Document RjvLjkRw5ZbkmEgYB69bZVg1X

FILE NAME Industrial Hygiene Foundation IHF DATE 1981 DOC IHF111 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION Industrial Hygiene Digest - 1981 Issues - Covers TOCs & Abstracts January 1981 Volume 45 No. 1 a LITERATURE ABSTRACTS oO ENVIRONMENTAL ANDOCUPATIONAL os OCCUPATIONAL 0 2 HEALTHANDNEWS Oe SAFETY NEWS | INDUSTRIAL HEALTH ae 5231 CENTRE AVENUE FOUNDATION INC 7 PITTSBURGH PA 15232 _ INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 81x - 121/81 News Items . 2. 1. 6 ee ee ee he ee ee Coming Events .... + Legal Developments . . . . 6 6 ee ee ee es Books and Pamphlets . 2. 6 4 6 es es ee ees Industrial Medicine . 2. 6. ee 8 ee ee Skin Diseases and Burns .. +. + ' ' es we ee : Chemical Hazards . . + + + woe eee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants re Physical Hazards . . - eee ee ee we eee Radiation .. a rs Sr) Environmental Problems ae rar Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . Occupational Health Management . - s+ 1s Safety Accident Prevention . s+. ses Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . . . - we nan + + Index 6 8 ee ee eee ee ee ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . 2. . 1 6 see January 1981 Volume 45 No.1 FEATURES An Occupational and Exposure Linkage System for the Study of Occupational Carcinogenesis Evaluation of Epidemiologic Studies in Assessing the Term Effects of Occupational Noxious Agents A Retrospective Cohort Study of Mortality Among Stainless Steel Welders Assessment of Exposed to or Mercury Renal Function of Workers Inorganic Lead Cadmium Vapor A Cohort Study on Workers Exposed to Trichloroethylene Study of Some Hepatic Effects Induction and Toxicity Caused by Occupational Exposure to Styrene in the Polyester Industry Asbestos Disease in Finland Fibrogenic Potential of Substitutes for Sand Blasting Operations Slags Used as in Abrasive Abst 25/81 Abst Abst 31/81 33/81 Abst No. Abst No. 42/81 55/81 Abst Abst 57/81 69/81 Abst No. 80/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest interest and major importance in contribution of the life sciences to the future successful implementation of various fossil energy pro- cesses The authors of the invited papers present current work and recent experimental findings related to the existing understanding of potential impacts and their reduction The scientist the engineer and the decision maker will find this new data and information of direct benefit as program implementation con- tinues and the summary and discussion included with each session will suggest those areas of continued uncertainty.. --Foreword 81x Toxicological Appraisal of Halogenated Aromatic Compounds Following Groundwater Pollu- tion from Ave. World Health Organization Available WHO Publications Centre USA 49 Sheridan Albany New York 12210. 58 p 1980 Price Sw fr .-- During the summer Vicenza Province of 1977 well water in part of Italy was found to be con- taminated with certain halogenated aromatic compounds The cause was subsequently shown to be percolation of process residues from an effluent lagoon This incident provided the immediate stimulus for convening a meeting in Venice in September 1979 of which this publication is the report While the pollutants in this instance included a variety of halogen- ated chloro- and nitrotoluenes the episode aroused interest in the possible adverse effects on health of a wider range of single halo- aromatic compounds The purpose of the mgeeenattiendg was thus to review available data on the chemistry environmental occurrence and toxi- cology of such chemicals to evaluate the possible health hazards associated with human to them in the environment and to exposure recommend appropriate guidelines for health As it was not considered advisable protection to study only the broad categories of substances a number of important representative chemicals within each group were selected for detailed review The report begins with a review of the available information on the major uses envi- ronmental occurrence and toxicological and physicochemical properties of halogenated tolu- benzenes and anilines and chlorophenols enes is made of Based on these data an assessment the danger to health of the presence in the environment of these chemicals The practical aspects of pollution monitoring and control are then discussed taking into account the fact that some chemicals are easily detected at very low concentrations whereas others which may occur at much higher concentrations are more difficult to detect The Working Group makes a number of conclusions and recommendations some to the pollution incident in Italy and specific Annexes to the others of a general nature a short account of the incident in report give Vicenza Province and a model for investigating incidents of groundwater pollution --Publisher's release January 1981 81x NIOSH Certified Equipment List National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Available from Publications Dissemination NIOSH Robert A. Taft Laboratories 4676 Colum- bia Parkway Cincinnati Ohio 45226. DHHS NIOSH 1980 Include Publication No. 80-144 139 P. Single copies available at no charge a addressed label with your request The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health under authorization of the Federal Mine Safety and Health Act of 1977 and the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 a testing approval and certification provides commercial availability of safe program assuring personal protective devices and reliable indus- trial hazard measuring instruments NIOSH develops improved performance regulations tests and certifies or approves devices and purchases approved and certified products on the open market to verify the quality of manufacture This publication a lists products certified as of May 1980 b contains tables of useful information concerning certified coal mine dust personal sampler units sound level meter sets detector tube units respirators c updates the lists of approval applicants and d pro- vides a list of test procedures for certifica- tion of the above products --Abstract INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 81x Occupational Cancer and Carcinogenesis H. Vainio Toxicol Environ Health 6 al eds J. 921-1335 Sept./Nov 1980 The entire issue is devoted to papers given at an International Course on Occupational Cancer It will also be issued as a separate book After an Introduction by the Editors the Histori- ca Perspectives of Occupational Cancer are discussed by P. Bogovski are included PART ONE The following papers Current Aspects of of Environmental and Cancer Importance Occupational Factors in Cancer J. Higginson Style in Occupational Cancer A. M. Adelstein Dietary Components and Cancer E. Hiet- anen Radiation Carcinogenesis J. Rantanen Somatic Mutation Theory M. Sorsa Heredity of Cancer J. Rapola PART TWO Carcinogenesis at the Molecular Metabolic Activation and Inactivation of Chemical Carcinogens O. Pelkonen & K. Vahakangas Alkylation of DNA and Carcinogenicity of Nitroso Compounds R. Montesano et al Binding of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocrabons to DNA Camparison With Mutagenesis and Tumorigenesis O. Pelkonen et al Asbestos and Metals as Carcinogens T. Norseth PART THREE Detection of Chemical Identification and Definition of Carcinogens Chemical Carcinogens Review of Criteria and Research Needs U. Saffiotti DNA Replication Repair and Repair Tests B. Lambert Term Mutagenicity Tests C. Ramel and ShortU. Rannug Industrial Hygiene Digest 0 _ e Methods in the Detection of Chemical Cytogenetic M. Sorsa New Concepts of Design Carcinogens and Utility of Large Carcinogenicity Studies L. Fishbein PART FOUR Epidemiologic of in Carcinogen Detection Approaches Chloride as Seen Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Observations J. K. Wag- Through Epidemiologic in the Evalu- oner et al Cancer Registries ation of Occupational Cancer I. Teppo Trans- Childhood placental Carcinogens anadndMuAbtoargteinosns as Risk Cancer Malformations K. Hemminki al Aspects of Indicators Confounding and Effect Modification in the of Occupational Cancer Risk 0 AAsxseelsssomnent PART FIVE Risk Branches in Indus- . Potential Carcinogenic and Mutagenic L. Industrial Chemicals I. Alkylating Agents Fishbein Chemical Hazards in the Plastics H. Vainio et al Polycyclic Aro- Industry in Foundries R. Schimberg matic Hydrocarbons of Lung Cancer in Found- et al Epidemiology of Chem- ries S. Tola Toxicological Aspects ical Hazards in the Rubber Industry B. Holmberg B. Sjostrom Cancer Risk Among Rubber Work- & Cancer Hazards M. Hakama & 1. Kilpikari ers Caused by Nickel and Chromium Exposure T. Norseth Arsenic Compounds and Cancer O. Axelson Sister Chromatid Exchange and Chro- of Laboratory mosome Aberrations in Lymphocytes Personnel B. Lambert & A. Lindblad Chlori nated Hydrocarbons and Cancer Epidemiologic Cancer of the O. Axelson Occupational Aspects Asbestos and Cancer Urinary Bladder S. Tola in Finland M. S. Huuskonen Cancer Incidence Trades A. Ing- Among Painters and Some Allied of Risk Assessment-- Overview lund PART SIX L. of Quantitative Risk Assessment Some Aspects Assessment R. f Fishbein The Morals of Risk Worker Involvement in Risk Assess- Yodaiken The Problem of Extrapolating ment B. Holmberg Observed Carcinogenic Effects to Estimates From U. Saffiotti of Risk for Exposed Populations . Extrapolation From Animal Panel Discussion et al to Humans P. Bogovski Experiments JFB Occupation 25/81 An and Exposure Linkage for the Study of Occupational System S. Hoar et al J. K. Carcinogenesis Med 22 722-726 Nov. 1980 Occup ~~ 23 refs of the adverse effects of occupational Studies informative when jobs can be exposures are most to the specific chemical or classified according involved However information physical agents this is not sufficiently detailed to permit In such instances a study often available classified usually will be based on subjects according to industry or task effectively to which exposure ignoring the specific agents tends to occurred Such crude classification between specific specific reduce or obscure associations to this and disease In response exposures have developed an occu- problem the authors with par- pation and exposure linkage system Occu- ticular reference to carciniongdeunsetsriys and by task pations were classified by January 1981 within the industry Lists of suspect carcinogene vere developed and each suspect carcinogen waas linked to industries and tasks in which it bas been used These links make it possible to category all study place in the same exposure subjects whose employment history suggests contact with a particular agent Epidemiologic be based on chemical and analysis then can or rather than on industries physical exposures enhances the value of tasks The linkage system information on occupation obtained from death certificates cancer registries medical records and questionnaires --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 81x An Epidemiologic Perspective of K. M. Environmental Carcinogenesis Maclure and B. MacMahon Epidemiologic Reviews 2 19-48 1980 281 refs of this review is to describe the The purpose epidemiologic perspective of environmental today It begins by offering offering a brief cancer review of present knowledge of causal relation- drawing attention to unanswered ships in manSince the objective is not to review questions critically the entire body of literature but rather to produce a global view of the subject reference is made to recent reviews frequent without duplicating their bibliographies Problems in quantitation that are generic to relationships are dis- many exposure cussed --Condensed from text ry Bronchial Provocation Tests al 27/81 Aspecific G. Moscato et in Occupational Medicene 1980 55 G. Ital Med Lavoro :( 21-26 rcis Italian the use and the meaning of Literature reports on bronchial provocation tests on Occupa- specific Medicine are reviewed Although to tional date limited utilization does not permit a definitive evaluation on their value in preven- tion diagnosis and treatment of respiratory occupational diseases the authors suggest some situations in which aspecific bronchial provoca- tion tests might be useful --Author's abstract 28/81 Total K. P. Roentgenologic Determination of Lung Capacity R. D. Miller and Offord Mayo Clin Pro 55 694- 699 Nov. 1980 14 refs Geometric analysis of the chest roentgenogram f allows calculation of estimated gas volume are made on individual patients roentgenograms studies in which relatively or in epidemiologic expensive nitrogen meters or body plethysmo- are not available the thoracic roentgeno- graphs economical alternative This gram provides an methods of two roentgenographic study compares in 154 subjects estimating total lung capacity 10 Industrial Hygiene Digest metabolic activation system The addition of * glucuronidase did not effect The facts that enhance the mutagenic coke plant workers are exposed to very high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAH and that there is no observed enhanced mutagenicity of their urine indicate that the mutagenicity observed with urine from smokers is not due to conventional PAH --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 68/81 New Approaches to the Establishment of Standards for Harmful Substances in the Air of Work Areas 1. V. Sanotsky and I. P. Ula- nova Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 8 5-8 1980 Russian The present status of sanitary of toxic substances in the air standardization of work areas is reviewed Experimental studies have made it possible to proaches to of MAC the formulate fundamentally novel apthe setting of two different kinds average MAC for one shift and the highest occasion MAC for those sub- stances showing very marked cumulative prop- crties is still The principle of maximum valid for certain groups concentration of chemical compounds irritant substances substances having strictly directional actions etc. --Authors abstract in English INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 69/81 Asbestos Disease in Huuskonen et al 1. Occup Nov. 1980. 35 refs Finland Med 22 M. S. 751-754,. Finland was the world's main producer of antho- phyllite asbestos between 1918 and 1975 The total amount of mined anthophyllite asbestos was 350,000 tons of which 230,000 Anthophyllite quarry workers least five years between 1936 tons were exported who had worked at and 1972 showed the highest risk of asbestosis in comparison with other groups of asbestos workers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 70/81 Amosite as and Mesothelioma in J. Soc Occup Med a Cause of Lung Cancer Humans S. F. McCullagh 30 153-156 Oct. 1980 17 rets The Advisory Committee on Asbestos has lately recommended that the hygiene standard or control limit for amosite should be 0.5 fibres half the limit recommended for chrysotile The evidence that would justify different limits for these two types of asbestos and particularly the evidence upon which the Committee appears most heavily to have relied is reviewed It is oe January 1981 concluded that this evidence does not suffice to justify different limits for these two different types of asbestos --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 71/81 Mesothelioma Risks C. Sheers and R. M. Coles in aNaval Dockvard Arch Environ Health 35 276-282 Oct. 1980. 11 refs There have been 108 deaths from mesothelioma of the pleura or peritoneum in Plymouth and the immediate neighborhood as of 1978 Ninetysix deaths have been associated with work at the Devonport Dockyard 53 of which represented men employed at the dockyard in 1966. Occupational Occupational mesothelioma rates were similar to those recorded in London asbestos textile workers Above aver- age rates in this study boilermakers painters were observed in laggers wilders and burners and In addition to mesothelioma in shipwrights other.men other.men with neighborhood exposure at work cases have occurred in men whose only exposure has been to the environment within the walls of the dockyard outside ships asbestos has been handled and workshops where No case has been seen in indoor office workers There is no evidence of any increase in risk to the population of Plymouth outside the dockyard --Authors abstract reprinted by permission for 72/81 ADiagnostic Standard Pleural Thickening Due to Asbestos Exposure I. Phibara and Y. Yamada J. Sci Labour 56 529-540 Sept. 1980. 19 refs Japanese A study was made in order to set up a reasonable diagnostic standard for pleural changes For this purpose 502 chest radiographs of people in area where many asbestos workers live and X- ray films of people in area as investigated These ray films control wer had been taken for the purpose of health checks of old persons Radiological pleural changes in the laterial chest near the VIIIth rib on A ray films should be the most important findings of asbestos exposure However increased amount of extrapleural fat or other soft tissues also might show similar shadows at the similar locality Accord- ingly differentiation between such radiological changes at the site being of asbestos origin or shadows of other soft tissues was the most important point in setting up a diagnostic stan- dard for pleural thickening due to asbestos exposure Empirically it is only the radiological pleural known that adopting changes more than 3 mm in width is suitable for minimizing the false positive or false negative These results gest that the diagnostic standard based on sugwidth more than 3 mm radiological density density distribution and shape of radiological pleural change is reasonable and acceptable --Condensed from abstract in English 19 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ January 1981 Effects of Sampling Practice on 73/81 The of Airborne Asbestos the Measured Concentration 259-272 S. T. Beckett Ann Occup Hyg 23 1980. 15 refs of variations in sampling practice The effect amosite and the measurement of airborne upon fibre concentrations by the chrysotile asbestmoesthod has been investigated membrane filter dust chamber and in a laboratory experimentally in industrial situations The to a lesser extent rate and tested were sampling flow of parameters size and electrostatic charge volume the pore of inclination of the the filter and the angle of filter an in- sampling head For all types in a rela- in the sampled volume resulted crease of the measured concentration tive lowering an analytical effect This was found to be due to of the in sampling efficiency and not to changes of fibres without a The collection filter flow accounted for 10 of a sample taken therefore only sampling 200 ml min This effect is at low flow rate relatively important at mveemrbyrane filters when Large 8 ...m pore size a fibre amosite at 21. min produced sampling 15 lower than equivalent count approximately sized filters al- on 0.8 um pore measurements fibre penetration though there was no significant this type of filter Approxi- fibres completely through and chrysotile 20 of both amphibole mately an 8 um pore size Nucle- however passed through The electro- filter at this sampling rate pore filter and the angle of in- static charge on the head did not appear clination of the sampling affect the measurements to significantly --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 74/81 Air R. fighters Assn J. 41 Contaminants D. Treitman Encountered et al Am by FireInd Hyg 796-802 Nov. 1980 17 refs the initial state of autosen- shown that neither of the body affect nor the reactivity sitization of various forms of the subsequent development to believe However there are reasons silicosis of autosensitization is ptaharttictuhelarplhyenommaernkoend in animals with a predomi- of silicosis nantly nodular type --Authors abstract in English ry Mechanism of Antisilicotic Action 76/81 On the On_the Mechanism Morozova Morozova Antisilicotic Gig Trud of Glutamic Acid K. I. 1980 7 refs Prof. Zabol 8 36-38 Russian macrophages with Preincubation of peritoneal found acid both in vitro and in vivo was glutamic to the injurious to enhance their resistance of dust One possible mechanism action of quartz acid may be action of glutamic the anticytotoxic of adenyl nucleo- stimulation of the biosyinnthtehseisADP ratio tides with an increa-s-eAuthors abstract in English to 81x A Survey of OccupationIa.l W.ExpH.osuHreead and Dust Made Mineral Fibre 235-258 R. M. Wagg Ann Occup Hyg 23 1980. 14 refs Fibresto fibrous dust has been Occupational exposure and use of a wide studied during the manufacture of of made fibres and the results range dust sampling are presented Fibrous atmospheric in the survey included materials encounteredGlass Fibre Insulation Wools Continuous Filament Fibres Fibre and Mineral Wool Refractory Glass Parallel sampling tech- and Glass obtain airborne dust levels niques were used to concentration of in terms of both the gravimetricconcentration and dust and the total particulate fraction as size distribution of the fibrous determined by optical microscopy --Authors abstract reprinted of eight air contaminants The concentrations and chronic health suspected of causing acute in over were measured problems for firefighters using a personal 200 fires in the City of Boston of both Threatening concentrations air sampler acrolein were found in a carbon monoxide and Less hazardous of the fires small proportion chloride hydrogen cyanide levels of hydrogen dioxide were also dioxide and carbon nitrogen found in most fires but at noted Benzene was those expected to cause concentrations well below data have appli- The air sampling acute injury of smoke inhalation victims cation in treatment and selec- of firefighting strategies development devices tion of respiratory protection --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 75/81 On the Pathogenesis of V. Belobragina Role of Autosensitization Silicosis E. V. Petrova Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 35 1980. 