Document RjKvkbbYrDdRDMe4pZL8nXXEX

.on tuu nii i uJ * it C J t'r'- c^ictvti A" of ibe possible hAKArd to Mftith CAUS*d by the rieae of eabvatoe fibres fro* eebestoe- ceaer.t pipes earner,,; drtnxing *our, the object of tne project eaa tc eataciieh '.i* Iim: of flora release Into vater flolr.g tr.ro .*-r. *:.aatoe-evmeht preeaura eires aa \<.e vaiar *aa c*6e lncra*lrg or* e;>eeloelly aggrtealve. yh-> VAEf 8ir.ce tr.e leet report (Serial Htaaber 1C18) tba pipe line oorroelw. teat rig baa been operated using vater vhlch oa first reduced in unit steps of pH value froa pH6 to pH3 bod ther. relied t^aln to pH6 in ur.lt steps. The filtered residue from each run hen been analysed for chrysotiia aabeatos by x-ray dlffractlai spectroscopy end etottle aoaorptlcr spectroscopy eith the ssaieter.-e sf TBA, Rochdale and TAF Asbestos Fibre Laboratory. The results fro* the teo snslyess base been taken to indicate the possible range of fibre concentrations in the eater. He results are listed in Tables 1 to 3 end trey shoe*. 1 An increase in fibre release se the pH of the vater vma progressively deoresssd fro* pH6 to pH3 2. An spproxiaately constant level of fihr* release ss the pB of the vater ves progressively rsissd free pH3 to pH6. corcmsiara 1. The fibre release for runs st pH6 to pH3 Increases by a factor of 3 to 1C epproxiaetely for eaob unit Aeoreset in pH value. 2. Fibre relsese remains approximately at the pH3 level ss the pH vslue of the eater is sgsin Increased fro* pH3 to pH6. 3. Tbs background level of fibre release fer clean Pipes carrying evaster at pK7 la extra polated to be leaa than tCC"55>/**gg//'gsle/l OCf 1 of V Alaseter pipe. attacked by veter of a ill still be an appreclabis'release of fibre even vhen the ester is ads lees aggressive. Coni/ }. , (v a crrr/Uiiso* or ?. natn.T rtor x-a nrrrucTJ'*.ko> Ann!: AKtreia; swcnoBcarr --------------------- Two aethoda eere used to llUiaU iy aaount of ohry'otlle In the raaldua oollweted by filtration. D* a**' Mptlcna of the proeeduroa for i-nj diffraction and a too la aMorptiai epeetroeeopy are a aita load la lapart Po. 2 (Serial o. 1019). Th.e eeeential dlffaraooo oatwoan tha too taohnlquaa la that i-ray dlffrec-.icn prow Idaa a dlraot aaaauro of tha chryaotlle froa ita oryetel structure oharaaa toalo absorption epeotroaeony > used to aaawura a eaccndary standard, tha esgneelt* oantant. to tharo aro othar snttrlele praaant In tha aahad raaldua which contain aagneelua aana account ount bo aada of thaaa whan relating the aaaraelua eantent to obrpaotllo aeaualnc 2L% aagneetea In '.ha fibre, tha aa^iaaloa resulting froa tha ashing of tha filter aoabranoe oaa daduetad froa tha total aagneeioa oentant. Thaaa aagneelua contanta ara girth in Toole 1. a further correct 1 cn ate aada for aagnealua anting froa tha aaoalta flbr and aaoastltlooa reelduaa iinaloi that tha raaldua on tha filter eeabrane had tha aaaa propertlsis of ooasnt ond fibre oo the original pipe. This la obviously only