Document RnY2pvYO49KKx0M6apXoqrz
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Centers for Disease Control National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health Robert A. Taft Laboratories 4676 Columbia Parkway Cincinnati OH 45226
Mr. Gilbert B. Meyers Ethyl Corporation. Corporate Medical Department 451 Florida Boulevard Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70801
Dear Mr. Meyers:
Enclosed is a copy of the draft report of the industrial hygiene survey conducted during the tetraethyl lead study at the Ethyl Corporation in Pasadena, Texas, on April 7-10, 1980. A copy has also been forwarded to the Plant Manager of the Pasadena plant for review and comments.
If you have any questions, you may contact me at (513) 684-3255.
Sincerely yours,
1 Enclosure
Virginia Ringenborg Industrial Hygienist Industrial Hygiene Section Industrywide Studies Branch Division of Surveillance, Hazard
Evaluations and Field Studies
HO 3005
/
/
i
SURVEY REPORT OF ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TEXAS 77501
SURVEY CONDUCTED BY: Michael S. Crandall
Charles McCaramon
DATE OF SURVEY: April 7-10, 1980
REPORT WRITTEN BY:. Virginia L. Ringenburg
DATE OF REPORT: January 19, 1985
REPORT #: .115-10
Industrial Hygiene Section Industrywide Studies Branch Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Centers for Disease Control
Cincinnati, Ohio
fC 3006
b
Purpose of Survey:
Employer Representative
Contacted:
,
Employee Representative Contacted:
Standard Industrial Classification of Company:
The purpose of the industrial hygiene survey was to determine the Ethyl Cor poration employees' exposure to tetraeth el lead (TEL), inorganic lead (Pb), ethylene dibromide (EDB), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethyl chloride.
Dr. D.B. Johns, Pasadena Plant Physician Ethyl Corp.
Mr. Jonathan Jacoby, Industrial Hy gienist, Ethyl Corp.
Mr. Ron Guinn, Safety Representative, OCAVf, Local 16000
2869
i pc 3007
Disclaimer Mention of company names or products does not constitute endorsement by NIOSH
ii 8C 3008
Table o Contents.
Abstract..........................................................................................................................................v
Table of Contents......................................................'.......................................................... iii
Introduction.................
1
Plant Description......... ........................................................... .`.............................. ............... 2
Description of Industrial Hygiene,Safety, andMedical Programs........................ 3
Description of Workforce............................................................
4
Process Description................................................. .'..............................................................5
Potential Exposures and Controls Used..'............... ..............'........................................6
Production and Toxicity of SubstancesMonitored.....................................................7-9
Survey Methods..............................................................................................................
10
Statistical Methods..........................................................................^................................... 11
Results and Discussion.......................................................................................................... 12
Conclusions.................................................................................................................................. 12
Recommendations................................................................... ..................................................... IS
References ...................
16-17
Appendix...............................................
l8
Figures
A-l..Flow chart of Ethyl Corp. tetraethyl leadprocess and plants............... 18
A-2. Tetraethyl lead process flow, reaction and material requirements..19
Tables
1. Worker exposure levels for tetraethyl lead (TEL) greater than the OSHA standard (0.075 mg/nr)..................... ......................... ...........................13
2. Worker exposure levels for lead (Pb) greater than the OSHA standard (0.050 mg/nr).......................................................................................
14
iii PC 3009
A-l. Applicable standards of substances monitored at Ethyl Corporation........................................................................................... *...........20
A-2. Summary statistics of tetraethyl lead........................................................21-22
A--3* Summary statistic? of lead....................... .............................................. *..23-24
' A-4- Summary statistics of ethylene dibromide........................................................ 25
A-5* Summary statistics of ethylene dichloride...................................................... 26
A-6. Summary statistics of ethyl chloride.......................................................... 27
A-7* Notation for sample data tables............................................................................28
A-8. Summary of tetraethyl lead samples.............................................................. 29-34
A-9* Summary of lead samples.....................................................................................35-39
A-10. Summary of ethylene dibromide samples....................................................40-41
A-ll. Summary of ethylene dichloride samples....................
42-43
A-12. Summary of ethyl chloride samples............................................................ 44-45
iv EC 3010
Abstract An industrial hygiene survey was conducted at the Ethyl Corporation to estimate worker exposure to tetraethyl lead (TEL) and other air contaminants in the TEL manufacturing and blending units. Personal and area samples were collected for tetraethyl lead, inorganic lead, ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride and ethyl chloride. Tetraethyl lead sampling results ranged from 0.011 to 0.159 mg/m^, and in organic lead (Pb) sampling results ranged from 0.0027 to 0.869 mg/m^. Ten percent of the TEL and inorganic lead personal samples were above the 0SHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 0.075 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^) -for TEL and 0.05 mg/nr for inorganic lead. Approximately 6.55? of the inorganic Pb samples were above the NIOSH recommended standard of 0.10 mg/m . However, Ethyl employees wore protective clothing and respirators which had been quan titatively fit tested. Levels of ethylene dibromide (EDB), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethyl chloride personal samples averaged 0.064, 0.068, and 0.295
. O ,, -t . mg/m^j the 0SHA standards are 154 * 202, and 2600 mg/mJ, respectively. NIOSH
recommended standards are 1 mg/ttr as a ceiling level for EDB and 20 mg/mJ as a Time Weighted Average (TWA) for EDC.
FC 3011
Introduction
Under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (set forth by the 91st Congress, S.9123, Public Law 91-596) the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was given the authority and responsibility for conducting and reporting on field research studies in industry. Section 20(a)7 states that NIOSH shall conduct and publish industrywide studies of the effects of chronic low level exposure to industrial materials, processes, and stresses
v
n the potential for illness, disease or loss of functional capacity in the aging adult.
Manufacture of tetraethyl lead for use as a gasoline additive began in 1923By 1924, commercial activities were stopped due to TEL intoxication of workers. An extensive investigation conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service revealed that if adequate precautions were taken in TEL's manufacture and
5
addition to gasoline, the use of TEL should not endanger workers' health. Industry developed more hygienic work practices and better technology, began clinical surveillance of TEL workers, and resumed production of TEL in 1926. 2 Several years later (and as late as the 1970's), TEL intoxication was observed in employees engaged in cleaning and repairing large gasoline storage tanks. It was discovered that most of these cases were due to laxness in wearing of safety apparel, especially air supplied respirators.*
In June, 1978, NIOSH responded to a Health Hazard Evaluation (HHE) request at the Ethyl Corporation plant in Pasadena, Texas. The request was prompted by the occurrence of three cases of multiple myeloma among long-term plant employees who had been exposed to TEL. These cases were diagnosed between 1971 and 1976.
To assist in the Health Hazard Evaluation, an investigation was conducted by NIOSH epidemiologists. The incidence of multiple myeloma among workers at the Pasadena plant was determined to be approximately IS times that ex pected by using race-specific data from the Third National Cancer Survey (1969-1971) and the State of Connecticut (1970), and the person-years calcu lated for workers employed a minimum of one year. These results prompted NIOSH to undertake a combined retrospective cohort mortality study and indus trial hygiene evaluation of workers at the Ethyl Corporation plant in Pasadena, Texas.
1 EC 3012
This industrial hygiene survey was performed on April 7-10, 19SO, to determine the TEL plant employees' exposure to TEL, inorganic lead (Pb), ethylene dibro mide (EDB), ethylene dichloride (EDC), and ethyl chloride. The exposure data will be used in conjunction with the ongoing epidemiological retrospective cohort mortality study. This data represents exposure at the time of this survey and may not be indicative of past exposure.
Piant Description
t*
The Ethyl Corporation is comprised of eight buildings on 400 acres of land in Pasadena, Texas. (The major plant buildings and processes may be seen in Figure A-l.) The plant was built in 1952 principally for production of the motor fuel antiknock compound tetraethyl lead (TEL). Several other processes operating at the facility produced linear alcohols, linear olefins, diethyl aniline, ethyl chloride, ethylene dichloride, and aluminum alkyls. Production of vinyl chloride monomer was begun in 1965 and terminated in 1975*
Much of the Pasadena plant and its operations were open to the environment. The TEL process, however,, was enclosed, and laminar flow ventilation systems and air sampling monitors were added to the process areas to reduce worker exposures. The TEL building contained four floors. The alloy area occupied part of the first three floors on the southwest end of the building. The lead-sodium alloy and ethyl chloride were charged from the fourth floor to the autoclaves on the third floor. The steam stills were located on the second floor, the blending area occupied a three floor area on the north end of the building, and the recovery furnaces were located on the ground floor along the east side of the building.
The entire TEL process was manually operated until I96C when half of the process was automated. This included automatic charge pot filling and conveying to the autoclave charging station; however, manual operations were still required in the actual autoclave charging. The TEL production at this plant was closed down in 19SI.
2 PC 3013
Description of Industrial Hygiene:, Safety and Medical Programs
Industrial Hygiene Ethyl Corporation employed a staff of seven industrial hygienists at corporate headquarters in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with one hygienist located at the Pasadena plant. The hygienists conducted a comprehensive quarterly monitoring
t program to check for exposures to physical agents, TEL, and chemicals used in the TEL and other processes. All process areas were provided with forced air (general) ventilation and local exhaust ventilation.
Safety Program A formal safety program in which all employees were involved, was under the direction of the Safety and Health Supervisor, Robert Mack. Under this program, descriptive literature on Ethyl's products was provided as yell as protective clothing such as slicker suits, gloves, chemically impervious safety boots, goggles, hard hats, and respirators (which included quarter-face, half-face, and full-face). Ethyl also had a quantitative respirator fit testing (QNFT) program.
