Kravath. 36. 33-5 (Pebruar7. 1941) cj4) In this installment the importance of proper coiu3*$bns for the filter and ex haust fan are discussed. When properly connected, tJ^v resistance loss across the filter is a large fraction of the overall resistAncC^loss, but the overall loss may easily become several times the filter less wfcte^he assembly Is poorly designed* The si2# of the filter must be selected not on^)for performance but also for low resistance characteristics. It is false ecohd(fe)to scrimp on the size of the filter, as savings in first cost will be replaeim by Increased aain- tanance costs and power consumption. Size is an important consideration in fan selection also. Por a series of similar fans, capacity is directly proportional to the square of the diameter of the fan wheel, and so a small fan must be oper ated faster than a large one. Other items Ascussed are frictional loss in the bearings, leakage, frictional resistance of the air moving over the fan parts, and shook losses. It is essential In order to secure the most efficient fan that we carefully select tha proper size, the most efficient type and the best workmanship. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - is 505 Economical Dust Control with Low Real stance Srhwuat System. Part 5. Smumw,. A Sample System. 7,7. gravath. Heat. fc Vent.. 38, 33 (March. 1941). A sodel exhaust system, bodying tbs requirements outlined in tbs earlier papers, is described briefly and illustrated. Tbs yearly saving over tbe cost of an "old* system baring all tbe faults considered in tbe discussions, under noiaal operation, is estimated at $1,800. 536 Economical Dust Control with Low Re. ance_fichaust Systems. Part 6. Plenum Chamber Sya**--- 7.7. Kravath. Vent., 30 , 36-8 (April, 1941). T^ir>paper concludes tbe series,' tiling Abstracts No. 15, 10, 19, Janui 194Lnd No. 5S^and 505 La^&is etin. In paeiaatlc design of'bran* teBSs-d^ls important n low resistance between tbe branchei^na^Ke outlaid . ual velocities in tbe branches. Tdgwij^ftioa is attain wm of a plant* chamber, which consists dfn^large box or tank suction and from which tbe various snpen pipes ate. Sine preciable velocity within the cti@b77 It also acts as a set relopflpVWt ateeHhere, and the edt uced, since the high is no outlet. SeTeralTOvefc^f plema chambers are and ill s located below tbe machines serves, so low Ida by gravity into the pleat*, necessitating so h Telocity, effecting saviagb in power and mai grinders or other machines are built into tbe plenum chamber chad to It, so that no contraction lb cross-sectional area of and the material slides by gravity into tbe plant*, thus arol oclty. This systm requires a con reyor for remoral of . storage tank. When it is not necessary toat^pJjWSfeiide plenum with sufficiently large cross segfl&Tvsr equipped el erase stack Instead of a filter wltiLd^rid^nant orerall loss'^jf inch water gauge. Tbe author agfewaji tbe great benefit ` a study of tbe science of dust A$SfcirT>y tbe company1 s own dntrol in tbe Air Conditioned Room. (Jfay. ). author describee methods of cleaning air^ mends recirculation of air from exhaust syat economy make it desirable. Tbe savings from and maintenance of tbe system is dsscribed. Seat, fc Tent., 38, emtioni, and recoanaidemtions of atloni are estimated, 588 Air Sterilisation by Sodit* Hypochlorite. Anonymous* o. of article in Heating and Ventilating Engineer, London, reference no* , Scat, fc Tent. 30 , 33 (Kay, 1941). Sodit* hypochlorite is used in London for sterilising air<$tt'eir raid shelters, moving picture houses, public buildings and factories. Thsrsolution decamposee when exposed to air, liberating hypochloroua acid gas. The miniat* irritant dose is much higher than the minlmua lethal dose'for bacteria, and so it is particularly adapted for air sterilization. It is stated that a reduction of 99% in the bacterial court of an inhabited room has been obtained by 1 volume of the gas in 5,300,000,000 parts of air. Hand spraying the 1% solution has bees found to give results in sail air raid shelters. Power sprays are used in larger spaces. In air conditioning systems it has been found possible to in stall a vaporizer in a direct Intake supply in such a --as to Insure an automatic supply of the correct proportion of hypochloroua add. The presence of eaustic soda in the hypochlorite solution is objectionable. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 16 589 Air Dilution la Industrial Ventilation. III. W.C.L. Smseon* H*at. kYmt., 38, 40*2 {February, 194lT ' In this installment the author first considers local exhaust vs, dilution venti lation- la general, where pneisaoconiosis-producing dusts, lead fumes and dust, mercury, chlorinated naphthalenes and similar materials are present, only local exhaust systems can he used. Exceptions occur in situations of temporary large scale contamination, as in foundries during dumping of castings and condition ing of sand, and than only if the pelisses are of relatively short duration and. the vol\ae of ventilation is genagaiXfriLAlr distribution is next discussed, r " is amm that in rooms with the^upa openings, it is material whether a an exhaust fan ot^hoth, with^he sate capacity, are used. The air room^e^s to tCraw 1ft line, and the leaving air currents fKlKJrie law ofHloc^ exhadj^wBkwZLchever method is used. Air vntr*\myrrjrr^in 1 positive^x 5^tren^^e)ni2ed dilution and objectionable draftVnSialso con sidered. 590 Ventilation. 17. W.C.L, Seat, ft Vent., in t: ries have been in Abstracts No. 20 and , 1941, this Bullet the concluding installment feet of room scuss ious arrangements of processes high posted rooms ,fr< _ safeguards against room air tfcing contaminated. The autho of the various factors shows that they are sot all favorable to room* The factors considered in eon- aection with choice or roo: natural ventilation, build up rate, and continuous and discontin floor ventilation for heavy vapors is also discussed, wit the aey of the belief that substances of ed high near molecular the '^V^fteble:nkshew* to< that co oor and can be more easily remov.tions of various fairly heavy vapors are i uficantly higher at^he than at breathing level. Oovm- draft venni) is an excellent st cases but can be treated only ag^^c haust or as part of of ventilation* The L7 considers the effect of in densities of air to tperaturee differentials? ant factor in the design distributing systems* Such greater part in ven- Latlon than the differences in densities and air which are due to their molecular weight* on Industrial Poisons. Cancer. Dermatol*, etc. ' 1 ---- - - t 591 of Cobalt AAnlwiatAyd Qy^lly ta^ Penatl and H. Suata. Bass. Med.Iad., 1^, 372-80 (1940)."(Italian)7 Seven normal subjects ingested daily for 3-4 days 0*25 f* finely pulverized metallic cobalt. No severe disturbance followed* Cobalt, determined In the urine by a spectrophotcmetrlc method, rose rather rapidly from, the second to the fourth day, then fell more slowly* The percentage eliminated varied from 1 to 6, with, a mean of 338Jl* 592 Injuries from Acridin amonn Coal Workers* W. Leopoldsberger* Wien* klin. Wchnaohr. S3.1.074-? (IsaoL Fourteen workers engaged in unloading briquets were found to have dermatitis and conjunctivitis of stxy Ingres, also lesions of the comma which caused loss of the eplthellt* and, in the most severe case* nearly the entire cornea* The author's opinion, based upon chemical examination, is that the demage is due to acridin* Digest of Industrial QygLeae -17, 993 Dcxmatltl* from Butane or Butane Gasoline. Queries and Minor Notes, y. Am. Med, Assoc*, 12, 2490 (May 24, 1941). The inquirer reports a case of irritation of the skin of the entire body follow- lag spraying of "butane gas" on the arm, end requests information on the com position and toxicity of the gas* It is not clear whether the material in ques tion is butane itself or "butane gaoline1* which is a natural gasoline or casing head naphtha, high in butane and other low-boiling hydrocarbons* The reply briefly present# the physical boiling hydrocarbons* Butane as of butane and the toxic effects of lowto have a powerful irritating effect therein because it is a stro rent end because its