apprealaatalp true for aoot oaaao. Thaaa o orrooted walaaa for tho shnsotlle contanta froa atoale abaorptlon rpaatroaaopy aro eoanared with tha results froa a-rap dlffruotlm la Toblo I. Tho rooulte for tho poroontago af shrysotilo In tha raaldua froa bath cathode of analysis shoe a gaawrei inaraaaa In both tho properties of fibre la tho raaldua and also an aotaal lnoraaaa la tha aaount et fibre In tha raaldua ee tha oh of the enter In tha pipeline ana radneed (Table Id 11). This aaa tha axpaatad result froa olsual azaalnatloa of tha realdaa la tha filter asebraaeo, ohleh baaaaa aora flhroaa as tho pB oaa reduced to pSa and !*). Also Infra rad apeetru of aaall anaplaa of raaldua abeeeg tha praaanoa of aubatantlal aaeunto of flhro. Iran though tho results froa AM and *-rey dlffruotlca ahoa the aaaa tranda, the aarraatad nines froa AAS la all hut tuo aaaaa nr* higher than tha aguloalaat dawralaotloa by a-ray dlffraatlou. Tha glaarapanoy beteaan tha ratalta la thoaght to ho due ta tho Intrinsic differences eotoaaa tat too aathoda and partly uua to etperleental errors, to an approxlaatloi tha too Iowala haoc bean tahan aa. upper and lesar Halts. 0a.*/ 2 5. N*nr>*ni of tho oaloluo roloaoa providoa on Induction of Ua aipocUd llfo-tloo or if*o f*r a raaa *f -v - : *. Tho rMtlt* aonflra that fro; plot* aaj to uaod tn aatara atm a pH oal>io or t.C or noro. ('pprndU A) n-ar-ra riowr t. Tho Initial run at pH? aho-ild bo repeated :or o lonfor period of aevoral oeeka, boeauoe of tho loo rata of attack, (aoa p.5) .2 A oorloa of run* ahould bo coda ualn? aulptmrlo acid Incited of hydroehlorie acid aa tho ncutrellataf acid, ooononcin* at pH7 and andlne at pH3. (art p.1/5) t 4MUan fcf wr| diffraction (nriur ram + tr* rack dnrati^' #?*--' *'* ?.'"* tera* to to frao fnc loooo Mtcriol* (b) 1WH.LH n niM It i* ntMii rron tko rtnlti imj* in Table 1 rtf 1.-. rtitfu tl end Til tket once pip* hoe boan npoHt to ootor at loo pi TOluo of 3, Ikon tkore io o eaitlnuln* Mgb roloooo of flirt ton otn the pi of tka aatar 10 aIT*in reload. Tno aalooa of tka fibro roloooo ot pM>, pH) and p*6 for tka mu onrrioO out oftor tka pipo had boon axpoaod to ootor ot pU art of tka ohm order oo for oitoob ot plU. Tklo would oooa to bo due to tlo formation of o flbrouo sat on tka inoide of tka pipo to tho ooaont lo raooead duo to attook bp tka noidlo ootor. Ivon tkoufh tka ootor la ooilo loco ehaaioallp oureealvo, tka oookaalaol oetlon of tno ootor is aufMclent to rasoaa oobotostlal wantit lea of fibre. An noalaatlan too node of tka boro of tko pinto oftor the final ran ot pM. Tlo liner bora of tko plpo too oooorad oltk t fibrous not about 1.joo In depth. Cbonloal anal/olo okoood tklo to contain nly about IS* of taont. tt lo opponat that tko pipe antrU ooot bo brokon loon to o aoneidarable utoit before tkaro lo aoaoloo roloooo of flkro. Senator, onoo tko pipe boa boon attacked b aunoaioo ootor oktab foraa tko ooloklo roaotlon eroduoto, tkon oill bo b aontlsoiaf roloooo