Document Rkm3VwXEXGzQmx8NJ3g2g1Jz

concrete illustrations, in . my own home town of c CONSIDERABLE concern is being shown in cer Lafayette, Indiana, there is a small manufacturer of /electric meters who not only met competition from ' big industry but has been able to give to Purdue tain quarters about the small industry, employing less / than one thousand people. Too many are of the opinion' that the USA is made up largely of giant industries, University a gift of about one million dollars for an electrical building and equipment. This manufacturer came as a poor boy from Scotland and made his employing tens of thousands, and that these large fortune in a small industry. Another citizen of La industries are prospering at the expense of the small fayette, Indiana, also of Scotch descent, developed industrialist. three small successful industrial establishments in his Census Figures home town, and when he died left to Purdue Uni versity several million dollars for research--all made But as a matter of fact, a study qf census figures in small industries. indicates that the largest portion of the manufacturing I _OuW'"Cif<nnauy cases in different parts of the of this country is being carried on by small industries. ^---country where people with ingenuity, ideas, and the In 1939, the Bureau of Census reported 184.2-30 industrial establishments, employing 7.8S6j567^people, or less than 43 people per indusIrwE'establishment. In New York State, in 1939, there were 34,506 in dustrial establishments employing 957,854 people, or less than 28 people per industry. Latest census figures, tor 1947. show that in that will to work (whether of Scotch descent or not) built up small profitable industries--assets to their localities and to the country as a whole. Some of these, like the Lincoln Manufacturing Company of Cleveland or the Bailey Meter Company of the same city, increased in size Wause of the demand for their product so that thpy are not now small industrial establishments. year we had 240.881 industrial establishments. They employed a total of 14.294.304. or an average of 59 employes per industry. Since a few industries grew phenomenally from 1939 to 1947. this average indi cates the great majority of our industrial establish ments are still quite small. Crying Need / The fact remains, however, that in this country in dustries whether small or big, can be successful if they have people of imagination, inventiveness, judgment, and character. What all American business and in Also another important factor is not generally dustry needs now, large and small, is to be left alone known, namely, that the small industry is frequently and to be allowed to reap the benefits from their much more profitable than the large industry. As brains, genius, vision, and hard work. The PLAN!' February, 1'>2 RS-000228 1/17/02 NUECES i t i ( c ( .1 t c l f c \ t / c F c h V F c< f; o 2 C] h. Pi T Dtsieni STBTIOn" ftlfldTROSt, COLO. * --. l"nX *T` Territory of The Western Colorado Power Compan extending from Durango to Paonia, Colorado, has been largely served by hydro-electric stations until recently, although two steam plants have been operated. Early in 1951 the 5,000 lew semi-outdoor-indoor steam plant described herein went into service. E-i*; T. A. PURTON, Chief Engineer, Utah Power & Light Co. Boiler, draft fans, dust collector, and other auxiliaries are installed out-of-doors. ROWING loads and uncertainty of sufficient water flow for the hydro electric power plants of The Western Colorado Power Co., a subsidiary of Utah Light and Power Co. dictated the erection of a recently completed 5000 kw steam electric station at Montrose in central western Colorado. Until 1951 Montrose, as well as the utility's area, received' 42% of its electrical energy from the hydro plants of the system. Today the hydro units take all the energy loads possible and, utilizing storage facilities, a considerable part of the peaks. The steam plant load, of course, varies with the total demand-- that is, the steam plants must take the remaining portion of the peaks besides a basic part of the energy load. The turbine generator together with steel foundation, condenser, and aux iliaries were purchased as a unit. Gen erator is equipped with top mounted air cooler so that the condenser is hung longitudinally inside the steel foun dation. This made a compact arrange ment and saved building space. Also purchasing of the equipment in this manner saved considerable engineering and other expense. Pulverized coal firing is employed for the 70,000 lb per hr steam genera tor, and steam is generated at 625 psig 830 F (at super-heater outlet). The 5,000 kw 4160 volt .8 pf turbine gen erator takes steam at 600 lb 825 F and exhausts to condenser at 1'/: in. Hg alsolute. If required, the turbine-gener ator can deliver 6250 kw at unitv power factor. Three bleed extraction point provide steam tor a low pressure heater (10 lb), deaerating heater (46 lb), and a high pressure heater (163 lb). Variable Loads The boiler is of two-drum water walled construction. Even with the boiler on the line alone, the demand on the steam plant varies with consumer requirements. Consequently the amount of load on the steam plant is not act ually under the control of the operator. Because of this fact, the operating crews were given special opportunities to become able to anticipate changes. As long as the automatic combustion and feedwater controls are functioning, the changes in load