Document Rj9dOrj6zayOyBEkmb6d715XX

22564 Cvurten HM.-iC .V. :v> -i" / `n Wi etc 22565 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents J. A. Costello Atlanta F. S. Cronin Baltimore B. R. Jones Boston A. B. Wyrick Chicago H. F. Dedo Dayton D. S. Flynn Kansas City M. P. Murdock Los Angeles R. L. Goltz New York C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Seattle Tulsa R. K. Scales Engineering L. Babnum Mfg. Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Mfg. Deepwater J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing E. J. Nieser Administration Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 1 Automobile Use Hits New High as 1939 Production Gains 40% Over Previous Year FACTORY sales of motor vehicles in the United States and Canada. during 1939. totaled 3.710,000, a gain of 40% over 1938, according to preliminary figures just completed by the Automobile Manufacturers Association. This rise in production accompanied a new high for the number of motor vehicles in use and gasoline consumption bv the nation's motorists reached a new record. Production in the year just ending includes 2,960,000 passenger cars and 750,000 commercial vehicles. In terms of dollars this means a contribution at the factory to the physical wealth of the country of $2,301,556,000. Added to this was a wholesale value of $1,283,540,000 for parts, accessories, tires for replacement and service equipment, making a grand total whole sale value of $4,585,096,000 for the motor industry. Motor vehicle registra tions in 1939 hit an all-time high. Indicative of the increasing contributions of the motor truck to the trans portation of goods throughout the country, registrations of commercial vehicles rose about 5% to 4,460,000. Continued development of motor bus transportation, both inter-state and within cities and towns modernizing their urban transport systems, is shown by the record high total of buses in use--134,000 against 132,600 in 1938. While registrations are revealing as to the use of motor vehicles, a more widely employed measuring rod is gasoline consumption. Here again, motor transport progress is confirmed by record gasoline totals. Estimated con sumption by motor vehicles during 1939 was 20,787,000,000 gallons com pared with the previous high record of 19,609,728,000. The tremendous growth of this form of transportation in a period of a generation is the outcome of continuous research into wavs of making better automobiles. This, coupled with improvement in fuels, has enabled the motor manufacturer to build a more efficient engine. The record total of motor vehicles in use for the year just past is largely a result of these policies, together with a downtrend of prices due to mass production, which results in today's motorist being able to buy three cars for what it would have cost for a comparable one in 1920. With most industrial indices pointing to a continuation of active business into the forthcoming year, the expectation is for a further gain in automo bile production in 1940. Most estimates of total output run between 10 and 15 per cent over 1939. In This Issue Automobile Use Hits New High as 1939 Production Gains 40% Over Previous Year To Europe by Clipper--1939 Style Representative Group Attend Ethyl Fleet Conference in New York "Jalopies" Wrecked in Cincinnati Blue Ridge is Testing Ground for New Fuel Ethyl Shows at Pageant of Progress in Baton Rouge "Tune-Up Time" Makes the Movies Wilmington, N. C., Home of EthylDow Places in First Aid Contest Go to Chloride Team Atkinson Heads Technical Service Di vision at Baton Rouge Plant Dixon, Williams in New Posts Some New Comers at Baton Rouge Plants Ethyl Chloride Plant Welcomes These New Operators Ethyl Motor Clinic Itinerary . Newsbriefs Service Awards ETC 22566 To Europe by Clipper --1939 Style Through the courtesy of a friend we print the following description of a flight to France. It was this same gentleman who made the trip on the Hindenhtirg (see "Xews," Xovember 1936). Y '"171 7E went aboard the Atlantic T V Clipper at Port Washington about 1:30 p.m. on August 16th, 1939, and were amazed at its size. The wing spread is 152 ft., or about half the length of a football field. It is a double deck flying boat, with four motors and weighs, fully loaded, over 41 tons. What keeps 41 tons up in the air baffles me, but any aero nautical engineer can explain it in a few minutes in polysyllabic words. The upper deck is composed of the pilot room, with access through the wings to the engines and a baggage compartment. The lower deck, start ing forward, has the crew's quarters, galley and bar, wash room, three large sitting-dining rooms, where one may smoke, and a series of berths. Pullman stvle, curtains and all. "Although the ship has a carrying capacity of 40 passengers on the trans-Atlantic hop, we only had 15, which made it very comfortable as berths were left so that one could take a nap or lie down at any time. "About two o'clock we taxi-ed out into the Sound and soon took off. Below us was the new Whitestone Bridge and Manhattan in the dis tance. We circled back over Doug- laston and down the centre of Long Island over Wheatley Hills, Riverhead. Montauk Point and then out to sea, passing Block Island, Martha's Yinevard and finally Nantucket at 3:10." "We flew at about 8500 feet and 150 m.p.h. Luncheon was served im mediately after leaving and dinner at about 6:30. It consisted of melon, boned squab, ice cream and fruit, a tempting meal for the most jaded appetite. About 9 p.m. we had a night-cap and put our watches four hours ahead, which was a novel ex perience to most of us when com pared with the half hour or so that one changes his timepiece on board ship. "The next morning we were up early to see the sun rise and try to spot Pico, which is an extinct vol cano in the Azores that rises about 5,000 ft. We were flying over the clouds and as the sun came up and finally topped them the colours were magnificent. About 8:30 a.m. we saw Pico sticking its nose through the clouds and soon after made a wide sweep and came down in the bay at Horta. It had taken us 16 hours fly ing time from New York. Here the plane was refueled and we went ashore for half an hour's drive. "After going aboard again we took off in 43 seconds flat, which struck me as pretty good going. We then flew along the coast of San Miguel Island gradually climbing. We picked out Punta Delgado and in the distance the crater of the extinct vol cano Sete Cidades. Soon we were above the clouds again, stretching out in all directions like a dazzling snow field. "In seven and a half hours after leaving Horta, we circled over Lis bon and made a perfect landing on the river Tagus. The current here is extremely swift and it took 45 min utes to pick up the moorings. We then went ashore, relinquished our passports, and underwent a perfunc tory examination of baggage by the customs. Soon we were roaring along through narrow streets with terrific hom-blowing and by 7:15 p.m. drew up at the Hotel Ariz which was once a private palace. It is small, only 20 rooms, but very much de luxe with large comfortable rooms with bath, an American bar, a delightful terrace with fountains playing, a large, high, cool dining room and excellent cui sine. Here we spent the night; some went out to the Casino in Estoril to Pan American Airtcays' Marine Base, Port Washington Passengers boarding Clipper at start of voyage "VSPHOTOFUL^Jl^l. / E1WrI, \EWl 'tp *9. [ sV- ETC 22567 try their luck; others to bed. "The next morning, Friday, Au gust 18th, was overcast and gloomy and we waited down at the dock for an hour while the pilots were getting weather reports. Finally, about 9 a.m. we took off on our last leg to Mar seilles and in four or five minutes we were up above the gloom in brilliant sunshine. We flew along at about 8500 ft. getting occasional glimpses of the sea coast through rifts in the clouds. About half an hour later one of the motors gave out and the pro peller was feathered and stopped. The other motors were speeded up and according to the captain we were still making about 130 m.p.h. "We flew south down the coast of Portugal and Spain, past Cape St. Vincent and had the good fortune to run out of the clouds as we ap proached the Straits of Gibraltar. It was a fascinating sight to look down on the Rock, which most of us had only seen from the water before. Be cause of our altitude it was consid erably dwarfed, but one could make out the fort, the town, warships in the harbour, LaLinea beyond and across the water the mountains of Morocco. On we went, past the Bal earic Islands, past Almeria which was shelled by a German warship in 1936 and along the flat delta country to Marseilles which we reached in seven hours. Here we were in France --actual time in the air 3012 hours. "At LaMarignane airport there was a special plane waiting for those who wished to fly on to Paris and eight of us decided to take it in spite of lightning and thunder in the dis tance. We climbed in, called for a quick brandy and soda and took off. It was a magnificent trip withal somewhat scary as we promptly ran into the storm and the plane bounced about in a most disconcerting man ner. The first 150 miles was over mountainous country which later flattened out. In a little over 2 hours we passed directly over Fontainbleau, mecca of so many tourists, and a magnificent sight it proved from the air. In 2 hours and 20 min utes we landed at LeBourget, hav ing made the 470 miles from Mar seilles at over 200 m.p.h. "Soon we were dining in Parisjust 48 hours after we had taken off from New York." Photos courtesy Pan American Airways Steward serving luncheon aboard one of Pan American JAWAHY 194 0 HP vi :s/_ Representative Group Attend Ethyl Fleet Conference in NewYork * THREE hundred and eightv- ers was Mr. Sumner Howard of AC three fleet operators, oil and Spark Plugs, who told of an interest automotive men recently attendeding new synthetic material for spark the fifth in a series of conferences plug insulators which is already in sponsored by Ethyl's Fleet Division production as standard equipment in New York City at the Downtown on two major cars. It is possible, he Athletic Club. The five daily meet declared, that this will replace the ings, during which the maintenance, traditional ceramic insulator -- now operating and engineering problems regarded as the highest development of bus and truck fleets were dis of the ceramic art --which has for cussed, came to a close with a ban years been the standard material. quet on the last evening for Ethyl's He exhibited a new midget spark guests. plug, 6 mm. in diameter, which More than a dozen experts in va seems to be working successfully in rious fields addressed the group, aircraft engines. This may be an in with an open forum discussion fol dex of a continuing trend toward lowing each talk. Among the speak smaller plugs which have already "Within the last four years trucks have increased their hauling ability from 75 ton-miles per gallon to 120 ton-miles pergallon."--Robert Cass,Whiie Motors The "hou>" and "why" of valve grinding is shown to an interested group by Mr. Fred Schell, of Black and Decker. gone from %" down to 14 mm. and ' even 10 mm. in size. In discussing ignition systems, Mr. J. T. Fitzsimmons of Delco-Remy suggested that one way of gaining finer control of spark timing--now recognized as a necessity to further increases in engine efficiency--lies in eliminating the long train of gears which connect the distributor with the crankshaft. Now that hand cranks are no longer in vogue, he suggested mounting distributors di rectly on the end of the main crank shaft. Mr. Paul Lane of American Ham mered Piston Ring, described the progress in piston ring material and design which has kept pace with the ring needs of modern motors with their faster speeds and higher com pression pressures. The fine points of valve grinding technique were illus trated by Mr. Fred Schell of Black and Decker. Carburetor design and maintenance was discussed and emplified with slides by Mr. E. F. Wen zel of Stromberg Carburetors, while Mr. E. A. Haskins of the Hercules Motor Co. spoke on the Diesel en gine and its probable future place in motor transport service. One of the most interesting talks was an open discussion on driver training, with an eye to improving ETHYL XEWS [4] ETC 22569 7*1 ? ~ -r- ' iTka. - ^ fuel economy as well as inculcating safe driving habits. Mr. Errol Gay of the Ethyl Gaso line Corp. started the discussion by enumerating several points of driver training acquired from his contacts with fleet operators. One observa tion he offered was that the most solid basis for good driving habits is a good understanding of the me chanics of a car--what each part is, what it is for and how it works. Mr. O. A. Axelson of Columbia Gas & Electric described the experi ence of his company in various driv er training programs, pointing out that although different systems had appeared to offer equal promise, some produced far better results than others. One of the more successful methods of inculcating good driving habits, it was found, was the use of 4- The bus of the future will ride as com fortably as a passenger car, predicts C. O. Guernsey, Vice President of J. G. Brill. Other developments expected: automatic transmission, better lighting and air conditioning. A brief recess between talks. their first several attempts. One of the requirements, for in- stance, is to drive an automobile backwards down an 18-foot road, weaving back and forth around a row of stakes without touching either curb or stakes. Mr. Julian Frey, Ethyl Gasoline Corp., described some highly interesting tests on the supercharging of a truck engine. It was found, he said, that although supercharging does not apparently increase the thermal efficiency of an engine, it enables it to deliver a much higher maximum power. These initial tests indicate a reasonable possibility of 4- effecting great operating economics by using light motors which will operate at full throttle--the most efficient point of engine operation -- when the truck is running at about half load and yet which will develop all power necessary for heavy loads by cutting in the super-charger as more power is needed, Two representatives of Mack Intemational, Mr. M. C. Horine and Mr. J. C. Fenner, presented a dialogue in which probable future development of trucks was discussed, The design of commercial vehicles, they said, was influenced as much by legal restrictions as by engineering reminders pasted on the windshield in front of every driver. Mr. J. Norman Spawn, who is en gaged in safety work with the U. S. Indian Service, described a unique mass training program for drivers. Many interesting facts were brought out such as the relative visibility of various colors--yellow is highly visi ble, blue is satisfactory, red and green are hardest of all to see, etc. Graduates of the training course are made to pass a test combining knowl edge and driving skill which is so severe that two of the state highway inspectors failed it badly during JAX VARY 1940 [ j] Mr. V. C. Young, of Wilcox-Rich, elaborates on a fine point of valve design. ETC 22570 developments. Present state laws are a baffling hodgepodge, they con tended; hardly any two adjacent states have the same requirements for maximum load on an axle, maxi mum pay load, maximum gross load, overall length, or minimum perform ance. The present trend of legisla tion indicates that future develop ment will probably be along the lines of smaller, lighter equipment with more efficient engines which can make faster trips and more trips per day. A notable feature of the meeting was the informal, friendly atmos phere and the spontaneous interest shown by every one present. Those who attended have already ac counted for enthusiastic word-ofmouth publicity. V. O. Hutton (Cambridge Instrument Co.) debates on the use of exhaust gas analyzers. "Jalopies" Wrecked in Cincinnati ALOPIES" seem to be in for a beating of late to judge by the campaigns of destruction being waged against them in various parts of the country. These jamborees promoted by Chambers of Com merce, Safety groups and used car dealer associations, have employed many novel and amusing methods to attract public attention and appar ently not without success. The latest of these to come to our attention was held in Cincinnati late in the sum mer and Ethyl's local representative, Mr. C. D. Boehme, was asked to par ticipate in the celebration. Having determined that seventy per cent of all cars sold last year were second hand models, the Cin cinnati Enquirer sponsored an Ex position of Unused Transportation to stimulate interest in the used car market. Forty car agencies were in vited to display two cars each and elaborate nightly fireworks displays were used to attract the crowds. During the Exposition some 35,000 people saw sixteen unsafe old autos completely demolished in a spectac ular manner. Twice each day a car was dropped repeatedly from a height of fifty feet onto a boiler plate floor and to insure complete demo lition this was followed by allowing a two-ton ball to fall on the engine. Ethyl's tie-up to the Show was to demonstrate that low grade gasoline would also go a long way towards ruining an engine. Miss Dolly Dawn, feature singer with George Hall's Orchestra, visited the Exposition and sang at Ethyl's exhibit. Patrons found her voice and personality very pleasing--the demonstrating engine interesting and instructive. Each agency sent a different used car salesman to handle its Exhibit for one day and the Ford Motor Co. brought two hundred men in one group. During the period Ethylman Boehme had an opportunity of run ning a demonstration for several hundred used car salesmen who had never witnessed one before. ETHYL A'EWS [6] ETC 22571 .V Of /J5lue Ridge is Testing Ground for New Fuel iV accompanying picture was snapped \just before the tests were begun on the Hagerstown City Airport run ways and later continued on South Mountain between Hagerstown and Frederick. In conducting the tests an ob server rode in the "mother-in-law" seat at the rear of the bus. In this position he could observe the results obtained from the various fuels and this information was relayed through a portable microphone to another observer riding inside the bus. Just before the start of the fuel tests on Blue Ridge Transportation Co. equipment. J. R. St. Germain and Errol Gay of Ethyl's engineering staff (in white) stand on ^ --c3j' either side of bus. The bicycle wheel in the rear is a "fifth wheel" device used to record miles per hour. The wheel drives a small generator which can be seen THE Blue Ridge Triansportation sought ways to increase the gasoline Co. recently provided the equip- yield of the various crudes and at the '/ ment for a series of gasoline testssianme time produce a fuel having a just below the observer's seat and a millivoltmeter calibrated in miles per hour across the generator gives co-operation with the Ethyl Corpo high anti-knock rating. The fuels de the desired readings. ration. The purpose of these was to veloped have undergone tests in the Cans of the test fuels were carried secure data on improved fuels which laboratory and in automobiles but inside the bus and piped through have lately been developed. until recently there had been no road the line coming out the slightly For some time refineries have tests in heavy duty equipment. The raised window to the engine. Ethyl Shows at Pageant of Progress in Baton Rouge N estimated ten thousand people saw the exhibit of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation at the Baton Rouge Pageant of Progress Novem ber 8th to 12th. The showing was sponsored by the Baton Rouge Divi sion of the Manufacturing Depart ment and by the Atlanta Division of the Sales Department. The Pageant was held in connec tion with the very popular annual rodeo and stock show at the Louisi ana State University Field House. In addition to the Ethyl Gasoline Cor poration a number of Baton Rouge industries had exhibits. These in cluded the Standard Oil Company of Louisiana; the Illinois Central Railroad; the Gulf States Utilities Company, local distributors of gas and electricity; Pelican Mattress Company, manufacturers of quality mattresses and furniture; and the Mengel Company, veneer manufac turers. The Ethyl exhibit was designed to show where Ethyl Fluid is manufac tured, and how it is used to improve gasoline. The booth was set up in front of a "Skippy" billboard saying "When you wanna go, you wanna go." The demonstrating motor in the center was flanked on one side by a large aerial view of the Baton Rouge plant and on the other side by a chart showing the products entering into the manufacture of Ethyl Fluid, starting with the primary raw mate rials, pig lead, salt, sea water, soda ash and sulfuric acid. Ethyl's participation in the Pageant of Progress was under the guidance of Mr. A. P. Stover, Assistant Gen eral Manager of the Manufacturing Department, and the exhibit at the Louisiana State University was ably handled by Mr. W. G. Mundinger of the Sales Department, Wallace Arm strong, James Huguet, George Matt son and Frank McCoy of the Manu facturing Department. [?] ETC 22572 A 'i-c*.: (U- P-2 *<* Tony Martin and Rita Haijworth in Columbia Pictures' new filmusical, "Music in My Heart." UNE-UP TIME" fans all over the country will have a chance to see how handsome tenor Tony Martin looks while singing those heart-throb ballads, and what kind of gestures Maestro Andre Kostel- anetz makes at his "Tune-Up Time" orchestra, when Columbia Pictures' new filmusical "Music in My Heart" is released for national theatre dis tribution about the middle of Janu ary. For metropolitan fans, plans are under way to show the new picture at CBS Playhouse No. 3 in Man hattan immediately following the January 15th broadcast of "Tune-Up Time," with members of the cast and that Monday evening's studio audi ence invited. In the picture which stars Martin and features Kostelanetz, both look, act and sound just as they do during broadcasts of Ethyl's Monday eve ning programs. The picture, accord ing to advance information, is the sort of light romantic comedy that best suits young Mr. Martin's stal wart good looks. As for Maestro Kos telanetz, he refused to let Holly wood alter him in any way, when studio officials suggested that he wear a toupee. He preferred to look like Conductor Kostelanetz, without Hollywood trimmings, and so he does. The feminine lead opposite Tony in "Music in My Heart" is Rita Hay worth, daughter of the famous danc ing Cansinos, who demonstrates a nice flair for comedy in addition to her singing and dancing. Miss Hay worth is brunette and beautiful. Edith Fellows, a blond youngster with a brilliant coloratura soprano, is the fourth principal of the plot. Supporting roles are in the hands of such perennial Hollywood funmakers as Alan Mowbray, Eric Blore, George Tobias, Joseph Cre- han, and George Humbert. Joseph Santley, former musical comedy star, directed the picture, which was produced by Irving Starr. Six new songs, written especially for Martin by Chet Forrest and Bob Wright, are introduced in the film. Some of these have already been heard on "Tune-Up Time" broad casts, others will be featured at the time the film is released. Ranging from swing to novelty, the songs, "No Other Love," "Punchinello," "Prelude to Love," "It's a Blue World," "I've Got Music in My Heart," and "Oh What a Lovely Dream" are guided and enhanced by Conductor Kostelanetz' direction and the support of his 45-piece or chestra. The plot has to do with the diffi culties of a handsome jobless young tenor, who lacks proper citizenship papers and is about to be deported. The unfortunate young man is shel- ETtlYL XEWS [8J ETC 22573 -M Rita Hayworth (on table) and Tony Martin rehearse a radio audition before Rita's kid sister (Edith Fellows) and George Tobias, her Russian chef, with an Italian street musician furnishing the music. Andre Kostelanetz in his screen role as radio maestro -- a scene from "Music in My Heart," Columbia Pictures filmusi- cal to be released about the middle of January. tered by a beautiful sophisticated feminine singer, in her old-fashioned East Side mansion, where her kid sister, a Russian chef, a street musi cian and her rich fiance, all become involved in convolutions of the plot. The story ends with the harassed tenor getting a job on a famous radio program conducted by a well-known maestro in a scene where Kostelan etz and the entire "Tune-Up Time" orchestra are shown making a broad cast. In this scene the broadcast is identified by a huge tuning fork and by the playing of "Tune-Up Time's" musical theme. Klieg lights are an old story to Tony Martin, who made his film de but in "Sing, Baby, Sing" in 1936. Subsequent pictures include "Sally, Irene and Mary," "Follow the Fleet," "Thanks for Everything" and "Win ner Take All." For Maestro Kostelanetz, "Music in My Heart" is his second screen appearance. His first movie role was with Jack Benny in 1937. Rita Hayworth, Tony Martin and Andre Kostelanetz are about to begin the musical scene which features Kostelanetz and the "Tune-Up Time" orchestra in Columbia Pictures' new filmusical, "Music in My Heart." AAXVARY 1940 [9] ETC 22574 \ Wilmington, N. C., Home of Ethyl-Dow v C \ o* i i ! v,.' THE Ethyl-Dow Chemical Com shipping large quantities of acid, al Wilmington, North Carolina. The busi i pany, which takes bromine out cohol, sulphur and other materials to ness district centers around and above of sea-water for anti-knock gasolineth, e plant, as well as for sending ethy the new customs house on the river, is located in one of the busiest sea lene dibromide--the finished prod where boat is moored. Downstream are ports and manufacturing centers in uct--out to the manufacturing plants several important oil terminals. the south--Wilmington, North Caro at Baton Rouge, La., and Deep lina. The bromine plant is relatively new to Wilmington--it began opera tion only five years ago--yet already it has become an integral part of the water, N. J., where Ethyl fluid is compounded. Wilmington answered these re quirements. Below it, the Cape Fear below: The famous Greenfield Lake, developed in 1930 as a community work-relief project. Swans and a rustic bridge lend charm to a picturesque life of this old and important city. River creates a peninsula 30 miles scene. There were many problems in finding a suitable location for the Ethyl-Dow plant. There had to be an unlimited supply of clean ocean- i water, at some point along the coast where the bromine content was rela tively high and where the water was i warm enough for this chemical to be extracted feasibly. There had to be some way of discharging the effluent water so it would not "dilute" the in coming water--and this is an impor tant consideration, .since there is only about a half-pound of bromine in every thousand gallons of salt water. There had to be facilities for I lO -i l{rr\ (\fr '/>4' NEWS [ >0 I ETC 22575 C. M. Shigley, plant manager. He runs the worlds only "sea-water mine." long, less than half a mile wide in several places. Locating the extrac tion plant on one of these narrow spots at Kure's Beach makes it pos sible to pump ocean water across the peninsula, into the plant for treat ment, then out the other side into the river where it travels a dozen miles before rejoining the Atlantic. The Cape Fear river also makes possible the shipment of materials between the plant and Wilmington by barge, while two railroads in Wilmington have terminal sidings along the waterfront for convenient loading. The presence of Ethyl-Dow has been reflected noticeably in the busi ness life of Wilmington. The 250 men regularly employed there spend a monthly payroll in excess of $30,000. The plant itself represents an investment of several millions of dollars. With the building of the left: Wilmington is one of the key cities on the celebrated Ocean High way, now the most popular route for tourists between New York and Florida. Many stop especially to see Greenfield Lake. Wilmington is 263 miles below Norfolk, 169 miles above Charleston. J. A. Hyland, Assistant Treasurer and Comptroller of Ethyl-Dow below: Ethyl-Dow straddles the Cape Fear peninsula between the Atlantic (at top) and Cape Fear River (bottom). Ocean water is pumped across the pe ninsula into the river, losing 67 mil lionths of its content as it passes through the plant. This is bromine--for every pound of which 2,000 gallons of water are treated. JAXUAUY t u to l -I 1 ETC 22576 OPERATION original plant, as with two subse quent enlargements, materials for construction were purchased locally as far as possible and all the labor was hired locally. Ethyl-Dow purchases a good list of supplies over the course of a year, most of them in Wilmington. Four teen thousand tons of sulphuric acid, made in fertilizer factories in Wil mington, are consumed. Seven thou sand tons of coal and seventeen hun dred tons of coke are bought from local dealers. Over a million gallons of alcohol come down the river to the plant. Even the lighting company had to increase their facilities to serve Ethyl-Dow, which uses over 30 million kilowatt-hours of current a year. Other materials purchased locally constitute the supplies for mainte nance--a big job, because the warm climate, salt water and sea air keep the plant's largest crew, the mainte nance men, busy combating corro sion. The Cape Fear River, on which most of these materials are moved, is a deep-water channel to the port of Wilmington. This port, at the junc tion of the Northeast River and the NOODLES Kaolin clay, a catalyst for the making of ethylene gas, is forced out into "spag hetti" or "noodles," then baked. It is used in short lengths resembling black board chalk, which