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AROCLORS
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AS USED TO EXTEND OR SUBSTITUTE CARNAUBA WAX
Monsanto Technical Bulletin No. P-132
Monsanto Chemical Company . St. Louis 4, Mo.
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______________________ March 18, 1949 ^
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Selected blends of AROCLORS*, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, are attractive extenders or sub stitutes for camauba wax in the manufacture of polishes.
This bulletin gives several practical formulas using
Aroclors in wax blends possessing the qualities of car-
nauba wax for automobile, wood, leather and linoleum
polishes.
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Registered In U. S. Patent Office
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I. INTRODUCTION
The AROCLORS, chlorinated biphenyl and chlorinated polyphenyls, when properly blended possess the unusual qualities required to satisfac-
to'rily extend or substitute carn&ubaj-ax. Moreover, the extension of carnauba wax with blended Arocior3 constitutes not only a saving ' or this unique an.d versatile wax, which has become scarcer in supply,
but it also offers an attractive saving in cost.
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Particularly in England, considerable work has been done to replace carnauba wax with blends of other waxes and Aroclors. Much of the following information about the use of Aroclors for this purpose is taken from the publication "Carnauba Wax Substitutes" by <3. W. Wood (Kaxwaxa Limited), presented in the Manufacturing Chemist and Manu facturing Perfumer, March 1948, Volume XIX.
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The physical properties of Aroclors are given in Monsanto's Technical; Bulletin Ko. P-115, "The Aroclors."
II. PROPERTIES OP PURE CARNAUBA WAX
Pure oarnauba wax has the following characteristics!
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Specific gravity...................................... O.99 at 15*C.
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Melting point ...........................................84.1-91*0.
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Acid value ........... 2.0-7.0
./
Sap. value
............................. 78.4-68.3 mg. KOH , .
Although there are several grades- of commercial carnauba wax, in general1';
the following properties are typical: .
..... .. , ............ . .
;i.-.v ......... . SJV'-;
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. : vV.-
.< specific gravity'.' ':v
\ 0.978 at 15*C.''
` 'Acid value :
7.8
.
Sap. value
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87.0
'''
Iodine value ................................. . . . 9.9* "
' Alcohols
.'........................ ....
.49.22*
.
. '-* Melting point of alcohols . . . . 8lC.'' " v V/a
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Acetyl value ........... 122 -
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, Hydrocarbons .' . . . .............................Nil
These properties indicate to the experienced wax blender that the .' ,.
preparation of a worthwhile substitute for carnauba requires the use
of unique materials in order to conform with the qualities of the
!
natural wax.
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III.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CARNAUBA WAX SUBSTITUTE
The principal requirements of a good carnauba wax substitute are:-
Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal to that of the natural wax.
Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline
- and somewhat brittle.
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~''"Melting point should be similar to the natural wax and . \the setting point should not be more than about 6C.
" below this point, otherwise protracted cooling phenomena will be experienced.
Performance. Especially with respect to physical appear
ance and performance, the substituted wax composition
. must possess the working characteristics of the natural
wax with reference to the particular end use application
of the substitute.
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IV. PREPARATION OF CARNAUBA WAX
' SUBSTITUTES ;
The early work done both in America and in Europe to prepare carnauba . , wax substitutes was based largely on blending materials such as paraf- . fin wax, ceresln, colophony, montan wax, beeswax, candelllla wax, ozo- . kerlte and shellac wax to arrive r.t a blend possessing properties simi lar to carnauba wax. Like the case of carnauba wax, several of these naturally occurring substitute materials hava Increased in price and have become scarce. Also, with the use of naturally occurring waxes. there has always been the problem of maintaining uniform quality. These factors led to the recent interest in Aroclors as extenders or substitutes for carnauba wax. A number of suggested blends and the characteristics are given in the following table.
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TABLE I.
\ COMPOSITION AND CHARACTERISTICS OP AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS
Parts by
No. Composition V'elRht
Color
Texture
Softening Melting
Point
Point
Aroelor 1268 5-0
Aroelor 1242 2.5
(1) Carnauba wax 2.5
Ceresin
20.0
Paraffin
70.0
Light cream
Smooth, hard non-tacky
58 eC.
67.5C.
Aroolor 1268 10.0
Aroelor 1242 5.0
(2) Carnauba wax 5.0
Ceresin
20.0
Paraffin
60.0
Pale
Similar to
yellow,
above
white
60 *C.
78*C.
-
Aroolor 1268 10.6
Aroolor 1242 4.9
(3) Carnauba wax 6.8
Ceresin
19.6
Paraffin
49.0
Pale
Similar to
yellow
above
77C. ' 79C.
Aroolor 1268 30.0
Aroolor 1242 5.0
(*0 Carnauba wax 10.0
Ceresin
20.0
Paraffin
--35.0 1
Pale yellow
Smooth, hard, slightly brittle
78 C.
78 *C.
Aroolor 1268 35-0
Aroelor 1242 5.0
3) Carnauba wax 30.0
Ceresin . 20.0
Paraffin
10.0
Pale cream
Slight surface . 79Cip- 86*C. v;-.: crystallinity
Aroolor 1268 35-0
Aroelor 1242 5.0 6) Carnauba wax 40.0
Ceresin
20.0
' Cream
Similar to ......" 8lC. above
86.5C. `
Aroolor 1268 35-0
Aroelor 1242 5.0 ,
7) Carnauba wax 50.0 ,
Ceresin
--10.0,*rJ
Cream
Smooth; carnau- 80.5*0. 88C. ba rinsed surface
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It should be noted that a liquid or plastlclzer-type Aroclor such as Aroclor 1242 Is used In combination with the resinous-type Aro clor 1268. This is done to enhance the compatibility of the resinous type Aroclors with the wax and to increase solubility of the blend in inexpensive solvents such as mineral spirits. Mixtures of Aroclors 1254 and 5460 are also suggested for preparing the wax blends.