evaporation frj twjKin. The eruption woufcd of erythsa with pustules, veaicJ ulcafs^} Nat\a?ogasoline^naa)the effect la a slighter degree irrltatinn thSMmurcSieM&lae. The patient not only suffered bdtitls effect of tho gasoline but also be itized, of his body, on which minute portio * gasoline ts of allergic dermatitis* J 594 Ocul LSdsiasn to aeutrt author uses a f$sa on easily sol in applying powdered anesthesia* After 1: 3 days* Burns produced extracting the fiber, oxalate in the tissue 2strade. del So de Stn. de la within coagulated tissues, y combines with tho lime to most effective method consists ctival see, preferably under local solution is applied, frequently for 2 or maguey plant, in workers engaged in precipitation of needles of ealci\m t is effective* Methods Lis* 0* Szep. Ztfchr* f, phyaicl. Chau 267 The aut the data in the^ij nceralag ths normal arsonio conto; nails* The valu< y as to miss doubt as to t of many cf the detoxmlna found 24-77 gaaaa % in and 130-920 gamma % in no with arsenical polyneur- d 694 gone * in the heir and 190 $ respectively, in fin- and too nails* The author stresses thKM pleasing the hair and nails thoroughly before exnlnatlon* Tho me and others (Abstract No* 684, Septber, 1940) was used with e nodi which heated hydro- chloric add destroys the material more rapldly*^^ 596 The Infl e of the Titration Alkalinity of ci<*"Bar^gents on the pH Value of the L. Peukert. Arch* f~* Dermat. u* 417-24 (1940) * The soaps gnsmlly used deetroy the natural acid produn&c of the skin, and the alkalinity thus produced loads to skin diseases* Thk^-ufchor shows that the destructive action is measurable by the titration alkalinity rather than by the actual alkalinity. A harmless cleansing agent is very Important, especially for workers in dirty occupations, and so long as elksline soaps are nscsssary, oal7 those should be used in which ths titration alkalinity is not too high* 597 Dermatitis Due to Dextrine Used a* *" ^>^sive on Tex Stamaa* J.D*Walters and B.C. Stern* I. Am* Itod. Assoc,. 116. ISIS (April g. 1941)* The authors report two cases of dermatitis oaueed by dextrine used in adhesives on stamps pasted on cigarette packages* Ths fingers on both bends show moderate fissuring, crusting and induration* Papulae with excoriation and crusting any also be present. Baoval from ths occupation allows heeling of ths lesions* Patch tests gave positive results* Long sleeved garments and frequent washing are reeonended as preventive measures* ~~ t Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 18, 596 *nJ> Cy^de Poisoning. Queries and Minor Botes, X. its* Med. Assoc., lTftT"2640 jjtn> 7, 1941), The inquiry concerns the status of treatment of c7a0l.de poisoning with sodium nitrite and sodivm thiosulfate, intravenously, and methods of preparation of the materials* The mixture of drugs, tested on dogs, nj fovad to detorify 20 mini ma lethal doses of sodium cyanide and to be 10 times as effective as methylene blue* The work of several Investigators Is reviewed briefly, Chen suggested immediate and repeated inhelatlon of amgl until the Injection# of the above salts are begun* Stteldorf found that injfgmona of the drugs before exposure to hydrogmp cyanide vapors gave protogjjo^sgainst concentrations 4 to 6 times as would produce convulsionSvo) control dogs* Mathsds of preparing Lniatra-tfSh are given* 599 Hepatic inal rvlllum paiaaniBg,* A Contribution it the To* S. Caccurl* Hast. Med* Ind* 1940). (Italian) The effects rbonate, nitrate and oxide on and kidney in rabbits case of eaeh compound, dMLiy'iMgcctloas of 1 mg* iro 3 animals, wfclehjHNppen sacrificed after 30, lestion and dadfijreaive changes vers observed, cases, ition of thd>MgiwStlvs tissue* Of the 3 com* poi ths nitrate tfcr jest _! 