afterwards are used to patch cinder roads around the plant. Cape Fear, handles about 60 million dollars' worth of imports and exports a year, notably cotton, canned foods, fertilizer, molasses, lumber and pe troleum products. The port of Wil mington is well known not merely because of its position in the world of shipping; it has been historically A sample is drawn off at one stage-- --and analyzed for chemical content. [*1 ETC 22577 I 1 \ C' S Executives: G. E. Cantwell, Supt. of Operation; D. L. MacDonald, Supt. of Maintenance; M. I. McGowan, Engi neer; J. E. D. Clark, Supt. of Transpor tation; ]. A. Croom, Office Supervisor. H. G. Roebke, Asst. Mgr., is shown in picture at right, holding silver cup. bight: Champion howlers, the Chem ists. C. M. Shigley (substituting for R.C. King), H. A. Humble, J. A. Bruton, H. G. Roebke, W. P. Schambra. famous since ten years before the Revolution, when armed citizens first resisted British authority. And during our Civil War, it was the last port to defy the Union blockade. Fort Fisher, which guarded the river mouth, was finally taken only after a furious three-day bombard ment by 58 warships and an assault by land from the rear. Confederate soldiers, retreating from the shat tered fort, passed through the terri tory now occupied by Ethyl-Dow. When workmen were excavating for the large settling-pond for the plant, they turned up a number of rifles, bayonets and other relics. Many sightseers come every year to visit the remains of Fort Fisher, which will probably become a national park. The spot is now marked by a monument to the Confederate sol diers who defended their last sea port there, a cement gun emplace ment and the grave of the Unknown Soldier of the Confederacy. V The old river mouth which the fort had guarded, known as "New Inlet" since a storm broke through the peninsula at that point in 1761, was blocked off by U. S. Army engi neers about 1900 to restore the river to its original length. It now forms one link of the great Inland Water way which follows the coast to Flor ida. Yachtsmen making the trip to Florida through this waterway often make a point of stopping at Wil mington to enjoy the facilities of the Carolina Yacht Club, America's sec ond oldest club for yachtsmen. Wilmington is also a stopping-off place for Florida-bound motorists on the Ocean Highway (Route 17). An Ethyl-Dow batter sends a hot liner through the White's Ice Cream infield. Other teams beaten in winning the In dependent League championship were the Atlantic Coast Line, City Optical Company, Wertheimer Bag Company and Taylor-Colquitt. Year before, as champions of the City League, the Chemists chalked up a record of 17 games won, 3 lost. JAXvAKY 1940 L13] ,/ ETC 22578 Many pause on their trip to enjoy the beauties of Greenfield Lake, a public park in the city which has attracted nation-wide attention. In this park, miles of smooth road wind about a lake which is picturesque with myrtle and long-leaf pine, with cyp ress trees standing in the water draped with gray Spanish mess. The lake itself, cleared of stumps to im prove the boating and swimming, is plentifully stocked with fish. Beauti ful flowers arid shrubbery line the roads that wind about the lake, as though it were the park of a million aire's estate--yet it is open to every visitor who passes by. This "Com munity Drive" is all the more re markable in that it was created en tirely by the citizens of Wilmington as a relief project in 1930 and 1931, with all money raised by voluntary subscription. Many of the citizens who worked I' on this park or contributed toward it now work for Ethyl-Dow. Three out of five Ethyl-Dow employees are natives of the Cape Fear region and the others have all made their homes in Wilmington or in nearby Kure's Beach, Carolina Beach, or Wrightsville Beach. Ethyl-Dow is more than Twice a month 250 pay envelopes go to Wilmington's Ethyl-Dow workers. If the calendar date should fall on Sat urday, Sunday, or Monday, then pay below: Fire drill along the river. A first aid team is carefully trained; all mem bers hold Red Cross certificates. They have several times done rescue work at a part of Wilmington's business com day is moved ahead to Friday. nearby bathing beaches. munity; it is one of the local citizens, so to speak. It contributes substan tially to local charities; it has at tracted nation-wide publicity for the The janitors, Paul Galog and George Henniker. George, one of the oldest employees, has a thriving farm just above the plant where he grows water melon, squash, corn and other native vegetables in abundance. He and his ivife served home-grown, home-cooked lunches to many of the Ethyl-Dow men. ETHYL SEWS [ '4 J ETC 22579 "Finished product" -- Ethylene dibro mide, clear as water but over twice as heavy. Truck carries 1,000 gallons, 18,000 lbs. Modern first-aid facilities are available. This year the plant has had only two lost-time accidents. city; it is represented in all but one of the many service clubs in town. Several men from the plant are also members of the local Engineers' Club. One of the best-known links be tween Ethyl-Dow men and the other people of the Wilmington region is the softball team which last year won the championship of the City League against the teams of several other companies well known around town. Inside the plant itself is a bowling league, with teams repre senting the Office, Construction, Shop and Chemists' staffs. For other diversion, members of the Opera tors' Club will occasionally hold an "oyster roast." Oysters are abundant around the Cape Fear district, by the way, and anyone who enjoys them will find several places where he can sit down and "eat his fill" for the flat charge of fifty cents. Shrimps are as abun dant as oysters -- or, if you prefer catching your sea-food with hook and line, you have your choice of fresh water varieties, salt water fish, or game fish in the Gulf Stream 50 miles offshore. Add to these attrac tions the inducements of outstand ing golfing and hunting country-- and you can see why the employees of Ethyl-Dow are glad the needs of their plant called for such a location! MAINTENANCE Painting goes on always to prevent corrosion from the salt-laden sea air. Every nut and bolt is kept tight. Main tenance requires largest crew. After lunch the men relax and light up. JAXUAllY I 9 to [15] A smoke and round of cards before the afternoon shift. ETC 22580 Places in First Aid Contest go to Chloride Plant Team :i ill n i i THE first aid team from the Ethyl Ethyl team which placed in two first Chloride Division of the Manu aid contests. L. to R.--Lorio, Blitzer, facturing Department at BatoDnorsky, Thomas, Adams and Voorhies. Rouge, has ranked high in the two contests in which it has recently par of the team is rated by competent ticipated. Competing against more judges, and each team is given a experienced teams in both cases the problem requiring various kinds of ethyl chloride group won second treatment for the patient. From one place in the Baton Rouge city-wide to thirty discount points are given contest on October 27th and fourth for every error, dependent on its place in the tri-state contest at nature, the team with the fewest dis Shreveport on November 10th. count points of a possible 2500 being The team was formed in the spring declared winner. The table of pos of 1939 under the direction of E. J. sible discounts is divided into four Lorio, Chemist in the Ethyl Chloride teen sub-divisions: 1. general, 2. Laboratory, who has had consider shock, 3. artificial respiration, 4. able training under the direction of bleeding, 5. wounds, 6. bruises, instructors from the U. S. Bureau of strains and sprains, 7. dislocations, Mines. The other members of the 8. fractures, 9. burns or scalds, 10. team, none of whom were experi application of bandages, 11. rupture, enced in first aid contest procedure, 12. poisons, apoplexy and snake bite, were Jerry Adams, the patient, Mr. 13. fainting, sunstroke, heat, exhaus J. Voorhiesand W. H. Thomas,lower tion, frostbites and freezing, 14. extremity men, Sidney Blitzer, shock transportation. A well-trained team treatment man and Julian Dorsky, must be proficient in every classifi upper extremity man along with cation. Captain Lorio. In the Baton Rouge city-wide con In such a contest the performance test the winning team from Gulf States Utilities Company had only two discount points and the second place Ethyl team had twenty-one out of a possible 2500. The standings of all teams in the tri-state contest sponsored by the Lovie McFarland Post of the American Legion at Shreveport on November 10th were as follows: Points Lost 1. The Ohio Oil Company Haynesville, La. . . 16 2. Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Haynesville, La. . . 26 3. Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Bossier City, La. . . 28 4. Ethyl Gasoline Corp. Baton Rouge, La. . . 29 5. The Ohio Oil Company Cotton Valley, La. . . 34 6. Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Bossier, La.....................43 7. Standard Oil Co. of La. Baton Rouge, La. . . 45 8. Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Haynesville, La. . . 46 9. Arkansas Fuel Oil Co. Oil City, La. ... 50 10. Southport Petroleum Co. Texas City, Texas . . 61 11. United Gas Pipeline Co. (Women) Monroe, La. . 89 For winning a place among the first four in the contest, each mem ber of the Ethyl Chloride Plant team was given a first aid kit. First aid training is considered a valuable part of the safety program at the Baton Rouge plant and classes are being organized so that such training will be made available. Ethyl Chloride Dio. First Aid Team in action at Tri-State competition at Shreveport, La. ' [ 16 ] ETC 22581 Atkinson Heads Technical Service Division at Baton Rouge Plant A TECHNICAL Service Division of the Manufacturing Depart ment was formed in Baton Rouge in October, 1939. The purpose of the group, which consists of seven engi neers and chemists, is to furnish process control, engineering and re search services. Its work for the present is mainly related to ethyl chloride operations and it will be un der the direction of Mr. F. D. Atkin son who has been placed in charge. Mr. Atkinson was born on Novem ber 8th, 1900, in Illinois but received his early education in San Diego, California. He served in the Field Artillery in 1918 and later attended Oregon Agricultural College, Stan ford University, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he was graduated in 1923. He was F. D. Atkinson employed for the next seven years by the Bethlehem Steel Company at 1930 transferred to Hydro Engineer Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and in ing and Chemical Company. While with that company he was engaged in the starting-up supervi sion of the hydrogen manufacturing units at the Bayway and Baton Rouge Hydrogenation plants and on other projects. He conducted the pilot plant development of the proc ess used for manufacturing ethvl chloride at our ELA plant and im mediately prior to his transfer to Ethyl he was directly connected with the development of the ELA plant as chemical engineer and tech nical supervisor for Hydro Engi neering and Chemical Company. Mr. Atkinson was married in 1921 and has five daughters. The Technical Service group, in addition to Mr. Atkinson, consists of Mr. W. F. Armstrong, Mr. S. M. Blitzer, Dr. Julian Dorsky, Mr. Ken neth G. Lee, Mr. C. W. Mattson and Mr. F. A. McCoy. Dixon, Williams in New Posts of Assistant Manager at the Plant. Bob Dixon graduated from Mc Gill University in the class of 1934 and was employed as chemist at the Deepwater Manufacturing plant in December of the same year. He re mained at Deepwater until July 1st, 1937, at which time, with the con struction at Baton Rouge well under way, he was transferred there to form one of the original group of Ethyl representatives at the new plant. The experience acquired dur ing the rapid growth of the Baton Rouge plant qualified him for this promotion to Assistant Division Manager. The Dixons expect to make their Paul R. B. Dixon home in Wilmington. Bob's chief hobbies are photography and golf. THE Manufacturing Department Rudy Williams graduated in have announced the creation of chemistry in the Class of 1933 from two new appointments at the Deepthe University of Delaware and was water plant which became effective employed as chemist at Deepwater as of November 15th. Mr. Paul R. B. June 1st, 1934. He has been at the Dixon and Mr. Rudy F. Williams plant the entire time, but was re have been promoted to the positions lieved of laboratory duties about the MM* Rudy F. Williams middle of 1938. Since then he has been working on special assignments at the plant and has been especially responsible for the safety program. Mr. and Mrs. Williams make their home in Wilmington, Delaware. Rudy's chief hobby is fishing. JAXVARY 1940 [I?] ETC 22582 4-' Some New Comers at Baton Rouge Plants 1 Wallace F. Armstrong joined the Detroit laboratory staff July 1st and transferred to the ethyl chloride plant as data engineer October 1st. He graduated from Uni versity of Florida in 1938 but continued one year of graduate work. 2 Phillip J. Bertin came to Ethyl July 1st as technical supervisor. For five years he was employed by Stand ard Oil Company of Louisiana. 3 Sidney M. Blitzer, chemist at the ethyl chloride plant since June 16th, has been awarded Master of Science degree from Ohio State University. He graduated from the University of Toledo, Class of 1938. 4 Dave J. Bums was employed as tank car inspector June 1st. He was previously with Union Tank Car Company at their Baton Rouge shops. 5 Ronald A. Coco was employed June 1st as a shift fore man at the ethyl chloride plant. For the ten years prior he was employed by Standard Oil Company of Louisiana. 6 Julian Dorsky came to the ethyl chloride plant Septem ber 1st as a research chemist. He was graduated from 1 Brooklyn College in 1936, received his Master's degree from Pennsylvania State in 1937, and has completed the work for his Doctor's degree, which will be con ferred by Purdue University in 1940. 7 Benjamin W. Fridge, laboratory assistant since Sep tember 12th, is a graduate of Louisiana State Univer sity, 1938. He trained at Officers School, Fort Bragg, North Carolina. 8 Cicero L. Guice was, for eleven years, with Standard Oil Company of Louisiana before coming to Ethyl as shift foreman at the ethyl chloride plant on July 1st. 9 John S. Honea has had eighteen years' experience as a machinist, including ten years with Standard Oil Com pany of Louisiana, before being employed as mechan ical foreman in the ethyl chloride plant on August 1st. ETHYL NEWS 1/ [18] ETC 22583 Is v\ 10 Rudolph B. Horstmann joined Ethyl November 27th as chemist in the tetraethyl lead control laboratory. He graduated from Loyola University in New Orleans last spring and has been teaching high school chemistry in New Orleans. 11 Melvin C. Hudgins employed as a maintenance engi neer on October 30th, prior to which he was with Shell Oil Company and the Louisiana Highway Commis sion. He is a graduate of Louisiana State University. 12 Juanita B. Lewis came to Ethyl as a stenographer Sep tember 5th. She was formerly with the duPont con struction department at the Baton Rouge plant. i 13 Edwin J. Lorio was employed as laboratory technician at the ethyl chloride plant on July 1st; was formerly with Standard Oil Company of Louisiana. 14. George W. Mattson was employed at the Detroit lab oratory June 5th, and transferred to the ethyl chloride plant as data engineer on August 1st. He received his B.S. degree in 1938 and M.S. in 1939 from the Michigan College of Mines and Technology. 15 Frank A. McCoy was formerly at the Detroit labora tory, being transferred to the ethyl chloride plant as data engineer on August 1st. He is a graduate of Mon tana State College in 1937 and received his M.S. degree from the University of Michigan in 1939. 16 Mrs. Eliza B. Sims was employed as a stenographer May 30th. Her home town is Natchez, Mississippi. 17 Mrs. Freydis T. Tugwell was employed as Stenog rapher September 11th, coming to Ethyl from the De partment of Revenue, Louisiana State Capitol. 18 Marvin L. Westbrook was employed July 1st as shift foreman at the ethyl chloride plant. For the eighteen years prior he was employed by Standard Oil Company of Louisiana. 19 Geraldine E. Wilkes-was employed as a stenographer in the ethyl chloride plant on July 24th. She is a gradu ate of Louisiana State University, 1939. Ethvl Chloride Plant Welcomes Irf These New Operators i; i 1 Edwin H. Arnold 2 Leon M. Burley 4 3 Julius E. Henderson i 4 4 Lilburn F. Smith 5 Henry K. Wright 6 William U. Wright |i i Ethyl Motor Clinic Itinerary Clinic Number 1 A. D. Martin, Manager 2 L. A. Dollahan, Manager 2 W. A. Newman, Manager 1 G. B. Donohue, Manager > H. E. Cottrell, Manager e E. L. Mason, Manager 7 M. Littlefield, Manager 8 R. J. Covenev, Manager 9 I. E. Flaa, Manager IO C. M. Berry, Manager 11 S. T. Pruitt, Jr., Manager Division Los Angeles Chicago Dayton New York Tulsa Baltimore New York Boston Chicago Kansas City Atlanta Present Location Remains Approx. Next Location Opens Approx. Los Angeles, Cal. Permanently 977 West Sixth Street Sheboygan, Wis. 1/15 Eau Claire, Wis. 526 North Seventh Street 1/22 Mansfield, Ohio 1/15 Hamilton, Ohio 86-88 West Third Street 1/22 Buffalo, N. Y. 1461 Main Street 2/16 Jamestown. N. Y. 2/22 Corpus Christi, Texas 718-20 Mesquite Street 2/2 Waco, Texas 2/9 Winston-Salem, N. C. 1/30 Undetermined 631 West Fourth Street Newark, N. J. 2/14 Lancaster, Pa. Central Avenue at 17th Street 2/20 Albany, N. Y. 81 Lexington Avenue 1/15 Malden, Mass. 1/23 Kokomo, Indiana 1/15 Richmond, Ind. 400 West Superior Street 1/16 Saint Joseph, Mo. 1316 Frederick Avenue 2/9 Davenport, Iowa 2/16 Orlando, Florida 48 Webber Street 1/16 Tampa, Florida 1/24 [ 20 ] ETC 22585 NEWSBRIEFS We take pleasure in welcoming Miss June Ballou to the Accounting De partment in the Graybar Building. Although a resi dent of Xesv York for many years, June was born in West Hartford, Connecticut. She attended the Newtown High School in Elmhurst, Long Island, and received a diploma from the New York School of In terior Decoration. Her previous business connections include R. H. Macv and Co., Consolidated Gas Company and Southworth Contracting Corporation. June's favorite pastimes are swimming, tennis and archery. Bernard Mann, a newcomer to our Cost Accounting Department in the Graybar Building, was born in New York City. He graduated from the School of Commerce and Finance of New York University in 1936, receiving a B.S. degree in Ac counting. While studying at N.Y.I'..Ber nard's classmates elected him Vice Presi dent for Life of the Class of 1936. Bernard was formerly employed by Peat, Warwick, Mitchell and Co. and the Picker X-Ray Corporation. His Favorite sports are ice-skating, handball and tennis. We welcome Eliz abeth Churchill to the Kansas City Division. She has taken the position of Receptionist, prior to which she was with the Cen tral Surety and In surance Corpora tion. 0oo From the "Dveworks News," the Deep water, N. J., plant paper, the following article appears: "Lerov Armstrong, a pioneer member of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation's staff here, was elected to Penns Grove Borough Coun cil bv a vote of 1221. A Democrat, "Lee" hails from Dayton, Ohio, and started his career with the General Motors Corpora tion, transferring to Deepwater with the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation fifteen years ago. He has resided in Penns Grove since that time." We congratulate "Army" on his election and his willingness to accept his civic re sponsibilities. O We take pleasure in presenting Miss Dorothy M. Grif fith, a recent addi tion to the Manu facturing Depart ment at Deep water, N. J. Dot is a graduate of the Penns Grove High School and re ceived her busi ness training at Goldev College, Wilming ton, Del. Before joining the Ethyl family she was with the DuPont Company. Lawrence Wallev recently joined the Ethyl family as property man on the Dayton Divi sion's Ethyl Motor Clinic. Lawrence spent his early years at Bainbridge, Ohio, later moving with his family to Dayton ___________________ where he attended Chaminade High School and was graduated in June of 1934. He was very popular with his school mates and took an active part in Athletic activ ities, having received letters in Football and Track. His hobbies are swimming, baseball and hunting and he says he shoots a very, very bad game of golf. Before com ing with the Ethyl Corporation. Lawrence was associated with the Inland Manufac turing Company and Airtemp Corporation in Davton. William A. Colo was employed by the Chemical Re search Laboratory in Detroit on Oc tober 30th, 1939. He was bom in Boise, Idaho and was graduated from Lincoln High School in Ferndale,Michigan last June. At the present time Bill is taking an outside course in Business Administration. Sports of all kind appeal to him. The Following Service Awards have been made as of January 1st, 1940 TEN YEARS Walter J. Rantanen Baton Rouge Gasoline Testing Harold J. Ritchie Yonkers Gasoline Testing Russell Sciiell New York General Sales Marian H. Reitz Roy J. Monahan FIVE YEARS Baltimore Sales Baton Rouge Manufacturing ETC 22586 TAKE-OFF The Blue-Winged Teal solves the problem of extra power for take-off by pushing with his strong, webbed feet. He practically runs on the water until he has attained "flying speed." Aviation, too, is daily confronted with the prob lem of extra power for take-off... the difficulty of getting heavy planes loaded with tons of freight and passengers into the air. And the bigger they come, the more they need this extra power. Since additional reserve power can come only from improvements in fuels and engines. Ethyl engineers are constantly cooperating with aviation engineers in a program of practical research. Together they hope to find advances in engineering that will help lift the giant planes of tomorrow into the air. ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION manufacturer of anti-knock fluids used by oil companies to improvegasoline . _ ----------- Printed in U. 5. A. etc 22587 Like the postman who, on his day off, takes a nice long walk, so the air corps officers after a day of student instruction at one of the army's flying schools, go formation flying on their own * (See story on page 6.) ETC 22589 V 1 - 7J J SO c of ton Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP C LAREY. Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello Atlanta F. S. Cronin Baltimore B. R. Jones Boston A. B. Wyrick Chicago H. F. Dedo Dayton D. S. Flynn Kansas City R. L. Goltz New York M. P. Murdock Los Angeles C. F. Naylor Seattle L. L. Huxtable Tulsa E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum (Baton Rouge) C. Wasserman (Deepwater) Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN the "ethyl news" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 2 Should Business be Big or Little? / THERE are a hundred different answers to the question of how big business should be, but they all boil down to this . . . BUSINESS SHOULD BE AS BIG AS IS NECESSARY TO DO A GOOD JOB. Everybody knows that most rural communities depend for their liveli hood on revenue from the business of farming. In communities of that kind, small local stores may adequately serve the needs. On the other hand, a paper company, for instance, must be big enough to house and to operate at least one paper machine. Business is called upon to do all sorts of things. It must build rowboats and 15,000-ton battleships. It must make highly scientific devices which are correct down to millionths of inches, and it must build giant locomotives and great dredges like those used to dig the Panama Canal. The small crew of half a dozen workmen who build a house in Westbrook could never build such a structure as the Empire State Building, the world's tallest. Nor could the able craftsmen who build Gloucester fishing craft handle such a mammoth task as building the Queen Mary, a 1,000-foot luxury liner, pride of the British Merchant Marine. Business must be as big as it needs to be to do a good job and some jobs have to be done by big businesses. If the telephone companies were all small companies, as they used to be, it would take hours to make a phone call from Westbrook to Boston. If the automobile corporations were small companies, as they used to be, there would be no production lines for eco nomical manufacture. Cars would be made slowly and would be so costlv that we and our friends wouldn't be able to buy and own automobiles. Henry Ford once was employed as a mechanic and was a good sort of fellow. When he pawned his watch to raise money to finish his first low priced automobile, he had become a small business man, but he was still a pretty good fellow. Now Henry Ford is one of the biggest men in the world, but he's no better nor worse than he was when he was a mechanic. Today he is in the position of the fellow who had caught a tiger by the tail. He just can't let go because so much depends on his holding on. Today there are thousands of people running small businesses and holding jobs that exist because of American enterprise. If these organizations were forced to shut their plants or to break them down into small units, such action would create a minor panic that would harm everybody and throw thousands of people out of jobs. American business has become big because America has grown too big Continued on page 19 In This Issue Should Business be Big or Little? New Sub-Stratosphere Transport How Student Flier "Makes the Grade" Ethyl Motor Clinic in Eighth Corps Area, U. S. Army Ethyl Rides With Fisk Tire Test Fleet East Texas Refiner Introduces New Fuel Ethyl Trademark Costume Wins Newsbriefs ETC 22590 -0 V |iu ^4 ' y___ New Sub-Stratosphere Transport Takes Its Own Pulse ANEW sub-stratosphere com The "Tell-Tale" device which auto mercial airliner has just been matically checks the functioning of all completed by Curtiss-Wright. Deinstruments and vital parts of the plane signed in collaboration with engi neers of leading airlines, the ship fully answers the requirements of those companies who want a larger and faster ship for transcontinental and supplements the so-called Sperry "automatic pilot." Decreasing "pilot fatigue," it promotes air line safety. The pilot simply presses a switch cor responding to whatever operation he requires, and a battery of lights on the or non-stop service. It will carry 36 "Tell-Tale" panel immediately indi passengers at altitudes up to 20,000 cates any necessary controls or instru feet, with a cruising speed of three ments which must be adjusted. and a half miles a minute. An out standing innovation on this plane is planes of this size usually have four a self-checking instrument panel de motors, the new Curtiss-Wright car signed to increase materially the ries only two engines in the interest safe handling of the ship. of simplifying both upkeep and Dwarfing any transport in sched flight operation. Either engine will uled operation in the country, the raise the ship to a ceiling of 13,000 new ship is 75 feet long, stands nine feet by itself. With each motor de teen feet high, and has a wing span veloping over 1500 horsepower, the of 108 feet. Fully loaded, it weighs plane has been designed to cruise at 19 tons; fuel tanks carry 1,000 gal 210 miles an hour, with a top speed lons of aviation gasoline. Although of 243, and to climb at the rate of 1440 feet per minute. Standard mo tive power is a pair of Wright "Cy clone 14" engines; when equipped with "Duplex Cyclones" the cruising speed is raised to 230 miles on hour, maximum speed to 273, and rate of climb to 1750 feet a minute. Engines are equipped with 15-foot, electric ally adjusted propellers, which shift into "low" pitch for takeoffs, or feather completely when one engine is dead to avoid "wind-milling" and setting up destructive vibration. The new super transport is versa tile in design; it may be fitted out as a passenger liner, carrying 36 to 40 guests and a crew of 3 to 5; with berths it will sleep 20. Or it may be a club transport carrying 30, with 6,000 pounds of mail and express. Slight moderations make it adapt able for military service. To operate in sub-stratosphere altitudes such as ETHVl, \EWS [2] ETC 22591 20,000 feet, with equivalent "cabin altitude" or pressure equal to 6,000 feet, the cabin is pressure-tight. This calls for a special cross-sec tional design to withstand buckling. A slice through the mid-section of the ship would reveal a cross-section composed of two C-shaped rings facing each other at their open ends (see illustration). The bottom half of the plane, or smaller ring, is a half-circle, open at the top, decked over by the inside floor of the plane. The upper half of the shell is an other C-shaped ring, larger in size and more than half a circle, with the open side at the bottom, closed off by the same floor. The floor thus acts as a tension tie between the two rings, opposing any tendency on the part of each ring to expand or con tract at different altitudes. Wing design has been improved, incorporating a modified airfoil to ward the tips for increasing stability and sure control at minimum flying speeds. The plane thus can land at the relatively low speed of 70 miles an hour without the danger of "fall ing off on one wing." And with an eye to the possibility of further de veloped blind flying technique, the landing gear is constructed with an extremely long shock absorber travel to permit landing at a rate-ofdescent of 800 feet a minute. Far and away the most important feature of the new plane, however, is the safety feature of a much- simplified control and instrument panel, known as a "Tell-Tale." The average layman has no idea of the number of gauges, indicators and controls recording the information vital to the safe handling of a large modern airliner--a conservative esti mate would be over 200. Each sepa rate engine, for instance, will have a set of gauges, indicating fuel pres sure, oil pressure, oil temperatures, cylinder-head temperature, vac uum, air pressure, magneto voltage, generator cut-out, mixture control, propeller pitch, etc., etc., and the same is duplicated for each motor. By using two engines instead of four, many of the indicators which have to be periodically checked are eliminated--and this lessens the "pilot fatigue" which is at least a contributing factor in many acci dents. Pilot fatigue, incidentally, is a very real factor in airplane opera tion. An automobile owner may start his motor in the morning, and drive either to the railroad station or to a business appointment three I noJvled ing >ur, of nes richift or ;ine and rsat as . 