Facilities for changing clothes and taking showers were provided and use of these facilities was mandatory. The change area consisted of clean and "dirty" sides with showers in between. Laundry facilities were also provided by the company, and personal respirators were cleaned in that, area. Safety sh wers were installed throughout the TEL building as well as a kerosene shower in the clothes change area for personnel exposed to TEL liquid.
Medical Program The Ethyl Corporation, Pasadena plant, employed one full-time physician and a full-time licensed nurse. There was also an employee on each shift with formal first aid training; these employees were designated to provide emergency medical treatment. Preplacement (which replaced preemployment) and annual physical examinations were required for all employees and included a chest x-ray, hearing and visual acuity tests, lung function test, urinalysis, blood chemistry analysis, and an electrocardiogram (ECC) for those ,40 years of age and over.
EC 3014
3
In addition, urine samples were collected approximately every 2-6 months and blood samples collected every 6 months; these samples were analysed for total lead. If an employee's lead level was elevated" (above 40 ug/lOOg of blood), the individual was removed from the TEL area until his lead level returned to an acceptable level (below 40 ug/lOOg of blood).
Past analyses have revealed increased blood and urine lead levels with lead intoxication symptoms in some employees. These results as well as any injuries (10 lost-time accidents during 1979)* complaints, and other examinations handled by the plant clinic were noted in the employees' medical records. These medical records have been retained from the time the plant opened in 1952 for all employees who have worked at the Pasadena facility.
-- -------- . .
Description of the Workforce
This plant employed 1200 people at the time of this survey; 1000 in production and 200 in administration. As of 1978, 14$ of these employees were black, 5$ of Hispanic origin, and 4$ female. Women with child bearing potential were not permitted to work in the TEL area due to the possible harmful effects of inorganic lead on the fetus. Production was continuous over three shifts; with 12$ employees per shift in the TEL plant. The union representing the Ethyl employees was the Oil, Chemical, and Atomic Workers Union (0CAW), Local 16000.
The main area evaluated during this survey was the TEL manufacturing and blending unit. Fourteen people, excluding maintenance employees, worked in this unit on each shift; Variations in numbers were caused by addition or deletion of trainees per shift. The breakdown of workers by area per shift during the survey was as follows:
Area Furnaces
Alloy area Main Building
Blender area
Number of Workers
3 furnace operators1 relief man 1 furnace foreman
1 hopper booth operator 1 charge pot operator
1 4th floor operator 1 3rd floor operator 2 2nd floor operators
2 blender operators 1 blender foreman
4
ETC 301 &
Process Description
Tetraethyl lead is generally made by reacting a lead-sodium alloy with ethyl chloride in an autoclave. (See Appendix, Figures A-l and A-2 for a descrip tion of the TEL process.) The crude product is purified by vacuum distillation and water washing.^
The Ethyl TEL process, a multireactor continuous batch operation, was housed in a four story enclosed structure. The alloy area occupied part' of the first three floors on the southwest end of the TEL building where the lead-sodium alloy [90# lead (Pb) and 10$ sodium (Na)] was prepared in an alloy pot. The liquid alloy was transferred to a drum caster where it was cast, oil cooled to solidify, and crushed. All operations- were carried out in a nitrogen atmos phere. The crushed alloy (in flake form) was moved by a vibrating conveyor to a hopper on the fourth floor. The hopper was purged with nitrogen and filled with the flaked alloy by either the manual "A" or automated MB" process. From there the crushed alloy was charged into a horizontal autoclave (with approximately 100 pounds per square inch (psi) of pressure and safety valve) which was located on the third floor. After the autoclave was charged with the alloy, ethyl chloride was fed slowly into the autoclave where part of it was vaporized by heat evolved from the reaction. The vaporized ethyl chloride was condensed in a reflux condenser and returned to the autoclave. Vaporization supplemented by circulation of a coolant in the autoclave jacket kept the reactants at 65-75C and 50-60 psi. Any gaseous by-products were vented through the reflux condenser. Various catalysts, such as aldehydes, acids, ketones, esters, etc., were used in concentrations of 1 to 2% to speed up the reaction.
When the reaction was completed, the autoclave was vented into a steam still located on the second floor. (Each still was opened and checked prior to loading and before dumping bottoms.) Caustics, fatty acid, and hot water were used in the stills to vaporize the last traces of ethyl chloride, to decrease the surface tension, and to distill the TEL from the spongy metallic mass. (Sodium sulfide, sulfur, and caustic were combined to produce sodium thiosulfate which when mixed with ferric chloride and added to the stills prevents "hailing" of the solid material). The tetraethyl lead and water were removed from the top of the stills and placed in a settling tank where the water was drawn off the top.
EC 3016 5
The lead-salt sludge and water remaining in the stills were dumped out the
bottom to a sludge pit. The slurry from the still was washed free of sodium
chloride and passed (under slight vacuum) through the dryer twice before
being resmelted in three recovery furnaces located on the east side of the
ground floor. In the furnaces, impurities were skimmed off before going to
the melting pot. Seventy-five percent of the Pb used was recovered (and reused)
since only about 25$ of the lead fed into the autoclave was consumed in the
process reaction.
`
The crude TEL from the still was aereated, washed, filtered, and pumped to
the blending area which was located on three floors on the north side of
the building. There, under a nitrogen blanket, the ethylene dibromide, ethylene
dichloride, and kerosene were automatically metered into the blender and
the dyes. Automate orange-2 (oil soluble) and Ethyl red 105 (granular), were
manually added through a chute to the.crude TEL.
;
Mixed lead alkyls (MLA) and tetramethyl lead are also manufactured; these compounds and TEL are mixed according to customer specifications and shipped to refineries for use as gasoline additives.
Potential Exposures and Controls Used
The TEL process could be divided into
main areas: alloy, autoclave,
steam still, recovery, and blending areas, among which the exposure potential
varied. Elemental lead (Pb) exposure was possible throughout the TEL process
by inhalation or skin absorption; however, the potential for Pb exposure
was greatest in the alloy and recovery (furnace) areas. If system leaks occurred
in the autoclave or steam stills, exposure (by inhalation) to lead, ethyl
chloride, catalysts, and TEL was possible. Exposure to ethylene dibromide,
ethylene dichloride, kerosene, and dyes such as Automate orange-2 and Ethyl
red 105 yas also possible (by inhalation) in the blending area. Potential
xposure was reduced by ventilation systems, protective clothing, and respira
tors used as control measures in the various TEL process areas.
EC 3017 6
Production and Toxicity of Substances Monitored
Tetraethyl Lead (TEL)
. ............... .
Tetraethyl lead is an antiknock compound that has been manufactured and used as an additive for gasoline since 1923.1 Only very small quantities (i.e.
approximately 2 cubic centimeters per gallon of gasoline) are needed to raise the efficiency of the fuel so that it burns more evenly.^
TEL, a colorless oily liquid, is a slightly volatile organic Pb compound that is insoluble in water but soluble in fats and their solvents. The solu bility factor allows TEL to be absorbed into the blood stream via contact with skin, inhalation of vapors or ingestion of the liquid. TEL is then deposit ed in the fatty tissues of the body, especially the central nervous system (CNS). (A study by Cremer* showed that TEL was readily converted in the liver
to triethyl lead, and that triethyl lead, not TEL, caused'the CNS effects.) Early signs and symptoms associated with TEL intoxication may include: insomnia disturbing dreams, anorexia (loss of appetite), nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, headache, irritability and nervous anxiety, palor, tremors, slow pulse, low temperature, exaggerated reflexes, change in bowel habits, and weight loss. As the state of TEL intoxication increases, the signs and symptoms are exaggerated and the subject may suffer an acute anxiety state progressing to a state of mania typical of acute toxic psychosis; coma and death may follow. **1
Although the lead content of the, blood is the best indicator of inorganic .Pb poisoning, the concentration of Pb in the blood may be only slightly ele vated or within normal range when TEL intoxication occurs. Urine levels, however, may be elevated in both cases; but urine levels usually are apprecia bly higher in TEL intoxication since lead, absorbed in this form, is more rapidly excreted. 8
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHa) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for TEL is 0.075 milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^) for an 8-hour .time weighted average (TWA). The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) level setr by OSHA is 40-mg/m^.^ The American Conference of Governmental Hygienists (ACGIH) recommends a Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 0.1 mg/m^ for an 8-hour TWA.^ (See Appendix, Table A-l.)
EC 301ft
Lead Inorganic Pb is ubiquitous in the environment and can be found in measurable amounts in all adult body tissues and fluids. Lead is used in many industrial processes, one of which is tetraethyl lead. In most of these processes the main routes of occupational exposure to Pb are inhalation and ingestion. Either type of exposure may result in Pb absorption (5-1055 of ingested Pb; 30-50# of inhaled Pb)*^ and distribution throughout the body. The effects
of Pb absorption have been described by Mayers as follows: loss of appetite,
metallic taste in the mouth, constipation; anemia, pallor, malaise, weakness,
insomnia, headache, nervous irritability, muscle and joint pains, fine tremors,
encephalopathy, and colic. Other effects include damage to the reproductive
system and inhibition of heme synthesis (which would decrease oxygen (0_)
transport in the body). 12
^
An indirect indicator of Pb exposure is the blood lead (PbB) level. Prevention of adverse health effects from exposure to Pb throughout a working lifetime requires that the PbB level be maintained at or below 40 ug/lOOg of blood. Average PbB levels are < 20 ug Pb/lOOg of blood for 50# of the population and <35 ug Pb/lOOg of blood for 9S# of the population. Urinalysis may also, be used to indirectly determine the amount of Pb exposure. Under certain circumstances, although not a regular procedure, analysis of feces may be conducted to give an approximate measurement of the amount of Pb ingested (including that from the upper respiratory tract).
