Document Rjd29ORQXxa4xbmwaod1VjQbn
AR226-1030A020B
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FINAL REPORT Epidemiology, 220-3W-05
Medical Department 3M Company
St. Paul. MN 55144
Date: March 19,2001
Title: Descriptive Summary of Serum Fluorochemical Levels among Employee Participants of the Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program
Study Start Date: March 1,2000
Protocol Number (not applicable) IRB Approval
Exempt Expedited X
ERB Approval Date: (not applicable as these data are from a medical surveillance program)
Principal Investigator:
Geary W. Olsen, D.V.M., Ph.D.1
Co-investigators:
Marie-Nolle Schmickler, M.D.2 Johan M. Tierens, M.S.2 Perry W. Logan, M.S.3 Jean M. Burris, R.N., M.P.H.1 Michele M. Burlew, M.S.1 James K. Lundberg, Ph.D.4 Jeffrey H. Mandel, M.D., M.P.H.1
Study Director:
Jeffrey H. Mandel, M.D., M.P.H.1
1. 3M Medical Department, 220-3W-05, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000 2. 3M Antwerp Plant, Canadastraat 11, Haven 1005,2070 Zwijndrecht, Belgium 2. 3M Decatur, EHS&R, P.O. Box 2206, Decatur, Alabama 35609-2206 4. 3M Environmental Laboratory, 2-3E-01, St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
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ABSTRACT
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Serum fluorochemical levels were measured for 258 Antwerp chemical plant,
laboratory and administrative employees during the year 2000 fluorochemical medical
surveillance program. Overall, the geometric mean (95% confidence interval in
parenthesis) for perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was 0.44 ppm (95% Cl 0.38-0.51) and
for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was 0.33 ppm (95% Cl 0.27-0.40). An analysis of these
self-reported data of the workplace questionnaire in conjunction with the employees'
serum fluorochemical levels suggested that the greatest potential for workplace exposure
to POSF-based chemicals occurred in Building 03 and to perfluorooctanoic acid in the
glass unit in Building 16. For example, Building 03 operators had a geometric mean
serum PFOS level of 1.66 ppm (1.40-1.97 ppm) and a geometric mean serum PFOA level
of 1.55 ppm (1.46-1.73 ppm). There were three employees whose serum PFOA levels
exceeded the 3M Biological Limit Value (BLV) of 5 ppm (range 5.15 - 7.04 ppm).
These three individuals often worked as shift operators in the Building 16 glass unit. The
next four highest serum PFOA levels were also for individuals who were shift operators
in Building 16, but only one of these employees self-reported that he often worked in the
glass unit area. Administrative and laboratory workplace areas resulted in geometric
mean employee serum PFOS and PFOA levels (< 0.5 ppm, on average) that were lower
than those observed in the production areas.
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INTRODUCTION
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The 3M Antwerp fluorochemical medical surveillance program is conducted on a
biennial basis. Prior to 1995, total organic fluorine was measured. Serum
perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were assayed in 1995
and 1997 at the Antwerp facility (Olsen et al, 1999). Provided below is a brief
description of the 3M Antwerp manufacturing facility.
Antwerp Manufacturing Facility Fluorochemical production at the 3M Antwerp manufacturing facility occurs
primarily in three buildings: Buildings 03,16 and 32. Building 02 is the warehouse. Building 04 is the plant maintenance department. Building 01 includes administrative offices and laboratories. At the time of the surveillance exams, the approximate number of production employees included: Building 03 (N = 70); Building 16 (N = 30); Building 02 (N = 22); Building 04 (N = 30) and Fluorel (including operations in Buildings 03 and 32; N = 34). Most production employees work in an 8 hour, 4 crew shift system.
Several products are manufactured in Building 03. Three product groups can be distinguished:non-fluorochemical, fluorochemical and synthetic fluoroelastomers. Non fluorochemical production involves primarily batch processes located in the old part of the building. These process include 1) fenol resins; 2) acrylate polymers and adhesives; 3) polyurethane polymers; and 4) acrylates. Fluorochemical production primarily involves batch processes located in the new part of the building. All of these products have perfluoroctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF) as a starting material. The sulfonyl group of POSF is a reactive group that is reacted to fluorochemical amines and
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then further to other fluorochemcials including alcohols and acrylates. Within the fluorochemical production are intermediate products, end products, inerts and surface active productions (one of which is a purification process for PFOA, another is the flaker process in which fluorochemical polyacrylates based on POSF are being flaked.) Other fluorochemical products are foam extinguishing agents. Synthetic fluoroelastomers (called Fluorel rubbers) are semi-batch processes. The Fluorel rubber is a fluorinated elastomer based on hexafluoropropylene (HFP) and vinylidenefluoride (VF2).
Building 16 primarily manufactures base products for fluorochemicals (PFOS and PFOA). Besides these main end products, there are manufactured side streams (inerts) which are purified to commercial grade products. In the manufacturing of base products for fluorochemicals, two main processes can be distinguished: 1) continuous water chlorination in which mercaptans are modified to sulfonylchlorides; and 2) hydrogen fluoride (HF) electroperfluorination. The latter is an electrochemical perfluoroination process that takes place in anydrous HF. Within the HF electroperfluorination there are two product groups: a) perfluorosulfonylfluorides; and b) perfluorooctanoic acid. Some of the perfluorooctanoic acid is extra purified in Building 03 and further purified and reacted in Building 16 to ammonium perfluoroocatanoate. This is done in the glass unit in a separate section of the building.