10 refs Russian in the and G. 8 33- dust particles for 9 Rats exposed to fine quartz and it was nonths developed autosensitization by permission Prevention 78/81 Medical Aspects of Silicosis HUNOSA and its Statistical del Trabajo in Coal Mining A. H. Lopez Med Seg Evolution 29-31 Oct./Dec 1979 Spanish 27 the statistics on silicosis in coal Changes in mining at HUNOSA are--aAuntahloyrs'esd abstract in English Disease in Agate Work- 79/81 . Occupational Lung Tox Bull \ S. H. Clerk et al Industrial ers 3 1-2 Aug. 1979 Research Centre ITRC The Industrial Toxicology of 342 workers Lucknow India conducted a suravnedy drilling of engaged in grinding chipping as controls stone along with 149 subjects agate of the survey were 1 to assess The objectives workers of lung diseases in agate the prevalence if any of the and ii to explore correlation of occupational diseases with age sex duration rn Industrial Hygiene Digest 122 Product Data ; 81x Industrial Hygiene News 122 National Safety News Natl Safety 100-120 Oct. 1980 of commercially available An alphabetical listing and and devices with the manufacturers products distributors --JFB --JFB Labor Unions and Accident Prevention 113/81 J. E. Aberton Prof. Champion or Adversary Safety 25 19-20 Nov. 1980 work with industry to Many labor groups genuinely Their efforts accidents and injuries prevent in the human element as are equally intensive the machine and environment elements well as as a champion of safety But until all labor joins the area no matter where and accident prevention accidents of correction is warranted preventablesuffering and injuries with the resulting paitno occur and financial losses will continue solicit and actively Labor unions should promote If an and health of their members the safety fulfilling obliga- industry or employer unisionnotefforts most certainly tions to emdiprleocyteeeds to seeing that these obligaefforts should be satisfied To undermine honest tions are to correct unsafe or careless employ- by employers or disregard of rules ees whose own negligednicreectly led to an accident and regulations has to labor unions in opposition or injury puts disservice to the these efforts and is really a members they represent --Condensed from text METHODS ANALYTICAL METHODS MISCELLANEOUS ANALYTI MISCC ELLA ANEL OUS Contaminants in Direct Coal 114/81 Organic Assessment R. Liquefaction PArmeliImnidnarHyyg Assn J. 41 851- Tanita et al 853 Nov. 1980 9 refs taken at two coal liquefaction Area samples by either gas chromato- facilities were analyzed to chromatography spectrometry graphy or gas contaminants to identify the types of organic indicate be exposed Results which workers may consisted primarily of one that the contaminants molecular molecular weight aromatic com- or two ring pounds --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 115/81 of Arsine in The Determination Fluorescence Spectrometry Air by ray Ann Occup Hyg Keech and N. G. West 273-282 1980 14 refs Workplace D. J. J. 23 Arsine AsH3 is a highly toxic gas which may be certain industrial evolved accidentally during manufacture The pres- rocesses e.g. bmaetttheordy for the determination of int colorimetric suffers from a sine in industrial atmosphere __ January 1981 parts of limitations which make it unsuitable number A new method for monitoring personal exposures is trapped on has been developed in which the gas then a silver nitrate impregnated filter paper This for arsenic by ray fluorescence analysed routine monitoring of be used for the method may arsine down to tenth of workers exposure to a 15 1 on the TLV TLV = 0.05 sample --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 116/81 Quantitative rayray Diffraction Analysis Quantitative in the Industrial for Airborne Asbestos Dust Environment Application of ray Absorption Correction Method N. Kohyama Ind Health 18 69-87 1980 19 refs an analysis of standard asbestos The quantitative dust in indus- chrysotile for airborne asbestos dif- trial environments was performed by ray combined with ray ab- fraction technique method Through this inves- sorption correction that airborne asbestos it was revealed tigation of5 to 50 pg per cm mounted on a chrysotile filter could be quantitatively silver membrane accuracy when an airborne dust measured with high1 to 10 of chrysotile w in sample contained When an matrix by this correction method any dust sample was composed of pure or airborne the quantitative analysis nearly pure chrysotile On the basis could be done up to 5 mg pceornclcumde d that the ray of these results it was for correction method is quite useful absorption of airborne asbestos dust in industhe determination and without knowledge of trial environments of matrix existing in an kind and the percentage the true weight of chryso- airborne dust sample of 5 to 50 g tile could be obtained in the range considering that quantitative range per cm By air condition especially sampling sampling As the diffraction inten- volume was evaluated is fairly sensitive to phys- sity of chrysotile a ical and chemical conditions of preparation a standard sample is also proposal for making cited --Author's abstract reprinted by permission + Pollutants in 117/81 Volatile Environmental Biological Matrices with a Headspace Purge L. C. Michael et al Anal Chem Technique Oct. 1980 29 refs 52 1836-1841 and dynamic headspace analysis were Gas stripping volatile haln- evaluated as methods for purging from human biological samples genated organics tissue In urine blood milk and adipose by volatile compounds are purged gas stripping through a liquid sample at bubbling an inert gas mate- The purged organic elevated temperature Tenax rials are trapped on the polymetric sorbent chromatographic analysis GC for subsequent gas In dynamic headspace analysis the gas the solution passos This over rather than through is particularly applicable to samples procedure biological samples Vali- which foam such as February 1981 - Volume 45 No. 2 a LITERATURE - _ ABSTRACTS co ENVIRONMENTAL - AND - OCCUPATIONAL - HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE FOUNDATION INC | PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. February 1981 Volume 45 No. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS t This ' Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 81x -- 222/81 . News Items . Coming Events 6p 6 Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine ee ew ee . .. . ee ee ey ee 6. 6. . . 6 6 ep 6 8 we ew ee ee ee we we ee te he Skin Diseases and Burns Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts ... 1. and 2. 6 6 6 ee Inhalants ee ee ee Physical Hazards . Radiation 6 ou we 2. ee ee we ee we ee ee ee he ee we ee we ee ht Environmental Problems . . e016 ee ee ee ee ee ee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . 1... Safety Accident Prevention coe Analytical Methods Miscellaneous '. 6 6 6 ee ew Index 6 ee ee ee ee ee 1 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eh ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted th 145 5 8 12 18 : 21 21 22 23 24 : 25 . 27 29 FEATURES Deposition Retention and Clearance of Inhaled Particles A Method for Monitoring the Fertility of Workers 1. Method and Pilot . Studies Mortality of Welders Shipfitters and Other Metal Trade Workers in Boilermakers Local No. 104 AFL Environmental Chromium Dust and Lung Cancer Mortality e Placental and Stillbirth Tissue Lead Concentrations in Occupationally Exposed Women Vinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Chloride Exposure and Occupational Lung Disease a Abst No. 146/81 1 Abst No. 152/81 -- Abst No. 156/81 1 164/81 1 Abst No. 166/81 -- Abst 175/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest this notice must be submitted on or before July 30 1981 --Summary reprinted 81x WHO Group Recommends New Standards for . Cadium Lead Manganese Mercury Occup Health & Safety Letter 11 4-5 January 8 1981 A World Health Organization study group concerned with occupational exposure to heavy metals has recommended new standards on cadmium lead manganese and mercury They are Cadmium A short- term exposure level for cadmium oxide fumes and respirable dust of 250 micrograms Cd provided the weighted average is respected For longterm exposure the weighted average concentration should be below 20 micrograms and in the present state of knowledge a tentative value of 10 micrograms mis recommended For biological limits a value of 10 micrograms Cd of whole blood is proposed as the individual critical level if the exposure is regular and long term The individual Cd concentration should not be allowed to reach since above this 10 micrograms concentration Cd creatinine there is some risk of renal dysfunction Inorganic Lead A health- based biological exposure limit for Pb of 400 micrograms is recommended for males and for females over the reproductive age This init is based on the adverse effects of Pb level of females in the reproductive age range should be kept as low as possible and to protect should not exceed 300 micrograms In the fetus practice it said ions for this recommendation may imply women of bearing age to restrictwork in areas where exposure may cause Pb levels to exceed the 300 microgram limit Manganese On the basis of studies and observations in ferro- manganese plants where workers are exposed to dusts and fumes containing mainly manganese dioxide in particles small enough to reach the alveoli a value of 0.3 mg of respirable manganese particles per 3 of air weighted average can be recommended as the health limit of occupational exposure However the proposed value is tentative in view of the fact is a lack of precise information about that ~ there exposure- effect and exposure Inorganic Mercury For air weighted average for relationships ? 25 micrograms / urine 50 micrograms creatinine individual levels for term exposure A range of 200-1000 micrograms recommended for short exposure but a value of 500 micrograms is recommended provided the weighted average is not exceeded Owing to the potential fetotoxicity of mercury the limits are not applicable to whose exposure should women of bearing age be kept as low as possible Copies of the report Recommended Health Based Limits in Occupational Exposure to Heavy Metals WHO Technical Report Series No. 647 1980 ISBN 92 4 120647 0 can be obtained from WHO Public- ations Centre NY 12210 USA 49 Sheridan Avenue Albany --Condensed from text February 1981 81x Asbestos Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements Environmental Protection Agency Fed Reg 46 8200-8249 ~~ January 26 1981 Proposed Rule This rule proposed under the authority of section a of the Toxic Substances Control Act TSCA 15 U.S.C. 2607 a would require reporting to EPA by asbestos manufacturers importers and processors This proposal would require the reporting of quantities of asbestos used in various processes employee exposure and monitoring data and waste disposal and pollution control information Reported information will be considered by EPA in deciding whether and how to regulate asbestos under TSCA Any company that mines asbestos imports or processes asbestos fiber or any containing product should consider submitting comments Dates Written comments on this proposal should be submitted on or before March 27 1981. Following the written comment period there will be a 20 day period during which EPA personrel will be available to meet in Washington D.C. with interested persons --Summary reprinted . COMING EVENTS May 1 National Electrical Code 70-78 Changes Workshop Best Western Thruway House Albany N.Y. Write Ms. Judy Bolton Div for Continuing Education National Fire Protection Association 470 Atlantic Avenue Boston Mass 02210 During May this course will be repeated May & Columbus Ohio - Chio Fire Academy 12 Atlanta Ga - Century Center Hotel May 3 - 5 National Conference on High Blood Pressure Control The New York Hilton New York N.Y. Write Conference Headquarters Natl on High Blood Pressure Control 1501 Wilson Suite 600 Arlington Va 22209 Conf Blvd. May 4 - 5 Basic Radiation Hazard Control Meets licensing requirements Holiday Inn Arlington Va Write International Institute Safety & Health 9413 Jones Place Seabrook Md 20801 . 3 Ma 4 y - 5 8th International Symposium on Flammability & Fire Retardants Queen Elizabeth Hotel Montreal Quebec Write V.M. Bhatnagar Alena Enterprises of Canada P.O. Box 1779 Cornwall Ontario Canada K6H 5V7 May 4 - 8 Occupational Respiratory Protection NTOSH 593 Kansas City Mo. Write Ruth K. McIntyre Director Continuing Education Midwest Center for Occupational Health and Safety 640 Jackson Street St. Paul Minn 55202 February 1981 I a No adverse effects were apparent at 10 or 100 ppm In the generation reproduction study no . adverse effects were apparent on fertility viability lactation number of still- gestation born and weaned per born and mean number of pups litter Adverse effects occurred only on the 640- diet and these consisted of lower weaning ppm weights of offspring and depressed body weight gains of parent rats --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 184/81 Asbestos in a Barcelona Fibrocement Factory F. Segarra et al Environ Res 23 292-300 Dec. 1980 9 refs An epidemiological study of the incidence and of asbestosis was carried out in clinical aspects a fibrocement factory located near Barcelona This is the first study of this nature in Spain Out of 840 workers 729 were examined using the DLCOSB following procedures Medical questionnaire biotype weight and height physical examination a chest radiography PA and obliques PFT static volumes FEV FEV1 volume curves Raw lung and laboratory procedures CBC SGaw asbestos bodies in serum proteins ANF RF sputa Asbestosis was found in 214 workers 30 At the initial stages of the approx in the radio- disease pleural involvement appears earlier and more frequently than logical diagnosis There is a 26 and 13 respectively parenchymal between asbestosis defined linear relationship incidence and years of exposure from 0 in the with less than 5 years of exposure near % girnoutphe group with 5-9 years and up to 69 for Pulmon- those with 30 or more years of exposure are the most significant physical ary crepitations finding observed in third of the subjects and the pulmonary function The clinical symptoms involvement tests suggest beyond doubt a bronchial in asbestosis --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 185/81 Primary Pericardial E.I. Kahn et al Environ Der 1980. 26 refs Mesothelioma Res 23 270-281 . An increased incidence of malignancies after asbestos has been well established exposure to carcinoma of Mesothelioma of pleura peritoneum tract and possibly of the lung gastrointestinal with have been described as well as cases Ovary other hand an multiple primary tumors On the association of asbestos exposure with primary mesothelioma has not been reported pericardial which such This paper describes the first case in a relationship existed --Condensed from Introduction 186/81 Characterizing and Discriminating the Shape of Asbestos Particles H.G. Siegrist Jr. and A.G. Wylie Environ Res 23 348-361 Dec. 1980. 8 refs The lengths and widths particles from each of nonfibrous amphiboles of approximately 1000 four asbestos samples two and one serpentine sample were measured utilizing the SEM The asbestos samples are commercially available and include chrysotile from Quebec chrysotile from . California crocidolite amosite from South from South Africa Africa and The tremolite and serpentine are from New York and the riebeckite is from California Beneficiation including milling of amosite crocidolite and tremolite and air classifications of the two chrysotile samples was done under commercial conditions the riebeckite was milled in the Laboratory For comparison the same measurements were made on the California chrysotile using TEM Shape characterizations of the samples are compared using regression techniques The usefulness of the various shape definitions including length width and aspect ratio length in characterizing and discriminating between samples is explored and evaluated Significant results include I Frequency distribution of log length log width and log aspect ratio show very apparent differences between asbestos and nonasbestos populations II Dimensional differences and accurate classification according to dimensions are enhanced by regressing log width and log aspect ratio against log length III Discriminant function analysis is able to quantify the distinction between asbestos and nonasbestos particle dimensions such that over 95 of the population assignments are correct IV Log width is a more efficient classifier than log aspect ratio using either linear regression of discrimin- ant function analysis for these particular samples V The choice of instrumentation i.e. TEM vs SEM may affect the sample characterization VI descriptions of the dimensions of Quantitative the habit of the small particles may be related to mineral and the structure of the mineral groups to which the particles belong However such mineral- ogical distinctions are particles whose longest probably not dimension is valid for less than about 1 ...m --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 187/81 Investigation of the Effects of Capacity Vacuum Cleaners W.L. Johnston and onAsbestos W.J. Loflin Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 41 927-931 Dec. 1980. 11 refs Nine industrial vacuum cleaners designed for collection of determine how asbestos waste the performance were tested to was affected when the manufacturer's specified capacity was approach- ed attained and exceeded This determination was assessed by measurement of the airborne asbestos fiber concentration in the vacuum cleaner discharge air and the change in vacuum cleaner By Industrial Hygiene Digest t suction pressure Airborne were found to be far below fiber concentrations the present OSHA standard however the suction pressure of each vacuum cleaner dropped considerably as the capa- city was approached and exceeded All of the units tested except one were able to contain 25 more than their specified capacity without any internal problems filtering system failure or total loss of suction pressure --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 188/81 Scanning Electron Microscopy and ray Microanalysis of Mineral Deposits in Lungs of a Patient with Pleural Mesothelioma375- E.M. Ophus et al Brit J. Ind Med 37 375- 381 Nov. 1981. 22 refs Scanning electron microscopy of lung tissue ashed at low temperature and obtained from an insulation worker who had died of pleural mesothelioma showed the presence of numerous inorganic particles and fibres A regional variation in fibre concentration in different tissue samples was found and the size distribution of naked fibres and asbestos bodies was determined By energy dispersive ray microanalysis the fibres were identified mainly as amphibole asbestos This method also showed the ' presence of particles containing titanium and of fragments of diatom shells Despite a mean concentration of 33 ^ 106 fibres per gram of dry tissue no significant lung fibrosis was found --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 189/81 Role of Family Susceptibility Occupational and Family Histories and Individuals Blood Groups in the Development of Silicosis M.H. Noweir et al Brit J. Ind Med 37 399-404 Nov. 1980. 21 refs A previous investigation has shown that family susceptibility and occupational and family histories have a decisive role in the development + of byssinosis among workers exposed to flax dust Results of investigation of silicosis in 814 male workers exposed to bearing dust showed that family susceptibility has an important role in the development of silicosis among examined workers and workers whose fathers had an occupational history of exposure to bearing dust were more resistant to the development of the disease than those with exposed fathers The degree of consanguinity of parents and individuals blood groups also have a role Workers with cousin parents were relatively highly susceptible to the development of silicosis as well as workers with blood groups 0 or AB It has been concluded that the investigated factors might have a role in the development of other occupational diseases and further investigations are indicated --Authors abstract reprinted by permission . February 1981 190/81 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Secondary to Inhaling Methylene Chloride J. Fagan et al Brit Med J. 281 1461 Nov. 29 1980. 5 refs Carbon monoxide poisoning usually results from inhaling fumes from engine exhausts poorly ventilated heating devices or gas refrigerators With the advent of natural gas which is free of carbon monoxide the risk of accidental poisoning has decreased The authors report a case of severe carbon monoxide intoxication caused by inhaling methylene chloride from a commercial paint remover --Condensed from text 191/81 Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide on Red : Blood Cells of Rats Changes in Components of Red Cell Membranes During in Vivo Exposure Res 23 to NO2 397-409 K. Kaya et al Environ Dec. 1980. 