A good commercial natural brown grade of ceresin wax is incorporated
for binding and absorption of all surplus liquid in the wax blend.
The standard white commercial grade of paraffin wax, melting point
135o-l40eF., is used largely as a filler. The type of carnauba wax
used in preparing the blends is prime yellow with a melting point of
84,5c.
.
*
All of these compositions possess excellent molding properties and
would be entirely suitable for the manufacture of molded products.
Mixtures No. 5, 6 and 7 can be especially recommended for this pur
pose or for electrical insulation work.
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Mixture No. 4 is excellent for use in polishes;
. V. TYPICAL FORMULAE OF POLISHES
The following are typical formulae for a household polish and a car pollshf -
Household Polish
Composition
PartB by weight
Composition No. 4 (Table I)
1
Natural ozokerite .... Paraffin,^hard ... . . . . .;
2I
r -i .;
Mineral spirits;.,. . '. .
70
,t \ -
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good 'i i '
polishing properties on wood and linoleum..
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Car Polish ,,
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Composition
Parts by weight .
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Composition No. 4 (Table I) .
15
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Candelilla wax ............................. Natural ozokerite . . . ... . ....
2 3
-!
Mineral spirits....................................... 80
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Characteristics. This Is a smooth paste, possessing good polishing properties on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
VI. AROCLOR-WAX BLENDS WITHOUT CARNAUBA WAX
Ouricury wax is less expensive than carnauba, generally much harder, with a melting point of 89-95C. and has equally good lusterproducing properties. The drawbacks of ouricury wax are inorganio impurities, chiefly admixed silica, and its dark color usually ranging from light chocolate brown to very dark brown.
The following formulation illustrates the replacement of carnauba
with a purified commercial grade, medium brown ouricury wax pos- '
sessing a melting point of 89C., acid value 11.0 and saponifica
tion value of 86.1:
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' Composition
` Parts by weight
Aroclor 5460 Aroclor 1242 . . ... . Ouricury wax........................ Ceresln....................... Paraffin ..................................
30 5
30 20 15
Characteristicsi
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Color --
Light buff.
Texture --
Very smooth, hard
Softening Point -- 6oC.
Melting Point -- 78.5C.
The following car polish was made according to this formula*'
'> .Y.,Crijil-:!'' '[': Car Polish (Ouricury)1 ' ^
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' ' Composition '
Parts by weight ..
'
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Wax blend (as prepared above) . 8
Natural ozokerite
. 2 .
.
Paraffin, hard
. . ... 10 ;
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' ' Aroclor 1242 ........................................ 5*
;v Mineral spirits
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75* , ;;*'
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*Dissolved with agitation before adding to the molten waxes .., i
(It is noteworthy that aluminum stearate should not be used in this
composition.)
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Characteristics:
The color of this composition Is a light
. brownish-tan similar to polishes made from
' fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good pol
ishing properties on all types of surfaces.
\ VII. TOXICOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT THE USE OP AROCLORS
In the manufacture of wax compositions containing Aroclors, precau
tions should be taken to avoid breathing the vapors from hot Aro
clors. In this connection, the atmosphere of the workroom should
be vented by the use of a suitable exhaust fan in line with ordinary
and goodfactory operating practice. .
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When Aroclors are used at normal temperatures, usually only normal precautions relative to the handling of chemlcalB or ordinary clean liness concerning commercial plant practice are followed.
With reference to the normal end use of polishes containing Aroclors
as suggested in the formulations given in this bulletin, it is not
expected that the Aroclors would present a problem of toxicity to-
humans. This is based on the following information reported by a
reliable source:
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It was determined by the skin patch test procedure given by Dr.
<//Louis Schwartz, and Dr. Samuel
Peck in Reprint No. 2552 from the
Public Health Reports, Vol. 59, No. 17 (April 28, 1944) that cotton
. fabric coated with Aroclor 5460 and an oil modified alkyd resin
in such a manner that each square inch of fabric contained 10.5 ig.
of Aroclor 5460, was neither, a skin irritant nor a senBit'lzer.
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Also, results of standard skin patch tests showed that Arotflor 1254 .
is neither a.skin Irritant nor a sensitizer.
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VIII. GENERAL COMMENTS
1. 'The use of a selected mixture of Aroclors permits the exten-. sion or substitution of carnauba wax to a substantial amount without detracting from the desired characteristics of the finished polishing wax formulation.^..This is accomplished at an.attractive saving in cost.
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2. Using a selected mixture of Aroolors and ouricury wax, it la possible to completely eliminate carnauba wax.
3. Polishing compositions of this type are excellent for use on practically all wood, leather, paint and linoleum surfaces.
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The information contained in this bulletin is to our best know
ledge true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions
are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are be
yond our control. Monsanto Chemical Company disclaims any lia
bility incurred in connection with the use of these data or
suggestions.
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Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a
recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing
patents covering any material or its use...;; ; r
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MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY St. .Louis 4, MO
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Detroit-Philadelphia-Los Angeles-San Franolsco-Montreal
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