The OSHA Standard (PEL) for Pb is 0.05 mg/u^; NI0SH recommends a TWA of 0.1 mg/m^j and ACGIH. recommends a TLV of 0.15 mg/and a Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL,* up to 15 minutes) of 0.45 mg/m^.^'1^ (See Appendix, Table A-l.)
Ethylene dibromide (EDB)'*and Ethylene dichloride (EDC)
Ethylene dibromide and Ethylene dichloride are added to TEL in order to prevent the deposition of lead in the exhaust sections of the engine. The ethylene halide converts the lead oxide formed during combustion into the volatile lead halide.1^
8 EC 3019
Both EBB and EDC are toxic by inhalation* ingestion* and skin absorption, and are strong irritants to the eyes and skin.*'* Exposure to EDB vapor concen
trations above the standard may cause injury to the lungs, liver, and kidneys as well as CNS depression and death (due to pneumonia resulting from injury to the lungs). l6 NIOSH recommends that EBB be treated as a potential carcinogen. 17 Exposure to EBC vapor concentrations above the standard may cause mental confusion, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Liver, kidney, and adrenal injuries may also occur.
*i
The OSHA standards for EBB are: 20 parts per million (ppm) PEL, 30 ppm as .a ceiling level, 50 ppm maximum peak for five minutes, and 400 ppm IBLH .level. l8 ,yQ (See Appendix, Table A--1.) NIOSH recommends a 15 minute ceiling limit of 1 rng/m^.9 ACGIH lists EBB as a substance that is suspect of inducing
cancer in man; however, environmental conditions have not been sufficiently defined to assign a TLV. 1 07
The OSHA standards for EBC are: 50 ppm PEL, 100 ppm as a ceiling concentration,
200 ppm maximum duration for 5 minutes in any 3 hours, and 1000 ppm IDLH level. l8 , Q NIOSH recommends that the PEL be reduced to 5 ppm per 10-hour
.workday and the ceiling level be reduced to 15 ppm averaged over a 15 minute period.^ ACGIH recommends a TLV of 10 ppm and a STEL of 15 ppm.1^ (See Appendix,
Table A-l.)
/;
Ethyl chloride
-
-Ethyl chloride and a lead-sodium alloy are fed into an autoclave; the resultant
chemical reaction produces TEL. Afterwards, any remaining trace of ethyl
chloride is vaporized and removed.^
:
The major problems involved in handling ethyl chloride are fire and explo it
sion. Healthwise, it may cause eye irritation, stomach cramps, dizziness
and incoordination, liver and kidney damage, cardiac arrhythmias, and car diac arrest.9^9
The OSHA standards for ethyl chloride are 1000 ppm (2600 mg/m^) PEL and 20,000 ppm WLH. level.18,9 ACGIH recommends a TLV of 1000 ppm and. a STEL of 1,250 ppm (3,250 mg/m^).1^ (See Appendix, Table A-l.)
EC 3020 9
Survey Methods
General
Area and personal air samples were collected at the TEL (process) plant over
the four following work shifts:
'
4-8-80
4-8/9-80 4-9-80
4-10-80
7:30am to 3`30pm 11:30pm to 7:30am
3:30pm to 11:30pm 7:30am to 3:30pm
Only the automated half of the process was in operation at the time of the
.surveyj monitoring for inorganic lead and TEL was conducted in all areas
of this process. However, monitoring of ethyl chloride was conducted only
in the TEL manufacturing area and monitoring of EDB and EDC was conducted
only in the blending area.
'
'Tetraethyl lead (TEL)
~~ - v`.
-r -
-
'Area and personal TEL samples were collected at a flow rate of approximately
1.25 liters per minute (Lpm) for 6-8 hours per shift using MSA Model G pumps.
Sampling media were changed at least once during each shift and consisted
of an O.S micron AA Millipore filter backed up with an XAD-2 resin tube.
The filter collected the inorganic lead fraction and the XAD-2 resin tube
-collected the TEL (organic lead) fraction.
Chemical analysis for TEL was performed using NIOSH Method No. S383. 21 TEL was desorbed from the resin with pentane, separated, and analyzed by using a gas chromatograph with a photoionisation detector.
Inorganic Lead (Pb) Personal and area Pb samples were collected on 0.8 micron AA Millipore filters in line with MSA Model 0 pumps. The flow rate was 1.0 Lpm with a collection time of 6-8 hours per shift.
10 EC 30?1
Analysis of lead was performed using NIOSH Method SCP No. S'-341 22. The sample filters were wet ashed with nitric and perchloric acids to insure their com plete oxidation. The ashed samples were diluted to a final volume of 25 mil liliters (mL) and analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Ethylene dibromide (EDB) and Ethylene dichloride (EDC) Area and personal EDB and EDC samples were obtained using standard 1$0 mil*ligram (mg) charcoal tubes in line with MDA Accuhaler (Model 808) low-flow pumps [20 cubic centimeters minute (cc/min) limiting orifice]. Samples were collected for a period of 6-8 hours per shift.
The samples were analyzed for EDB and EDC by using a modification of NIOSH Method S-104- 23 Each sample was separated into A and B sections and each section was desorbed with 1 mL of carbon disulfide containing 1 microliter per milliliter (ul/mL) dodecane as an internal standard. Each section was analyzed bjr using a gas chromatograph.
Ethyl chloride Area and personal ethyl chloride samples were collected using charcoal tubes (600 mg) in line with MDA Accuhaler (Model 80S) low-flow pumps (20 cc/rain limiting orifice). Sampling was conducted for 6-8 hours per shift.
The charcoal tube samples were analyzed for ethyl chloride by using a modifi cation of NIOSH Method S-105."^ Ethyl chloride was desorbed from the charcoal with 2 mLs of carbon disulfide containing 1 uL/mL octane as an internal stan dard. The sample analysis was completed on a gas chromatograph by flame i nization detection.
Statistical Methods
Summary statistics such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, geometric mean, geometric standard deviation, and 95$ confidence limits of geometric means were calculated by different job titles for TEL, Pb, EDB, EDC and ethyl chloride.
Due to the small number of samples in each statistical grouping, the statisti cal analysis was judged not to be descriptive of the exposure data. This analysis may be seen in the Appendix, Tables A-2 through A-6.
11 EC 302?
Results and Discussion
All 8-hour TWA area TEL sample results and most 8-hour TWA personal TEL sample 3'
results were below the OSHA standard of 0.075 mg/m and ACGIH TLV of 0.15 3
mg/m . However, 6 of 60 TEL personal samples were above the OSHA standard 3
and ranged from 0.092 to 0.159 mg/m ; five were above the ACGIH TLV. (See Table 1 and Appendix, Table A-8.) Although these levels were above the OSHA standard, the employees were required to wear respirators and protective clothing, which if properly used and maintained would decrease the actual exposure level.
For lead, the 8-hour TWA area sampling results ranged from 0.003 to 0.006 mg/m3 which is below the OSHA standard of 0.05 mg/m3 , the NIOSH recommended standard of 0.1 mg/m3 , and ACGIH TLV of 0.15 mg/m3 . Four of 60 TWA personal
sampling results were above the NIOSH recommended standard and ranged from 3
0.118 to 0.869 mg/m ; six were above the OSHA standard and ranged from 0.057 3
to 0.869 mg/m . (See Table 2 and Appendix, Table A-9.)
All area and personal EOB and 0C sample results were below the analytical
limit of detection of 0.01 mg/sample. (See Appendix, Tables A-10 and A-ll.)
For ethyl chloride, all 8-hour TWA area and personal sampling results were 3
well below the OSHA standard and ACGIH TLV of 2600 mg/m and ranged from 0.138 to 0.572 mg/m3 . (See Appendix, Table A-12.)
" ~ x
,, - Conclusions
,
*
Worker exposure to TEL, Pb, EDB, EDC, and ethyl chloride was assessed at
the Ethyl Corporation. The employees' exposure to EDB, EDC and ethyl chloride
was judged not to constitute a health hazard since all area and personal
levels found were well below the OSHA standards and NIOSH recommended stan
dards (for EDB and EDC).
Due to physical contact with TEL and Pb containing substances and to malfunc tioning of equipment (e.g. system leaks), the potential existed for an appreci able exposure to TEL and/or Pb. However, since the employees wore protective equipment, their actual personal exposure was probably below the OSHA standards of 0.075 mg/m3 for TEL and 0.05 mg/m3 for Pb.
EC 3023 12
ZABLE 1
Worker Exposure Levels for Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) Greater Than the OSHA Standard ^ (0.075 mg/m^) 4/8-10/80
Date . : .; :
-Shift
Job Title *
TEL TWA Concentrate
(mg/m )
4/8 4/8 4/9 4/9 4/9 4/10
1
3rd Floor Operator
0.141
3
4th Floor Operator
0.109
2 Blender Operator
>0.094
2
4th Floor Operator
0.159
2 Furnace Operator
0.137
1
2nd Floor Operator
0.092
a) Bata have not been corrected for temperature and pressure variation; maximum deviation would, be within + IT of actual -values.