25 refs Red cell membranes prepared from red blood cells of rats dioxide exposed to 4 10 NO for 1 to 10 or 20 days ppm nitrogenexamined were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholestrol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2 By contrast protein content altered with the time of exposure Moreover changes ir protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Twenty exposure to NO at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphati- dylethanolamine LysoPE to the total phospholipics The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine PE showed a gradual 4.0 ppm NO also acid content and decrease caused an decreases A day increase in those exposure to in sialic of PE and hexose In addition to contents of these compon- ents the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 --Authors abstract reprinted by permission + 192/81 On the T.R. total and respirable Dust Sampler Report 3 Cotton Dust Sampler An Experimental K. Kimura J. Study on a Science Lab 56 687-691 Dec. 1980 Part 1 of 2 parts 4 refs Japanese The author designed and tested a method of collecting samples and weighing airborne cotton dust separated into two categories by particle size The principle and method of sampling with this sampler were described in the previous 19 March 1981 ' Volume 45 No. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST _ LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ~~ AND i: OCCUPATIONAL t .. HEALTH AND | SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC " ' 5231 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS March 1981 Volume 45 No. 3 o This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 81x -~ 325/81 a Items 6. ee ee et tt mt Coming Events 6 ee Legal Developments . - Books and Pamphlets - rr rr te +e sr srt tt +--+ str rte Ce tt a tt er ee Medicine se ee Industrial Skin Diseases and Burns a Chemical Hazards . - 6 - + - se ee rte ttt - ston tt a et tt : woe ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants se et a Physical Hazards spo ee Radiation se ee Environmental Problems . rr Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering ++ sets Engineering Occupational Health Management - - ttt ert Safety Accident Prevention 6 eee ee ert te et Analytical Methods Miscellaneous se Index eee ee rer a Addresses of Journals Abstracted ' ee ee tte Coe ee rc ttt ttt Soe . ee tt er re ee soe rr rn) 1 4 6 7 9 12 13 20 21 23 24 25 26 26 26 28 30 FEATURES Ergonomics Made to Measure Pitfalls of Spirometry * Cost of Hypertension Control at the Workplace Health Hazard Alert Pentachlorophenol Environmental Pollution by Cadmium Mortality from Renal Diseases and Human Exposures to Xylene and Acute Effects on the Kinetics Central : Nervous System Toxicology of Urea Formaldehyde and Polyurethane Foam Insulation Cancer Mortality at a Naval Nuclear Shipyard --- 1 } - Abst No. Abst No. Abst No. Abst No. Abst No. 249/81 252/81 254/81 264/81 - 265/81 ---- Abst No. Abst No. Abst No. 280/81 284/81 508/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest 1981 March ___ the risk of silicosis is very high among workers in this industry Prevention of this disease will require a concerted effort of government enforcement agencies workers and management --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 296/81 Problems Deriving from Asbestos Fibres Wetting in Textile et al Med Lavoro Industry G. 71 422-427 42 -427 Scansetti Sept 1980 15 refs Asbestos wetting with mineral to be effective in decreasing oil has been shown fibre concentration in the working environment of the textile industry In order to evaluate whether this technique is safe the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon determined PNA content of Seven PNAs were this oil was identified with HPLC the mately 50 whole ppm content of which was Since an interaction approxi- may occur between asbestos and PNAs in producing lung cancer mineral oils without PNAs should be used for this purpose --Authors summary 297/81 Deposition of Sized Glass the Respiratory Tract of the Rat et al Ann Occup Hyg 23 4 1980. 15 refs Fibres in A. Morgan 353-366 A study has been made of the regional deposition of inhaled glass fibres of discrete size in the respiratory tract tracer technique of the rat using a radioactive The samples used included four with nominal dia 1.5 ...mand lengths ranging from 5 to 60 dia 3 um and length ...m and one with nominal 10 ...m Deposition of the longer 1.5 pm dia fibres in the respiratory tract was quantitative as was that of the 3 um dia fibre Alveolar deposition was much lower than for asbestiform minerals owing to the larger aerodynamic diameters of the samples of glass fibre It appears that in the fibres are only respirable when their rat median aerodynamic diameter is less than 6 Additional information on the lobar m distribution of fibres immediately following administration is provided --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 298/81 Worker Respiratory Disease in W.M. Johnson and J.G. a Mushroom Kleyn J. Med 23 49-51 Jan. 1981 28 refs Occup A patient with by lung biopsy allergic alveolitis demonstrated is described in a mushroom worker in Washington State presenting with severe airways obstruction This is the first case of mushroom worker's lung reported in the United States outside the mushroom industry in Pennsyl- vania The processes of commercial mushroom , . growing are discussed and the literature on mushroom worker's lung is reviewed --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 299/81 Clearance by the Rat of Inhaled Fly Ash from Fluidized Coal Combustion L.C. Griffis 117-124 et al J.Toxicol 7 Jan. 1981. 14 refs Fly ash from a fluidized coal combustor activated and administered to male was Fischer 344 rats by a single exposure The activated fly only inhalation ash contained 46 and smaller amounts of other emitting radionuclides Whole clearance of radio- activity to 127 d was described by an exponential equation with the term component having a biological life of 78 High resolution gamma spectra of the lungs were obtained with a Ge detector and the relative activities of several fly ash constituents were activities of 152 134 54Mn compared and 6000 The significantly those of 46Sc decreased and 59Pe with time relative to These results indicate that the clearance of fly ash is similar to that of other relatively insoluble particles and that some elements may have been preferentially dissolved from the fly ash particles in vivo --Authors abstract reprinted by permission PHYSICAL HAZARDS - 300/81 Elements of Effective Hearing Protection J.L. Northern Plant Eng 35 203-207 Jan. 22 1981 An effective hearing protection program requires medical surveillance personal protective equip- ment administrative controls and engineering controls to provide a effective means for protecting against excessive occupational noise This comprehensive approach is compatible with long goals and includes immediate practical solutions --Condensed from text 301/81 An Earplug Insertion and Seating Device D. Ohlin et al Sound and Vibration 15 22- 25 Jan. 1981. 10 refs Recent studies have shown that insert hearing protectors may less noise attenuation provide as they significantly are used in the workplace than that measured in the laboratory Many factors that include proper fitting and insertion practices and the overall education and motivation provided by the employer are directly related to the success of conservation program Under ideal a hearing conditions 21 Industrial Hygiene Digest| March 1981 dustiness in the various workplaces were considered Some of these parameters were compared with those obtained in a previous investigation as to assess the effect several years before so at the end of the first of improvements suggested study --Authors abstract in English 320/81 Dichloromethane Levels Application et al Am of Paint Removers Ind Hyg Assn J. 1981. 4 refs in Air After R. 42 Otson 56-60 Jan. The NIOSH charcoal tube method and a glass bulb m method were used to determine gdriacbhlosraompmleitnhgane levels in the air of a room used for testing six paint removers Dichloromethane of five brush- and methanol were major components and an aerosol spray remover paint removers as on toluene and propane contained dichloromethane consituents The grab sampling method mwahjiocrh showed sampling efficiency of 95 precision of better than % and a detection limit of 0.01 was useful in determining time profiles levels in air Since home for dichloromethane standards have not been established environment and TWA 1 and 8 hr values grab sampling results with obtained by the NIOSH method were compared limits recommended by the occupational exposure NIOSH and ACGIH In a room with poor ventilation the recommended occupational health limits can easily be exceeded even with use of small quantities of paint remover --Authors abstract reprinted by permission OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT 321/81 Rating Job Hazards 56 23-26 Fall Anon J. Am Insur circuits in an electronics Inspecting integrated in one of the safest jobs plant is perhaps the 40th floor of a industry Riveting girders on Workers is one of the most dangerous skyscraper and construction in both industries -- electronics covered by a nationwide system of workers -- are benefits for injuries compensation which provides of the industry sustained on the job regardless do insurers khow or the hazards involved But how of industry where on the scale of risk each type can charge employers the right belongs so they claims If there to cover the expected premiums confusion and no uniformity to the process were solve this unfairness would result To help the property and casualty insurance problem long ago set up a unique rating system industry that enables them to for workers compensatthieoninjury risks involved in measure and insure occupation in the United States virtually every has such a refined and No other line of insurance of measuring insurance risk disciplined way has a unique blend of because because workers compensation compensation legal requirements social tive demands --Condensed objectives from text and competi- competi- SAFETY ACCIDENT PREVENTION 322/81 First Aid J. Manuel Occup Answering the Call at Health 32 573-575 Work 1980 on first aid at work The consultative document Health and Safety Executive U.K. proposes in first aid courses and recommends more changes first aiders in the training for occupational hazards of their industry The author Central Electricity Generating Board's Midland region officer describes a programme of training nursing needs of small introduced 10 years ago to meet the in an around industry working groups Introduction reprinted by permission ANALYTICAL , METHODS MISCELLANEOUS 323/81 On the Determination of Crystalline Silica in the Presence of Amorphous Silica E. Bye et al Ann Occup Hyg 23 4 329-334 1980. 4 refs diffraction The infrared spectroscopic and ray diffraction of analysing silica are compared It is techniques to the NIOSH Manual that amorphous shown contrary of silica interferes in the infrared analyses silica Accordingly it is necessary crystalline of the two by means of ray to analyse mixtures in order to obtain crystalline silica contents --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 324/81 A Routine for the Control of the Performance of Microscopists Evaluating Asbestos Fibre amples on Membrane Airborne J.R. Hoves Filters by Phase Contrast Microscopy Ann Occup Hyg 23 4 381- and R. Clayton 401 1980. 9 refs of slide circulations within a labora- By the use of sufficient density to keep tory with slides the Poisson error low and instruction as of a team of required the relative performbaenecne controlled such membrane filter counters has that 88 of results obtained for performance were within 30 of the labora- checking purposes tory mean over the period November 1977 - March obtained indicates 1980. Analysis of the results that the inherent standard deviation of the results from a counter is typically 16 The slides circulated were prepared by the acetonetriacetia mounting method There is no conclusive evidence that during the period from the data presented mentioned the slides have --Authors deteriorated abstract reprinted by permission April 1981 | ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL | _ HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE 7 INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. , Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. April 1981 Volume 45 No. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 326/81 -- 446/81 4 rR eS . Re News Items ee Coming Legal Books Events ++ Developments and Pamphlets ++ +5 nO sn sore or . - - 6 sr 6s eee et rer ee teh Coc ee ee ee ee eH te er Industrial Medicine a rsh rts ' 6+ + 6 + se Ce ee ee ee Skin Diseases and Burns 6 ee ee tt or tt Sa Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts " ee rt and Inhalants tr 6 6. tt ee er Se tt he i Physical Hazards 6 6 ee er te tt Pe Radiation eee et et tt ee Environmental Problems 2. 6 ee er he re et eh Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering + +e Safety Accident Prevention '. + 1 er ror ttt es he eres a eet tae Analytical Index 20 Methods Miscellaneous 6 6 eee ee ee ee ee eH te tt Ee a Ee et te Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . 0 ee ee ee tee ee ee es ren rn) } 7 7 9 ] 14 15 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 33 * FEATURES . Ergonomics The Mechanics of Man 2 -~ The Physiology of Work Therapeutics of Hypertension in the Work Environment Relative Importance of Cigarette Smoking , in Occupational Lung Disease Occupational Exposure to Organic Solvents and Hodgkin's Disease in Men A Case Reference Study Asbestos -- Can It Be Used Safely Effect of Task Variables and in Lifting and Lowering Their Loads Interactions Skin Eye Diseases Among Arc Welders and Those Exposed to Welding Operations e Fffective Grounding Protection Protection The key to Personnel } os -~ ----- Abst No. 364/81 Abst No. 366/81 Abst No. 367/81 Abst No. Abst No. 393/81 409/81 Abst No. 422/81 Abst No. 426/81 Abst No. 441/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest April 1981 personal history data physical examination and laboratory tests red cell and leukocyte count determination of haemoglobin packed cell volume bilirubin serum protein electrophoretic fractions pseudocholinesterase AST ALT GGT and OCT lifteen workers were found to have skin diseases -- chloracne 4 folliculitis 4 oil dermatitis 1 juvenile acne 1 and dermatitis due to irritative or allergic agents 5 Sixteen workers showed more or less pronounced hepatic involvement consisting most often of hepatomegaly with an increase in serum ALT and OCT values In two workers bleeding were discovered in one cavernous haemangiomas case associated with chronic myelocytic leukaemia All the workers with chloracne were employed on electric capacitor impregnation with was found between PCBs and chloracne no definite association and blood PCB concentra- tions Conversely a significant positive association was found between the abnormal liver findings and biood PCB concentrations particularly trichlorobiphenyl blood concentrations The abnormal hepatic findings observed are similar to those reported in experimental animals given PCBs and in some workers such findings should probably be considered as clinical signs of hepatic microsomal enzyme induction --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 405/81 Styrene Exposure in the Fiberglass Fabrication Industry in Washington State R.L. Schumacher et al Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 143-149 Feb. 1981. 17 refs A study was undertaken to identify methods used by the fiberglass fabrication industry in Washington State to reduce worker exposure to styrene vapor All plants in Washington were surveyed to deter- nine the number of employees number of exposed employees degree of exposure amount of raw material used type of engineering controls effectiveness of engineering controls and respiratory protection practices including personal protection Data were collected during through and sampling surveys to study approaches of industries of different sizes to the control of employee exposure to styrene vapor There were approximately 1000 exposed employees in 31 plants with a total employment of 4300. Most plants were involved in boat building and repair an industry with the highest exposure In 12 selected plants a total of 592 air samples was collected Approximately 40 of all samples . indicated overexposure * --Authors abstract reprinted by permission INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 406/81 Comparative Pulmonary Inhaled Inorganic Fibers with Fiberglass KIP Lee et al 167-191 Feb. 1984. 27 refs Responses to Asbestos and Environ Res 24 One group of rats hamsters and guinea pigs was exposed to amosite asbestos by inhalation of fibers of lengths greater than 3.1 x liter fiberglass at potassium octatitanate Fybex 5 um at 0.7 x liter Du Pont's registered trademark for inorganic reinforcing titanate fibers at 2.9 x liter and pigmentary potassium titanate PKT at 2.0 x liter respectively for 6 day for 3 months One group of animals exposed to air alone was used as control In addition three groups of rats hamsters and pigs guinea were exposed to Fybex at 2.9 x litez 13.5 x 1iter and 41.8 x liter respectively for 3 months One group served as control Asbestos Fybex and PKT produced essentially similar pulmonary responses but with marked differ- ences in fibrogenicity and species differences Asbestos was the most potent fibrogenic agent and was more in terms than 10 times more fibrogenic then Fybex of exposure concentration related fibrogenic activity was found in the animals exposed to Fybex PKT was the least fibrogenic and produced very minute pulmonary fibrosis in rats and hamsters but not in guinea pigs Fine fiberglass particles were not fibrogenic Rats revealed more fibrogenic pulmonary reactions than guinea pigs or hamsters A few pulmonary tumors developed in animals exposed to asbestos Fybex and fiberglass but their numbers were too small to allow any conclusions on carcinogenicity to be drawn Fybex produced mesotheliomas in a few hamsters and its possible carcinogenic potential cannot be ruled out --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 407/81 Haemodynamic Study of Pulmonary Circulation in Workers with Asbestosis with Varying Degrees of Radiological Evidence of Pneumoconiosis M. Tomasini et al Lavoro 71 1980. 8 refs Italian 513-521 Nov Pulmonary haemodynamics were studied in 16 workers with asbestosis divided into 3 classes according to the degree of radiological evidence The study consisted of microcatheterization at rest and during exercise on a cycle ergometer A pulmonary arterial hypertension was observed which was related to an increase in total pulmonary resistance and which was more evident during exercise The hypertension could be observed even in rather early stages of pneumoconoiosis and sometimes in the absence of evident alterations in lung function fy 22 Industrial Hygiene Digest _ April 1981 partially reduce the increase in both pulmonary arterial pressure and total pulmonary resistance The Authors conclude that the pathogenesis of pulmonary circulation impairment can be attributed to a perivascular fibrosis originating in the lymphatic vessels which in asbestosis is particular- ly early marked and diffuse --Authors abstract reprinted in English ' 408/81 Asbestos Fibres D. Gloag Brit Med J. 1981. 31 refs and the Environment 282 623-626 Feb. 21 The influence of fiber size and shape water food and the atmosphere and the asbestos in effects of public policy in Great Britain are discussed briefly --JFB 409/81 Asbestos D. Gloag Brit 1981. 23 refs -- Can It Be Med J. 282 Used Safely 551-553 Feb. 14 A 1977 EEC report concludes that there is suggestive evidence from the epidemiological studies for a threshold limit for asbestos exposure below which excess cancer risk is small or existent but that no adequate data to establish adds that such a limit are for mesothelioma available The report induction the relevant exposure may be impossible to estimate since the peak dust levels are probably important here However that may be for chrysotile at low levels the epidemiological data are with many other carcinogens reassuring there is no even if as threshold the diminishing probability of cancer induction must result in exceedingly small risks --Condensed from text 410/81 Fibers in Human Lung Dust Samples A Scanning Electron Microscope Study K.H. Friedrichs and H. Otto Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 150-156 Feb. 1981. 4 refs Since 1977 mesothelioma has been admitted as an occupational disease in the Federal Republic of Germany if a previous exposure to asbestos at the working place can be proven In practical work of pathologists the question arises as to how to proceed in the assessment of necropsy cases of mesothelioma if the is unknown In this patient's occupational history study 100 necropsy cases of different exposure were examined by scanning electron microscopy Concentration and length of fibers were used as criteria to distinguish between spontaneous and occupationally caused cases of mesothelioma Calculation of the counting results showed that a distinction between the two groups is reliable when fibers > 5 ...m in length are counted --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 411/81 Health Effect of Diesel Emissions A Current Status Report B. Weisenberger J. Soc Occup Med 31 4-8 Jan. 1981. 