In Building 32, the Fluorel rubbers are further treated on a rubber mill (calander). Additives are added and blended on the mill. This process was formerly only done in one section of the warehouse (Building 02) where the old mill is still operational.
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Study Purpose The purpose of this report is to provide the results from the year 2000 Antwerp
fluorochemical medical surveillance program. Observations are reported in relation to some of the above Buildings and production processes.
METHODS The fluorochemical medical surveillance program is available, on a voluntary
basis, to 3M Antwerp production, warehouse, maintenance, research and administrative employees. Approximately 340 employees were eligible to participate; 258 (75%) chemical plant and site employees participated. In addition to the fluorochemical testing program, a standard battery of clinical chemistry and pulmonary function tests were performed on employees along with a brief medical history questionnaire. A group analysis of the clinical data will be reported in conjunction with employee data from the Decatur manufacturing plant's fluorochemical medical surveillance program that was also completed in 2000. This report focuses solely on the employees' serum fluorochemical levels in relation to self-reported responses from a work history questionnaire (see Appendix A) that was administered at the time of the blood collection in the Spring, 2000.
Sera samples were extracted using an ion-pairing extraction procedure. The extracts were quantitatively analyzed for PFOS (perfluorooctanesulfonate), PFOA (perfluorooctanoate), PFHS (perfluorohexanesulfonate), PFOSAA (N-ethyl perfluorodctanesulfonamidoacetate), M570 (N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetate), PFOSA (perfluorooctanesulfonateamide) and M556
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(perfluorooctariesulfonamidoacetate) using high-pressure liquid
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chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESMSMS) and
evaluated versus an extracted curve from a human serum matrix. Endogenous levels of
certain fluorochemicals were determined in the standard serum matrix and additional
fluorochemical was spiked into the matrix. The total amount of each specific
fluorochemical (endogenous + spiked) was used to construct an extracted standard curve.
All serum fluorochemical analyses were determined by Northwest Bioanaltyical
Laboratory Inc. (Salt Lake City, UT).
Employee work history questionnaire data were computerized. Because of the
inconsistency of responses to some of the historical questions, the analyses in this report
focused on the employees' answers to questions 2, 3, 5 ,6 ,7 , 8,9 and 10 (see Appendix
A).
Because the serum distributions for PFOS, PFHS, PFOA, PFOSAA, M570,
PFOSA and M556 appeared log normally distributed (see Figures 1 and 2 for PFOS and
PFOA), natural log transformations of the fluorochemicals were performed to calculate
geometric means [e(sumtax)/n)] and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for the
geometric mean. The random variable X is said to have a log normal distribution if log X
is normally distributed, that is, if X is of the form eYwhere Y is normal (i.e., the normal
bell shaped curve). The pertinent properties of a log normal distribution can then be
derived from properties of the normal distribution. The mean and variance are of the
normally distributed Y, that is, of log X.
Aff employee serum values for PFOS and PFOA were above the respective lower
limit of quantitation (LLOQ). There was one employee with a PFHS value below the
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LLOQ (0.0027 ppm) and one employee with a M570 below the LLOQ (0.0057 ppm). There were 111 employees with PFOSAA values below the LLOQ (0.006 ppm); 88 employees were below the LLOQ (0.001 ppm) for PFOSA; and 13 employees were below the LLOQ (0.0043 ppm) for M556.. For statistical purposes, serum fluorochemical values that were less than the LLOQ were assumed to be at the midpoint between zero and the LLOQ. Therefore, for those employees with serum values reported at the LLOQ for PFHS, M570, PFOSAA, PFOSA and M556, they were assigned for calculations in this report the values of 0.00135 ppm, 0.00285 ppm, 0.003 ppm, 0.0005 ppm and 0.00215 ppm, respectively. All fluorochemical measurements were reported in parts per million (ppm) to the second decimal point (or to the 3rd or 4th decimal point if the LLOQ was at the 3rd decimal point).
RESULTS Provided in Table 1 are the demographic characteristics of the 258 Antwerp
employees who participated in the year 2000 fluorochemical medical surveillance program. Eighty-one percent were males. Regardless of gender, the average years worked was 12 years.
The arithmetic mean, range, geometric mean and 95% confidence interval of the geometric mean of the serum fluorochemical levels for all Antwerp employees participating is shown in Table 2. The arithmetic mean was generally twice as high as the geometric mean. The highest serum PFOS value measured was 6.24 ppm. The highest srum PFOA value measured was 7.04 ppm.
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Presented in Tables 3 and 4 are the serum fluorochemical levels by production, maintenance, warehouse, administration and laboratory areas. Results are analyzed for those employees who self-reported that they solely worked in these areas; thus there is minimum amount of current workplace crossover experience presented in these data. It is possible that these workers may have prior experience in other areas. Working in Building 03 provided, in general, the highest employee serum levels for PFOS, PFHS, PFOSAA, M570 and M556. Working in Building 16 had comparable serum PFOA levels to employees who worked in the new section in Building 03. Fluorel workers, maintenance employees, laboratory QA and RD workers and administrative workers had lower serum fluorochemical levels. It should be noted that Laboratory QA workers, on average, had higher serum fluorochemical levels than laboratory R&D workers.
Analysis of serum fluorochemical levels by job type (Building 03 operator, fluorel operator, Building 16 operator or Building 02 warehouseman) provided similar results (Table 5) to those observed by department analyses (Tables 3 and 4). The analysis of maintenance workers showed higher serum fluorochemical levels, on average, for mechanics than electricians or boiler operators (Table 6). Geometric mean PFOS and PFOA levels were higher for process engineers than non process engineers (Table 7). Supervisors had two-fold and higher serum PFOS and PFOA levels compared to managers.