do not cause great concern: nevertheless operators pay special attention at all times to the load on the plant. Boiler efficiency is de signed to. run around 86.6% at full load. 1 ' In the design of this station, special etlort was made to provide the best of equipment, as well as alarms and safeguards, to assure continuous service. Also, because of the conditions, every effort is being made to minimize the possibility of shutdown. Inspections are made frequently; regular main tenance and good housekeeping are musts. To assure adequate head for the cir culating water and service water pumps a small diversion type dam was built to lorm an inlet-bay in the Uncom- phagre River, which supplies water for the turbine's condenser and various other pieces of equipment. Water for emergency evaporator feed, cooling, and drinking is obtained from the city's water mains, a set of checks and bleeders preventing back flow from the plant system into the city water lines. A railroad spur, built to bring in con struction materials and equipment, has been retained to bring in fuel and sup plies. Two types of fuel are available for firing the boiler--light fuel oil and run of mine bituminous coal. The former was provided for drying out operations and for re-starting the boiler after a prolonged shut-down. Coal (12,800 Btu with ash softening temperature of 2300 F and delivered by rail) can be side or hopper dumped to an unloading pit. A course grizzly is located at this point and a belt conveyor delivers the unloaded coal to a roll crusher that reduces it to %" or less. Other conveyors deliver the crushed coal to open yard storage or to the bunkers above the firing aisle. From the bunkers the coal is fed by gravity through automatic regulators to two pulverizers that serve the boiler's two burners, each burner having its own pulverizer. Pulverizers, driven by 60 hp electric motors, have integrally built tans that deliver the fuel to the burners. Burners are not crossconnected. Furnace \olume totals 4500 cu ft and holler has 7580 sq ft of heating 32 RS-000228 The PLANT February, 1952 1/17/M NUECES u piucs up j to iu degrees fcqty Next the condensate goes pressure heater where its temperature^ . is raised another 50 to 70 degrees.Promt., the low pressure heater, the condensate1 goes to a contact type deaerating feedwater heater. The deaerator acts as a control for surges in the feedwater system. If its level goes below a set point, a valve opens to admit condensate from a condensate storage tank, to the condenser. With this arrangement the added condensate is partially deaerated in the condenser, and because of the sub-atmospheric pressure, no special pump is required. With high water in the deaerator, a spill valve (just after the steam jet air ejectors) opens to allow condensate to go to storage. Recirculation Line Because the condensate is relatively pure, proper operation of the deaerator will reduce the oxygen to .005 ppm. Nevertheless, a recirculation line has been run from the boiler drum to the deaerator. If about 1% of the steam flow is fed from the boiler to the deaerator, the pH will be raised from Following the company's policy of modern public relations, the school children shown here in the firing aisle learn how steam and power are produced. about 6.2 to 7.6 This gain helps to protect the boiler feedwater lines and pumps. Also sodium sulphite has been surface exclusive o the superheater. Walls and floor are water cooled. In addition to the two main drums, two sidewall headers, and a hopper bottom header have been provided. Special tempering type equipment controls the superheat temperature at 830 F over a wide range of operation. Forced draft is supplied by a 23,230 cfm fan that has a double inlet, outlet damper, and inlet vanes. It is driven at a constant 1170 rpm speed by a totally enclosed 50 hp motor. Control of the air flow is automatic and an air piston operates the inlet vanes to the fan. The induced draft fan is rated i 37,000 cmf at 345 F. It also has a double inlet, oudet damper, and inlet i vanes and is driven at 1170 rpm--by a totally enclosed 100 hp motor. [Automatic Control Full automatic combustion control, lover a range of 20,000 to 70,000 lb added to the boiler water to eliminate especially at light loads, the flue gas any oxygen that gets by the deaerating temperature will drop below the dew process. point. To overcome that difficulty, a Dual boiler feed pumps, driven by manually operated arrangement has , 3550 rpm motors, have been provided. been provided to recirculate the hot air. These take suction from the deaerator Source of the raw boiler water supply and raise the feedwater pressure to is also the river, incoming water being 700 psig. Either pump has capacity passed through a traveling screen to for full load operation, so one is always remove sticks and organic matter. Like in standby. The pumps can be started other natural water, the dissolved without warm up. Water from the solitis content is too great to permit service header has been piped to the using this water as regular boiler feed pump bearings and stuffing box glands nukc-up. It could be used direedy as to keep them cool. make-up for the evaporator that was The evaporator was installed to make installed to provide boiler feed, but up for leaks and losses. Because of the maintenance on the evaporator is less temperatures involved, this unit was it the raw water is softened. Therefore incorporated in the boiler feed