Document Rp0nJjLg915YYQdrb0nxg8yNE

OFFICEF3 p. 5 'Owens-Corning) "EMBERS p. 5 (National Gypsum) AUTOMOTIVE SECTION, OFFICERS (Bendix Products Division, OwensIllinois Glass') p. 14, 15 CEMENT AND QUARRY SECTION, OFFICERS (National Gypsum!) p. 231 CHEMICAL SECTION, OFFICERS p.52, 3 (Pittsburgh Plate Glass) (coal mining section) ROOF DRILLING WITH DUST CONTROL EQUIPMENT p 44--43 harm of breathing, silica dust p.45 COAL MINING SECTION, OFFICERS p. 50, 51 CONSTRUCTION SECTION OFFICERS p. 22, 23 ' ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY SECTION, OFFICERS p. IS, 13 GLASS ANP CERAMICS SECTION, OFFICERS p. 11 (PPG, Owens-Corning Fiberglass) (No officers were listed for the Industrial Safety Section) INDUS IAL HYGIENE-INDUSTRIAL DUSTS-WHAT EVERY KNOW p. 55-57 Hew long does it take for occupational disease lungs from exposure to dust? p. 55 asbestos disease and silicosis p. 56 fibrosis p. 57 SUPERVISOR to develop SHOULD in the MARINE SECTION, OFFICERS p. 25-27 THE USE (OF- WETTING.' AGENTS TO CONTROL DUST IN INDUSTRY (Metal Section) . sil icosis^p. '18' . METALS SECTION, OFFICERS p. 37-33 MINING SECTION OFFICERS p. 92, 33 PETROLEUM SECTION OFFICERS p. 46, 47 PUBLIC UTILITIES OFFICERS p. 13, 13 RAILROAD SECTION OFFICERS p. 38, 33 TEXTILE INDUSTRY OFFICERS p. 13, 13' NSC-13 ncTO free Tubl cmrwy.NewsM- * 1951 GENERAL SESSIONS , 1951 National Safety Congress (Index to Transactions of all Sessions) Officer*, Trustees, end Board of Directors 5 Annual Council Meeting Minutes ................................................................................ II Sportsmanship in Safety ................................................... 13 Address by Millard Caldwell............................................ 17 Six Steps Ahead ................ ;............................................. 20 Banquet Address by Robert Young 27 Safety Exposition Exhibitors................................................. 31 Index .v. i.! 1 37 Volume 1 Transactions (| 39th National Safety Congl s 000300 NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Michigan Avenue Chicago 11, III. I National Safety Council 00030 OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: Cham.es R. Cox, President, Kennccott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. President: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Farms: Got L. Noble, Managing Director, Na tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: O. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Company, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Homes: Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Execu tive Vice-President, Owens-Coming Fiberglas Corp., Toledo, Ohio. Vice-President for Industry: J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Pro duction Manager, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Vice-President for Local Safety Organisations: Robert R. Snod grass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Co., Atlanta, Ga. Vice-President for Membership: L. R. Boulware, Vice-President, Employee & Plant Community Relations, General Electric Co., New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Public Information: Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Traj$; end Transportation: Thomas II. Mac Donald, CommissIowiSf' Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. G Vice-President for IVomen's Activities: Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Win chester, Iivd. Secretory: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safely Council, Chicago, 111. Assistant Treasurers: B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, III.; II. 11. Grf.enwald, Director, Accounting Divi sion, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 5 National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman of Iht Trustees: Lee Warren James, Attorney, Old Brookville, Long Island, New York. (Note: Mr. Janies succeeded William A. Irvin as Chairman of the Trustees upon the latter's death Jan uary 2, 19S2.) Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: John Stilwell, Yonkers, New York. Secretary of the Trtutees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Members Winthrop W. Aldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Melvin H. Baker, President, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn, i Cason J. Callaway, Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Texas. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Ilowatd Supply Company, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. Charles R. Cox, President, Kcnnecott Copper Corporation, New York, N. Y. (Ex-Officio.) Cleo F. Craig, President, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Frederick C Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, III. Ned II. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. (Ex-Officio.) Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. ( National Safety Council Benjamin F. Fairlksb, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pittslmrgh, Pa. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. William Green, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C. E. Roland Harriman, Brown Brothers Harriman ami Company, New York, N. Y. Lee Warren James, Old Brookville, Long Island, N. Y. George E. Leighty, President, Railway Latior Executives' Associa tion, Washington, D. C. Horace P. Liversidge, Chairman, Board of Directors, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Gustav Metzman, President, New York Central System, New Ymk. N. Y. Thomas A. Morgan, Chairman, Bm1 *i Director*. The* S(cmv Cor|Kiralion, New York, N. Y. Philip Murrav, President, ('impress of Industrial f Irgaiti/.iiioiis, Washington, D. C. Benjamin O'Shea, Memlicr, Board of Directors, Union Carbide and Carbon Corp., New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, Erpiilaklc Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, N. V. \V. S. S. Rodgers, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Texas Com pany, New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Com pany, 1-os Angeles, Calif. IIkrdert E. Smith, Mcinlicr, Board of Directors, United Stales Kiihlicr Company, New York, N. Y. John Stilwell, Yonkers, N. Y. Arthur E. Stoddard, President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Ncbr. Dr. John F. Thompson, Chairman and President, International Nickel Coin|mny of Canada, Ltd., New York, N. Y. Juan T. Triite, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York, N. Y. Thomas J. Watson, President, International Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y. C. E. Wilson, President, General .Motors <'ur|Miralioti, Detroit, Mich. Charles Deere Wiman, President, Deere and Company, Moline, III. Kodkrt W. Woodrow, Chairman, Executive Committee, The Coca- Cola Company, Atlanta, Ga. National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: Charles R. Cox, President, Kcnnccott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors: Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Association of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, III. Members A. F. Allen, President, Texas Employers' Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. J. I. Banash, Consulting Engineer, West Los Angeles, Calif. William B. Barton, Manager, Labor Relations Department, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Olive Beech, President, Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kans. C. W. Rergquist, Indianapolis, Ind. R. A. L. Bogan, Executive Vice-President, The Greyhound Corpora tion, Chicago, III. Norman E. Borgerson, Assistant Superintendent, State Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. L. R. Boulware, Vice-President, Employee k Plant Community Relations, General Electric Company, New York, N. Y. Frf.d W. Braun, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, The Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Tiif.o Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, III. E. J. Buhner, Giairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. Alfred W. Cantwell, Director, First Aid, Water Safety and Acci dent Prevention, American National Red Cross, Washington, D. G Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. E. J. Coniion, Assistant to the President, Scars Roebuck and Co., Chicago, III. William L. Connolly, Director, Bureau of Lalior Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. Charles R. Cox, President, Kcnnccott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. R. S. Damon, President, Trans World Airlines, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. Ned H. Dearuorn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. George P. Delaney, International Representative, American Federa tion of Labor, Washington, D. G Lawrence E. Dickson, President, Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, III. J. Dewey Dorsett, General Manager, Association of Gisually and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. E. F. nu Pont, Director, Employee Relations Detriment, E. I. do Pont de Nemours fit Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Wallace Fai.vev, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. 8 National Safety Council 00030!) .. # ' . Carroll E. French, Director, Indusl7l3!''Rclatii5os Division, National Association of Manufacturers, New York, N. Y. O. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Co., Chicago, III. W. Earl Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Glolic-Gazcttc, Mason ' City, la. Miss Eleanor Howe, Editor in Chief, "What's New in Home Eco nomics," Chicago, 111. Dr. Herold G Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Giicago, III. George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safely Giairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Winchester, Ind. E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter G. King, New York, N. Y. Harold K. Kramer, Assistant Vice-President, The Borden Company, New York, N. Y. Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Giicfs of Police, Evanston, III. Walter D. Ladd, Manager, St. Joseph Safely Council, St. Joseph, Mo. Iver C. Larson, Executive Vice-President, San Francisco Giaptcr, National Safety Council, San Francisco, Cal. Walter G. Legge, President, Walter G. Lcggc Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, WEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Thomas II. MacDonald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Cnuuncrrc, Washington, l>. C. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Lalior and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me. I. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Conqiany, Danville, III. Harry M. Moses, President, Bituminous Coal 0|icrn!nrs' Association, Washington, D. G D. E. Mumford, Superintendent of Safety, New York Central Sys tem, New York, N. Y. IIali.ie L. Myers, Superintendent of Transportation, Indianapolis Railways, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Harry E. Neal, Chief Engineer, Division of Traffic and Safety, Ohio Department of Highways, Columbus, Ohio. Guv L. Noiii.f, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. Henry E. North, Vice-President, Mclro|iolitnn Life Insurance Com pany, San Francisco, Cal. Clifton W. Piiai.en, Vice-President, Personnel Relations, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Resigned, Octolicr 9, 1051. V National Safety Council i i f'l't-*., Annual Counci ww ii* *** 000310 Ijl * . . 1, rA " Wallace B. Phillies, President, Pyrene Manufacturing Company, Newark, N. J. Harry M. Pontious, Director of Safety, Farm Bureau Mutual Auto mobile Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio. Gwii.ym A. Price, President, Wcstinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Harry Read, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-Treasurer, Con gress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. W. A. Roberts, President, Allis-Gialmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Executive Vice-President, OwcnsCorning Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo, Ohio. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety & Welfare, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn. Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Services, Industrial Relations, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich. Dr. K. Frances Scott, Associate Professor of Hygiene, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Charles B. Shuman, President, Illinois Agricultural Association, Chicago, III. Honorable Lee E. Skeel, Chief Justice, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth Appellate District, Cleveland, Ohio. Robert R. Snodgrass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Company, Atlanta, Ga. R. T. Soi.ensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, . III. Dr. If. J. Stack, Director, Center for Safely Education, New York, N. Y. W. A. Stewart, President, American Optical Company, Southbridgc, Mass. Paul F. Strickek, Executive Vice-President, Greater New York Safety Council, New York, N. Y. Dr. John W. Stubebaker, Vice-President and Oiairman of the Edi torial Board, Scholastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. J. E. Trainer, Vice-President anil Production,Manager, The Fire stone Tire & Rubticr Company, Akron, Ohio. Miss Judith Waller, Director of Public Affairs and Education, Na tional Broadcasting Company, Inc., Chicago, 111. Dr. George M. Wheatley, Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. W. O. Wilson, Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. (Iud.), Chi cago, III. Dwight W. Winkki.man, President, D. W. Winkchuau Company, Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. William P. Yant, Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co., John T. Ryan Memorial Laboratory, Pitts burgh, Pa. Harold C. Zui.auf, Ilaslings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10 Minutes The 1951 Annual Council Meeting of the for a llircc-ycar term: Melvin II. Baker, National Safety Council was held in the Cason J. Callaway, Clco F. Craig, Frederick Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hotel, on C. Crawford, Richard R. Dcuprcc, Gustav October 8, with Mr. Ned H. Dearborn, Mclzman, Benjamin O'Shea, Thomas I. President, presiding. Parkinson, Dr. John F. Thompson, C. E. Following the singing of tlie National Anhem, the invocation was offered by tiie Reverend Kenneth N. Hildebrand, Minister >1 the Central Church of Chicago. After appropriate opening remarks, Presifent Dearborn turned over the chairmanthip of the meeting to Mr. Oiarlcs R. Cox, President of the Kcnnccott Copper Corporalion, and Oiairman of the Board of Di rectors of the National Safety Council. Wilson, and Cliarlcs Deere Wiman. (Sec retary's Note: A complete list of the Trus tees, including those nominated and elected at this meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections, is given on pages 6 and 7 of this volume.) Mr. Jacohy presented nominations for Di rectors, to be elected for a term of one-year. (Secretary's Note: A list of the new Board of Directors, as nominated and elected at this meeting, will be found on pages 8, 9 and After a brief but sincere expression of 10 of tins volume.) fundamental interest in llic Council and safety movement, Mr. Cox proceeded Mr. Jacoby presented nominations for Of Eh the business of the meeting by an ficers of tin. Council. In doing so, be nouncing a quorum present, in person or by stressed the Council's appreciation to four proxy. It was voted to dispense with the men who arc retiring from tlicir offices ibis calling of the role; also to dispense with year, namely. Dr. D. 11. Armstrong, VitcIhe reading of the minutes of the previous Prcsidcnt for Homes; Kenneth B. Column, Annual Meeting, the minutes having been Vice-President for Local Safety Organiza printed and circulated to the membership. tions; E. W. Kcmpton, Vice-President for Membership; and Dr. John W. Studelmker, Mr. Cox called for the report of the Vice-President lor Sclmols and Colleges. Nominating Committee, which consisted of (Secretary's Note: A list of the Offiec-s the following members: George A. Jacoby, nominated and elected at this meeting will Chairman; Lawrence E. Dickson j Waller be found on page 5 of this volume.) G. Lcggc; Miss Marion E. Martin; Guy L. Noble; Robert T. Ross; ami W. A, Stewart. Tlicre were no nominations except tlmse presented by Mr. Jacohy, and Mr. Cox Mr. Jacoby rcimrtcd in behalf of the announced that the entire proxy vote, num Nominating Committee, pointing out that the bering 10,781, was cast in favor of the Constitution authorizes the committee to nominees proposed by the Nominating Com name candidates for election to the Trustees, mittee. Those attending the meeting also |o the Board of Directors, and to all Offices voted without dissent in favor of the nom [xcept the office of Executive Vicc-Prcsi- inations presented. Jcnt. The selections of the committee, Mr. Jacoby stated, were reported to llic Sccrclary of llic Council more than 75 days liclore this meeting, and were announced to ill memlicrs of the Council on August 24, 951. Mr. Cox referred to the Imoklel "The Fight for Life," which had lieen distributed to those attending the meeting. The booklet crBitaiucd a summary of Council activities during the past year. Announcement was also made that the 1952 National Safety Mr. Jacoby then presented as nominees Congress would be held in Chicago Oc- or Trustees of the Council, to lie elected tolier 20-24. ( Officers of the national Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE E. HUM PHREY, Safety Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors Cnr]>ornfinn, r\nlrJl lltrlt AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE Health Maintenance Committee--Chairman: FRANK A. PATTY, Industrial Hygiene Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; O. C. BOILEAU, Manager, SHOP SECTION Health and Insurance Section, RCA Victor Division, Radio Corp. of America, Cam den, N. J.; LESTER V. CRALLKY, Industrial Hygienist, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. G. HAZARD, Industrial Hygienist, Owens-Illinois h NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1*51-52 General Chairman--I'. II. HUMPHREYS, Manager, Property Dc|iartmcnt, American Car 8: Foundry Company, New York, N. Y. Pice-Chairman--E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corpora ii rt tr I Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio.; N. V. HENDRICKS, Director, Industrial Hygiene Section, Medical Research Division, Standard Oil Development Company, Linden, N. J.; E A. IRVIN, M.D., Medical Director, Cadillac Motor tar Division, General Motors Corporation, lJctroit, Midi.; W. W. JOCZ, M.D., Assistant Medical Dim-tor, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; JOHN L1SKOW, Chief Engineer, Dust Control Division, American Air Filler Co., Inc., First & Central Avenues, Louisville, Ky.; E L. WALSH, M.D., Assistant Medical Director, International Harvester Co., Chi cago, III. tion, Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary--EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager Safely & Medical Service. Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo. B Membership Committee--Chairman: G. A. SNYDER, Supervisor, Safety & Sanitation, Allis Chalmers Manufacturing Company, LaPortc, Ind.; W. E. GRUBER, Assistant Chief Safety Engineer, Staudard Accident Insurance Company, Detroit, Mich.; PAUL F. BUNGER, Safety Director, Frigidairc Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Program Chairman--FRIG) G. YELTON, Director of Safety, Dclro Remy Division, General Motors Corporation, Anderson, 1ml. engineering Methods &r Procedures Committer--Chairman: C. J. PETERSON, Safety Su|iervisor, Plymouth Motors Division, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich; W. J. WALLS, Safety Director, Burroughs Adding Machine Company, Detroit, Mich.; M. F. BIANCARDI, Manager, Health & Safely Department, Allis Chalmers Mfg. Company, Mil Ohio; JAMES A. DOWNEY, Jr., Director, Personnel & Safely, Sfoss-Shcllichl Steel & Iron Company, Birmingham, Ala.; LEIGH GREENE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, Charles City, la.; KENNETH S. HEDGES, Assoc. Safety Direc tor, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; ARNOLD J. SC.IHLK, Safely Direc I? tor, McCord Corporation, Detroit, Mich. V Staff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council. Chicago. waukee, Wis.; WALTER HAAG, Safety Supervisor, Serve!, luc., Evansville, fnd.; R. D. HARVEY, Safety Engineer, The Murray Corporation of America, Detroit, Mich.; DAVID T. MOULD, Safely Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; B. J, PKOVOLNY, Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General Motors Corporation, Wayne, Mich.; EDGAR O. I'RANGE, Safely Director, Hendix Products Division, Uendix Aviation Corporation, South Bend, Ind.; EDWARD D. RAIIDE, Supervisor of Safety, Wcstiughousc Air Brake Company, Air Brake Division, Wilmcrdiug, Pa.; WILLIAM S. SMITH, Director of Safety, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; GERALD C. SQUIER, Assistant Safely Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Education and Training Committee--Chairman: H. M. HUNTINGTON, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, 111.; News Letter Editor: JOHN E. KANE, Supervisor of Safely, Tcrustcdl Division, General Motors Corp., Trenton, N. J.; F. W. FISKE, Safety Director, The Brcvvcr-Titchcncr Corporation, Cortland, N. Y.; C. C. DRAKE Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, South Bend, Ind.; S. B. HOPPING, Assistant Manager, Safety & Claims, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y.; A. N. CHAPMAN, Safety Supervisor, Pratt-Whitney Aircraft Division, United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn.; E. 1. JACOBY, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Refrig eration Division, Evansville, lud.; WILLARD A. KERR, Assoc. Professor of Psy chology, Illinois lustilute of Technology, Chicago, III.; PAUL KRAMOS, Chief Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo.; T. R. LEADHEATER, Safety Director, Ford Instrument Company, Division-Si>crry Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.; F. B. McNAMEE Safety Director, Clayton & Lambert Manufactoring Company, Louisville, Ky.; WM. J. NEIDERAUER, Safety Director, Otis . Elevator O ny, New York, N. Y,; W, F. SHERMAN, Training Ilirvetor, Inter* { |. 1. IS f Cement and Quarry Industries I Officers of the mdcr (lie shade of a convenient elin tree, n any event, it should be appropriate, and Inc consideration should be given to the ype of instruction which is to be given nid the comfort of the employees. As ! mentioned a few minutes ago, some bought should certainly lie given to the tucstion of who needs training. A certain icrcentage of your employees can be de luded upon to show up for work day after lay and month after month. Perhaps this >s SO per cent and perhaps it is 90 per cent. The remaining 10 per cent or 50 per cent arc the drifters down to a warmer climate ivhtn the wind starts getting cold. Any raining program must be flexible enough to include both of these groups and to keep , CEMENT AND QUARRY SECTIONboth of them interested. The job is not' a simple otic, but it is not impossible either, '! ^a ~ ' Very liiisttislev tthuatut i*s9 niicewn cvaini buec smaiiud omni *? ' the subject of training programs. The basic J NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 principles have existed for years, and the programs which have followed these prin ciples have been successful. The failures General Chairman-- MCA P. WARNER, .IR., Warner Company, Philadelphia, Pa. have resulted when these principles were ignored. The safety engineer or safety di Vice-Chairman--M. C. M. POLLARD, National Gypsum Coni|iany, IhilTaln, N. Y. rector has available all the necessary tools and materials to solve this problem as well `Secretary--KKNT JANDEK, National Lime Association, Washington, I). C. as nearly all the others which lie may en P News Letter Editor--SEYMOUR II. FLEMING, New York Trap Rock Corporation, counter. The wise safety man will avail himself of these tools which, if used prop-' p _ Newburgh, N. Y. crly, will assure him of success in his work. Engineering Committee Chairman--L. D. COWLING, Louisville Cement Corporation, Speed, Ind. Membership Committee Clmirman--T. W. JONHS, New Haven Trap Rock Company, S/I . New Haven, Conn. J JProgram Committee Chairman--HARVEY F. YOTTER, The General Crushed Stone 51 ; Company, Easton, Pa. . * ,Statistics Committee Chairman--FORREST T. MOYER, U. S. Ilureau of Mines, Wash- f.. ington, D. C. Visual Aid Committee Chairman--H. G. COLLINS, Lehigh Portland Cement Company, 5 Allentown, Pa. : .. Members-al-Large--V. P. AN EARN, National Sand Sr Gravel Association, Washington, D. C.j E. W. IIAUMAN, National Slag Association, Washington, I). C. j J. R. BOYD, 1 National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C; *!'. J. IIUHEINGTON, New ' t. York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y.; *1\ N. HUSH NELL, Univer- v sal Atlas Cement Company, New York, N. Y.; R. 1C. COPELAND, National Con? crele Masonry Association, Chicago, III.; A. J. R. CURTIS, Portland Cement AssociaV lion, Chicago, 111.; F. R. DITTO!?, The Kelley Island Lime Si Transport Company, 'i.`' Cleveland, Ohio; *0. M. Graves, The General Crushed Slone Company, Easton, Pa.; * C A. GUSTAFSON, The Callanan Road Improvetncnt Cnm|iauy, South Rethleliem, { N. Y.; A. HERZOG, Keystone Sand and Gravel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; IVAN ! LeGORE, Portland Cement Association, Chfeago, III.; JOHN MATHER, Lone Star S; Cement Corjioration, New York, N. -.y^; ;#JOHAN NORV1G, Pennsylvania Dixie | Cement Corporation, Nazareth, Pa.; WALTER J. SCAH1LL, Missouri Portland >' Cement Company, St. Louis, Mo.; LOYD YEAGER, Gypsum Association, Chicago, l III.; W. E. WING, Marblehead Lime Company, Chicago, III. Staff Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Conn Past General Chairman. 23 Wicers of the $ \ Statistics and Contest Committee--M. A. SNELL (Chairman), Hartford Accident and ) !. Indemnity Co, Hartford, Conn.; G. C. HENDERSON, Carbide ft Carlmn Chemicals CHEMICAL SECTION Corp, Paducah, Ky. Fertiliser Industry Committee--.1. S. FIELDS (Chairman), Phillips Chemical Co, Bar NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL I9S1-S2 tlesville. Okla.; .1. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburgh, Kas.; VERNON S. GORNTO. Smith-Dauglass Co, Inc, Norfolk, Va. "f'at Chairman--J. R. BOLLMAN, The Procter ft Gamble Co., Ivorydalc, Cincin nati, Ohio. ce-Chmrman in Charge of Program--J. E. NICHOLS, Reynolds Metals Co., Rich*, nitmd, Va. cretary--E. J. MEYERS, Safety ft Fire Protection Div, E. I. du Pont de Nemours, ft Co, Inc, Wilmington, Del. Advisory Committee--R. II. ALBISSER, Merck ft Co, Rahway, N. J.j A. I, COBB, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; R. O. KEEFER, Aluminum Co. of America, .Pittsburgh, I'a.; S. M. MacCUTCHEON, The Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Mich.; H. L"MINER, Philadelphia. Pa.; COL. R. C. STRATTON, The Travelers Insur ance Gnupauies, Hartford, Conn. "j Staff Reptesentali >e--FLOYD A. VAN ATTA, National Safely Council, Chicago. f} ivs I.eller Committee--G. L. GORBELL (Chairman), Monsanto Gicmical Co, St. Louis, Mo.; V. R. CROSWELL, Hercules Powder Co, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; C. A. ' ^ N.l ' HEBERT, Ethyl Corp, Baton Rouge, La.; ANDREW RITTER, Hercules Experi- . mental Station, Wilmington, Del.; S. F. SPENCE, American Cyannmid Co, New; York, N. Y. fk igineering Committee--E. G. MEITER (Chairman), Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, Wis.; P. G LAMB, Lever Brothers Co, New York, N. Y.; D. O. MASON, Gen eral Chemical Div, Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp, New York, N. Y.; H. F. REIN- . HARD, Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; J. J. WHALEN, Solvay Process Div, Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp, Solvay, New York. iWic Relationt Committee--K. R. WALLACE (Chairman), Eastman Kodak Co, Roch ester, N. Y.; R. G. WHEELDON, The Drackctt Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. du Sheet and Inslrurtian Card Committee--R. S. MACKIE (Chairman), General Electric Co, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio; G. R. CUMMINGS, Eli Lilly ft Co, Indianapolis, Ind.; FRANK GAUGUSH, Sherwin-Williams Co, Chicago, III.; ROB ERT L. HOUTZ, Post Safety OlHccr, Army Chemical Center, Md.; J, A. TARDIFF, Hooker Electrochemical Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. rnllh Committee--S. W. GURNEY (Chairman), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass.; R. L. ALLINSON, Texas Div, The Dow Chemical Co, Freeport, Texas; MERKIL EISENBUD, Dir. of Health ft Safety Div, Atomic Energy Commission, Ansonia Station, New York, N. Y.; DR. LEONARD GREENBURG, Div. of Industrial Hygiene ft Safety Standards, Stale of New York, Dept, of Labor, New York, N. Y.; T. \V. NALE, M. D, Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; II. H. SCHRENK, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pa. ruihershif Committee--W. W. FLANAGAN (Chairman), Atlas Powder Co, Wil mington, Del.; J. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburg, Kas.; S. D. SALTONSTALL, Celanese Corp. of America, Bishop, Texas. tslrr and Ritual Aids Committee--II. H. FAWCETT (Chairman), Research Laboratory, General Electric Co, Schenectady, N. Y.; D. W. GIBSON, Safety Supvr, Pittsburgh Flate Glass Co, Columbia Chemical Div, Barberton, Ohio. 0CCS1-3 62 63 It . I ( 44 Coal Mining Industry * post about 25 feet from the (ace with the flattened discharge nozzle pointing toward the (ace. When the shotfircr has connected tlie wiring of hit shots he turns the water and compressed air into the gun and regu lates each until the discharge is in the form of a mist. He then goes to a safe place and (ires the shots, and it has been found that he and the rest of the face crew can return to the face immediately, so that not more than five minutes are lost by waiting for the place to dear of smoke and fumes. Alraut 12 pounds of powder is used per round of 8 shots. The device uses surpris ingly little water. A test we made in the shops yesterday indicated only about 2 gal lons per minute. "The device used here seems to have leen developed about 20 years ago by our present State Mine Inspector W. J. Evans at the Carbonado Mine of the Pacific Coast Coal Co., but was apparently not used ex tensively for a number of yean. We have been using it about two years now, "Tlicre is a good description on page 114 of the August, 1948 issue of Coal Agt of an identical device used by the Hudson Coat Co. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Also, of a much larger device used by the Walsh Con struction Company in extensive rock tunnel work on the Delaware Aqueduct water sys tem for New York City, as described on page 6224 of the August, and page 6230 of the September, 1940, issues of Compressed Air Magazine, from all of which it would seem that you should be able to effect im provements by the use of mist-sprays in the working faces of your Potash Mines," Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment By JAMES WESTFIELD Chief, Accident Prevention and Health Division, Region VIII, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Drillings (or roof boiling have created a urw dust problem for the coal-mining in dustry. Drilling is inherently dusty, and control of the dust produced by drilling vertical, or nearly vertical holes is niucli more difficult than control of that produced by drilling flat or down holes. Moreover, the dust produced by roof drilling differs in composition from that produced by drill ing or cutting the coal face, in that it contains a significantly greater amount of free silica and therefore presents a greater potential hazard of causing the lung disease, silicosis. Roof bolting has been practiced success fully in the mines of the St. Joseph Lead Co. in southeastern Missouri for over 20 years, but it was not until 1947 and 1948 that large-scale roof-bolting experiments were first conducted in coal mines. Although the need for dust control in conjunction with roof drilling was recognized from the beginning, the development and acceptance of roof bolting progressed so rapidly during 1949 and 1950 t solution of the dust problem lagged Irahitid other engineering phases of the technique. The roof generally is Itolled where the immediate roof is soft and in many instances where the roof trails can lie smurtl (unity into a harder or more substantial formation above. The types of strata found in drilling a roof are coal, shale, sandstone, limestone, and all the impure and intermediate varia tions of these materials. A comprehensive study of the geologic sections of the immediate roof of mines in Region VIII of the Bureau of Mines, where roof-bolting studies are in progress, reveals that 67.7 per cent of the footage of all the holes drilled for roof bolts is in shale, 2.1.4 per cent is in sandstone and sandy shale, 7.1 per cent is in coal and coaly shale, and 1.8 per cent is in limestone. Shale consists chiefly of kaolin, musco vite, and quartz, with small amounts of many other minerals. Sandstone consists principally of quartz, with a cementing material of silica, calcilc, or limonitc. A 000G1-1 Roof Drilling with Dust Hi/menl 45 limestone consists chiefly of ralcile, with drij varying amounts of quartz. Even the coal lest f71*lnt, hut not signifiesntfk. re^-VH!ea tzmleot of lira mai may contain a small percentage of quartz. rial drilled. Thus, quartz is present in significant These results, though too limited to Ira amounts in about 91 per cent of all the conclusive, give some justification for using rock drilling for roof bolting. the analysis of the source material in evalu The frcc-silica content of a mineral ma ating the dust hazard, particularly since the terial (quartz is the most abundant form error, if any, is oil the side of safety. It of free silica) is determined most accurately may l>e pointed out also that Industrial Code by the X-ray diffraction method, which is 33 of the Stale of New York, Control of based n|M>o the specific diffractive properties Silica Dust in Rock Drilling, bases its defi of crystalline substances. This method re nition of "injurious silica-dust concentra quires only a small sample, and the small tion" u|Hih analysis of the source material size of industrial dusts docs not affect the drilled. results adversely. Determination of free silica by this method was developed in part in the Rtircau of Mines, where it is now used for quantitative analysis of samples of rock, rock dust, drill cuttings, and air-borne dust. Any dust breathed in large quantities over a long period can impair the health of a worker, and silica is recognized as definitely harmful when inhaled into the lungs. Coal dust is less harmful but should not be con sidered completely harmless. The frcc-silica content of the roof strata of 51 coal mines has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis from roof rock, drill cuttings, and midget-impinger samples of air-borne dust collected in mines in nine Eastern States. The average frcc-silica content of 80 The hazard of exposure to silica-lustring dust is commonly gaged by the number of dust particles found in a unit volume of air and the frcc-silica content of the dust. Limits for occupational exposure expressed in such terms have Iracn suggested by evalu ation of the results of numerous clinical samples from these mines is 3) per cent, and it ranges from seven to 88 per cent. The frcc-silica content of the roof strata of 43 of the mines classified as having shale roof averages 26.5 |icr cent and ranges from seven to 62 per cent. The free-silira content of the roof strata of eight of the mines classified as having sandstone roof averages 55 |icr cent and ranges from 31 to RR per cent. These results show that wide variation may exist in the composition of various roof strata ami that the content of free silica encountered in drilling a shale roof may equal or exceed that found in drilling a' so-called sandstone roof. Although the composition of a mineral source material may not Ire considered an exact index of the composition of air-borne dust produced by mechanical disintegration of the material, some evidence on this sub ject is available. Unpublished data de veloped by the Bureau of Mines indicate that the quartz content of air-lrarnc dust decreases as the time of settling increases, and direct comparison or analyses available in the Health Branch of the Bureau of Koines also indicates that the* frcc-silica and engineering studies. The Bureau of Mines has made the fol lowing tentative treommcudnlious no allow able hmils of air dustiness: "In bituminous and lignite mines, the average full-shift ennccnlrntinn of atmos pheric dust to which a workman may Ira ex|Hised should not exceed .1(1 million |iartides |hi cubic (not of air, and a maximum cnucrutratiou for any single operation should not exceed 40 million particles of dust tier cubic foot of air. When the dust con tains silica, not more than five million par ticles of silica dust per cubic foot of air should Ira present in the alrave limiting concentrations. "The dust count may Ira multiplied by the percentage of silica concentration, ami if the result is less than five million the dust coiiertitration will be considered safe. The almvc limiting concentrations are based on impingcr samples in which light-field counts are made under a microseo|ic." To maintain these standards a dust con centration higher than 18.9 million particles |icr cubic foot of air would not Ira allowable when the average shale roof is drilled, and intent of the nir-bornc dust produced by a dust concentration higher lit--- 9.1 million i 16 Coal Mining Industry voiild not be allowable when the average antistone roof is drilled. A dust coneenration no higher than 5.7 million would be equired in some instances. Table I lists the types of drilling equipnent used for roof drilling, the numlier of nines using each type, and the number of nines using or not using a dust-control netliod with each type. It can be seen that it 71.1 per cent of (he mines roof is drilled villi no dust-control equipment; contrary 0 the Bureau of Mines recommendation list "a dust respirator is not to be used as 1 permanent substitute for dust-control neasures," reliance is placed upon the proection offered by respirators. Table I.