The analysis of those employees who reported that they worked > 50% or 30-50% of their time in Building 03 production areas showed that the higher serum PFOS and PFOA levels were among those employees who worked 50% or more time in the FC alcohol, internal chemical and flaker areas compared to those who worked in ground
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floor drumming and fluorel (Table 8). Similar results were observed for PFHS, PFOSAA, M570 and M556. Analyses were not shown for those employees who self reported they worked <30% time in a given area as these individuals may have had higher serum fluorochemical levels as a consequence of their other assignments (those that made up 70% of their time). Provided in Table 9 are the self-reported results for those employees who worked in Building 16. Building 16 employees who did not work in the glass unit had much lower serum PFOA levels (geometric mean 0.59 ppm) than shift operators who often worked on the glass unit (geometric mean 4.71 ppm) or for shift operators who sometimes worked in the glass unit (geometric mean 1.65 ppm). However, all employees in Building 16 had comparable serum PFOS levels.
Restricting the analysis to those employees who had the greatest potential for workplace fluorochemical exposure (Building 03 and 16 operators, fluorel operators and waste treatment operators), a negative association was not observed between serum fluorochemical levels and frequency of laundering clothes (Table 10) or taking showers at the workplace after work (Table 11).
DISCUSSION The year 2000 Antwerp fluorochemical medical surveillance program had the
greatest number and highest percentage of employee participants in the history of the program at Antwerp. An analysis of the self-reported results from a workplace questionnaire in conjunction with the employees serum fluorochemical levels provided strong evidence that the greatest potential for workplace exposure to POSF-based chemicals at Antwerp occurs in Building 03. For perfluorooctanoic acid, the greatest
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potential occurs in the glass unit in Building 16. Administrative and laboratory workplace areas resulted in serum PFOS and PFOA levels that were lower than those observed in the production areas.
There were three employees who had serum PFOA levels greater than the 5 ppm Biological Limit Value (BLV) that was established by the 3M Exposure Guideline committee in 2000. The highest value was 7.04 ppm. These three employees self reported that they often worked as shift operators in the glass unit area in Building 16. Employees with the next 4 highest serum PFOA levels (range 3.65-4.19 ppm) also worked as shift operators in Building 16 but only one self-reported that he often worked in the glass unit.
Prior to the initiation of the year 2000 Antwerp fluorochemical medical surveillance program, there were employee communication meetings regarding the toxicology of perfluorooctanyl chemistry and industrial hygiene findings and recommendations. Employees who participated in the year 2000 fluorochemical medical surveillance program received a personal letter which provided them their individual results for the 7 fluorochemicals measured. Group employee communications occurred in January and February, 2001 where the analyses, described in this report, were presented. Industrial hygiene sampling data were also discussed.
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REFERENCES
Olsen GW, Burris JM, Mandel JH, Zobel LR (1999). Serum perfluorooctane sulfonate and hepatic and lipid clinical chemistry tests in fluorochemcial production employees. JOEM 41(9):799-806.
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Figure 1 Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance
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Figure 2. Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Number of Employees (N = 258) by Serum PFOA Levels (ppm)
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TABLE 1
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Demographics of Antwerp Employees who Participated and Self-Rpoerted this Information in theYear 2000 Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program
Gender
Age (years)
Average Years Worked
Work Schedule 4 Shift System (4-ploegensysteem)
Daily (dagdienst)
Relief
QA 5 Shift System (QA 5-ploegensysteem)
Did not schedule
Males 209 (81%)
37.3 12.7
101 (100%)
88 (65%)
6 (100%) 7 (88%)
7 (100%)