system a zeolite softener has been installed immediately after the feed pumps. to reduce the hardness of the evaporator Product of the evaporator is steam and feed. A sand and gravel filter precedes its heat is reclaimed in an evaporator the sottener to reduce the organic load condenser. The latter is a shell and tube on the zeolite beds. type heat exchanger with the feedwater Steam itom the turbine is condensed in the tubes and the evaporator steam in a tube- and shell condenser, which in the space. | per hr, has been provided for pulverized [coal firing; but combustion controls [have not been installed for oil firing, [which, at present at least, is only env |ployed intermittently. A tubular type air heater heats the has 5000 sq ft of surface made up of %" OD 18 BWG tubes, 20 ft long. When supplied with 5320 gpin 65 F cooling water, condenser is guaranteed to maintain less than 11 on. Hg vac uum. A single vertical circulating water Bleed steam from the high pressure extraction point of the turbine heats the feedwater to its final temperature of 350 F at full load. This heater is a shell and tube type with the boiler feed inside the tubes. |combustion air from the forced draft pump supplies cooling water for the Automatic soot blowers are provided fan to 530 F at full load, 9700 sq ft condenser, generator air cooler, and and soot is blown at least once a day. af heat exchange surface (made up o: 21/: in. tubes) being provided. Tempjerature of the flue gases, which is generator Kibe oil cooler. Duplicate :'.iirs o: air |et e\actors remove the non-coi'.censible gases. At present one retractable blower and 5 wall units are installed. Fly ash is removed by a dust collector [around 650 F as the gases leave the [boiler, is reduced to about 305 F before |ging to the ID fan. In cold weather. Condensate :< pumped from the 'tailor. > hot ue:l through the coolirTg t.lives o: die steam jet air ejectors where installed at boiler outlet, gas entering the collector at the rate of 37,000 cfm. Guaranteed efficiency is 90%--based lThe PLANT February. llo2 RS-000230 1/17/02 NUECES 33 /fev! f' aV-V.'- ' \ ` -> ' 5 ft. .i.y t-J 7^ *': ` :' r`'.'T.i ' {\s * > 0i o o 'h-.. ''' ~" l` oo o o i ; o 'T 'Tf. " L-1 ! J ' Special effort was made to supply the latest in automatic controls, alarms, and other safeguards. Unusual compactness is one of the outstanding fea m tures of the station's turbine generator installation. on having 30% of entering dust below 10 microns in size. Space has been provided for future installation of an electrostatic precipitator. Slag and ash from the boiler and flyash from the dust collector are removed by a vacuum conveying system and sluiced to waste. Steam for building heat comes usually from the desuperheated steam Turbine-generator--General Electric Co. Steam generator--Riley Stoker Corp. , Condenser--Ingersoll-Rand Air ejector--Ingersoll-Rand Condensate pump--Ingersoll-Rand Low pressure heater--Lummus Co. Flow control valve--Dailey Meter Co. Air heater--Riley Stoker Corp. Soot blowers--Vulcan Soot Blower Co. Water gages--Diamond Power Specialty Co. Safety valves--Consolidated-Manning Maxwell Sc Moore Pulverizers--Riley Stoker Co. (Attrita Mo. -D motors--Allis Chalmers Co. couplings--Centric Clutch Co. (Rawson'i feeders--Riley Stoker Co. magnetic separator--Cutler Hammer Co var. speed transmission--Reeves Pulley Company Oil burners--The Engineering Co. (Enco) Forced draft fan--Buffalo Forge Co. motor--Allis-Chalmers Co. Induced draft fan--Buffalo Forge Co. motor--Allis-Chalmers Co. coupling--Fast Coupling Dept.. Koppers Co., Inc. Boiler reed pumps--Worthington Pump and Mach. Coro. 34 ------LIST OF PRINCIPAL EQUIPMENT motors--Allis-Chalmers Co. Deaerating heater--Worthington Pump fit Mach. Corp. HP heater--Lummus Co. Evaporator condenser--Lummus Co. Combustion control & metering equipment-- Bailey Meter Co. Control switches--Wcstinghousc Electric Corp. Feedwater*control--Bailey Meter Co. Evaporator-^-Struthers-Wells Preheater with vent, condenser--Hoppes Mtg. Co. Du "it collector--Western Precipitation Corp. Crane--M, M & M (Shaw-Box) 15 tons Water softener--Cochrane Corp. (zeolite) Adi handling--United Conveyor Corp. Stack--Lang Co. (steel) Coal handling--Fairfield Engineering vibrating feeders--Syntron Co. magnetic pulley--Dings Magnetic Sep. Company coal crusher--American Pulverizer Co. I raveling screen--Link-Belt Co. (12,000 gpm Q 1.5 fps) Station sers ice transformer--Wcstinghousc l-.!e::ric Corp. ,, Ciri . water pump--Worthington Pump ic Mach. Corp. RS-000231 1/17/M NUECES motor--Westinghouse Electric Corp. Transformers, lightning arrestors, capacitors- General Electric Co. Alarm switch low level in boiler drum-- | F. H. Schaub Engrg. Co. Air compressors--Gardner Denver Co. filter--Dollinger Corporation water valve--Mercoid Corporation Screen & ash wash pumps--U. S. Pumps, Inc. I Service water pump--Worthington Pump & Mach. Corp. (centrifugal) jy" Storage battery--Gould Storage Battery Corp. t: Aux. healing boiler--Cleaver-Brooks Co. (SO hp) boiler feedpump--Aurora Pump Co. Battery charging m.g. set--Electric Products j Company Coal handling control panel--General Electric Company Car puller--Stephens-Adamson Co. Coal level indicator in bunker--Fairfield Engrg. Co. Condensate transfer pump--Gould's Pumps, ' Inc. Fuel oil pump--Geo. D. Roper Corp. Roof vent fans--American Blower Co. Insulated siding--H. H. Robertson Co. Piping contractors--Stearns-Rogers The PLANT February, 1952 ^