9 refs Although mutagenic activity has been identified in diesel exhaust the risk to man is yet to be determined At the present time there is no evidence to link it to any increase of cancer in man or to any adverse effect on pulmonary function Risk still remains the unanswered question --Condensed from text 412/81 Inhalation of NO2 and Blood Borne Cancer Cell Spread to the Lungs A. Richters and K. Kuraitis Feb 1981. Arch Environ 7 refs Health 36 36-39 An experimental model was designed where the frequency of borne cancer cell metastases to the lungs of animals was used as an indicator to detect adverse effects of inhaled nitrogen dioxide NO Animals were exposed to 0.40 - 0.05 ppm or 0.80 - 0.05 air ppm containing of NO2 After the appropriate exposure periods the animals were infused intravenously with B16 rouse melanoma cells At 3 wk infusion the animals were killed and the lungs were examined for melanoma nodule development The lungs of the exposed animals contained a significantly higher number of melanoma nodules than the lungs of control animals .0025 These results indicate that inhalation of ambient or near ambient levels of the metastasis of borne cancer cells NO influences This raises the possibility that similar events may occur in the human population --Authors abstract 413/81 Effects in the Rat of Irhaling Irhaling at the Nuisance Dust Level 10 mg) Health Richards et al Arch Environ PVC Dust R.J. 36 14-19 Feb 1981. 13 refs Rats inhaled a paste polymer polyvinyl chloride dust at an aerosol concentration of 10 mg for 6 day.5 days for a wk period A small number of randomly scattered lung lesions were detected at 15 wk these lesions were also present 15 wk after exposure to polyvinyl chloride had ceased Few if any biochemical changes were detected at the alveolar surface in lung tissues or other organs of polyvinyl chloride rats It is therefore concluded that at nuisance dust level exhibits a this form of polyvinyl chloride weak biological reactivity --Authors abstract polymer 23 May 1981 Volume 45 No. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST oe ABSTRACTS : ENVIRONMENTAL Ho AND , OCCUPATIONAL o.* HEALTHAND oS SAFETY NEWS' FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH .. 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. HYGIENE DIGEST May 1981 Volume 45 No. TABLE OF CONTENTS * This Issue Contains Abstract 81x -- 551/81 News Items - es ee ee ee ee ee ee ee et Coming Events 6. 6 6 6 ee Legal Developments Books and Pamphlets Industrial Medicine 2. 6 - 6 6 . 2. Skin Diseases and Burns - ee ee te ee ee 6 8 ee 6 6 6 8 He ee ee ee ee eee ee ee es see eee ee ee ee ete ee ee ee ee ee ee He ee ee ee et ee ee ees ee Chemical Hazards . . ee ee ee ee ee fe ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 2. 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Physical Hazards Radiation . 6 6 2 0 ee Be 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems " " ee eee ee he ee ew ee ee ee ee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering ' 6. 6 6 6 Occupational Health Management " 6 6 se ee ee ee ew Safety Accident Prevention ' 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 6 1 0 ee ee ee Index 6 esp ee ee ee ee et ee ee ee ee he te ee es es ee er ee ee ee ee Addresses of Journals Abstracted . 1. 6 6 ee Me ee ee ee es 1 6 7 9 11 13 14 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 . FEATURES What Does the Physician Want or Need -- from the Toxicologist Correlation of Urinary Thioethers with Chemical Exposure in a } Rubber Plant Chronic Studies in Rats Exposed to Liquid Effluent from Coal } Gasification Process Tissue Sarcomas and Exposure to Chemical Substances A CaseReferent Study A Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Miners Exposed to Diesel Exhausts Pulmonary Function Status of Workers Exposed to Hardwood or Pine Dust . Mortality Among Men Employed Between 1943 and 1947 at a UraniumProcessing Plant The Development of a Standard Method for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing to Permeation by Hazardous Liquids -7= => -- 5 Abst No. 475/81 Abst No. 490/81 Abst No. 492/81 Abst No. 495/81 Abst No. 514/81 Abst No. 518/81 Abst No. 528/81 Abst . No. 547/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest Aug. 30 - Sept. 3 QWL and the 80s An Inter- national Conference on the Quality of Working life Harbour Castle Hilton Hotel Toronto Ontario Write QWL and the 80s 262 Bloor Street West Toronto Canada M5S IP6 LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 81x Court Leaves Arsenic Standard in Effect for Year Remand Period Occup Safety & Health Reporter 10 1473-1474 April 23 1981 The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit . April 7 remanded the Occupational the inorganic arsenic standard to Safety and Health Administration for reconsideration in Court's benzene ruling light of but left the U.S. Supreme the standard in effect for the year remand period The court retained jurisdiction and asked that the amended record be resubmitted to it no later than one year from the date of this order in ASAPCO Inc. v OSHA No. 78-1959 The arsenic standard issued by OSHA in May 1978 was challenged by smelting and mining companies and by General Motors and Chrysler Corporation The current as both too strict and too costly standard for maximum worker exposure to inorganic arsenic is 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air to demonstrate Several studies presented by OSHA that serious health risk would result if the current standard were not maintained suggest caution before subjecting workers unnecessarily to risks we cannot accurately predict the court said in support of its decision to leave the standard in effect during the remand period The court also noted that it is undisputed that exposure to arsenic at 500 m-- which would be permitted if the standard were vacated -- poses a significant health risk The court rejected the arsenic producers argument that there would be no risk because of OSHA's power to promulgate emergency temporary standards under Section 6 c of the Act The findings required by that section of the law -- that employees are exposed to grave danger and that the temporary standard is necessary ~- appear to the court to be more stringent than those required by the Supreme Court in its benzene decision 8 OSHC 1586 Noting that it had previously granted partial stays of the standard's engineering and work practice controls provision to petitioners ASARCO Inc. Bunker Hill Company and Anaconda Company the court denied Kennecott Copper Corporation's request for a similar stay In contrast to the other petitioners Kennecott Copper has not made representations that it will undertake measures to protect worker health and safety pending the court said Kennecott's motion also address the firm's compliance costs the a decision failed to court noted --Condensed from text __May 1981 81x81x Asbestos Use to Employees OSHA p 3 April 8 1981 Can Result Washington in Costly Awards Regulatory Alert A group of 680 former asbestos workers at a New Jersey plant that was closed in 1973 will receive an average of 13,800 each in a ment While the amount involved 9.4 million settleis far from a record a 1978 lawsuit settlement in Texas provided for a 20 million fund for 445 asbestos workers it is a sobering reminder of the latent dangers and potential penalties that can result from the industrial use of asbestos In this connection industrial users of asbestos should be aware that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has just revised its instructions to its compliance officers for asbestos inspections These inspections are the basis for determining whether . the medical examination programs called for in OSHA's asbestos standard must bc initiated The main effect of OSHA's actions will be to permit inspectors to issue violation citations even when the use of asbestos has been discontinued within the past six months Inspectors are now instructed that citations for serious violations of the standard -~ exposure of one or more workers to 0.1 asbestos fibers per cubic centimeter of air and no existing medical exam -- program can be issued on the basis of largely circumstantial evidence of past practices In other words companies that have discontinued the use of asbestos may now be cited for violation of the OSHA standard on the basis of evidence that they violated the standard in the past It isn't clear how such a citation might be contested by a company that was never previously inspected for asbestos use --Condensed from text 81x Was Off Premises Injury Compensable Occup Hazards 43 124 126-127 April 1981 Travel to and from his construction current site tacked 20 miles on company's Gnewuch's odometer each day In order to reach the remote site Gnewuch turned sole access route a off the main highway onto the rural road which intersected with a railroad crossing While driving home from work one day Gnewuch failed to beat an oncoming train over the crossing The train smashed into his car and injured Gnewuch When his employer contested Gnewuch's claim for workers compensation benefits the case was brought before the Virginia Industrial Commission At the hearing before the Commission Gnewuch's employer contended that the claim should be rejected since Gnewuch's accident had occurred after working hours and outside the workplace Gnewuch stated that the car accident had been related arguing that since there was only one road leading out of the workplace his drive home on that road should be considered part of the collision with the train his was job Therefore a related accident and the resulting injury was compensable 7 Industrial Hygiene Digest microsomal metabolism of biphenyl benzo a pyrene androstene and androstane 178diol in combination with sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that - hexane was without effect on rat liver microsomal cytochrome 450 and that methyl ethyl ketone and methylchoroform depressed the formation of two metabolites of androstenedione but did not alter the concentration of cytochrome 450 under the experimental conditions used Xylene was shown to be a phenobarbital inducer of rat liver microsomal cytochrome 450 --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 515/81 The Dust of Synthetic Polymers as a Harmful Occupational Allergenic Factor A.P. Martynova et al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 2 20-23 1981. 7 refs Russian Hygienic clinical and experimental studies that revealed associated hazards of dust from synthetic polymeric materials in industries involving mechanical treatment of these materials are described These hazards are due to the allergenic activity of molecular mass ingredients and to accessory substances which are used in the manufacture of polymers and which have sensitizing properties --Authors abstract in English INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 513/81 Human Response to Controlled Levels of Combinations of Sulfur Dioxide and Inert Dust I. Andersen et al Scand J. Work Environ Health 7 1-7 March 1981. 14 refs Under controlled conditions in an environmental chamber 16 healthy young volunteers were exposed to combinations of sulfur dioxide 502 2.6 or 13 mand inert plastic dust 2 or 10 m or of S02 13 mand dust 10 mcoated with vanadium During periods in clean air and during exposures of h duration nasal mucus , flow rate nasal airflow resistance forced vital capacity and subjective discomfort were measured Reductions in nasal mucus flow rate forced expiratory flow FEF25-75 and discom- fort were related principally to the S02 con- centration The combined effects of SO2 and dust were at the most additive and there was no indication of potentiation effects No ef- fect could be attributed to the coating of the dust with vanadium --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 514/81 A Study of Chromosomal Aberrations in Miners Exposed to Diesel Exhausts I. Nordenson et al Scand J. Work Environ Health 7 14-17 March 1981. 7 refs A study was made of chromosomal aberrations in cultured lymphocytes from a group of 14 miners exposed to diesel exhausts and a reference group of office employees and construction workers No increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed The frequency of chromosomal aberrations both gaps and breaks was however found to be associated with smoking --Authors abstract reprinted . by permission 516/81 Use of a Fluorescent Tracer Technique to Study the Botanical Trash Composition of Cotton Dust Hyg Assn J. P.R. 42 Morey et al Am Ind 239-242 March 1981. 10 refs Fluorescently dyed leaf trash of known particle size distribution 66...mwas prepared and blended into raw cotton which was subsequently processed in a model cardroom The XN of the added leaf tracer collected in undercard and Pneumafil filter wastes was reduced to 64 and 54 m respectively The XN of vertically elutriated leaf tracer was somewhat less 3.8 ...m than the XN 4.4 m of a small number of potentially respirable particles present in the raw leaf tracer The fluorescent tracer technique as applied to carding offers a direct means of comparing the friability of the different botanical trash components found in raw cotton --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 3 517/81 Asbestosis and Its Prevention F.M. Kogan Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 2 5-10 1981 57 refs Russian Data published in the USSR and elsewhere regarding the risk of asbestosis development among workers in asbestos factories and among those exposed to asbestos in various industries are reviewed including studies devoted to the clinical features course roentgen appearances and functional diagnosis of asbestosis with particular emphasis on asbestosis complicated by malignant neoplasms and on the possible mechanisms of fibrogenic and carcinogenic actions of asbestos The main methods of preventing harmful effects of asbestos are reviewed --Authors abstract in English 518/81 Pulmonary Function Status of Workers Exposed to Hardwood or Pine Dust L.W. Whitehead et al Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 42 178-186 March 1981. 28 refs Wood dusts may have substantial health impacts beyond those of nuisance dust This project reports results linking pulmonary function change a 19 June 1981 Volume 45 No. 6 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST - LITERATURE ABSTRACTS . > ENVIRONMENTAL AND So? OCCUPATIONAL - HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. TABLE OF CONTENTS June 1981 Volume 45 No. 6 This Issue Contains Abstract Numbers 552x ~- 658/81 News Items . 2. . 1. Coming Events . Legal Books Developments ...4... and Pamphlets .. , Industrial Medicine ...,, Chemical Hazards 2... Industrial Dusts and Inhalants Physical Hazards Cr ee) a Radiation ......048,4 Cr a Environmental Problems , es Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering Occupational Health Management ......, Safety Accident Prevention ......, Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ... . Index 2... ee et te Addresses of Journals Abstracted ... . . 1567 1567 15 20 20 20 22 23 25 27 29 FEATURES The Physiological Responses While Using a Demand of Mild Pulmonary Impaired Respirator During Rest and Subjects Work Arsenic Metabolites in Hair Blood and Urine in Workers Exposed to Arsenic Trioxide The Control of Lead Cost Benefit Analysis Biochemical and Hematological Evaluation of Chloroprene Workers Exposure of Motor A Historical Vehicle Examiners Carbon Monoxide Prospective Mortality Study A Follow Study of the Grain Elevator Workers in the Port of Vancouver Optical Radiation Levels Produced by Single Direct Arc Furnaces Measuring Air Quality Levels Inexpensively at Multiple Locations by Random Sampling Abst No. 576/81 Abst Nc 593/81 Abst 597/81 Abst No. 602/81 Abst 609/81 Abst No. 620/81 Abst No. 626/81 Abst No. 631/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest June 1981 intratracheal instillation of quartz dust and then declined to a lower but still enhanced level after 1 week Increased LDH activity persisted in lavage fluid alveolar macrophages and lung homogenates for at least 2 months fol- lowing administration of quartz Plasma LDB activity was not affected however During the acute phase of the pulmonary response the extracellular LDH activity in the airways was wellcorrelated with the number of polymorphonuclear leucocytes recovered by lavage The response of . the rat lung to quartz has been shown to be much more complex than indicated by in vitro studies and in particular alveolar to be much more resistant to macrophages appear the cytotoxic ef- fects of quartz in vivo than in vitro The system described may give more reliable informa- tion on the cytotoxicity of dusts than any of the and fibrogenic potential in vitro test systems presently available --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 622/81 Sister Effect of Chrysotile Asbestos Chromatid Exchanges in Chinese AP on Hamster Ovary Cells K.A. Babu et al Environ Res 24 325-329 Apr. 1981. 18 refs In vitro effect of an Indian variety of chrysotile asbestos from Andhra Pradesh AP is evaluated using sister chromatid exchanges SCEs in Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells Cultures were treated for 24 hr with different concentrations of asbestos fibers i.e. 0.1 1 10 and 100 pg of medium Sister chromatid exchanges were elevated even with the lowest concentration used However the linear relationship between SCES and asbestos concentration is not seen --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 81x The Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage Evaluation Materials and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell for of the Toxicity of Particulate 1. Model Compounds and Coated Fly Ash Res 24 N.E. Garrett 345-365 Apr. et al 1981. Environ 46 refs Data are presented which detail the effects of model particulate compounds and fly ash particles on rabbit alveolar macrophage RAM and Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells Silica silicic acid titanium dioxide and fractionated 0-2 25 and 5-8 ...m fly ash particles with and without coatings of nickel lead or cadmium oxides were the experimental particles Silica was the most toxic particle studied Cell viability in the RAM assay and colony survival in and the ATP CHO assay showed an almost identical response to silica ticles and silicic acid Titanium dioxide par- were relatively inert in the RAM and CHO systems although a pronounced loss of ATP was observed in cells exposed in serum medium Uncoated fly ash was relatively nontoxic in the 19 RAM system when assayed by measurement of cell number and viability ATP and total protein However toxicity of the uncoated particles was demonstrated in the CHO clonal assay The number of colonies formed at 1000 ml particulate was reduced to 10.6 28.5 and 82.2 of the control for the 0 to 2- 2 to 5- and 5 to um size ranges Nickel coated fly ash was more cytotoxic than the uncoated particles in both the RAM and CHO cell systems Toxicity of NiO was similar to that obtained for the coated fly ash although the weight percentage of NiO in the ash was only % suggesting that the particles enhanced toxicity The lead coated fly ash was even more toxic than the nickel particles these particles were used to explore the effect of serum concentration on toxic responses Cellular ATP was strongly affected in macrophages exposed in serum media and treated with PbO- coated fly ash ATP ranged from 20 to 200 times less than that for the corresponding uncoated fly ash or untreated control Nickel and lead did not dissociate from the fly ashes into the bio logical media However cadmium was rapidly released from the cadmium coated fly ash and provided an excellent model for study of the dissociation of toxic compounds from particle cultures Cell numbers were unaltered after treatment with previously for the coated fly ash as reported soluble cadmium The coated fly ash was considerably more toxic than would have been predicted on the basis of the amount of soluble cadmium indicating that released into the medium also the association of the metal oxide with the fly ash enhanced toxicity --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 81x The Utilization of the Rabbit Alveolar Macrophage Evaluation Materials and Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell for of the Toxicity of Particulate 11. Particles from Related Processes N.E. Garett et al Environ Res 24 366-376 Apr. 1981. 