Females 49 (19%) 35.8 12.3
0 (0%)
48 (35%)
0 (0%) 1 (12%)
0 (0%)
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TABLE 2
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Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program
Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Interval of Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
N = 258 Employees
Fluorochemical \ PFOS PFOA PFHS PFOSAA M570 PFOSA M556
Arithmetic Mean 0.80 0.84 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.001 0.03
Range 0.04-6.24 0.01-7.04 0.001 -1.43 0.003-0.14 0.003 -1.06 0.0005-0.008 0.002 - 0.48
Geometric Mean 0.44 0.33 0.07 0.009 0.06 0.0007 0.01
95% Confidence Interval 0.38-0.51 0.27 - 0.40 0.06 - 0.08 0.008-0.01 0.05-0.07
0.0007 - 0.0008 0.0009-0.01
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TABLE 3 Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program
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Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals of Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Production and Maintenance Operations
\
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Building 3 (Both Sections)
Gebouw 03 (beide gedeelten)
N = 24
Building 3 Old Section Gebouw 03 Oud gedeelte
N=8
Building 3 New Section Gebouw 03 Nieuw gedeelte
N = 17
Building 16 Gebouw 16
N = 27
1.29 0.29-2.46
1.11 0.86-1.43
1.85 0.57-3.25
1.68 1.16-2.41
2.48 0.04-6.24
2.14 1.58-2.88
0.54 0.21 - 1.37
0.49 0.42-0.59
1.32 0.32-1.83
1.22 1.11 - 1.48
1.34 0.40-1.89
1.23 1.03-1.75
2.05 0.79 -359
1.93 1.75-2.32
2.56 0.10-7.04
1.93 1.62-2.73
0.26 0.02-0.76
0.20 0.14-0.28
0.38 0.07-0.75
0.28 0.15-0.54
0.47 0.03-1.37
0.35 0.22-0.55
0.27 0.03-0.90
0.16 0.10-0.25
0.03 0.003 - 0.07
0.03 0.02-0.04
0.04 0.01-0.05
0.04 0.03-0.05
0.05 0.03-0.12
0.05 0.04 - 0.06
0.009 0.003-0.11
0.004 0.003-0.006
Fluorel N = 20
Maintenance Onderhoudsafdeling
N = 22
0.51 0.11 - 1.21
0.43 0.32-0.57
0.73 0.06-1.90
0.53 0.36 - 0.79
0.63 0.03-2.32
0.41 0.32-0.69
0.64 0.02-2.37
0.40 0.31-0.68
0.08 0.009 - 0.48
0.06 0.03 - 0.07
0.11 0.004 - 0.39
0.06 0.03-0.10
0.04 0.003 -0.14
0.02 0.01-0.04
0.01 0.003 - 0.048
0.01 0.007 - 0.02
TABLE 3 (continued)
M570
Arithmetic Mean
Range
\
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.38 0.02 - 0.76
0.30 0.20 - 0.45
0.43 0.09-0.59
0.38 0.25-0.59
0.53 0.30-1.06
0.51 0.43-0.59
0.002
0.002
0.0005 - 0.006 0.0005-0.004
0.001 0.001-0.002
0.002 0.001-0.003
0.003 0.0005-0.007
0.003 0.002-0.004
0.09 0.002-0.17
0.06 0.04-0.10
0.11 0.01-0.18
0.08 0.04-0.16
0.16 0.06-0.48
0.14 0.11-0.18
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0.06 0.01-0.42
0.03 0.02-0.04
0.07 0.01 -0.14
0.06 0.04-0.08
0.14 0.01-0.50
0.10 0.07-0.14
0.0006
0.002
0.0005-0.001 0.0005-0.008
0.0005
0.001
0.0005-0.0006 0.0007 - 0.002
0.0006 0.0005 - 0.002
0.0006 0.0004 - 0.0007
0.01 0.002-0.08
0.004 0.003-0.007
0.01 0.002-0.05
0.01 0.007-0.02
0.03 0.002 - 0.07
0.02 0.01-0.02
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TABLE 4
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Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals of Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Warehouse, Administrative and Laboratory Operations
V
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Building 2 Warehouse Gebouw 02 Magazijn
N = 20
1.19 0.13-4.13
0.78 0.50-1.23
0.3 0.05-0.66
0.26 0.22-0.38
0.25 0.007-1.43
0.13 0.07 - 0.24
0.03 0.003 - 0.07
0.02 0.01-0.03
Administrative Administratie
N = 46
0.24 0.04-1.76
0.15 0.12-0.19
0.15 ' 0.01-1.78
0.05 0.04 - 0.07
0.04 0.001-0.39
0.02 0.01-0.03
0.005 0.003 - 0.06
0.004 0.003 - 0.004
Laboratory QA Laboratorium QA
N = 17
0.45 0.10-1.74
0.37 0.28-0.49
0.51 0.07-1.39
0.38 0.30-0.57
0.09 0.01-0.35
0.07 0.04-0.10
0.01 0.003 - 0.03
0.008 0.006-0.01
Laboratory R&D Laboratorium R&D
N = 23
0.29 0.07-1.28
0.21 0.15-0.30
0.16 0.02-0.85
0.10 0.08-0.15
0.07 0.003-0.35
0.04 0.02 - 0.06
0.006 0.003 - 0.06
0.004 0.003 - 0.005
M570 Arithmetic Mean Range\
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 9 5 % C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
TABLE 4 (continued)
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0.16 0.04-0.41
0.13 0.09-0.18
0.0005 0.0005-0.001
0.0005 0.0004 - 0.0006
0.03 0.005-0.09
0.02 0.02-0.03
0.03 0.007 - 0.57
0.02 0.01-0.02
0.0006 0.0005 - 0.005
0.0005 0.0005-0.0006
0.01 0.002-0.26
0.003 0.003 - 0.004
0.07 0.02-0.22
0.05 0.04-0.08
0.0005 0.0005-0.0005
0.0005 0.0005-0.0005
0.01 0.002-0.04
0.008 0.005-0.01
0.03 0.003 - 0.09
0.02 0.02 - 0.03
0.0006 0.0005 - 0.002