40 vith . be vith ess. aptrate h as 'S FEBRUARY 1040 [3] ETC 22592 states away without thinking again of the engine until he stops at a fill ing station for a routine check-up of gas, oil and water. Whereas a trans port pilot continually nurses each engine along at its peak efficiency, even adjusting the air fuel ratio for different speeds, altitudes, or tem peratures, with a built-in exhaust gas analyzer keeping tabs on the mixture. Besides watching his alti tude, speed, compass course, and so on just for navigating the ship, he has to fly it, keeping it on a previ ously-chartered route which has been planned on the ground before he took off. Nor do his responsibili ties end there. Over his cap, or built into his helmet, are a pair of ear phones connecting him at all times with company stations along the route or keeping him "tuned in" to radio beacons by which he can cal culate his course. He has to "report in" every so often--or both the com pany officials and the Civil Aero nautics Authority will be calling for an explanation. In short, he is busier than the one-armed paperhanger. Anything therefore which will simplify the pilot's manifold respon sibilities contributes to safer flying. With this thought in mind, CurtissWright engineers eliminated 33% of the many instruments that need at tention. Most important of all, they devised a remarkable "Tell-Tale" system of mechanical instrumentreaders that instantly reveals any one of 47 indicators or pieces of ap paratus which are not functioning as they should. Without this device it has heretofore been necessary for the pilot first to locate each instru ment, then to adjust his mental processes to interpret its reading. With it, he merely pushes a button and any trouble announces itself by a light. On the instrument board is a panel mounted with a series of but tons and rows of transparent let tered nameplates. Each of the but tons is marked--Start, Taxi, Take Off, Cruise, Land, etc. For each phase of flying the pilot has only to push the corresponding button, and any of the controls or instruments which are not as they should be for that particular operation will be in dicated by the illumination of one of the nameplate strips, which read Elevator Tab, Auto Pilot, Wing De-Icer, Prop. Anti-Icer and so on. Here is a typical operation of the "Tell-Tale" system. Before starting the engines, the pilot pushes the "Starting" button on the instrument panel; lights will immediately warn him of such things as open doors which might be caught in the slip stream, of unlocked parking brakes, of improper mixture control or a locked tail wheel. Setting various controls to remedy each condition in turn will put the lights out. The pilot is then ready to start his en gines. Throwing on the ignition switch for any one engine will light up all the tell-tale plates on the sub division of the panel which is de voted to that engine. As the various instruments register the proper op erating range of oil and fuel pres sure, temperature, air-fuel ratio, etc., the corresponding lights will go out. Similar electrical circuits are elaborately interlocked for other phases of flight; for instance, the "parking brake off" sign will not darken until the "Taxi" button is pushed preparatory to moving the plane over to the beginning of the runway. While not dispensing with any of the instruments considered neces sary for air transport operation, the Tell-Tale relieves the pilot of the One of the two 14-cylinder Wright Double-Row Cyclone engines with which the new sub-stratosphere trans port will be powered. ETHYL XEWS [4] ETC 22593 )r ial Vr *n >v a ttt- \C h to id ts >r ii- of id >g n. le 'g .ie nt America's largest twin-engined airliner ra under construction. >rs P- necessity of trying to watch all of s, them at once. The plane simply a takes its own pulse. A modified form s of this system has been tested in ser on vice in a fighting plane, with notable lie results. li on .ht b- A testimonial to the overall ad vanced design of this sub-strato sphere ship is the fact that it was le- chosen last year by the air transport us industry for reproduction and full 'P- -s- sized "mockup" as a display at the World's Fair. Completion of it io, marks the return of the Curtiss- Wright Company from military ? ire ships to the air transport field, in ter which they made notable pioneer he ing achievements with their twin- lOt engine airliners in 1929 and the is sleeper-type plane in 1934. he he Fuselage of a plane built to withstand of esthe sub-stratosphere pressures. This photo of the cross section of the 75-foot pres surized fuselage of the new all-metal Curtuss-Wright transport illustrates the the design of two circles intersecting at a point where the floor joins them. Pres surization or supercharging of the fu ith selage will enable the new transport to ns- cruise normally at 20,000 feet with equivalent "cabin altitude" of6,000feet. vs FEBRUARY 1940 [5] pTHYL ..EWS PHHT0 Fi(L^> %_ ETC 22594 T tffl How Student Flier "Makes the Grade" Future pilots of Uncle Sam's Air Corps, all college men. There is a rigid physical examination, then a three months' course at one of nine civilian flying schools throughout the country. Here the students live in Air Corps Barracks, study under the supervision of air corps officers. I N the October 1939 issue of the "News" we printed a story, "They Must be Tough -- Uncle Sam's Birdmen," which set forth the requirements for entering the air corps flying schools and briefly outlined the life of the stu dent flier. The goal of every young avi ation cadet is Randolph Field, Texas, the "West Point of the Air," but it is a long hard grind before that ultimate ambition is attained and many are "washed out" in the process. Through the courtesy of the U. S. Army Air Corps, we are able to publish this series of pictures which tells a graphic story in the life of Uncle Sam's future avia tors. "What goes up must come down"--and if you can't bring the plane down with you, at least you want to know how a parachute works. "Every man in every plane on every flight must wear a `chute,' " explains the flight instructor to this group. "You rarely ever have to abandon your plane, but nobody will criticize you for bailing out if you deem it necessary." The students are enlisted as flying ca dets. Rifles for drilling have not yet been issued. They will be used when the cub pilots Have graduated to Ran dolph Field, the "West Point of the Air." Three months of intensive work there, three more months of advanced flying at Kelly Field--and the student has won his wings and a commission in the Air Reserves. ETUYL XEWS [6] ETC 22595 e ,e v its Is s, a te re & "Start your chandelle from a shallow ur dive and then gradually kill off the ex es cess speed as you climb in the turn." rv One by one, each cadet will be taken aloft with the instructor in a dual-con trol plane. This particular maneuver emphasizes the niceties of control touch--and control touch is the essence of all military precision flying. I Oil, In the primary phase of flying cadet on training, every hour in the air is 'ou matched with two hours of classroom ne, training. Subjects: Meteorology, aero ing dynamics, engines and aeroplanes, navi gation. cu vet lien '.anthe ork .ced lent Warm clothes with white silk scarfs to n in keep the drafts out--for even in sum mer it's chilly at 5,000 feet. VS FEB R f A It V lUIO [7] ii In the plane, actual instruction is given by the pilot through a one-way speak ing tube, as the roar of the 225 horse power engine would make conversation impossible. In the more advanced train ing ships used later at Randolph Field, electric interphones enable the student to ask questions. ETC 22596 There's a lot more to flying than the bare mechanics of making the plane go. You have to know what makes it gohow each of the many hundred vital parts does its work. Students are learn ing the fine points of this engine which contributes to its great efficiency -- almost an even horsepower for each pound of weight. "On the line" for inspection. Although the planes at the primary training schools are privately maintained, they are constantly checked by the Air Corps. "There's no compromise with safety" is one of their mottoes. Another is, "Keep thinking." Every flight offers something new. "Dissection" of a retired plane gives the future birdmen an intimate ac quaintance with the construction of their ships. ETHYL XEWS [8] ETC 22597 n There's a lot of work, but it's not "all work and no play." Sound health, steady nerves and a clear head are vital to an aviator: when these begin to fail, the student is no good to him self or to the Air Corps. i es At Randolph Field, a squadron of BT-9 ic- planes awaits the student flyers. Here of they are lined up for inspection by an officer. Randolph Field, Uncle Sam's elaborate "West Point of the Air." Wistfully re ferred to as that "Little Bit of Heaven," it is the goal of every flying cadet. This mammoth airdrome covers 2300 acres. </' ETC 22598 .^ ^ Ethyl Motor Clinic in Eighth Corps Area, U.S. Army ETHYL'S Motor Clinic program An air view of Normoyle Quartermaster j The Clinic was on location there I has been honoredby the United Depot with Kelly Field in the right V almost a month with about 2,700 States Army in a special series ofbackground and Duncan Field in the men attending the meetings. A sec- meetings held in the Eighth Corps left background. 0nd ^y Clinic was requested at Area near San Antonio, Texas, to Photo by Air Corps u. s. Army Randolph Field ("West Point of the demonstrate to the personnel re KF-photo Sectlon_____________________ Air") as time did not permit of the sponsible for maintaining the Army's made for the Clinic to move to the cadets traveling the 25 miles to mechanized units and to the nation's Normoyle Quartermaster Depot. . Nrmoy'e) and meetings were held future aviators the possibilities of there for 2,252 future aviators. increasing engine power and per ^-- The Army's interest in the Ethyl formance through proper tune-up. Motor Clinic is significant in view of Army officers, interested in bring the national mechanization program ing the Clinic's educational program now in progress. Within a few before the service, attended the pre months Army plans call for putting view showing of the Clinic when it thousands of general purpose vehi opened in San Antonio. By the time cles in operation, in addition to mo the regular showings to oil and auto torized combat equipment such as motive people in that area were tanks and armored cars. Army Posts completed, arrangements had been and Air Corps in the Eighth Corps Major General H. J. Frees, Command ing General of the Eighth Corps Area, whose personal interest in the Ethyl Motor Clinic was largely responsible for the splendid attendance at the Army Clinic Meetings. Major General Brees, born at Laramie, Wyoming, and grad uated from the University of Wyoming in 1897, has served more than forty years as a commissioned officer of the United States Army. He is the recipient of the Distinguished Service Medal for meritorious service during the World War, wears a silver star citation for gallantry in action, and also has the Cross of the Legion of Honor awarded by the French Government for distin guished service during the World War. [ io ] ETC 22599 Area will have about three thousand of these vehicles and Normovle han dles major repairs on all vehicles in this Area. This mechanization pro gram makes the relation of motor fuels and engine performance of in creasing importance. A week before the first Clinic opened at Normovle, an order was issued by Major General H. J. Brees, Commanding General of the Eighth Corps Area, to the commanding offi cers at Fort Sam Houston, San An tonio General Depot, Randolph Field and Kelly Field, announcing the Clinic and stating: "It is desired that personnel, in cluding commissioned officers, con cerned with second and third eche lon maintenance, and such others as it is desired to send, be made avail able to attend the Clinic at sometime during its stay at Normovle QM Depot." Features of the Clinic and ar rangements for attendance were given by Lt. Col. John McD. Thomp son, Commanding Officer of Normoyle, in a letter issued to general headquarters. "The information to be gained from this Ethyl Motor Clinic," the letter concluded, "is valuable not only for the improvement of per formance and more economical op eration of Government vehicles but also to the individual for application Members of a graduating class at Kelly Field attending a Clinic Meeting. In front row, left to right, are Major Pros ser, Major Hervey, Major Slade, Lt. Col. Thompson, H. E. Cottrell and W. R. Barnes. Col. John B. Brooks, commanding offi cer of Randolph Field, has supervision of thousands of flying cadets receiving primary training at the "West Point of the Air." Col. Brooks has been in the air service since 1915, serving in Per shing's Expedition into Mexico, in Honolulu during the World War and was appointed Commandant at Ran dolph Field in 1937. to his own private car. The Ethvl Motor Clinic is indeed an excep tional opportunity offered to Army personnel in the vicinity of San An tonio." After the Clinic departed a letter of appreciation was written by Lt. Col. Thompson to Mr. Earle W. Webb, president of the Ethvl Gaso line Corporation. "The benefit that the Army has derived from these Clinics is incal culable and should result in a far greater appreciation of the War De partment aim of preventive main tenance costs bv proper tuning of modern engines to benefit from the higher octane gasolines and thereby utilize to the fullest extent the po tential power that has been built into these engines. "These Clinics have been the best educational asset that it has been my pleasure to ever witness and a de tailed report thereon is being fur nished the War Department. . . ." Lt. Col. Thompson's letter also named the staff members of Clinic No. 5, and noted that the men "were untiring in their efforts to assist us. Their efforts, enthusiasm and zeal were most commendatory and cer tainly does reflect great credit on the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation to whom we of the Army are indeed indebted for this most exceptional educational opportunity." t'Eit it r; a n ) iittn [u] ETC 22600 With attendance at these Clinics the total number of Army person nel throughout the country that has seen them mounts to an imposing figure. Preceding the Clinics held in the Eighth Corps Area, the com pany's educational Clinical program had been witnessed bv Army per sonnel attending regularly sched uled meetings as reported in the "Ethyl News" issues of July-August 1938; January 1939 and May 1939. The Army Clinics drew on the 16,000 officers and men stationed at Posts and Air Corps Fields near San Antonio, comprising more than half the personnel of the Eighth Corps Area, under the command of Major General Brees, which includes the states of Texas, New Mexico, Ari zona, Colorado and Oklahoma. The 2nd Division is at Fort Sam Houston, under the command of Major General Walter Krueger. The Infantry, Field Artillery, Signal, Quartermaster, Ordnance, Medical and Engineering Corps of this divi sion comprise 8,960 officers and men. Normoyle Depot not only per forms major overhaul work on all vehicles in the Area but is the head quarters for the Area's transport and Col. Augustine W. Robins, veteran of the Air Corps, has supervision of the training of aviators, from the civil ele mentary flying schools through the ad vanced schools. The primary flying school of the Air Corps training center is at Randolph Field, where the second series of Army Clinic Meetings teas held. repair training in the Motor Trans port School. Four of the Air Corps fields for the training of Flying Cadets and the salvage of aircraft are near San An tonio. The overhaul and salvage work is done at Duncan Field, the Air Corps second largest repair de pot, with a personnel of 28 officers, 100 enlisted men and 1,196 civilians. The repair of delicate aircraft instru ments must be done by experts and if soldiers were trained for this work there would be the problem of men being shifted by transfers and ex piration of enlistments, so civilians are employed to keep the personnel turnover low. Preliminary discussions which re sulted in holding these Army Clinics started in early June between Lt. Col. Thompson and Mr. Lynn M. Phillips, field representative for Ethyl in the San Antonio territory. It was felt that the wide experience of the Clinic personnel might be of value to Army men engaged in mo tor vehicle operation and mainte nance and would afford the officers an opportunity to study the flexibil ity of chassis dynamometer opera tion and its possible application to preventive maintenance work. Discussions with officers at Fort Sam Houston, Kelly Field and other Army Posts in the district resulted in three of them attending a preview when the Ethyl Clinic opened at San After a Clinic Meeting members of the graduating class from Kelly Field, in spect the test engine and chassis dyna mometer. Photo by Air Corps U.S. Army KF. Photo Section Antonio before an audience of oil and automotive executives. These three were Lt. Col. Thompson, Major R. L. Miller, Chief of the Di vision Transportation Office, and Major M. S. Curtis, Assistant Com mandant of Normoyle, who studied the program carefully to determine its educational value. So favorable were their reports to Major General Brees that plans for a Clinic for per sonnel of the Army Air Corps was requested in addition to the one for Houston and Normoyle previously considered. When the San Antonio city Clinic was concluded the unit under the supervision of Mr. H. E. Cottrell re ceived the full cooperation of Lt. Col. Thompson and other Army of ficials in setting up the equipment in the Post Headquarters building at Normoyle. Ample space was provided and the windows were "blacked out" so that motion pic tures could be shown. After the Clinic was established Lt. Col. Thompson and Messrs. Cot trell and Phillips began arranging dates with officers at die Posts, plan ning to accommodate from 150 to ETIlir, .YEW'S [l*] V ETC 22601 moved to Randolph Field where a large, modern airplane hangar was made available. Air fuel ratios received consider able attention during the meetings. Major Prosser, of Kelly Field, pointed out to one of the classes that the Ethyl demonstration and discus sion on this phase of carburetion would explain the purpose of the air fuel selective device in aircraft. With the attendance at Randolph Field and other Posts in the San An tonio area, the 4,952 men reached by the Ethyl Motor Clinics com prised probably one of the largest groups of Army personnel ever to attend educational meetings held by a private corporation. The attend ance record was largely the result of personal interest taken in the pro gram by Major General Brees, who received so many favorable reports he from officers that he issued a general in- order to post commanders to arrange na- attendance of their respective per sonnels. Lt. Col. John McD. Thompson and ings Lt. Col. Thompson was kept H. E. Cottrell, manager of Clinic No.5, busy arranging sessions for the many oil examining the chassis dynamometer. different groups. ese on, 200 men at each meeting. Interest One of the main features, after each morning session, was the plac Di- was so great that after a few meet ing of a vehicle, without any pre ind liminary adjustments, on the dyna >m- ied ine .ble *ral >erwas for islv inic the I reLt. oflent ling was vere pic- died Cotging )lan0 to ing. Gen. Frank B. Lackland is now in command of First Wing-Army Corps on the Pacific Coast. As Col. he was commanding officer of Kelly Field ad vanced flying school during the Army Clinic. Photo by Air Corps U.S. Army K.F. Photo Section mometer and under Mr. Cottrell's supervision a complete analysis was made of ignition, carburetion and the fuel and its relation to proper operation. Special problems in preventive maintenance work encountered by various officers at Normoyle Depot also were discussed. Last year this Post handled 791 complete overhaul jobs; 351 engine, transmission and rear axle rebuild jobs; and per formed minor repairs on 6,778 vehi cles, and as Lt. Col. Thompson pointed out, many problems arise in handling this volume of repair work. Cols. Robins, Brooks, and Lt. Col. Thompson held a meeting with Messrs. Cottrell and Phillips and the Army men decided to assign Air Corps officers to attend the Nor moyle Clinic to determine how the Clinical program could be arranged with scholastic work at Randolph Field. As a result Cols. Robins and Brooks suggested that the Clinic be Lt. Col. Frank McD. Thompson is commanding officer of Normoyle Quar termaster Depot, site of the Army Clinic. Lt. Col. Thompson was grad uated from the U. S. Military Academy in 1915, attended various Army schools and has been awarded the degree of Master of Science in Engineering by the University of Michigan. He served with the cavalry in Mexico during the Pershing Expedition; with the General Staff Corps in the Military Intelligence Division and in the Supply Division; on Motor Transport duty at Holabird Quartermaster Depot. 4 tvs FBBnvAttY 1940 [13] ETC 22602 Ethyl Rides with FiskTire Company's Test Fleet SIXTEEN hours a day, five days The Texas Test Fleet Crew of the Fisk a week, a group of drivers are Tire Company shortly after the opening riding Texas highways, putting of headquarters in San Antonio. Half more mileage on their tires every six the crew drives from 7:30 in the morn weeks than the average motorist ing until 3:30 in the afternoon. The does in two years. They are part of second group starts out at four and the tire testing fleet of the Fisk Tire returns at midnight. Company, Chicopee Falls, Mass. Their job is riding tires to death, tires taken at random from produc sign, cars must still depend first on tion lines to see that they are up to their tires if they are to move at all. standard, and new experimental And stop as well as move, for not tires that you may be using on your brakes but tires stop a car or truck. car six months or a year from now, The vehicles go out at 7:30 in the after they have proven themselves. morning with one crew, drive 350 Looking at them, you see merely miles and return by 4 o'clock. Then ordinary cars and trucks driving in the second crew takes over, not to an ordinary fashion along the road. return until midnight when the Actually, the drivers are watching odometers will show a total of 700 over their vehicles as solicitously as miles for the day. They change a young mother watches her first shifts for the night work every two born. They are conducting tread weeks. tests, bead tests, carcass tests and This year there are three trucks the results must be accurate. operating in Texas and three pas Upon their answers depend the senger cars in Florida, as well as service, safety, and satisfaction of a other trucks and cars working out of western farmer driving a perishable the factory in Chicopee Falls. load to market, a traveling salesman Heat is one of the greatest ene making his rounds, a transcontinen mies of tires, and the tire engineers tal bus bringing its passengers in on insist that their products stand up scheduled time. under the hardest conditions. Since Despite all the automotive im hot roads are not available in Massa provements in mechanics and de chusetts in the winter, the tests must be run in southern states like Texas and Florida. The drivers stop along their route several times each way to test both air pressure and temperature of the tires. These are vital figures, reflect ing the success of the design and construction features. A cool run ning tire retains its strength longer and wears less than a hot one. Every other day the tires are re moved and washed, weighed and measured. The amount of tread lost in running is checked, as well as the growth of the tire (cotton cords in the piles must not "grow" or stretch abnormally as this would weaken the carcass). Tests may run for ten or twenty thousands miles or until the tire fails, depending upon what particu lar information the scientists are seeking. When the road tests have been completed, the tires are shipped back to the laboratory for further tests on the skid and torture ma chines. Finally they are ripped apart for detailed internal inspec tion and study. To assure thoroughness in the tests, the crew surveys all roads in the country surrounding the testing area, selecting different type roads. ET II VE XKn'S [ 14 ] etc 22603 t r i * Bead tests are made on hilly, curv The three passenger cars above, part of seven-and-a-half to ten tons. They ing highways so the sway of the the Fisk Tire Company's Tire Testing run from Chicopee Falls to New truck body will strain the tire at its Crew, are operating this winter in Flor York, Boston and New Bedford un as base where it is held to the rim, dis covering any possible weakness. Long, fast runs on straight roads ida. The cars are loaded with sand bags to duplicate the weight of five pas sengers. der strictest observation. Other test tires are installed on regular bus lines and private fleets for investiga ite th lie etud ;n;er under a hot sun reveal the life-span of the tread and the ability of the carcass to stand up under punish ment of the most severe type. As phalt, concrete, and gravel surfaces determine the wear resistance of the tread to each kind. The trucks and cars are loaded use, about 150,000 miles, is crammed into one year. We can't afford a breakdown; it costs too much money. We've found Ethyl Gasoline is the most economical for us. From the time we put Ethyl into a car, we have fewer breakdowns and delays." The Texas test trucks are three- tion. All trucks and cars are equipped with the latest safety devices. One is the stabilizer rod that holds the wheels steady when a tire blows out. But the drivers have become so skillful that even without the rod they can handle a heavy truck with re nd ost die with sand bags equivalent in weight to a normal load, or they may be overloaded from 25 to 100 per cent, if that type test is being made. Continuous, efficient operation of and-a-half ton units and are run with loads from one-and-a-half tons to five, using different sized tires. The big Chicopee trucks range from a blow-out at high speeds. There are no known safety de vices, however, that can control the actions of animals. Cows, chickens in all vehicles is absolutely necessary cch if operating expenses are to be kept ;en at a minimum, and tests must be run without interruption. For these :ity reasons, Ethyl Gasoline is used ex .ire clusively in all vehicles of the test eu- fleet. nre "Because of the grueling tests, we ive have to use the best gasoline and oil ied we can buy if the machinery is to lier stand up," says George T. Phillips, na- director of the fleet. "A lifetime of ied iec- A. D. Maxfield, manager of the Fisk Tire Company's Test Fleet; George T. tlie Phillips, factory representative; Mayor ; in C. K. Quinn; and H. M. Van Auken, -ing manager of the Chamber of Commerce, ids. before the San Antonio City Hall. VBBRVAitY 1040 [15] ETC 22604 t I jV ? I 3 The transportation fleet which shuttles ing meditatively in the center of the other so they can be of assistance between Chicopee Falls, Mass., New road. whenever necessary. Bedford, Boston and New York. While One night in Florida a driver did At the end of the vear, the fleet employed to carry merchandise be hit a cow which had no legitimate has traveled a total of more than a tween these points, they also serve as business on the highway. When million-and-a-half miles! It is little part of the test fleet, all tires being ex amined and checked with the same accuracy as those on the Florida and things quieted down, the driver found himself lying in a truck full of wonder than that with such tests one may feel confident that his tires Texas cars. grapefruit, where he had been cata "can take it." pulted. s and pigs, strangely enough, are the On another occasion a driver was These three trucks each cover 700 miles 1 drivers main fears in Florida and Texas. They never know when they held up and kidnapped. He was locked in a rumble seat and driven a day over hot Texas roads in order that scientists may check their strength and wearing qualities under actual highway will come around a curve or over to New York, unable to escape for conditions. In one year each truck will 'r the rise of a hill to meet a cow stand three davs. Now the cars trail each travel 150,000 miles. I, \ ` ft ETHYL NEWS [ 16] ETC 22605 East Texas Refiner Introduces New Fuel at Barbecue I/' THE Independent Refining Com ethyl lead in improving fuels so as pany announced the addition to give top performance in modern of a lead blending plant to theimr otors. Their remarks were sup Arp, Texas, refinery at a meeting of ported