17 refs Rabbit alveolar macrophage RAM and Chinese hamster ovary CHO cells were used in in vitro tests to evaluate the toxicity of effluents from coal gasification combustion and conventional coal particulate fluidized combustion Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of nine samples from coal related processes showed that the sensitivity of substantially when the the RAM assay was improved test was conducted in serum media A linear relationship was observed between percentage cell viability and ATP level in the particle cultures In the was RAM assay without serum the slope of the 1.0 which provided strong evidence that line the mechanism of toxicity was similar in reducing cell viability and ATP The cytotoxicity of the related particles in the CHO clonal assay showed that the system was approximately equiva- lent to the RAM assay without serum Conven- tional coal combustion fly ash -3 pm was the Industrial Hygiene Digest . doing specific work and requiring reasonable accommodations in order to perform it effec- tively --Condensed from text 653/81 For Work Deaths Safety News 1980 Preliminary Accident Report Decreased A.F. Hoskin Natl 123 69-70 Apr. 1981 There dents were about in 1980 a 13,000 deaths from work acci- two percent decrease from the figure recorded for 1979. Of the eight principal industrial groups one showed an increase three showed decreases and the remaining four showed no change in deaths from 1979. The death totals for 1980 were Trade 1,400 Service 1,800 Manufacturing Government 1,700 1,700 Transportation and public utilities Construction 1,500 2,400 Mining and quarrying 500 Agriculture 2,000 Disabling injuries totaled about 2,200,000 in 1980 and permanent impairment cases numbered approximately 80,000 Incidence rates cannot be computed at this time on a national scale but preliminary information indicates that the all- industry incidence rate probably showed a small decrease in 1980 --Author's abstract reprinted 654/81 Systems Safety A Perspective R.L. Browning Prof. Safety 26 15-19 March 1981 .a The author discusses the premises objectives and techniques of systems safety analysis The systems safety of the sixties and the traditional discipline together with the prospects and potentials for systems safety in the eight- ies are addressed --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 655/81 Hazard Control System Reliability Evaluation J.H. Capps 26 March 1981. 13 refs Prof. Safety 26 20- : A thorough consistent conceptual base has not been developed to guide efforts and to facilitate hazard control technology This article develops such a conceptual base in the hope that others will help in its development to suggest improvements to simplify concepts most important to help develop a consensus that a conceptual base is needed --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 656/81 A Safety Program with aBite J.L. Wright Natl Safety News 123 64-67 Apr. 1981 10 refs An effective safety program cannot be casual if it is to work year in and year out Participants must be assigned very specific responsibilities and must be assisted in upgrading their performance Finally performance must be measured in a recognizable manner Chalmers Corporation's Engine Division developed a program that includes these three elements The program is described --Condensed from text ANALYTICAL METHODS MISCELLANEOUS 657/81 The Dimensions of Airborne Asbestos Fibres Crocidolite Province South Africa from Kuruman Area Cape C.Y. Hwang and G.W. Gibbs Ann Occup Hyg 24 23-41 1981 36 refs The dimensions of airborne fibres collected at an underground mine and two mills producing crocidolite in the Kuruman area of Cape Province South Africa and those collected at a plant manufacturing pipes in South Africa using Cape crocidolite and chrysotile asbestos are reported The measurements were made using a transmission electron microscope a scanning electron micro- scope and a light optical microscope There was no apparent changes in diameter with stage of processing although in certain processes such as cutting asbestos cement pipe the presence of chrysotile fibres altered the size distribution markedly However there was some change in length with stage of processing The finding that the observed diameter distributions in airborne samples in this study are similar to those previously reported in the lungs of workers exposed to Cape crocidolite may indicate that if diameter is the important parameter in relation to health effects the hazard associated with exposure to Cape crocidolite should dose for dose be similar for all stages of processing The proportion of long fibres in the air has been found large their to be very numbers of small and observations on very fibres are necessary to confirm presence -Authors abstract reprinted by permission ~ July 1981 Volume 45 No. 7 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE = ABSTRACTS - ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL - _ HEALTH AND so SAFETY NEWS * INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE - PITTSBURGH PA 15232 ' INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Jean L. Collins B.A. Abstractor July 1981 Volume 45 No. 7 e TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue . Contains . Abstracts 81x www 761/81 News Items 2. 6 ee ee ee Coming Events . - 2-6 6 ee ee ee ee ee es Legal Developments . 5 6 ee 8 ee ee te ee ne Books and Pamphlets 6 6 6 ee 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Industrial Medicine Chemical Hazards . oe 6-6 6 ee te 0 6 eee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants + ee ee et ee ee ee we ee ee Physical Hazards 16 ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems . . 6-6 6 4 eee ee gee ee ee ee ee ee he Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . - - + e+ re ee ee ee eee hs : Safety Accident Prevention 6 6 6 Analytical Methods Miscellaneous eee 1 6 pe ee ee 6 ee ee ee ee es ee ee ee ee Index 6 ee ek Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . - - 5 6 ee ew ee ee ee ee ee ee es 1 4 6 7 9 11 17 19 20 20 22 23 25 27 FEATURES The Health of Welders in Naval Dockyards The Work Situation and Sickness Absence Patterns Cancer Morbidity Among Men Exposed to Oil Mist in the Metal Industry . . Lung Cancer in Ferrous Foundry Workers A Review Assessment of Renal Function of Workers Simultaneously Exposed to Inorganic Lead and Cadmium Endocrinologic Studies in Men Exposed Occupationally to Carbon Disulfide Objective Pathological Diagnosis of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis . Effects in of Inhaled Rats Diesel Emissions and Coal Dust How Do You Know Your Hazard Control Program is Effective } i -- -- wolf -~ -1 Abst No. 682/81 Abst No. 685/81 Abst No. 689/81 Abst No. 703/81 Abst No. 708/81 Abst No. 726/81 Abst No. 729/81 Abst No. 745/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest July 1981 the inhaled air The rate of CO uptake or elimination is dependent upon the concentration of CO in the air as well as pulmonary diffusion capacity and alveolar ventilation which change with dif- ferent metabolic rates Coburn Forster and Kane CFK developed a mathematical model to describe the uptake and elimination kinetics of CO in sedentary individuals The CFK model was used in a mathematical simulation of CO uptake and elimi- nation where the independent variables were haled CO concentration and metabolic rate inThe metabolic diffusing the level rate was used to specify pulmonary capacity and alveolar ventilation As of COHb increased the metabolic rate was decreased to a level compatible with the impaired oxygen transport A physical fatigue limit was also included The theoretical model was used to simulate conditions beyond the permissible under experimental range of exposures laboratory condi- tions --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 726/81 Objective Pathological Diagnosis of Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis C. R. Fisher et al J. Am Med Assn 245 1829-1834 May 8 1981 28 refsrefs Pertinent pathological features of lungs obtained at autopsies from 99 coal miners were compared with those observed in the lungs of 268 male town dwellers of comparable age who were not occupa- tionally related to the coal mining or other industries at risk for development of pneumoco- niosis position The and degree of anthracotic pigment severity of type of pigmented delesion with its accompanying reticulum fiber formation and fibrosis were significantly greater in lungs of miners There was a high degree of overlap in degrees of pigment deposition particularly those quantitated regarded as as grades 1 types 1 and and 2. 2 and in lesions The greatest diver- gence was observed for prevalence of nodular pulmonary lesions type considerable divergence 4 There was also a in the type 3 alteration characterized by nonnodular aggregates of carbon- laden macrophages accompanied by minimal reactive fibrosis It appears that an objective patho- logical diagnosis of coal workers pneumoconiosis CWP can be rendered only by the demonstration of type 4 lesions Approximately 25 of coal miners exhibited unequivocal features of CWP No signifi- cant differences concerning incidence or types of emphysema or frequency of chronic cor pulmonale were encountered between the two populations --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 727/81 Serum Protein Concentrations and Res- piratory Tract Abnormalities Following Short- Tern Exposure To Amosite A Comparison Between Workers and Unexposed Controls , Former Asbestos 1. R. Nash et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 7 733-744 May 1981 29 refs A group of 176 former asbestos workers and 76 unexposed controls of similar age were evaluated and compared for concentrations of serum immuno- globulins -antitrypsin carcinoembryonic antigen CEA pulmonary function radiographic appearance of the lungs rales cellular atypia and ferruginous bodies in sputum and smoking e habits Test subjects were evaluated as a single group and asbestos also according Both test and to years of exposure to control populations were independently subjected to parametric and nonparametric correlation analyses Partial cor- relations were also determined for both groups after controlling for age race sex and smoking habits Analysis of variance was used to compare test and control groups Smoking particularly heavy smoking was an important variable influencing abnormalities of the respiratory tract and CEA in trols former asbestos workers but not in conExcept for immunoglobulin A IgA serum proteins CEA and -antitrypsin nificantly different between test were not sigand control subjects Analysis of variance nificant increases between test revealed sigand control groups for cellular atypia ray abnormalities rales and pulmonary restriction Partial correlation analysis for the asbestos group revealed important correlations between ferruginous bodies in sputum rales and radio- graphic appearance of the lungs --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 728/81 Exposure to Chrysotile Asbestos in Friction Materials Industry G. Scansetti et al Med Lavoro 72 46-51 Jan./Feb 1981 10 refs Cases of asbestosis are frequently observed in friction materials industry although only chrys- otile is used in such manufacturing processes The results of two subsequent surveys carried our in 1977 and 1979 in a large factory are reported To determine fibre concentration samples were taken by membrane filter and counting was per- formed by phase contrast microscopy 450 X 13.5 of samples exceeded 2 ec in 1977 as com- pared to 1.35 in 1979. The improvements derived by machinery enclosure automation of bag opening enlargement of ventilation systems and use of ready batches of asbestos As it was to be expected the best results are obtained in final stages of the manufacture --Authors summary 729/81 Effects of Coal Dust in Rats Ind Hyg Assn J. refs Inhaled Diesel Emissions and M. T. Karagianes et al Am 42 382-391 May 1981 21 Rats were exposed to coal dust and diesel exhaust cmissions separately and in combination for 20 months to evaluate the potential health effects of these specific mine air exhaust was produced by materials The diesel an engine operated in a 18 _ August 1981 -Volume 45 No. 8 ~ > ~. LITERATURE ABSTRACTS . > ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning August 1981 Volume 45 No. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 81x -- 891/81 News Items - 1. 2... 2... ee eee Coming Events ........ Legal Developments 2.1 6 ee Books and Pamphlets . 1. . 1. Industrial Medicine 2... ee we ee ee ee 1.6 2. ee eee eh ee ew ee ee ee Skin Diseases and Burns .-. - 2. 6 ee ep pe ee ee Chemical Hazards . 1 1 5 ew ee ee et ee we eh ee Industrial Dusts and Physical Hazards . Radiation . . + + + Inhalants - .... . 4 se ee a ry pt he ee ee ek ee hh he Environmental Problems ...,..... , Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering ....., Occupational Health Management .... . Safety Accident Prevention oe Analytical Methods Miscellaneous . .... . 4 Index .. .. we ee ee . Addresses of Journals Abstracted . . 1... 2 1 ee ee . ] 7 8 10 12 15 16 : 20 23 . 25 : 26 27 28 29 . 30 31 34 FEATURES Assessment of Risk by Biological Monitoring Allergic Contact Dermatitis From Carbonless Copy Paper Health of Workmen in the Producing Industry in Britian Clinical Laboratory Results of Vanadium Workers Semen Quality in Workers Exposed to Carbon Disulfide Compared to a Control Group from the Same Plant e Mortality and Industrial Hygiene Study to Polychlorinated Biphenyls of Workers Exposed . . Pleural Plaques and Cigarette Smoking in Asbestos Workers Coal Workers Pneumoconiosis and the Compensation Dilemma Abst No. 811/81 Abst 815/81 Abst No. 820/81 Abst No. 826/81 Abst No. 830/81 Abst No. 835/81 Abst 839/81 Abst 842/81 August 1981 Volume 45 Number 8 Industrial Health Foundation 523 Centre Avenue Inc. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 15232 INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST NEWS ITEMS 762 Occupational Exposure to Lead New Trigger Levels for Medical Removal Protection Denial of Petitions for Stays Notice of Variance Applications Interim Orders Occupational Safety and Health Administration Fed Reg 46 3789137895 July 23 1981 Actions Denial of petitions and notice of variance applications and interim orders OSHA hereby denies petitions by the primary and secondary lead smelting industries for year industry stays of the new trigger levels for medical removal protection MRP under the lead standard 29 CFR 1910.1025 The new triggers thus will take effect for lead smelters on July 21 1981. OSHA also hereby denies the lead battery manufacturers petition for reconsideration of OSHA's earlier denial of its request for an industry stay are taken because data submitted by These actions industry were insufficient to justify granting industrywide stays The data did however show serious and potentially serious problems of compliance. with the new triggers in certain smelting and battery manufacturing plants As a result conditioned upon OSHA receiving by August 3 1981 for each such plant a variance applica- tion certification of notice to affected employees and written acceptance of the requirements of the Order the Agency is granting interim orders under section b 6 A of the OSHA Act to those lead smelting and battery manufacturing plants that have supplied data sufficient to establish the need for relief The interim orders relieve those facilities from having to comply with the 60/40 removal return triggers but obligate them to comply with the 70/50 triggers all other provisions of the lead standard and certain other requirements set out in the Interim Order OSHA also invites other cligible lead smolting and battery manufacturing plants including but have not been those that granted an have submitted data Interim Order via this notice if they choose to apply individu- ally for temporary variances Finally OSHA requests every applicant to submit particular data needed by the Agency to determine whether to issuc a temporary variance and invites public comment on the variance requests Dates The effective date of the new trigger levels 29 CFR 1910.1025 originally published on Novem- ber 14 1978 at 43 secondary smelters FR 53007 for primary is July 21 1981 and --Summary 81x Shifted Millar Named to to Atlanta Job 11 101 June 30 1981 Head NIOSH as Agency is Safety & Health Report Dr. J. Donald Millar will be the new director of the National Institute for Health effective in July Occupational Safety and it was announced June 23 by Dr. Edward N. Brandt assistant for health and acting surgeon general secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services The agency also announced that all NIOSH personnel in the Washington area will be transferred to offices in Atlanta and Cincinnati Approximately 175 mostly unhappy persons will be involved in the NIOSH move There are approximately 55 persons in the division of criteria documents who will be sent to Cincinnati and another 120 scht to Atlanta These include the office of the director adminis- trative management legislation information and grants and contracts offices NIOSH sources told HR that the move was an attempt to bury NIOSH within the Centers for Disease Control and dilete its power although the official reason for the move was to permit greater administrative efficiency Coincidentally or not Millar had been offered the NIOSH post in 1978 but had turned it down because he did not want to move from Atlanta where he has been since 1961. Millar currently heads the Center for Environmental Health at CDC and was the acting director of NIOSH briefly in 1977-78 NIOSH staffers in Rockville MD a Washington suburb are attempting to stop the move with writing campaigns to the governor senators and representatives in Maryland and to newspapers in Washington Atlanta and Cincinnati --Condensed from Text 81x Asbestos Standard Requires Monitoring Medical Exams Commission Rules Occup Health & Safety Letter 11 8 July 8 1981 The Occupational Safety & Health Review Commission has ruled that the asbestos standard requires periodic employer medical examinations and regular workplace monitoring in any place wherein workers are exposed asbestos The case to measurable concentrations of involved a Russelville Ark nuclear power plant which was inspected by OSHA in 1974 at its construction site Cottrell in its construction of cooling towers at the site used sheets consisting of 25 to 30 percent asbestos to cool the water heated for steam production After inspecting the site while workers installed Industrial Hygiene Digest the sheeting OSHA charged in a serious citation that Research failed to monitor the site to determine if asbestos exposure was within the limits set by the standard The citation also included a charge that the company had not provided medical examinations or made them available to its employees working with the asbestos sheeting as required by the cited standard Cottrell replied that because previous monitoring at other company locations found asbestos concentrations below limits specified in the standard it need not monitor the Russellville site In rejecting this the Commission said that the levels of airborne asbestos must be determined on a site basis The provisions of the asbestos standard apply whenever employees are exposed to asbestos in measurable concentration airborne Research- Cottrell also argued that the medical examiniations would impose substantial economic burden with ' negligible reiterated worker health that although value The an employer Commission may defend against a citation by demonstrating that compliance is impossible an employer's claim that compliance would be expensive or economically burdensome is not relevant to an employer's obligation to comply except where feasibility is specifically mentioned in the standard which the asbestos standard does not --Text reprinted 81x Genetics Advance Bouys Hopes For Use on Hazardous Wastes R. Lowenstein Wall Street J. 198 29 July 17 1981 One way to eliminate industrial pollutants is to create bugs that feed on them So says Ananda Chakrabarty a genetic engineering specialist at the University of Illinois in Chicago While working for General Electric Co. in the 1970's for instance he developed a microbe that eats its way through crude oil and has the potential to clean up oil spills Last month Mr. Chakrabarty and his team of Illinois researchers put the finishing touches on a new microbe that feeds on a principal component of Agent Orange the herbicide C.S. troops used to defoliate Vietnamese villages Mr. Chakrabarty's work puts him at the forefront of genetic engineers designing microbes to clean up spilled chemicals treat industrial wastes at the source and perhaps remove the danger from herbicides In the future Mr. Chakrabarty says instead of banning chemicals or chemical operations we'll be able to develop our own antidotes His latest creation developed over two years 16 a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia bacteria that isn't normally found in nature The bacteria eats itself a herbicide and a component of Agent Orange if it were candy Drop a little of Mr. Chakrabarty's genetically altered bug into a beaker with 2,4,5 and the herbicide decomposes into water and carbon dioxide Natural microbes do that only over very long periods which is the reason 2,4,5 rema in fields and ponds for months after a spraying Scientists differ as to whether 2,4,5-1 itself is toxic they agree however that the dioxin found in it is deadly Mr. August 1981 Chakrabarty his microbe T. Even if says his next step is decomposes the dioxin it doesn't he thinks to see whether as well as 2,4,5spraying the microbe on contaminated areas would wipe out the persistent 2,4,5 before it could produce more dioxin phenomenon that he says occurs at high temperatures He's done two things says David Watkins of EPA's industrial pollution control division in Cincinnati He created an organis that will get rid of 2,4,5 and he's developed a technique that could be applied to other potential environmental problems I'm optimistic that in few years genetic engineering will make organisms do things they don't usually do including treat- ing industrial wastes says David f Gibson professor of microbiology at the University of Texas at Austin Of course we still don't know if organisms like the one developed by Mr. Chakrabarty will survive in competition with other organisms when they're taken outside the lab A potential hurdle says Mr. Watkins of the EPA is the political fear that we have created some kind of monster He isn't worried about possible side effects and notes that the University of Illinois team used only mechanisms that nature could have performed under the right circumstances And Mr. Watkins says that the new bug's diet is also unknown We don't know what else it could eat --Condensed from text 81x Asbestos Safety & Variety of Problems Hurt Encapsulation May Stall Health Report 11 90 Usability of EPA Rule Job June 16 1981 Contrary to hopes and expectations of school districts in the U.S. encapsulation of friable asbestos fibers has only a limited value at present and the method is not a practical option for con- taining containing materials in schools or office buildings that have considerable traffic The dismaying news became apparent June 8-9 at an Environmental Protection Agency conference on asbestos encapsulants where talks by asbestos researchers frequently highlighted the weaknesses of encapsulation The news is particulary bad for school staff and maintenance workers because they had looked to encapsulation as a relatively cheap and effective method of containing the dangerous fibers Encapsulation is cheap to use but as the conference pointed out it not only has limited uses but can also make an asbestos problem worse once the sealant material is applied and then damaged However EPA officials and several seal- ant manufacturers agreed that the encapsulants can work but that more market research and development is required to improve its reliability In general manufacturers pointed out that it is critical to test various sealant mixtures against different asbestos materials Some will work on certain materials while they may not work on others Manufacturers said that their products work but that many installers do cations and incorrectly not follow product specifiapply the sealants --Text reprinted Industrial Hygiene Digest 81x Rajhans Asbestos and J. L. Sampling and Analysis G. Sullivan Available from S. , Ann Arbor Science Publishers Inc. 230 Collingwood P.O. Box 1425 Ann Arbor Michigan 48106. 