Document RjEjRNj9VXLL4dO50vYvQvJEv

S T 0 0 9 5 1 93 / INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE DIGEST LITERATURE ABSTRACTS ' ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFL.Y NEWS ^ ,,/ \ ; " I\ ~'s < ' S' ' ' ` ^ '' INDUSTRIAL HEALTH FOUNDATION, INC. 5221 CENTRE AVENUE PITTSBURGH, PA. 15232 ~ `' -- - -- U'XJi'^.1 -.'jLr _ ulbin-, Frmmtttoe S iys . . '*\.r* ir.'1';*-*: y '-ort pharc* v. jth try* noise standard as t w Ml J**.* p'^'p**"4 m by *j|*.,ti- -i.......... : /.'if..* *pytr: *rj voyhi not U* ;r> the l**st interests of agricultural er.i'l*iye**s# *: f *M*. * * r * ',.jji*!.nJs Advisory < ov.r ttee. The committee n.;d** theret *>:.:* * n*l.<tions y ! .r V..i.*b:i.. I- qor.^* to * / ni. Alexander J. Heis, OSHA ns*o*;.ite ass .,*. u.t s-cr/tary ' r aa-.*.* . p" . v I,.. v.`j^ fil its H-y k '-r, p.e tin.*lai d's applicability to ag i<l**ii e. ) l.e tea * * , v< ,* "meaningful" hennug conservation program esfH-'-ially t;** 1*r*-*i !* tins': >.pr {i"'' j *1* k" *. :i> an alternative to die audiunietric testing and m**<Jtf,n] Hurvo;l)ar.e req mreft.ee*s out!.tied jw i,nM-ii >.*neral industry standard . Testing and monitoring would be neither omar:"*l!y te.-iMb.*- nor inc the seasonal nrployment situations and the I:rlabor fyi nnvi p'-P*? *.! th* mdu *.: y, .Mee ...id . A la He '.1 rii>jm* exposure information ir the agr icy Itural a*<*a i'b-v*' ::.g *,v '* "'P*' * M* f* pi <.!*)**'. . r -.! : v I? r.i t*! also by the group . T his kck "1 data , aer ry :.: v * > >* <%< * * :*** . * .a* 61 .Lie a ;.yd,orient on v he*h' : any .ipplication of standards :s justified ;n agrn uilo'c . -O'-c. Safety *. 11 t-altli itiiitiUT 3 IM:. M.v . :* S T 0095194 1 * V . :md K K >SU to Accelerate Standards Development. A' i Marh m mreting of the NutiitnuJ Advisory C/ommiltec* for Ocxupatjonal .Safety and Health, A^histAn*. Sts.*rc- -t l.r.bnr John Sfmder anmum*ed a 10*month, $!t,5 million program in cooperation with N10.SJ! to develop j 'So* vtardards governing approximately *100 toxic substances. At present, standards for th* 400 sub . r;.c. exist, but provide only threshold limit a.ulucs for employee exposure. The first phase of this program ;! U* pilot project con.iist:ng o: U.e oc\<*2upnient of an initial package of 40 standards. Stendw has cNtab* A ' 7. aTa hft|h (JSMA priority*' He has said. thftt.hs.wUi sub- *.t/trllitUy irtcMiiw the nuhiWr ot health'permnr! and Compllimce officers to fulfill this gonj The :i.pi* o Kthnd^rd* aill pr^sc rihe informing 'f;f!oyecH of hazardous substances, emergency treatment iri the event r'occidental (.`xpij`'iH!, and proper vonf!it;or.s and precautions for^sufe use of the substances. The *.tiuidird.- .'.ill ;dw. prescribe prourtm cdothingipr equipment,.monitoring or'measuring exposure conditions, r i-enrdkeeping rcqyiremont.s, snd the type, and ft/xiucncy of medical surveillance for employees. N - National L'nfety News I0J*' 47, May 1074 <4 l.l'A Ue- b'ertilu-s Huluth Unnking Water llecausc ot ?l*`;ilth Hazard. / l`A h is nolihcd Imluth, Mmn . . that its drinking water can no longer be certified lor uso on interstate car its hff;iUNc of unresolved questions about its potential as b health hazard. '*\W* cannot continue certification "! th/ unaltered liuluth drinking water supply a* sale for uiv," KPA Itegionul Arlministrator Francis T. Mayo ^ru>i11M'fl the Duluth City rouncil. Ilis aetinn came in the aftvmaih of the fast-breaking legal action which saw hi'U:** .Miles \V. Lord shut down Hotel ve Mining's plant in Silver Huy, 60 miles north oi Duluth, becmjse if H ) p'vsM.hp. health hitzar <J r*'Mj]tmg I mm dumping o) taconite vvyO'S into Lake Superior, *1 he order was inuuedi\ airly stayed by a throe*judge Federal appeals panel pending a hearing .May 15. In handing down hi* decision. Judge Lord said he v.jik ohrcious of th* economic impact ot the plant Hhutdow*n bu* dcclarcfi that health eon* Hiderctions ruust tnke priority. `1 he company discharge "Urge amounts of minute amphibole libers" into the lake, he- said. Prolonged exposure to these fibrous particle*, ho added, "can produce asbestosis , mesotheItufna and cancer of the lung, gastrointestinal tract and larynx." - -hnvirunrr.'-ntai Ib-ulth Letter H: 4. M *y 1. 1^74 680/74 OMiA Machine tiuardirig Marxlaru;- are Often Cited in V.hulnsaie 'I rade.s . Violnt lonn uf iiiiii'h me gunrding 'Ouclarfls w m ti.und t* !. rri'.-. often utedb^ th'* (Hx'upntion^il Sufi tv and Health Administration in mxpei tinris of the v.!nU-\i'l amt re*;jjl faiies, arrording U' the Department of Labor, ttith 10 injuries per 100 mar.-ycars wurke*i during 1172, wholesaling was slightly more dangerous than retail* ing. the report said. The 1 */*111 refh 1 Mil J.iei ih.u 'v.-nv rrta.i '".it]<*ts involve some I' anufacturmg activ itics on a smaller scale. Ihe h'ghest inmry r.d v as !*.ur.d in btiMdie.g rr>at<*riais and l',.n equipment. Be tween July 1972, and June 1973. OSIIA rw.pLance i.Lm ers cundui `ed niore than J.50G inspections'of wholesale and retail oftrrata-ns. Tlu* PtaenuH-ry ''it.itjot;>. *es`.lte*l fru**- M-nr-ed :an hlades and lack of protection from hazards ,-it the point -f cper:iti>n a ma. lun' t.r f v-.) vMai.n;' p:.rt* , !.; i'4 hips and sparks, and inward mov* ing nip points, tt;e r.-pert .:,*d. i >< '-.i.ty e F*i.iltl- lo-tior4.*-*- .7: 1523. May 2, 1974  v' r: . :r. 1 v: jo -r _ -a . ' . ``a irv .ir . .t'it MAis::: w,-.-- 'i' m'-ns* ra`* ri. .g-l w. * re; i t '(. 'i r \ r X: i '; I r ,'J t y.?''' ;c 1 .r *' . * .*;* r r;u* i( r ipf "'m-i* rw*-v ah nvocurd ml cv- ; u':: ion tr-itr. ;Imm;r irl dis'ase. Co't-p.'.'e left bund!e-b rveh 1 . cm iu`c- mddnn ci< .** h occurred ;n I. ard chronic renurrer' atrial f ur: lia: mr. war presort .: a 2nd. Chr"tiic vasodilatation nmy h:ivr f,v'>.ed tii 'iiv-r>slai.ic v;isc const r a lion. the- labor persisting during the withdrawal period with cardiac ischemia. A more detailed study of the vas'-dilator action of organic nitrate and the homeostatic roac'ion was warrantee. The effect of chronic administration of potent long- act'rg organic nitrate-based drugs should be examined in the light of this industrial experience. 4730. MILLER, KLAPA and J. S. HARING TON. (Cancer Res. Unit. X Natl. Cancer Assoc. S. Air.. S. Afr. Inst. Med. Res., Johannesburg. 2 t-.. Afr. i ioniP biochemical effects, of asbestos on macrophages. BR J EXP PATROL 53Mi: 307-405. files. VjV2.