by moving pictures and a employees, jobbers, dealers and motor demonstration. Some time their families, held at the refinery was taken in explaining marketing during the latter part of November. possibilities and suggesting selling Three grades of leaded gasolines are methods. now available, Inreco Ethyl with 82 After a question and answer ses octane number, Inreco Regular of sion, a barbecue with all the trim 75 octane number, and Inreco Econ mings, was provided by the host. omy of 68 octane number. Believing that "the proof of the The company went to consider pudding is in the eating," the Inde able expense to make the meeting pendent Refining Company gener enjoyable as well as instructive. Let ously offered to fill the cars of those ters and telegrams were sent to 169 present with Inreco Ethyl, free of jobbers asking them to bring fami charge. It is needless to say nearly lies and friends. The interest with everyone accepted. which Independent customers have Indepedent purchased the old received the new gasoline is shown Clay property at Arp which had a by the fact that 425 attended the capacity of 3,500 barrels of crude meeting and made a tour of the re per day. This refinery has been finery grounds, inspecting the facili transformed from a typical old time ties available in order to furnish east Texas plant to a modem up-to- quality Inreco products. date refinery, and the Ethyl blend Anticipating a good turn-out, a ing plant, the latest addition to the large building in town was secured modernization program, is one of and attractively decorated with which any company might be proud. pennants and banners, Inreco signs The farsightedness and aggres and many lighted Inreco pump siveness of Mr. W. R. Sheen, Presi globes. Just inside, facing the en dent, and Mr. C. W. Curtis, General trance, were three Inreco Ethyl Manager, are shown by their mer globes flashing with red, white, and chandising plans for the new leaded blue lights. Ethylmen, Hendrick gasolines. A newspaper advertising and Rollins, gave instructive talks, campaign, part of which is devoted outlining the development of high exclusively to Ethyl, is being paral compression, and pointing out the leled by 15 minute daily programs requirement of good gasolines and sponsored over six east Texas radio explaining the part played by tetra- stations, and as a convenience to jobbers, an Inreco Ethyl pump has been installed at the truck loading dock so that tank trucks can be filled when gasoline is obtained. The meeting and proposed pro gram has attracted the attention of other refiners in east Texas and it is quite possible that the example set may result in similar work by other compI anies. OOO If you drive an average of 20,000 miles a year you are doing almost two and one-half times as much as the average passenger car owner, according to some recently revealed statistics. The annual average mile age of passenger cars in this coun try is 8,860 miles. Divide the age of your car into the total mileage on your odometer and you'll learn just what mileage you are doing each twelve-months and can readily as certain whether or not you are an average motorist from the stand point of miles traveled. It should be interesting to every owner of a car to learn just how near he is to the national average. If you use your car largely for business or if you take numerous long tours you can expect to be well above the average. Today new roads, wider city streets, better handling of traffic, elimination of bottle necks, new bridges, express highways, have done much to speed up traffic and relieve highway congestion. EEBRUARY 1940 [I?] ETC 22606 Ethyl Trademark Costume Wins First Prize at Annual "Poor Richard" Club Celebration J OVELY Irmgaarde Erik of the ballroom dance team, Irmgaarde IJ and Allan, won first prize at the annual banquet of the "Poor Richard" Club in Philadelphia recently, with an Ethyl emblem costume of striking ingenuity and beauty. Part of the "Poor Richard" banquet, which is held everv year on the anniversary of Benjamin Franklin's birthday, is a Parade of the Trademarks, in which twenty-five nationally advertised products are dramatized. Ethyl's girl was not only the most beautiful in the parade, but her costume was easily the most striking. The costume was made by two Philadelphia designers of the firm of Groff and John. ETHYL SEWS [18] ETC 22607 L Should Business be Big or Litde? Continued from page l to be served entirely bv small busi ness. In 1S70 America was relatively small and American business was relatively small. There were few roads and they were poor. A worker who wanted to go from Westbrook to Portland had to walk. Only a rich man could afford to own a horse and buggy. Manufactured goods were expensive because they were made slowly by hand. The population of the United States in 1870 was 38'a million, of which 32.4 per cent were employed in jobs. By 1930 the population had increased to 123 million, of which 39.8 per cent were employed in jobs. Therefore the population in 1930 was about three times that of 1870, but there were four times as many people holding jobs. Thus in the past sixty years busi ness has made enough jobs to take care of the great increase in popula tion and, in addition, has increased the proportion of jobs. In 1870, for every ten men, women and children there were three people holding jobs. In 1930, for every ten men, women and children there were four people holding jobs. Today there are 38 million more jobs than there were in 1870. In doing these big things, big businesses have created customers for smaller businesses. The develop ment of automobiles, radios, pack aged foods, ready-made clothes and thousands of other products has created a great need for paper and similar products that are made and sold by medium-sized businesses. Big businesses, medium-sized busi nesses and small businesses serve each other and are dependent on each other. Working together they provide America's 49 million jobs. If big business is hampered, per secuted or broken up, the big tasks in America will be left undone, small businesses will have fewer customers, the need for workers will dwindle and the number of jobs will be reduced. Figure it out for vourself. The G. M. Caravan Staff after the meeting held by Ethyl Clinic No. 4 in Rochester, New York. We appreciate the excellent cooperation rendered by these gentlemen on this occasion. This ancient Duryea built in 1898 and now owned by the Cass Avenue Brake Service of Pontiac, Michigan, was on display for over a month at the Ethyl Motor Clinic No. 9 during its stay in Pontiac. The car is still in run ning order and is often used in parades. Considerable interest was shown by those visiting the Clinic since the car was probably the oldest that any had ever seen and was manufactured prior to the use of the pneumatic tire-- a real "horseless carriage." FEB RfJ A It V liHO L 19 J etc 22608 Served Ethyl 15 Years NEWS B/R I E F S We welcome to the Chicago Division, Frances Cooper who joined the staff as a stenographer in January. Frances is a graduate of the Conrad High School of Conrad, Iowa, and also of the Cedar Rapids Business College of the same city. She was previously associated with the Terry Durin Company as assistant to the Purchasing Agent. 400 John McMaster, who has been with the company since October, has been taken on permanently. He is employed in the Mail ing Department in the Chrysler Building. John was bom in Bayonne, N. J., and at tended school there. He now makes his JAY GOUX was born January 27th, home in Cranford, X. J. ooo 1885, in Canaan, Connecticut. He received his early education in William B. Katz, who joined the the public schools of that state and Chemical Re graduated from the Hotchkiss search Staff in Jan School, Lakeville, Connecticut, in the Class of 1904. He studied law at Georgetown University for one year and later attended Pace and Pace uary, was born in Spokane, Wash ington. He re ceived his B.S. in Chemical Engi Institute in New York where he took neering at the Uni a course in accounting for two years. Early in his business career he served as Station Agent and Teleg rapher for the Central New England versity of Illinois in June 1938. He is a member of the Phi Eta Sigma, Phi Lambda Upsilon, Phi Kapa Phi and Sigma Xi Societies. Prior to joining the Ethyl fam Railroad Company, now a part of ily Bill was Assistant in Chemical Engi the New Haven Railway System. He was a stenographer and typist in the Indian Bureau and the Shipping Board at Washington, D. C., for a time and then entered the employ neering at Massachusetts Institute of Tech nology. His favorite forms of diversion are pho tography, amateur radio and fishing. / Theodore Mabley, of the Elder Steamship Company. a newcomer to the This firm later became Elder and Mittnacht, Inc. of New York, steam ship owners and operators for U. S. Detroit Engineer ing Laboratory, is a native of New Rochelle, N.Y. For Shipping Board vessels in transat the past twenty lantic and inter-coastal trades. Mr. Goux came with Ethyl in Jan uary, 1925. For some years he has served the Corporation in the capa years he has lived in Detroit and after attending high school in that city, left for Provi city of Assistant Secretary and holds dence, R. I., where he enrolled at Brown the same position in the Ethyl-Dow Chemical Company. Previously he acted in this capacity for the Ethyl Export Corporation until its dissolu University. In June 1934 Ted accepted his first permanent position, joining the De troit Edison Co. as Assistant Buyer of building materials. He stayed with this concern for three and a half years. In 1937 tion in April, 1939. he came to New York as an Underwriter Mr. Goux was married in 1913 and now makes his residence in Brinckerhoff. New York. His favorite past for the Fidelity and Casualty Co. where he remained until coming with Ethyl. Ted is definitely an outdoor boy with skiing and sailing heading the list of his time is hunting. favorite sports. On January 1st, Charlie E. Phillips joined the Ethyl Chloride Division of the Baton Rouge Manufac turing Plant as shift foreman. Pri or to coming with Ethyl he had been associated with the Standard Oil Com pany of Louisiana for twenty years. He is a native of Baton Rouge, having been bom there in 1896. Charlie is married and has two sons. ooa On Friday afternoon, December 29th, the staff of the Chemical Research Laboratory had open house from 4 to 5 o'clock for the Detroit employees of the Corporation and their families. Approximately two hundred visitors came to inspect the new labora tories and partake of the punch, sand wiches and cookies which were served. William H. Polachek recently joined the Chicago Division as TuneUp Engineer and has been assigned to Clinic No. 9. Before coming with Ethyl, Bill spent three years operating his own motor tune-up shop in Oak Park, Illinois and prior to that he worked for the United Motors Clinic and Newton Buick Co. in his home town of Chicago. We understand that Bill was married two months ago and so we wish to take this opportunity to offer our best wishes and congratulations. /e When Mrs. Philip Giera joined the office staff of the Gasoline Testing Department at Yonkers in Sep tember, she was Miss Patricia Jen sen. Born and raised in Salt Lake City, she grad uated from the University of Utah. Later on she was em ployed by the Union Pacific Railroad at Salt Lake City, then by the Association of American Railroads at Washington, D. C. Subsequently she came to Westchester and worked for the Sylvestre Oil Company at Mount Vernon, N. Y. She was married in October and now lives in Pelham, N- YWe offer our heartiest good wishes to Mr. and Mrs. Giera. S %E w at h. PP; ti> ar Is Ti to tall sen nat Ric rec' ' Ma. / of Cot tor bon * City rece catii coir '' Unit has Juan surpt pjant j Bato 1 \ Dela duPo signe with wishe 1/Urs.E ' /manw / Decen a stem Ike m; the B: Manu Plant, man is ! Philadt I sissipp Wived inaty e, isiana ` daught. ETHYL MSB'S [ 20 ] ETC 22609 KS7. kar* y ; is orn !ms the lory the and Ired oramd- that llinic town was sh to best We welcome to the Safety Division, Edith Lindroth, who comes to us after eight and a half years with the Pure Oil Com pany. She is a na tive New Yorker and lives in Long Island Citv. The New York Division had hoped to wind pp 1939 without discouraging the other /divisions too much, but cannot help but broadcast the anouncement that the Ed Muller's have a son born November 4th. '> His name is James Edward Muller and we extend our rather belated congratulations to the very proud parents. Ed, inciden tally, is our Metropolitan New York repre sentative, which makes Master James a native New Yorker. RichardButlerhas --i recentlyjoined the / Maintenance staff of the Yonkers Control Labora tory. Dick was bom in Kilkenny City, Ireland, and received his edu cation there. Since coming to the United States he has worked as building superintendent. Juanita Lewis (see Jan. "News" p. 19), surprised her associates at the Baton Rouge rfant the other day bv announcing that ine and Thomas Craig had been married V since September .3rd, 1939. Mr. Craig had \ been employed by the duPont Construc\/tion Department in the building of the Baton Rouge Plant and is now at Seaford, Delaware, in connection with building duPont's Nylon plant there. Mrs. Craig re signed on December 31st in order to be with her husband in Seaford. Our best wishes to the young couple. Mrs. EdnaS. Free'manwas employed v/]December 11th as a stenographer in the main office at the Baton Rouge Manufacturing Plant. Mrs. Free man is a native of Philadelphia, Mis sissippi and received her prelim-____________________ inary education there, later attending Lou isiana State Normal College. She has one daughter. We welcome to the Ethyl family, Hilda Wamecke, who, on January 1st, became a per manent employee of the Baltimore Division. Prior to this Hildawas with us for four months as a temporary sec retary. She is a graduate of the Eastern High School, Bal timore, after which she attended the Mary land Institute of Art. She comes to us from the Davison Chemical Company of Balti more. Music and art are her principal hobbies. ooo Alice Mever Bovden was the guest of honor at a "little stranger" party given by about thirty of the girls from the Chrysler and Graybar Buildings on the afternoon of January 25th. Alice, who has been with Ethyl since May, 1930, has resigned her position with the New York Division to take up far more important domestic duties at home. A complete layette (the store promises another one if its twins) was pre sented to Alice with the verv best wishes and deep affection from her playmates at the office. The party migrated to a cocktail emporium for refreshments and then had dinner. We understand the last guest just managed to catch the midnight for home. The Following Service Awards have been made as of February 1st, 1940 E. L. Barringer, for the last thir teen years a mem ber of the editorial staff of the Na tional Petroleum News, joined the Ethyl organization January 15th. Mr. Barringer is wellknown in the oil industry and by a number of Ethyl men who are or have been in the Chicago Division, since for the past sev en years he has gathered news for the N.P.N. in the Chicago area. He has often appeared as speaker on programs of petroleum marketing associations in the Midwestern states. For the present he will be located in the New York office and he will be available to all members of the organization for help in preparation of papers, talks, etc., under the direction of Mr. Ralph Champlin. Some of Mr. Barringer's recent feature articles in the National Petroleum News concerned the Iowa Plan, truck transpor tation, the power alcohol movement, and the trend toward the use of gasoline in farm tractors. PUBLICITY RELEASE JANUARY 22nd, 1940 New addition to Ethyl family late last evening. E. L. Mason, Manager of Bal timore Clinic, announced the arrival of a 7 pound, 14'A ounce boy. Probable name Junior. According to Mr. Mason, a preview will be held in Charlotte in the near future. Rumor has it Duke University already scouting for new quarterback. 15 YEARS Congratulations and our best wishes to Jay Goux Administration Dot Watson and a very lucky young man by the name of Franklyn Sayre Ferry. Dot 10 YEARS reported for duty the Tuesday after Christ mas with a sparkler on her left hand that Catherine Bluiim Administration Emil N. Gillig Engineering was almost as dazzling as the smile on her pretty face. Present plans indicate a wed ding in about a year and a half. Dot is a Florence Liebermuth Atlanta Sales member of the Manufacturing Depart ment's staff in the Chrysler Building. \ 5 YEARS '^Evelyn Rhorer, a "Benjamin Brewster Engineering newcomer to the Baton Rouge Man Elmer C. Miller, Jr. Manufacturing ufacturing Plant's Ethyl Chloride Di vision, was bom Fred J. Schroeter, Jr. Gasoline Testing in Plaquemine, Louisiana, and lived there up to the time of joining "Due October, 1939. Through oversight, not previously reported. the Ethyl family. She was formerly associated with the Consolidated Com pany, Inc., of Plaquemine. ' ETC 22610 HELICOPTER? ^ ^ ^ 0* h' \ i.oskr and closer man comes to practical vertical steady improvements of fuels and engines, aviation C (light. But it's an old story to this little fellow... has conquered the "impossibles" of centuries. It is a Black-chinned Humming-bird. He can not only riselogical to assume that these advances will continue... vertically and hover in mid-air, but he can actually and they must continue to come from improvements fly backwards. To attain this unusual performance in fuels and engines. nature has given him an unusual "power plant" that turns up 12.000 wing beats a minute. That aviation engineers will always have fuels avail able that permit further progress. Ethyl engineers Flight, whether bird or man-made, vertical or hori are daily aiding in practical research ... to help zontal, is inseparably linked to power. Through provide tomorrow's fuel for tomorrow's plane. ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION, manufacturer of anti-knock fluids containing tetraethyl lead Primed in U. S.A- ETC 22611 MARCH 1940 ETC 22612 I  T ' l|TT C"\ ../i- At the signal "all's dear" a giant flagship takes off from Sew York's Municipal Airport (See story on page 2.) ETC 22613 lagship Airport Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello Atlanta F. S. Cronin Baltimore B. R. Jones Boston A. B. Wyrick Chicago H. F. Dedo Dayton D. S. Flynn Kansas City R. L. Goltz New York M. P. Murdock Los Angeles C. F. Naylor Seattle L. L. Huxtable Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London THE MATERIAL IN THIS PUBLICA TION MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 3 Highways and Motor Trucks Boost Standards of Living .- \ THE United States is a huge country. It is a land of large cities and of wide open spaces. It is a nation which is growing. Take a nation of great cities, great distances, and great consumption, and there is the picture of a nation which needs every kind of efficient transportation it can getwaterways and airways, railways and highways--none doing the whole job, and each necessary. Fundamental, however, is the highway, the road beside which folks live, the street along which people reside. Give them a motor vehicle which will enable them to bring the things they need over that road or street; let those who produce the goods these citizens need use those roads and streets for the rapid door-to-door delivery of the merchandise. Certainly the motor truck has enabled business to keep pace with flying hours. Some 600,000 are travelling American roads, hauling from the pro ducer direct to the consumer, or to the retail sales outlet, such a variety of items as papers, dress goods and farm produce, milk and meat, eggs and livestock, coal and bread, gasoline and gold fish, sand and silver, art objects and furniture, oysters and lumber. These motor trucks have built a transportation business of their own, while serving every other shipping medium. The seaport, the airport, and the railroad station--from and to these terminals motor trucks carry shipments. Communities which never before had any kind of commercial transporta tion service now are on motor truck routes. Producers and manufacturers who never before were able to develop large markets now are in direct touch with their customers. Small business enterprises, and large, located in out-of-the-way, ordinarily inconvenient places, now have no difficulty in getting their goods to market. "Our truck will deliver to your door," a million businessmen tell potential customers every day in the year. "I'm taking a load to market this morning; is there anything you want from town?" say farmers. A few years ago, a trip to the town market meant the loss of a whole day on the farm "No charge added for crating; we ship by truck," sellers tell careful buyers. "Tell us when you want the shipment; our truck will be there on the minute," is a common statement today. All these advantages are made possible by the motor truck and the high way, and especially because these attributes of efficient transportation are personalized. Nobody has to ask when the highway will be available; it is there ready for use all the time. No business man has to ask when his truck Continued on Page 15 In This Issue Highways and Motor Trucks Boost Standards of Living New York's New Airport Like Great Railway Terminal Western Railroads Announce TrainAuto Service Over Big Area FlvinO" Boat "Guba ' Makes Another Record Standard Opens New Modern Bulk Plant in Cincinnati Area The Mason-Dixon Line is No Thing of Fiction Ethyl Gets a Namesake The Clinic in the News Attendance Records Broken at Sec ond Clinic Showing in Boston Area Miles Down for Oil With Chemicals Mack Named Trustee University of Dayton Longer Car-Life When the School Bus Failed Ethyl Motor Clinic Itinerary Newsbriefs -- Service Awards ETC 22614 NewYork's New Airport Like Great ! >1 \j NEW YORK'S new Municipal The Administration Building is an out Airport, which claims to being standing example of modern transpor line the largest and most magnificent base in the world, was officially airtatthioonseaorcf hthiteecfitnueres.t Ticket offices rival railway terminal. opened last December 2nd. On that to act as a terminal for both domes day, American Airlines, Inc., began tic and trans-oceanic planes. There operation of 87 daily flights out of fore in its construction, two separate their huge headquarters which com bases have been provided. The one, pose three hangars. Other hangars the landplane Administration Build are under lease to Canadian Colo ing with its flanking hangar and nial Airways, Transcontinental and office buildings to accommodate air Western Air, Inc., and United Air liners which will spread their wings Lines. from New York to all cities of the The great airport, which has been Western Hemisphere. The second is christened LaGuardia Field in hon the seaplane hangar and Adminis or of New York's dynamic little tration Building which will serve de Mayor, was planned and is designed parting and arriving trans-oceanic passengers from the capitols of Eu rope and elsewhere across the seas. There are four great runways for the land planes surfaced with as phalt macadam. The longest of these runs northwest and southeast and is 6.000 feet long by 200 feet wide--a veritable pilot's dream. Another of 5.000 feet runs in a northeast, south west direction and two others of 4,500 and 3,500 feet respectively, make east-west and north-south landing strips. The runways were designed in strict accordance with the "windrose" or diagram construction from the meteorlogical records showing ETHYL X E W S' ETC 22615 The pulse of a great airport is the con trol tower. These men at their posts, sixty-four feet above the ground, direct all incoming and outgoing traffic at the world's greatest landing field. the prevailing winds at the site. Thus the longest was built in the line of direction of the most fre quently prevailing wind with the other three in logical order. Taxi runways 100 feet wide intersect and connect the regular runways with each other and with a 400 foot wide apron which extends in an arc for 6,200 feet in front of the hangars and other buildings. This concrete apron in front of the Administration Building provides ample space for the loading and un loading of fifteen huge 21 passenger transports at the same time, a facil ity not found at any other airport in the country. At night this whole space is brilliantly illuminated by flood lights from atop the hangars. When a plane lands on a runway the floodlights and runway contact lights go out and the taxi lights go on, showing the best taxi lane to the apron. The landplane Administration Building--physical hub of the port-- is an outstanding example of mod em transportation architecture. In fact the whole airport gives one the Great transport planes preparing to leave for their night run. Picture was taken evening of the blizzard of Febru ary 14th. Later allships icere grounded. impression of one of the world's great railway terminals rather than that of a landing field. Air passen gers who have flown throughout the world remark on this illusion which they had not experienced elsewhere. The fact that such a building has been erected for the sole porpose of expediting the arrival and departure of domestic airline travelers, attests far more eloquently than words to the arrival of aviation to America on a ETC 2261 Pr. I i i i I js- > ! i Landplanc Administration Building topped hij its control tower has every device for the efficient and speedy handling of hundreds of travelers daily. K T II VI. V E n > f4] ETC 22617 1 A great ship soars over the control tower from which it has fust received landing instructions. " basis comparable with other modes ... of travel. The structure is of three ' stories surmounted bv the most modern equipped control towers for " the policing of plane traffic. Like all . of the other buildings at the field, it ; is constructed of soft buff colored ' face brick trimmed with black. The , doors at both the ground level and main floor are of stainless steel. Above the marquee, also of stainless steel, is a simple facade with high "4. wrought-iron framed windows in the 3c center and long narrow windows at the side. High above the entrance on 'UCa plain surface, appear the words in bronze letters NEW YORK MUNI S CIPAL AIRPORT. *-' The main concourse of the Ad fministration Building is a huge roIgftunda, in the center of which is a cir cular stair well leading to the [ground level and surrounded by the information desk. The floor is of [marble and over the center stair well [at the base of the low-dome are the [i--- - - -- - WA promenade similar to a seaside resort Sboardwalk extends in a long arc in front Wof the Administration Building from I"which visitors observe arrival and. de parture of planes. signs of the zodiac in gold against a background of silvery grey clouds. Suspended in the center under a cir cular skylight is a large globe of the world in blue and grey. Along the outer edge of the great circular room are the airline ticket offices and on the side toward the landing ETHTl PHUO FHU^_No.--fl Motors are cleaned with non-inflam mable cleaning solvent sprayed on by air pressure to remove any oil film or dust insuring any small defect from being hidden. this same floor is the Kitty Hawk Room, so named to commemorate the birth of American Aviation, which accommodates a bar and grill. On the third floor will be found the offices of the U. S. Weather Bu reau, with the two departments of the Civil Aeronautics Authority--Air Traffic Communications and Air Traffic Control--from where is han dled all air traffic in the northeastern part of the United States. i! The control tower which is equip ped with every modem facility of !l $ ?1 aeronautical research and science, is on the roof, its floor being 64 feet above the ground and over it is a ro tating beacon of thirteen and a half million candlepower, the most pow erful light of its kind in the country. ! i Access to planes may be had from field is the waiting room. Baggage Over the waiting room is a circu a covered platform of concrete and rooms and other facilities for the handling of mail and express and like activities are on the floor below. lar lounge and restaurant and out side is a terrace, access to which is had through French windows. On No detail is too small to receive atten tion. Here a giant flagship is getting a complete overhaul. 1 |i *. !',i :!! 