266 p 1981 Price 37.50 Of all of the problems encountered by industrial hygienists and others concerned with workplace health asbestos must surely be among the most difficult It is almost impossible at present to decide what a safe concentration is if such a figure exists or to unravel current controversies on the mechanisms responsible for its effects To be sure a veritable mountain of literature much of it very recent exists Many alternative techniques for the identification of asbestos varieties and airborne fibers have been suggested in the literature For specialists these re- . ports are extremely useful but the average industrial hygienist and associated workers are often unfamiliar with the basic principles of alternative techniques and may not have ready access to the vast quantity of available litera- ture needed For this reason the authors have tried to assemble a representative cross section of current information on the more important methods of asbestos identification and sample evaluation In doing so they have described methods now in every use as well as those : with which most industrial hygienists and in- dustrial health workers will not be as well , acquainted Accordingly some explanations of the basics of the techniques employed also have been included Clearly there is a limit to the extent that this can be done It is not pos- sible nor is it necessary to describe in their entirety the scientific principles involved What the authors have tried to do is to present enough information for the average industrial hygienist to begitno understand and use methods such as ray diffraction and electron micro- scopy In no way is the book written for the specialists in the individual fields However if any such are confronted with questions of asbestos evaluation for the first time the book should be helpful Certainly the last words on the subject have not been written Asbestos analysis and evaluation as well as interpretation of results are difficult subjects even for experts At best the currently techniques or methods involve uncertainties and at worst they can be misleading Unfortunately the other available methods though they may be more positive are unfamiliar to most people in industrial hygiene They are also consuming and expensive Nevertheless if more satisfactory approaches are to be developed some of the less familiar methods will need to become better known --Condensed from Preface 11 81x Quantitative Industrial Hygiene H. J. Beaulieu and R. M. Buchan Available from Garland STPM Press 136 Madison Avenue New York N.Y. 10016. 157 p 1981 Price 17.50 To perform a competent environmental evaluation the field industrial hygienist must be extremely knowledgeable about his equipment This laboratory guide was developed to help introduce critical procedures and equipment to students and professional hygienists in a logical organized and meaningful way Enough information about every subject is provided to enable the reader to understand the importance of each testing or analysis procedure and to perform them successfully In addition each procedure contains pertinent reference material equipment lists and addresses of equipment suppliers In addition to its importance as a valuable reference tool Quantative Industrial Hygiene complements available oriented textbooks and is an ideal lab book for all industrial hygiene courses Exercises Calibration of the Wet Test Meter Calibration of the Totameter and Critical Orifice with the Wet Test Meter and the Bubble Burette Particulate Sampling by Membrane Filtration for Microscopic Counting Calibration of the Porton Graticule in a microscope and Size Counting Particulates Mass Respirable and Total Mass Sampling for Particulates Gas and Vapor Sampling and Analysis Evaluation of Local Exhaust Ventilation Systems Heat Stress Evaluations Noise Evaluations Illumination Evaluations Microwave Evaluations Conducting a Preliminary Industrial Hygiene Survey Respiratory Protection --Publisher's release 81x NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 35 Ethylene Oxide ETO Evidence of Carcinogenicity National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Available from Publications Dissemina- tion Ohio NIOSH 45226. 4676 Columbia DHHS NIOSH Parkway Cincinnati Publication No. 81- 130. 21 charge p 1981 Single copies Include a addressed available at no label with your request The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NIOSH recommends that ethylene oxidce be regarded in the workplace as a occupational carcinogen and that controls be used to reduce worker potential appropriate exposure These recommendations are based primarily on an sponsored ethylene oxide was leukemia in female study demonstrating that associated with increases in rats and peritoneal mesothe liomas malignant tumors in male rats There has been widespread recognition of the mutagenic potential of demonstrates ethylene oxide and recent evidence adverse reproductive effects in mammals which also are of public health concern In addition limited epidemiologic investigations at two worksites provide evidence that excess risk of cancer mortality may ylene oxide workers studied exist Some for the workers eth- are on occasion exposed to relatively high concentrations Industrial Hygiene Digest mortality elevated due to cirrhosis of the liver was also The results of detailed industrial hygiene surveys presented conducted in each plant are also --Authors abstract 836/81 Paraquat Poisoning and Kidney Function Tests D. B. Webb and C. G. Davies Lancet 1 1424 June 27 1981 Publications on paraquat poisoning are now emphasising the renal handling of this compound Paraquat is renally excreted and renal failure will promote sustained tissue levels and thus encourage pul- monary uptake Paraquat is an organic base and the existence of active secretion by organic base transport is supported by other organic bases which infusion studies inhibit paraquat with . secre- tion The degree to which paraquat clearance will exceed glomerular filtration rate expressed as creatinine clearance must be interpreted with caution however --Condensed from text INDUSTRIAL DUSTS & INHALANTS 837/81 Consideration of the Aerodynamic Equivalent Diameter of Respirable Mineral Fibers P. GrossEquivalent Am Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 449-452 June 1981 3 refs By means of data derived from the work of others the relation of the diameter and length of a fiber to its aerodynamic equivalent diameter is portrayed graphically Similarly graphical representations of the relationship of fiber diameter and length to alveolar deposition are constructed and discussed --Author's abstract by permission reprinted 838/81 Fiber Toxicology J. P. Leineweber J. , Occup Med 23 431-434 June 1981 17 refs It is how a beyond our normal experience to comprehend very durable reactive material such as asbestos can play a role in the complex biological process that leads to malignant growth The objectives of this discussion are to show that the factors involved determinants and can be reduced to three major to consider how these determin- ants can be used to evaluate the possible risk associated with occupational exposure to a wide variety of fibrous materials both natural and made Our current knowledge regarding asbesrelated diseases has been derived from both epidemiological and animal studies limited areas confirmatory evidence obtained from vitro cell culture In certain has been studies All of this information indicates that the important determinants for the biological activity and therefore the producing potential of August 1981 fibers are the dimensions and the durability of the System of the fibers fibers the dose in the biological --Condensed from text 839/81 Pleural Plaques and Cigarette Smoking in Asbestos Workers W. Weiss et al J. Occup Med 23 427-430 June 1981 11 refs In a survey of 45 men aged 40 or over who had worked five years or more in an asbestos manufacturing plant the prevalence of pleural plaques was studied with respect to age duration of asbestos exposure estimated cumulative asbestos dose and smoking habit Plaques were found in 38 to 53 of the men depending on the interpretation of the chest film reader Cigarette habit appeared to be the most important factor the prevalence was lowest in smokers intermediate in current smokers and particularly high in exsmokers There was some confounding of this relationship by estimated cumulative asbestos dose but such con- founding did not seem to be sufficient to explain fully the relationship between the prevalence of plaques and smoking habit Both factors must be considered in studies of the risk of pleural plaques in asbestos workers --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 840/81 Mortality of Workers Certified by Pneumo- coniosis Medical Panels as Having Asbestosis G. Berry Brit J. 1981 12 refs Ind Med 38 130-132 May A mortality study has been carried out at the London Cardiff or Swansea Pneumoconiosis Medical Panels between 1952 and 1976 on people certified as suffering from asbestosis The main analysis was of 665 men 283 of whom had died Of the deaths and 20 39 were from lung cancer % mesothelioma asbestosis The observed mortality was compared with expectation based on the death rates for England and Wales For all causes the obser- ved number of deaths was 2.6 times expectation and for lung cancer 9.1 times expectation After 10 years from first certification half of the men had died compared with an expectation of one in four The excess death rates were apparent in the first year after certification and were still operating after 10 years on those who survived until then The main clinical factor influencing the mortality was the state of the men at the time of certifi- cation as indicated by the percentage disability awarded the excess lung cancer rate and the mesothelioma and asbestosis rates all increased with percentage disability Those awarded 10 or 20 benefit were still at risk from only all the three asbestos related causes For a man certi- fied at age 55 it was estimated that his life expectation would be reduced by 3 5 8 or 12 years according to whether his rate of disablement benefit was 10 20 30 or 40 or 50 or more respectively --Author's abstract reprinted i by permission September 1981 Volume 45 No. 9 /> INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST o*. LITERATURE| s ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONALOCUPATIONAL . HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning September 1981 Volume 45 No. 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 81x -- 1019/81 e News Items ee es ee te te te Re en Coming Events 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee Legal Developments 6 ee er ee te ee ee em er ee RE ee em Books and Pamphlets - 6 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee Industrial Medicine 2 ee ee ee ee ee ee ee tt ee ee es Chemical Hazards . . 6 6 ee et ee Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 6 606 eee ee eee ee ee ee Physical Hazards + Radiation 6. ee ee ee et ee ee te ee ee et ee ee Re ee nes Environmental Problems oe. 6 ee eb ee ee ee ee ee ee ee i Industrial Hygiene Preventive Engineering . 6 - - 6 + ee et ets ee Occupational Health Management " 6 ee ee ee ee ee ee Safety Accident Prevention 6 6 6 6 eee ee ee ee ee ee ee Re ees Analytical Methods Miscellaneous 6 6 6 ee ee eee ee ne er te es oe Index coc ee ee ees Addresses of Journal's Abstracted 6 6 6 e eye ee ee ee ee ee re ee L 4 5 6 9 12 17 21 22 23 25 25 26 27 29 31 FEATURES Developing related Preplacement Medical Examinations -7- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Mortality and Cancer -- Incidence Among Chemists . ~ A Retrospective Cohort Study of Disability Among Chemists Trimellitic Anhydride Toxicity A Cause of Acute } Multisystem Failure -- Fluoride Balances in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women NRC Report Discusses Health Effects Of Exposure to Diesel Engine Exhaust eo Combined Effects of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide on -- Respiratory Function in Man Cancer Morbidity Investigations Lessons from the Duluth Study of Possible Effects of Asbestos in -- Drinking Water . Abst No. 918/81 Abst No. 923/81 Abst No. 924/81 Abst No. 946/81 Abst No. 948/81 Abst No. 958/81 Abst No. 974/81 Abst No. 994/81 . Industrial Hygiene Digest fitness strength workplace layout load handles etc. The Guide includes recommendations regarding both the selection and training of workers who must perform manual materials handling activities as well as presenting some engineering guidelines for the design of workplaces where manual materials handling is performed --Abstract INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE 915/81 Occupational the Art H. Weill 1981 Supplement 13 Lung Diseases State Chest 80 57S refs of July Gaining access to occupational groups requires convincing both management and their lawyers as well workers and their unions that even in this somewhat polarized regulated and litigious society it is in their interest to participate in such investigations In this overview the author summarizes several examples of how studies of populations exposed to mineral and organic dusts or chemical gases and vapors have contributed to our knowledge of both related and related determinants of these condi- tions and raise some of the questions which remain --Author's summary condensed 916/81 A Method for Detecting a Cohort Exposure S. T. Sacks and S. Selvin Environ Res 25 167-177 June 1981 17 refs Until recently cohort analysis has been primarily a descriptive technique using graphical presenta- e tions to identify obvious cohort effects The present paper discusses methodology designed to separate and statistically assess the individual influences on disease rates of birth cohort calendar time and age and includes several examples of cohort analysis on both actual and hypothetical data Analyzing a set of data for a cohort effect for the purpose of identifying point source exposures is emphasized --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 917/81 Preemployment Back Rays Unnecessary Practice Try Another Approach R. J. Ustby Occup Health Nursing 29 20-23 July 1981 10 refs Preemployment rays do not predict future low back pain or injuries Furthermore the rays unnecessarily expose the employees to radiation and are expensive Refusing employment to someone on the basis of preemployment back ray may bar desirable employees from the workforce and expose employers to legal liabilities A complete history and physical examination in conjunction with a screening test of back strength and flexibility provide basic components for a useful inexpensive preemployment examination --Summary September 1981 918/81 Developing Related Preplacement Medical Examinations J. C. Hogan and E. J. Bernacki J. Occup Med 23 469-475 July 1981 20 refs Federal regulations prohibiting discrimination in hiring require that employment selection procedures to evaluate applicants be based on job- related criteria The preplacement physical examination used in employment particularly in the placement of handicapped persons must also be conducted in a related manner This paper discusses the development and use of the physical examination in selecting and placing applicants for jobs in the workplace with special reference to handicapped persons and disabled veterans It presents and justifies a method of performing these examinations in a manner consistent with humanistic and business goals as well as the goals of federal regulatory agencies prohibiting em- ployment discrimination --Authors abstract reprinted : by permission 919/81 Editorial tion S. Lerner July 1981 Response J. Occup Preplacement ExaminaMed 23 475-476 In this editorial response to Hogan and Bernacki's article Developing Related Preplacement Medical Examinations See abstract 918/81 Sidney Lerner adds some pertinent personal observations and includes a suggested Report of Medical Examination form to replace the form used by the other doctors in their article --JLC 920/81 Epidemiology Public Health and Health Surveillance Around Point Sources of Pollution J. H. Stebbings Jr. Environ Res 25 1-7 June 1981 10 refs In industrial society a large number of point sources of pollution exist such as chemical plants smelters and nuclear power plants Public concern has forced the practising epidemiologist to undertake health surveillance of the usually small populations living around point sources Although not justifiable as research such epidemiologic surveillance activities are becoming a routine part of public health practice and this trend will continue This introduction reviews concepts of epidemiologic surveillance and institutional problems relating to the quality of such applied research --Author's abstract reprinted by permission 921/81 Ebert 1981 5 Medical Surveillance Occup refs Health Nursing Way 29 To Go 9-16 F. July The forms and procedures surveillance program for established for a medical employees involved in asbestos demolition are summarized --JFB Industrial Hygiene Digest . In addition to examining the liver by an electronmicroscope Cd concentration in the liver was analyzed by atomic The Cd contents in absorption the livers spectrophotometry of group III were significantly reduced compared with those of group I. Apparent ultrastructural changes i.e. deterioration of rough endoplasmic reticula losses of glycogen particles and proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticula were observed in the livers of group I. Meanwhile these changes were significantly mild in those of group III From these results it is suggested that Cd inhibits protein synthesis and glycogen metabo- lism in the liver and that Zn partly protects the liver from induced ultrastructural changes --Authors abstract in English 956/81 Contribution of the Study of Term Effects of Polyneuropathy due to Industrial Glues Clinical and Electromyographic Observations V. Montesanti and N. Liso Med Lavoro 72 112 March 1981 7 refs Italian 107- . The Authors describe clinical and electromyo- graphical reports taken over a period of time . from a minimum of 1 year to a maximum of 6 years for 10 patients who had contracted poly- neuropathy due to exposure to industrial adhesive substances between 1971 and 1976. The data emerging from these observations lead the Authors to conclude that patients recover within a period of 16-18 months without clinically appreciable neurological consequences while electromyo- graphical alterations tend to take a longer period of time to normalise and in any case no less than 24 months . --Abstract in English 957/81 On the Neurotoxicity of Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone L. Perbellini et al Med