~The in vitro effects of chrysotile. corciduiite and amosite asbestos. and silica and rutile dust on ham vH'r peritoneal macrophages were assessed by estimating the reR-ase of acic pin'spha'aso into Die culture medium and by changes in th*2 composition of phospholipids in the colls. Chrysotile was as toxic as silica; croc idol Me. anvsite and the control dust, rutile were inert. Too toxicity of chrvsoi i!e and silica is evidently due to the surface in i' rac ion of th.j dusts with phagosomal membranes, leading to the re lease of ivtic i-nr.vnrms from the damaged phagosomes into the cyto plasm. Large amounts of acid phosphatase were released into the medi um hr after me phagocytosis of both dusts; very little was found when emcid'iire. amosite and rutile were used. Further evidence of rytopatmr effects was seen by changes in lipid components of cells wnit.i; had ir'.rTestr,c! silica and chrysotile. A decrease m total lipid conten' and an Tcrcase in lysolecith.n apparently indicate specuic, secondarv and o.xic effects following the release of lysosomal enzymes. ''/Z1. HARXL, 1J.-P. f ForschungsinsC Cigarettenind. e. V., Gazel- A ''"c n-r/'hO Hamburg a-. West Ger.l. A. BAARS, B. FRAHM. C, F. T'J:. TLMe c'i C. I-'CHULTZ. Zum Problem des Passivrauchens: --K " " d' - K- nm-n?m'Umn ven R.gjch;nha 11sstoffen in der Laf. c ......d< o :,.-r vor; der Zah 1 der verrauchten Zigaretten ' ' I'I'r o' f,! r-n i of pas1 ;vc * m oh mg: Concent rat ion of smoke " 'os : n ' re a;r <>! ie.r/` ami ; mail as a funct.on if rnm- ^- 1 INTaPCH AmiMThMLL : " c. ; i .'ii'.1. 'Jttvp.. j--Ap uev< at ;lata'd room of vr'b.'-;ic : *i < m mg JO 3 5. ' 0 r e - ` *1 ~ * ` f < >n r c 1 Ti ' * a ' ni/`,|'iTV1 *' ;H vi.v's S64 96X)0rS- - I 1 c d nn i_ 0 a 3 V 1 p t: c 1 e v c II 1 .. :; i\ t .' . forms of /. . 11 s i ' : n y.. .diological V I ! :. ; V cur me | Aipment of M jr! O-ui Ju! - M'O : V lIuMMim bode prof. 2H, r |j!m < Aide. n rn 1 :NV, -.ns. ( /Y> I is. s i! cos'-s '"s ] ' . >. n | r * ' v < 1 i imii; Im-m r in i '.a Url 1 . with pr-'.tii. 'ion >' ' m* r\ ' " h'. mu | ; \\ . j;; > i r. V-. 1 ' . ( i l ` . I) H H. ! ' M,, ' S' }l 5 /.- \ -. '/ . 15. i'i- ' ' '' v : i > r. . . t m . 1 H;irr.-.!-r Rat.. M- of- . n> 'ui 1 ` pil'.ii -. A d C .Op ',-1 : i ' . 1 !l. '*0':i. | r-> i:; r n ,, .. j i i mm K>(!'*.. laser. ' i.ng. Ar aD ( linical and ps\ehopathologicid changes follow mg lead poisoning. '1 i mman' Poppe. 'A , K ra.uspe M /' -hnit. ,Ytorn,. \ . */.-. ' / / '.21, 'O-tmi). Apr. h'-i [Hamm, Cognition I Jisorders. Dclu->K>ns, F.DLA rhcrn- pcutic V'o. Illusions. lead Cerebrospinal f luid. Lead j*ii;s.>!'11i >,niplu'c".'c' Analysis. Memory Disorder1-'. I'Mdi'ip'i'hoioi'.', Lnglish Abstract] Disorders of fiver function in occupational chronic lead and mercury vapor poisoning, doorman) kosimdct. S. Potocka. /.. /.hi. Arbiitsmcd. !7. 170-4. Jim. t'7. [Human Mim'd Protein Hectrophorcsis, l.cad Poisoning ( ompmatiope. I iver Diseases f liolog'-. Mercury Poison ingr __ ! xporimentnl asbestos carcinogenesis. (I nghsh) Roe. f J. foo,i Cosmvl Joxiio!., 6. 5C'^-H. Dos. <>X, fAmmal I \penments Mice, Ashestosis. Mesothelioma. Mi-s'plasms V ' perimenfal. Sarcoma [experimental] \shesios as a carcinogenic hazard.(I nglish) Roc. F-. J food ( ok wet Toxiiol.. ft. 565-C TVc. f'S. (Human, AsheMosis Mortality. fnvironmcnlal Lxposurc. Lung Neoplasms. Male] incidence of progressive polvarthritis in pneumoconiosis <>f miners of the (>str;nn-Kan inna Basin, f Czech l Rosmamth. J.. Sitai. S.. Dmla. Y.. Kami.is. J.. Stcparck. I-you'. I V:;/;., 47, '*(->-94. 1909. [Human. Arthritis Rhcnma.loid Occurrence, f'otd M nine. C/cchosknakia, f.atex Pbu.'tion Tests, Pncimvo'-'*os,. Occurrence. Rheumatoid f acin' Blood, Hnglish Abstract! ST0095196 Industrial llvmene Digest-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ 1073/74 NIQtjtI Ammonia Criteria Document Uecummende 30 l*l`M Exposure l.mut Occupation*! exposure to ammonia nhould bv hmittd to u ci'ilui^ <iiiH'cntrutioo *>t 50 jici terminod by it live-minute sampling period. according to recommendations ul the National Institute :..i 1 -. tionol Safety and Health eubmilled to the Occupational Safety and ilealth Administration, '1 he MO:di 11 ,i. i.,, document defined ammonia ua gaseous or liquified unhydroua ammonia and aqueous solution burl. *>.... j i., ammonia and ammonium hydroxide. "Strong aqua ammonia" wae defined ua uqueou* solutions tor.i-.i..i.h uj.i, than 10 percent ammonia. "Weak aqua ammonia" area defined ua eolation* of Ul percent or lean. I'r. j.i., r.i medical examinationa would be required for all worker* whoae eo.ployment may involve potential exp. ammonia concentration in eaceaa of 50ppai. --Occupational Safety a Health Keporter 4. 222 223, August I, ) V.J 1074/74 A*kmstosEx^eur#-inBHSurfBCtiaaCwlB-Minee-J*nd-iNurfacciJork_Areaa_jif_l/iidiir^iound__honea,_jl_ i n 11 *i^ * ^ Fact. On the baaia of the evidence preaented at the hearing June 5, 1874 and on other Mifoimalnsi uvudui.h in w* Department, the Director of the National Inatitute tor Occupational Safety and Health, pui::uant to i.oil..i ay delegated from the Secretary and the Aaaiatant Secretary for Ilealth (33 Flv 11130), find* that: 1. '! lure u. * cauaa) relatlcoehip between occupational expoaure to airborne aabeahia libera and the development i.i non-, 2. Aabeatoa la Infrequently uaed in eurface ooal n.ining operation* and rarely, if ever. used in urt... i o| vr. tiona of underground ooal minee. 3. There ia medical evidence which indicate* that even mfrequer. q.< mi to airborne asbestos can cauae diaeaae. 4. When aabeatoe ia uaed in coal mining operation*. lecl.nui<.h:, 'xi.-u tor maintaining the 8-hour average airborne concentration of uabcatoa duet to which n.uiw* urc cxp'.M u vi below two libera (greater than 3 mierona in length) per cubic centimeter oi air but not to exceed iu ihj*->.. pci cubic oenttmeter more than one hour of each 8-hour day. 3. A atend urn requiring coul mine* operator* m m.int.in the 8-hour average airborne aoncentralion of aabeatoa dual to which miner* are expoacd at or Ui two fibers (graater than 8 microns In length) per cubic centimeter of air but not to exceed 10 fiber* pci i li.k- centimeter more than one hour of each 8-hour day, ia neccaaury for the protection of life und the prcivi.u.i. of occupational diaeaaea of miners. --Federal Ucgiater 3# 28176, August 3, 1874 1075/74 Aebeatoe Induetry Urges Exposure Ceiling of 10 Fiber* Over 10-kiinute Period. Y The Asbestos Information Association/North America has suggested revision of the asbestos standard lo include a limit of 10 fiber*, longer than 3 micrometers per cubic centimeter of air ua determined over a lb-minuu period, ss well as work practice* for the asbestos industry. In a letter to Daniel P. boyd, Uirectci ui oMi.l * Office of Standards Devslopmsnt, dated July IS. Hobart ii. Merenesa, executive director ui the As*ovui.'