1 l l*1 l JUS 111 t: fr-\m / [6]ETHYL .VEtt'S M. ETC 22619 IIIb'J or un wk ite in, ill. ;nd kiof \ir Mr an<>rn dp of is "eet rolalf owtry. fom and tenig a 0+ ' | ^ .. steel construction, 1500 feet long and 20 feet wide, which runs from the edge of the loading apron in a long arc between the two groups of hangars, with the Administration Building in the center. A promenade similar to a seaside resort boardwalk surmounts this platform and it is from here that visitors observe the arrival and departure of planes. The segregation of passengers and visi tors for the first time in American airport history materially speeds up the process of loading and unloading passengers as well as mail and express. Five thousand people may * be accommodated on this upper *;' platform at one time. Thus, as Union Stations are to the railroads, so is the > y New York Municipal Airport Ad' ministration Building to aviation. V.. The Seaplane base is located at the extreme western end of the airport. It's marine terminal building which harmonizes with the land Ad,jiv ministration Building in materials i and design, is a two-story circular ' jjwstructure approached by a land` Sfjscaped driveway. Gold flying fishes r*fabve blue waves, form a decoration H|raround the top of the building lend- ^ing a marine atmosphere to the ^ structure. Here is housed in addition .:jfi to the trans-oceanic airline ticket . and administration offices, the immi< fffiigration inspectors quarters, deten- lition room and quarters for the pub lic health service and a separate 'tHiweather bureau. A lunch room occupies the pent house on the roof. Adjacent to the marine terminal building is the marine hangar, a ' # buge five sided affair with floor - space large enough to accommodate &;two regulation sized football fields, yg-.y Facilities of the hangar have been |l6ased by Pan American Airways Who plan on concentrating their trans-atlantic and Bermuda services at-'this base. Giant Clipper planes will.land or take off on Long Island Sound, which is connected by a taxi- p of water with the marine termiharbor and unloading ramp di rectly in front of the terminal build- f; l&RCH 10 40 [71 K`\% * zZ De-icing boots are attached to tail surface, both vertical and horizontal, just as they are to the wings and insure absolute protection against ice. Checking-up on condition of transport planes in one of the huge hangars at New York Municipal Airport. ETC 22620 ( Last minute goodbyes before boarding the sleeper plane. Facilities are also included in this marine base for hauling these giant Clipper ships from the water, on miniature railroad flat cars and wheeling them into the hangar, on tracks, for repairs or maintenance. The master plan of the New York Municipal Airport provides space for a second marine hangar, of the same size and design as the first, at the western edge of the field to the south of the present hangar. To the pilot of an incoming plane at night, the field will appear dark, the edge of the field and the runway he is directed to use outlined by lights, with powerful floodlights separating from the ends of that one runway. Buildings will be marked out by red lights. The runways are This flagship of American Airlines has just taken off from New York's Munici pal Airport and wings its way west over the city's skyscrapers at the foot of Manhattan Island. bordered by contact lights, spaced 200 feet apart. The ends of the four runways are marked by green range lights and at the end of each runway there are two narrow-beam flood lights, each of seven and a half mil lion candlepower. The field is out lined by approximately 85 boundary lights, spaced 250 feet apart. Thou sands of other lights--boundary lights, taxi-strip lights, floodlights, etc., are installed about the field. .4. Western Railroads Announce Train-Auto Service / Over Big Area N entirely new travel service, be used in the equipment set-up and A consolidateing the high speed that current models will be supplied of the modern railroad train witheach year. automobile operation, established by industrial surveys, the 1100-mile round-trip costs him about $66. He the mobility of the private automo Under the train-auto plan, a trav also must pay for two nights' lodging bile, will be inaugurated May 1st eler may arrange for an automobile and three days' meals. by eleven leading Western railroads. before leaving his home town, or Thus, Mr. A is away from his Complete arrangements for this after reaching the key city where he home office only one business day train-auto service, which will place wishes to engage it. Advance reser and makes the trip at a cost of $30 2000 current model 5-passenger se vations will, of course, assure the car to $42, including meals and inci dans at the disposal of railroad pas being available when wanted. Rail dentals, while Mr. B is away from sengers in more than 150 key cities way Extension representatives will the office three business days and throughout the West, have been meet the passenger upon arrival of his trip costs double the amount of made between Railway Extension, his train, where final arrangements Mr. A's. Inc., and the following rail lines: are made. It is also suggested that the train- Burlington Lines The basis of rates for the automo auto plan should prove similarly at Chicago and Eastern Illinois biles, which includes gasoline, oil tractive to many vacationists. Em outidary 'houdary ights, d. Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul & Pacific Chicago and North Western Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Great Northern Illinois Central and maintenance as well as insur ance protection, will be as follows: 8c a mile, subject to following minimum mileages: Per hour--10 miles (80c) Per 12-hour day--75 miles ($6.00) Per 24-hour day--135 miles ploying fast, air-conditioned trains for traversing the long, intervening distances, they would be able to spend practically all of their vaca tion at their destination instead of devoting a big part of their time motoring to and from their objective. Northern Pacific ($10.80) Negotiations still are under way Rock Island Lines Per week--350 miles ($28.00) between Railway Extension, Inc., Santa Fe System Lines Per 24-hour day after 1st week 50 and other Western railroads, and it Union Pacific Railroad miles ($65.00) is expected that eventually this auto Announcement of the new "train- The rental will be the same mobile service will be available in auto" service was made by Hugh W. whether one or five persons occupy practically every town of 10,000 Siddall, Chairman of the Trans- the automobile. Where passengers population or more throughout the Continental-Western Passenger As do not have an identification card, West and South. sociations, on behalf of the partici a cash deposit will be required. pating railroads. He said the service To illustrate how the train-auto was the railroads' answer to the plan will prove economical as well prayer of the traveler who likes the as convenient, the following exam An Ethylman recently stopped at a mobility of an automobile at certain ple is cited: Washington, D. C., drugstore and points but dislikes driving the long Mr. A and Mr. B have occasion to inquired of the clerk at the news intermediate distances. visit a spot located 50 miles from a stand as to whether he had a Radio The magnitude of the project is city 500 miles away. Using train- Guide magazine. The reply came emphasized by the fact that the rail auto-service, Mr. A goes out by train back "Who wants to know?" Some- / roads participating represent a total one night and returns the next. His what surprised by this sudden and of more than 100,000 miles. Railway rail fare for the 1000-mile round- unexpected answer, the inquirer said ix !t Extension, Inc., is headed by Ed trip is $18 if he uses comfortable the first thing that occurred to him, ward M. O'Shea and R. H. Rogers of chair cars; about $30 (including "What do you care who wants to Lincoln, Nebraska, pioneer automo lower berth) if he travels in a Pull know?" At this the clerk seemed to bile distributors in that state and man. He pays $8 rental for the 100 wake up and said he would see experienced operators. Main head mile automobile trip. about the magazine. As he started to * quarters will be in Chicago, with Mr. B, on the other hand, drives look for it he was heard to remark, branch offices in many Western all the way, spending a day going "Well, if people always said the : cities. It is understood that several out, a day there, and a day returning. right thing at the right time, life and popular makes of automobiles will Accepting cost figures for private work would get very monotonous." :' s MARCU 1040 [9] ETC 22622 ond pilot and navigator for Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith on flights to New Zealand in the "Southern Cross" and was pilot and navigator in the "Faith in Australia" when Mr. C. T. P. Ulm broke the EnglandAustralia record. In 1934 he was sec ond pilot and navigator for Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith in the flight from Brisbane across the Pacific to California in the "Lady Southern Cross." Capt. Archbold is a Research As sociate of the American Museum of Natural History and holds a private pilot's license with over 1,000 hours' experience in all types of aircraft. Capt. Yancey flew the Atlantic in 1929 from New York to Rome in a single-engined Bellanca monoplane, and in 1930 he won a $10,000 prize by flying from New York to Ber muda in a single-engined Stinson. Later he flew a Stinson completely round the coast of South America. He is a master mariner who gradu ated from sail to steam and has been in long-distance and racing flying since 1926. Mr. Rogers, the Archbold Expedi tion's chief pilot, is one of the vet eran flying-boat pilots in the United States. He has flown over3,000 hours in all types of aircraft, and is a quali fied radio operator. Mr. Booth, Capt. Archbold's radio operator, was an operator in the merchant marine, and was in the U. S. Navy during the World War. Mr. G. D. Brown, one of Capt. Archbold's mechanics, flew Mr. C. J. McFarlane, of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, to the North Polar re gion at the time of Sir Hubert Wil kin's search for the missing Russian fliers in 1937. Mr. Berrinka, another of Archbold's mechanics, is an en gine expert from the Pratt and Whit ney factory. Both Mr. Brown and Mr. Berrinka hold pilots' licenses. Mr. J. Percival, Jr., was associated with Sir Charles Kingsford-Smith in the organization of the Tasman air mail flights and was official news paper correspondent on the two Tas man Sea flights. The "Guba" left Sydney at 3:45 p.m. on June 3rd, 1939, to flv to Port Hedland, W. A., the actual jumping off point for the survey flight. Shortly after leaving Sydney the boat met head-winds and course was changed so frequently in an effort to find the S. E. Trades that the estimated fly ing time of 18 hours was extended to 20 hours and Port Hedland was reached at 9:30 a.m. on June 4th. After taking in 1,245 gallons of gasoline the "Guba" took off for the Cocos Islands at 5 p.m. on June 4th. Twenty-four hours later it alighted at Batavia after failing to find the Cocos. The weather was bumpy and after midnight thick clouds obscured the stars so that celestial observation was impossible. Although Capt. Tay lor knew that he was in the vicinity of the Cocos Islands the weather was so thick that he decided to change course for Batavia rather than risk running short of fuel in a fruitless search for a group of small islands in a vast obscured ocean. The largest of the twenty islands in the Cocos-Keeling group is only five miles long by a quarter mile wide. On June 7th a fresh start was made for the Cocos. Batavia was left at 9 a.m. and six hours later Direc tion Island, Cocos, was sighted through a rain squall and an alight ing was made at 3 p.m. On the way The Cocos Islands. Above, the settlement on Direction Island and, below., the lagoon with Direction Island in the foreground. ETflrf. JVBW'S r t2 i , etc 22623 ier to ier iu all in. in .ve as eft ec- ced ,ht- the "Guba" circled and saluted The "Guba.'' refueling at Lagos, Nige in by hills, would be suitable for an av ria, after crossing the African continent. Christmas Island. The Cocos Islands emergency landing ground. are the property of Mr. D. Clunies At Mombasa Capt. Archbold again Ross, whose grandfather was the \ ** ii first white man to settle there perma nently in 1827, His little "kingdom" land was completed on June 21st with a seven-hour flight to Mom basa. The arrival of the "Guba" cre resumed command of the "Guba" to return to the United States. On ar rival there from the Seychelles there includes a number of islands, 1,400 ated considerable interest through were still some 700 gallons of gaso natives and nearly a million coconut out the East African territories, line in the "Guba" tanks so it was palms. where the significance of the survey decided not to refuel until reaching Six days later the "Guba" set out flight was fully appreciated. Kisumu the next day. for the Diego Garcia in the Chagos With the arrival of the "Guba" at After taking in 1,075 gallons of Archipelago, the longest stage of the Mombasa the Indian Ocean survey gasoline the "Guba" left Kisumu on flight. For this crossing the Com was completed and Capt. Taylor and June 25th for Coquilhatville, on the monwealth Government had asked Mr. Percival left the boat to return Congo River. Here it moored out on the Admiralty to arrange for a war to Australia. There Capt. Taylor will the river until dawn the following ship to maintain communication make out his report for submission morning, when it continued to Lagos with the flying boat and H.M.S. to the British and Australian Gov without refueling, arriving there at "Manchester" was despatched to ernments on the results of his inves 1.55 p.m. on June 26th. The "Guba" Diego Garcia for this purpose. The tigations. departed again at 6.30 a.m. on the "Guba" left Direction Island at 4.55 Capt. Taylor is reported to have following morning for Dakar. p.m. in fine weather, and throughout said that the Indian Ocean air route On June 29th the "Guba" flew the flight radio communication was is practical and that there is no rea across the Atlantic from Dakar to St. maintained with the "Manchester," son why an air sendee should not be Thomas, Virgin Islands. It flew the alongside which the "Guba" alighted started immediately. He found suit 3300 miles non-stop in an elapsed 13 hours later. Eight minutes previ able anchorages and take-off areas time of 19/1 hours and at an average ously a searchlight from the "Man for flying boats at all the island speed of 168 m.p.h. On the following chester" had been put up as a marker groups visited. The lagoons at Di day it continued to New York and and this had shown that the "Guba" rection Island, Cocos, and Diego later flew across the United States to was dead on her course. Garcia form natural flying-boat har San Diego, California, to complete a ' At 5.40 a.m. on June 16th, the bours. The establishment of aero circumnavigation of the World. "Guba" left for Mahe, in the Sey dromes in the Cocos and at Diego The survey across the Indian chelles group. Again fine weather Garcia was possible, but at Mahe it Ocean from Australia to Africa by prevailed and the 840-mile journey was doubtful if a suitable site for a the "Guba" under charter from the was completed at 12.42 p.m. when large aerodrome would be found British and Australian Governments the flying boat alighted at Port Vic- owing to the mountainous nature of and commanded by Capt. Taylor, - toria, Mahe. the island. There is, however, a piece has laid the foundations of a new The final stage of the flight from of level ground on the west side of and important air route across the the Seychelles to the African main- the island which, although hemmed World. Courtesy "Intaoa World'' MARCn i 0 4 0 [111 ETC 22624 ri y it [f i. Standard Opens New Modern Bulk Plant ! in Cincinnati Area !: < i! ;j .i. ;i Ii f; $ THE Standard Oil Company of Overall picture of plant. Offices in fore Ohio have recently put into op- ground, warehouses behind offices, j eration in their Cincinnati district, tanks and then pump houses. one of the most modern bulk plants to be found. It is situated on the are approximately ten acres. A sep highest industrial ground available arate building for Division Head in the city, about five miles from the quarters with offices all on one floor, down-town section, which makes occupies the frontage section. It is of possible downhill hauls when the modern architecture with outside trucks are loaded. By the same to walls of porcelain enamel using ken, trucks which must negotiate the Standard Oil Company's familiar grade up to the plant are empty and red, white and blue color scheme. therefore make far better time than Sixty feet back of this office build if conditions were otherwise. This ing is the warehouse, a one-story fact alone saves thousands of man structure with floor space of over hours during the year. 35,000 square feet. There is also a The dimensions of the property mezzanine floor for tire storage pro viding an additional 3600 square feet. This building is of brick and steel construction with monitor type roof giving ample light and ventila tion. On the side of the warehouse next to the yard, is a 10 foot platform 272 feet long for convenience in handling package goods for deliv ery. This arrangement facilitates prompt loading and unloading of trucks without blocking doorways. Bulk storage is provided in the warehouse for industrial and motor oils in 16 tanks having a total capa city of over 182 thousand gallons. Outdoor pipe lines to tanks from the pump house are three feet un- ETIIYLNEWS [ i4 1 ETC 22625 4< K T l t K buji derground in a concrete duct and Loading rack where eight trucks can be sufficient to blanket it with a spray - are amply protected against losing loaded simultaneously. of water. . fluidity while pumping during cold This station is a pipe line terminal weather by two steam lines placed A fire foam system directly con and in addition to operating route in the duct with the pipes. nected to the city high pressure trucks will also operate several The tank yard for refined prod ucts is on ground at the rear of the , property about 20 feet higher than the yard which permits full gravity loading at the load rack. Eighteen water line has been installed and in addition an eight inch line from the street supplies water under high pressure to a number of hose con nections surrounding the entire plant transport units supplying bulk sta tions in the vicinity. The output of refined products from the plant will approximate 2,250,000 gallons per month. - tanks give a total capacity of 1,549,- re 000 gallons and there is room for Highways and Motor Trucks Boost id additional storage as needed up to >e 1,600,000 gallons. Standards of Living a- The pumphouse of cement block Continued from page 1 se construction is located at the rear of can go anywhere; it goes when and ceived surprising replies which in- m the property next to the railroad sid as he directs. The elimination of dicated that these firms move 112,- in ing. There are only seven pumps in schedules, the personal ownership 000,000 tons of goods annually, and v- the entire plant, all being used for of the transport medium, and the largely by truck. Highway transpor es receiving products as loading and use of highways which are built for tation is flexible and convenient, the of filling is done by gravity. everyone to use--and largely fi government was told. It is economi There are four load platforms, nanced by those who use them--are cal. It causes less damage to ship , each of which will handle two tank important factors which make motor ments and less loss. It saves time-- trucks. A complete transport, includ- transportation so generally helpful "overnight delivery" means a lot to ing semi and a 4-wheeler and six and so widely beneficial. the producer and consumer. tank trucks can be loaded at one The federal government, asking It is easy, then, to understand why time without re-spotting--and all by 35,000 business firms why they use Americans enjoy better standards of gravity. motor trucks and to what extent, re living. M ARC n 194 0 [ >5 ] ETC 22G26 The Mason-Dixon Line is No Thing of Fiction NE hundred and seventy-three Being an amateur photographer O years ago, in 1767, two British of more than average ability, Proc surveyors by the names of Charlestor determined to make a picture of to fly. Then, too, the 200-mile-anhour speed of his plane made more than one attempt impossible on any Mason and Jeremiah Dixon entered the line and spent more than a year given flight. the wilderness to settle a dispute be in constant endeavor before the Undismayed by repeated failures, tween the British Colonies of Mary above picture resulted. Pilot Proctor continued his effort land and Pennsylvania. As a result His principal difficulty was ob until this picture resulted--believed of the survey they completed in that taining the proper light to make the to be the only authentic picture of year, the boundary of die two states' line visible from the altitude he had the Mason-Dixon line in existence. was definitely fixed for the first time and the Mason-Dixon line of historic fame came into being. Ethyl Gets A Namesake In the minds of most people the Mason-Dixon line is as imaginary as the equator and great was the sur prise of W. H. Proctor, veteran first pilot of American Airlines, Inc., when he found the clearly defined line he had noticed often near Cum berland, Maryland, on his daily flights between Chicago and Wash ington, was actually the famous At 12 o'clock midnight, on March 4th, 1940, in the town of Delaware, Ohio, Zeke Robinson stepped out of his gas station to get a supply of wood from the woodpile out back. A strange sound startled him and upon investigation he found a small baby tucked in a market basket. It was a two-day old girl with no clothes on, wrapped carefully in cotton. Over the top of the basket was a sheet of plain brown wrapping paper. The County Sheriff was sum moned and the infant turned over to the Jane Case Hospital. Except for a slight cold the baby was found to be in excellent health. Without any delay she was named Ethyl and Mr. Robinson writes "I am sure she will be full of pep, just like Ethyl Gas, and go forward with a bang." So proud are we of our little namesake that we immediately sent a Birthday gift to her at the hospital. Mason-Dixon line. ETH YL [ 16] ETC 22627 l&Ht ^ worthwhile amount of advertising and publicity in itself. Moreover, 'w ::'>4 benefits derived from the entire pro gram are directly retroactive to the interests of our customer companies as well as ourselves. The three important angles re sponsible may be summed as: 1. Newspapers 2. Word of mouth and enthusi astic receptions 3. Direct contact with business life of towns and cities throughout the country. These advantages, among its many outstanding achievements, have been developed by the clinical r. program operating as a whole, and will continue to be effective just as long as the salient features of the The Clinic in the News program are maintained. Revision on a less spectacular basis must of ROM a glimpse at some of the and cities throughout the United Fnews items it is interesting to re- States during the operation of the view the amount of publicity andclinical program, it adds up to a very necessity mean the loss of the very attributes which have made the whole thing successful. i advertising which the Ethyl Clinic program has developed. Aside from the more notable and un-questioned Attendance Records Broken at Second Ijlist of achievements it is significant jj^to evaluate this field in the considj^j-f.eration of future plans for the use of V the Clinic personnel and equipment. : New doors have been opened .'^.through the medium of the clinical _ ^ program initiating new sales ap- proaches and making possible a '""''most effective method of presenta5'^tion of facts and figures for publicity ....|f and advertising. Equally significant / Clinic Showing in Boston Area A T HE Ethyl Motor Clinic at tached to the Boston Division eral oil companies either equaled or exceeded their attendance at any has just brought to a close a four previous clinic meeting in the weeks' showing in Malden, Massa Boston Division. Automotive equip chusetts, where it played to capacity ment houses particularly turned out every evening. This showing attests very large attendances. At one meet particularly to the popularity of the ing, for Collins, Inc., Allen Equip Clinics, since it marks the second ment distributors, 385 were in at . ''h ** &e advertising and publicity val^j.ue released during the establish. lament of a clinic operation in any .-Igiven locality. The aggregation of time it has appeared in metropolitan Boston, a very successful initial stay having been concluded in that city only a year ago. tendance, a number coming consid erable distances. For example, Mr. George Parsons, Studebaker distri butor in Newfoundland, came from contacts with utility companies; real Before locating the clinic in Mal that distant point to witness the pro estate operators; landlords; police-- ^ffire and city departments; plus the den, serious consideration was given to the question of whether or not gram which he had heard others comment upon. usual inspection services, gains the such a move should be made, since The Clinic itself set a new record Sjli-'same attention and interest ac it had had an extended run so re with a meeting of approximately 400 corded a new enterprise coming into cently in the vicinity. However, the which exceeded the attendance at jfany city or town, if not more, due to move has been amply justified by any previous gathering conducted F.the spectacular and theatrical as- the interest displayed, and the large in any Boston Division. A weekly ipects of the show. And when one audiences which have attended this attendance record was also set when considers that this build-up of inter- second showing in greater Boston. audiences totaling 1,000 visited the !.est has taken place in many towns During the Malden showing, sev Clinic during its second week there. March into [17] ETC 22628 Some of the celebrities at the speakers table at banquet given by General Motors to honor Dr. F. O. Clements on his retirement as Director of Research. He is succeeded by H. C. Mougey. Standing, Left to Right--Ivan Teetor, General Motors Research; T. A. Boyd, General Motors Research; Thomas Midgley, Ethyl Gasoline Corp.; R. V. Hutchinson, Olds Motor Works; H. C. Mougey, General Motors Research; C. F. Kettering; Harry Mack, Ethyl Gasoline Corp.; F. O. Clements; T. C. Vandegrift, General Motors Research; John Dedrick, General Motors Research; Harry Williams, National Cash Register. Seated, Left to Right--C. L. Warwick, Secretary, American Society for Testing Materials; Orville Wright; O. E. Hunt, General Motors Corp.; M. E. McDonnell, Pennsylvania Railroad; Harry Guion, National Cash Register. Miles Down for Oil With Chemicals N many parts of the world oil is these muds are rejuvenated by the I found within a few hundred feet addition of chemicals and proper of the surface and the use of chemi treatment. cals are of little value. But out in But notwithstanding the "mud" Bakersfield, California, the big oil experts, who in reality are engineers companies are today sinking wells with geological and chemical train two and even three miles down ing coupled with sound practical through solid rock. Chemicals mixed sense, admit they are still experi with mud are assisting modern menting with mud and various equipment to drill for these new chemicals. sub-cellar riches. These mixtures are In today's rotary mud the bulk called rotary muds, and during the may be native clay, aquagel and past two years have been of great Baroid, the last being a commercial assistance in drilling deep wells. product manufactured by the Na They tell us in Bakersfield that tional Lead Company. To these may caustic soda was the first chemical be added amounts of quebracho, added to the drilling mud, but sev tannin-containing bark, and any of eral more have since been used. This several phosphate compounds. mud is circulated from the surface The clay is the base upon which to the bit and on its return carries the expert builds his mix. The aqua- with it the cuttings from the hole gel supplies the colloidal or suspend that will in the end conduct the oil. ing medium. Formerly the driller purchased During the long days of drilling, carloads of special clays that when the expert keeps a scientific eye on mixed with water made the best that all-important rotary mud. It medium he knew of to carry on the must do the following to be efficient: slow but relentless drilling. When (1) Carry out the cuttings from the these special mixtures had lost their hole; (2) Always be fluid enough for proper viscosity, density or gel pumping; (3) Gel readily so that strength--in other words, changed when drilling is halted the cuttings their physical and chemical prop do not settle; (4) Exert hydraulic ac erties, they were discarded. Today tion, thus keeping the holes in the bit clean; and (5) Form a proper shell on the side of the hole as the well is made. Deep drilling is more than proper treatment of the bit, power supply, casing and spraying against a "dry hole." It takes constant vigilance of this now-important rotary mud. Down go the drills faster, farther and cheaper in proportion to depth of the oil. The mud expert studies, controls and experiments with the chemicals that preserve the proper ties essential to economical exploi tation. These men who are already drilling to depths 20,000 feet below the surface say that chemicals have cut their mud costs to 1/10 or 1/20 of what they were when the first deep well was drilled. If oil, that modem necessity, is found and must be taken from even greater depths, we predict that chemicals are going to be circulating up and down those miles of drill holes, helping to make the taking possible and easier. Nature may have hidden her black gold at great depths, but chemicals are ready as sistants in getting to its hiding place. Courtesy "Monsanto Magazine" ETHYL XEWS [ 18] ETC 22629 Skiing Is Kiing k Longer Car-Life i/ HIRTY-FIVE years ago skiing Tin America was a minor sport. Today it is a $20,000,000 industry. OMPETENT authorities esti C mate that today the buyer of a new automobile may look forward Back in the winter of 1904-05, when to driving it 90,000 miles, if he cares the National Ski Association of to use it that long. Twenty years ago America was organized there weren't the purchaser of a new automobile . . more than four or five thousand ski| ers in the country. Now the associa- could reasonably expect37,000 miles of service out of a new car. tion has more than 30,000 registered The reasons for the increased life expectancy of automobiles are mani . members in 275 clubs. This includes