--Roof-Dritltnft Duit-Conlrol Pucttce, All Coal Mines, Region VIII Drilling Equipment Number Method Method Pneumatic percussion........ Electric rotary ................. Hydraulic roUty ............. ......579 Pneumatic percussion and electric rotary ............. ... 6 Pneumatic percussion and hydraulic rotary .......... 91 117 2 )> 51 Ij Total, all types............. Per cent, all types........ 102 2*1 2S.9 71.1 Table 2 shows what dust-control methods ire used in conjunction with imciimnlic per cussion, electric rotary, and hydraulic rotary drills. Note that the applications of dust collectors out numlier the applications of walcr. Table 2.--Durt-Control Method and Application to Drilling Equipment, All Coal Miner. Region VIII Drilling Equipment Pneumatic Juil-CTnttot method __________________________ percussion Sppllcatlon of water......................................................... 4$ Tug collector .................................................... -foee .......................................................................... ... 51 Electric rotary -- 7 Hydraulic rotary j I 8' Totals Number Pet cent 49 13.5 59 16.3 255 70.2 rotil application! ................................................................. Include! 10 mines using 2 types of drilling equipmecnt. 565 100.0 Dust concentrations recently observed in ive mines where stopper-ty|ie pneumatic bills are used without dust-control equipnent averaged 607 million particles per cubic oet of air and ranged from 51 to 1,194 nillion particles per cubic foot. In six nines where electric rotary drills were used vithout dust-control cqui|>mcut, the dust miecnlration averaged 3U million particles mr cubic foot and ranged from 10 to 1,185 nillion particles per cubic foot. The tlnst concentrations cited are indicaivc of the dust exposure of the driller but vere obtained under such variable condiions that they should not lie used for direct omparison. For instance, the averages inlicatc that pneumatic drilling produces twice is much dust as electric rotary drilling; icliially the ratio may be higher. Tlie ranges indicate that cither type of hill may produce dust concentrations higher ban one billion particles per cubic foot of nr. This amount of dust can pollute the iir to such an extent as to constitute a icfious menace to the health, not only of the Irillers, but of any persons working in the elurn air from the place where drilling is `icing done. Dust produced v roof drilling must be arrested or collected at its source if it is to lie controlled adequately. This can lie done by walcr or a dust collector. Walcr can lie used effectively with pneumatic per cussion or hydraulic rotary drills. Dust collectors can lie adapted to any type of drilling equipment. Introduction of water to the Ivotlotn of the hole through the drill sled when drilling is done with pneumatic percussion drills has liecn accepted as standard practice in metal ni'nics. This practice is applicable to roof drilling and complies with the Federal Mine Safety Code requirements. Success ful control hy this method depends mainly upon maintaining the How of enough water through the drill, using water continuously during the drilling period, 'and providing l>ositivc ventilation as needed. High dust concentrations can result if too little water is used, especially when vertical holes arc drilled with a stopcr-lypc drill. It is advisable to maintain adequate water pressure so that a full How of water can lie realized. Collaring dry--that is, drilling the first few inches of hole lie fore opening water valve--can also cause high dust con centration^ and should not be allowed. During recently observed roof drilling Roof Drilling with Du.tl-Conh OOGo L5 uifiment 47 with a wet stoper drill, dust concentrations averaged 13.3 million particles per cubic foot of air and doubtless would have been lower had not all the holes been collared dry, as conditions for maintaining low dust concentrations otherwise were excellent. Wet drilling must lie supplemented hy ventila tion to obtain the desired coutrol, ns tltc water docs not arrest the dust completely. Other oindilions licing favorable, normal ventilating currents should prove adequate lint will have to lie directed to the drilling operation. The most frequent objection to wet, pneu matic percussion drilling is that it is a dis agreeable task. The splashing of the water anil drill cuttings and the wetness underfoot are particularly objectionable to the driller when the headroom is limited, as in many coal mines. Various hydraulic rotary drills have been tlevelo|ied, and the use of water to control the dust rc|>orlcdly has been successfully applied to them. The Bureau of Mines lias not ns yet bad opiKirlunily to observe (lie results obtained. The need for a water-distribution system or the use of inconvenient pressure tanks, die adverse effect upon some mini' roof and dour, amt the difficulty of using water with electric drills are other farlors that limit the use of water to allay drilling dusts. Results of tests conducted with welting agents, foam, and various types of water sprays, all with the ho|>c rtf minimizing these factors, have liecn unfavorable. Satis factory equipment for producing and apply ing foam lias not been developed; water sprays have proved incdicicnt, and thus far the performance of wetting agents lias not justified (heir use. The operating principle of most dust col lectors is application of exhaust ventilation near the source of the dust. Numerous dustcontrol systems based iqion this principle liave been devised for controlling dust pro duced by all tyjics ol pneumatic rork drills. Some of llicsc have dcumnslralcd that, by |iro|icr application of this principle, suc cessful results eould lie obtained, even under tlie most difficult conditions. Regardless of results, unfavorable operaling features re stricted their complete development. .With tlie advent of roof drilling, the |mssibitily that their use here might overcome ' ' serious objections to wet drilling and the (ac^K&iftfcy vycrc. applicable to electric ~ rotary - tlren* ftuUtce . development. To meet this need, several tyiies of dust collectors now have been made available commercially, and others have been devclo|icd and used locally. lit 1950, tlie Bureau of Mines inaugurated a program at the Experimental Mine, Bruceton, I'a., for testing dust-collecting devices ilevelo|teil commercially for application to roof drilling in coal mines. The reasons for conducting these tests were to assist the designers of the equipment hy evaluating the effectiveness of the devices under con trolled test conditions ami to enable the Bureau of Mines to obtain information on dissemination of dust during roof drilling, and on methods of controlling it, that will lie liencricial to the mining industry. Under this program, performance tests were conducted for six different types of ilnst-collccting systems. Each design has in cluded a collecting head, an exhaust ventilat ing system, and means for removing thr entrained dust load from the air passing through die svslcm licfore releasing il In the mine atmosphere. The design of the hood is most iui|Hirtanl liecansr il affects the dust-collecting effi ciency dirvelty and dictates t4tc performance, required of tlie oilier parts of the collvrlor. Drilling in bard roof produces fine, readily transported |iarticlcs, whereas drilling in soft roof, such as occurs atiove tlie I'iltsIntrgli scam, produces large, scalelike par ticles that lend to plug a dust collerlor un less it is designed to accommodate llici:' transport. The collectors apparently moi` successful have overcome this difficulty by avoiding restrictions and using the effect of gravity to full advantage in moving tlie drill cuttings front the hole. The provisions for a light seal where the drill steel passes through the hood arc more critical than the provision for a seal where the hood contacts the roof. Unfa vorable results caused hy. an ineffective drill-rod seal cannot lie overcome hy any reasonable amount of exhaust ventilation. Killirr positive pressure exhausters or air injectors can provide an adequate rale of exhaust ventilation if the previously men tioned difficulties are avoided. Removal of the dust load from air pass ing through die system has liecn mi prob lem, being arcoinplislied cither -- gravity f. Coal Mining Industry 'ration of (lie large particles and mc- Mines recognizes the situation of an oper lical filtration of tlie fine particles or, ator thus cited and suggests that he app^i e simply, by mechanical filtration alone. j collectors have been designed for rcing the dust load by a washing action. 'o attempt has been made to evaluate the ures of the various collectors other than r collecting efficiencies. It is obvious size, weight, and portability should lie ni more consideration. It is noteworthy from the citation to the Joint Industry Safety Committee. Acceptable dry-dust collectors have been developed, and the Bureau of Mines has proposed to the Joint Industry Safety Com mittee a revision of Article IX, Section lb, to permit the use of dry-dust collectors with pneumatic drills. one of the most successful dust col ors is so compact that one man alone move it about and set it up with case, Article XI, Section 7g, of the code slates that men cx|ioscd to gas, dust, fume, and mist inhalation for short periods shall wear lie results of some performance tests permissible respiratory equipment. Rock e shown that it is- possible to reduce drilling, other than roof drilling, has been f-driiiing dust concentrations to five excepted from dust-control provisions, in ion particles per cubic foot of air with many instances, under this section. -dust collectors and that a dust collector perform satisfactorily with either pneuic percussion or electric rotary drills. 'll* favorable results obtained under see test conditions indicate that dust proed by pneumatic roof drilling can be trolled more effectively by the use of an dent dry dust collector than by the apation of water. A comprehensive study of the airborne dust resulting from rock drilling in Coal mines has been undertaken by the Bureau of Mines; and data obtained from this survey indicate that, in some instances, rock drillers and other workmen are being ex posed to injurious concentrations of dusL The application of dust control to roof drill ing will stimulate the application of dust 'lie performance tests are not to be con- control to oilier rock-drilling tasks. Rock led as approval tests, such as are con- drilling without dust control cannot be jus icd by the Bureau of Mines on other tified if and when suitable control methods es of equipment under provisions of ap- can be applied. priate published schedules. Such a schcdcstablishing permissibility tests, is being Summary pared and upon completion will allow 1. In Region VIII, 353 coal mines are Bureau of Mines to grant formal ap- using roof bolting, and 63 million square val to equipment passing the prescribed feet of roof area arc being sup|>ortcd by s. Approval-schedule procedure tests roof bolts. e demonstrated the ability of dry-dusteding equipment to control dust in acdance with the tentative Bureau of Minef ummendations previously discussed. Vrlicte IX, Section lb, of the Federal ie Safety Code it specific in requiring use of water for controlling dust where f or other rock is being drilled with ettssion drills. This precludes the use of -dust collectors, successfully or ollicr- and the federal coal-mine inspector no alternative but to cite a violation the code where this practice is observed, he citation is not capitalized, as norily would be done when a serious haz- to health exists, if, in the insfiector's 2. The roof strata drilled for roof liolting contain significant amounts of free silica. The samples taken from 51 mines in Region VIII show that the frce-silica content av erages 31 per cent. 3. Roof drilling without provisions for dust control results in a serious health haz ard, as drillers and other workmen in the return air from the place where drilling is being done arc exposed to dangerously high concentrations of silica-licaring dusts. 4. Dust-control methods arc not used in conjunction with roof drilling at 71 |icr cent of all the mines in Region VIII where roof bolting is being practiced. nion, the dust collector is doing a good "5. Wet pneumatic roof drilling, if prop . Statements of the facts of the case are erly conducted, results in favorable dust luded in the report under the heading concentrations, but it can affect the mine encral Informnli' " The Bureau of roof and floor adversely, is a disagreeable Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment 49 task (particularly in low coal), and re quires a water-distribution system or use of pressure tanks. 6. The development of dust collectors lias been stimulated by the need dor over coming the objectionable features that ac company wet pneumatic roof drilling and by the fact that they can be adapted to electric rotary drills. 7. The Bureau of Mines inaugurated a program for testing the efficiency of dustcollecting devices developed commercially for application to roof drilling in coal mines, and the test work proved that the principles applied in these dust collectors are adequate. 8. In inspecting mines the federal in spector is forced to cite a violation of the Federal Mine Safety Code when roof drill ing is done with a pneumatic drill.-even if a dry-dust collector is used successfully; as a result, the Bureau of Mines has asked the Joint Industry Safety Committee to re vise the code to permit use of dry-dust col lectors in connection with roof drilling. 9. Control of the dust produced by roof drilling is difficult but must be accomplished. The effort being cx|icndcd toward pro|icr application of wet methods and newly de veloped supplementary devices should re sult in a high degree of success. 10. Rock drilling other than roof drill ing has lccu excepted from dust-control provisions in many instances by the Federal Mine Safety Code. This exception has re sulted in rock drillers and other workmen being exposed to injurious concentrations of dust. Development and application of dust control to roof drilling will stimulate appicalion of dust control to other rock drilling tasks. Rock drilling without dust control cannot lie justified if and when suitable control methods can be applied. ( Officers of the COAL MINING SECTIQj NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-1 General Chairman Emeritus--ARTHUR BRADBURY, Inland Steel Company, wright, Ky. , General Chairman--STANLEY H. MOONEY, Woodward Iron Company, Woodward, Secretary--H. F. WEAVER, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C Vint Vice-Chairman--J. V. BERRY, Bethlehem Collieries Corporation, Johnstown, > Second Vice-Chairman--JOHN M. REID, Hudson Coal Co., Scranton, Pa. Visual Aids Committee--F. J. FORESMAN (Chairman), The Pittsburg A- Midway Coal iUMining Company, Pittsburg, Kans.; R. M. MONTEITH, Weirtou Coal Company, gyiabella. Pa.; F. J. PETERNELL, Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, Wyo. 'ram Committee--J. J. FORBES, (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, ' C; W. D. NORTHOVER, Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company, Indiana, Pa.; , J, ANKENNY, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. umbership Committee--GEORGE H. DEIKE (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances ^Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. H. REITZ, Republic Steel Corporation, Uniontown, IJa.; FFRED W. WISE, North Western Mining and Exchange Company, Du Bois, l'a.; gC.F. HERBERT, Bituminous Casualty Corporation, Rock Island, III. uRicity Committee--IVAN A. GIVEN (Chairman), Coal Age, New York, N. Y.; G: O. ARNOLD, Phelps Dodge Corporation, Stag Canon Branch, Dawson, N. M.; GEORGE C. LINDSAY, Mechanization, Washington, D. C; P, D. McMURER, Unertcan Mining Congress, Washington, D. C. , [ Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Labor Representatives--C. F. DAVIS, United Mine Workers of America, Washin D. C.; AUGUST J. LIPPI, United Mine Workers of America, District No. I, M! Building, Scranton, Pa.: C. E. JONES, United Mine Workers of America, District, Beckley, W. Va. > 'l Mine Operators' Representatives--E. F. LIMERICK, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal |iany, Fairmont, W. Va.; G. H. SAM BROOK, H. C. Frick Coke Company, F' Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; JOHN M. REID, The Hudson Coal Company, Scranton, Pt Coal Associations--EARL R. MAIZE, National Coal Association, Washington, D., U. S. Bureau of Mines Representatives--J. J. FORBES, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washing ton, D. C.; JAMES WESTFIELD, District A. