Document RjnEe9BzV77LvY1oE22VOaEw7

REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES E d it o r ia ls 977 If the value of oral administration can be demonstrated, it will be a distinct sapdivtaentoafgethoevetrrivtihael phayipnodcearumseicd.meAthsodt,ypwhhoiicdh fiesvedrreiasdecdontbryacmtedanythrpoeuogphle, thine adissiditmgrmeailsitantioriivsntecehrotaefrrdaacvcitatn,ecrctt,hihneetehrseaaatmgsoaeenienmewstsaisyst.mnoaaWtblulepreaoglxhloyaobvdcyeaurhtetheiaaeosruodmsnosaoutbotohmu,btuecalahnide,dvohepoottiwthnheegavrtethrav,ibasoscucfnriendtwheiteiemmasedatymohfoibndae. It should have the backing of impartial observation carried out on a large scale before general acceptance can be recommended. 1. Bulletin de VAcadmie de Mdecine, X LI, 1924. ETH YL GASOLINE AND LEAD POISONING New uses for many substances, in this instance lead, are continually being discovered. Lead is now apparently about to enjoy a very extensive application in the matter of motor fuels where it is to be added to gasoline for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the engine. This of course at once raises the health questMionidgolfeyleaadndpoBisooyndin1gh. ave published the essentials of the new use for lead. These investigators point out that the automobile represents the first great advance in individual transportation since man began to use the horse. This transportation is obviously dependent upon an adequate supply of liquid fuel which for a number of obvious reasons United States was omveeranfsivepebtirloliloenumg.alloInns,1o9r21thteheeqpuriovdaulecntitonof of gasoline in the filling a standard tank car every minute of the year. The fear is that the supply of this fuel may not keep up with the demand for it. Our supply of petroleum is being rapidly depleted. While other fuels, as from shale, coal and alcohol, may offer a reserve for the future, it will be many years before sufficient material can be obtained from these sources to supply any considerable percentage of the motor fuel requirements of the country. These workers therefore investigated the problem of increasing the efficiency with which the energy of gasoline is utilized and therefore of obtaining " more miles per gallon." To do this and still maintain acceleration and hill-climbing ability, it has been found necessary to discover a substance which will permit increased pressure of ejgplpsion while using gasoline. Here the chief difficulty has been the " knock." It is well known that if substantial per cceonmtapgreesssio(4n0c-6a0n%be) oobftaibneendzewniethoorutatlhcoehoobl jeacrteionmaibxleed"wknitohckga"sowliitnhe,itsfaairtltyendhaignht loss of power. The authors claim to have found that the " knock " in internal combustion engines is a chemical rather than a mechanical phenomenon; hence their investiga tion of various " anti-knock " chemicals. These include such substances as iodine, nitrogen, silenium, tellurium, tin and lead, all of which retard the knock. pounLdeawdhetentrcaoemthpyal raepdpewairtsh tobesnuzrepnaessinall2t5hepeorthceersn.t cAosncaenntr"aatinotni-kinnockker"osceonme, 1 volume of it is said to be equivalent to about 625 volumes of benzene. These "thaenirti-gkrneoactkef"fecmtiavteenrieaslss dheamvoensbtreaentedq.uite widely used in airplane engines, and of M1o. toCrheFmuieclasl. CJorn.troInld.of<*rGaBsleipo.usChDemeto.,naVtiooln. , 1e4t,c.N, oa.nd9, Tph.e84A9pp(lSiceaptito.,n 