Lavoro 72 102-106 March 1981 15 refs Italian The occurrence of peripheral neuropathies in animals and humans exposed to cyclohexane or cyclohexanone has been suspected This study reports the results obtained from rats which received twice daily i.p. injections each con- taining 200 mg of cyclohexanol 5 days a week for periods up to 6 weeks and from rats which received the same dose of cyclohexanone for periods up to 13 weeks The electrophysiological , and neuropathological studies during and after the treatment failed to detect any damages of the peripheral nervous system These results suggest that the chronic intoxication with the main cyclohexane metabolites cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone do not develop peripheral neuropathies in rats --Authors abstract in English 17 September 1981 INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 958/81 NRC Report Discusses Health Effects Of Exposure to Diesel Engine Poll Control Assn 31 Exhaust 790-791 Anon .. Air July 1981 According to the 1981 Report of the Health Ef- fects Panel of the National Research Council's Diesel Impacts Study Committee the effects of human exposure to whole diesel exhaust have not been conclusively demonstrated From available epidemiological clinical and laboratory animal studies no firm conclusions can be drawn about possible pulmonary and systemic effects of diesel exhaust exposure Although a comparatively large data base exists for pulmonary and systemic effects of certain individual phase exhaust components nitrogen oxides is little basis for making judgments on the cardiopulmonary effects of whole diesel exhaust though some of the individual components are known to exert adverse effects However evi- dence based on laboratory animal studies suggests that inhaled diesel exhaust affects the lung clearance mechanisms produces specific histopathologic changes in the lung that may may not be reversible and adversely affects pulmonary defense mechanisms --Condensed from text or the 959/81 Studies Graham refs Methodological Problems in Ecologic of the Asbestos Relationship S. Environ Res 25 35-49 June 1981 24 Past researchers dealing with worker populations and rarely populations residing around sites where asbestos is mined or manufactured have shown a relationship between such exposure and mesothelioma These studies have dealt mainly with males and have not replicated those findings in a couple of studies that asbestos increased risk of lung stomach and large bowel cancer In order to extend the knowledge of the effects of asbestos further and to consider another type of exposure residential the the incidence of all sites of authors cancer examined studied separately in the asbestos counties of Quebec the first counties surrounding them the other rural counties and the urban counties of Quebec As have previous studies they found higher risks of mesothelial tumors and in ad- dition an added risk for cancer of the lip salivary gland and small instestine for males The females showed higher risk for cancer of the pleura lip kidney salivary gland and melanoma Risks increased in a response fashion with an increase in proximity to the mines The authors caution that these findings are limited by de- riving from an cers appearing ecological design and that now are probably the result can- of a long latent period during which time the kinds of exposures may have changed markedly because of changes in mining techniques and air pollution controls --Author's abstract reprinted by permission Industrial Hygiene Digest 960/81 Asbestos Inhalation and the Induction of Splenic Lymphocytic Proliferation in the Rat E. Kagan and K. Miller Chest 80 12S July 1981 Supplement 7 refs There is evidence that the alveolar macrophage plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of asbestosis since this phagocytic cell is an important component of evolving lesions in this disease The authors recently demonstrated that alveolar macrophages obtained from asbestosexposed rats can evoke a stabilized physical interaction during invitro culture with autologous T enriched splenic lymphocytes This interaction was shown to have two components an effect analogous to that produced by subjecting macrophages to the peroxidant action of sodium metaperiodate NaIO and an effect which was similar to directed clustering of lymphocytes around macrophages As an extension of the previous study they now report that alveolar macrophages obtained from asbestos rats can initiate a vigorous in vitro splenit lympho- cyte proliferative response --Condensed from text 961/81 Asbestos Stimulates Alveolar Macrophages to Release a Factor Causing Human Lung Fibroblasts to Replicate P. Bitterman et al Chest 80 _ 38S July 1981 Supplement Asbestosis is a form of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis resulting from the inhalation of asbestos fibers One of the characteristic morphologic findings in asbestosis is asbestos fibers engulfed by pulmonary alveolar macrophages PAM surrounded by clusters of lung fibroblasts The role alveolar macrophages play in the formation of these fibroblast clusters was investigated by evaluating the ability of PAM to produce soluble factor causing human lung fibroblasts to replicate This study demonstrates that asbestreated PAM release factor promoting human lung fibroblast replication possible role for PAM in the fibroblast clusters observed and suggests formation of in the early a the lesions of asbestosis . --Condensed from text ' 962/81 Comparison of Phagocytosis of Uncoated Versus Coated Asbestos Fibers by Cultured Human Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages T. L. McLemore et al Chest 80 42S July 1981 Supplement 10 refs The current study demonstrates that while as- bestos bodies are ingested by human alveolar macrophages they are much to PAMs than similar concentrations pulmonary less toxic of naked uncoated ASB fibers These data thus support the theory that ASB Lodies are less harmful to human lung cells that uncoated ASB fibers and agree with a recent report by Churg and WarnocWkarnock who concluded that quantitation of naked as well as coated asbestos finers in human tissue and September 1981 sputum amount degree might be essential for determining the of occupational exposure as well as the of risk of asbestos related lung disease to a given individual --Condensed from text . 963/81 Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Activity in _ Pulmonary Macrophages and Blood Lymphocytes As- Exposed Cigarette Smokers with and without Lung 80 Cancer 44S D. R. Snodgrass et al Chest July 1981 Supplement 10 refs These results suggest that asbestos exposure may affect changes in a person's aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase AHH responsiveness or total induced level in such a way as to increase that indivi- dual's susceptibility to the potential carcino- gens found in cigarette smoke mediated alterations condensate Whether in AHH levels play a primary role in the etiology of lung cancer by potentiating the production of reactive intermediates of cigarette condensate polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon is yet to be determined --Condensed from text 964/81 and B. 49-54 Asbestos Product Liability C. A. J. Peters J. Products Liability 1981 Peters 4 The magnitude and complexity of asbestos related product liability actions has spawned a number of provocative and interesting questions These questions have significant practical theoreti- cal and social relevance This article defines - and discusses some of the important questions and issues emerging from this product liability litigation --Authors abstract 965/81 Pulmonary Asbestosis and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenetic Parallels J. Gadek et al Chest 80 64S July , 1981 Supplement The IPF for findings suggest that the parallels between and pulmonary asbestosis may extend to a role neutrophil collagenase in the pathogenesis of these fibrotic lung diseases --Condensed from text 966/81 Deposition Pattern and Clearance Pathways of Inhaled Chrysotile Asbestos A. R. Brody and L. H. Hill Chest 80 645-67S July 1981 Sup- plement 3 refs The authors have shown that inhaled asbestos impacts initially on and that significant between the asbestos alveolar duct bifurcations interactions take place and underlying alveolar duct epithelial cells from duct surfaces Numerous fibers are removed five hours after exposure and by 24 hours after exposure alveolar macrophages have accumulated at alveolar duct bifurcations in 18 Industrial Hygiene Digest significant the initial numbers lesion of They propose that this is asbestosis and pathogenetic events in this anatomic region currently are under study Early clearance through the alve- clar epithelium would be a highly significant mechanism for introducing small asbestos fibrils into the pulmonary interstitium where inter- actions with macrophages and fibroblasts are known to occur during the pathogenesis of asbes- , . tosis --Authors discussion reprinted by permission 967/81 Mesothelioma Relative tion and Methylcholanthrene Arch Pathol Lab Med 105 1981 38 refs to Asbestos Radia- S. Warren et al 305-312 June The carcinogenicity of chrysotile asbestos fibers Canadian and Rhodesian for the mesothelium of pleura and peritoneum of NLDH rats was explored by injection of 2 mg of asbestos fibers suspended in saline intratracheally intrapleurally or intraperitoneally with or without ancillary radiation treatment 1,000 rad to the whole body of parabiont rats or 2,000 rad to the right thorax of single rats or alternatively by injection of arthene A mesothelioma asbestos plus 1 mg of methylchol- highly 3.8 significant incidence was noted in 159 rats of treated with asbestos alone as compared with 0.1 in 1,417 control rats Additional treatment with radiation or methylcholanthrene increased this incidence to 11.8 and 25.5 respectively the latter increase alone being significant at the .01 level of probability --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 968/81 Inflammation and Asbestosis Characteri- zation and Maintenance of Alveolitis following zation Acute Asbestos Exposure C. Schoenberger et al Chest 80 71S July 1981 Supplement These studies demonstrate that 1 inhalation of asbestos results in an acute inflammatory in the lung which is characterized by response the presence of neutrophils 2 one mechanism attract neutrophils to the by which asbestos may lung is by stimulating alveolar macrophages to release a chemotactic factor for neutrophils 3 the release of the chemotactic factor by alveolar macrophages may be augmented by coating the asbestos fibers with serum factors --Condensed from text Occupational Bronchopulmonary Disease 969/81 Occupational G. Glass Fibres Clinical Observations Due Chiappino et al Med Lavoro 72 96-101 April 1981 9 refs Italian In view of the still incomplete picture of the effects of glass fibres paratus three clinical on the respiratory apcases were studied September 1981 After prolonged exposure to glass fibres the subjects showed signs of irritation haemorrhagic chronic bronchial alveolitis and inter- stitial lung disease with alteration of alveolo- capillary gas diffusion These observations support the theory that glass fibres of a respirable size can have an effect on the lung similar to that of asbestos fibres --Authors abstract in English of 970/81 Farmer's Lung -Description A. Siracusa et al Med Lavoro 72 17 Cases 118-127 March April 1981 35 refs Italian In this study 17 cases of farmer's lung are presented with particular regard to clinical radiographic lung function and serological characteristics Based on the criteria adopted an acute form was chronic form with diagnosed in 8 acute onset in subjects a 6 subjects and a chronic form with insidious onset in 3 sub- On the basis of the available literature jects the Authors are of the opinion that the incidence of farmer's lung in Italy is underestimated They believe insufficient that this knowledge situation is due to the of the disease among General Practitioners who are the first and often the only ones to observe the characte- istic clinical features of the disease in its acute phase --Authors abstract in Inglisi the and 971/81 Neoplasm Nasal Cavities the Paranasal Sinuses and Occupational Exposure to E. Merler et al Med Lavoro 7s Wood Dust 87-95 March April 1981 24 refs Italian An epidemiological study was made 1969-1979 on tumours of the nasal for the period cavities and paranasal sinuses in the Ear Nose and Throat Departments of hospitals in the Province of Verona Out of 25 patients with neoplasm there were 16 carcinomas and 9 epithelial tumours Among the carcinomas there were 3 adenocarcinomas all males and all cases of wood workers Two other workers with epithelial tumours one and one undifferentiated had been squamous employed in wood processing industries The study was a case type investigation and carried out by interviewing the subjects and was their families and examining clinical files and histological specimens --Authors abstract in English 972/81 Lung Disease Due to Abuse of Hairspray J. L. Wright and D. W. Cockcroft Arch Pathol Lab Med 105 363-366 July 1981 14 refs A case of sociation pulmonary lipid granulomata with abuse of hairspray was in as- studied Light microscopic and ultrastructural examination of the lung biopsy specimen demonstrated dis- torted alveolar architecture with marked in- crease in interstitial collagen Multiple macro- phages both interstitial and alveolar contained abundant Ivsosomes and lipid vacuoles ne ye October 1981 Vol4u5 m No.e10 oe LITERATURE ss ABSTRACTS ' - ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND 0 ~ SAFETY NEWS 07 ' ~ INDUSTRIAL - HEALTH FOUNDATION INC 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. M.L.MS .L..S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. Production Debra A. Bowers Joy H. Henning October 1981 Volume 45 No. 10 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 1020 -- 1148/81 News Items . 00 ee te te ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eR Coming Events . - 6 Legal Developments . Books and Pamphlets ee ee ee et 6 ee et ree ee ee . . 6 ee ee ee et Ee ee ee er ee Fa ee ee ee eH ee es rr ee Industrial Medicine 2 6 6 ee ee ee ee ee te RH ee es Skin Diseases and Burns 6 ee 6 6 te ee rh he ee ee ee eS oe Chemical Hazards . 6 6 6 et ee ee ee ee Ee ry Industrial Dusts and Inhalants 2 6 Physical Hazards " Radiation .o. ee ee ee eee ee 6 ee ee te ee ee eh ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee eee Re ee ee ee ee ee ee Environmental Problems . - + se eee ee et ee ee ee ee Industrial Hygiene Preventive Occupational Health Management Engineering + ss + ee ee . .. - Engineering et Safety Accident Prevention 6 6 6 ee eee er re Analytical Methods Miscellaneous ' s 6 ee tt ee te et et ee er es ee te er Re ee tt ee es Index " 2 1 ee ee ee ee te a Addresses of Journals Abstracted - 6 ee 6 8 ee ee ee ee eH ee RR es 1 5 5 6 9 14 14 19 23 24 24 27 27 28 28 ww ww . FEATURES The Health of Welders in Naval Dockyards Welding Tobacco Smoking and Absence Attributed to Respiratory -- Diseases Abst No. 1045/81 . . An Epidemiological Survey of Eight Oil Refineries in Britain -- Abst No. 1047/81 wen Stress Its Effects on People at Work ~~ Abst No. 1057/81 Mortality of Nickel Workers Experience of Men Working -- with Metallic Nickel Abst No. 1074/81 Chromium and Nickel Aerosols in Stainless Steel Manufacturing 1 Grinding and Welding Abst No. 1076/81 Mortality of United Kingdom Acrylonitrile Polymerisation ~~ Workers -- Mechanisms of Asbestos Carcinogenesis An Epidemiologic Study of Workers Exposed to Western Red 1 Cedar and Other Wood Dusts Abst No. 1088/81 Abst No. 1095/81 Abst No. 1103/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest __October 1981 1093/81 Acceleration ofLipid Peroxidation in Human Paraquat Poisoning T. Yasaka et al Arch Internal Med 141 1169-1171 August 1981 14 . refs A year man ingested approximately 15 to 20 mL of a 24 solution of paraquat Acute renal and liver failure developed The patient began undergoing hemodialysis and receiving vitamin E but he died of pulmonary fibrosis the 27th day after the ingestion During a week period of observation evidence of lipid peroxidation in his serum was noted by determining malondialdehyde levels Guinea pigs exposed to paraquat showed similar patterns of malondialdehyde presence in plasma These results indicate that increased serum or plasma levels of lipid peroxide occurring in paraquat poisoning might reflect production of highly reactive oxygen free radicals and that possibly levels of lipid peroxides could serve as indicators of the efficacy of therapy directed toward scavenging free radicals --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1094/81 The Effects of Paraquat and Superoxide Dismutase on Pulmonary Vascular Permeability and Edema in Mice S. N. Giri et al Arch Environ Health 36 149-154 August 1981 42 refs e Intraperitoneal administration of 50 kg paraquat dichloride to mice significantly increased pulmonary vascular permeability at 24 and 48 hr as measured by 125 albumin content of alveolar lavage Lung edema measured by lung weight as percent body weight was signigicantly increased 48 hr after paraquat treatment Intravenous administration of four doses of superoxidase dismutase at hr intervals i.e. one before and three after paraquat treatment failed to inhibit paraquat increased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema Superoxide dismutase treatment also failed to reduce mortality and had no significant effect on the death time course in animals challenged with paraquat The results of this study suggest that acute toxic effects of paraquat such as increased pulmonary vascular permeability and pulmonary edema may not be mediated through the generation of superoxide anion --Authors abstract INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS 1095/81 Mechanisms of Asbestos T. Mossman and J. E. Craighead 269-280 August 1981 38 refs Carcinogenesis Environ Res B. 25 A striking synergistic effect on tumor inductioins seen when asbestos and polycyclic hydrocarbons PCH are inhaled by or instilled intratracheally into rodents This observation supports the results of epidemiologic studies indicating that the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma is increased substantially in smokers occupationally exposed to asbestos To determine the mechanisms of asbestos carcino- genesis at the cellular level cell and organ cultures of tracheobronchial epithelium were examined morphologically and biochemically after their ex- posure to asbestos with and without the adsorption of PCH to its surfaces Asbestos was phagocytized by the basal cells of the epithelium The mineral stimulated cellular division hyperplastic and metaplastic changes and induction of -K ATPase a marker enzyme for the plasma membrane The metabolism of methylcholanthrene 3 MC as determined by aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase AHH activity in monolayers of epithelial cells after their exposure to both asbestos and 3 MC was potentiated A hypothetical construct depicting the role of asbestos in carcinogenesis of the respiratory tract is presented --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1096/81 Chrysotile Asbestos fibers in Drinking Water from Asbestos Pipe M. S. Kanarek et al Environ Sci & Technol 15 923-925 August 1981 14 refs Chrysotile asbestos fiber counts were compared in drinking water samples taken before and after flow through asbestos pipes in the San Francisco Bay area The drinking water supplies in that area are chemically nonaggressive by the standard measures In one major distribution system mean chrysotile counts were 115 times greater in drinking water after flow through the pipe This demonstration of substantial increases in asbestos fiber counts in nonaggressive drinking water raises questions as to the validity of aggressiveness indexes for prediction of fiber release from asbestos pipes --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1097/81 Dry Removal of Ind Hyg Assn J. 42 refs Asbestos 624-625 J. D. August Elias 1981 4 Am A method for the dry removal of friable asbestos has been developed The Workplace Safety and Health Branch in Manitoba's Labour and Manpower Department and Power Vac Manitoba Limited have operated in the production of an improved procedure It was employed for the first time in the fall of 1979 when the Industrial Hygiene Section was asked for advice about removal of asbestos from a Winnipeg School Division warehouse Fans were used to maintain the work area under negative pressure to prevent the spread of asbestos throughout the building The exhaust air was filtered to prevent environmental contamination and special precautions were taken to protect workers -Author's abstract reprinted by permission 19 Industrial Hygiene Digest October 1981 .098 Analyses of Tissue Blood and Urine amples from a Baboon Gavaged with Chrysotile and rocidolite Asbestos W. H. Hallenbeck et al Environ Res 25 349-360 August 1981 14 refs issue blood and ne control baboon urine samples were analyzed from one test and by transmission lectron microscopy for the presence of chrysotile nd crocidolite asbestos The test animal had been avaged with cumulative doses of 800 mg each of hrysotile and crocidolite asbestos Urine and lood samples were collected during the day avage and day postgavage period