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh,! Mine Inspectors' Institute of America Representatives--A. FINLEY HARPER, Guq. Safety and Health Division, Department of Industrial Relations of Alabama, Binning* ham, Ala.; A. D. SISK, Department of Mines It Minerals, State of Kentucky, Lo$ iuglon, Ky.; STEPHEN WILLIAMS, Division of Mines, State of Ohio, Columbus Ohio. ^ Stale Mine Inspectors' Representatives--THOMAS ALLEN, State luspcctor of Mines State House, Denver, Colo.; RICHARD MAIZE, State Secretary of Mines, Conn wealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, I'a.; WALTER EAD1E, Bureau of Mines, Spr* field, III. . Engineering Committee--R. D. CURRIE (Chairman), General Reinsurance Corporation Trucksville, Pa.; J. H. FORGIE, Armco Steel Corporation, Montcoal, W. Va.; M. FORESTER, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company, Koppers Building, Piltsbu Pa.; L. H. JOHNSON, Peabody Coal Company, Taylorville, III.; H. A. QUENO Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates, Grant Town, W. Va. -) Entertainment Committee--C. M. DONAHUE, Mine Safety Appliances Company, Pitts* burgh, Pa. 1 Poster Committee--W. I. SCHUSTER (Chairman), Hanna Coal Company, St. villc, Ohio; HARRY A. LE1D1CH, Philadelphia and Reading Coal & Iron Com Pottsville, Pa.; G. R. SPINDLKR, School of Mines, University of West Viri Morgantow W. Va. ,^ 0C0217 ; } *! *' rsv-.i1 Officers of the CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Honorary Life Member--SAMUEL R. BISHOP, New York, N. Y. General Chairman--11. W. RICHARDSON, Construction Methods and Equipment, Nr York, N. Y. Vice Chairman--GEORGE A. BEN1S11, Associated General Contractors of Amer' Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary--MISS OLIVE E. POTTER, Contractors and Engineers Monthly, N York. N. Y. Engineering Committee--F. II. MACK1E (Chairman), Manager, Construction Division Engineering Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Dd! JOSEPH A. DcLUCA, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Del JOHN D1C.GKS, Safely Director, Department of Subways and Superhighways, Ci of Chicago, Chicago, III.; VIRGIL E. GUNLOCK, Commission of Subways tid Suiierhighways, City of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; RAY II. 1IA1IN, Allegheny Asphifc and Paving Company, Inc., Piltslmrgh, Pa.; DANIEL HAYES, Atomic Energy Conmission, Washington, D. C.; O. LUPINSKI, Lupinski, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis; HAROLD E. SNEED. DcWall, Inc., Lancaster, Pa. Membership Committee--ROBERT L. MOORE (Chairman), Lumbermen's Mutual C-y ually Company, Chicago, 111.; II. 11. ALEXANDER, II. B. Alexander and Son, Int) Harrisburg, Pa.; C. II. BRONSON, National Constructors Association, New N. Y.; GEORGE COMBS, Michigan Chapter, Associated General Contractors.!! America, Lansing, Mich.; ROBERT M. EVENDEN, Safety Director, Guy F. AlMn son Company, South San Francisco, Calif.; FRED A. HORNSBY, Mine Safety A|> ptiauces Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLEMENT J. LUEPKE, T. II. Mastin Company, St. Louis, Mo.; JAMES M. SPROUSE, Associated General Contract of America, Washington, I). C. X. Program Committee--JEROME J. WILLIAMS (Chairman), Director of Safety, Mg rison-Knudsen Co., Boise, Ida.; R. J. IIENDERSHOTT (Assistant Chain Associated General Contractors of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; C. M. CAHI* Massman Construction Co., Kansas City, Mo.; KENNETH F. COUGHLIN, Ka City Bridge Co., Kansas City. Mo.; DALE MEDSHER, Area Supt., National S Corp., Atlanta, Ga.; W. T. ROGERS, Kbasco Services Inc., New York, N. Y. Publicity Committee--FRI%D A. HORNSBY (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD J. McKKEVER, Roads and Streets Chicago, III;* GEORGE ROBINSON, Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Jefferson ' Mo.; VINCENT B. SMITH, engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Publ" Co., Washington, D. C.; WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF, The Constructor, As General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C. Nett Iter Editor--JAMES A. S1IAW, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicag Members-al-Large--LLOYD A. BLANCHARD, Director, Rescue Service Division, Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C.; GERARD O. GRIFFIN, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; OTTO S. HOLMSKOG, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wausau, Wis.; MARRY J. KIRK, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C.; RAY J. REIGELUTII, New Haven Trap Rock Co, New Haven, Conn.; II. S. BENTON, Warren F. Bellows Construction Corp., Houston, Texas; C. H. BLACK, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass.; LEE DEARDORF, W. L. Johnson Construction Co., llicksvillc, Ohio; ROBERT HAL BERT, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, 111.; ROBERT L. JENKINS, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; N. B. O'CONNELL, Turner (.oustruction Company, Boston, Mass.; II. A. RADZIKOWSKI, Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. G; JOHN *' A. VOLPE, Volpe Construction Co., Malden, Mass.; S. D. WEBB, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DWIGHT W1NKELMAN, D. W. Wiiikclinan Co., Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Engineering Societies and National Association Representatives--(American Association "j of Stale Highway Officials) W. G. PRUETT, Director, Alabama State Highway Department, Montgomery, Ala.; (American Institute of Architects) CHARLES S. ' HAINES, Tarrytown, N. Y.; (American Society of Civil Engineers) ALFRED T. GLASSETT, W. J. Barney Corp., New York, N. Y.; (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) J. 1. BANASH, West Los Angeles, Calif.; (Power Crane j- and Shovel Association and Mixer Manufacturers Bureau) 1C. II. LIGHTEN BERG, Koehring Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative--HOWARD II. WAR/YN, National Saiely C<hiikiI. Chicago, ill. '& 000313 9 A Officers of the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMEN1 SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-5! Warner Corporation, Chicago, 111.; EARL E. GERHART, Ass't Safety Director, Frigidairc Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; MYIIRF.N I. (IJERDK, Safety ! Engineer, Thomas A. Edison, Inc., West Orange, N. J.; RUSSELL C. TIUUEI.L, Div. Safety Engineer, Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., Salem, Mass. Training lr Publications Committee--HAROLD C. STAN/.LER (Chairman), Personnel it', & Safety Director, Collyer Insulated Wire Company, Pawtucket, R. L; EDWARD g, GRAHAM, Lt. Col., USAF, llt|, Airways and Air Coinnutnicalions Service, MATS, 'Andrews AF Base, Washington. D. C.; OLIVER C. BOLIEAU, Mgr., Safety, Health r.^4 Insurance Section, Radio Corp. of America, RCA Victor Div., Camden, N. J.; j': J. MILLER, Safety Supvr., Allis-Chalmcr.s Company, Norwood, Ohio. oirmnM--CLIFTON N. FOGG, Safely mginccr, Simplex Wire b Cable Compaq Cambridge, Mass. ce-Chairman of Radio, Electronics & Lamps Division--J. J. LAWLER, Div. Safdj Engineer, Sylvania Eleclric Products Inc., Emporium, Pa. ce-Chairman of Heavy Apparatus Division--E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director ( Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. :e-Chairman of Appliance and Light Apparatus Division--FREDERIC T. CLARK^ Siipvr. of Employee Relations, Alkyd Resin Plant, Chemical Mat. Dept., Ge Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. '(-Chairman of Electrical Wire mid Cable Division--PETER CONTARDO, Saldj Director, John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. |Trade Associations Committee--JAMES A. EDMONDS (Chairman), Vicc-Prcs., Daniel Wondlicad Company, Chicago, III.; ALBERT A. RAPP, Snpvr. of Safely, Wcsting- C house Electric Corp., Lamp Div., Bloomfield, N. J.; R. R. CORNISII, Director, RcEj'.icarch ft: Education, National Electrical Contractors Association, Washington, D. C.; fc'CHARLES MacDONALD, Employers Rcinsprancc Corporation, Chicago, III. ^Special Representative--G. W. GREENWOOD, Chief of Defense Coordination, Western Electric Company, Ine., Giicago, III. ^Councilors (Past Chairmen)-- E. K. TAYLOR, Safety Dir., Zenith Radio Corporation, Chicago, III.; H. B. DUFFUS, Mgr., Acc. Prc. Service, Westinghouse Eleclric Corpo- |V ration, Pittsburgh, Ta.; MICHAEL F. BIANCARD], Mgr. Health b Salcty Dept., Allis-Clialmers Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Hr'*** Representative--GEORGE MacDONALD, National Safely Council, Chicago, HI. relary--J. M. TRANSUE, Security Director, Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, ft. iivs Letter Committee--R. V. MILLIGAN (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Westinghoux Electric Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager, Safety it Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo.; STUART K. BEECHER, Ind. Relations Staff, Stromberg-Carlson Company, Rochester, N. Y.; HAL SHANAF1ELD, Managing Editor, Electrical Dealer Magazine, Chicago, III. eoreli & Engineering Committee--MYRON L. MILLER (Chairman), Snpvr. d Safety, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD Dl LONG, Sales Engineer, Harvey Huhbell, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.; E, B. CURDTSj Asst. Dir. of Engineering, James G. Biddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; II. B. WHIT AKER, Sr. Asst. Elec. Eng., Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago, 111. fey.. iihership Committee--JAMES A. WALDRON (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Packard Electric Div., General Motors Corporation, Warren, Ohio; JAMES M. McGOUGH, Supvr. of Safety, Union Switch b Signal Div., of Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLIFFORD E. RAUSCH, Master Mechanic-Safety Director, Obi# Lamp Works of General Electric Company, Warren, Ohio; E. I. BOIS, Safety Direc- or, Anaconda Wire & Cable Company, Sycamore, III. ", gram Committee--F. A. GASS (Chairman), Supvr. of Safety, General Electric Com- any, Lynn, Mass.; ARTHUR J. MATHEWS, Safety Director, Sprague Eleclric Zompany, North Adams, Mass.; GEORGE KOCH, Safety Director, Western Electric Zompany, Kearny, N. J.; II. YOUNG, Safety Dir., Rome Cable Corporation, Rotra; LY. | & 00031!) idtut Analysis Committee--C. F. SCHLUETER (Chairman), Asst. Chief Engineer/ Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safety Director, Stewart; 18 19 10 Glass and Ceramics Industry The furnace continued to radiate to the deel structural and building walls. No pro vision was made for air supply from the basement or within the work space. The notiitor remained in its conventional form {(pendent entirely upon gravity for removal )f heat and gases from the furnace itself. This represents the condition that existed until a few short years ago in most of our plants. With the application of the present knowl edge of radiant heat, we continued to use the circulating fans in the space surround ing the furnace. Added to that were several tources of forced air supply through the Door in the workspace. In addition fans were placed in the walls of the building to produce a positive pressure within the buildng walls. Radiant shielding was installed if dropping corrugated aluminum sheeting (run the roof level to within three feet of the floor and an extended hood type struc ture completely surrounding the furnace or hot object To assure ourselves that posi tive flow would take place behind this shield, in some cases we have installed power type roof ventilators commonly uted in the foundry trade. The curtain or shield surrounding the fur nace served two distinct purposes. They keep the radiant energy entirely confined to i central area. The infra-red cannot escape to be absorbed by the steel of the structural parts of the building which in turn mip xcome a secondary radiant. Generated gases slay, within the structure and do not t* escape into the work space. We are surej that the temperature on the outside of these^ shields will remain within a few degrees off that of the outdoor temperature. Circulating; fans remain to assure ourselves that theV air will remain uniform in temperature) throughout the work areas. ;* While this installation may not be a pro found one engineeringwise, the following ' wilt illustrate an actual installation using'1 this principle in which very effective results, were obtained over one very hot summer.^ A light steel framework was erected entirely! around the hot furnace. Corrugated alutni-, num was attached directly to this lighL structure by means of a blank cartridge, actuated nailing device. In this way we werek able to erect the entire shield in a compare-' tively short time. We erected the shields to the roof level, allowing only very small openings for piping,!* electrical services and the necessary struc-j tural steel work. For an idea of the entire ; structure surrounding one large heated area; within the enclosure is a continuous type" lehr or annealing oven. Openings at both ends were necessary to allow the continuous. flow of materials. These openings were, covered by a tilled hood type structure. Ac cess openings along the sides of this an-, neaiing lehr were provided with overhead garage doors constructed or corrugated aluminum. Every other bay in the roof of the building was open to the sky either through gravity ty|>e ventilators or the |xwcr type. Officers of the GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 .General Chairman--J. C. D1TTMER, National Lead Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. Vice-Chairman--THOMAS R. DONOGHUE, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Coniiwny, rills- r burgh, Pa. 'ecretary--HARRY A. JACKSON, Frigidairc Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Vi Ohio. Program Committee--*!!. V. GARDNER {Chairman), Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio; *JOHN P. STEPHENSON, Ball Brothers Company, Muiicie, Ind.; V *JAMES L. MORRIS, The Federal Glass Company, Columbus, Ohio; *FRED G. 4;i ANDERSON, Corning Glass Works, Corning, N. Y. Membership Committee--THOMAS R. DONOGHUE (Chairman), Pittsburgh Plate ,*;Glass Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; RUSSELL W. FRANK, Ferro Enamel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio.; BERNARD P. CAMPBELL, Owens-Coming Fihcrglas Corp., Newark, Ohio; LEE B. HAWTHORNE, JR., A. P. Green Fire Brick Co., Mexico, Mo.; E. C. HARTUNG, Westinghousc Electric Corp., Derry, Pa. News Letter Committee--*JAMES L. MORRIS (Chairman), The Federal Glass Com pany, Columbus, Ohio; JOHN B. FULLliN, Kopp Glass Incorporated, Swissvale, Pa.; CLINTON BALLENGER, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Gas City, Ind.; R. E. HORMBERG, The Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Engineering and Health Committee--NF.LSON II. INGALLS (Chairman), The Norton Company, Worcester, Mass.; FREDERICK S. KRIGER, Corning Glass Works, Coming, N. Y.; W. G. HAZARD, Owens-Illinois Glass Com|iauy, Toledo, Ohio; H. WAUGH, Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., I^uicaster, Ohio. fety Promotion Committee--WALTER W. WOOD (Chairman), Kimble Glass ComJ pany, Vineland, N. J.; A. L. THOMAS, Lihliey, Owens, Ford, Shrevc|iort, La.; . PAUL E. GARRETT, Harding Glass Company, Ft. Smith, Ark.; J. If. GATTRELL, Blue Ridge Glass Corp., Kingsport, Tcnn. Safely Contest Committee--HARRY A. JACKSON (Chairman), Frigidairc Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; KARL W. STEINKRAUS, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Alton, III.; R. 11. LOWRY, Westinghousc Electric Corp., Derry, Pa.; J J. R. HARSHMAN, Armstrong Cork Co., Dunkirk, Ind. Sla Representative--HAROLD R. ALLEY, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. 5 'Past General Chairman. |p; oooar-o u .4 **\V-:* ) js% V*r * 55 Industrial Hygiene Industrial Dusts--What Every Supervisor Should Know By L. E. HAMLIN, M.D. Medical Dir., American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, III. I , Most manufacturing procedures arc capa dustrial dusts? Dust is formed by reducing ble of generating varying amounts of dust earthy materials to small size. Processes ' which may be visible, invisible, dangerous or like grinding,, crushing, blasting, and drilling -inert It is therefore important that these produce dust particles of sizes from the sub- substances be properly classified in order microscopic to the visible. .to protect the health of employees and pro- Fumes are formed from combustion, sub `Vide safe environments in which they may limation and condensation. Those from njearry on their daily occupations. burning or melting lead or zinc are typical Obviously tiie supervisor should have examples. The size of tiie particles is gen some knowledge of industrial dusts since erally below one micron. (A micron is >the responsibility for enforcing measures in 1/25,000th of an inch.) stituted for their control usually fails upon Smoke is usually of organic origin from his shoulders. Unless he has a good idea such tilings as burning tobacco, wood, oil or of the actual risks confronting him, Ite will ccal. The particle size is usually below a be at a disadvantage in securing cooperation half micron. from those under Ids direction. Ability to answer questions concerning plant hazards in a convincing mancr is a very important factor in any dust control program, and if the supervisor cannot explain the necessity of avoiding cx|iosurc to toxic materials tiie 'worker under Ids charge is very unlikely to pay attention to it. Mists or fogs are formed by condensation ot water vapor and the patlide or droplet size varies widely. The most inqiorlant item to the siqiervisor is the realization that lie may lie deal ing with a dust which can produce Imdily harm. Ilis first consideration should be "How is the man himself affected? Is the On the oilier hand, a brief explanation that carries the ring of sincerity and truth can frequently correct unnecessary mis understanding. For example, a capable young employee was worried about con dust present in sufficient amounts in the air to be a source of danger? Does it exist in the pure slate or is it mixed with otlicr dusts? What is tiie actual count of particles per cubic foot of air, and what percentage tracting silicosis because he worked in a of these is of respirable size (below 10 plant where at times there appeared to be microns and especially those below three . considerable dust in the atmosphere. He did microns? I low long does it take to- develop not know that this dust was free from occupational disease of tiie lungs from ex K silica or other