fold. Todays cars are more durable. registered competitive skiers but They are more scientifically engi Mack Named Trusteerepresents only a small percentage neered. They incorporate various t \ University of DaytonI S ||of the more than a million people % who ski in one way or another. ^ The million or more amateurs HE Trustees of the University features and structural ideas which have been designed to reduce wear. Then, too, our roads are vastly im n ff^have a good many millions of dol of Dayton have announced the proved over the roads of twenty Tw ing lars invested in their sport. Mr. & appointment of Mr. Harry A. Macky,ears ago. Also, the motor fuels of Mrs. John Q. Skier have probably Manager of the Dayton Division otfoday are superior and modem lu sunk nearly $75 each in a good out- the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation to bricants contribute a great deal to fit. Ski club fees range from $1.00 to membership of the board of lay trus longer car-life. $15.00 a year. Fees on privately- tees of the University. Mr. Mack's Added to all these factors is the er owned trails range from 50c to $1.00 appointmentfills the vacancy caused modem driver. He is more familiar le r a day, including tow charges. by the death of Mr. John Q. Sher with an automobile than was the ~ Skiers hear a good deal about man last July. At the time of his driver of twenty years ago. He knows er Lake Placid, Tuckerman's Ravine, death he was serving as President of that to give trouble-free service it y> Yj^and Mt. Hood, the famous ski cen- the Board. must be taken care of. He takes it to iy Y J ters, but little about the industry The new member who has for his service station periodically for of which produces materials of the many years been prominent in civic check-ups. He changes his oil fre ^sport. Yet factories for the manufac- affairs in Dayton, has been an active quently. He is meticulous about lu er -Y turing of skis and related equipment supporter of the University for some brication. He drives more intelli th ; r^'.can be found in the East, Mid-West time. He will join the Board imme gently, not racing his motor before `S, - *" and Far West at many points within diately, having been nominated for it is warmed up, not skidding around lie i Ythe snow belt. European manufac- membership on the 12th of Febru comers or forcing his engine to ir- j i-turers admit that American-made ary and his nomination approved climb steep hills in high-speed and )i- j- skis manufactured on a production the following week. We feel very bringing his car to gradual stops in dy feline are the best in the world. much gratified to- have such a dis stead of slamming on the brakes and >w Hickory, first essential for a good tinction accorded one of our associ coming to jarring rattling stops. ve impair of skis, grows finest in the south ates. That is, today's driver does these 20 rf; from Tennessee to Florida. Scientific things if he is a good driver and if rst f' -^processing in addition to a large pre-shop preparation. he has his own best interests at heart. f, "^amount of handwork makes Amer- From the conditioning room the Most motorists do not drive their "JUcan leadership in this line unassail- "billets," as the boards are called, are cars anywhere near 90,000 miles be l i able. Hickory is considered best be cut to size. After a few primary shap fore they trade them in; but good cause it has great density. Its cell ing operations the skis take form. drivers do not use this as an excuse | ^structure is such that it won't split a |b'easily. Before the wood is taken into Swiftly they move down the line. The tips are softened and bent to for not treating their cars properly and getting maximum smooth per shop its moisture content is care shape. They are sanded several formance from them during the time fully checked. Moisture has a lot to times, particularly about the heel they use them. do with the flexibility and life of a and tip. An inspector weighs each ski ^sld. A difference of two per cent lit and tests its tension. Skis are mated placed on order. Finally they go into erally "makes or breaks" a ski. If the and again inspected. The finest skis the finishing shop where they are wood isn't "right" on arrival it is are numbered and registered so that lacquered, to prevent warping and placed in a conditioning room for if one is lost or broken it can be re- are ready for shipment. toARCB 1940 [ 19 1 ETC 22630 When The School Bus Failed HE worst blizzard in twenty Tyears struck Genesee County, New York, on January 21st and 22nd and Gladys Ford, a student in the 7A Grade at the Elba School, was really worried. If she was not at school on Monday, the 22nd, to take certain Regents examinations, it would mean another half year of study. Regular transportation was para lyzed. The school buses didn't start out at all. Two and one-half miles of drifts between her home and school seemed to ruin the chance at tests she had planned on for weeks ahead. Her father, Duane H. Ford, who is noted for his resourcefulness, did not make a problem out of Old Man Weather's pranks. He got out his "101" Massey-Harris high compres sion Tractor and drove his daughter rumble seat illustrated in the accom through the drifts on the improvised panying picture. Mr. Ford, by the way, uses nothing but leaded fuel in his tractor. Ethyl Motor Clinic Itinerary Clinic Number 1 A. D. Martin, Manager 2 L. A. Dollahan, Manager 3 W. A. Newman, Manager 4 G. B. Donohue, Manager 5 H. E. Cottrell, Manager 6 E. L. Mason, Manager 7 M. Littlefield, Manager 8 R. J. Coveney, Manager 9 I. E. Flaa, Manager lO C. M. Berry, Manager 11 S. T. Pruitt, Jr., Manager Division Los Angeles Chicago Dayton New York Tulsa Baltimore New York Present Location Remains Approx. Los Angeles Permanently 977 W. Sixth Street Eau Claire, Wis. Fourniers Dance Hall 3/14 Dayton, Ohio 4/7 725-33 South Main Street Olean, N. Y. 1050 East State Street 3/26 Tyler, Texas 402 North Broadway 4/6 Lynchburg, Va. 520 Foster Street 3/29 Lancaster, Pa. 4/13 Boston Chicago Kansas City Atlanta Fall River, Mass. 3/19 1091 Plymouth Avenue Evansville, Ind. 3/22 123 Nw. Second Avenue Davenport, Iowa 820 West First Street 4/12 Tampa, Florida 1801 Garcia Avenue 3/27 Next Location Opens Approx. Chicago, 111. 3/22 Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined Brockton, Mass. 3/25 Undetermined Cedar Rapids, Iowa 4/18 Miami, Florida 4/5 < Am nati Mic the two He: dal* gnu Hig Jun preexp clue Cor Dep is e sear On un N.. pres dau oun Enj Eth Pan -ar turn Fra riva plea L moc ,'Chr Wei new say g B is i plea C for die A re of tf- i betli and \ Sch* Miss with - famj ' >E p -^tenn pi [ 20 ] ETC 22631 NEWSBRIEFS Andy Pallay, a native of Flint, Michigan, joined the Ethyl family two months ago. He attended Ferndale schools and graduated from High School in June, 1936. Andy's previous business experience in cludes three years with the Murray Body Corporation and a position in the Sales Department of Remington Rand, Inc. He is now a member of the Chemical Re search Department in Detroit. oeo On Saturday, February 10th, 1940 at 7:19 a.m. in Hackensack Hospital, Hackensack, N. J., Mr. and Mrs. John W. Pauli were ' resented with their second child -- a aughter -- weighing seven pounds, one ij ounce. The proud father, who is Junior Engineer on Chicago's Clinic Mo. 9, is convinced that the stork must have used Ethyl as all was "smooth sailing." Mrs. Pauli and the new little lady--Ruth Anita --are doing nicely and we take this oppor tunity to congratulate the Pauli family. ooo From Los Angeles comes word of the ar rival of young Master Weill and we are pleased to present the following details: " Larry (Batlin' Butch) Weill, nineteen months old slugger, managed by "Bo" and 'Chris Weill, announces an addition to the Weill camp. On February 24th, when the newcomer appeared, Butch had little to say other than "The Kid Looks like pretty good lightweight material--." Beau weighed in at 6 lbs., 11 ozs., and is rapidly gaining. Trainers Weill are pleased with his prospects. ' Our congratulations to the Weill family for further establishing the reputation of the Los Angeles Division. oao A recent newcomer to the New York office of the Manufacturing Department is Eliza beth Cheldon. She was bom in Brooklyn and attended the Manual Training High School, later taking the business course at Miss Dunbar's. She resigned her position with a corporation lawyer to join the Ethyl family. Elizabeth's favorite form of recreation is ,-tennis. ooo / AUTO SHOW DATE SET ".. /The national automobile show will be held '/at the Grand Central Palace, New York, \JOctober 12th to 19th, 1940. The success of last year's October exposition, permitting a - longer fall selling season, favored the de cision on the same month for 1940, accord ing to the Automobile Manufacturers Association. We welcome to the Stenographic Department, Millieent Roberts. She is a native New Yorker, hav ing been bom and raised on Manhat tan Island. She is a graduate of the Spence School and received her business training at the Gaines School. Her contacts with the business world include six months as secretary for the Vicar & Day School at the Church of the Heavenly Rest and several other private secretarial posi tions, the last of which she resigned to join the Ethyl family. Jake Balzer, our Houston, Texas, represen tative, sent us this picture of his car taken /during the recent "cold snap" in tropical Texas. Close examination reveals ice for mation in great quantities on the chassis. This snapshot was taken the latter part of January and Jake points out that a few weeks before the ravages of winter set in, he was picking grapefruit in his back yard. The FollowingO Service Awards have been made as of March 1st, 1940 TEN YEARS J. O. Balzer Sales, Tulsa S.-T. Pruitt, Jr. Sales, Atlanta George P. Rosser Sales, Atlanta FIVE YEARS R. C. Beaubier Engineering, San Bernardino M. L. Gamble Engineering, San Bernardino B. C. Lord Engineering, San Bernardino P. M. Perry Sales. Boston W. M. Price Engineering, San Bernardino M. O. Prior Engineering, San Bernardino Introducing Free man C. Shera the new Tune-Up En gineer on the Dayton Division's Clinic staff. He comes to us with a wealth of expe rience in tune-up and carburetion, having specialized in this type of au tomotive working during the past 14 years. He has been with the Columbus Ignition Company, Columbus, Ohio, for several years, most of the time as Service Man ager. He is married and has one child, a son of fifteen. The Sheras will make their home in Hamilton, Ohio. eoo On January 21st, 1940, the engagement of Reba Carolyn Strickland, of Atlanta, Geor gia, to Judson Townsend Biehle, was an nounced. They plan to be married in Au gust. Judson, who has been with the Manu facturing Department in Baton Rouge since January 1938, was transferred to the New York office last November. We offer our most sincere congratulations. 0OO Our hearty congratulations to Lou Volz and his fiancee, Miss Dorothy Nesbitt of New Rochelle. The engagement was an nounced the early part of February bv the future bride's Mother, Mrs. John Nesbitt. She is a graduate of the Marymount School in Tarrytown. No date has, as yet, been given out for the marriage. Lou is our Assistant Treasurer with offices in the Graybar Building. 000 Thomas Frank is not really a newcomer to the Ethyl family as he has been with us for the past two summers during his vaca tion. Now that he has graduated from the Alexander Hamilton High School, he has been placed on our permanent payroll and taken up his duties in the Chrysler Mail Room. Tom's favorite sports are baseball and basketball. 000 News has just reached us of the death of George Warren who for many years served as Manager of our Atlanta Division and was later in the Baltimore area. Mr. War ren, who severed his connections with Ethyl just two years ago, died of a heart ailment at his home in New Bern, N. C., on March 1st, last. We extend our sincere sympathy to his widow. OO0 From Detroit comes word of the arrival of little Miss Carolyn Gray Asbury who made her appearance on January 30th, weighing 7 lbs., 10 ozs. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Robert S. Asbury. Bob is a mem ber of the Chemical Research Department. We extend our hearty congratulations. ETC 22632 31 ii; "Sure she llJly--with enough power!" 'll Right you arc, young manl With enough power 'most ously through improvements in fuels and engines. And anything will fly... and i your design is right, the more it is to assist in this development that the engineers of power the better the performance of your ship. the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation work constantly with But it isn't only the model plane builder who has the engineers of the aviation industry. 'd| his problems when it comes to power. Every day the Considerable information has already been ob builders of real ships are faced with the task of develop ing greater and still greater power. tained. Much is still to come. And it is this fde of data that will give the youngsters of today a ``head start" when it becomes their turn to build and Where is this increased power to come from? Obvi operate America's airplanes. rreJsrtrFIjl ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION, manufacturer of anti-l^nocl^ fluids used by oil companies to improve gasoline Printed in O.S. A- ETC 22633 APRI L 19 4 0 etc 22634 Looking Forward From, a Talk by Charles F. Kettering at Banquet Commemorating sesquicentennial of the U. S. Patent Law held April 10th, 1940 Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D. C. TNVENTIONS have made industrial America. They have created millions of jobs and revitalized everything from soap making to violin playing. We have been accused of producing unemployment by too many inventions, yet the facts are that we haven't enough things to provide sufficient jobs for all of the people who want to work. Someone said years ago, that necessity is the mother of invention. Necessity for invention, then, was to produce machines and devices which would save human labor because there were so many more things to do than there were hands to do them. Today, necessity is again calling on the inventors to produce new things, because we have more hands now, than we have jobs to do. Many of these products which necessity demands, will come directly from a system called industrial research ... a process which is American through and through. This process is one of cooperative invention. Success in only a small percentage of the projects now in the laboratories will put thousands of American workmen back on their jobs for any new product gives work in several ways. Statistics show that of the millions of people who earn a living in the automotive transportation business, only about 10% are employed in making the vehicles. I like to think of this mass production of ideas as team play in amimmense effort to readjust our economic system so as to put to work our excesses of men, money and materials. When Orville and Wilbur Wright made their historic flight of 120 feet in 12 seconds, they had to think only of the process of flying, but now just 36 years later, when you buy a ticket to Europe, the company that operates the aeroplanes has a thousand addi tional problems. They take the question of successful flight for granted just as we in America take progress for granted, as we also take for granted blessings unknown any where else on the face of the globe. Thinking men are driven by God given dissatis faction with present achievements. Through such men, industries are revolutionized. And even if research workers and their companies were content to rest on their laurels, you and a hundred million other people would not let us. Somehow, because you are Americans you demand, and think you have a right to expect, more value, more usefullness from everything you buy. That's why our tempo of progress is speeding up. American industry is cultivating ideas as its richest investment in the future. We are looking for young Marconis, young Bells, young Edisons. We have many of them in our laboratories now. We encourage them. If. we give them the opportunity of free enterprise, they will contribute freely. In every industry, those existing and those to come, their improvements will demonstrate clearly that what we have today is not enough and is not good enough. That is why with all conviction, I say, that the future is boundless. ETC 22635 .."SE Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. :a i Associate Editors I > Correspondents Sales Dept. Costello Atlanta j'/C. Cronin ;C- .Jones Baltimore Boston , Wyrick Chicago . Dedo 4er" -& . Flynn . Goltz Dayton Kansas City New York . Murdock Los Angeles . Naylor Seattle . Huxtable Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED due credit is given the "ethyl news" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS EISA COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 4 Research, Invention Mean New Industries, Jobs LD Ghengis Khan, learned one day that two hundred thousand people O in one of his provinces were receiving support from the state and contributing nothing in return. He ordered them beheaded and dismissed the problem from his mind. Several months later, however, his minister from the same province again brought in the report that unemployment was rife and that a large number of the population were unable to support themselves. "But how is that?" asked the Khan. "Did we not rid ourselves of the unemployed?" "Oh, yes, your highness, but these are the people who sold to the ones that were beheaded." Unemployment was a problem centuries ago and has been a recurring cause of family grief and political headaches ever since. Those who point to the good old days of the 1800's as times when everybody had jobs and the unemployed consisted of a handful of no-goods who wouldn't work anyhow, have perhaps overlooked or forgotten about the seamen's plight in 1807 and 1808 when Jefferson's Embargo Act kept American trading ships from the seas; the distress and hardship among all types of workers following the Panic of 1837; the post-war depression of 1873 and the years following. These and other trying periods dotted the past century, but, we prefer to remember pleasant things and forget those not so pleasant. Today we are having a violent recurrence of the unemployment disease. Its symptoms have been more severe and it insists on hanging on. Our government recently reported that the number of persons in the United States aided by public funds has increased from 1 in 100 in 1929 to 17 in 100 in 1939. Over the same period the number of unemployed has risen TA millions while the supply of workmen has increased only 33* millions, and of the present number of 11 millions unemployed, one-third or more are men less than 25 years old. In trying to find a place to lay the blame for this predicament, many well-meaning people have turned upon industry with the charge that greed for profit has been the chief cause of the trouble. Oddly enough those responsible for this kind of thinking take two directly opposite viewpoints. Some say that industry is holding back new products and processes for economic reasons by means of patents, thus not contributing to the creation of employment. Others hold that industry is Continued on page 9 In This Issue Research Means New Industries Tuning-Up the Big Leaguers Dynamometer--Fleet Maintenance Tool Tractor Experts Vision Billion-Gallon Market The "Flightray" "Greatest Show on Earth" in Winter Quarters New Yonkers Laboratory It's a Small World "Farmer Days" A New Treasure Island for 1940 New York's "Toonerville Trolley" Gasoline Consumption, Registrations, etc. X-Ray Checks Auto Tires South Texas Fleet Ethyl-Minded Six-Piece Oil Barge Clinic Itinerary Newsbriefs--Service Awards ETC 22636 Tuning Up The Big Leaguers ASEBALL players have their as the pistons swing at the "plate." Manager William B. "Bill" McKechnie B "Tune-Up Time" too. Each Ball players must have correct tim spring major and minor league caning also to produce hits, instead of didates depart for training camps in the South and West to limber up takes time off from tuning-up his cham pion Cincinnati Reds to watch an Ethyl Clinic demonstrate motor tune-up. In the usual order. Manager McKechnie; Fred Cody, Junior Engineer; Stuart winter-stiffened muscles and regain Forbes, Automotive Engineer; Joe Wil- their batting eye before the long, grueling regular season starts. The Cincinnati Reds, National I Hams, Property Man; Rod McKenna, V Tune-up Engineer; and S. T. Pruitt, Jr., Clinic Manager. League champions of last season, were tuning up this spring in foul balls or strike outs, and Mana Tampa, Florida, while the Ethyl ger McKechnie saw that in baseball Motor Clinic was on location and and in motor performance "it doesn't Manager William B. "Bill" McKech- mean a thing if you haven't got that nie took time off from baseball to swing." attend a Clinic meeting. Ethyl Motor Clinic Number 11, Manager McKechnie watched an managed by S. T. Pruitt, Jr., was op automobile perform on the chassis erating this spring in the heart of the dynamometer while Ethyl engineers pre-season baseball world. Twenty- demonstrated the power behind cor eight major and minor league teams rect timing by controlling the "pitch" of the spark plugs hurling the burning gasoline vapor charges Keep your eye on this boy, "Pee Wee" Reese, the Brooklyn Dodgers Rookie Shortstop. were in Florida, for training and they played some 200 games in the "Grapefruit League" before moving ETHYL MEM'S M ETC 22637 Manager Bill Terry of the New York Giants instructs his pitching staff on the new foot rule. Clifford G. Melton demonstrates. Melton entered organ ized baseball in 1931, and in the past three seasons with the Giants has won 46, lost 38 games, for a percentage of .548. Ernest "Ernie" Lombardi, Cincinnati's famous catcher, takes a hefty swat at the ball. Lombardi broke in with Oak land on the Pacific Coast in 1927. He was with Brooklyn in 1931, and was traded in 1932 to Cincinnati. Lom bardi was voted the most valuable play er in the National League in 1938. ETC 22638 V Robert W. A. "Bob" Feller of the Cleve land Indians, the American League Pitching Ace, starting his fifth year in the big league. Feller, Iowa's national sports hero, leaped into fame pitching his first game for Cleveland in 1936 on account of his ability to strike out bat ters. In four years of major pitching Feller has won 55 games, lost 30, and struck out 712 batters in 786 innings pitched. George A. "Twinkletoes" Selkirk, New York Yankee Outfielder, takes his cut at the ball and apparently his timing was right. Selkirk entered organized base ball with Cambridge in the Eastern States League in 1927 and in 1934 came to the Yankees. He bats left handed, throws right handed and in six years of big league ball has made 657 hits for an average of .303. In four Worlds Series with the Yankees, 1936 through 1939, he made 17 hits for an average of .261. northward to open the season this month. Players who will make baseball news in the months to come are shown on these pages, as they worked out in Florida training camps. The New York Yankees, cur rent American League power house, will be out to repeat, with hopes for another World's championship next October. In the National League the Cincinnati Reds, after winning their first championship since 1919, will be fighting to finish in first place again. The New York Giants, cham pions of only a few years ago, will be looking for a berth in the first divi sion and the Brooklyn Dodgers hope to continue their rise in the league standing. Eleven of the sixteen major league teams trained in Florida. National League teams predominated with Cincinnati at Tampa; New York at Winter Haven; Boston at Braden ton; St. Louis at St. Petersburg; Brooklyn at Clearwater, and Phila delphia at Miami Beach. The five American League teams in Florida were Detroit at Lakeland; Cleve land at Fort Myers; Boston at Sara sota; New York at St. Petersburg, and Washington at Orlando. In the American Association the Kansas City club was at Haines City; Minneapolis at Daytona Beach; St. Paul at Leesburg; Milwaukee at Ocala; Louisville at Arcadia; Indian apolis at Bartow and Columbus at Hollywood. Seven teams of the International League were in Florida also; Buffalo at Plant City; Rochester at West Palm Beach; Syracuse at Fort Laud erdale; Jersey City at Winter Haven; Toronto at Avon Park; Montreal at Lake Wales and Newark at Sebring. Southern League teams were Chattanooga at DeLand; Memphis at Wauchula and Nashville at San ford. ETC 22639 \ N1>r |v The Chassis Dynamometer-A Fleet M Q1 n tpn D n re Ton 1 J.VJ. alii X KJKJl ""r i:dc`"^k"0fS4 vehicles ranging from the smallest passenger car to the largest heavy duty truck. The dynamometer was built especially for the county by the Wilson-Kesemann Company of Ven tura, California, the same firm that constructed the dynamometers for the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation's eleven motor clinics. ly PROGRESSIVE fleet operators are continually looking for improved methods of maintaining their equip5ent in good running order and of bntrolling their costs of operation, be use of a chassis dynamometer for this purpose is becoming more bmmon and fleets that are utilizing Such equipment are very well pleased snth their results. The chassis dyna mometer--a machine for duplicating aal road conditions -- was origitly confined to research work but nqre and more is being utilized in Tbimnercial and fleet operations. 