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.005 0.002 - 0.02
0.004 0.003 - 0.005
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TABLE 5
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Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals o f Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Production and Warehouse Jobs (as self-reported on quesitonnaire)
\
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Building 3 Operator Gebouw 03 Operator (incl chief) N = 45
1.92 0.40 - 6.24
1.66 1.40-1.97
1.65 0.40-3.59
1.55 1.46-1.73
0.37 0.03-1.37
0.27 0.21-0.36
0.04 0.003 - 0.11
0.04 0.03 - 0.05
Fluorel Operator N = 17
0.56 0.16-1.21
0.51 0.41-0.64
0.73 0.06-2.32
0.59 0.50-0.86
0.09 0.01-0.48
0.06 0.04-0.09
0.04 0.003-0.14
0.03 0.02 - 0.05
Building 16 Operator
Gebouw 16 Operator N = 25
0.55 0.21-1.37
0.49 0.41 -0.59
2.69 0.10-7.04
2.07 1.73-2.96
0.28 0.03-0.90
0.16 0.10-0.25
0.009 0.003-0.11
0.004 0.002 - 0.006
Building 2 Warehouseman
Gebouw 02 Magazijnier
N = 16
1.43 0.18-4.13
1.10 0.74-1.63
0.39 0.05-0.66
0.35 0.30-0.47
0.30 0.02-1.43
0.20 0.12-0.32
0.03 0.008-0.07
0.03 0.02 - 0.04
M570 Arithmetic Mean Range \
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
TABLE 5 (continued)
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0.47 0.02-1.06
0.42 0.35-0.51
0.003 0.0005-0.007
0.002 0.001 -0.003
0.12 0.002-0.48
0.10 0.08-0.13
0.08 0.02-0.14
0.07 0.06-0.09
0.002 0.0005-0.008
0.001 0.0008 - 0.002
0.02 0.002-0.05
0.01 0.009 - 0.02
0.06 0.01-0.42
0.03 0.02-0.04
0.0005 0.0005-0.001
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.01 0.002 - 0.08
0.005 0.003 - 0.007
0.19 0.04-0.41
0.16 0.12-0.22
0.0005 0.0005-0.001
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.04 0.005-0.09
0.03 0.02 - 0.04
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TABLE
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Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals o f Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Maintenance Workers
\
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Mechanic Mekanicien
N = 10
1.50 0.39-4.86
1.19 0.77-1.84
1.24 0.36-3.33
0.98 0.78-1.54
0.26 0.03-0.97
0.17 0.09-0.32
0.03 0.009 - 0.05
0.02 0.01-0.03
Electrician Electricien
N=9
0.53 0.29-1.06
0.47 0.33-0.67
0.47 0.13-0.95
0.38 0.30 - 0.63
0.07 0.02 - 0.22
0.05 0.03 - 0.09
0.01 0.003 - 0.02
0.009 0.006-0.01
Boiler Operator Boiler Operator
N=2
0.33 0.20 - 0.46
0.30 0.13-0.70
0.21 0.21-0.21
0.21 0.21-0.22
0.05 0.01-0.08
0.03 0.004-0.23
0.008 0.007 - 0.009
0.008 0.007-0.01
M570 Arithmetic Mean Range \
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
TABLE 6 (continued)
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3M Company Page 23 of 36
0.25 0.07-0.54
0.21 0.14-0.32
0.0009 0.0005 - 0.002
0.0007 0.0004-0.001
0.05 0.008-0.14
0.03 0.02-0.06
0.11 0.04-0.31
0.09 0.05-0.15
0.0006 0.0005-0.001
0.0006 0.0004-0.0007
0.02 0.005-0.06
0.01 0.008-0.03
0.07 0.05-0.08
0.07 0.04-0.11
0.0005 0.0005-0.0005
0.0005 0.0005-0.0005
0.008 0.007-0.009
0.008 0.006-0.01
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TABLE 7
3M Company Page 24 of 36
Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals o f Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Engineers, Laboratory Workers and Administrators
\
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Administration Process Engineer
Administratie Procs Ingenieur
N = 11
0.32 0.07 - 0.62
Administration Not Process Engineer
Administratie Niet Procs Ingenieur
N = 39
Laboratory QC/QA Laboratorium QC/QA
N = 17
Laboratory R&D Laboratorium R&D
N = 20
0.20 0.04-1.76
0.45 0.10-1.74
0.32 0.04-1.28
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
0.26 0.17-0.40
0.38 0.04-1.78
0.12 0.10-0.16
0.10 0.01-1.78
0.38 0.28-0.50
0:50 0.07-1.39
0.22 0.15-0.33
0.17 0.02-0.85
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
0.23 0.17-0.44
0.04 0.005-0.08
0.04 0.03-0.05
0.03 0.001-0.39
0.36 0.29-0.56
0.08 0.01-0.36
0.11 0.09-0.17
0.08 - 0.003-0.35
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
0.03 0.02-0.05
0.007 0.003 - 0.02
0.01 0.009-0.02
0.005 0.003-0.06
0.06 0.04-0.09
0.01 0.003 - 0.03
0.04 0.02-0.07
0.006 0.003-0.06
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.006 0.004 - 0.008
0.004 0.003 - 0.005
0.009 0.006-0.01
0.004 0.003 - 0.005
Supervisor Supervisie
N = 11
0.72 0.09-1.97
0.53 0.31-0.90
0.66 0.04-1.83
0.42 0.30-0.82
0.20 0.02 - 0.45
0.13 0.07 - 0.25
0.01 0.003 - 0.03
0.009 0.005-0.01
Management N = 11
0.34 0.10-1.40
0.24 0.15-0.39
0.13 0.02-0.46