harmful ingredient, but his posure to dust?" foreman did. All this may appear to be oujside the Knowledge of Ids own department enabled scope of the supervisor's activities since the supervisor to convince tltc workman after all his job is concerned primarily with that not only was the dust inert but also production. However, most industries place plans were under way for the installation the responsibility for carrying out safety of new ventilating equipment which would measures on the foreman and it is apparent remove the particles that were already pres that his department will suffer if these are ent. The man was satisfied and .the com not properly enforced. Safely therefore in pany was able to retain the services of a cludes precautions against occupational dis good employee. ease as well as accidents so that some knowl What then are some of the fundamental edge of methods for controlling exposure tilings a supervisor should know about in from dangerous dusts, toxic fumes or other 56 lndtutrial Safely hztmful materials is a proper part of the wpervisor'i armament. It is not advocated that his duties be so extended as to encroach upon the field of the industrial hygienist but it is reasonable >nd logical to suggest that he equip himself with the essential details concerning occu pational risks in the department he manigts. This information can be readily rbtained from his company medical de partment or through other agencies such as the Division of Public Health of state and federal governments. These bureaus welxrnie inquiry of this type and their services ire usually available without charge. Much confusion and misunderstanding :xts about the capacity of various dusts iriiing from occupational procedures to ause physical disability. Exaggerated re mits and misrepresentation by individuals infamiliar with their specific properties rave incriminated certain materials known o be quite inactive and absolved others iroven to possess harmful qualities. Expe dience accumulated through years of intenlivt study and research indicates that the [real majority of industrial dusts have ittle effect on health other than their misance value and contribution toward poor lotisekeeping. However, the fact that they are unlikely 0 cause occupational desense should not >e used as an excuse to do nothing about hem. A good working .environment demands hat they be removed in spite of their intocuous characteristics and the smart superisor will do all he can to accomplish their limination. The wide assortment of dusts met with a industry makes their classification into harmful" and "inert" categories difHct/lt. Those arising from organic sources such s animal and vegetable products as a rule lo not cause serious harm but are capable f producing local irritation like dermatitis 1 skin rashes, dental conditions, and inlammation of the eyes and the mucous memrane lining of the upper air passages. The majority of harmful dusts encountered i manufacturing processes are inorganic in haracter. The specific effect on health aries. Chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and heir compounds produce local irritation as o the organic dusts but they can also cause enerat intoxication if present in sufficient mounts. The dusts or fumes derived from the heavy metals like lead, mercury, and manganese can be highly toxic and poisoning from these substances has been recognized for many years. Recently serious and even fatal illness has been found to occur from exposure to beryllium and some of its compounds while another occupational condition known as "Shaver's Disease" has produced severe dam age to the lungs of workers exposed to fumes arising from the fusing of bauxite, the chief ore of aluminum, in the manufac ture of artificial abrasives. Generally speaking, the particle size which is most dangerous is in the range of one-half to three microns in diameter. Particles larger than these seldom reach the alveoli or terminal air saces of the lungs since they are filtered out by the "cilia" or natural protective mechanism of the nose, throat, and large bronchi. There is also good evi dence that particles below one-half micron in size may be retained in the lungs in suffi cient quantities to result in disease. This means that the visible dust in a working place may not be as dangerous as the par ticles which are not seen by the naked eye. Industrial hygienists emphasize this and also point out tliat although the amount of visible dust in the atmosphere in the vicinity of a certain job appears great, it does not necessarily mean that the workman is in haling significant quantities of harmful par ticles. The exposure may be intermittent and of brief duration, or the air at the breathing level of the employee may be sufficiently clear that no undue risk is in volved. With the exception of beryllium and bauxite few of the aforementioned dusts cause damage to lung tissue and, as ex plained previously, not every person so exposed docs develop dccupationai disease. At the present time it is generally agreed that the most important sources of indus trial disease of the lungs are free or uncombincd silica and asbestos. Silica or silicon dioxide which makes up approxi mately 60 per cent of the rocks and minerals of the earth's crust, is the specific cause of the ailment affecting the lungs of workers in dusty trades, known as silicosis. It is very important to recognize the fact that this widely known condition cannot be acquired from any material other than Industrial H 00032:2 5? free silica and also that it happens only when particles smaller Ilian ten microns in size of this mineral have been inhaled over long periods of time, such as from two to 25 years with an average of ten years. The term "free silica" usually means quartz of which there are many varieties. There are also other forms of free silica. The scarring or fibrosis of the lungs which results from the action of uncombincd silica casts characteristic nodular shadows in the chest roentgenograms of those af fected. Frequently this is the only way the disease can be detected as it causes no symptoms in the early, uncomplicated stage. Other dusts may produce x-ray patterns which are difficult to differentiate from sili cosis and some unrelated illnesses may re semble it closely. The x-ray picture ob served after the inhalation of iron oxide particles among some welders and grinders shows densities which are all too often mistaken for those seen in silicosis. Since this condition (siderosis) is harmless, the implications of such misdiagnosis are ob vious. Unfamiliarity with industrial diseases of the lungs by those charged with evaluating them properly has resulted in employees liecoming needlessly alarmed, forsaking their jobs ami forfeiting seniority while industry lias lost good workmen and production. It , J. unjust claims for disal ttjmi of 'this sftrt this stipcrVftti- pg .with the rest since Iris (16pawtww'ts Doiifid 'tff be affected by.dlifiSe conditions. To attempt to fell the supervisor all he should know about the extensive subject of industrial dusts is an impossible assignment. Suffice it to say that the more lie learns about them through his own volition, the better his qualifications for his job will be. Through such enterprise he will enter a new field of endeavor and discover a fascinating experience which will pay dividends both to himself and his company. The complexity of problems which con front the director of any department in today's exacting requirements presents a formidable challenge to his resources, and this, along with the working man's reason able insistence on a better place to work, demonstrates that a knowledge of industrial hygiene may well be a most important factor in the efficient discharge of his duties. The licst treatment of any disease associ ated with industry is not lo let it liapiicu in the first place. The problem is for engi neers rather than physicians, but, regardless of the one on whom the burden falls, (he final outcome dc|>cnds tqioti the interest ami efficiency of the mail who manages a de partment. Occupational Dermatitis; Teamwork in Engineering and Medical Control By WALTER F. SCHOLTZ Supvr., Industrial Hygiene, AUls-Chalmers Mfg. Co., West Allis, Wis. We have accepted the challenge that occu pational dermatitis presents to industrial medicine, ami accordingly it can be stated that witli proper care and intensive educa tional programs, occupational dermatitis can be checked and great savings effected. Through the institution and maintenance of control measures workmen can be pro tected against dermatitis producing oils, chemicals, etc. The ideal control measures will protect workmen all along llic line-- from flic ninmifncturing of (lie basic mate rials to (lie completed fabricated part. Modern industry today is becoming so cognizant of the ficncfits of good preventive measures that they arc not only relying on the worker alone, blit arc seeking the team work of everyone concerned. Since the proof of the pudding is in tfie eating, 1 would like to state wlint lias liccti done through a concentrated program of occupational dermatitis control and preven tion which started in 1943 at the West Allis works of our company. This conreiilralid program lias resulted in a 74 per mil de crease and a reduction from 10.3 to 2.7 in the number of eases per million manhours of exposure. 24 Maritime Industries [Officers of the 000323 -fe* The Evolution of Safety * MA LECTIO5 By CAPTAIN EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR. Vice Pres, United State! Protection ft Indemnity Agency, Inc., New York, N. Y. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951^7 There was a time when, in the minds of many, the science of safety was the sub ject of derision and mockery, a time when it stood as a sort of fringe of disconnected mysteries bordering upon the black arts, a dangerous sort of thing capable of looking with equanimity upon the evils which lay on one side of it and with a hopeful and benign expression upon the conventionali ties of life on the other. Accidents were often considered to lie acts of God and to take care was a violation of one's trust in God. In any event, in many circles, it was not polite or politic to speak frankly about safety, of human slaughter or the barbarities of accidents resulting in death or permanent disability, of human suffering and all the other attributes of such cases. The human tendency was to i "soft-pedal" talks about safety ami the acci dent problem. So, the whole safety move ment was looked upon with a huge questionmark. A consistent "do-nothing" attitude prevailed in so many instances that the fre quency and severity of accidents continued to increase at an alarming rate and Itecainc an economic burden. Undaunted, a pioneering spirit prevailed in the regions of scientific safely inquiry. Although the voice of the safety advocate was all hut lost in the wilderness, neverthe less his work continued in the firm belief that the man who dares to do something worth-while will ulihnatcly gain a following. As the fruits of accident prevention liecame more and more evident, it gradually developed to a stage where it could lie re garded, at least, as respectable; and, the main criticisms of it concerned its so-called impracticability. Some executives said; "Safely will cost loo much." Others said: "Safety is a fandangle idea, it will not work." And still others remarked; "We don't want these safety people telling us how to run our jobs, our business, etc., etc." This was the Age of Adolescence of the science of safety. Then came the Period of Maturity, when the science of safety, feeling the strength of its ' -s, could no longer harbor itself within the cloister, but came out into the! open and made the affairs of men its con cern. Tlie Age of Utilitarianism in the science of safety was upon us. More and more .General Chairman--FREDERICK R. PRATT, Gen. Mgr., Marine Transp. Dept., Socoiiyb Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y, Executive General Chairman--CAl'T. GEORGE VVAUCHOPE, Exec. Vice-Pres, Farrell the conservation of men's lives was done Lines, New York, N. Y. by the product of man's intellect in tlx processes of management rather than bj |PcYe General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JOHN G. PF.W, JR., Vice- resorting to the caprice of superstition aid Pres., Sun Shiplmilding ft Dry Dock Co., Chester, Pa. tlie vagary of the mystic charm, "Ladj Luck." The science of safely now stands ready, . Vice General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)--WALTER M. WELLS, Pres., Isthmian S.S. Co., New York, N. Y.; F. M. ROHRER, Vice-I'res., Grace Line, New York, N. Y. a willing servant, to reduce the uncertain General Chairman (Gulf Arra)--E. A. JIMISON, Vice-Pres., Lykcs Bros Steamship ties of life to the ultimate minimum wha-r* <- j Ncw Qr, u we, her masters, direct her efforts and uti'K, ' lize .the skill which is within her. Pie* General Chairmen (Pacific Area)--RANDOLPH SEVIER, Pres., Matson Navigation As I have sat from time to time jgV'- Co., San F rancisco, Calif.; A. E. KIIIN, Mgr., Marine Dept., Standard Oil Co. of Cal., gatherings of executives who arc interest^Kf' gan Francisco, Cal. in safety, such as this meeting of the m- ` rine industries, I have lieen impressed witi Pice General Chairmen (Great Lakes Area)--W'M. R. MAfTMINAI.il, (urnorl. Iluirhin an ever growing feeling of cooperation and mutual understanding looking toward the solution of accident problems. You demon son ft Co., Cleveland, Ohio; DAVID I.. HUCHANYN. Ind Kl Mgr, l`itidmrg|, S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. strate that no human progress can be madt Pice General Chairmen (Passenger & Cargo Services)--HARRY X. KELLY, Exec. unless wc remain critical ol defects, alert as to practical needs and fertile'in mini and thought for possible improvements. Tlx , Vice-Pres., Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, La.; CAI'T. JONES F. DEVLIN, JR., Gen. Mgr., United States Lines, New York, N. Y. time worn doctrine of "laissez-faire" can kPice General ChairmcH (Tankers)--ERWIN O. PERKINS, Asst. Gen. Manager, Marine longer lie accepted if business is to survive I?;. Dept., The Texas Co, New York, N. Y.; CHRISTOPHER STORY, Vice-Pres, tlie perils and costs of accidents. Cities Service Oil Co, New York, N. Y. The entire marine industry owes a pc `V.culiar debt to you lenders within the indus ^ Pice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)-- try who iiavc recognized that safety h VICK-ADM. MERLIN O'NEILL, USC.G, Conidt, U. S. Coast Guard, YVasliing- brought increased efficiency in operations iC . ton, D. C. You have contributed much to the conser vation of ni:ni|iowcr which is all important f-Fire General Chairman (Coardinalion--Government and Marine Industry)--ViCK-AOM. during these critcal days of national emer EDWARD I- COCHRANE, USN (Ret.), Maritime Administrator, U. S. Dept, of gency. ' ' Commerce, Washington, D. C. We know that you will not relax in your safely activities. To the contrary, we an jj'Advisory Committee (Past General Chairiaen)--LEIGH R. SANFORD, President, Sliip- convinced that you will increase the tempo t4` builders Council of America, New York, N. Y.; LOUIS II. PATE, Vicc-Prcs, Seas of your efforts to meet new, challenging Shipping Co. (Robin Line), New York, N. Y.; COM. ROBERT C. LEE, Kxcc. Vicc- conditions. The greatest challenge of all it ^';l Pres, Moorc-McCorniack Lines, New York, N. Y.; WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres, to prevent human failure in shipyards aid *' |z | | ,:L Gulf Oil Corp, New York, N. Y.; CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safety Eng, Bethleltem Steel Co, Bethlehem, Pa.; CARL E. HOLMES, Mgr, Claims Dept, Marsh ft McLennan. Inc, New York, N. Y.; CART. EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR., ViccPresident, United Stales P. ft I. Agency. New York, N. Y.; CAPT. E. YV. FISKE, JR, Mgr, Operating Div, Marine Transp. Dept, Socotiy-Vactmm Oil Co, New York, . ' N. Y.; CAPT. FRANK 11. COGAN, Supt, Marine Dept, Tlie D-l.uwnre, i-ackn- 25 wanna & Western R. R. Co., Hoboken, N. J.; ARTHUR M. TODE, Consulting Eng., New York, N. Y. Chairman, Nominating Committer--WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres, Gulf Oil Corp, New York, N. Y. Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY C EIDENBACH, Hagen, Seneca! & Eidenbadi, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Conventions & Meetings)--H. M. WICK, Asst, to the Pres., American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--CAPT. E. W. F1SKE, JR., Mgr., Operating Div., Marine Trans. Dcpl., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Cargo Vessels)--L. H. QUACKENBUSH, Mgr., Husband ing Dept., States Marine Corp. of Del., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)--FRANK W. MILLER, Asst. Mgr., Operations Div., Esso Shipping Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Stevedoring)--JOHN W. McGRATII, l'res., National Assn, of Stevedores, and Pres., Jolin-W. McGrath Corp., New York, N. Y> Director, Public Relations and Publicity--FRANK BRAYNARD, Dir., Bureau of Infor mation, American Merchant Marine Inst., New York, N. Y. . i Director,' Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance--R. J. BAKER, Secretary-Treas, American Merchant Marine Inst., New York ,N. Y. Directors, Safety Information and Posters--CAPT. R. E. MACKEY, Asst. Mgr., Oper ations Div., Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N. Y.; HAROLD J. SEGRAVE, District Manager, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Assistant' Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Towing--J. B. GARBUTT, Mgr., Ins, Dept., Great Lakes Towing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Director, Inland Waterways, Operations and 57n>6mMmg-CH ESTER C. THOMPSON, Pres., The American Waterways Operators, Inc., Washington, D. C. Special Service Committees Chairman, Committee for the Advancement of Safety in the American Merchant Marine-- FRANK J. TAYLOR, Pre.s., American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., New YorkV N. Y. Chairman, Ship Owners Associations Committee--GEORGE W. MORGAN, Trcs., Assn. of American Ship Owners, New York, N. Y, Chairman, Statistics and Contests Committee--CAPT. II. R. ROSENGREN, Dir. of : Safety and Cargo Damage Prevention, Monre-MrConnack Lines, New York, N. Y. Assistant Chairmen, Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Committee--CARTER KENDALL, !