.i. wrote: "Ws can report that there is an industry-wide appreciation of the health problem* associated ant. u> besios dust in the workplace, requiring realistic understanding and remedial action where neccaaury J l.e recommendations wars prepared by the Association's Standards am|i TpcbfticalCommittee. tx.inpqyd ci envu un- mental control engineers, industrial hygianisU and safety and hed^dtattUMt to seeks* yttttjWi** mu*;, and posaibU revision of the standard by e*rly next y*4r... Hfi thafilfehg'nnnMltnfl WWimtitimfif'* ciation'e recommendation is as follows: "No employee shall be exposed to airborne concentrations of a*U n * fibers in excess of 10 fibers, longer than 3 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of sir. as determined hut j 10-minute period by the method prescribed..Its recommendation would 'Mete the requirement of exp. ui "at any time" and inaert "over a 10-minute period." The Association as id that its reasoning wax that In iu- tiona of the monitoring procedure make it impoaaiblr to determine instantaneous peak exposures. A 10 sampling period la a practical minimum, it said, in uddition, it recommended that monitoring not le riq.u in thoee situations where significant quantities of airborne asbestos fiber ure net released. 1 hat. in the .< of the Association, would include usage of products w'here uobuau>* fiber* "have been modified by a L*. r.u.i., xgsnt, coating, binder or other material so that during any reasonable foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing or transportation, no airborne concentrations of asbestos fiber in excess of the xp> : limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section will be released." Work prscUce* offered by the Acv..- Uon for OSHA s review include: unloading and storing bagged asbestos fiber; introduction of a*be*to* :.<> i into manufacturing process**, asbestos duat and scrap removal and disposal, and housekeeping in the u*l.t "--I Industry. --Occupational ilealth 8 Safety Letter 4: #, August 8. 1874 | 1076/74 OSHA Announces Intent to Prepare Impact Sts Carbon Monoxide The Occupational Safety and Health Adminlstratloo^BBEpioed its Intention to prepare an environmental m , statement on a proposed standard for occupsUonal ^Mpe to carbon monoxide on August 13. The suun.m required by the National Environmental Policy Act,MJKmmss the possible environmental impact of the j... *s? :r.s posed standard. Subject area* to be considered iqoludfenvironmental effect* which c-nnol be avoided *i. i the standard be adopted. alternaUvee to the standardise relationship between .hurt-urn, use. of the m .. inMit and the enhancement of long-term productivity,i**d any irreversible commitment. uf recurves mu, if the standard were issued. -Occupational Saf^y k Health Iteporter 4 284. August 15, 1874 s\;. it ST0095I 97 . Induai -tal Hygiene biigsat .'uvemtuir lk 7-1 1438/74 T^JiW^gW'^foctaof.Asbaatoa. S.F. McCullagh. Med. J. Australia 2: 45-40, July 13, 1874 . 51 refs. 1438/74 Recent developments are rtvltwid, Tbd terms pulimBuy utiuloiii and pleural ssbeetosis should be intro duced to avoid aaitftidiM between the two. Pulmonary compliance ie the single moat valuable test of lung func tion in the detection of pulmonary aabeetoaie, and a method has been described recently which may make thin measurement practicable in the routine surveillance of an asbestos exposed workforce. Pleural asbestoeis may mt-i* restrictive lung "----- - but only if the pleural changes are very extensive. There is little evidence Unking these essentially benign changes with mesothelioma. It is now thought that the carcinogenicity of asbes tos and of other fibres is a of their physical rather than of their chemical structure. Lung cancer in an asbestos worker oan be attributed to asbestos exposure only if there la also evidence, albeit perhaps only his tological, of pulmonary asbestoeis. Accumulating evidence continues to emphasise the importance of cigarette smoking in the lung oancer of asbestos workers. Current standards of workplace hygiene are reviewed and conflicting opinions about atethods of medical surveillance oempared. In the general urban atmosphere, the amount of asbestos is between one hundred thousandth and oas millionth of that Laid to bo safe in tbs workplace. Uotor-car brake linings releaso littla, if any, asbestos in their normal road use. The amount of asbestos in water and beveragss i* likewise negUgible. --Author's abst. Biological Effects of Agbytoe^ ^non. Lancet 2: 704, September 21, 1974. 1 ref. 1444/74 Information la usefully summarised in the proceedings of a ooefarenoe held at the International Agency for Reoeareh on Canoer. It la interesting to compare the results of epidemiological studies of human populations ex posed to asbestos with the pathology of dixeassa produced by asbastos in animals. Ashestosis and bronchial oaroiaoma seam to be produced by all fibre typaa widely uaad but with clear exposure-reapenae relationships, in contrast, tha production of meeothellal tumours in man seems to be closely linked with exposure to crocidoUte. When various types of asbestos are injected into tbs pleural cavity of laboratory animals, all induce meso theliomas . The apparent discrepancy between the experimental and epidemiological findings can be explained by assuming that small crocidollts fibres, ween inhaled, penetrate more readily to the pleural cavity. The dimenatone of the croddolite fibre indicate that it is the most respirable type, and its chemical stability ensures its persistence in lung tissue. Tbs fact that all fibre types so far tasted indues mesotheliomas directs attention to tbs physical properties of tbs fibres rather than to their chemical composition. This view is reinforced by the finding that fibres composed of glass or sinmtwtnm oxide, having tbs approximate dimension.) of smell asbes tos fibres, era also obis to Induce mesotheliomas. It is therefore unlikely that trees metal, hydrocarbon, or other contaminants axe concerned in the Induction of mesotheliomas. However, in the induction of bronchial carcinomas smoking and exposure to all asbestos types probably confar a greatar than additive risk. Moraover, chemical carcinogens and asbestos fibres have synergistic affects in tbs induction of bronchial carcinomas in laboratory animals. These findings have obvious implications lor asbestos workers. --Cond. from text Rheumatic Cornfields end Pulmonary Response to Chrysotile Dust inhalation in the Miner end Mills of Quebec. F.M.M. White, et el. Canadian Med. Assn. J. Ill: 533-535. September 21, 1974. 