600 A Method of Determining ttiSJbtii SHp 1* Dermatoses hr the TJse of s Chemical ittl. Bass* Med. Xnd., ^ 203-12 (1940)* (Italian). Using BurckhardVa aetho is, ths author tasted 104 painters, 66 of whom mere dealt ixmatoses, and 20 oontrols not ex- posed to toxic subat The .skin to neutralize alkaline sub- stances varies thy Individuals bu* ictleally always definitely diminished lns& who have occup^ohsl >ses* Treatment of Arsenic Poi (German)* >r mentions perforation of the tad ohronle srsenlo poisoning and its ;m thiosulfate* He attributes cirrhosis of arsenic and alcohol, and considers srsenlo ea latter points are quite controversial. Med. G.ln., 36, and describes especially the combined effects .use of cancer. The 602 RMnopharmenel Disturbances Among ' w<ftere. ^ cioli. Hass. mad. lad., Ji, t (1940,. IZUliaa). The author deserlhes ulcerations of the cartUagiaous of the nasal sep- turn and laflSMatloa of the mate and pharynx among work* Loyed in electro- plating with cadmium. Bo attributes tbs disorders to eadml Ibsorbed by the body* Ho case of perforation of the septum was found* 603 Dermatitis In fruit Sadlers. Queries and Minor Botes* ? Am. Mad* Assoc., 116, 87 (January 47 194ll* Ths qusstion oonosms prevention and treagent of dermatitis arising from hand ling applts continuously* Dermatitis is quite ooMon among fruit handlers, end is apparently caused by maceration of the skin and irritating action of the juices* Rubber gloves and impervious sleeves and aprons are roooBended. Mild lotions or olntmants are advised, with cessation of work la severe eases* The Inquirer is referred to Public Health Bulletin Bo* 249, page 9 sndto other references* Divert of Industrial Hygiene -19* 604 Coordinate C**-r+ Vapor Pressures of Qy^wia Solvents. D.S. Ctrl*. lad and Bm, C^M*. 33. 401 (March. 1941)* A line coordinate chart is given for determining the vapor pressures of J>ayl end n-butyl acotetea* dlacetoae alcohol* diisobutylene, ethylene glycol mo&o- ethyl ether, leodecaae and lsooctane* over a tsmperature range of 0 to 180C 605 Dermatitis Due to Parachlometacresol. W.H. Guy and ?.M. Jacob. J. Am. Med. Assoc., 116. 2258 iMay 17. 1941) . ` Twelve cases of vesicular deaatitisSksatly in the pala of the left hand of girl* ployed in labeling and qriSLa^fthiskey bottles, were traced to a prej fluid in which the vigsoaeefcpe were shipped to the distillery* The " fluidAa repor^d^S\contain 1 to 19J( of parachlometacreaoy&i patch its with^sia^y3rution of parachloiBetacreaol gave positfTvj^Kilts* Vashi A capeore handling prevented the appearand^&ew cases. 606 Hazards oi 3354 (May SyptoMs/tef^^g^rtient _ chlorfakt4d^y6^arbon >lsonfig feaibly nephriti this cleansing agen air throughout the ; to he dangerous for sho tamarily afforded by the vapors at a level below t: cured through the inst Queries at Minor Motes* 116. ed to a oiwercial t consisting of & spond to theee of te of such solvents, severe gte irritation, hepatitis perfoimed in vapors of -- 200 parts per Million of: perte per Million are not mown as one, half bow* Protection is ous elth water jackets which condense the 1 Otherwise, protection say be pro exhaust systms. 607 Problen of Con rcurii tufacture of Palt gats* S.S.0sbom* Connecticut ., 55, 155-^j37g The author history ofij^use ury in carroting fait hats, the of Mercurial poisoalogjjh f< workers, and the long but fj essful search for a substSwtMNfor As announced in Abstract runs* 1941, Bulletin* the India to eliminate the use of compounds. The proposed state one^gs^prning the use of hatters Lai carroting solutions, adopted . ~ in Washington on May , 1941, are presented* Section 1 defines T$e?6erf s carroting and Mercurial carrot* Section 2 states that effective Decbers l use of Mercurial carrot in the preperatlOM of hatter* e fur, or tfigr^e oof Mercurial carroted hatters1 fur in the Meaufaeture of hate, is prohltiXtf provided that stocks of oercurlal oarroted fur on hand on that date say be until consumed* Absenteeism slclmesa 547 in oil refinery 580 Acridin 592 ZNSSC (July, 1941) Dermatitis butane 593 dextrin 397 fruit handler 603 perachloimdgfcresol 605 Meslgg, eir supplied 571 Mercurialisa. fait mmvm-r* 607 576 560 coal miners 564 Cobalt elimination 391 Cutting compounds bacterial content 572 Cyanide 598 gynoxenia, effects 570 Industrie! health program 546 Industrial medicine 563 fee arbitration 579 in hazards 606 pressures 604 Tissue silica content 568 Weldlae 550