-; Chief Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; HERMAN J. NORD STROM, Safety Eng.,' Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, ;i; Va.; I. C. YATES, Dir. of Safety, Alabama Drydock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala. iJjChairman, Engineering and Minimum Standards Committee--CAPT. R. A. SMYTH, ^ USCG, Chief, Merchant Marine Technical Div., U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. ; Special Maritime Advisor (Marine Engineering)--II. L. SEWARD, Professor Emeritus, Yale University, School of Engineering, New Haven, Conn. Editor, Marine News Letter--S. B. PARSELL, Marine Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees Special Government Committees for Safety in National Defense .Chairman, Safety Policies for Regulations and Ship Inspections--REAR ADM. IfALERT , C SHEPHEARD, USCG, Chairman, Merchant Marine Council, and Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, U. S. Coast Guard, WasVnglon, D. C. Assistant to Vice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conven tions--Coordination)--REAR ADM. J. A. HIRSH FI ELD, USCG, Dir. of Personnel, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chairman, Atlantic Region--Tanker Operations--CAPT. WILLIAM G, AN DERSON, Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div., The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Assistant Chairmen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--CAPT. RALPH L. MOCK, Supvr., Accident Prevention, Lykcs Bros. S.S. Co., New Orleans, La.; EARLE SMITH, Safety Dir., Waterman S.S. Co., Mobile, Ala. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stevedoring---JOSEPH II. TRAVERS, Mgr., Ace. Pre. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San Francisco, Cal.; HARRY E AVERY, Safety Engineer, Matson Navigation Co., San Francisco, Calif. Chairman, Safety Committee for Accident Causes and Cost Experience--EDWARD P. 1IERGES, Safety Snpvr., Federal and Maritime Safety Section, Bureau of I-ilnir Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D, C. Chairman, Naval Committee for Safely in National Defense Organisations -- CAPT. HARRY W. BAUMER (CEC), USN, Dir., Safely Div., Office of Ind. ltd. Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Navy Yards Safety Committee--LT. COMDR. G. D. McCAULEY, Head, Safety Section, (Code 785), Ind. Rel. Branch, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. ' Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National ,ounciI~Chicago... III. Ji- Assistant Chairman, Southern California Region--Ports and Terminals--REAR ADM. FRANK D. HIGBEE, USCG (Ret.), Warden of the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, Cal. 0 0002'M Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Bulk Carriers--WM. ECKERT, Mgr., Safely Dept., Interlake S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. 26 27 18 Metals Industry The Use of Wetting Agents to Ci list hi industries ; safely in sled warehousing where live va riety of sizes, types, grades and finishes of live steel carried in regular inventory is par ticularly great. Problem number four was live employee's menial attitude ill relation to the work pat tern of the industry. The high degret of 'H y.rllcxibility in daily job assignments, i alvotil a constant change in duties atiil je-Iit addition to these there arc "thousands j,f workers who have been exposed to silica trial environment, demands a general safety^ f!*tt in these various occupations and arc knowledge of the warehouse operation. TWaJ, 'engaged in other forms of work." is difficult to establish except through expe-jL ; In order that we may belter understand lienee gained during an extended employ-'^] U^ie purpose of this discussion on wetting incut |icriod. f^agmis for dust control it will be necessary Its discuss the dangerous dust |iarticlc size fwri tire wetting effect of raw water cont^ftted to Wet walcr with the proper surfare The Use of Wetting Agents to Control Dust in Industries vtfd rfjenskxt arid group combination. g.'Kot all of the particles of inhaled dust access or are retained by the human For these reasons, the size of the By G. A. MAU Ifcsl present in the industrial atmosphere Jf; imeuhuicnoii Is basically *Ma H/Glftl-hf Jiqtliif mofftifcj led upon the solid before welting" can occur. A liquid will spread on a solid if the surfare tension of the latter is greater than (lie sum of the interfaei.il tension lictween the solid and liquid and llic surface tension of the liquid. Therefore, the wetting power of a liquid increases with a decrease in its surface ten sion. Many dusts arc wetted only with great difficulty liecanse of the presence of another film already absorbed on the surface. This film might I* adsorped air, which occurs in a (lust cloud. Then welling will not take place unless the spreading force of the liquid Vice Pres., Johnson March Corp., Philadelphia, Pa. Ijhould be determined. is great enough to drive off the air layer. m J Investigations have proven that particles A wetting agent or compound of surface Within the past two decades chemists have developed materials with properties similar to soap but without the limitations, resulting in a large number of compounds with re markable physical properties. The behavior of these materials has suggested their use in a wide variety of industrial fields. These materials are known as Surface Active Agents since their primary effect is at the boundaries or surfaces between two phases. Reduction of inter facial tension, lowering of surface tension, increase of wetting liower, dcdocculation and emulsification arc some of the results of this activity. The synthetic surface active agents first came into use in this country aliout 19JO. In the few years since their introduction, they have lieccnne numerous and varied, and have found many uses in diverse fields. The surface active agents can be subdivided into five groups. Wetting agents, penetrating agents, dispersing agents, emulsifying agents and foaming agents. Reference will be directed particularly to the first and second groups. Namely, wet ting agents; producing increased wetting or f like the popular definition of a wetting agent, which merely states that a wetting agent added to water makes it welter. Ptr-V Imps, we should state for the purpose of q keeping the chemical terminology straight, fgreater than 10 microns in longest dimen sion are very seldom found in the lungs, land that tire particle size found most comfcmonly in lungs were llircc to five microns. ijDue to gravity which causes rapid settling jl* of suspensions and due to the proteclive active agent groups will in most cases fur nish the spreading force of the liquid to drive off the air layer and wet the dust. Time will not permit a discussion of other Ilian llic high (minis of dust control in the that a wetting agent is a material which,^ when added to water, or to any other liquid^ will cause considerable reduction in surface tension. Safely and health have been benefillcd by the use of wetting compounds in . many industries. Safely--in providing bet ter visibility around plant and equipment, 1 health by preventing the absorption or in- < halation of dust. Ousts, whether toxic of not, arc harmful and an attempt to group dusts under the ; headings "active" and "inert" (with refer- ' cncc to effect on health) has proved iinsatisfnetory. Investigations have proven lint action of the mucous surfaces of the upper rrspiratory tract, the larger particles do not penetrate to the terminal portions of the lungs. Therefore, it is obvious that attention should Ire given clucdy to those particles ' which arc loss than 10 microns in longest jj dimension and which ran enter the lungs. Tliis group particle size is very difficult jj.to wet, and requires not only a low surface '^tension liquid hut a fine atomizing spray fl M*le. Dust control by welting depends for its effectiveness upon (he fact that, once the a'dusl has liecn trapped in water or some foundry iiidnslr}-. Almul three years ago, 1 was handed some foundry di.sl that was rollrrlcd around the miiller. and asked whether it eotdd he wetted with a wetting agent. Much to my surprise, it was a eoiuhinalion of foundry dusts that did not respond to water or any single type of group of welling agents known at that time. We finally found a compound of surfare active agents that would actively wcl this dust. Dusts difficult to wet can lie wetted if the proper wetting coui|h>iiiiiI is used and the application cor rect. One without the other will not work. practically all dusts may be harmful if j.*ther liquid, the particles are not easily dis- So far we have touched on a discussion breathed in large amounts over long periods. i petsed again in the air, untit proper disposal of the ty|ics of wetting agents, that a liquid In this country, dust diseases usually des ignated as "silicosis" is more or less common among workers in the mining, grinding, granite and foundry industries. According to Lanza and Vane, the estimated number of men exposed to Silica-Bearing Dust in jus been made. V Dust control by wet methods is attractive . front the standimint of cost Iml has not been l highly successful in certain industries, with raw water. Many articles have been writ- i-kii quoting not too good results in such with low surface tension is l*est for welling, providing the dust and liquid arc coiu|iatildr, that the size dust particle we should lie most interested in is three to five microns omricrgonesn,eraTlhlyis particle size size compares less than 10 to fog particle spreading of an aeqeous solution or suspen various industries are as follows: ^ applications as grinding wheels, rock drilling, sizes. sion over a repellent surface and the sec ond group, penetrating agents, providing more rapid passage of a liquid into a porous olid. With the above brief discussion on sur face active agents, or as I will refer to them from now on as wetting agents or compound, 1 intend to discuss the use of welting agents to control dust in industry and particularly, th* foundry. Pnxtn Percentage of Number All Employees EapoaeJ Metal mining a .. ......... 100 Anthracite coal mining 20 Quattring of granite, ganiiter, rsaannJdsittone, etc................................ too Smelling & refining ........................100 Foundry workers..............................100 Potteries, glass works, stone products 30 Grinders, buffers, sand blasters, vitreous enamelers ..................... Estimated total (or mining, quarry ing and manufacturing industries. 61,00* 30,000 22,00* 11,00* 200,00* 70,00* <2,00* *30,00* mining, etc. * Dust control with water is better than no wetting at all, but would not reduce the dust count sufficiently to be safe, and in (hr A <ase of some dusts, could tint he wrtteil at l^all, especially the sizes 10 microns or less. jjK To obtain better wetting, experimentation y kd to the use of reciting aecnt=. "^e physics of netting is net cntirc'y ::n- The efficiency of wet dust routrol is dclicmlcnt upon the degree to which the parti cles arc wrltrd. Important .actors that de- lerihine wettability or dusts arc llic proper welling rnnqmimd..a..n.d...l.l-ic a..p* plication*o. f._tb_c article size spray solution with noz- , r "' designed for ti c appli' a'i-it anid sprayy 7.IC* pre5 u:rcs to create t roper ft ray '-c.pJet size ;ir l r.itterti. 20 Metals Industry The ddministration UUUdcib Programs . ^21 Another big factor for efficient wet dost large areas and is not regularly remowAa k compounds to eliminate dust before proc- lincss'tjinil shakeouts,vlmu- control is the selection of proper type noz wetting compounds are infinitely more tl-tl iL tssing. ipBejaruirptTTg-rjrfhTfR?' 6f sfuall, irfegufe+ly zles. It is common practice to employ "a fcclive than spraying with water. $] h ` Wherever sand is thrown from condition shaped castings disperses enormous amounts nozzle" whether a solid or hollow cone or flat sheet spray. No matter how efficient the wetting compound may he, if the proper Plain water wets the surfaces of the floorI al big machines, direct pressure nozzles with sand, causing mud, or may run to lower}] . capacities considerably larger than the aver- levels causing puddles and excess surf* iage dust nozzles arc recommended. This of dust. Wetting compounds are effective in softening cores, making them dusllcss and much easier to remove from the castings. nozzle with projicr spray pattern and angle moisture in spots.. '^nozzle must have a fine atomized spray lie- There arc many other applications for arc not at the right location, results can not be obtained. The methods usually employed to obtain fine atomization arc high pump pressures, llccausc very little penetration lakes j air currents absorb the moisture allowing the sand to dry and become ^atrjl shortly after the water application. '* cause wetting of the sand is necessary to properly control the atmospheric dust. Dcfpendent upon bin capacity, we also rccoinyaend for large bins air fog misting nozzles wetting compounds to control foundry dust, and there arc certainly many more uses, such as lcm|icriiig and penetrating agents. The few applications mentioned arc merely liquid with air misting nozzles and very low capacity nozzles. High pressures arc not desirable for dust wetting. The high pressure spray causes the dust to disperse beyond the spray area. Liquid air misting nozzles are very satis factory for spraying areas 10-20 ft. from the nozzles. A very fine fog or mist sprav can he obtained with these nozzles provided sufficient nozzles are used for the spray pattern. These nozzles are recommended for lop spraying of shakeouts, sand conditioning, crane shakeout, etc. Low capacity nozzles can lwj grouped and used on medium pressures (40-70 psi) to obtain fine particle atomization, for close proximity dust concentrations near equip ment or conveyor transfer points, etc. These nozzles are now available in capacities of 2 to 24 gallons per hour. Most wetting agents arc ship|>cd in con centrated form and require dilution when When applying wetting compounds to I floor a flat cutting spray nozzle has, found most effective. s, Wetting compounds permit the wettbif < floors in the inciting and pouring are^l f cause of quick deep penetration of the wofcfl lure in the sand and much less posdbiGtyj that sand near the surface will be enough to cause spattering of metal. fenedl I ration with water is difficult and evapfcatai .ever the storage area to control the dust ,ind to revive the treatment in the event the .sand stands long enough to become dry and ^festy. Welting compounds are iicing successfully 'used to control dust arising during skip at Mnnd loading of muller operations, which ire not exhausted. Small capacity nozzles mounted over the muller bowl will wet tbe floating dust particles with very little or quickly. * !?J Crane shake out of castings usually is-s volvc large areas in the main bays of tram j kmntrolled moisture. If tcnqieriug of sand ill required, the wetting agent is introduced jm the water line. foundries. While the shakeout periods tsigH 1 Core knockouts may produce even greater to show the possibilities. I trust 1 have explained: 1. The purpose of wetting agents, that practically any dust can be controlled with the proper wetting compound. 2. That dust particle sizes of three to five microns or sizes less than 10 microns require low surface tension liquids compatible with the dust. 3. That a wetting compound must be atomized to fine micron size droplets for dust control. 4. That cor rect nozzles for tempering ami general wet ting. and fool-proof cqniiimcnl arc neces sary, automatic pro|iorlioniug and nozzle control to make wet dust control a success. lie confined to night or early morning toon, | when few employees arc in the area, fflotl of the foundry' becomes contaminated wiil airlwrnc dust that is easily vibrated loose 1 The Administration of Safety Programs from the building structure and equipmat I when the full force of workmen are it.i |j. By A. C. BECKSTEAD work. A fine atomized solid cone spray ip- plied from nozzles attached to the eraael bridge over the shakeout area has been usd j Dir., Safety and Technical Employment, American Smelting and Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah used for spraying, Efficient, durable, auto matic proportioning equi|>mcnt is required for successful wet dust control. l'roportioners meeting these conditions over a pe riod of years are now available. Wetting Compounds arc of great benefit to foundries, not only for dust control but for such things as fire fighting, core knock out, cleaning castings, core wash, recondi tioning the moulding sand, cupola smoke control, sand tempering, etc. Dust control at crane and machine shake outs, mullers, floors, sand conditioning, grinding and cleaning departments are the areas where foundries have proven wetting successfully at a foundry. I-n order to pro|icrly administer a safely At another foundry, a s|iccial porUMr| Vprogram, it is first necessary to establish the stand was built with the fog air mistiqg. j proper organization. This organization must nozzles, which, is placed in a position al j &lnve the siqi|mrl of all individuals in the opositc sides of the working which irtigb* I'umpany from the chairman of the lioard lie 25 feet or more in diameter. This tj|t nozzle is also used for spraying over tkj 'land president ployee. to the newest |tny roll em shakeout table. The fog air misting nozzle is used see-1 jyij i Second, a definite safely imiIIcv must lie cessfullv to supplement exhaust systems *1 shakeout machines. I f the table is large al 1 the dust is not being properly exhausted] the air fog misting nozzle has successful f controlled the dust in areas not exhausted ! It might lie over the ends of extra large,] formulated by all levels of management in '-conjunction with all mcmliers of the safety jt'l organization. This policy should lie flexible ^-.enough to meet changing conditions and emergencies without causing confusion or trouble. s|ieetioiis should lie conducted constantly !* follow the progress of the safely program and to prevent bad practices from develop ing and enlarging. Fifth, individual plant safely dc|iarliiicnls must lie provided with trained |iersoimrl and provided with the authority and vqni|mirul to do the job expected. The following mil lines the organization for the administration of a safely program as it is presently set up in the American Smelling anil Refining Company. Here, safely is recognized with the same impor tance as production hv all levels of manage compounds very successful. work extending over the table, or due MI .