5The County of Los Angeles, Cali"omia, has used a chassis dvnamo- Los Angeles County has used a chassis dynamometer since 1938 for its 468 vehicles which cover an area of 4115 square miles. meter since 1938 in the maintenance of its motor vehicle equipment. The local problems of maintenance and cost control for this fleet are interest ing since the territory served com bines the densely populated city of Los Angeles with considerable rural territory. Los Angeles County has an area of 4,115 square miles, with a total population of more than 2,500,000 people. The operating conditions for this fleet vary from sea level to mountains nearly 5,000 feet high, from hot desert driving to snowfilled mountain passes. The fleet is comprised of 468 vehicles including passenger cars, ambulances, sher iffs' cars, light and heavy trucks, construction equipment, snowplows, and forestry department vehicles, and was driven a total of 6,446,610 miles during 1939. Thechassis dynamometer installed in the Los Angeles County shop is loaded by means of electric genera tors, with a holding capacity up to 250 horsepower and can handle au tomobiles at speeds as high as 175 miles per hour. It is the largest dyna- A. R. Sitton, Shop Foreman of the garage where county equipment is un der constant inspection. The use of the dynamometer as an inspection instrument has not only facilitated and speeded up vehicle inspections but has provided better diagnosis and control of maintenance problems. It has been very useful in locating minor troubles before they become major repairs, which per- Continued on page 6 George Lundy (left) who operates Los Angeles County's huge dynamometer with holding capacity of 250 horse power. Beside him is Joseph Miller, inspector of the shop. ETC 22640 J Raymond Shaw, left, president of Chek-Chart, turns the meeting over to George Krieger of Ethyl Gasoline, who opens a question-and-answer session. Tractor Experts Vision New Billion-Gallon Market BRAND new billion-gallon-a- meetings were surprised to learn A year market for motor fuels is the unexpected dimensions of this predicted within the next few yearsp. romised market. In spite of the This is the expanding farm marketg, reat number of farms which have which has been growing steadily recently been mechanized, the next 'with the trend toward mechanized few years will- see 1,000,000 more farm power over the last several tractors on American farms. Many years, and which now presents a of these will be "baby" tractors, of new, rich, untapped vein of con one or two-plow capacity, replacing sumers. draft animals because they cost less, These are the "small farmers" of are less expensive in upkeep, do America, who operate 3 million more work per hour in greater va farms not over 100 acres in size, who riety, and greatly simplify the labo are beginning to forsake the horse rious routine of the farmer's day. and the mule for the new "baby" These oil men were especially in tractors now being sold so reason terested to learn that the fuel con ably. This forecast was made by en sumption of the average farm tractor gineers and marketing experts at a equals that of 21a automobiles. This recent tractor conference held in is one of the reasons why the farmer Minneapolis. already buys 25% of all petroleum The 150 oil men from the North products sold in this country. Every west who attended the series of day, it was pointed out, more tractor- T powered equipment is being pur chased to take the place of manual labor--not only harvesters and com bines, but saws, pumps, ensilage cutters and stationary equipment of all sorts. The tractor is the key to selling the entire line of petroleum products according to Mr. Raymond Shaw, president of the Chek-Chart Cor poration, which made a thorough analysis of the problem for the pur pose of developing a farm sales pro gram. He predicted that 1940 will see farm income at a ten-year high. According to Mr. A- W. Lavers, chief engineer of MinneapolisMoline, oil men can best aid the trac tor movement by properly instruct ing both fanners and tractor dealers in the proper use and care of trac tors. Principal maintenance features he mentioned are cleaning air and oil filters, changing oil, maintaining proper lubrication, and such miscel laneous adjustments as checking valve clearances periodically. Mr. George Krieger, Ethyl's tractor ex pert, outlined the "automotive" trend in modem tractor engine de sign which has accounted for such notable increases in horsepower per pound and per dollar. In his talk he revealed how modem efficiency in tractor engineering has been made possible through improvement over the past several years in the fuels which are available to the farmer. Continued from page 5 mits wider spacing of general over hauls with a corresponding decrease in maintenance costs. Mr. L. L. Beardslee sums up the fleet operat ing problems by saying, "Proper fleet operation today must include an adequate system of preventive maintenance. Careful control of the costs of maintenance is vital and the chassis dynamometer is a very valu able tool within this system." Los Angeles County uses Ethyl Gasoline in all of the higher com pression units for which the manu facturers recommend that fuel and all other equipment is being run on leaded regular gasoline. ETHYL SEWS [6] ETC 22641 lets aw, lorigh )urirowill igh. ers, >lisracictlers .ac\res .md .ing cel:ing Mr. exive" deuch per < he v in ade iver lels r. ver,'ase L. rat>per ude tive the the alu- V tiTjv^ Answer to a Pilot's Prayer--the "Flightray' HE pilot of today would no tracks, with a road map spread across Tmore think of trying to fly a your lap. modern air transport without instru By the time the airplane entered ments than he would think of tryingthe war of 1914 however, it had ac to fly it without a motor. For the safe quired a small cluster of instruments handling of the ship he must know --altimeter, compass, air speed indi how high he is, how fast he is mov cator, banking indicator and tach ing and in what direction, how his ometer. Long-range flights, for motors are behaving and a dozen bombing or reconnaissance, imme other things at once. diately showed the need for fuel In the early days it was different. gauges, drift sights and a clock. You flew "by the seat of your pants" Then came the "rate" instruments-- and did the best you could. If you rate of turn indicator and rate of wanted to know your altitude, you climb indicator. Scheduled carrying put your head out and looked down. of the air mail after the war, with its If you wanted to know where you long periods of blind flight, brought were, you flew low over a town and the directional gyro and the gyro tried to read the signs. If you wanted scopic horizon. Radio apparatus car to fly from New York to Boston, you ried its own instruments. By 1930 the followed the New Haven railroad instrument panel was overcrowded. But the trend did not stop. Air planes were getting bigger and more complex. Hydraulic, pneumatic and electrical systems all added their own instruments. Engines evolved to such a high state of refinement that fuel pressure, fuel mixture, oil pres sure, oil temperature, air pressure, cylinder head temperature--all had to be indicated on separate dials. And whether a plane had one motor or four, each engine needed its own set of instruments. De-icers, wing flaps, retractable landing gear, heat ers, lights and variable pitch propel lers all added their quota. Over 200 separate dials demanded the pilots attention. The situation reached its worst about five years ago, when instruments had spread to the floor, the sidewalls, and finally the ceiling of the pilot's narrow cockpit. The only element in the situation that was not expanding was the pilot. He still had only one pair of eyes, one brain, and an unmechanical habit of getting rattled when the in struments became contradictory or too active. The strain on him was terrific. He couldn't fly without look ing at the instruments, and the busi ness of taking a separate reading of each, then mentally translating that numerical reading into actual condi tions of flight, often left him hope lessly confused. There were serious complaints--occasionally serious ac cidents. Many minds worked on the prob lem of relieving the pilot's predica ment. The first and most obvious step was to make some of his manu ally operated controls automaticautomatic pilot, automatic mixture 1940 yiiaSSP!IOIflHtE^Lft_Z. The flightray is a cathode ray tube with silhouette of a plane painted in center of dial. A luminous green ring is pro jected on the white face which indi cates the course to be followed. Green lines also show gyroscopic horizon, air speed and change of direction. Safety zone is indicated by short black hori zontal lines on upper and lower half of face. ETC 22642 controls, propeller pitch control, car buretor heat control, etc. The list is still growing. But no matter how much of the pilot's work is taken over by such devices he still has the responsibility of checking them. On large planes, of course, the duties are divided among a larger crew. A flight engineer takes over all engine controls and instruments; radio and navigation are handled by others. All the pilot has to do is fly the ship and check his monitoring instruments. But these still remain complicated. In the interest of fur ther safety and convenience, engi neers now are working on the prob lem of simplifying and coordinating special groups of instruments. In the February issue of the "News" we de scribed the new "Tell-Tale" system devised by Curtiss-Wright, which reveals, through illuminated name plates, any engine or control which needs attention. Another great contribution, prob ably a milestone in the development of aeronautical instrumentation, is about to be launched by the Sperry Gyroscope Company--the Flightray. This new device coordinates, in simple and quickly understandable form, all the information immedi ately necessary for ordinary flight, blind flying, or blind landing. Tech nically, it is a complicated mecha nism which takes readings from the altimeter, the directional gyro, the The flightray installed experimentally in a twin-engined United Airlines Re search Boeing. LANDING RECEIVER COUPLING UNIT ARTIFICIAL HORIZON OlRECTIONAL GYRO ALTIMETER AIR SPEED RADIO COMPASS artificial horizon and the air-speed meter, and coordinates these read ings pictorially on one illumined instrument-face. The Flightray is a cathode ray tube on which luminous green lines projected across a white face indi cate whether the ship is on its course, level with the gyroscopic horizon, what the air speed is, and any change in direction of flight. In the center of the face is painted a black silhouette of a miniature ship, as seen from the tail. A lumi nous green ring, which indicates the projected course, wanders about the face of the dial, above or below the miniature, to right or left. To bring the ship back to its course, the little plane is always "flown" toward the ring -- only it's the circle, not the miniature plane that moves about the dial. A straight horizontal line indicates the gyroscopic horizon. But let us see how the apparatus actually works. Suppose an airliner is flying into New York's new airport at North Beach. The plane has been following --via the Flightray--a true "beam" course at 5,000 feet altitude. The ring has always swung to left or right when the ship wandered off the "directional beam," and up or down when the plane flew above or below the previously determined altitude. As the ship roars along, the pilot gets a signal telling him he has crossed the intersection of the southeastern beam from Newark airport. Know ing his position with relation to the airport he has the co-pilot cut down the throttle so as not to gain exces sive speed when he begins to glide in to the field. At the same time, the pilot switches from the "flight" radio beam to the "landing" radio beam from North Beach, and the green circle on the dial takes its readings from a new set of instruments. That green circle is now the path to the airport. It could be likened to the cross-section of an invisible tunnel through the air, down which the little plane on the dial has to be flown. If the circle wanders away from the little plane, the plane must be "flown" after it. With throttles reduced to hold the ship at proper air speed for gliding in, with the little plane in the center of the circle and its miniature wings lined up with the horizontal green "horizon" line on the dial, the pilot will be making a natural power ap proach to the airport. This type of power approach has long since been demonstrated as the practical way to make a "blind" landing. There are two checks to give the E TtlYC KBWS rsi _____________ ETC 22643 ude. gets issed stern now> the (own Kcesglide .ches > the ,'orth i the .vset ,-le is ould >f an air, i the ircle lane, it. .1 the .ding ;nter dugs ,reen pilot r ap)e of been ay to a the pilot his position as he flies down the landing beam. As he passes over the first marker beam, generally about two miles from the airport, a green light flashes momentarily at the right top of the instrument. As he crosses the very edge of the landing field a red light at the top left flashes to tell him that he is but a few feet from the ground and in a few seconds the wheels will be making contact. He could land without lights, in a fog or even in a "blackout" without danger. Automatic landings, when their time comes, would be done the same way with the automatic pilot taking its dictation from the instruments and the Flightray monitoring the landing. The Sperry Flightray fits into the space now occupied on the instru ment board by the artificial horizon. Pilots report that its soft green lines are easily seen, yet not tiring to the eyes. And this isn't all they say about it. For many of them regard it as the answer, at last, to that prayer a pilot breathes at the end of a hard flight, as he fights to bring his ship and pas% sengers safely down on the field. Research, Invention Mean New Industries, Jobs Continued from -page 1 progressing too fast--introducing too many labor saving devices. Obviously both of these views cannot be correct. If we look at re cent records of the legislatures of such states as Missouri, Maryland and Minnesota, we find bills or pro posals for bills that tax labor-saving machinery, so it would seem that . among the law makers at least the latter view prevails. But rather than follow the trend of the day and take a public opinion poll on the ques tion, let us look at a few simple facts. The charge that industry is hold ing back new things through the self ish suppression of important patents was answered by President Roose velt's appointment of a Patent Com mittee whose job it was to investi gate the patent system. One of the members of this committee, Frank Baldwin Jewett, Vice-President of the American Telephone and Tele graph Company, recently stated that "Despite the fact that I have made diligent inquiry over the years, I have never been able to locate a sup pressed patent, nor have I ever found anyone who could cite an au thentic case of suppression." As to the other point of view, we must acknowledge that machines may cause temporary unemploy ment, although the taking up of this slack in manpower is one of the chief objectives of manufacturing indus try today. A machine is a tool to hasten work or make it easier. The lever is a machine which may cause unemployment, since a man with a crowbar can exert as much force or lift as great a weight as several men without this mechanical aid. The size of the machine does not change the principle involved. It may be that modern machinery has come in for some bitter criticism and blame for unemployment because a great deal of false emphasis has been placed on the labor-saving aspect. The real issue in evaluating laborsaving machinery is the effect it will have on the people as a whole rather than a small number of individuals. Both common sense and mathemati cal law tell us that something has been gained when a job can be done with less energy, yet society should not lose thereby. The machine has enabled indus try to increase output and offer products at lower prices so that a greater number of them may be en joyed by people of modest incomes. This has been accomplished not by a reduction but by an actual increase in men employed. Further, the ma chine has made it possible for a man to earn in an eight-hour day more than he earned 20 years ago in a ten or twelve-hour day. The net result is that the purchasing power is higher and we have more leisure time in which to enjoy recreational pas times. With $3,000 in 1925 one might have bought an automobile, an elec tric refrigerator and a radio. Today, as a result of mechanical advances and labor-saving machinery, $3,000 will buy a much better automobile, a better refrigerator, a better radio, with enough money left to buv a new wardrobe, and almost as much to save or make other purchases. The increase in purchasing power, which has amounted to 20 per cent in the last 20 years, does not remain idle but normally is immediately re invested to create new jobs. Labor is required to build machines. Men are needed to sell new products and ser vice new industries. It is very likely, for instance, that for every man dis placed by a machine in the manu facture of automobiles, two or more have found jobs in garages, gasoline stations, in the construction of roads, in the production of more rubber, glass, paints, plastics, chemicals and all the things which are necessary in the building and use of automobiles. We must realize that only re search and invention can create per manent new employment. History has shown that it is when industrial progress flourishes that people come closest to their goal of prosperity and steady employment. No Ghengis Khan tactics or relief projects will solve the problem. Only when we are making something that peo ple want and will buy can we go to our homes at night with the warm feeling of a day's work honestly done and the certainty of a job to go back to the next morning. The big task today is to regain that confidence which will put re search and invention to work to create new industries and new jobs. Without new things industry will stagnate and we will only sink deeper into the morass of permanent unemployment. Courtesy Monsanto Magazine . '>' APRIt 19 4 0 ' l9I ETC 22644 "Greatest Show on Earth" in Winter Quarters While at winter quarters the elephants SARATOSA, Florida, is "Home, are continually trained in new dance Sweet, Home" to the largest no steps and formations. In good weather madic family in the world, the morethis program is carried on out of doors than 1600 persons who make up theand the public are allowed to view the personnel of the Ringling Brothers proceedings. and Bamum and Bailey combined of other equipment, it had to take circus. Here on a large fenced-in tract advantage of every mechanical de vice. Moving this staggering collec this Goliath of Showdom goes into tion of men and beasts from every winter quarters each November to come out again in the spring, bigger and better with new equipment, new acts and new thrills for the millions of Americans who will see it in hun dreds of cities on its 15,000 mile tour. Of course the main circus moves in trains but it uses many gallons of country under the sun requires four full length steel trains, many trucks and tractors, loaders, etc., and in the quarters at Sarasota are complete machine shops and repair depart ments equipped and ready to handle anv job. gasoline in its large fleet of trucks and automobiles. With this in mind Mr. Fred Cody, Ethyl's representa tive in Florida journeyed over to Sarasota to visit the "Greatest Show on Earth." Before the show goes out all the numerous mechanical devices and elaborate equipment must be in per fect condition and carefully checked for any flaws which may cost per formances and even lives. In the old days the circus man aged to get along with the minimum of mechanical equipment but as it grew and expanded to form the stag gering collection of 1,000 menagerie animals, 800 horses, 50 elephants, five rings, acres of canvas and tons Hubert Castle, the world's greatest tight wire walker, keeps in practice at Sarasota winter quarters. But let's take a journey through the grounds as thousands of visitors do each winter. Entering the big green gate guarded by golden lions' heads, one drives through the ave nue of palms to the parking lot and from there continues on foot. After passing offices and repair sheds we enter the largest and most preten tious building on the grounds, a huge concrete structure which houses the wild animals. The pens are all labeled and include every thing from tiny monkeys to the pon derous hippo -- there are lions and tigers including Sultan, largest in captivity, measuring 15 feet from tip to tip. No visit to the circus quarters would be complete without a view of the elephants. The Ringling herd includes 35 of these big fellows all housed in a special barn. Much of their time during the winter is spent in learning new routine for the sum mer tour and their movements as they struggle to learn a new dance or balancing act provides one of the highlights of the trip. But now for the most famous ani mal in the world--"Gargantua the Great." As one writer puts it, "He lives for one purpose only--murder." There he sits in his 11-ton air-condi tioned cage which cost $20,000. Go rillas are susceptible to pneumonia ETHYL NEWS [ io 1 ETC 22645 uarters a view g herd jws all uch of s spent e sumnts as dance - of the us aniua the :t, "He irder." -condi)0. Goimonia EWS and no chance can be taken with this million dollar specimen. The history of the huge ape has been so well publicized that there are few who do not know his story. However, when Mr. Cody visited the circus a couple of weeks after Life's photographer Alfred Eisenstaedt was there to se cure shots for his magazine, he learned some of the difficulties which were encountered in the un dertaking. One picture of Eisenstaedt shows him as he entered the small compart ment at the end of the cage and got a close range view of the gorilla as This Month's Cover Felix Adler, world famous clown, is a joy to the kiddies' hearts. A million-dollar-murderer is the show's top prize and the meanest beast in captivity. the beast tried to reach him through the bars. Another picture shows the photographer at work. Time and again he would get his camera in focus, but as soon as he put it up to the bars to get the exposure, Gargantua would charge and he would have to hurl himself against the rear of the cage to escape the creature's grasp. This explains his unusual cos tume. It would seem a news photog rapher's life is indeed one of thrills. The animal's trainer, Richard Kroener, told Cody several hair rais ing stories of occasions when a keep er went into the compartment and relaxing his vigil for a moment only, was able to save himself by the nar rowest margin. Kroener himself last summer started to enter the cage and turned his head for a fraction of a second to answer a question. He woke up in the hospital with his upper teeth gone, a broken nose and a long cut across his face. Gargantua had reached him with a straight left. It is said that some gorillas are not at all times bad tempered but John Ringling North's specimen is mean and vicious through and through. However, this very fact makes him the Show's greatest drawing card and the public--young and old--are drawn to his cage as though it were ,'i// Photos Released for Ethyl News This strange protective raiment is nec essary, for as the photographer ap proached the bars the great ape charged and he had to hurl himself against the hack of the cage. APBU 4 9 4 0 [ IX 1 ETC 22646 New Testing Laboratory Opens at Yonkers Perry M. Duncan and Milton H. McGuire, Architects. The new laboratory ix a pleasing brick THYL's most modern fuel test structure of simple, modern lines. It which have now become significant E ing laboratory has just been contains motor rooms, testing rooms, completed at Yonkers, N. Y. The newshops, offices, a lunch room for em in the development of the automo bile. structure, now in operation, houses complete modern equipment for ployees and a garage. The gasoline stor age room is in the low wing to the left of main building. Hudson Kellogg is in charge of test work in the new laboratory. testing all important characteristics John C. Pope, whose office is in the of modern gasolines, including the laboratory and which saw the begin building, directs the nationwide fuel several present ratings for octane ning of several research projects analysis program. equivalent. Besides analyzing fuels the new laboratory will serve as a control sta tion for correlating the findings of tests on gasoline samples which are taken from all parts of the country and analyzed in five other district laboratories located at Detroit, Baton Rouge, Kansas City, Tulsa and San Bernardino. California. The new Yonkers building, lo cated alongside the Saw Mill River Parkway at 1060 Nepperhan Ave nue, contains about 10.000 square feet of floor space for apparatus, shops and offices. It replaces an older building on the Cross-Countv Parkway, which served for many vears as the original Ethvl research Two of the CFR motors ready for op eration in their new home, attended by Larry Hunt and Everett Garnsey. ET BY E \ V. W ** ETC 22647 It's a Small World N Esquire for January, 1940, an The copy boys did figure a tie-up, I article written hv Stanley Jones and it's a small world. Any one who entitled "Babies Leave Me Cold!" has watched Ethyl's series of farm begins with the following anecdote: advertisements will of course recog "The other evening, two men just nize the ad which was being dis ahead of me in the train were dis cussed--the announcement of Min- cussing an illustration for an adver neapolis-Moline's high-compression tisement. The product, I gathered, "baby" tractor last fall. Ed Downs, was a mechanical dingbat of some who helped work out the advertise sort--something used in motors. ment, sent a proof of it to Mr. Jones. sketch, it certainly has no eye ap peal. Some babies, to be sure, enjoy barely perceptible advantages in form, pigmentation, and awareness of surroundings. But in no sense can one compete in lively interest, warm response, or common sense with a puppy, a kitten, or even a suckling pig. Small pigs are infin itely diverting, with their frank and T'SA HIGH COMPRESSION BABY OVER AT MINNEAPOLIS-MOLINE They fussed and fumed with sketches for fifty minutes, then one struck his leg with a glad cry. " `I've got it! Big picture of a baby! Give it two-thirds of the page!' "His friend appeared pleased but a trifle dubious. `Yeah, George, sure. But how you going to link up a high compression mechanical product with a naked baby?' `"Don't be a dope,' said George, striking him on the chest with the back of his hand. `Everybody goes overboard for a baby! Let the copy boys figure a tie-up.' '' Stanley Jones, an advertising man himself, answered, "Your ad is pretty effective, but I'd still rather see the tag hung on the tractor. But then I'm prejudiced, and admit it." That Mr. Jones' "prejudice" is somewhat deep-rooted is revealed by further paragraphs from his amusing article: "I don't like babies on any basis. The very appearance of a baby is as unpleasant to me as is any evidence of a new, raw project. Ugly, form less, pointless and indicative in no sense of the architects rosy mental jolly piggishness and suspicious shoebutton eyes. Not so a baby. "Lying there in pink arrogance like a slug on a lettuce leaf, he takes all and screams for more. Almond headed, vacant-faced, toothless--it staggers human credulity to imagine this phenomenon in any role not bounded by the canvas of a side show. To this day, I am utterly un able to imagine a handsome man or a breathtaking bit of feminine pastry as ever having been a baby. Having seen the one, I simply cannot be lieve the other." APRIL I 4 0 [ 13 ] ETC 22648 Tarmer Days" are Dealer Days selves to be effective wavs of start ing the program by arousing every one's attention and interest. Intro- ductors' talks on the new "101-JUX- IOR" Tractor, the semi-mounted V mower, the No. 27 Two-Bottom Plow, the 1940 Farmer - proved CLIPPER Combine, the new "101- SUPER" Tractor and other Massev- Harris tools. Along with presenta tions of 20 or 30 door prizes and a major prize, free lunch at noon, sound slide films on various imple ments, a presentation of Ethyl's "Good Gas" story and entertainment movies fill the Farmer Day Program from 10 A.M. to late afternoon. Highlighting the program are the actual presentations of the CLIP PER Combine and high compres sion "101-SUPER" and "101-JUN- IOR" Tractors. Farmers on every occasion have displayed the greatest amount of interest because of the advanced design of these units and their unprecedented performance. gala occasion is taking place A typical farmers day meeting spon A these days in many rural com sored by Massey-Harris--this one at St. munities throughout the country asMartins, Wis. On an average of 200 Massey-Harris dealers from Newfarmers attend each meeting, eat hot York to California hold their annual dogs, drink lemonade and "look over Farm Days. The reason --to intro the new line" duce the new machines built for the emancipation of agriculturists from the back breaking jobs of old fash ioned farming. Gala? Yes--because to the dealer Farmer Day means "John Ross Gets The Facts," explain ing the economics of burning good gas and the Massey-Harris picture, "The Only Way," have proved them John Finnegan, salesman out of the Racine Branch of the Massey-Harris Company, after conducting his deal ers' Farmer Days remarked: "In all my seventeen years selling farm ma chinery and answering questions put to me by farmers during Farmer Day presentations, I have never known any single tractor develop ment that has aroused more interest than high compression does today." coming to town with all the neigh bors to laugh and learn in a good natured group. The entertainment is A New and More Scintillating good, the lunch, usually the tradi tional American hot dog, doughnuts and coffee, is better and the more technical, educational material is rated best by all attendants. Treasure Island for 1940 t F you owned the lamp of Aladdin, beauty from every part of the spec Iyou wouldn't be able to conjur up trum. More than a million dollars a magic city to compare with the have been invested in the lighting The program, although it varies Golden Gate International Exposi system. somewhat with the whim of the tion of 1940, which opens on May 25. The cement stucco has been cov dealer, follows a standard pattern The illumination, which was one ered with scintillating mica, so that planned by the Company and car of the features of last year's Fair, it gleams under flourescent tubes ried out by the territorial salesman will be more vivid, more stimulating. and flood lights as if myriads of dia and Branch house sales executives in conjunction with the dealer. Sound movies, entertaining and Pastel shades will give way to more striking hues, and color schemes set by the flower patterns in the courts monds, emeralds and rubies had been made a part of the towering walls. The fountains will be cascades of col technical, head the bill after an in will blend with the night lights, or at night, with under-water illumi troductory talk by the dealer or com changing with the season and pre nation, changing at intervals through pany representative. The Ethyl film, senting a spectacle that draws for its the whole series of the rainbow. ETtlYL .VEWS [ 14 1 ETC 22649 art- .TV- troJ.\.ted tom ved '01>eylt'a.d a ion, pleivl's lent ram the -IPresJNerv .test the and nee. the irris ;eali all maions mer ver loprest av." pecllars ting eovthat ibes diaieen alls. colimi-ugh In the gardens Siamese ceremo nial umbrellas, fifty feet in height, will throw a glow of light through their translucent tops, and a chain of search-lights, each 36 inches in diameter, will furnish an aurora bo realis as the powerful beams are directed through the fountain that stands before the Tower of the Sun. Black light is employed, with all its mysterious transformation of the drab and commonplace into irides cent fields of fairyland. Experiments of last season proved its efficacy and its power to transform ordinary things into kaleidoscopic pictures of strange beauty. Entertainment will be stressed in the daily programs at the Exposition this year, but the educational and cultural features which proved so popular, will not be neglected. One of the most ambitious pag eants ever attempted will be "Amer ica, Cavalcade of a Nation," which will portray outstanding events in the history of the United States on a stage 400 feet wide and 200 feet deep. American history will be brought to life. Columbus will come once more in the Santa Maria; Captain John Smith will bring back the ro mance of colonial days; the pilgrims, building the foundations of the American spirit, will be seen at thendaily tasks; Patrick Henry will re peat his "Give me liberty, or give me death"; Paul Revere will ride once more; Lexington, Valley Forge and Yorktown, each a landmark in the birth of a nation, will tell their vivid tales of courage and faith in the pur suit of liberty; Lincoln will deliver his immortal words at Gettysburg; the gold rush, Pony Express and the linking of the East with the West with the installation of the gold spike at Promontory, Utah, will portray the growth of America westward, and the final scenes will have a set ting in the "Gay Nineties" in San Francisco. 