of flora oroa abea laaa imulia ootor to poaood tkroak tko plpolino. aftvm>i/ a 1^11*4 ur-nw or una A eeauraaent of the re.a of removal of calclia Into the eater provide# Mono of estimating the life *ls- cf M*.r -i:*s. Ir 'Mi 1*. ausi be ni\tMd that all '.n oaloiua artaaa ealnly from the braa*lo*r. <*.' ca^oiua tuioau eoopomda in tha oeaer.t mru. Tha results for tha rata of breakdown of tha oeaer.t mr.i the tin to reaers half tha lies from tna cetnt of tha pipe* art ahoen in Tabla 211. Tha tta* to destroy half tha oaaant *aa choaan aa this aa thought to flat an lndlctlcn of tha azpao tad uaaefnil 2llf1e' tl`m' s of tha pipes. Tha total tenant oortant of tha pipeline vaa oaloulated, assuming a 20% aatar content and a parity ealght of 93 lb for a u aatra 1anyth of u* Claaa *C" pipe, leading to a dry aelght of 76 lb. Tha oeaer.t content of tha plpa la aprirozlaatsl/ 65% giving a parity aeieht of oaaant of 04.6 lb. Tha actual flgura used In calculation 62.5 lb vat tha aaan of thla figure and a value of 60.4 lb provided by Coot Control Department. Thla laada to a total oaaant oontent for tha length of tha pip# ork (16,44a) of 130690 17 plot if tim ila to reaove naif tha oaaant of tha plpaa against pH for unseated plpas. Thla ahooa that bale* a value of about pH 6.C tl.e attool on tha plpa* begins to bacons appreciable ahloh la la agreaaeat with tha present policy of not reon--enrtlng unooeted pi pee for uee with eatare having 0 pfl value of leea than 6.0. The useful lifetimes tf the pipe shon for pH7 and 6 are probably loo as tha nsasureoenta vara aade on freah plpaa and aoat of the eelelua rtrovad *ould be frae free line rather then from e breakdown of tha oaaant aatrlm. *nn * u n) 1 1 u .t f 1 , 1 n 1-0 1 * C "* >"< Tim " miim miiMi <> lllmM far bo* (UMrlai tfea abola at tha aaatants at itta ylyallM. <b) "-IT--*-- acataat nrmM far mmIb la tha mw (tOr /a-->raa). () Bllomns* bb4b tar uaNla aeatalaad la raltM not ittrtkatfbll to chrraotiL*. ** ri&n fitliiH fra ttHllM duration of taa (fen) * 66*5 6 191.5 6 <94 * 193 j b3 r ' 97.3 t 3bl.S 3 193.3 3 211.3 4 212 < 163.5 b 214 4 9U 143.3 3 1*1 i. .43 b ' 23**3 b 1*2.3 5 1*3.3 3 1C* 1*7.3 6 121 - t11 ^< r aur no <**u .*UU.X1 .* 2.351106 3.5b*10* Plln la hiltM (j AM X O. MM thaI*n**10 *13 33 109 11 331 3.16*10* 1.17*10 b.lt&IO* 2.33*10^ 3.62X10* U0S3 bO*3 1561 2093 4100 33*6 1306 105C b330 6bb3 2.3b*10* 1.96*10* 2.37*1 1.13*10* 2177 llb.325 1*,*19 11.923 b3b 53.113 2.911 3.6*0 i.uuxiO^ 1.93*10* 1.9U*10* 9*.015 19b,373 339,22b 32*590 b,2*S bb.13* 2.19*10* 33.110 1.93*10^ bb1,*30 337.700 1.91*10* 237.320 102*120 1.99*10* 729.013 171,010 2.23*10^ *30,(93 316.730 1 *43** 313.3.6 331.20C MImm atC/ial/iOO n Plf* AM z 7*i o-1* 5.1*1 (f** Ltaa than S2*.4tel1ic0r*t' 7.7*10-3 7.1*10-6 3.1*10-b b.7*1^3 i.3*iers 1.3*10-1 2.2*10-3 3.0*1 or) 1.7*10"J 1 A*lO-3 9.2*10* 7jU*iOj* 2.9*10-3 b. 1*10-3 1.9*10-3 3.0*10-b 1.4*1^1 b.7*1^* 1.1*10"* 1.9*10-3 1.7*1^* 3All0-3 7.9*10-* 2.7*10-* 1.7*10-' 3.7*10-3 2.9*10-1 3.1*10-2 - 3.2*10-* 3.7*10-' 3.0*10-' 2.1*10-' 1.3*10-* *.1*1r' 1.3*10*' b.lxio-' 2.3*10-' 6.1*10-' 6.1*10-' Of Claim Troa Hlla --------- f Cololuo *,r f tor too hr* of Colelaa VO/hr 97 76 96 92 66 176 133 135 12U 222 233 auo 193 229 290 326 610 990 0.97 U.Bf 0.76 0.69 0,92 0.99 1.76 1.33 1.32. 