issues were collected at sacrifice Twenty None of the nalyses of est animal tissue blood or urine samples from exceeded the expected level of back- the round contamination for chrysotile One crocido- ite bundle was observed in a test sample The esults of this study indicate that asbestos fibers o not penetrate the gastrointestinal tract of the aboon and migrate to various tissues --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 099/81 Fibrous Zeolites and Endemic n Cappadocia Turkey R. Lilis J. 3 548-550 August 1981 6 refs Mesothelioma Occup Med he possibility that fibrous materials other sbestos may be responsible for the spectrum isease classically associated with asbestos than of fibers aly including the carcinogenic effect seems to ave now been epidemiologically documented Thus he hypothesis formulated by Stanton on the basis f experimental data seems to have been confirmed or fibrous zeolites Direct experimental confir- ation of fibrous zeolites carcinogenicity has ecently been reported by Suzuki Intraperitoneal iministration of the fibrous zeolite erionite in ice resulted in peritoneal mesothelioma The ossibility that environmental exposure to fibrous eolites in other areas of the world and occupa- ional exposures to such materials in zeolite mining illing processing and usage might result in imilar effects needs to be actively investigated her mineral fibers with similar dimensional and irability characteristics should also be carefully onsidered with respect to their possible biological fects --Condensed from text .00 Changes of Copper Iron and Zinc in the rum of Patients with Silicosis Silicotuberculosis ad Active Lung Tuberculosis T. Niculescu et al viron Res 25 260-268 August 1981 23 refs e serum concentrations of copper iron and zinc 1 silicosis were investigated related to the ray ' of the disease according to the I.L.O. age 71 pneumoconioses international classification > the TB complication and to the plasma proteins evel The determination of oligoelements and asma proteins was * silicosis and in performed in 15 subjects suspected 141 silicotic patients selected ' three criteria the type criterium opacity size p q r category criterium number of opaci- ties 1 2 3 and TB complication criterium The doses of copper iron and zinc were also estab- lished in 28 active lung TB patients and in a con- trol group blood serum The increase of the copper was noticed simultaneously values in with the progress of silicosis the highest change being found in the subjects with silicotuberculosis and active TB A decrease of serum iron was also re- corded parallel to the silicosis evolution as well as a hypozincemia with no variations related to the stage of the silicosis No correlations were found between the changes of the oligoelements and the changes of plasma proteins --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1101/81 Silicate Pneumoconiosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis in Horses from the Monterey Peninsula L. W. Schwartz et al Chest 80 85S July 1981 Supplement 10 refs Pneumoconiosis is generally associated with occupational industrial exposure or unusual behavioral habits Geographic features have been recognized in certain cases from arid or desert areas where soils are rich in silicates This report summarizes the authors experience with nine cases of granulomatous pneumonia in horses presenting with exercise intolerance and various degrees of respiratory distress All cases have originated from the Monterey peninsula or the Carmel Valley of California all cases have been spontaneous and an industrial asso- ciation has not been recognized Since animal populations are frequently used as indicators of human disease this observation of equine disease may serve as a signal for a previously unrecognized environmental disease with potential human health implications --Condensed from text . 1102/81 Enzyme Changes During Experimental Sili- cotic Fibrosis I. PZ Peptidase and Collagen De- position in the Lungs J. Hurych et al Environ Res 25 424-433 August 1981 24 refs In various time intervals from 2 to 22 weeks after intratracheal quartz dust instillation 25 mg DQ 12 the content of collagen proteins deoxyribonucleic acid soluble proteins and collagen peptidase activity PZ substrate in rat lungs were estimated In the period from 2 to 8 weeks the total amount of collagen as well as enzyme activity increased in parallel In later by about 200 in comparison to periods 16 and 22 weeks after controls dust instilla- tion disproportions occurred Collagen content in silicotic lungs continued to increase the total activity of collagen peptidase in lungs started to decrease as did the specific enzyme activity There was also observed a decrease in the content of lung proteins soluble in isotonic onward disc electrophoresis KC1 From 6 weeks showed changes in the proportions of these proteins in dusted rats The changes were particularly manifest in postalbumins 20 ~ November 1981 Volume 45 No. 11 | LITERATURE 7 - ABSTRACTS ENVIRONMENTAL oe - Sa AND ae . OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY NEWS . FOUNDATION INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 5231 CENTRE AVENUE . INC PITTSBURGH PA 15232 Editor Jane F. Brislin M.L.S. Abstractor Jean L. Collins B.A. November 1981 Volume 45 No. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS This Issue Contains Abstracts 1268 News Items + 6 + + Coming Events . ... + Legal Developments Books and Pamphlets " + Industrial Medicine ' * Skin Diseases Burns Chemical Hazards Industrial Dusts and Inhalants . 7 6 Physical Hazards Industrial Hygiene . Preventive Preventive Preventive Engineering Engineering Engineering Occupational Health Management . Safety Accident Prevention + Analytical Methods Miscellaneous Index rrr + ry aoe . e Addresses of Journals Abstracted FEATURES -- Health Safety and Ergonomic Aspects of Visual Display Units Long Adjustment of Circadian Rhythms to a Rotating Shiftwork Schedule Industrial Solvents Passage into and Some Factors Affecting Through the Skin Their Exposure to Urinary Carcinogenic Excretion of Chemicals and and Smoking Mutagens in Humans Increases Formaldehyde Exposures in Work Work and the General Environment Occurrence and Possibilities for Prevention ' Diverse Profiles Diisocyanate of Immunoreactivity TD1 Asthma to Toluene Fibres The Biological Effects of Mineral Fibres Determination of Synthetic Amorphous Silica in Industrial Air Samples Abst 1178/81 Abst 1188/81 Abst No. 1200/81 Abst No. 1205/81 Abst No. 1214/81 Abst Abst No. 1224/81 No. 1226/81 No. 1260/81 Industrial Hygiene Digest not be permitted to work at heights greater than 1.7 m from ground level unless there is built physical protection to prevent the employee from falling a distance greater than his or her height The epileptic should not be permitted to operate hazardous or mobile equipment and in fact should not work immediately adjacent to such equipment Such work restrictions should be applied for at least two years after onset of the seizure disorder The restrictions may be removed if the employee is free of seizures for one year once the year limit has been reached Consideration should be given to work restrictions when the patient is reapplying removed from medication or if the medication is to be changed It is important that application or reapplication of restrictions must be deter- mined by the physician's knowledge of the employee and the employee's reliability as well as past history of control --Condensed from text SKIN DISEASES AND BURNS 1199/81 Vascular Measurement of Blood Permeability Changes Flow and in Response 12-0 to and Tetradecanoyl Tetradecanoyl to Asbestos Fibers J. A. Hamilton et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 205-214 August 1981. 36 refs The hyperemia increased blood flow and vascular permeability changes induced in rabbit skin by the tumor promoter tetradecanoylphorbol and by asbestos fibers have been quantitated The resultant hypermia measured with radioloabeled microspheres was inhibited in both cases by steroidal and nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs Since the inflammatory responses resulting from exposure to these agents might be important for the subsequent development of neoplasms it is that such a specific and quantitative proposed of technique be used to analyze the components these inflammatory responses in more detail --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1200/81 Industrial Solvents Some Factors Affecting Their Passage into and Through the Skin M.G. Bird Ann Occup Hyg 24 2 235-244 1981. 35 refs There which are numerous skin contact industrial applications in with solvents may occur An of the main factors which determine awareness of such materials into and through the passage in order to fully utilize the skin is important , and not abuse its protective role in the occupational situation illustrated by reference These factors are to some of the data and available in the existing literature concepts has been made to Whenever possible an attempt link these observations to the applied situation and to highlight those factors and their combination which should be minimized in good November 1981 industrial hygiene practice --Author's abstract by permission reprinted 1201/81 Cross Reactions Between Some Pesticides and the Fungicide Benomyl in Contact Allergy K. Aoyama Ind T. Matsushita and Health 19 2 77-83 1981. 17 refs To clarify the cross sensitivity between the fungicide benomyl and some other pesticides an animal experiment and undertaken 1. About a field survey were 20 of female farmers who had not used benomyl showed positive reactions to % benomyl in patch tests From the results of patch tests cross reactions between benomyl and such pesticides as Diazinon Saturn Daconil and Bordeaux were considered to occur 2. The results of guinea pigs maximization tests suggested that cross reactions occurred between Diazinon Kitazin benomyl and such pesticides as P Daconil and Bordeaux It may be concluded concluded that the fungicide benomyl shows contact aller- gic cross reactions with some other pesticides --Authors abstract CHEMICAL HAZARDS 1202/81 Cadmium Absorption and Tissue Distribution in Rats Provided Low Con- centrations of Cadmium in Food or Drinking Water R. Buhler et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 185-197 July 1981 18 refs Tissue Cd levels were determined 1,2,4,8 and 12 wk after weanling rats were provided with 109 food or water containing 1-1000 ng Cd as No differences in growth rate or organ CdCl2 weight were observed over the concentration tested Kidney accumulated the highest range concentration of Cd followed by liver with values third to fourth those found in the kidney Liver however accounted for 35- 55 of the total body burden while kidney contained only 35-45 Cd concentrations in the various tissues increased with time and the Cd concentration of the food or water The per- centage of the ingested dose time was relatively constant absorbed over the in a given tested Cd concentration range However for each metal concentration the percent of Cd absorbed decreased with exposure time Regression analysis established that female rats accumulated Cd at a higher rate and retained a greater percentage male rats and that of the tissue ingested Cd than did concentrations were higher in rats exposed to Cd in the water The differences in tissue Cd levels are probably related to proportionally higher metal intake by ferules and to higher intake fron water than ford at equivalent concentrations L 13 uncertain whether the greater retention of inrested Cd by females is due to more efficient efficient 15 Industrial Hygiene Digest of Candida albicans than the talc The enhanced fibrogenicity has been attributed to the adjuvant activity of kaolin with polysaccharide glucan component of Candida --Authors abstract 1226/81 Fibres 24 2 The Biological J.M.G. Davis 227-234 1981 Effects of Mineral Ann Occup Hyg 29 refs The history of asbestos disease and results of research into the ways in which the asbestos fibres are able to damage tissue are e reviewed Although crocidolite has been ac- cepted as constituting a particularly great hazard and is subject to a more stringent hygiene its use standard that has effectively terminated in the U.K. experimental studies on animals have not proved it to be more carcino- genic react than chrysotile differently from It is possible that rats humans but more likely possibilities are that in past industrial usage crocidolite produced higher dust concentrations than amosite or chrysotile and that chrysotile is less durable than crocidolite in the lungs over the 10-20 yr that tumour induction takes in man Other mineral fibres both natural and made have come under study and there is some evidence from laboratory experiments that they may produce similar effects to asbestos of comparable size The position for made insulation fibres appears relatively good and the results of studies of human populations exposed to glass fibre have so far been negative While not all mineral fibres may constitute a health hazard if used industrially there is enough evidence of that all new types potential harm to indicate of fibre should be subjected to careful testing --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1227/81 Asbestos Related Pulmonary Disorders in Japan 1. Ebihara J. Science Lab 57 363-396 Aug. 1981 101 refs Japanese In this study chest radiographs of 11,000 11,000 persons over 65 yr old were examined before collating and after with the life evaluation of history of each person each radiograph the life especially past asbestos exposure-e-xposure- was collated with the radiographical findings However exposure to or contact with asbestos was ascertained in each case with pleural These results seem to suggest that the plaque standard for pleural plaque adopted diagnostic acceptable It in this study was reasonable and was noteworthy that pleural plaques were fre- quently confirmed by oblique radiography even in those whose posterio ray film seemed to be normal As many other researchers the author is also of the opinion that pleural plaques can occur with dose or short asbestos exposure Moreover it should be emphasized that pneumoconiotic lung change viz asbestosis can also occur term after November 1981 dose or short asbestos exposure Ventilatory impairments were frequently noted among old persons who had a history of occupational asbestos exposure even if they had no asbestotic pleural changes Restrictive ventilatory changes have been considered to be the most important respiratory impairment due to asbestos exposure however it should be em- phasized that obstructive matous functional changes changes and emphysecan frequently occur after asbestos exposures Restric many years tive and obstructive ventilatory impairment was more prevalent and more serious among persons with pleural plaques than those without these changes Even at present asbestos disorders are frequently observed respiratory old persons living in the metropolitan among fact that the area When we take account of the of asbestos rapidly increased since 1960 import asbestos health hazards must hereafter spread more widely and become more serious in the metropolitan area --Author's abstract . in English 1228/81 Asbestos Concentrations in Public Buildings -- A Preliminary Report J.M. LeGuen and G. Burdett Ann Occup Hyg 24 185-189 1.981 6 refs were measured Airborne asbestos concentrations by a variety of sampling and analytical tech- niques in 4 schools 2 other educational theatre and a establishments 5 houses a television studio in all of which asbestoscontaining construction materials had been used At some sites these materials had been damaged to expose visible fibres but in no case did asbestos concentrations exceed airborne occupational 10 m roughly 0.02 of the hygiene standard for chrysotile in the three cases where the TEM or 10-8 m m was used --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1229/81 Lung Instantaneous Constant in Smokers and smokers Exposed to Asbestos F. Sulotto et al Med Lavoro 72 222-226 June 1981 15 refs Italian b Lung instantaneous constant has been cal- culated from flow volume curves of 4 groups of subjects 18 smoking asbestos workers 18 non- smoking asbestos workers 14 exposed sub- 16 smoking exposed subjects ALL jects had normal clinical findings and X- the subjects PA films Asbestos workers showed VC and Ray FEV significantly lower than exposed altho1.0 ugh the mean values for each group were within normal predicted values The joint additive effect of asbestos and smoking as well as the individual effects of both were statis- tically significant of MEF even though all values were within the range of normality related to constant Among the parameters 21 Industrial Hygiene Digest measurement only the mean value showed a significant separation of smokers and non- smokers No difference was found between asbestos and exposed subjects --Authors abstract in English 1230/81 Inorganic Fibers in Lung Tissue from Patients with Pleural Plaques or Malignant Mesothelioma B. Cylseth et al Scand J. Work Environ June 1981 12 refs 7 109-113 ~ The concentration of inorganic fibers in the lungs of patients with malignant mesothelioma and pleural plaques has been compared to that of patients without cancer or chronic respiratory diseases The fiber concentrations have been determined by scanning electron microscopy and given as number of fibers per gram of dried tissue A statistically significant difference in inorganic fiber content was found between the different groups --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1231/81 Effects of Mixed Cotton and Synthetic Fiber Dusts on Ventilatory Capacity of Textile Mill Workers D. Parvizpour and F. Shadan Med Lavoro 72 198-203 June 1981. 13 refs 162 smoking male weavers in a textile mill working with a mixture of fibers were recruited for cotton and synthetic the assessment of FVC lung function by performing forced expiratory flows and volumes FVC PFVC PFEV1 and FEV1 were all reduced but were still within normal limits while the expiratory flow FEF25-75 FEF25-75 PFEF25-75 PFEF25-75 showed a greater decrease with values slightly below normal This slight decrease in response to mixed dust indicates that dust synthetic fibers does not have exposure produced the same to by adverse FEF25-75 effects as cotton is recommended as dust FEF25-75 a sensitive test PFEF25-75 for the assessment in textile of ventilatory function mill workers exposed to impairment mixed dust --Summary 1232/81 Prediction of Fibrogenicity Degree of Containing Dust in Relation to Surface Properties of Particles T.B. Velichkovskaya et al Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 6 34-36 1981 2 refs Russian The degree of fibrogenicity of quartz dust was revealed to correlate with physicochemical of the particles The most im- properties of contain- portant hygienic parameters ing dust determining the degree of their Fibrogenicity are the mass of the current dust free quartz dioxide content molecular structure and chemical properties of the particles surface These parameters may November 1981 be used for prediction of fibrogenicity of quartz dust --Authors abstract in English 1233/81 Morphogenesis of Anthracotic Tuberculosis N.Z. Slinchenko Gig Trud Prof. Zabol 7 14-17 1981 : 31 refs Russian a A morphological histochemical and bacteriologic study was performed of the material from 100 miners who died from and 1032 miners operated on for various forms of tuberculosis siderosilicosis and silicotuberculosis Special attention was paid to the development of anthracotic tuberculosis as a united process that permitted a morphologic study anatomic structures of the disease of the main and allowed the author to determine the reasons for and ways of its progression The changes detected are viewed from the standpoint of immunopathol- ogy of the above diseases Author's abstract in English 1234/81 Biochemical Changes in Rat Lungs After Exposure to Nitrogen Dioxide J.J. Ospital et al ~ J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 47-58 July 1981 41 refs Sixty male specific pathogen rats were exposed continuously to 5 or 15 ppm NO2 for 1-7 d Lung tissue from exposed and control rats was then analyzed for biochemical and enzymatic parameters The exposure resulted in increased lung enzymatic activities including elevated protein and DNA contents and nonprotein sulfhydryl levels Biochemical and enzymatic parameters generally increased maximally after 4 d and remained elevated for up to 7 d of continued exposure The magnitude of these increases was higher for 15 than for 5 ppm NO2 The increases in biochemical parameters may have occurred and enzymatic in response to induced lung injury --Authors abstract reprinted by permission 1235/81 Effects of Sulfuric Acid and Nitrogen Dioxide on Airway Responsiveness of the Guinea Pig S.A. Silbaugh et al J. Toxicol Environ Health 8 31-45 July 1981. 37 refs Hartley guinea pigs were exposed for 1 h to . either NO2 gas or H2S04 aerosol and examined m for changes in airway responsiveness to inhaled histamine Concentrations ranged from 7 to 146 ppm NO2 and 4 to 40 H2SO4 One of animals exposed to filtered air served group as controls Histamine challenges were per- formed on pollutant unanesthetized animals 2 h or air exposure baseline before and 10 min and 2 and 19 h after exposure exposed 22