13
EC 3024
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-
Bate
TABLE 2
Worker Exposure Levels for Lead (Pb) Greater Than the OSHA Standard v . (0.050 mg/ni ) 4/8-10/80
*
Shift
' "Job Title
, Pb TWA Concentration
(mg/m)
4/8
1
Carpenter (Sludge pit)
0.118
' 4/8 4/8
3
Alloy Charge Pot Operator
0.869
3 B-2 Furnace Operator
0.198*
4/9 2 Chief Operator 0.091
4/9
2
Alloy Charge Pot Operator
0.167
4/10
1
Alloy Charge Pot Operator
0.057
a) Data have not been corrected for temperature and pressure variation; mayi-mitm deviation would be within + 1% of actual values.
* Furnace B-2 started leaking Pb resulting in Pb fumes*
14
302 B ec.
Recommendations
1. Continue to emphasise the respirator fit testing program.
2. Continue .the industrial hygiene and biological monitoring programs
3. Better maintain equipment to reduce system leaks.
- '-- - v
15 3026
References
1. Cremer, Jill E., Toxicology and Biochemistry of Alkyl Lead Compounds, Occup. Health Review, 17(3): 14-19, 1965.
2. Kehoe, Robert A., An Illustration of Industrial Hygiene, Arch. Environ. Health, 8:378-383, 1964.
3* United States Public Health Service: The Use of Tetraethyl Lead Gasoline in Its Relation to Public Health, USPHS Bulletin No. 163, 123 pp., 1926.
4. Faith, Keyes, and Clark's Industrial Chemicals, Wiley, N.Y., 4ch ed., pp. 502-508, 1975.
5. Barry, P.S.I., A Recent Case of Mild Tetraethyl Lead Intoxication, Trans Assoc. Ind. Med. Officers, 7: 71-74, 1957.
6. Beatti, A.D.; Moore, M.R.; and Goldberg, A., Tetraethyl Lead Poisoning, Lancet, 2 (7766): 12-15, 1972.
7. Machle, W.F., Tetraethyl Lead Intoxication and Poisoning by Related Com pounds of Lead, J. Amer. Med. Assoc., 105: 578-585, 1'935.
8. Sanders, Lester W., Tetraethyl Intoxication, Arch, of Environ. Health, 8:82-89, 1964.
9. NIOSH/OSHA Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-210, 1978.
TO. Industrial Toxicology, Publishing Sciences Group, Inc., 3rd ed., p. 92, 1974.
11. Mayers, M.R., Occupational Health -- Hazards of the Work Environment, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, Co., pp. 69-70, 1969.
12. Federal Register, Department of Labor, OSHA Occupational Exposure to Lead Final Standard, 43 (220): 52953-4, 1978.
13. Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment With Intended Changes for 1981, ACGIH, 1981.
14. Groggins, P.H., Unit Processes in Organic Synthesis, McGraw-Hill, N.Y., 5th ed., p. 852,..T958.
15. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y., 9th ed., P. 358, 1977.
16. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Interscience Publishers, N.Y./London, 2nd ed. pp. 1280-1287, 1963.
26. FC 3027
17 NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 37* Ethylene Dibromida. (EDB-) Revised. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 82-105, 1981 -
18. Occupational Safety and Health Standards for General Industry, 29 CFR Part 1910, Commerce Clearing House, p. 282, 1979.
19* Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Interscience Publishers, N.Y./London, 2nd ed. pp. 1273-1275, 1963.
20. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Van Nostrand Reinhold, N.Y., 9th ed.,
P- 355, 1977.
-"
/
21. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. DHEW Publication No. 78-175,
4: S-383, 1978.
22. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. DHEW Publication No. 82-100, 3: S-341, 1977-
23. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. DHEW Publication"No. 77-157-B, 2: S-104, 1977-
24. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, U.S. DHEW Publication No. 78-175, 4: S-105, 1978.
EC 3028 17
4
APPENDIX A
EC 30?9
I
EC 3 0 3 0
,. . * * *
* I.* * *
**
% s.
;io< .
FIGURE A-2
Process Flow, Reaction, and Material Requirements
TETRAETHYLLEAD (LEAD TETRAETHYL, TEL)
From Ethyl Chloride and Lead-Sodium Alloy .
. Icondrnm |--*-*Y-nx3ud f>*
CAnhtd frrd-
tatium Met x____
Ethyl ddorid*' . P *j Amoct-rr
| 1 Ethyl Oderitft
tthyttft, 4k.hhrU
1 Wlter waiter
-WJ
2_r. T* Smdtr |
in T
O_s wliaarwf i;) ^Wuhtr b{a8ari"uul
Aneto&nnteaeukintauii .
TatraiU}! Uai
Reaction iUaPb-J-iCjEtjCl ~> Pb (C;Hj) ^ -J- 3Fb -J- 4^?aCl 85-90J5> yield (based on sodium)
Material Requirements
_
Basis--1 metric ton tetraethyllead
- Sodium
Lead (theoretical)
Ethyl chloride (theoretical) ; Catalyst . -
; Ferric chloride * : *; Sodium thiosulfate
325 kg
798 kg 7.5 to 25 kg
Small ' Small
19 FC 3031
TABLE A-l
Applicable Standards of Substances Monitored i
On April 8-10, 1980
Substance Monitored
OSHA Standard
PEL IDLH
' NIOSH Recommended Standard
TWA. Ceiling
ACGIH Recommended Standard
TLV STEL
TEL 0.075 mg/m3 40 mg/m3
3
Pb
0.05 mg/m
Variable
0.1 mg/ni
0.1 mg/m 3
0.15 mg/m
0.45 mg/m'
EDB
20 ppm
400 ppm
___ _0.13 ppm
*
l'54 mg/.m3' '
1 mg/m^
(30 ppm ceiling)
EDC
SO ppm ___ 1000 ppm __ '5 ppm/
15 ppm/
40 mg/m"
60 mg/ni
202 mg/m^
r10.hr '"" -.(15 min.)
(100 ppm ceiling) ** -
--shift
Ethyl chloride 1000 ppm 2600 mg/nT
20,000 ppm
1000 ppm 3
2600 mg/m
1250 ppm 3250 mg/m'
. Is suspect of inducing cancer in man; environmental conditions have not been * sufficiently defined to assign a TLV.
** 200 ppm for five minute - peak for any three hour period.
%(
.. ..
20 EC 3032
0k A-2
REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
SUMMARY STATISTICS ETHYL CORPORATION ii PASADENA, TX , !. APRIL 8-10.I960
11
>*!
i1 . JOB TITLE
I
CHIEF OPERATOR
4 2HD FLOOR OPERATOR
+ 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
H MAX
3 0.030 8 0.092 A 0.1AI
MIH ,' < !> i MEAN
STANDARD STANDARD DEVIATION ERROR
Ii 0.011, i 0.018^
0.010
0.023;,' . 0.039 0.024
0.025
0.056
0.057
0.006 0.008 0.028
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
+ BLENDER OPERATOR
4 ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
4 ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
5 0.159 6 0.108 A 0.039
3 0.027
0.02A i.
0.0181/
0.017 ' I.U
; 0.055 0.027
0.017 . 1 0.022 i(l 1 *
0.058, 0.034 0.009
' 0.005
1
0.026 0.014 0.005
0.003
+ A FURHA'CE OPERATOR
4 B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
4 FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
A 0.X37 3 0.082
2 0.030
0.025 0.0261!
0.02A1
0.055 0.0A8
0.027
0.054
0.030
S' 0.004
0.027 0.017
0.003
FURNACE BREAKER
4 PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
CARPENTER (SLUDGE PIT)
4 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR (TRAINEE)
4 BLENDER FOREMAN 4 B-2 FURNACE
OPERATOR
4T FURHACE SMIKGMAN
V ELECTRICIAN
1 0.018 . 3 0,027
X 0.030
1 0.02A
z 0.032
2 0.082
X 0.027 2 0.02A
0.018 0.023 -
0.018 0.025
g .030 0.02A
("oToSOl
* 1 . Hill "
0.02A
0.027 0.023
0.030 . 0.053
0.027 0.012
0.027 0.018
k
0.002
. p.001
t
k
0.004 0.041
(J.003 p.029
k
0.008
0.006
HOTE* UHITS FOR THIS TABLE ARE IH
MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
+ MORE THAM 50X OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
WERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTIOH
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION
i,
0.016
1 .705
0.034
1 .624
0.041 0.057 0.046
2 .280 ...
i ' 2 .38i i ;
1 ,f .1
0.026 !' 1 .402
0.022
0.042 0.042 0.027'
1 f 290 ;
2*212 i Uoi^
< 1
.178.!