0.09 0.06-0.15
0.09 0.007 - 0.16
0.06 0.04-0.12
0.004 0.003-0.01
0.004 0.003-0.005
TABLE 7 (continued)
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3M Company Page 25 of 36
M570
Arithmetic Mean
Range
\
0.06 0.02-0.21
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
0.04 0.03-0.07
0.0005 0.0005-0.001
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.01 0.002 - 0.05
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.007 0.004-0.01
0.04 0.003-0.57
0.02 0.01 -0.02
0.0006 0.0005-0.005
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.01 0.002 - 0.26
0.003 0.003-0.005
0.07 0.02 - 0.22
0.06 0.04-0.08
0.0005 0.0005-0.005
0.0005 0.0005-0.0005
0.01 0.002-0.04
0.008 0.006-0.01
0.03 0.008 - 0.09
0.03 0.02 - 0.03
0.11 0.008-0.38
0.05 0.02-0.12
0.03 0.007-0.15
0.02 0.01 -0.03
0.0006 0.0005-0.002
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0006
0.0006
0.0005
0.0005-0.001 0.0005 - 0.000
0.0005
0.0005
0.0005 - 0.0006 0.0005 - 0.000
0.0005 0.002-0.02
0.004 0.003 - 0.006
0.02 0.002-0.007
0.009 0.004 - 0.02
0.005 0.002 - 0.02
0.003 0.002 - 0.005
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TABLE 8
3M Company
Page 26 of 36
Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program
Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals of Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
For Employees who Self-reported > 50% and 30% - 50% Time in Building 3 Production Areas
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
FC Alcohol
s> 50%
30%-50%
N = 18
N = 14
2.37 0.25-6.24
1.71 0.40-4.86
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
1.94 1.37-2.75
1.89 0.15-3.59
1.47 1.07-2.03
1.54 0.79-3.33
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
1.56 1.07-2.27
0.47 0.03-1.37
1.46 1.20-1.76
0.29 0.03-0.97
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
0.36 0.23-0.55
0.05 0.006-0.12
0.20 0.12-0.34
0.04 0.02-0.06
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M570 Arithmetic Mean Range
0.04 0.03-0.06
0.51 0.03 -1.06
0.04 0.03-0.04
0.44 0.18-0.67
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.43 0.30-0.62
0.42 0.35-0.51
Internal Chemical
>50%
30%-50%
N = 11
N = 13
Flaker
>50%
30%-50%
N=2
N=5
Ground Floor Drumming
>50%
30% - 50%
N =6
N = 10
Fluorel
>50%
30%-50%
N=3
N=3
1.86 1.13-3.25
1.73 1.37-2.19
1.50 0.25-4.86
1.16 0.76 -1.77
1.96 1.64-2.27
1.93 1.40-7.21
1.55 0.65-2.26
1.44 0.95-2.98
1.28 0.44-2.46
1.07 0.62-1.24
1.25 0.72-1.72
1.22 1.03-1.82
0.54 0.37-0.71
0.52 0.36-0.76
0.56 0.16-1.21
0.40 0.12-1.30
1.50 0.97-1.90
1.47 1.29-1.68
1.28 0.15-3.33
1.00 0.63-1.59
1.58 1.51-1.66
1.58 1.43-1.74
1.58 1.18-2.24
1.54 1.23-1.93
1.23 0.42-1.64
1.13 0.75-1.70
1.39 1.08-1.64
1.38 1.24-1.53
1.18 0.52-2.32
0.94 0.38-2.36
0.50 0.05-1.03
0.29 0.05-1.62
0.38 0.08-0.74
0.31 0.20-0.49
0.26 0.03-0.97
0.17 0.10-0.29
0.42 0.42-'0.43
0.42 0.42-0.43
0.24 0.11-0.50
0.21 0.13-0.34
0.26 0.04-0.52
0.19 0.08-0.42
0.21 0.08-0.36
0.19 0.13-0.26
0.10 0.04-0.15
0.09 0.04-0.19
0.17 0.01-0.48
0.06 0.007 - 0.50
0.04 0.02-0.06
0.04 0.03-0.05
0.03 0.006 - 0.05
0.03 0.02-0.04
0.03 0.03-0.03
0.03 0.02-0.04
0.05 0.03-0.07
0.04 0.03-0.07
0.03 0.003-0.06
0.02 0.01-0.06
0.04 0.02-0.07
0.04 0.03-0.05
0.02 0.006 - 0.04
0.02 0.006 - 0.06
0.06 0.003-0.14
0.02 0.002 - 0.21
0.43 0.18-0.59
0.41 0.37-0.50
0.39 0.03-0.58
0.32 0.20-0.51
0.44 0.32 -0 .56
0.42 0.24-0.75
0.55 0.40-0.76
0.53 0.41-0.69
0.33 0.02-0.52
0.21 0.07-0.62
0.46 0.36-0.76
0.45 0.39-0.52
0.07 0.03-0.10
0.06 0.03-0.12
0.07 0.02-0.14
0.06 0.02-0.18
Table 8 (continued)
PFOSA
Arithmetic Mean
0.003
Range
0.0005 - 0.007
0.003 0.0005 - 0.006
0.002 0.001 - 0.003
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
0.003 0.C>02- 0.004
0.15 0.006 - 0.48
0.002 0.002 - 0.003
0.10 0.04-0.16
0.002 0.002 - 0.003
0.11 0.04-0.18
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.12 0.08-0.18
0.10 0.08-0.12
0.10 0.07-0.14
0.002
0.002
0.0005 - 0.006 0.002 - 0.003
0.002 0.001-0.003
0.002 0.001-0.004
0.09 0.006 - 0.16
0.07 0.04-0.11
0.11 0.08-0.14
0.10 0.006-0.19
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3M Company Page 27 of 36
0.003
0.002
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.001-0.004 0.0005 - 0.004 0.0005 - 0.006 0.0005 - 0.002 0.0005 - 0.00
0.002
0.001
0.002
0.0008
0.001
0.001-0.003 0.0007 - 0.003 0.001 - 0.003 0.0002 - 0.002 0.0002 - 0.00
0.15 0.08-0.21
0.14 0.10-0.20
0.07 0.002-0.13
0.04 0.01-0.14
0.09 0.006-0.17
0.09 0.07-0.12
0.01 0.006 - 0.02
0.01 0.006 - 0.03
0.002 0.002 - 0.05
0.01 0.002-0.06
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TABLE 9