- Third, it is necessary that the importance ment. The application of welting conqionnd.s on foundry floors or walks, prevents dust aris ing when rolling equipment nr men travel over them. It keeps the floating dust parti cles from becoming nirlmrnc. For general use, re the sand is accumulating over sand not leaving underneath the shakeout! kantl proper emphasis to safety Ire recognized fast enough. 'f {i ky all levels of management and by every The amount of dust produced by wdj .employee in the company including em conditioning equipment is influenced larf ployees just being hired. by whether the sand is handled dry or moot,! Fourth, a definite follow-up ami cheek The sand should lie moistened with "'`g-T jisystem through rcjiorts and on-llic-spol iu- The committee on safely ami technical employment is composed of the top execu tives of the company including the chairman of the lioard, the president, the operating vice presidents, and representatives from the financial and legal departments. The dircc- 1f 36 Metals Industry IOfficers of the 000327 served solely {or engineers, rather, we do mean that people engaged in safety work must he able to analyze, to judge, and to decide. Mr. Ward, will you discuss this matter of analysis? accident. Accident investigation has value, whatsoever, if it does riot slicceed hr" developing a safer method of doing tlie job] on which the accident occurred. Thus, we have completed three points ! METAL: ft I ON NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Mr. Ward : Often, accidents seem to stem our accident analysis program. We _ haul (rom uncontrollable factors, and the appar looked at the apparent cause; we'hawR . . ,,c,rvisnr of Safety, The Youngstown ent cause is that the accident was due to a searched out the Veal cause; and we hawECwerof Chain..on-HOWARD HOLLAND, Supervisor y. hazard inherent to that peculiar job or oc established, and set up our objective. BulK Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. cupation. the lull accident analysis, as we see it, iiP?'' Now, in safety work, such identification made up. o_ tf ffo,.ur point-s. *W- * e must estab-Rfirrl Vice-Chairman -H. S. SIMPSON, Safety Engineer, Caterpillar Tractor Company, is not sufficient. Since we are interested lisli responsibility; not necessarily respons-ft-i Peoria, 111. in the elimination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, we must go further. We must Iiilily for the accident that has already hap-* !>ueitniaedd, !but*-r-a-jth-e--r, respons**ibility for thel Second Vice-Chairman--J. J. NOLAN, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Cuoi|aiiy, Bclli- seek out tlie real cause of the accident. This correction of the conditions that caused IhtPk* lehcni, Pa. can best be done by the application of logic. accident. We've ail heard the old proverb` We must take what we have learned of the real cause and set up our objective--the correction of the factors which caused the '`Something that is everybody's responsible--jb.rtrr_fam- --A. H. ZEILINGER, Safety Eugiuccr, ' ity is* nobody's responsibility." It never bifH l,on* I'lieblo, Colo, a better application Ilian it lias in accident i- prevention. \Newt Utter Editor--W. H. WILSON, Safely Tlie Colorado Fuel St Iron CorporaDirector, Ambridgc Plant, American Bridge Company, Ambridge, Pa. jpJVrwr Letter Co-Editor--W. J. M. KKI)WO()D, Safety Su(>crvis<ir, hultislri.il Relations Department, Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd., Saiill Sic. Marie, Ontario, Canada. !jConsulliiui Committee--*R. L. RIDINGER (Chairman), Director of Safety fit Plant I'ro[ . teclion, Inland Steel Company, East Chicago, Ind.; .1. L. MacKENZIK, Supervisor of `. ' Safety, South Works, United States Steel Company, Chicago, III.; I. W. TYSSE, Safety Supervisor, Chicago District, Republic Steel Coni|iany, Chicago, III. [ Contest and Statistics Committee--E. J. LANGLAND (Chairman), Safely Director, Great1 I'. ;Lakes Steel Corporation, Ecorsc, Detroit, Mich.; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and . Safety Director, Blaw-Knnx Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G H. SUNDERLAND, Supcrvisor of Lalvr Analysis, United Slates Steel Company, 1'ittslmrgh, Pa. j^EiipmeerTtit; and Practices Committee--A. G. WHISMAN (Chairman), Supervisor of K'. Safety, Gary Steel Works, United States Steel Co., Gary, Ind. Fabricating Industry--GERARD O. GRIFFIN (Chairman), Director of Safety, Dravo j; Corporation, Neville Island, I'iltslHirgli, Pa.; F. M. BEAUDOIN, Manager Industrial j- Relations, United Slates Steel Products Company, Petroleum Iron Works Division, f" Sharon, Pa.; E W. ENGEREU, Management's Riprcscnlative, Pillslmrgh District, | Hetlilcbcm Slcrl Company, Piitslmrgh, Pa.; II. PALM IN I, Safety Engineer, J. I. Case r: Company, Rockford Works, Rockford, III.; WALTER E. WILLIAMS, Safely EngiJ- neer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Galesburg, III.; P. L. WISE, Su|icrvisor Per sonnel & Safely, Blaw-Knox Division, Illaw-Knox Company, Hlawitox, l'a. Foundry Industry--J. D. HOLTZAPPLE (Chairman), Personnel Suiicrvisor, Continental Foundry it Machine Company. East Chicago, Ind.; *D. A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Co., Pittsburgh, l'a.; *IRVIN A. BRINKMAN, Director of Employment, Safety and Welfare, Mackinlosh-Hcmphill Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; GEORGE MILLIGAN, Safely' Director, Minneapolis Moline Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; SHERMAN RICHARDSON, Assistant Personnel Manager, American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Cor|ioratioii, Pittsburgh, Pa.; - A. G. STARRETT, Personnel Director, The Buckeye Slccl Castings Company, Co' lumbus, Ohio; C. J. VAN DAMN, Safely Director, Campbell, Wyant & Cannon 37 (v : Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich, ; E. J. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety, j American Brake Shoe Co., Chicago, 111. Program Committee--E. H. HOUCK (Chairman), Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Aliquippa Works, Jones Sc Laughlin Steel Corp., Aliquippa, Pa.; C. L. BRADSHAW, Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G.- F. GRACE, Metallic Coating Industry--BONNIE TRENT (Chairman), Plant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip Galvanizcr* Association, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. j *C. M. ALLEN (Advisory Chairman), Staff Supervisor of Safely, Armco Steel Corporation, Middle- town, Ohio; T. C. CARRICO, Director, Welfare and Safety, Wheeling Sleet Corpo-J ration, Wheeling, W. Vn. Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y.; EARLE M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel, General Steel Castings Corp., Eddystone, Pa.; J, N, MAIIAN, Supervisor of Salcly and Insurance, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; EDWARD MARTIN, Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Steel Corp.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; ALLEN M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.; RUSSELL Non-ferrous Metals Industries--M. L. ABEL (Chairman), Executive Vice-President, Mag nesium Company of America, East Chicago, Ind.; *H. G. HENSEL (Advisory Chair . I. PISLE, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.; T. R. SMITH, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, man), Safety Director, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tul>c Company, Chicago, III.; WILLIAM GILLIAND, Assistant Safely Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. L. McCOY, Director of Personnel, Chase Brass ft Copper Company, Cleveland, Ohio; J. E. NICHOLS, Director of Safety, Reynolds Metals Company, Reynolds Metals Building, Richmond, Va.; C. L. RIENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's Compensation, Revere Copper and Brass Inc., Rome, N. Y.; WILLIAM S. VISOKAY, Superintendent of Safely, Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Steel Induslry-rW. E. BARKER (Chairman), Safety Supervisor, East Works Plant, Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. J. EIGENBROD, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; STANLEY W. HALL. Supervisor, Em ployee Services Section, Steel Division, Ford Motor Company, Dearl*orn, Mich.; Ohio. Trade Association Liaison Committee--EDWARD C. METZEL (Chairman), Assistant Supervisor of Safety, Unites! States Steel Co,, Pittsburgh, Pa.; 1*. J. BOWEN, Assisl:.j ant Safety Engineer; Great Lakes Corp., Ecorsc, Detroit, Mich.; *PAUL E GRUND- MAN, Safety Engineer, Rustless Iron ami Steel Division, Armco Steel Corp., Balti more, Md.; J. F. JULI, Safety Director, Consolidated Western Steel Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.; W. W. BRANT, Supervisor of Safety, Johnstown Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Johnstown, Pa.; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y.; J. R. VAN SYCKLE, Safety Su|icrvisor, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. M. WALS1I, Assistant Director, Safely and Plant Service, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harlior Works, East Chicago, Ind. W. T. McLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, United Slates* Steel Co., Youngstown, Ohio; E. D. MORGAN, Superintendent of Plant Protection ft Safety, Bethlehem Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, Pa.; W. D. WILLIAMS, Assistant Supervisor of Safely, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, luisl Chicago, Ind. Pisual Education and Poster Committee--ROBERT S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), Director \ of Training and Safety, National Tnbc Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. E. ASKL, Safely Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; II. J. JONES, Manager, Industrial Relations, The Colorado l-'nel it Iron Corp.. Unffatu, N. Y.; PAUL I.UN1RJUIST. jSteel IPnrchousing Industry--JOHNjC. CUSHING (Chairman), Director of Industrial Relations, United States Steel Supply.Company, Chicago, III.; *F. W. KELSEY (Ad visory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety At Welfare, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corpora tion, Jones A Laughlin Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; M. A, KING, Supervisor of Safety, J. T. Ryerson Company, Chicago, 111.; JOHN E .SPANN, Engineer, Chicago Ware house, Jones St Laughlin Steel Corporation, Chicago, III.; WALTER STONER, Super-'J intendent Industrial Relations, Truscon Division, Republic Steel Corp, Youngstown, Ohio. IFire Manufacturing Industry--II. E. FRAYER (Chairman), Safety Director, L. A. Young Spring St Wire Corp., Detroit, Mich.; *J. F. COLLINS, Supervisor of Safely, The Youngstown Sheet St Tulie Coin|>any, Youngstown, Ohio; PETER CONTARDO, Safety Director, John A. Rochling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. Health Committee--DR. RICHARD J. BENNETT (Chairman), Chief Surgeon, United Stales Steel Company, Chicago, III.; DR. E II. CARLETON, Medical Director, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, liast Chicago, Ind.-, DR. A. M. EDWARDS, Medical Director, American Steel St Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio; DR. S. A. NORRIS, Chief Surgeon, Jones St Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, 1'a. Safety Director, Acme Steel Company, Riverdale, III.; I). D MAT I I R, Sopcniv.i, Safely and Welfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones A- Laitglilm Steel t nip, Pittsburgh, Pa.; ARTHUR D. MURPHY, Director of Safely and Suggestion Plan, Crucible Stcci Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KENNETH I. WARD, Assistant to Supervisor of Safety, Tire Youngstown Sheet & Tulie Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Members-at-Large--*E. F. BLANK, Assistant to Vice-President, Employee ami Public Relations, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; GROVER C. BROWN, Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron and Steel Institute,, New York, N. Y.; *R. A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, Industrial Kelalinns, Continental Steel Corp., Kokotuo, hid.; *R. 11. FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Rela tions, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to President, Weirton Steel Company, Wcirton, VV. Va.; *E. 11. FYLKU, Su|icriHlcii<lcnt, Industrial Relations, United Slates Steel Co., Gary Steel Works, Gary, Ind.; *11. J. GRIFFITH. Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines; Jones ft I-atigliliu Steel Corp., Vesta-Shannopin Coal Division, California, l'a.; *F. A. LAUERMAN, Director of Industrial Relations, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio; *J. A. CARTEL, Pittsburgh, Pp.; *R ,L. SCHMITT, Louisville, Ky.; *11. J. SPOERER, Director of linluslrinl Relations, The Youngstown Slicct tc Tube Company, Youngstown, U1^ Membership Committee--W. M. NELSON (Chairman), Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. H. BUMGARDNER, Manager, Safely and Casually Bureau, Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; R. M. DAVIS, Staff Representative--WM. N. DAVIS, Senior Et Chicago, III. National Safety Com General Supervisor of Safety, Homestead Works, United States Steel Co., Munhall, Pa.;.J. A. DOWNEY, JR., Director, Personnel Sc Safety, Sloss-Sheffield Steel St Iron Company, Birmingham, Ala.-, A. L. LOTT, Manager of Industrial Relations, The Sled Past General Chairman. 0003:^8 Company of Canada, Ltd., General Offices, Hamilton, Canada. C. J. VAN DEVENTER, Safety Director, Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. 38 39 Officers of the MINING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 (. j Safety Promotion Committer--R. F. WILSON (Chairman), Oliver Iron Mining Co.. Duluth, Minn.; P. D. McMUKREK, Mining Congress Journal, Washington. I). C ; I EVAN JUST, Engineering S: Mining Journal, New York, N. Y ; JOHN IX)RSCII. . Mining World, San Francisco, Cal.; II. R RICE, Canadian Mining looittal, tiinlcn y1- vale, Quebec, Canada. i\' Hygiene and Ventilation Committee--R. EMMETT DOHERTY (Chairman), Anthracite Institute, Wilkes-Barre, l'a.; E. A. ANUNDSEN, l'ickands Mather ft Company, '. Duluth, Minn.; C. WESLEY POTTER, Homcstakc Mining Co., Lead, So. Dak. General Chairman--CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario; Timmins, Ontario, Canada. First Vice-Chairman--A. J. STROMQUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Ishpcmiug, Mich. Second Vice-Chairman--J. O. MARSHALL, St. Joseph Lead Co., Balmat, N. Y. Third Vice-Chairman--OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining Co, Salt Lake City, Utah. Secretary & News Letter Editor--D. O. KENNEDY, Safety and Health Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Entertainment Committee--J. T. RYAN, JR. (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Member.s-al-I.arpc--*GEORGE GERRY, Picknnds Mather & Co., Ironwood, Midi.; : WALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Qncliec Aslwslos Mining Assn., Montreal, QucIkt, .. Canada; *JAMES K. RICHARDSON, Kcnnccolt Copper Co., Salt I-akc City, Utah; ( *JOHN L. BOARDMAN, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont.; *C. M. FELL- . MAN, The Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wis.; A. W. NESS, American Smelling & Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; *P. M. ARTHUR, American Zinc Co. of 'V.- Tennessee, Mascoit, Tcnn.; ANGUS D. CAMPBELL, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ont., Canada; *W. H. COMINS, Baroid Sales Div, National Lead Co,'Texarkana, Texas; *R. DAWSON HALL, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing | Co, Inc, New York, N. Y.; S. E. SHARP, Tennessee Copper Co, Copperhill, Tcnn.; i. R. F. A. THEW, Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd, Sleep Rock Lake, Ontario. Canada; t: D. D. MOFFAT, Utah Copper Co, Salt Lake.City, Utah; R. II. SKIP. The New Jersey Zinc Co, Franklin, N. J.; `JOHN TREWEEK, Ilonicstake Mining Co, Lead, i ' S. D.; HOWARD I. YOUNG, American Zinc, Lead & Smelling Co, St. Louis, Mo. Engineering Committee--GEORGE GEDGE (Chairman), Calumet and lleda Consoli Staff Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Chicago, Ml. dated Copper Co., Calumet, Midi.; RALPH CLELAND, International Nickel Co, Cooper Cliff, Ontario, Canada; F. R. HIKCHFIELD, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Com *Past General Chairman pany, Birmingham, Ala.; C. E. SHEA, Oliver Iron Mining Company, Ililihiug, Minn.; H. B. HUTCHENS, Eagle Richer Mining & Smelling Co., Cardin, Okla.; RAY MOND R. KN1LL, Potash Company of America, Carlsbad, New Mexico; JOHN 11. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelling Co., Ltd., of Canada, Trail, British Columbia, Canada. Membership Committee--J. T. WILLIAMS (Chairman), Bunker Hill ft Sullivan Mining s'& Concentration Co, Kellogg, Idaho; M. R. McPHERSON, Kcrr-Addison Gold Mines, Ltd, Virginiatown, Ontario, Canada; C. R. NEIL, Bethlehem Cornwall Corp, Corn- wall, Pa.; E. RUN El IJ ELM, Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company, Flin Flon, Manitoba, Canada. Program Committee--S. II. ASli (Chairman), Safety & Health Branch, U. S. Bureai of Mines, Washington, D. C.; W. O. TOWER, Chief Inspector of Mines, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C. M. ELLEDGE, Reynolds Mining Corp, ' Alexander, Ark. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--L. F. BISHOP (Chairman), Anaconda Copper Min ing Co, Butte, Mont.; R. E. IIARMON, Phelps Dodge Corp, New Cornelia Branch Ajo, Ariz.; G. W. KNUDSEN, Utah Copper Company, Bingham, Utah; GEORGE W. STREEPEY. Alcoa Mining Co, New York, N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLARD. National Gypsum Co, Buffalo, N. Y.; LAMAR WEAVER, Tennessee Copper Co, Copperhill, Tenn.; A. H. ZEILINGER, Colorado Fuel Sc Iron Co, Pueblo, Colorado . Statistics Committee--FOREST T. MOYER (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Acci dent Analyses Div, Washington, D. C. 82 Officers of the Chairman Off-thc-Jab Safely Committee--C. I,. HIGHTOWER, United Gas Pipe Line Co,, Shreveport, La. PETROLEUM SECTION Chairman Contest and Statistical Committee--,|. H. CAMERON, The Atlantic Refining |}.' Co., Philadelphia, Pa. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52| Ntm Letter Editor-A. R. ROWLE^The Texas Co., New York. N. Y. "'JLi.distant News Letter Editor--ELLIS K. LOC11ER, Ethyl Corp., New York, N. Y. ii.Pest General Chairmen--W, O. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana); I). M. FAR- General Chairman--C. 1). ATTAWAY, Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, La. | REE,; Shell Pipe Line Corp.; D. A. jj&EMME, Stanolind Oil & Gas Co.; W. 1. KENT* Magnolia Petroleum O).; J. HOWARD MYERS, The Atlantic Refining Co.; Vice-General Chairman--WALTER BOON, Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. - C. ASKAM, The Ohio Oil Co.; J. L. RISINGER, Socony-Vactmm Oil Secretary--F. G. WILSON, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. ` ` W-I CiM WI.SI. Slnr Chairman Emeritus--ROY S. BONSIB, Scnrsdale, N. Y. Vice-Chairman [or Production--,1. II. McKENZIF'-j General Petroleum Cov|>., Los A-J geles, Calif. Vice-Chairman for Marketinfl--ALEXIS DE TARNOWSKY, The Pure Oil Co., eago, III. ; *i Vice-Chairman for Pipe Lines--E. W. 11 ERGOU 1ST, Interstate Oil Pipette, Shreveport, La. *' vspiaimfiiu v * i ------------ ,, : LACE, Sinclair Prairie Oil fafR0Y S. BONSIB (Retired). Representative--RO^jjptiIJF.NSON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Vice-Chairnum for Exploration and Drilling--W. W. DUNCAN, Loflland Bros <A| Ttilsa, Okla. Vice-Chairman for Manufacturing--J. B. Df.LAUNE, Cities Service Corp., Tulwilcr Rfrj finery, Lake Charles, La. Chairman Atlantic Division--A. !i. HACC1NI, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pi| Chairman Gulf Coast Division--R. L. CARRUTHERS, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Ho Tex. Chairman Great Lakes Division--W. W. WHITLOCK, Illinois Farm Supply Co., Chi-1 cago, III. Chairman Mid-Continent Division--FRED CLAIBORNE, Stanolind Oil Sc Gas Tulsa, Okla. Chairman Pacific Coast Division--E. M. McCRACKKN, Shell Oil Co., l.-os Angcfc^J Calif. .Vf Chairman Research Committee--W. O. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chic m. jhi-. ,, C'/imVtiiatt Eiipmrm'n.17 Coimniffrr--PARKER FOLSE, Magnolia Petroleum Co., rnont, Tex. Visual Aids Committee--). R. MORRISON (Chairman), Shell Oil Co., New Yo3 N. Y.; LEWIS A. MARTIN (Co-Chairman), Oklahoma A & M College, Stitlwalgy Okla. Chairtnan Health Committee--DR. B. B. REEVE, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), 111. : 000330 : 46 17 Officers of the PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 .i Membership Committee--F. T. ELLKNUERG (Chairman), Safely Dir, Atlantic City Electric Co, Atlantic City, N. J.; J. G. DICKINSON, Supt. of Acc. Pre., Wisconsin Electric Power Co, Milwaukee, Wis.; II. A. PTOLEMY, Safety Supvr, Public Serv ice Co. of Northern Illinois, Chicago, III.; AYLES B. SIIKKKK, Safety Engineer, Rural Electrification Adm, Atlanta, Ga. Poster Committee--E. M. CHASE (Chairman), Safety Dir, Central Vermont Public. ' Service Corp, Rutland, *Vt.; PAUL WINDSOR, Safely Eng, Bureau of Safely, Chicago, III. General Chairman--W. H. ADAMS, Safely Consultant, American Gas Association, New York, N. Y. -* -Water Utilities Committee--EONS. J. HUGHES, Safety Engineer, Pacific Power & Light Co, Public Service Bldg, Portland, Ore. Pice-Chairman--\V. T. ROGERS, Shfety Consultant, Ebasco Services, Inc., New York, N. Y. Secretary--D. C. STEWART, Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation, Huflalo, N. Y.' ' P.ngineering Committee -- KOUERT McELDOWNEY, JR. (Chairman), Safety Dir,: United Fuel Gas Company, Charleston, W. Va.; F. II. LaMASTER, llcail. Safety t. .lob Training Section, Management Div., U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Rural Electrification Adm, Washington, D. C.; EVERETT RAVN, Dir. of Safety, Wisconsin Power & Light Company, Madison, Wis.; C. A. COUTTS, Div. of Safety, Northern State* j Power Co, Minneapolis, Minn.; LESTER LIND, Safety Director, Michigan-Wisconsini Pipe Line Co, Detroit, Mich.' . si V* Data Sheet Subcommittee--FREDERICK G. IIARRIMAN (Chairman), Safety Mgr,f New England Power Service Co, Boston, Mass.; HOWARD K. COOK, Ass'l Mgr,) Safety Dep't, Philadelphia Electric Co, Philadelphia, Pa.; EUGENE E. EDMOND-)-, SON, Safety Director, Texas Eastern Transmission Corp, Shreveport, La.; C. E. MAMMON, Safety Dir, Columbus & Southern Ohio Electric Co, Columbus, Ohio.-/ Safety Instruction Card Subcommittee--E. T. MARSHALL (Chairman), System Safety>.i. Eng., Pennsylvania Electric Co, Johnstown, Pa.; FORREST D. NORHERG, Safety; Dir, Utah Power 8: Light Co, Salt Lake City, Utah; WILLIAM J. EASTON, Dir. of.| Acc. Pre, The Cincinnati Gas 8r Electric Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. "< Publicity Committee--DAVID A. FLEMING, Safely Promotion S|iecialisl, U. S. Itrp't of Labor, Bur. of Laltor Standards-Safcty Standards, Washington, D. I'.; HAROLD j W. MASTERS, Safety Director, Asplundh Tree Expert Co, .lenkintown, l'a. '.[Program Committee--W. S. KITCHEN (Chairman), System Safety Supvr, Appalachian Electric Power Co, Roanoke, Va.; VV. F. BROWN, Safety Dir, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc, New York, N. Y.;.R. P. DOUGLAS, Safety Dir, The Detroit Edison Co, Detroit, Mich. '.News Letter Committee--JACK APPEL (Giairman), Supvr. of Safely, Commonwealth : - Edison Co, Chicago, III.; H. T. JAYNE, Safety Supvr, The Philadelphia Gas Works - Co,, Philadelphia, Pa. Statistics & Contest Committee--R. E. WALTER (Chairman), Safely Director, Omaha . _ Public Power District, Omaha, Neb.; M. M. MEHRING, Safety Sup'v, The Phila'f' delphia Gas Works Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Special Projects Committee--L. C. SCHAFER (Chairman), Safely Sup'v, Michigan Gas Storage Co, Jackson, Mich.; R. S. METZGER, Dir. of Claims 8- Safely, Toledo Edison Co, Toledo, Ohio; C. A. FISCHBACK, Safety Supvr, Southern California Edison Co, Alhambra, Calif.; V. I, WOMELDORFF, Safety Director, Illinois Power Co, Decatur, 111;; F. JOHN ALBI, Safely Supvr. City of Seattle, Dep't of Lighting, Seattle, Wash. Safety Ideas Committee--R. R. CONN (Chairman), Supvr. of Training 8t Safety, Power Station Dept, Duqucsne Light Co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; EUGENE D. McATEE, Ass't j Vice Pres. & Safety Dir, The L. E. Myers Co, Chicago, III.; C. D. MURDOCK, Safety Supvr, Kansas City Power 8; Light Co, Kansas City, Mo.; K. II. ELF- ' STROM, Supvr. of Industrial Safety, British Columbia F.lectric Railway Co. Ltd, Vancouver, B. C. Visual Aids Committee--A. 11. LARSEN (Chairman), Supvr, Safely 8- Training Div,' Const. Dept, Commonwealth Edison Co, Chicago, III.; C. P. SIIIREY, Safety Dir,. Gulf States Utilities Co, Beaumont, Tex.; C. W. PROVONCHEE, Pers. Dir, Provi dence Gas Co, Providence, R. I.; D. E. HUSK, Safety Dir, New Jersey Power 8c-. Light Co, Dover, N. J. j Members-at-Large--B. A. THORNTON, South Bend, Ind.; P. A. ALDERTY, Co lumbus, Ohio. V Councilors (Past General Chairmen)--1916-17, J. II. DOUGLAS; 1919-20. WILLIS ` MacLACHLAN; 1925-26, B. B. McCULLOCH; 1926-27, GEORGE OPP; 1927-28, C. J. RUTLAND; 1928-29, II. F. WEBB; 1930-JI, E. S. BEAUMONT; 19.11,12, G. A. DOELLKR; 19.12-3.1, C. 11. IIOULET; 1934-35, E. J. KREII; 1935-36. ROY M. GODWIN; 1938-39, R. S. METZGER; 19.19-40. II. A. PTOLEMY; PMO II, CHARLES S. BOWDEN; *1941-42, Pi L, G. 1IASSKARL; 1942-43, D. C. DUN CAN; 194J-44, E. S. MINER; *1944-46, J. T. O'BRIEN; 1946-47, I. O. LESLIE; 1947-48, J. B. PORC11ER; 1948-49, E. L. FITZGERALD; 1949-50, JOHN Mac- LELLAN; 1950-51, E. H. IIANNAFORD. Health Committee--DR. HART E. FISHER (Giairman), Medical Dept, Chicago Tran-.' sit Authority, Chicago, III.; DR. H. R. McKEEN, Med. Dir, Public Service Co. of , Colorado, Denver, Colo. Training Committee--P. M. GENTZEL (Chairman), Safely Coordinator, Ohio Edison ! Co, Akron, Ohio; J. M. FALLS, Dir. of Safety 8c Training, Northern Indiana Public Service Co, Hammond, Iud.; JAMES B. HALL, Mgr. of Acc. Pre, Equitable Gas Co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; D. E. ALBERTSON, Safety Engineer, Pennsylvania Power 8c i . Light Co, *' telton, Pa. Special Representatives--W. F. BROWN (Chairman, Acc. Pre. Committee EEI), Safely Director, Consolidated Edison Co. of New Yorl^nc, New York, N. Y.; A. SIDNEY HANCOCK (Chairman, Acc. Pre. Committee SafetyJQiu^Jor, Lnnglsland Lighting Co., Miucola, N. Y. ' " *' '[1/1 Staff Representative--GEORGE' MacDONALD, Safely Council, Ghtieirangno,. HQ 'Deceased. ooocn 19 Officers of the RAILROAD SECTION] NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951 -52 Program Committee--*}. R. TllliX TON (Chairman), The Delaware, Lackawanna and ' Western Railroad Company^ Hoboken, N. J.; L. C. HAHNEY (Vice-Chairman), Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company, Joliet, 111.; F. R. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company, Chicago, lit.; *J. It, TENNEY, The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Ma.; F, B. LEWIS, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Omaha, . ' Neb.; E. E. SEYFARTH, Belt,Rnilway-Cliicago k Western Indiana Railroad, Clii ago, III.; *W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, y III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St Louit-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. General Chairman--L. E. HOFFMAN, St. Louts Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Texl Vice-Chairman--R. C. SABENS.TIte New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Com-! pany, Cleveland, Ohio. %\ ` :Poster Committee--M. A. NUGENT (Chairman), The Southern Pacific Company, San Francisco, Cal.; R. S. JAMES (Vice-Chairman), Denver and Rio Grande Western r; Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; G. R. HUNTOON, Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.; L. B. HARPER, Illinois Central Railroad, j! Chicago, III.; O. R. DIAMOND, Kansas City Southern Railway Company, Shreve port, La.; B. A. McDONALD, Missotiri-Pacihc-Texas Lines, Dallas, Tex. Secretary and News Letter Editor--R. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western]} Railroad Company, Denver, Colo. /ts.tocialion Liaison Committee--*A, V. R011WEDER (Chairman). Duluth, Missalie andj Iron Ranee Railway Company, Duluth, Minn.; *D. E. MUMFORD (Vice-Chairman),; New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway System, Washington, D. C. Contest Committee--*C. L. LaFOUNTAINE (Chairman), The Great Northern Railway ' Company, St. Paul, Minn.; *G. W. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and; Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway Sys tem, Washington, D. C.; F. R. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company, Chicago, 111.;. D. W. NAFF, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va. } Safe Practices Pamphlets Committee--J. P. WADSWORTH (Chairman), Canadian Na tional Railways, Montreal, Quebec; G. M. DEMPSEY (Vice-Chairman), Gticago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.; A, E. DUNCAN, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.; C. D. BLUE, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Raiiroad Company, Danville, III.; W. G. LANDRAM, Wabash Railroad Company, St. Louis, Mo. `/Safety Devices Committee--E. E SEYFARTH (Chairman), Belt Railway-Qiicago k Western Indiana Railroad, Chicago, III.; G. C. STROMSOE (Vice-Chairman), At- , (antic Coast Line Railroad Company, Wilmington, N. C.; G. A. ROBINSON, The ' Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Richmond, Va.; R. II. SHORT, The Nash ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway Coiniiauy, Nashville, Tcim.; S. S. SANDFORD, The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, Jersey City, N. J.; J. T. WILLIAMS, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, l'a. Film and Sound Committee--R. I. GREENFIELD (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific Railway,.Montreal, Quebec; E. H. BLEWER (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; R. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad; Company, Denver, Colo.; M. A. NUGENT, The Southern Pacific Company, San Fran-., cisco, Cal.; E. J. FLAHERTY, (,chigh Valley Railroad, New York, N. Y.; J. El SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III. Safety Instruction Card and Safetygraph Committee--J. E. TOOHliY (Chairman), New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, New Haven, Conn.; C. T. DeWITT (Vice-Chairman), Northern Pacific Railway Company, St. Paul. Minn.; J. A. FLETCHER, The Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway Company, Hamilton, . Ontario; A. J. BENSAIA, Boston and Maine Railroad Company, Boston, Mass.; H. A. LINDERER, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Ma Highway-Railway Crossing Committee--C. M. KIMBALL (Chairman) Southern Rail--' way System, Washington, D. C.; *G. XV. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. T. DeWITT, Northern Pacific Rail way Company, St. Paul, Minn.; E. L. DUGGAN, The Alchisop, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Lonis-San Francisco Rail way Company, St. Louis, Mo.; D. E. MUMFORD, New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; J. E. SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III.; J. P. WADSWORTH, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quebec; J. T. WIL LIAMS, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Health Committee--C. H. O'DONNEL, M.D. (Chairman), New York Central System, Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--*XV. II. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; L. II. P1CKRYL (Vice-Chairman), The River Ter minal Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. BENSON, The Chicago, Milwaukee; St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.; FRANK L. W1NEGAR, The Chicago, South Shore and South'Bend Railroad Company, Michigan City, Ind.; F. R. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company Chicago, III.; D. P. BROWDER, Richmond Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company, Richmond, Va.; W. C. LARAWAY, The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. Statistics Committee--*}. R. TENNEY (Chairman), The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; D. C. IRVING (Vice-Chairman), The Pennsylvania - Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa.; B. A. GRUBBS, Norfolk and Western Railway Company. Roanoke, Va.; S. D. COULTON, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroau j Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Trespassing Committee--*W. II. ROBERTS (Giairinan), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago.. III.; CAPT. J. R. NUTTER (Vice-Chairman), Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad Company, Louisville, Ky.; C. M. KIMBALL, South ern Railway System, Washington. L). C.: M. BRACY, Southern Railway System, Cincinnati, Ohio; I-IOMER CONNOR, The Hal'imorc ami Ohio Railroad Company, Li Baltimore, Md.; II. C. DAULTON, The I-ouisvillc ami Nashville Railroad Company. i Louisville, Ky. '* ' Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. V s *Past General Chairman Nominations and Elections Committee--*.!. R. TIIF.XTON (Chairman), The Delaware, ; Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. J.; *D. E. MUMFORD j (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; ROBERT SCOTT. Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Wilmington, N. C.; W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and ! North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Louis-Saa j Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. 38 N ) Officers of the TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--NEIL NELSON, District Engineering Manager, American Mutual -t Liability Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H. Vice-Chairman for Membership--ROBERT l. BARR, Safety Supervisor, Industrial - Rayon Corporation, Painesville, Ohio. '^ Membership Associates--LEWIS P. SORRELL, Deputy Commissioner, North Carolina ; Department of Labor, Kalcigii, N. C.; HAROLD F. HAYDEN, Safely Training & 'j Medical Director, Columbian Rope Company, Auburn, N. Y. Secretary--CHARLES L. TROMMER, Chief, Safety Branch, Personnel Department, f Mohawk Carpet Mills, Amsterdam, N. Y. .5 News Letter and Publicity Editor--ARTHUR A. KINSMAN, Safety Director, Crown ^ Manufacturing Company, Pawtucket, R. I. Associate Editor--RICHARD G. MORRIS, Robert V. Coleman, Inc., New York City. Statistical and Contest Committee--J. W. STEWART, Assistant Manager, Industrial . Relations Division, Carter Operating Group, J. P. Stevens & Company, Inc., Greens boro, N. C. Program Committee--H. S. BAUCOM, Safety Director, North Carolina Industrial Com mission, Raleigh. N. C. Off-the-)ob Committee--FRANCES BETHUNE, R.N., Employers Mutual Liability . Insurance Co, Charlotte, N. C. Health Committee--DR. STANLEY SPRAGUE, Medical Director, J t I> Coats, Inc, Pawtucket, R. I. Visual Education Committee--JOSEPH A. WINKLER, Assistant Southern Division Manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Atlanta, Ga. Engineering Committee--WILLIAM G. ENNIS, Deputy Commissioner, Department of Labor, Hartford, Conn. Engineering Associate--V,. L. PERMENTER, Supervisor Loss Prevention Dept, Liberty :* Mutual Insurance Company, Spartanburg, S. C. Synthetic Fibre Committee--GLENN G. FLEMING, Safety Director, Celancse Corporation of America, New York, N. Y. Wool and Worsted Committer--JOHN J. BURGER, Safety Director, W. J. Dickely & : Sons, Oella, Baltimore County, N^d. " Trade Associations Committee--P. M. WELPTON, Vice-President, The American^ . Thread Company, New York. N. Y.; A. WATSON COCROFT, Berkshire Find Spinning Associates, Inc, Providence, R. I. Cotton Co tee--FOREST N. PETTY, Safely Director, Dan River Mills, Danville, V? Dyeing and Finishing Committee--EARLE D. SYLVIA, Personnel Director, Bradford Dyeing Association (U.S.A.), Westerly, R. I. Members-al-Large--*C. J. HYSLUP, Safety Director, Chatham Manufacturing Company, Elkin, N. G; *ROBERT M. MURRAY, Chief, Division of Industrial Inspection, Department of Labor, Providence, R. I.; *H. E. WILLIAMS, Safety Director, Fieldcrest Mills, Division of Marshall Field & Company, Inc, Spray, N. C.; *E. G. PADGETT, Safety Engineer, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. G; ^FRANCES BETHUNE, R.N, Employers Mutual Lia bility Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. C.; J. D. BROWN, Safely Director, American Enka Corp, Enka, N. Gj T. B. IPOCK, JR, Director Industrial Relations, Firestone Textiles, Gastonia, N. C.; SARAH VAN SANT, R.N, Super- vising Nurse, Graniteville Company, Grauiteville, S. C. Staff Representative-ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago. III. Fill Cenerit Chaltmaa