17 refs. 1441/74 In 1967-69 an ags-strstified random sample of lu69 current workers in Quebec asbestos mines and mills was surveyed. Questions concerning rheumatic complaints were included in a modified URC questionnaire used at that time, and on this basis a rneumatic severity gradient was devised. No relationship could be detected be tween rheumatic complaints and pulmonary radiologic response to chrysotile dust exposure, despite implica tions in the literature that such a relationship might exist. --Author's Summary Kt & y I Asbestos in Industry. E.E.Gaaaon. Occ. Health 26: 296-306, August 1874. 9 rtfs. The properties, uses, end biological effects of asbestos are reviewed. --J .F .B. 1442/74 Asbestos in Industry - 2. E.E.Gaaaon. Occ. Health 26: 352-362, September 1974. 1 ref. The methods of worker protection are outlined briefly. These include engineering controls, personal pr tlon. monitoring, and medical supervision. The apodal role of the occupational health nurse ie dii Research programs are currently being conducted by the Asbeetoeie Research Council in Britain. Public Health Service, and tha Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health in Quebec, i --J.F.B. ST0095I 98 GO _ V v3 e kM STl o w ^ feO c? S r^ll-5V^s o ,, ^ 8.2-g o'2''-"JS o .^rs p a s.E M f 2 2 So & h * ^ d Sss c |liis PJl? eO8 hr" go|'S|os .S-S8| liliiS l! o ojS 2*0 ft, 1*3 8-9 81 o--S' -- O 6C &Sa> 5 8ftS3'b5fi g>S 0*3 ^ *s ft* ,5c<=>SCJ "fSc"fBc.j 2-- ." .# o. eoo - I* Is > & sSlsf^5-S*- 2eP8='0 32|w| g."3 o S go73S S^^-P 9 bC 2* o & 3 P I8Im-"jjOfMr*Ji t^Os3 .*I2U25*x!fAc-*_<w4*=cJ)**-wB-c S *r i'O'&SB S 2-o^ c oj-a > 5 g . p og. i3 Sf -* 4m0Sm^^e3 ^ ill be EljM .M >035 C -- = b kb.o*O*cc3cc_*_ce .5 ct 2S -- T? 'm O T? T. L> ** * x^c iSs cO>O ow *0O5 C TZ><** X;i.c-- *** f*e* I ^ B C c 5.S' NCO m boC-o."e5c*wEzib * ..cc- *tt*C X C CO O a> o--- a> <A P Ssi^g Sis O A U aij g cSd gf **3*gS-c a *^'8 0)T3 > ft E > * f8c 2j= 2m - iSls-S&-SSfi*p 2 o fe 5p_^C-SS we.2c P~ K2~ o g'-C 3 ftw O W c _ m *5 3*s dS c i l?j-1>9l 6 :* C3 c- m SO _ PM) C C 2.28! s 7^ * J.s i.S ^C- w Sgg&*?.<"rr* eg ** 3-- 8.8 A g 0 * *-*%**&*$&&&& af,csEu?u Ce NSiSS w go 5-3 ~.E few 5 w 0 u k* o 52- CJD ftb mm A) -i Ci2 equinar.e uk uirotihoic limit for myocardial damage. Degenerative changes such as contraction bands, myofibriliar disintegration, myelin body formation, and dehiscence of the intercalated disks were seen in rabbits exposed for more than 4 h to CO concentrations higher than 100 ppm. This high sensitivity of myocardium to CO exposure is explained by the binding of CO to Hb and especially to myoglobin in connection with the prevailing low oxygen tension in normal myo cardium. This study, as well as recent reports on the effect of lowlevel CO exposure in patients with ischemic heart disease, suggest that the CO content in tobacco smoke and in heavily polluted atmospher air may be deleterious to such patients. A reevaluation of the re commended threshold limit for industrial CO exposure is proposed. Y- pjf i V(, 52308. GROSS, PAUL. (Dop. Pathol., Med. Univ. S. C., 80 Barre St., Charleston, S. C. 29401, USA.) Is short-fibered asbestos dust a biological hazard? ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH 29(2): 115-117. 1^74. fin Engl, with Engl. summ.J--Contrary to the determination that the finer the quartz dust, the greater its pathogenicity, the pathogenicity of the finest asbestos dust was shown to be negligible. Research laboratories in Germany, England, South Africa and the USA have found that short-fibered asbestos dust, i.e., less than 5fi in length, is incapable of causing fibrosis or cancer. This finding, in conjunction with the failure of different laboratories in the United Kingdom and in the USA to discern abnormalities following prolonged asbestos feeding to rats, should lead to the abandonment of the present concept that maintains that mesotheliomas and gastro intestinal cancers arise from the ingestion of asbestos dust cleared fror the lungs. These negative results should also allay the alarm that ftas,,been raised as a result of tne finding of ultramiciyscopic mineral , fibers in certain beverages and drinking water. ~ ST0095202 52313. MILHAM, SAMUEL Jr. and TERRENCE STRONG. (Wash. State Dep. Soc. and Health Serv., Olympia, Wash. 98504, USA.) Human arsenic exposure in relation to a copper smelter. ENVIRON RES 7(2): 176-182. Illus. 1974. [in Engl, with Engl, summ. ]-- Children living near a copper smelter in Tacoma, Washington, USA, had increased levels of As in hair and urine. The urinary As level decreased with distance of residence from the smelter stack. House vacuum-cleaner dust showed a similar distance relationship. Urine As levels in children varied synchronously over a 5-wk period, in dicating that inhalation was the most likelv exoosure rout**. Tn -12- CONJUGAL ASBESTOS NEOPLASTIC RISK by H. Anderson, M.D., I.J. Selikoff, M.D., R. Lilis, M.D., S. Daum, M.D., A. Flschbcin, M.D. and J. Churn, M.D. Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York As mor< industrial substances are found to have neo plastic potential, the risk of associated conjugal tumors should be evaluated. Numerous mesotheliomas among family members of asbestos workers have been reported. However, in the absence of well-defined population bases the actual incidence and extent of risk remains unknown. All the household contacts of 1,146 asbestos workers employed in a factory which produced amosite asbestos products from 1941 to 1954 are currently being traced and examined. Four cases of pleural mesothelioma have so far been discovered. Morbidity experience wi11 be investigated for the cohort. Of the first 210 household members studied, 81 (38,6%) had radiologic evidence of asbestos exposure (pleural, paren- ^,-^'Ch.ymal Th possible relationship of these changes to * ' tumor induction in the future is presently unknown. This study demonstrated that for one household sub stance, amosite asbestos, significant household contamina tion can and does commonly occur, and may result in char acteristic radiological changes as well as in neoplastic disease. -13- VORBrPlTY AND MORTALITY AMONG HARD ROCK MINERS EXPOSED AN AS BEST IK0BI1 MINERAL hv J. Dean Oillam, ".A., fait Lab City, Utah, Richard A. Lcnen, M.S., Cincinnati, Ohio, Vi E. Archer, V.D., Salt Lake Citv, Joseph K. Wagoner, S.D. Cincinnati, John Denent, M.S., Cincinnati, Ohio, Natl. Ii for Occup. Safety and Health. A mortality studv and review of chest X-rays of a groi of 439 underground metal miners with exposure to an asbe; form mineral found an elevated risk of both malignant an< non-nalipnant respiratory disease, nnd job related accid< Environmental data taken in 1960 showed 39% free silica ; the airborne dust, while '974 samples shoved 23%. Even tl 1960 settled dust sample* in