-
i,
0.018 0.025
.093;;
0.030
0.024
0.02? 0.044
0.027 0.017
,* %
ll|
1 1
1 .128
1
2 .4i8;;
i
.i *
t 'l ;
1
1 .627 "
95ii LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
0.004 ' 0.023
0.011 1 0.020
0.023 0.015 i
1
0.012
1
1 0.012 0.010
| 111 0.006
j 0.02p
! * i. * *
Q.O10
0.000
0.000
EC 3033
2.1
95X UPPER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
0.062 0.051 0.152 0.169 0.092 0.044 0.0A1 0.148 0.182
0.118
*
0.031
*
0.087 122.084
1.348
TABLE A
nt)
j4 REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
SUMMARY STATISTICS
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
APRIL 8-10, 1980
JOB TITLE * 1
1t
N MAX MIN MEAN STANDARD STANDARD GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN STANDARD
DEVIATION
1+ MACHINIST i+ OUTSIDE MACHINIST
(FURNACE AREA) + OUTSIDE MACHINIST
(1ST FLOOR ALLOY) + BLENDER TRAINEE '*+ MLA OPERATOR + TEL OFFICE + CHANGE ROOM
(CONTAMINATED SIDE)
1 0.024 2 0.057
1 0.033
I ' ' 0.042
i 0.027
l 0.013 l 0.017
0.024 0#.026 0.035
0.042 0.027 0.013 0.017
0.024 0.041
0.035
0.042 0.027 0.013 0.017
0.021 *1
' *
I
*
0.013
1.
t
*1 i i
0.024 0.039
0.033
0.042 0.027 0.013 0.017
1.722
+ CHANGE ROON (CLEAN SIDE)
l 0.013
0.015
0.013
0.013
+ IH OFFICE + BREAK AREA
l 0.015 i 0.013
Q.015 0.013
v0.015
0.013
0.015
0.013
NOTE* UNITS FOR' THIS TABLE ARE IN
MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
+ MORE THAN 50X;OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
WERE 8EL0U THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
95/ LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
o.ooo
t
i
955 UPPER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
5.077
*
*
*
1 It
l>
>
m o
w o CJ t*
U
*/,
REAGENT
LEAD
TAbI^-3
,
, SUMMARY STATISTICS ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX APRIL 8-10,1980
,
1
*
j ' JOB TITLE 1
N ' MAX MIN MEAN STANDARD STANDARD ' GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN . STANDARD
DEVIATION
.+ 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR + 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR i+ 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR ;+ BLENDER OPERATOR
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR A FURNACE OPERATOR B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
8 12.876 A 5.590 5 5.427 6 11-445 4 869.499
3 18.322
4 30.661 3 32.771
' 2.576 > 3.048 . 3.004
3.218 ' 3.936
t
3.740
6.093 4.406 4.107 6.350 274.214
12.001
4,130
1.460
' 1.061
0.530
1.015
0.454
3.020 . 1.233
402.625 201.313
7.482
4.320
14,485 6.580
23.901 17.755
6.792 13.512
3.396 7.801
" 5.024 '4.303 ,, 4.003
5.807 75.379
9.849
23.056 ,14.423
1.926 '1.292
1.287 1.583 " 9.643
2.339
1.382 2.233
FURNACE RELIEF j1 OPERATOR
FURNACE BREAKER
PIPEFlfTER ihlRNACE AREA)
CARPENTER (st.UDGE PIT)
2 46.895
25.017
35.956
1 37.111 2 24.727
37.111 9.137
37.111 16.932
1 118.296 118.296 118.296
15.470 10.939 34.252
4
11.024
*
7.795
37.111 15.031
118.296
1.539
4
2.022
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR (TRAINEE)
+ BLENDER FOREMAN
8~2 FURNACE OPERATOR
FURNACE 5MINGMAN
`1
m n
2
w2 o U)
1
5.414
3.617 198.268
20.075
5.414
5.414
3.051 45.558
3.334 121.913
0.400 107.982
20.075 20,075
, ELECTRICIAN
2 21.584
4.516 13.050 12.068
: MACHINIST
1 12.804
12.804
12.804
MOTH* UNITS FOR THIS TABLE ARE IM
MICROGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
+ MORE TIIAH 50X OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
.MERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
*
0.283 76.355
4
8.534
4
5.414
3.322 95.040
20.073 9.873
12.804
1.128 2.829
4
3.022
4
91
.t
')
**
m 9
9 9
95X LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
955f UPPER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
2.905 2.864 2.927 3.587 2.047
1.193
{>.689 6.466 5.481 9.402 2775.283
81.286
13.777 1.960 .
3j>.585 . 106.135
0.632
1854.942
0.027
* 8891.651
4
J.127 .0.008
0.000
4
9.789 1085191.324
204307.023
*
r>
TABLE
(cont)
iI rL*i reagent r JOB TITLE
LEAD H MAX
MIN
SUMMARY STATISTICS
ETHYL CORPORATION
PASADENA, TX APRIL 8-10,1980
MEAN
STANDARD STANDARD GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN STANDARD
deviation
i
1(
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURNACE AREA) .
i OUTSIDE MACHINIST (1ST FLOOR ALLOY)
1 1 + BLENDER TRAINEE
MLA OPERATOR
+ TEL OFFICE
+ CHANGE ROOM (CONTAMINATED SIDE)
CHANGE ROON (CLEAN SIDE)
2 24.728
1 12.372
1 4.316 1 12.302 1 4.827 1 6.249
1 5.687
4.?28
12.372
4.316 12.302
4.827 6.249
5.687
14.828
12.372
4.316 i2.302
4.827 6.249
5.687
14.000 i . *
.* . * * * / 1 * i '
+ IN OFFICE
t|
1 5.462
5.462
5.462
1
NOTE* UNITS FOR THIS TABLE ARE IN*
MICROGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
+ MORE THAN 50* OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC 1 - WERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
9.900
11.039 12.372
4.316 12.302
4.827 6.249
5.687
5.462
3.128 * 9
*
95* LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
9.000
95* UPPER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
811104.352
*
*
m r> w o
';
!< REAGENT
< JOB TITLE
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE N MAX
MJN
t TABuii A-4
SUMMARY STATISTICS ETHYL CORPORATION
PASADENA, TX APRIL 8-10,1980
MEAN
STANDARD STANDARD GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN STANDARD
DEVIATION
95X LOWER
CONFIDENCE LIMIT
BLENDER TRAINEE t MLA OPERATOR' * 2ND FLOOR BLINDING + 3RD FLOOR BLENDING + 1ST FLOOR BLENDING + EDB + EDC
1 0.054 1 0.062 3 ' 0.065 3 0.070 3 . 0.072 1 0.123 1 0.055
.0.054 . 0.062 0,036 ,0.054 . 0.049 0.123 0.055
. 0.054 0.062
` 0.061 0.060
; 0.058 0.123 0.055
i * * *,
0.005 0.008 , 0.012
F0R THIS TABLE A*E IN*
MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
* MORE THAN SOX OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
MERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
*
0.003 0.005 0.007
0.054 0.062 4 0.061 0.060 , 0.057 0.123 0.055 .
1.080 1.143 1.228
f
jVr
0.050 0.043 0.034
95X UPPER CONFIDENCE
*
0.073 M83 0.096
*
i Mi!'
m o w o (*> M
25
TAid^A-i
II i
: REAGENT
! i JOB TITLE
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE N MAX * MIN1
SUMMARY STATISTICS ETHYL CORPORATION
PASADENA. TX
APRIL &-1Q.19&0'
MEAN
STANDARD STANDARD GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC
DEVIATION ERROR
MEAN STANDARD
DEVIATION
BLENDER TRAINEE.
1' 0.039
It 0.054
0.054
*
+ MLA OPERATOR
1 0.062
0.062
0.062
*
2ND FLOOR BLENDING
3 0.065
o" 056
0.Q611
0.005
+ 3RD FLOOR BLENDING
3 0-. 07 0*
0.054
0.060'
b:oo8
1ST FLOOR BLENDING
3 * 0.072
0.049
0.05S
0.012
EDB
1 0.123
0.123
*0.123
EDC
l 0.055
0.055
0.055
*
BLENDER OPERATOR
1 .0.073
O'.073,'
0.073
'
* 'lU .
<1 * *
NOTE* UNITS FQR THIS TABLE ARE IN*
MICROGRAMS PER CUBIC METER
| MORE THAN 5QX OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
! WERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
,
0.003 0.005 0.007
0.054 0.062 0.061 0.060 0.057 0.123 0.055 0.073
*
1.000 ia43` 1.228
*
95X LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
0.050 0.043 0.034
t
95X UPPER CONFIDENCE
|.IMIT
*
0.073 0.083 0.096
*
-
i* i
Ii
if 6
p
REAGENT
ETHYL CHLORIDE
TABLl?A-6
SUMMARY STATISTICS ETHYL CORPORATION
PASADENA. TX APRIL 3-10.1980
N MAX
MIN1
MEAN STANDARD STANDARD
1 DEVIATION' ERROR
t
* B-7 i
1 0.198
0,198
0.198
t B-15 B-l
1 0.265 1 0.299
0.263 0`. 299
0.265 0.299
*
tH + B-12 + B-9 + B-4 f B-3 B-13 + B-6 . ' B-2
2 0;208
0.142
1 0.239
01239'
2 0,488
0.166
2 0.280
0.180
1 0.206
0:206
1 0.138 1 0.138
X 0.317
0.317
1 0.572
0.572
0.175 0.239 0.327 0.230 0.206 0.138 0.317 0.572
0.047' . i\ i >
0.227 0.071
*
)' * * 1*
+ B-3
1 0,239
0.239
0.239
NOTE* UNIT3 FOR THIS TABLE ARE IHr* MILLIGRAMS PER CUBIC METER MORE THAN 50JC OF THE VALUES USED TO COMPUTE THIS STATISTIC
WERE BELOW THE LIMIT OF DETECTION
*
' *
0.033
0.161 0.050
GEOMETRIC GEOMETRIC MEAN STANDARD
DEVIATION
0.198 0.265 0.299 0.172* 0.239 0.285 0.224 0.206 0.138 0.317 0.572 0.239
1.310'
1.
2.139 1.367
*
95% LOWER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
015 000 013
95X UPPER CONFIDENCE
LIMIT
1 941 100 730
OPOZ 03
TABLE A-7
-* . r- '
Notation for the following sample data tables:
Data have not been corrected for temperature and pressure variation; maximum *' ^deviation would be within + 1Z of actual values.
28
..
REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
3281 3361
3441 3521
3781 3861
3770 3850
4171
4251 4331
4671
4751
5221
5301
m 5481 o 'j) o 5561
5641
CHIEF OPERATOR CHIEF OPERATOR
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA) PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
CARPENTER (SLUDGE PIT)
BLENDER OPERATOR
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
FURNACE BREAKER
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
M
TABLE A>' -0
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 10 1 10 1 08 \ 08 1 08 1
08 1
08 1 08 1
08 X
03 1
115 200
136 209
140 214
263 150
139 ' 201 173
314
301
293
322
297
160.991 279.984
< 0.013 < 0.013
139.079 213.731
184.869 286.835
(* !
,1
0.015 0.033 '
0.017 0.013
337.824 202.542
2p0.487
259.432 225.874
0.013 < 0.013 "
1
< 0.013 *>
<*t : 0.013 I1 <j 0.013 !
439.375
0.013 `*
364.593
<' 0.013
381.087 '
<
1
377.244
<
0.013 0.013
401.033
< 0.013
08 1
207
08 1 . 156
250.733
< 0.013
188.960
< 0.013
< 0.083 < 0.048
0.109 0.162 0.091 0.046 < 0.037 < 0.066 < ' 0.066 < 0.051 < 0.059
4.030
< 0.036 < Q.035
< 0.035
< 0.033
< 0.053 < 0.070
< 0.030 0.141 0.064
< p.024 * 0.033
1
< 0.027 0.030
< 0.018 < 0.017 < 0.018
< 0.017
. V`
29
t
*'
1
t
! H REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
! 1 sample Dumber job title/location
5721 5801
6111 6031
1 2620 2700 2720
6371 6451
4660 4580
6611 6531
8720 8800
0011 0271
A FURNACE OPERATOR A FURHACE OPERATOR
B-l FURNACE OPERATOR B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR A FURNACE OPERATOR A FURNACE OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
I
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR'
0351 0431
*
0511
O
0771 bd 0851
o
1081
1161
1I s`
*
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
CHIEF OPERATOR
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR (TRAINEE) 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR (TRAINEE)
TABLE fA^Bont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10.1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA. TX
1 *
)1 .2
**
DATE
08 08
08 1
08-
10 . 10 10
' !* 08 08
1 10 10
08 08
08 08
08 08
08 08
08
08 08
08 08
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
1 li // 1
l<
215 150 .
210 153.
t II 1. ` 226 , 1 162 1 162
i
1 111' 1 222
1t
268.964 187.649
264.794 192.921
271.505 194.619 194.619
128.942 257,883
< 0.013 < 0.013
0.031 < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.049 < 0.071
0.116 < 0.069
< 0.049 < 0.068
< 0 063
< 0.103 < 0.052
< 0.029
< 0.082 < 0.030 < 0.034
1 229 1 188-
331.950 272.518
0.025 < 0.013
0.077 < 0.049
< 0.053
1 221 1 HO
243.557 121.227
0.024 < 0.013
0.098 < 0.110
< 0.084
3 280* 3 142
f 3 254' 3 142
.386'. 418 195.969
320.274 179.051
< 0.013 < 0.013
0.040 * 0.014
< 0.034 < 0.068
0.125 0.080
< 0.023 0.109
3 3
'3
1 . 3
3
122 266
412
252 161
t
146.565 319.559
597.221
300.239 191.819
< 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.091
< 0.042 < 0,022
< 0.044
< 0.069
< 0.029 < 0.011
< 0.027
3 257
4
3 16?
334.264 219.808
'30
< 0.013 < 0.013
t
.
< 0.040
< 0.061
i
j
1 1
*< REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
' SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
1291 1321
1901 1581
1681 1791
1821 2051
2131 2211
2971 2551
2831 2711
3021 3101
m r>
o 8790
^* Ca)
9820 5050
, 5130
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
MLA OPERATOR MLA OPERATOR
*
BLENDER FOREMAN BLENDER FOREMAN
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
B-2 FURNACE OPERATOR B-2 FURNACE OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR A FURNACE OPERATOR
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH
OPERATOR
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
CHIEF OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
BLENDER FOREMAN
A^^^ont) TABLE
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
08 3 08 ' 3
OS 3 08 3
08 . 3 08 3
08 3 08 3
253 179
183 192
m 252
209 226
329.061 226.311
238.016 299.722
163.880 327.760
267.355 296.188
< 0.013 < 0.013
% < 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0,013
< 0.013
< 0.080 < 0.059
< 0.056 < 0.053 ** < 0.081 < 0.081
< 0.050 ( 0.095
< 0.028 < 0.028 < 0.027 < 0.027
08 3 08 3
209 295
257.228 308.926
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.052 < 0.043
< 0.028
08 3 08 3
08 3 08 3
258 191
172
278
302.269 223.769
215.171 392.772
< 0.013 < 0.013
< ` 0.013 < Q.013
< 0.023
< 0.088 < 0.059
< 0,. 025
< 0.062
ft
< 0.039
08 3 08 3
201 253
295.863 308.966
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.058 < 0.083
< 0.028
09 2
917
. 09 09
2
:
2. ,
197 226
09 2
121
505.108
< 0.013
258.269
< 0.013
291,700 . < 0.013
181.759
< 0.013
< 0.026
< 0.052 < 0.086
< 0.098
<
0.028
< 0.013
< 0.028
'
^ REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
I ' SAMPLE HUMBER JOB TITLE/IOCATION i1
5210
BLENDER FOREMAN
5470 5550
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
5630 5710
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
6020 6100
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR ` 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
6280 6360
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
6460 6520 l
i 6600 6780
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TII FLPOR OPERATOR
6860 7170 i
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
7250 7330 m 7670 w P 7410 H-
7750 7830
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
D-2 FURNACE OPERATOR D-2 FURNACE OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR A FURNACE OPERATOR
8060
B-l FURNACE
33.
M
TABLED A-J8 (cont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN OH APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATIOH PASADENA, TX
f
DATE 0?
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TUA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
2 233
272.975
< 0.013
*> i
< 0.049
< 0.032
09 ; 2 0? 2
1' f 09 2 09 2
09 2 09 2
09 2 1 09 2
194 227
177 225
206 218
191 237
206.096 241.154
196.823 250.199
247.478 261.895
267,385 331.781
< 0.013 < 0.013
'0.014 < 9.013
< !o J ois < 0.013
*0.017 < *0.013
< 0.065 < 0.055
0.069 . < 0.053
'< 0.054 < 0.051
0.064 < 0.040
< 0.030 < 0.045 < 9*026
*09 2 ,09 2
111 261
135.554 .318.735
'0.043 < ,0.013
0.314 < 0.042
0.039 < 0.108
09 2 >09 2
1
09 2 f, 09 2 *' `
157 259 '
217 217
210.435 ,347.151
245.612 245.612
-
< 0.013 < ,0.913
4* ' t `f
< . 0.013
< *01013
< 0.063 .< 0.038
< 0.054 < 0.054
< 0.024 < 9*027
09 2 >09 2
191 227
210.495 250.169
0.058 * ,,0.015
0.276
, 0.060
9.159
09 2
184
158.936
"0.024
0.150
09 2 ** t
248
214.218
< 0.013 <1 . 1 *
< 0.062
< 0.082
09 2 09 2
09 ' 2
252 186 *
203
317.752 234.532
173.332
0.069 < 0.013
< 0.013
0.217 <, 0.057
1
1 < 0.077
0.137
I
^ REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
' SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
aiAo
OPERATOR
B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
0003 01S0
0260 0340
PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA) PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
MACHINIST MACHINIST
0500 0680
B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
0760 0840
1070 1150
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
ELECTRICIAN ELECTRICIAN
1230 131,0
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURHACE AREA)
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURHACE AREA)
1570
1650
-ti n
w 1730
o
1810
Cn
204*0
* 2120
PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA) PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURNACE AREA) OUTSIDE MACHINIST
TABU fAW (cont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
DATE SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
,------(-M--I-N--U--T-E--S--)---------(*L-I-T--E--R--S-)--- ------------------(,M--O--)---------- ~--------(-M--G---/-C--U--.-M--.-)--------------(-M--G--/-C--U-.-M--.-)
09 ,' rJ/
2
.10 1 io |!i
242 1
196 258
10 10
10 10
l, 1 10- . 10
io 10
10 10
10 10 *1 J
io 10 l` * 1 10 lb
t
i
i
i
i
i l i i i
l 1
t l l
t
i
l l i
l i
199 238
139 260
187 21?
273 186
197 236
191 240
1
152 244
199 236
206.632 /
247.141 300,100 # 248.948 297.737
175.268 327.840
243.219 284.839
' 330.679 225.298
230.798 276.490
< 0.013 t
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013 .
< o.'ois < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013
< 0.013 < 0.013
256.007
321.684 i1 -
< 0.013
< 0.013 i '
190.151 `
305.243 t;
< <
0.013
0.013 ( *t *
203.505 241.343
0.018 < 0.013
< 0.064
< 0.035
< 0.054
< 0.044
< 0.024
< 0.053 . < 0.045
< 0.024
< 0.076
*
< 0.041
f. 0.026
< 0.055 < 0.047
< 0.025
< 0.040
< 0.059
a *
0.024
< 0.058
< 0.048
< 0.026
< 0.052
< 0.041
< 0.023
< 0.070 < 0.044
< 0.027
0.091
< 0.055
a
REAGENT
TETRA ETHYL LEAD
1 SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
(FURNACE AREA)
2200 2380
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (1ST FLOOR ALLOY) OUTSIDE MACHINIST (1ST FLOOR ALLOY)
2880 3010
FURNACE SMIHGMAN FURNACE SMIHGMAN
3270 3350
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
4160 4080
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
4320 4240
BLENDER TRAINEE BLENDER TRAINEE
4400
ELECTRICIAN
0420
TEL OFFICE
2460 2540
CHANGE ROOM (CONTAMINATED SIDE)
rt CHANGE ROOK (CLEAN SIDE)
3430 rn r>
w 3510 oIN.