3M Company Page 28 of 36
Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Arithmetic Mean, Range, Geometric Mean and 95% Confidence Intervals o f Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm)
for Building 16 Workers Who Were Shift Operators Working in the Glass Unit
s
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I. PFOSAA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Shift Operator Sometimes (soms)
N = 11
0.42 0.21-0.9
0.39 0.30-0.49
2.18 0.10-4.03
1.65 0.88-3.07
0.17 0.03-0.50
0.10 0.05-0.19
0.003 0.003 - 0.003
0.003 0.003 - 0.003
Shift Operator Often (vaak)
N=5
0.61 0.44-0.78
0.59 0.46-0.76
4.71 2.42-7.04
4.42 3.06-6.39
0.53 0.04-0.71
0.38 0.13-1.11
0.003 0.003-0.003
0.003 0.003 - 0.003
Day Operator Sometimes (soms)
N=0
-
-
-
-
_
-
-
` -
-
-'
-
Day Operator Often (vaak)
N= 3
0.82 0.45-1.37
0.73 0.38-1.42
2.64 0.78-4.19
2.13 0.76 - 5.95
0.36 0.25-0.45
0.35 0.25-0.50
0.04 0.003-0.11
0.01 0.0009-0.11
M570
Arithmetic Mean
Range
\
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOSA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
M556 Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
0.02 0.01-0.03
0.02 0.02-0.02
0.0005 0.0005-0.005
0.0005 0.0005 - 0.0005
0.03 0.002-0.01
0.003 0.002-0.004
TABLE 9 (continued)
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3M Company
Page 29 of 36
0.02 0.02-0.03
0.02 0.02-0.03
- 0.10 - 0.01 -0.26
_ 0.04 - 0.006-0.28
0.0005
_ 0.0008
0.0005-0.0005 - 0.0005-0.001
0.0005
_ 0.0007
0.0005 - 0.0005
0.0004-0.001
0.001
0.02
0.002 - 0.04 - 0.002-0.05
0.005
0.008
0.001-0.01 - 0.001-0.05
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TABLE 10
3M Company Page 30 of 36
Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm) by Frequency of Self-reported Laundered Clothes Among Building 3 and Building 16 Operators, Fluorel Operators and Waste Treatment Operators (N = 88)
\
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Daily (Dagelijks)
N = 18
0.84 0.21-2.46
0.64 0.45-0.91
1.85 0.10-4.19
1.32 0.81-2.14
0.33 0.03-0.90
0.20 0.11-0.36
Several Times Per Week
(Verschillende keren) N = 53
1.48 0.16-6.24
1.10 0.88-1.37
1.86 0.06-7.04
1.51 1.24-1.84
0.30 0.01-1.37
0.18 0.14-0.25
Weekly (Wekelijks)
N = 13
0.89 0.31 -2.28
0.71 0.49-1.04
1.26 0.42-4.03
1.00 0.69-1.46
0.15 0.02-0.48
0.09 0.05-0.16
Every Two Weeks (Om de twee weken)
N=4
1.39 0.90-1.92
1.31 0.87-1.97
1.83 1.20-3.27
1.68 1.06-2.66
0.33 0.09-0.52
0.27 0.12-0.59
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TABLE 11
3M Company Page 31 of 36
Year 2000 Antwerp Fluorochemical Medical Surveillance Program Serum Fluorochemical Levels (ppm) by Self-reported Frequency of Shower Activity After Work Among Building 3 and Building 16 Operators, Fluorel Operators and Waste Treatment Operators (N = 88)
PFOS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 9 5 % C.I.
PFOA Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
PFHS Arithmetic Mean Range
Geometric Mean 95% C.I.
Daily (Dagelijks)
N=3
1.42 0.95-2.28
1.30 0.75-2.28
1.19 1.14-1.24
1.19 1.14-1.25
0.13 0.09 - 0.20
0.13 0.08-0.20
Most of the Time (Meestal) N=9
1.68 0.39 - 6.24
1.04 0.53-2.02
1.77 0.45-4.19
1.40 0.82-2.29
0.37 0.03 - 1.37
0.18 0.07-0.45
Sometimes (Soms) N = 23
0.96 0.31-3.25
0.75 0.56-1.00
2.44 0.50-7.04
1.96 1.47-2.61
0.27 0.03 - 0.90
0.16 0.10-0.26
Never (Nooit) N =53
1.32 0.16-3.79
0.99 0.79-1.24
1.50 0.05-3.65
1.21 0.97-1.51
0.29 0.01-0.82
0.18 0.13-0.24
APPENDIX A
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DEEL I (Part I): ALGEMENTE WERKACHTERGROND/INFORMATIE (Present Information)
1. Hoe lang werkt u reeds bij 3M? (How long have you already worked at 3M?)
Aantal jaar (number of years): Datum van indiensttreding: (when did you start working):
2. Hoe regelmatig ververst u uw werkkledij? (How frequently do you wear freshly laundered clothes?)
A. Dagelijks (daily) B. Verschillende keren per week (several times per week) C. Wekelijks (weekly) D. Om de twee weken (every two weeks) E. Andere (other)
'
3. Hoe regelmatig neemt u, op het werk, een douche na de dagtaak? (How frequently do you take at work a shower after work?)
A. Nooit (never) B. Soms (eerder uitzondering) sometimes (rather as an exception) C. Meestal (eerder bij uitzondering niet) most of the time (rather as an exception not) D. Altijd (dagelijks) always (daily)
4. Heeft u ooit langer dan 2 weken gewerkt in de volgende afdelingen? Meerdere
antwoorden mogelijk. (Have you ever worked longer than 2 weeks in the following
departments? Mark all that apply.)