areas surrounding the mire f ed a .5/ arsenic content, current samples showed onlv .Of concentration in underground airborne dust, and .015% in tied dust. Counts of fibers greater than 5 microns in It averaged 0.24 fibers per milliliter. Seventv deaths were served over 5613 person years. Ten deaths were attribute malignant respiratory disease where 3.3 were expected. N malignant diseases of the respiratorv system accounted fo five deaths where 1.4 were expected. Eight job related ac dents were observed. The excess malignant neoplasms of t respiratory system may be caused by either arsenic and/or asbestos fiber exposure, while both silica and asbestos f ST0095203 l I. I r /. c r. a i e a a t a c a f ST0095204 -39'TVler Asbestos Workers Project-S. Donald Greenberg; M. D. The 1'rograrn^vasTTwgun July 1974 in Iryier, Texas(TexasChestHoqjital) to investigate a cofiorr of 890 former asbestos workers. Approximately 90'V of these men are cigarette smokers. Unique to the program are the sputum cytopathology studeslboth aerosol induced and spontaneous early norning sputa specimens,each worker hav ing sputum cytopathology every 6 mos. This report is based on ini tial study of 500 sputa specimens from 226 workers. 107(47%)had no atypias, 107(57", )had mild atypias, 9(5%)had severe atypias and l(.4"')had cells of a squamous carcinoma. 75(32%)demonstrated ferrugenous bodies (FB)in their sputa. Only 2f. 8(J) had unsatisfac tory spedmens(saliva). The number of FB/spedmen(4 Papanicolaou stained smears)were counted ad reported as "few',(l-14)t"^Irierafe,, (15-30), and"many',(30f). Of 75 w/FB, 43(577)had FB in aerosol specimens, 15(20T,)showed FB in spontaneous produced specimens, and 17(23VOhad FB present in both. The yield of FB in the aerosol induced specimens was almost twice that cf tv spontaneous speci mens. The 19 specimens revealing severe atypias were equally dis tributed between, aerosol induced and spontaneous sputa specimsB* : In the one patient whose sputa revealed squamous carcinoma ads, the chest roentgenogram showed no localizing lesions; however, fiberoptic bronchoscopy disclosed an ulcerative squamous cardnoma of the bronchus intermedius, proven by washing, brushing & biopsy. It is concluded that sputum cytopathology is an excellent, simple, noninvasive, painless and inexpensive means of early de tection of malignant and premalignant lesions of the lung, aid fat no spedal techniques are necessary tr (he detection of FB. t -11- AfiRrqTns, SMOKING AND LARYNGF.AL CARCINOMA. By Robert Morgan, 15.D., Department of Preventive Medicine I'niversl _y of Toronto, and r. T. Shettigara, K.R.C.V.S., University of Toronto. This study was designed to examine a previously reported relationship between asbestos exposure and laryngeal cancer. A retrospective case control study of 43 pairs of laryngeal cancer patients and their matched controls examined a number of variables, including smoking, asbestos exposure, and ether occupational factors. . Cases and controls were matched for age, sex and place of residence. The data indicate a highly significant association between asbestos | exposure and laryngeal cancer. Cigarette smoking was also J associated with the disease, although the strength of I association was not as high as that for asbestos. Exposure j to uranium, chromium, nickel, cobalt, arsenic, x-ray, and \ alcohol did net appear related to later development of t carcinoma of the larynx. Vie therefore conclude that > asbestos exposure and cigarette smoking are potent etiologic , ST0095205 1150-1160 M, was the most potent inhibitor of C2 and C4 biosynthesis. ProprioTactone and 2 nitrosocompounds also inhibited C2 and C4 synthesis, whereas their noncarcinogenic analogues had no effect. Some carcino gens may interfere with at least 1 normal function of the immune sys- OSEN, PETER, ANGELA SAVINO and MYRON MELAMED. ol., Mem. Hosp. Cancer and Allied Dis., New York, N. Y. 10021, USA.) Ferruginous (asbestos) bodies and primary carcinoma of the colon. AM J CUN PATHUL "61(l): " l$5^l38. Ilius. 1974. [In lSngf. with Engl, summ.]--There is considerable evidenfce that asbestos may contribute to the developmentof mesothelioma andtpulmonary car cinoma. It was also suggested that asbestos could participate in the genesis of colonic carcinoma. An attempt was made to isolate ferru ginous (asbestos) bodies from 21 specimens of bowel. The majority were from patients with primary carcinoma of the colon. No true ferruginous (asbestos) bodies were recovered. The significance of j these results is discussed. 1156. SELKIRK, JAMES K., ROBERT G. CROY and HARRY V. GELBOIN. (Mol. Carcinog. Sect., Chem. Branch, Natl. Cancer Inst., Bethesda, Md. 20014, USA.) BenzoTalpyrenemetabolites: Efficient acunivdi raaApyiidu separAatUiovnii bUyj high-precsosouuriec Ali1q4uUiIUd vcihurovumiAaWtoggAraapphuyj .1 OfiCVi leNc (Wash D C) 184(4133): 169-171. Ulus. 1974. [in Engl, with Engl. summ.]--High pressure liquid chromatography can separate 8 metabolites of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene formed by rat liver microsomes. This method offers major advantages over previous tech niques used for the separation of oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hy drocarbons. 1157. SHIMIZU, HIDESUKE, DONALD NAGEL and BELA TOTH. (Eppley Inst. Res. Cancer, Univ. Nebr. Med. Cent., Omaha, Nebr. ! 68105, USA.) Ethylhydrazine hydrochloride as a tumor inducer in mic INT J CANCEiT i3'(4): 500-5(5571574. [In Engl. wi'fh'Engr. ana Pr. summ.]--The lifetime administration of 0.0125% ethylhydrazine hydro , chloride in drinking water to randomly bred Swiss mice, beginning at 7 wk of age, induced tumors of the lungs and blood vessels. Eightyeight percent of the treated females and 62% of the treated males de1 veloped lung tumors, whereas among the controls, the incidence was 01 o Inc., JTVua I liuhietrtel Hygtane Die--t March UTS 2M/79 VohBhrr Wot-- C<--iillani i fact Signed, Awfflr WMh Union OSHA baa signed another whan Association--bat apparently with CD*! eeoaaal. At laaat. thraa major according to tba Labor 1 Union, and tba Operative Mocha ia an inherently w / procaaa. with aotaa bnh fanwally < Under tba adnriujr egrsamait. tba aaanriattna will i to notaa at concrete block planta by Dacaaibar 1. ttTV. Tba i Atwalkal Laboratoriaa, Elmhurst, W.Y.. todanhp k-aible|bKb|andi noiaa reduction that aacb ccaipany cowered by tba agraauant will i i to inidata I--sdlataly any i feasible. or toond to ba foatihls daring tba tana at tba agreement, and ciwpVata 1 data. ---Occupational Health t Safety Latter 5: 2*3, January 22. 