1,2U 2.22 2.33 2.4*0 1.93 2.23 2.90 3.26 6.10 9.90 tat. or jM.ov.t 1MI* to I.ftw of HMat fcolf oaont W/lT of pip** 0.39 0.39 " 36 0.33 0.U0 0.39 0.76 0.57 0.53 0.53 0.96 1.03 1.03 0.6U 0.97 1.25 1 J*1 3 J9 4.27 19.6 19.9 2 2.2 19.7 19.0 19.7 9.6 13.1 12.9 1*6.1 7.6 7.2 7.2 3.9 7.7 6,0 5.J 2.1 1.7 i, old to nialiU UH Mldlty itirtu A uaad oulphurlo Mid. Tha hjrdrooblorle sold Ms chsMi btaiuii tha raastion pradusta aru ooluala in nMr and thoru *M no ,t-...lllir of tM abMioax aloatd doan by tha formation at meilai product at lot aalublllty. It lu Uwnton vo M axpaotad that hydroohlorle acId aould ha sora wnr than mpftwu Mid. A furthar rutlatullaitl* of tha raaulta hat Man aarriad out hr ao Ida ring tba rota of tulld-op of raaiuua is tha aotar and alao tha acraaMnt of tba Ml and a-ray raaulta. Flgura Till la a graph of rata of ralaaM of raaidua (la tha raaidoa oollaotad dlaldad by tha langth of tina for tha run) against pH. Any aaluaa abloh 11a far from tha Min lino u at tha graph aara rajaatad for both Add and x-ray raaulta. Alao any x-ray aaluaa union aara aara than flaa tlMa anallsr than tha squiaalant AAS aalua Mra lpvorad. Tha aaaraga aaluaa for tha flbra ralaaaa at aaeh pH aalua aftar thaaa oalaaioia art ahoan la rigura n. Flgura X ahoaa a plot of tha aaaraga log flbra ralaaaa (taking into aocount tha aemotlana ahoan Is Flgura JZ) agaiaat tha aaaraga raolproeal of tha rata of oaloiua ralaaaa for pH aaluaa froa VS. Aa aapialnad la tha praaloua raport, tha flbra ralaMo at pH7 and pHt aaa high baaauaa tha plpaa Mra fraah and tha Mlor propartian of tha flbra ass the raault wf aa*1*-"!*** Milan of tha Mtar rathar than ohaalaal attaoh on tha plpaa* RoMuar, if tba graph for tha pa aaluaa 5-6 ( la axtrapelatod Saab to polsta aarraapandlag to tha rataa at oalalaa ralaMo at p07 ad pHd thla raaulta. in a aalaa far flbra ralaaaa of tha ordar of l?dg/100rt of It* plpaa ahlsh aould ba tha aspaafhd aalaa far alaa plpaa. It la llkaly that tha trua aalua llaa baloa thla flgura aa tha rataa of oaloiua moral at pH7 and pM ara probably hlghar than aould bo tha oaaa for plpos uhlak had baan aaod for aoao tlao. Tha proaont aalaa Mia aatabllahod olth fraah plpaa. Talnaa for tha flbra ralaaaa baloa a aalua of lOJ/tg/gal/lOOft Of 1|* plpaa aould plaid flbra aenfant' In *** "'.tarad r*a|Oua Mira tha dataatlon Halt of tha analytlaal taahnlquaa far rau of tha praaant langth. In oadar to oatahllah tha aatanl ralaaaa at pad and ahoaa. It would M aaoaaaurp to tarn out pralangad runs Hating aaaaral uaaka. Thla aould ba aarriad out anoo a baehgrouad laaal of taro Cant/ hr i * 1-0 - ^y^-X------------------------------------------------ u-umi Ua uw% W **'- ^ | 1