1o9f22C)h, eamnidstrNy ot.o 1t0he (OCocnt.s,.er1v9a2ti2o)n. REPRODUCED AT THE ! NATIONAL ARCHIVES 978 T h e A m e r ic a n J o u r n a l oe P u b l ic H e a l t h Benzene exerts its influence as a fuel; therefore requiring large quantities for admixture, whereas, the substances named are effective in fractions of a pweirthcefonut.r mLoelaecdulteestroafetChy2Hl ir,s. aTchoempproeupnadratinionwhhaicshbeaenmpoluetcuulpeonofthPebmiasrkcoemt ubnindeedr trheecenntalmy,ethoef E"tEhtyhlyGl aGsoalsin"e bCyotrhpeorGateinoner.al Motors Chemical Company or, more , Midgley and Boyd feel that it will be only a matter of time when all gasoline will be treated with an " anti-knock " material and that automobile engines having higher compression and giving considerably greater mileage per gallon will be used. Foreseeing the possibility of health hazard to garage and motor workers, as well as to users and the general public, the Corporation arranged with the United States Bureau of Mines in the autumn of 1923 to begin at its Experiment awStostixatthitociiontnehfefaienrceftPses,iuwtltitsfibnwaugenreyegk,xhsh,o, afauinessttehrwfyiuehlsmigcoehafssoetflhrxinoeteemnrwsemishvuoeeltntosirnusvso.eefsdtRiagaensapitmoaioratnmslsooeotnxonprtethhfriuiesmewlp,ehonaartnrakdmtiaoaprnceaosr,eltoxicghpuyuelmcaatrnaelddny eitxpisospurroebsa, btlhee tahnaat lythsies foufllaisra,feotfy sotrfeetthedrpipupbilnicgsa,nedtc.o,thaerrestowiblle bceovdereemdo.nsWtrahtielde as the result of these investigations, this method of procedure also illustrates a somewhat new idea in connection with the exploiting of new discoveries to the public, viz., the primary investigation of the public health aspect. As we know, there are now many substances and appliances upon the market which are dangerous to users as well as to the public which unfortunately have not been given this preliminary study. MEASURING PERSONAL COMFORT WITH THE KATA THERMOMETER Personal comfort depends largely upon the rate of cooling of the human body. In other words, the temperature, humidity, and velocity of the surrounding air should be within reasonable limits to permit the heat generated within the body taorebenreecmesosvaerdilyatintheeffiscaiemnet, r^ayltteh. ouPgehrsothnrsowugohrkinnog ufnadueltr uonf cothmefiorrtoawblne. conMdoitdioenrns ionfdupsetrrsyo,ntaol pcoromdfuocret tahnedbeisst inrestsaullltisngfroeqmuipwmoreknetrst,o ncoowntrroelalitzheessethtehriemepofratcatnocres pertaining to human comfort. pliionnhsasettdrreiuIbcqtmyucheaornatnaestddifibuatoeistroeieonndntsh.sefhaonorpTdwuhmnrecpeoolamnasstveeue,erlrcycaitunsitorghynita,tthtmhweteehhrrpeimelrheleoyymsaiiasoecgtlcnoeroorgeu,iacnstwaitnlshpgiaefclreofhtfreicunottndfhstaeitxtlohfeproaefabcrtetocmndootoymlfsypfhtohwhereeaatrtsebi,northediasseyutmlvohtenieonralsyygt ffrroomm tthhe msuertafabcoelicofprtohceesbsoeds yw. ithTihnisthleacbkodoyf ias esluimitainbaletedmebaysumreinagnsinosftreuvmapeonrtatwioans partly overcome in 1916, when Dr. Leonard Hill, of England, who introduced batiitnhoseddsteyoekx,Twmahtnoaaefn2-trd0thkaheatectertmhamru-o.atosfht,mleeocrenuoomtgnfeo,dorlci,menaorbngoedrtliefownaruagvhgoiehscornytfaalbioitnlthusesdpteretciabcceoniamoanldldpilymyibetruiipocatlrsbontoeunsvlrsf1eet..odr8ufactpcyttmpehpdr.eeo. xianeilnmcTvodhaihirtiaoesomlsniemtntthhseeetranrrttmua,mnoosfmdeenrett2tvhe.eme2rs ehchaamuassmuv. iranaeinnngs