1979 I ltlO.Wr Inorganic Arsenic. ^` 0,5 Paradaalbla exposure Unit: Mo employee any ba exposed to alxborae eonoantrattona of inorganto araanie greater than 0.004 mg Aa/cu m aa determined on an eight-hour, that weighted average bates; or a ceiling Uadt groatar than .01 ng Aa/cu n averaged orar any 19 adnata parted daring tba mfctag day. Mo employeeCH nay ba aapoaad to any akin nentaet with liquid araania toiohlerida, or to topaatod tedn entente arith liquid or olid Inorganic araanie likely to cauae aldn irritation. PatamlnatVoi and monitoring of arpnnira- Bach an* ployor who haa a place of eapatant in which inorganic aranilo ia pradooad, reacted. ayntbaaiaad, ralaaaid packaged, repackaged, stored, readied or uaad ahall iaepect each work place and work operation to accurately determine if any employee may be exposed, wllbout regard to tba aee it reaplratars, to iuorgmlc araanie above the action lavel. Where a detarwinetion ahowa the poaaibUlty of any anployaa exposure to excise of the action lavel, without regard to the use of respirators, tba naployar ahall Immediately make neaauremepte to accurately determine the actual exposure for each each employee. Such meaaaranents shall ba repeated at least monthly for any employee who ia exposed, without regard to tba uae of respirators, in arcane of tho per missible exposure limit. Such meas>iramanta shell ba repeated at laaat bimonthly far any snipIcyaa who ia ex posed. without regard to the use of reap!raters, in excess of the action level. Such measurements may ba dis continued for any employee only when at least two consecutive maaeurwnwits, made not teas than five working days apart, ehow expoeureo for tho employer art at or bolow tba action level. Methods of compHence: Em ployee exposures to inorganic arsenic shall be controlled to or bolow tba permissible exposure limit by engi neering controls, work practices, end personal protection oontrola aa follows: (1) Boginearing controls teiall be instituted immediately to reduce exposures to or bolow tho permissible exposure limit, except to the extent' that such oontrola ere not feasible. (2) Wherever feasible engineering oontrola which can ba Instituted lmmedi ataly ere net sufficient to reduce exposures to the permissible expoaure limit, they ahall nonetheless ba uaad to reduce exposures to the loweat practicable level, and ahall ba supplemented by work practice centrals and by respiratory protection. A program shall ba established and implemented to reduce exposures to or below tho permissible exposure limit, or to the greateet extent feasible, eolely by mesne of engineering controls, as eoon as practicable. (3) Written plana for such a program shall be developed and furnished upon request for examination and copying to the Assistant Secretary and the Director. Such plana ahall ba reviewed and re vised as necessary, at least every six months, to reflect the currant atatus of such a program. --Federal Register 10: 3391-3404, January 31, 19T5 Asbestos^in Water. 272/75 Asbestos in water can be determined by a modified electron microscope technique developed at Dow Chemical Dr. Robert J. Moalenaar told a Chlorine Inetitute meeting in New Orleans that a transmission electron micro scope equipped with selected arse electron diffraction and an energy dispersive spectrometer can Identify, count, and maaeura tba elsa of asbestos fibers ia diaphragm-call chior-alkali process etrenas. Dow finds 1 ppb asbesloe levels in its chlor-alkali effluent. --Chemical I Enginstring News S3: II, Fabruary 10, 1175 Textile Workers File Petition for Revision of Cotton Duet Rule . A petition seeking revision of the occupational health standard for cotton duet eras filed with the Department of Labor by the Textile Workers Union of America, AFL-CIO. Sol Statin, TWUA general preaidant, scon ., the Ford Administration for its "inordinate delay" in developing an appropriate oottan duet standard. In a latter to Assistant Secretary of Labor John H. Stender. Statin warned that "immediate action" eras naadad to prevent ST0095207 Bretons Pi--< April 1875 --Uma Dtodtoreas Ruled Manl but Coart Says BmUh Btofc pat temtotet. 418/75 ! i tafwPM 8mWm, a fated appeals court bara ruled M8<Mk*r|M Mttttdrad watu by If rrmnfto'ag f 'Imp ra |irm-iirr,ng|rlir`V --*--"tr ***-- "giv* rtoetoa pctenttelforesttofoepubHe health." Is adMfan. foe Bgbfo Circuit CourierAppeal* ruled that tfaedtoiteargas violate bM4 state laps aud fafa paHuHas oonlnil ragulattoue. Iwa as. Is a wnfally wria8, dateltod. 181-pap tpfaika. foe court said the danger to health uaamtlmmtn wit aud fouaB*itrvc didst bass 4s ttourtnate Ha operations ateoes. Tbs case tea drawn nationwide attoutfon bacansa tt pits ooouomic briars Ossarre Mining la a major uaploycr la the Silver Bay araa) against anlnwlal and health uouoams. Ths eoart itoelf appeared mind ful of ads, aad aaid It was attempting to "strike a proper balanne bats eat tfas beoefito ooalarred aad the hazards created by Reserve's faculty." Tbs eoart. among other things. derided that air aailaaliMia praeant "a hasard of greeter significance" teas water dischargee. Thua, It ruled that "Boaorvo stoat take reasonable Immediate steps to redoes Its air amissions." Sasafag ap tfas health issues, tbs oourt oonehadad, "It enad be forecast that the rates of caoear will increase foam drinking Labs Superior water or breathing Silver Bay air. Tbs beat that can be said Is foot the ealstanes of this asbestos contaminant la air and water glees rise to a reasonable medical concern ter foe public health. Thai pobHo7a espoaura to sab sates fibers In air and water erastee seam health risk. Such a contaminant afaowld be ramorsd." Ths oourt said that during the ap peal proceedings, Basarva said it would spend $243 edition for plant altsratiioas and construction to halt air aad water pollution. The oourt observed: "Soma pollution and onsuing environmental damage are. unfortu nately, an Inevitable oooooaaitant of a heavily industrialised economy, ki tbs ahsenos of proof of a reasonable risk of Uaminent or actual harm, a legal standard requiring Immediate cassation of industrial operations will .sues unnecessary economic loss, including unemployment. aad In a ease such aa this. Jeopardise a contin uing domestic source of critical metals without conferring adequate countervailing benefits." In a footnote, ths oourt mentions that Reserve employs about 3,000 workers "and la central to the economic livelihood of Silver Bay aad surrounding oommunities." Thus, foe oourt sold, the district court "abused its discretion by immediately closing this major industrial plant." --Wall Street Journal 185: 14, March IT, 1878 Second Circuit Denies Motion for Stay of Vinyl Chloride Buie la All Raspseta. A motion to