IN OFFICE BREAK AREA
TABLiJ^B (cone)'
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION . PASADENA, TX
ti
DATE SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
10
10" U
10 10
in *
10 10
. i
10" 10
1
11
>
1 l
1 ? 1 1 I
1 1
10 > It 10 It
10 , 1) \ t
10 1 11
10 1 I
202 233
222 161
{, 197 221 174. 266
262.729
303.048 I* t
288.741 209.402
, M * i*
256.225 287.441
1
207.308 316.918
. .250 192
327.641 251.629
439 1 553.545
370 517.971
363 400.050
0.013 < 0.013
*\ < 0.013 < 0.013
1t 0.031 0.019
0.017 . < 0.013
0.017 , < 0.013
< 0.013 ;
< 0.013
< 0.013 .
10- ll
1 10 1
10 l' 1" 1
360 >
394
357
439.635
457,685 492^683
!(
< 0.013 , xf (
< 0.013
< 0.013 *' %
0.051 < 0.044
< 0.046 < 0.064
0.121 0.066 0.080 < 0.042 0.053 < 0.053 < 0.024 < 0.026 < 0.033
0,030
< 0.029 < 0.027*
< 0.057 ' < 0.035
< 0.027
0.092 < 0.044
< 0.042 < 0.012 < 0.013
< 0.017
< 0.015 < 0.015 < 0.013
\' 1
34
i*
REAGENT
LEAD
1PLE NUMBER JOD TITLE/LOCATION
4773 4853 2313 5293 5323
5583 5663 6133
6213
6973
m n
w o
6553
\f
6633
67 i 3
1763 7023
CHIEF OPERATOR
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
9TH FLOOR OPERATOR
2HD FLOOR OPERATOR
PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
CARPENTER (SLUDGE PIT)
BLENDER OPERATOR
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
FURNACE BREAKER
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR
B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
fTABLE k~
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKFN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRA
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(U0)
(UG/CU.M.)
(UG/CU.I
08 ,/ 1 O S # 10
'08 .
1
,l
1 1 '1
>l 08 !
'I08 ;i
* 0t 8 \\ 08 .i
08* 08 'i
08 'i
'08 'i 08 i
10 i 08 l
315
440,975
< 3.000
t`
395
,352.810
< 3.000
915
560.366
<' 5.000
159
feOO.487
< 3.000
376 '485.306
12.000
314 '
`439.375
32.000
301 `3^4.593
I 3.000
293
. .381,087
< ,3.000
322 2?7
377.244 4011033
14.000 < '3.000
363 439.695
11.000
365 '4561613 363 457.713
14.000 15.000
388 466,124
12.000
333
, 386.823
< 3.000
1
< 6.803 < 8.503 < 8.923 < 14.964
24.727
118.296
8.228 < 7.872
i
37.111 < 7.481
*
23.017
30.661
t
32.771 *
' 25.744
t
< 7.753
< 3.402 < 4.252 < 4.461 * 7.482
24.727 118.296
8.228 3.936
37.111
< 3.740
25.017 30.661
32.771 25.744
(
REAGENT
LEAD
' SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
2813 7103 3043 3123 3203 . 3383 3463 3543
3623 3703 3883 4013
4273
4353 4433
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
BLENDER OPERATOR
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
BLENDER OPERATOR CHIEF OPERATOR 3RD FLOOR OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR (TRAINEE) 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
MLA OPERATOR
BLENDER FOREMAN
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
B-2 FURNACE OPERATOR
A FURNACE OPERATOR
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH
FC 3 0 4 8
TABLE V^ (cont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10.1980
ETHYL CORPORATION ' PASADENA, TX
t
*.
'Y
* .I
'I
* *
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(UO)
(UG/CU.M.)
(UG/CU.M.)
* < 3.878
10 , ,/
1
417
604.468
7.000
11.580
11.580
08 1
08 3
08 3 08 3
331 422 396 388
364.784 582.387 499.325 466.124
< 3.000 < 3.000 < 3.000 < 3.000
<
,< < <
8.224 5.151 6.008 6.436
< 4.112 < 2.576 < 3.004 < 3.218
<08 >3
08 3 i
08 3
08 3
i
08 3
412 413 426
427 375
(597.221 492.058 t, 554.071
555.372
%*
487.739
` 5:000
< 3.000 t
3.000
< ti*
< 3.000
6.000
r
8.372 < 6.097
' 3.414
< 5.402
12.302
8.372 < 3.048
3.414 < 2.701
12.302
08 3 08 3
378 430
491.641 '563.543
< 3.000 490.000
< 6.102 869.499
< 3.031
08 3
08 3
t 08 3
204 .
\
449
172
257'228
ii "i
'
526.033
215.171
'si.ooo
13.000 ' 3.000
198.268
24.713 13.942
869.499 198.268 24.713
13.942
36
n
pj REAGENT
LEAD
' SAMPLE HUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
*513
FURNACE RELIEF OPERATOR
7432
CHIEF OPERATOR
73X2
2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
7772
BLENDER FOREMAN
7852
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
8082 8162
BLENDER OPERATOR 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
8242
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
8322
BLENDER OPERATOR
8402
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
8582
8662 8742
ALLOY HOPPER BOOTH OPERATOR
n
w o
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
a
^0 B-2 FURNACE
OPERATOR
. 8822
A FURNACE OPERATOR
0033
B-X FURNACE OPERATOR
TABLE /Q*^ont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES' TAKEN ON t 1 APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
1*
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(UO)
(UG/CU.M.)
(UG/CU.M.)
08 ,
3
t
09 ' Q9 '
2 2
09 "
2
09 2
09 2
09 '
2
09 2
09 2 09 2 09 2
09 2
09 '
2
09 '' 09 "
2 2
454 554.429
26.000
417 423 334 421 402 ' ` 424 428
372 416 ' 434
305.104
343.970 414.734
447,250
447.022
509.373
599.167 *
434.290
537.386
491.224
46.000 <' 3.000' < 3.000' " < 3.000' ' < 5.000" ' < 5.000'" "
100.000' "
< 5.000" < 5.000 "
9.000
418
460.664
< 3.000
432 373.154
17.000 '
438 445 .
552.284 379.965
8.000'..... < 5.000 ""
46.895
91.070 < 5.495 < 7.234 < 11.179 < 11.185 < 9.816
166.899 '
< 11.006 < 8.967
18.322 < 10.834
45.558
14.485 < 13.159
46.895 91.070 < 2.747 < 3.617 < 5.590 < 3.593 < 4.908
166.899 < 5.503 < 4.484
18.322 < 5.427
45.558 14.485
3.7'
REAGENT-
LEAD
SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
0113
0373 0533
PIPEFITTER (FURNACE AREA)
*
MACHINIST.................. B-l FURNACE OPERATOR
0613 0873 1003
1393
3RD FLOOR OPERATOR
ELECTRICIAN
4 * OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURNACE AREA)
ALLOY CHARGE POT OPERATOR
1263
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (FURNACE AREA)
1923
OUTSIDE MACHINIST (1ST FLOOR ALLOY)
1893 2073
FURNACE 5WINGMAN
fTI
O 2ND FLOOR OPERATOR
3050
2573
BLENDER OPERATOR
2653
BLENDER TRAINEE
2733
ELECTRICIAN
0953
TEL OFFICE
TABLE A^9 (cont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA* TX
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(UG)
(UG/CU.M.)
(UG/CU.M.)
10
r t
1
10 1
1 i
10 ' . 1
4 .
10 1
16 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 10 .. 10 10 10 10
1 .1
.1 1 1 1
939
937 399 906 939 933 396
935
933
383 918 990 992 939 370
597.290
5.000
9.137
. 396.689 503.108
'528.058 ' 533.977 ' 507.288
7.000 7.000
< 3.000 12.000
< 3.000
12.809 13.919
< 9.969 21.389
< 9.856
995.399 999.898
28.000 11.000
t * 9 '* *
56.521 29.728
. 563.777
7.000
12.372
' 998.199 . 393.666 ,529.226
579.270 533.593 317.971
10.000 7.000 6.000
< 5.000 < 3.000 < 5.000
20.073 I
t 12.876
11.995
< 8.632
< 9.033
< 9.633
9.137 12.809
13.919 9.739
21.389
9.928
5$.521
2?.728
12.372 2Q.075 1?.876 1J.993 < ^.316 < 9.516
IIt
;i
Ir
it
I t
|4 REAGENT
LEAD
SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
1503 1683 2153 5163
CHANGE ROOM (CONTAMINATED SIDE)
CHANGE ROOM (CLEAN SIDE)
lit OFFICE
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
f,
TABLE*A-9 fccont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
DATE SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(UG)
(UG/CU.M.)
(UG/CU.M.)
)
. < 4.827
10 ,, 1 t /l 1
363
400.050
< 5.000 '1 it I
< 12.498
< 6.249
14 t *!