(How many yrs?) Last year?
A. Gebouw 02 magazijn (Bldg 2 warehouse)
Hoeveeljaar?
Laatstejaar?
B. Gebouw 03 oud gedeelte (Bldg 3 old section)
"
"
C. Gebouw 03 nieuw gedeelte (Bldg 3 new section)
"
"
D. Fluorel (Fluorel)
""
E. Onderhoudsafdeling (Maintenance)
"
"
F. Administratie (Administration)
""
G. Laboratorium QA (QA Laboratory)
"
"
H. Laboratorium R&D (R&D Laboratory)
"
"
I. Gebouw 16 (Bldg 16)
" "
J. Afvalwaterbehandeling (wastewater)
"
"
K. Andere (Other)
""
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3M Company Page 34 of 36
5. Wat is uw normaal werkschema (binnen uw huidige functie)? [What is your normal workweek (within your current function)?]
A. 4-ploegensysteem (4 shift system) B. Dagdienst (days only) C. Relief (relief) D. QA 5-ploegensysteem (QA 5 shift system) E. Andere (Other)
DEEL II (Part II): HUIDIGE FUNCTIE (Current Function)
6. In welke afdeling werkt u momenteel? (In which department do you work now?)
A. Gebouw 02 magazijn (Bldg 2 warehouse) B. Gebouw 03 oud gedeelte (Bldg 3 old section) C. Gebouw 03 nieuw gedeelte (Bldg 3 new section) D. Fluorei (Dyneon) (Fluorei, Dyneon) E. Onderhoudsafdeling (Maintenance) F. Administratie (Administration) G. Laboratorium QA (QA Laboratory) H. Laboratorium R&D (R&D Laboratory) ' I. Gebouw 16 (Bldg 16) J. Afvalwaterbehandeling (Wastewater) K. Andere (Other)
7. Welke is uw huidige functie of welke omschrijving geeft best uw huidige functie weer? (What is your peresent job and which description best fits your present job?)
A. Administratie - proces ingenieur (Administration - process engineer) B. Administratie (niet proces ingenieur) (Administration - not process engineer) C. Laborant QC/QA (QA/QC Laboratory worker) D. Laboratorium R&D (R&D Laboratory) E. Gebouw 03 operator (incl. Chief) (Bldg 3 operator (including Chief) F. Fluorel operator (Fluorel operator) G. Gebouw 16 operator (Building 16 operator) H. Afvalwater behandeling operator (Wastetreatment plant operator) I. Gebouw 02 magazijnier (Building 2 warehouseman) J. Gebouw 02 inpak operator (Building 2 package operator) K. Supervisie (Supervisor) L. Management (Management) M. Mekapicien (Mechanic) N. Electficien (Electrician) O. Boiler operator (Boiler operator) P. Andere (Other)
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8. In welk jaar startte u in deze functie? (In which year did you begin this current work?) Hoelang werkt u reeds in deze huidige functie? (How long have you already worked in this function?)
9. Indien u in uw huidige job in Gebouw 03 werkt, gelieve aan te duiden hoeveel van uw tijd u (naar schatting) met volgende uitrusting werkt? (If you are presently working in Building 3, please indicate how much of your time is dedicated to working with the following equipment?)
A. FC alcohol/monomer >50%
B. Internal chemicals
"
C. Flaker
"
D. Gelijkvloers/drumactiviteiten
(Ground floor drumming) "
E. Supervisie activiteiten
(Supervisory activities)
"
F. Chief-activiteiten
(Chief activities)
"
G. Fluorel
"
30-50% " "
"
"
" "
<30% " "
niet (none) " "
""
" "
"" ""
10. Indien u in uw huidgie job in Gebouw 16 werkt, in welke mate werkt u dan met de glazen unit? (If you are presently working in Building 16, to what extent are you working in the glass unit?)
A. Niet (none) B. Als shiftoperator: soms (as shift operator: sometimes) C. Als shiftoperator: vaak (as shift operator: often) D. Als dagoperator: soms (as day operator: sometimes) E. Als dagoperator: vaak (as day operator: often)
DEEL IE (Part ffl): FUNCTIE DIE U HET LANGST HEEFT UTTGEOEFEND (Function that you have worked the longest)
11. In welke afdeling heeft u het langst gewerkt? (In which department have you worked the longest?) A. Gebouw 02 magazijn (Bldg 2 warehouse) B. Gebouw 03 oud gedeelte (Bldg 3 old section) C. Gebouw 03 nieuw gedeelte (Bldg 3 new section) D. Fluorel (Dyneon) (Fluorel, Dyneon) E. Onderhoudsafdeling (Maintenance) F. Administratie (Administration) G. Laboratorium QA (QA Laboratory) H. Laboratorium R&D (R&D Laboratory) I. Gebouw 16 (Bldg 16) J. Afvalwaterbehandeling (Wastewater) K. Andere (Other)
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12. In welk jaar startte u in de fimctie waarin u het langst gewerkt heeft? (In which year did you start the function in which you have worked the longest?) Hoelang heeft u in deze fimctie gewerkt? (How have you worked in this function?)
13. Wat was uw normaal werkschema in deze fimctie? (What was your normal work week in this function?)
A. 4-ploegenstysteem (4 shift system) B. Dagdienst (days only) C. Relief (relief) D. QA 5-ploegensysteem (QA 5 shift system) E. Andere (Other)