atay the ruling of the U .S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upholding the permanent standard for vinyl chloride pending application for review by the Supreme Court eras donled by the Appeals Court in all reapecta on February 25. The motion, filed by the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc., Fire| stone Tire a Rubber Company, and Union Carbide Corporation, included also a request that foe oourt direct the terms of the emergency temporary standard be in effect during the interim period. This also, waa denied. j SPI la expected to file its petition to the High Court shortly, aad probably will add to it another motion for stay because of the Second Circuit's denial. --Occupationel Safety Health Reporter 4: 1344, March 13, 1075 OSHRC Rules Contest of Proposed Penalty Alone Automatically Affirms Citation Charge. The Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission baa upheld the principle that when a company con tests only a proposed penalty within the time period for objecting to enfcroenent actions under the law, the unoonteetad violation itself ia automatically affirmed and cannot be reviewed by the oommiaalan. In a hearing on the case, the judge ruled that although in its letter to OSHA the firm had contested only the amount of the proposed penalty, it later denied the charge before the case waa placed on the trial caltedar and within 20 days after OSHA'a formal complaint waa issued. He concluded that both the alleged vloletion and foe pro posed penalty were issues properly before him for decision. In review, however, the commission reversed 1 the judge's derision, ruling that the only issue within OSHRC'e jurisdiction was foe proposed penalty. The : Commission assessed a $100 penalty (OSHRC Docket No. 1848). I --Job Safety a Health Report 8: 39, February 24, 1975 ! 418/75 OSHA Delay in Issuing Citation Results in Dismissal of Charge. OSHA'a delay in issuing a citation within a reasonable time following inspection of a job site has resulted in dismissal of the charge by Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, in a caee Involving a New York construction firm. An employee of the firm waa installing perimeter guard rails around the 18th Door of aa apartment building under construction when he foil off the building rmd waa killed. OSHA charged that the firm foiled to provide the employee with a safety belt for personal protection and proposed a 8900 penalty for the violation. The firm coots*ted the charge, noting OSHA'a 2-1/2-month delay in issuing the citation. OSHA claimed the delay was due to a secretary's illness and the area director's preoccupation with additional training duties. The throe-member commission upheld a finding in tha firm's favor ruling that the delay was unreasonable (OSHRC Docket No. 2123). --Job Safety t Health Report 5: 39, February 24, 1075 ' 8 toduetrtel Hrala-- Dlaato Ane-il ltT ST0095208 4II/TS Chapter XVn--Oocunettonal Safety id Hott MatotwHw: Fart HWHUcorilM and KwcrtlBI OeewUonil lnhiriee and nines--s . la accord-- wMi 3* CFB 1404.13(a). m employer who tad no mere ttaa tat (10) --piny-- day -- time during calendar year 1073 need not ooeaply aid any of ta raqidr--rte of 30 CFI Fait 1004. rarapt 11004.0 ooncerntog fatalities or multiple boepitaHsatiou eeddamta (l.e., he need cot prepare Ota log. OSHA 100. ta suppieomntsiy rooord, OBHA 101, nor pcepere or pod foe aaaaaaiy. 08HA 103). Ota an --ployar with only eight, alaa, or tan employees la notified la writing to March, UTS by too Bursae of Labor Statistics that ho hao boaa aalaetad to participate to a statistical aurray ofocoupattoeal tojurlsa and Utooooao tar 1074. ha must raport to tha Buraaa of Labor Statistics a tootake of raomdo kept during colander yoar U74. ElZacUvo data. Thia notice to effective Fabraaiy 12, 107S, aad will ooettouo to bo applicable tar oa keg at the funding limitation to Pub. Law 03-517 remains to affect, talaoe modified or revised by too AesMant Secre tary to tha Federal Register. --Federal Regtotar 40: 7004. February U. UTS <20/73 POL Telia Court New Permanent "MOCA* Standard Could be Developed by July U. ^21/7^ Tha Department of Labor, raapoadtog to a question of the U .S. Third Circuit Court of Appeala. oaidaaew permanent standard tor occupational exposure to 4,4'-Methylmie bio (3-chlcroaniltoa) (MOCA) could bo de veloped by July 15. 1075. The court vacated and remanded the MOCA standard and ramandad medical anami nation requirements as well as research laboratory provisions of all 14 carcinogens to a decision to Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association. at al. v. Brennan (No. 74-1129) an Deo--bar IT (20SBC 1402). Tha Government filed a petition for rehearing on the dactoion noting tha effect of vacattog too Mandat'd would leave workers unprotected. The Government considered the court's action "too drastio a remedy." and sug gested the MOCA standard by remanded ae were other issues in the case. The petition for rehearing mggeeted also that a new standard could be developed. Subsequently a MOCA standard Identical to toe ana vacated by tha court was proposed by OSHA "to provide protection for workera. * Stephan EUperta, attorney for tha appellate section. civil division of tha Justice Department, representing toe Labor Department noted in hia response to the court the time was necessary "since regulation of industrial caroinogmia has proven to be extremely controversial, resulting in numerous appearances and tha submission of widely varying regu latory , technical, and scientific views. These views muat be studied and evaluated by the Secretory. Since the hearing record will probably close no earlier than April 30, 1173, a July IS cutoff data will give the Secretary 10 weeks to consider the evidence end to issue a new final standard. This wa consider a reasonable and nscaaaary time for evaluation." --Occupational Safety a Health Reporter 4: 1347-1244, February 20, 1375 Medical Exams Required for Asbeatos Workers . t A Review Commission Judge baa ruled that an employer muat prcvi is medical examtaatloes tar employees ex\ posed to any concentrations of airborne asbeatos. United Engineers and Constructors, tec., tad contested 1 an OSHA citation for failing to provide preplacement, annual, and and-of-employmant examinations for work ers engaged to sueh asbeatos operations aa stripping dry Joints, aleevtog induction heating anile, and pulling cable. The company argued that OSHA'a asbestos standard requires the exams only If an employee is exposed continually to more than five fiber* of asbestos par cubic centimeter. Administrative Law Judge John Morris, however, held that the standard requires exams if employees "are exposed to airborne eonoantrattone of as bestos." The company also challenged tha haiards associated with asbestos and argued that because tha exams are for research purposes, OSHA should pay for them. Morris ruled, though, that once a standard baa bean promulgated, OSHA is not obliged to defend its scientific basis to each case. He addad that tha primary purpose of the medical examinations la to protect employees, not to research the haiards cf asbeatos. --Job Safety 1 Health 3: 20, March 1175 <22/75 OSHA Awaits Legal Opinion on 11(c), Who Should Pay for Safety Equipment. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is awaiting a decision by the Labor Department Solicitor's Office to regard to an employer'* right to require employee* to purchase protective safety equipment and whether such a requirement violates tha discrimination provisions in Section 11(c) of tha Occupational Safety and Health Act. Benjamin Mints, Associate Solicitor, said the standards do not deal directly with who Is re sponsible for purchasing safety equipment. The issue is being addressed by tbs Third Circuit Court of Ap peals to s decision of the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission that wss challenged regarding responsibility for purchase of safety shoes to The Budd Company (1OSHC 1544). Mints oonflrmed that the Solicitor's Office is preparing an opinion on the issue for OSHA. --Occupational Safety t Health Reporter 4: 1321, March 8, 1975 industrial Hygiene digest April 1975 I INDUSTRIAL DUSTS AND INHALANTS I 473/75 Background Docualn<w on Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Airborne Asbestos . Apod. Am. Ind. Hyg. Ann. J. 3*,: 91-103, February 1975. 99 rate. Thia review preswits background infanniUM" and literature dooumantaboo to aupplamaot tba "Recommended Procaduraa lor Sampling and Counting Aabastoa Fibers: Procaduraa lor tha Evaluation of Oooupational Expo- aura to Airborna Asbestos" praparad by tha joint ACGIH-AIUA Aerosol Haiarda Evaluation Committae. It re- viawa tba nature of tha inhalation haxard aaaociatad with aabaatoa fibara, tba aampling and analytic methods which have baan used, and a rationale lor tha aalection of tha membrane filter eampling-eptical phase micro- scope Identification and aasay methodology which ia raoommandad. --Author's abst. ^ 474/75 Technological Feasibility of tha 3 Flbara/co Aabaatoa Standard in Aabaatoa Textile Fact11ties . H.A. Curtis and P.J. Blsrbaum. Am. Ind. Hyg. Asn^T^ff no-129, February 1975. 9 refs. Tba ta^Knirei feasibility of developing duet control practios which would bring tba aabaatoa industry into oomplianoa with OSHA 2 fibers/cc standard, scheduled to become affective July 1, 1979, has bean questioned since its promulgation. This paper presents tha results of industrial hygiene surveys, including the results of 243 aehaatoa air samples, conducted at two aabaatoa textile production facilities which have achieved the 2 fibers/oc standard. Both facilities use nonconventional production techniques. Conclusions drawn from the investigations express tha need lor: (1) a study of new products; (2) a tool to motivate consumers to awitch to tha new products whan appropriate; and (3) legislation which will protect all domestic producers of asbestos textiles from certain producers who do not have to absorb tha added expanse of meef'ig the OSHA standard. --Author's abet. atferjPftJag?Asbestos ContF&l l"5tdaBf hElaectric Generating Plante J.H. Fontaine and D.M. Trayer. Am. Ind. Hyg. Aesn.J. 39: 129-130. February 1975 . 7 refs. A program to oontrol industrial work exposures to airborne asbestos fibers is presented. Tbe program is consistent with OSHA standards and with current good industrial hygiene practice. The program includes methods of problem evaluation, the establishment of effective corporate standards, and provisions for en vironmental and medical surveillance. Haxard oontrol measures and techniques are discussed and their merita related. --Author's abst. Prevalence of Asbestos Bodies in a Necropsy Series in East London: Association With Disease, Occupa tion, and Domiciliary Address. I. Doniach, et al. British J. Ind. Med. 32_: 19-30, February 1975. 13 refe. The prevalence of asbestos bodies was measured in lung sections in a necropsy aeries carried out at the Lon don Hospital (1995-99) after exclusion of all known asbestos factory workers and cases of asbeetosis and of mesothelioma. Associations were sought between the presence and number of asbestos bodies with the pa tients' sex, domiciliary address, occupation, industry, and diseases recorded at necropsy. Asbestos bodies were present in 42% of the 219 men in the series and in 30% of the 178 women. The number of bodies in the positive cases was email in comparison with the numbers eeen typically in asbeetosis; thus there were less i' '. than 9 asbestos bodies per 9.75 mm3 lung tissue In 107 of the total 145 positive cases in contrast to 1,000 or more in asbestosia. In comparison with the overall series, an increased number of asbestos body positive? was present in males with carcinoma of stomach and females with carcinoma of broast. In view of this finding lung sections were oounted in further post-mortem examples of these carcinomas making a total of 50 males with carcinoma stomach and 82 females with carcinoma breast. Thirty-five positive cases were found in the carcinoma stomach group aa against 22.7 expected and 38 in the carcinoma breast group against 28.35 ex pected. There was no excess of observed over expected asbestos body positives in 51 males with carcinoma of bronchus. Thera was an excess of asbestos body positives (80.9%) in heavy manual workers and in both heavy and light manual male workers in the shipping (91%), electrical and engineering (59%), and transport (54%) industries. The incidence in stale clerical workers was 12.8%. The incidence of asbestos body posi tives according to home address was highest (53% in males, 45% is females) in patients living in the industrial and dockland area due east of the hospital. The incidence fell in the less industrisl ereas north-east of the hospital. Consideration of possible environmental sources of the inhaled asbestos suggests tbst in this sur vey occupation, industry, and domiciliary area all play a part. The comparatively minor intensity of aabesto* pollution is our positive cases showed a positive saaociatinn with carcinoma of stomach and breast, possibly playing a direct pathogenic role in carcinoma of stomach. No positive aaaocietion was identified with any other neoplastic disease including carcinoma of bronchus. --Author's abet.