1 1
360
439.635
< 5.000
< 11.373
< 5.687
10 1 tl
394
437.683
< 5.000 * M ft
< 10.925
< 5.462
08 1
354
474.484
< 3.000 *1
< 6.323
< 3.161
i
t 'i M II I*
'I
m o w o 'J1
39
'
jl REAGENT
ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE
tab@1Ro
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON
* APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
* *
I.`A *
*.
i:
t
#9
0
' SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES) (LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
8071
BLENDER OPERATOR
8151
BLENDER OPERATOR
7421
BLENDER OPERATOR
7681
MLA OPERATOR
7603
BLENDER OPERATOR
7523
BLENDER OPERATOR
7341
BLENDER OPERATOR
7001
BLENDER TRAINEE
8571
. EDB
8311
EDC
7501
2ND FLOOR BLENDING
7761
3RD FLOOR BLENDING
7841 m 1ST FLOOR BLENDING
n
7283
w 2ND FLOOR BLENDING
O yi
, 7443
3RD FLOOR BLENDING
7363
1ST FLOOR BLENDING
7181 #
2ND FLOOR BLENDING
08 1 /'
08 1
297 333
08 3
387
08 3
374
09 2
396
09 2
370
10 l
440
10 1 08 1
441 337
08
'
1 *
08 3
333 395
08 3
400
08 3
386
*
09 2
406
09 2
409
09 2 * 397
10 1
432
60.373 32.055 77.021 '80.518 68.368 73.364 115.601 92.341 1 40.533 90.766 81.153 71.866 68.973 89.608 91.837 93.469 77.017 40
< 0.010 < 0.010
< - o.oici
< Q .010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010
< 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010
< 0.166 < 0.312
< 0.130 < 0.124 < 0.146 < 0.136 < 0.087
< 0.108 < 0.247 < 0.110 < 0.123 < 0.139 < 0.145 < 0.112 < 0.109 < 0.107 < 0.130
< 0.083 < 0.156
< 0,065 < 0.062 < 0.073 < 0.068 < 0.043
< 0.054 < 0.123 < 0.055 . < 0,062 < 0,070 < 0.072 < 0.056 < 0.054 < 0.053
`1
>! ) 'i i 1
i)t
i i
| ! | i
4>
REAGENT
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
t
L.
\ . *
|$ ' |
i SAMPLE HUMBER JOB TITLE/L0CATI0H
DATE
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
J>
8071
BLENDER OPERATOR
8151 7421
BLENDER OPERATOR BLENDER OPERATOR
7681
MLA OPERATOR
7603 7523 7341
BLENDER OPERATOR * BLENDER OPERATOR
BLENDER OPERATOR
7001 . 8571
BLENDER TRAINEE EDB
8311
EDC
7501
2ND FLOOR BLENDING
7761
3RD FLOOR BLENDING
7841 7283
o 1ST FLOOR BLENDINO 2ND FLOOR BLENDING
3054
, 7443 * 7363
3RD FLOOR BLENDING 1ST FLOOR BLENDINO
7181
2ND FLOOR BLENDING
08 1
V*
08 , 1,
08 3
08 3
09 2
09 10
2 1
10 1 OB l 08 1
08 3
08 3
08 3
09 2
09 2
09 2
10 1
297
60.373
< 0.010
333
32.055
< 0.010
387
77.021
< 0.010
374
'80.518
< Q.01Q
396 370 . 440 441 337 333 395
68.368
73.364
115.601
92.341 ' 40.533
*
90.766
81.153
< 0.010 < Q.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010
400
71.866
< 0.010
386
68.973
< 0.010
406
89:608
< 0.010
409
91.837
< 0.010
397
93.469
< 0.010
. 432
77,017 `
i.;
<
0.010
< 0.166 < 0.312 < 0.130 < 0.124 < 0.146 < 0.136 < 0.087 < 0.108 < 0.247 < 0.110 < 0.123 < 0.139 < 0.145 < 0.112 < 0.109 < 0.107 < 0.130
1
< 0.083 < 0.156 < 0.065 < 0.062 < 0.073 < 0.068 < 0,043 < 0.054 < 0.123 < 0^ 055 < 0.062 < 0.070 < 0.072 < 0.056 < 0.054 < 0.053
<
j1i t
;
r
l
*TABLE
(cont)
!< REAGENT
ETHYLENE DICHLORIDE
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
' SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
6871 7261
3RD FLOOR BLENDING 1ST FLOOR BLENDING
DATE SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
< 0.065
10 ,/>
630 88.972
0.010
0,112
< Q.056
10
' 661
102.099
0.010
0.098
< If.069
11. i
" .
i> r tt
i- i
!
< 'i
o ;t >'
w
o
in m
i 'i
43
f 1t
N t *
REAGENT
ETHYL CHLORIDE
: SAMPLE NUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATION
6462 6542 6622 6702
' 0362 t 0442
6042 6122 6202 63B2
6882 7012 7272 7352
5572 . 5652
5732 5812
5072
5152 5232 5312
2722
3032
r>
2802 3112
'j) o
3372 O' 3532
3452 3612
3872 4002 t 4182
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TII FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
4TH FLOOR OPERATOR 4TH FLOOR OPERATOR
B-8 B-8 B-8 B-8
B-9 B-9 B-9 B-9
B-4 B-4 B-4 B-4
B-13 B-13 B-13 B-13
B-9 B-9 B-9 B-9
B-6 B-6 B-6 B-6
B-2 B-2 B-2
t rt.....................
TABLE A-12
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN OH APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION I'ASADENA, TX
t 1
1t I 9 9
i
DATE SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION TWA CONCENTRATION
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
(MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
08 1 08 1 08 ' 1 08 1
10 1 10 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 08 1 OS 1 08 1
08- 3 08 3 08 3 08 3
08 3 08 3 08 ' 3 08 3 08 3 08 3 08 3
128 26.141 128 26.141 213 43.626 213 43.626
415 62.412 415 62.412
*
201 42.330 201 42.330 153 28.896 153 28.896
200 34.693 200 34.693 151 25.520 151 25.520
200 200 158 156
30.543 . 30.543 ` 24.936
24.936
200 41.722 200 41.722 147 30.706 147 30.706
243 56.137
161 36.067
243 56,137
161
36.407 *
240 47.769 162 31.363 240 47.769 162 31.363
236 236 ' 163
: . 28.779 : 28.779
4.357
< 0.010 < 0,010 < 0.010 < 0.010,
0.020 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 C 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010
0.050 0.030 < 0.010 < 0.010 0.020 0.020 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010 < 0.010
< 0.383 < 0.383 < 0.229 < 0.229
<
0.320 < 1 6.160
< 0.236 < 0.236 < 0.346 < 0.346
* <
< 0.288 < 0.288 < 0.392 < 0.392
<
< 0.327 < 0.327 < 0.401 < 0.401
<
< 0.240 < 0.240 < 0.326 < 0.326
<
0.891 0.832 < 0.178 . < 0.275
<
0.419 0.638 < 0.209 < 0.319
<
< 0.347 < 0.347 < 2.295
1
0.143 n,2nn 0.142 0.166
0.180
0.138
* {
0.488
0.317
1
'
i
;j
t r
i
' REAGENT
ETHYL CHLORIDE
; SAMPLE HUMBER JOB TITLE/LOCATIOH
B-2
9392 9502
9922 9682
B-5
B-5 B-5 B-5
0522 0782 0602
B-8 B-S B-8
. 1172 1332 1252
1912
B-12 B-12 B-12
B-12
2062 lUiZ
B-9 B-9
2192 2562 2222
2692
B-3 B-3 B-3 B-3
8931
B-7
fi 7 31
B-7
8651
B-7
A 7 51 #
B-7
i
8811 0022
B-15 B-15
0102 0282
B-l 8-1
r
TABU A-12 (cont)
SUMMARY OF SAMPLES TAKEN ON APRIL 8-10,1980
ETHYL CORPORATION PASADENA, TX
1
DATE
08
08 08 08 08
09 09 09
09 09 09 09
09 09
09 09 09 09
10 10 10 10
10 10
10 10
SHIFT SAMPLE TIME SAMPLE VOLUME ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONCENTRATION twatconcentratioh
(MINUTES)
(LITERS)
' (MG)
(MG/CU.M.)
(MG/CU.M.)
3 163
9.357
< 0.010
< ,2.295
< 0.572
3 238 3 162 3 238 3 162
61.922 42.969 61.922 92.969
0.020 0.020 < 0.010 < 0.010
0.326 0.966 < 0.163 < 0.233
< 0.239
2 225 2 190
2 225
. 59.856 '98.707
59.856
0.020 0.010 < 0.010
2 225 2 18B 2 225
95.828 37.879 95.828
0.020 0.010 < 0.010
2
188 '
37.879
< 0.010
2 223 2 223
99.656 99.656
*
0.020 < 0.010
0.339 0.205 < . 0.167
0.936 0.269 < 0.218 < 0.269
0.998 < 0.229
< 0.208
< 0.239 < 0.280
2 223 .
37.675
0.010
2 199 ` 35,119
0.010
2 223
37.675
< 0.010
2 199
35.119
< 0.010
0.265 0.285 < 0.265
< 0.285
< 0.206
1 918
88.287
0.030
1 918
88.922
0.030
1 918
88.287
< 0.010
1
918 .
88.922
< 0.010
0.390
0.337 < 0.113 < 0.112
< 0.198
1 917 1 917
89.903 89.903
0.090 < 0.010
0.971 < 0.118
0.265
1 918 1 918
58.51? 58.519
0.030 < 0.010
0.513 < 0.171
< 0.299
i
4soe oa
45