15,000 characters will ap pear on the stage, and accommoda tions for 7,000 spectators are pro vided. t/lY y ii NewYork's Own "Toonerville Trolley Y TrUVE times a day one of New X1 York's most fascinating outdoor performances plays to an audience that would make a matinee idol jump up and down with glee if not with the cold. This performance is the ice making process which takes place each day from October to April on the Rockefeller Center Ice Skating Pond in full view of the thousands who daily visit the Center. The principal actor in this chilly drama is a wheel tractor which runs around and around the pond, drag ging behind it two contrivances known in skating pond parlance as an "ice plane" and a "V-shaped snow box." The ice plane shaves off the ice much as a carpenter's plane shaves off wood. The snow box catches these shavings and distrib utes them in neat piles which atten dants push down the drains. To skating pond attendants this tractor is affectionately known as the "Toonerville Trolley." Although it never leaves the skating pond dur ing the skating season, the "Tooner ville Trolley" has its own license plates, and its driver is a licensed motor truck operator. Each evening its lights must be turned on just as if it were scooting along a highway, instead of the Rockefeller Center Skating Pond. And it could do eighty miles an hour on the open road! Lesser known but equally impor tant in the daily life of Rockefeller Center, are three other tractors. One of these, a twin of the "Toonerville Trolley," spends its day in the truck ing ramp moving huge sacks of the Center's mail from the Post Office to the mail trucks at the loading plat forms. Two other tractors keep the Cen ter from becoming snowbound. These are caterpillar tractors, larger than the wheel tractors and similar in principle to light army tanks ex cept, of course, that they are equipped with specially designed snow plows instead of guns and ar mor. During a snowstorm these trac tors sometimes work all night--aug mented by a squad of men--so that in the morning Rockefeller Center tenants will not have to plow through snow drifts to get into their buildings. When the snow fall is especially heavy, the mail tractor joins the snow squad after it has delivered the day's last mail sack. And do they use ETHYL? We'll leave you to guess. APitlL 1940 [ `5l ETC 22650 Route US 60, Greenbrier Counti/. Writ Virginia, near "the Greenbrier." famous health resort in White Sulphur Spring. orlsunipfion, Motor Vehicle Registrations, Paved Roads, Go Hand in Hand RECENT study of the increase tration, however, did not increase to A in gasoline consumption, miles the same extent during this period, of paved roads, and motor vehiclehaving only about doubled in the registrations for the past eighteeneighteen vears, as older vehicles vears in West Virginia was made by were being junked and replaced so Ethvl's local representative, H. B. that the registration figure is not a Greenup, with the cooperation of true picture of the industry's in the State Road Commission. There crease. But miles of use per vehicle are, of course, many factors affect doubled during the period with the ing these increases but it is interest result that the industry benefitted ing to note the growth of the petro through additional servicing of these leum and automotive industries in units. So, it is safe to estimate that connection with the expanding and the automotive industry, too, en improvement of the highway sys joyed about a 300% increase since tem. Gasoline tax and vehicle regis 1923. While this growth in West Vir tration fees provide the funds for ginia of the petroleum and automo more and better roads. More and tive industries with the expansion in better roads mean more highway the highway system may vary with travel, increasing the consumption other states, it nevertheless is true of gasoline and the sale of motor that the three have progressed to vehicles, which in turn creates more gether. funds for road building. Thus, the Many improvements have been three are dependent on each other. made in both industries during this The gasoline consumed in 1939 period. Every part that goes to make was slightly over four times that in up a modern automobile, truck or 1923 and the growth in the highway bus has been specifically designed to system showed almost the same perform its functions in providing identical percentage increase. Regis safe and economical transportation, each lubricant has been made to provide the proper lubrication of the various parts, and the steady im provement in fuels has made possi ble the additional power and per formance demanded. Likewise, im provements have been made in roads. In some sections of the coun try are super highways providing several lanes of traffic in the same direction and intersections of vari ous safety designs; these super high ways have been necessary to accom modate the ever increasing amount of traffic. In other sections, practi cally the same degree of safety and movement of traffic is provided through highways of onlv two lanes, one for each direction. Tire problems in road building in level and mountainous country are entirely differ ent. West Virginia is an example of road construction in the latter. The traffic there does not warrant the building of super highways nor does the terrain permit it. Much grading Route US 60 as the motorist found it eighteen years ago. . FWSP1T0FIIF^Hft t nrj* x * w' *' l id ETC 22651 to he msiermin inhig me iri- >m- *int jti:nd led les, ms nn*er of The the oes y.ing V West Virginia 1921*- 1940 Motoe Vehicle Eeistbatioms,6a50lihe Consumptiom, Miles of Paved Boao A typical West Virginia state highway shows results of State Road Commis sion's construction program is necessary, mountain sides must often be moved to provide a path for the highway, fills must be made, bridges over many streams must be built, guard rails at dangerous curves erected and in wet seasons the land slides from under the road or on to the road, thus presenting a problem in maintenance. The cost of such highways per mile is often sufficient to build the same length of a super highway in level country, all of which determines the amount and kind of roads that can be built. West Virginia is mountainous and small in population, having only three cities over fifty thousand pop ulation and none over one hundred thousand. Motor vehicle registra tions are relatively low in number as is wealth per capita, although the state is rich in natural resources of timber, coal, natural gas, and pe- troleum. West Virginia boasts in Charleston, the capital city, one of the leading chemical manufacturing centers in the United States. Its citi zens are interested in the pleasure, safety and performance of modern automobiles using high antiknock, fuels, operating on safe, well main tained roads. Their demand for per formance is shown in the sale of Ethyl Gasoline which averages over 30% of all gasoline used for passen ger car service. The highways on which these automobiles give this extra measure of performance were built and are being maintained with equipment using leaded gasoline. And the continued progress in fuels, motor vehicles and roads, will mean better and more economical trans portation in West Virginia just the same as in all other parts of the nation. A PHI I, 1040 [17] ETC 22652 IT \3 ' / 0/1) CwC0' X-RAY Checks Health of Auto Tires EXT time you drive into a fill N ing station, don't be surprised if the attendant asks whether you want an x-ray. For General Electric has just developed the Tire-o-Scope, a portable fluroscopic device that looks right through your tires and I shows up instantly any breaks. The Tire-o-Scope at work. Plugged into a light socket, it shows the "innerds" of \ the tire on a viewing screen. f i; Iv 1 !.f !!>i ' -if ,!Stf-1 m if ! !U jiFi i i:! i-ijl HIj m Radiograph reveals breaks in tire carcass from a "stone bruise" and patch used to mend it. This x-ray photo reveals a source of danger that may be greater than a about 8 inches off the garage floor; the apparatus is rolled up against one wheel, and--presto! With the touch of a button, the tire becomes transparent. A marking device is mounted on the machine to "spot" locations of defects. The Tire-o-Scope will of course be a handy gadget for garage men to use in selling tire repairs or re placements. But it has a wider im portance in diagnosing the causes of accidents before they happen. Gen eral Electric hopes that by using the x-ray on tires, fewer x-rays will be needed on motorists. bruises or cord separations, as well ^ . as tacks, nails, screws, glass or stones j embedded in the casing. The Tire-o-Scope can be used on all passenger tires and small truck tires. Its x-ray capacity is sufficient so that even 8-ply tires can be accu rately inspected. Oddly enough, white sidewalls are harder to see through than the conventional black ones; the lead oxide coloring offers more resistance to the rays. The unit is mounted on rollers and can be plugged into any electrical outlet. To inspect a tire, the operator raises one axle until both wheels are A nail, a piece of glass and a curb rupture. At high speed these might add tip to an accident. ftuz: ETHYL XEXVS f i8l ETC 22653 V gpe South Texas Fleet Becomes Ethyl-Minded Calallen, Texas, some 18 miles dis tant. were properly adjusted and put on Ethyl. As a result it was found that these units which were "on test" made one additional trip to Calallen. or 36 miles more per tank of fuel, easily justifying the small price dif ferential. Shortly thereafter, Mr. Esterling, who is Superintendent of Mainte nance for South Texas Materials Company directed that the neces sary adjustments be made on the other units so as to convert the en tire fleet to premium fuel. This work was done by Ethvlmen Phillips and Jobes. After the fleet had been in opera tion for a time Mr. Esterling, in dis cussing the matter, said that it had been their practice to exchange en gines at 73,000 miles because of in creased oil consumption but that the motors are in much better condition WANT to thank you for the Ethyl but had made no definite tests now than before. Furthermore, that time and effort you gave us in as to its greater efficiency. It was, starting characteristics have im g. adjusting some of our motors for the however, decided to make a study proved and the increased mileage urse men r re' im- of Jen' the 1 be I proper use of Ethyl Gasoline. "Since adjusting them and using Vf; Ethyl we have noticed a 15% det* crease in gasoline consumption and ; a considerable increase in efficiency r and pulling power. "We are thoroughly convinced by several months' operation using J2thyl Gasoline that it is more eco, Wmical and better for our equipV jlment." This is the opinion of Mr. H. W. of the matter. To this end two of the units which were then operating on a run between Corpus Christi and has been gained through being able to operate on a higher gear than before the change. Six-Piece Oil Barge for Mississippi Service .N'OVEL barge unit for trans Aporting oil on the Mississippi River is being constructed sloping end. Center sections con tain pumping machinery, located fobrelow deck so as to eliminate the Socony-Vacuum by the Americapnump house and provide unob Bridge Company at Ambridge, structed vision for the tow-boat Pennsylvania. The unit measures pilot. Coon, Secretary' of the South. Texas 585 feet in over-all length and 71 The unique design of this multi Materials Co. of Corpus Christi as feet in breadth--a handy enough section barge underwent extensive ." expressed in a letter to Ethyl's repre- size for navigating on the open river, model tests in the model basin of the sentative at San Antonio, Lynn M. but sometimes inconvenient to man Stevens Institute of Technology. It Phillips. age at a wharf. was found that this design showed a The South Texas Materials Co. is To attain greater flexibility in decrease in water resistance of from . ' engaged in handling heavy building loading, docking and unloading, the 10% to 26% over six similar sized materials between Corpus Christi . and other towns in the area and cur barge is being built as six individual barges with conventional rake ends, floating units which are fastened depending upon draft of barges, rently has the contract for this work together in one finished assembly. depth of water and speed of tow. y in connection with the bav front Each of these units is 195 feet long Elimination of rake ends also in beautification project and the new and 35 feet wide. Each has wooden creases cargo capacity by about 6ft. . plant of the Central Power & Light guards only on the outboard side. Combined cargo capacity of the Co. located there. The two center units are shaped entire barge is 52,700 barrels. When Mr. Phillips was first called exactly like cigar boxes, with square Socony-Vacuum expects it to be in !P to >. into consultation with the officers of corners all around. The two front operation on the river some time this concern thev were interested in and two rear units each have one this spring. x<. r 191II APRIL 1940 ETC 22654 JNEWSBRIEFS 7 The Refinery Technology Divi sion in Detroit an nounces the addi tion of Jane F. Jordan to their ranks, as secretary and Librarian. She received a B.S. in chemistry at the University of Chi cago in 1933 and organic chemistry toward an M.S. degree during 1936-1939. Jane's previous business experience in cludes SH years with the Research and Development Laboratories of Universal Oil Products Company in Chicago which position she resigned to join Ethyl. Her favorite forms of diversion are golf, swimming and reading good literature. Within the Boston Division there has re cently come to light "a man of much cour age and superb equipment" in the person of one Herbert C. Moseley who proudly reports the birth of twins on Tuesday, Feb ruary 27th, 1940. The son has been named Edward Franklin, presumably after our President, whereas the daughter has been named Joyce. Mr. Moseley's Yankee thrift immediately came to the forefront even in this great event for upon reporting these arrivals to the Boston Division, his first remark was ``Two for the price of one." On good authority (no less than that of Mat Taylor) we have information to the effect that each of the twins had a far greater abundance of hair than their father, and that their combined weight at birth was some five pounds and 10 ounces greater than that of Mr. Moseley. (Ed. We assume at the time of birth.) During Mrs. Moselev's sojourn in the Newton Hospital with the twins. Herb has been holding open house at^his' home in Wellesley for various relatives as well as for friends. / Various researchers are operating throughout New -England endeavoring to discover whether or not any monument has already been erected to Mr. Moseley simi lar to the one for Dick Murphy and dis covered at Olean, N. Y., some two years ago. Should such a memorial be discov ered, the Boston Party will advise us at the earliest opportunity. From the Detroit Gasoline Testing Labora tory comes word that Mr. and Mrs. Fred J. Schroeter, Jr., are receiving congratula tions on the birth of their daughter, Judith . Ann, who was bom on March 20th, 1940. J This husky young lady tipped the scales at 8 pounds 5 ounces. Mother, daughter and father are all doing splendidly. Charles A. Wilmot of the Manufacturing Plant at Deepwater, was married to Rose Matthews of Oceanville, X. J., at Rich mond, Va., on March 8th, 1940. The new lyweds spent their honeymoon in the South. We extend our best wishes for a happy marriage. Glenis Dickerson became a member of the Tulsa Divi sion's secretarial staff on February 19 th. She is a grad uate of the Tahlequah High School and a former stu dent of the North eastern State Col lege, Tahlequah, Oklahoma, and of the Oklahoma School of Business, Accountancy, Law and Finance, Tulsa. Before joining the Ethyl family, Glenis was secretary to the Manager of the Indus trial and Oil Activities Department at the Tulsa Chamber of Commerce. \J The Following Service Awards have been made as of April 1st, 1940 15 YEARS Lesteb W. Sandebs Medical Adviser 10 YEARS Edwin N. Downs Sales, General Herbert N. Petebs Sales, Tulsa Louis O. Schaefeb Manufacturing, Deepwater 5 YEARS Reginald F. Broquet Chemical Research, Detroit Rollin E. Gish, Jb. Engineering, San Bernardino Don Hendrickson Engineering, San Bernardino Thomas T. Hilor Engineering, San Bernardino Edward D. Lindsay Engineering, San Bernardino Claude A. McHenby __ Engineering, San Bernardino Elizabeth Medlin Sales, Tulsa Raymond H. Seymour Engineering, San Bernardino Virginia Toner Adminstration We take this op portunity to wel come John P. Giffing into our or ganization. John became a member of the Deepwater division of the Manufacturing Department on February 12th in the capacity of a Blender Operator. Prior to his joining Ethvl he was associated with the Arundel Cor poration at Columbia, Pennsylvania, whose employ he entered a short while after graduating from the Fulton High School, Fulton, Pa. Peach Bottom, Pa., claims John as one of its residents and since the Susquehanna flows nearby, it is of little wonder that his hobbies are of the aquatic nature, mainly swimming. On Saturday, March 9th, Alan Hudson Kellogg entered this world weighing eight pounds even. This makes the score in the Kellogg nursery three. The first two were girls--one a blond, and the other a brunette and now comes along Master Kellogg with red hair! The proud father announces that his son can compete in lung power with the field staff's most booming orators. Hud son, who is Manager of the Yonkers Test ing Laboratory, also reports that Mrs. Kel logg is doing splendidly. We take this opportunity to send our heartv congratulations. ooo i Mr. and Mrs. Frederick Hughes announce the arrival of a baby daughter, Patricia Anne, bom on March 10th, weighing 6 lhs. 11 ozs. We are glad to report that Mrs. v' Hughes and her young daughter are doing very nicely. Fred is in the Detroit Research Laboratories. The ethyl chloride division of the Baton Rouge Manufacturing Plant boatsts of two Leap Year Day babies. Mr. and Mrs. Clin ton W. Bond and Mr. and Mrs. Berlin E. Perkins, Jr., announce the arrival on Feb ruary 29th of Clinton, Jr., and Berlin III. respectively. We extend our hearty con gratulations to the proud parents. \ From St. Louis, Mo., comes word of the arrival of John Edgar Wilson on February 22nd, 1940. The young man, who has already been nicknamed "G-Man Wilson by the Kansas City Division, is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Louis L. Wilson. Mrs. Wil son and the baby are feeling fine although little hope is held out for the complete recovery of Louis. Our heartiest congratulations to the en tire Wilson family. , ETDFIr XBVTS \ 20 1 ETC 22655 NEWSBRIEFS p- t*U .lf- >r- hn mt u*r lit* u<r on in NEW MEMBERS OF THE BATON ROUGE MANUFACTURING PLANT \a M [1] Leo A. Miller, laboratory assistant in pher in the Technical Development Divi ployed as stenographer in the main office. or- the tetraethyl lead control laboratory, was sion, received her Master's Degree in She was born in Baton Rouge and grad ose born in Glencoe, La., and received bis edu chemistry from the Louisiana State Uni uated from tlie Louisiana State University. ter cation at Louisiana State University. versity in 1938. [6] Wilford E. Frazier, blender operator, )0l. [2] Eric P. Breidenbach, chemist at the [4] George T. Mercier, Jr., chemist at the was born in Kentwood, La., and graduated ethyl chloride plant, was graduated in ethyl chloride plant, received his degree in from high school in that town in 1935. one 1939 from Tulane University with degree chemical engineering from Louisiana State [7] Arnold Severson lias been employed ma in chemical engineering. University in 1939. as warehouse man at the ethvl chloride his [3] Eleanor Louise Winborn, stenogra (5] Winifred M. Dugas has been em plant since February 26th, 1940. nlv 'on ^ht the ere itte it.'ith Jiat vith ud"est* SCel* our Liice icia lbs. / Irs. ^ ling irch iton two llini E. ' ?eb- ' III. von- the tary has son" n of Wil,ugh >lete \ v en Ethyl Motor Clinic Itinerary Clinic Number I A. D. Martin, Manager 2 I. E. Flaa, Manager 3 W. A. Newman, Manager 4 G. B. Donahue, Manager 5 H. E. Cottrell, Manager 7 M. Littlefield, Manager 8 R. J. Coveney, Manager 9 L. A. Doilahan, Manager 10 C. M. Berry, Manager Division Present Location Remains Approx. Los Angeles Los Angeles Permanently 977 W. Sixth Street - Chicago Fargo, N. D. 502 N.P. Avenue 4/19 Dayton Dayton, Ohio 725-33 S. Main Street 4/17 New York Olean, N. Y. 1050 East State Street 4/18 Tulsa Wichita Falls, Texas 707 Scott Street 4/30 New York Lancaster, Pa. 27 Pine Street 4/19 Boston Brockton, Mass. 4/26 29 East Chestnut Street Chicago Lafayette, Ind. 835 Main Street 5/6 Kansas City Cedar Rapids, Iowa 5/17 Next Location Opens Approx. Sioux Falls, S. D. 4/22 Findlay, Ohio 4/23 Boston Division Lubbock, Texas 5/6 Experimental Work Lawrence, Mass. 5/1 Undetermined Undetermined 11 S. T. Pruitt, Jr., Manager Atlanta Miami, Fla. 5/17 400 S. W. Second Avenue Savannah, Ga. 5/24 K ws ETc 22656 w*.. / >y CCCongratulations^ my boy. You've a future in aviation. For ihc moment lie's tlic happiest boy in the world, lie's won a prize in a model airplane meet. But it isn't the prize that really counts... it's Lite thrill ol building a better plane than anybody else. Isn't it really this same thrill that keeps practical aviation men striving to surpass today's performance? Building planes that fly farther, faster, and with heavier loads? Searching for more pozeer? For the development of aviation is closely linked with power. That's why the engineers of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation are today working with aviation technicians in the improvement of fuels and engines. A program of continuous research has already de veloped a mass of useful data. Some of this information can be applied to today's problems. Much of it will be of greatest value in years to come--the years when young sters like our prize-winner above are _-=__3K3S/y 1 readv to seek their "future in aviation." tmn'm 1 JjJ ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION, monujocturer of out i-filin'f flniils nsOil by oil campon les to improve osolie _________________ ETC 22657 *? The Automobile and the Small Town \ NEWS Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON ['. NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello J~'- . X" F. S. Cronin Atlanta Baltimore B. R. Jones Boston A. B. Wyrick Chicago H. F. Dedo Dayton D. S. Flynn Kansas City R. L. Goltz New York M. P. Murdock Los Angeles C. F. Naylor Seattle L. L. Huxtable f% i< y Mfg. Dept. Tulsa L. Barnum 1 A* C. Wasserman p?- Baton Rouge Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration 5? ** Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing i'. Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 5 ANY a motorist feels something like Rip Van Winkle these davs when M he motors back through the towns and villages he knew as a bov. The old familiar roads, homes, stores, and even the people, seem to have changed. And the change is more than illusion. Hills that only a few years ago were gear-shifting steep now are gentle slopes, easy to take in high. Shabby, tumble-down farm houses scarcely are recognizable in modern trim and fresh paint. Main Street has blossomed with traffic lights. Mud and dust have been eliminated by improved high ways. The general store now is an emporium, with bustling clerks carrying armfuls of bags to waiting motor cars. Winter or summer, small-town business is brisk. One would think the country is becoming citified, or that folks are taking on busier wavs of life. There's been a change, all right, and it is not due entirely to ozone. One big factor in the transformation is what is known as the ``tourist business." Yet that is not the whole story, nor the sole factor. At the bottom of it all is the new travel habit of Americans, made possible bv low-cost motor cars and better fuels, and better roads. Also to be considered is the ending of isolation by giving the people a medium of travel which they own and which they use when, where and as they see fit. Because of its surprising extent, and results, the tremendous economicchange is most noticeable in the small towns which never before have had a chance. Before the coming of the automobile they were regarded as being insignificant on the business map. Travellers ignored them--no reason to go there. But today the motor car goes everywhere, and so the small town is on the through route at last--the through route which means business the yearround. For years economists have been studying the business fever chart in search of a formula which would level the peaks and fill the valleys repre senting good business and poor, high income and low. Nobody planned it that way, but the motor car has built a highway running right across the business chart like a mean carrying more than 52.500,000 spenders of money. Of course, it may have begun with the ``summer tourist." The pennies and dimes he left for a candv bar here, a stick of ^um there; the dollars he left at the corner filling station and the town's one restaurant, were a begin ning. Pretty soon the brief pause in the tour changed to an overnight stop, with more "foreign" money left in town. Then the idea of coming for the summer developed. And that led to brief winter visits for sports or rest. Continued on page 15 In This Issue The Automobile and the Small Town Students of Aeronautic School Visit Ethyl V.A.D.C. Carries on for Dominion Power and Speed Without Tetraethyl Lead New Co-op Tractor Establishment of Patent System Celebrated More Power for Farmers' Dollar America's Dairvland Bellingrath Gardens Crash Truck for Arniv Air Corps E. W. Webb Completes 15 Years Mr. Kettering Looks Over Baton Rouge Service Awards Newsbriefs Ethyl Wife Laments Lament ETC 22660 Students work on various types of engine and flight instruments in the school's completely equipped instalment department OS March 1st, 1940, four hun dred students from the Casev Jones School of Aeronautics visited the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation Clinic in Newark. These men are studying Aeronautical Engineering and airplane and engine mechanics work and. because of the practical tvpe of training that they receive, the Ethyl demonstration was of the utmost value. The demonstration of the value of various gasolines using Ethvl tied in verv closely with the shop and laboratory work that the students must study in school. These men spend from fourteen months to two years in preparing themselves for positions with the manufacturing companies, the pri vate airports and the airlines. The Aeronautical Engineers are quali fied upon graduation to design air planes and engines for the manufac turing companies, while the Master Mechanics are trained in service and inspection work. The school is the largest one of its kind in the world with an enroll ment of over 1,000 men. This in- KTUYI. .VE'S f41 ETC 22661 ;eive. if the .on of using h the it the :rteen luring .1 the ' Pri' . The jualin air.ufaclaster rvice of its iirollis in- K WS The engineering student, after studying mathematics through calculus, aerody namics, etc., is expected to design his own airplane as part of the curriculum eludes several hundred United States Army Air Corps students who are being trained by the school for the government. The United States Army is receiving so many hundreds of new airplanes that their own training facilities were inadequate to prepare on short notice the enor mous number of mechanics neces sary to keep these fleets in operation. The first part of the course deals with the elementary training in en gines and airplanes, and is followed by more advanced work in engine tests and overhaul of live Cyclones, Wasps, Whirlwinds and Hornets. The school, in addition to being a government approved school, is also an Approved Repair Station so that there is a steady procession of en gines and airplanes coming into school being overhauled by the stu dents and then going out to fly. Con siderable work is done in sheet metal such as cutting, bending, forming, rolling, riveting and heat treating. All students must be famil iar with the different types of pro pellers, ranging from the $25.00 wooden propeller to the large trans port controllable pitch propellers which cost about $4500.00 apiece. They must have a knowledge of the various accessories such as starters, carburetors, magnetos, and they must be able to overhaul and adjust the delicate flying instruments. Upon completion of this work, the mechanics are immediately eligible for their airplane and engine me chanics licenses and as soon as they pass the government examination are ready to take their places in the industry. The engineering students, after having received their training then go on into problems of design, mathematics through calculus, draft ing, stress analysis, aerodynamics, strength of materials, wind tunnel and structural tests. The course is exceptionally difficult and only stu dents who have a good background from high school and who are able to maintain a high average of work in the school are permitted to stay. [5] ETC 22662 * V.A.D.C. Carries on for the Dominion etermined to fit themselves D for an active role in the War, 400 Canadian girls in eight cities are undergoing training in the Volun teer Auxiliary Drivers' Corps under the direction of General Motors of Tire trouble, the commonest mishap, finds many women helpless. Not so with this Volunteer Corps member. Off comes the tire, out comes the tube and Miss "Windsor" goes to work. Canada and its dealers. The course- is designed to instruct women in elementary automotive mechanics and roadside repairs and to help prepare them for voluntary service as war time military chauf feurs and ambulance drivers. Classes of girls, many of them from socially prominent families, are in various stages of training in Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal, Que bec, Windsor, London, Sarnia and Bradford. Organization of the Corps is planned in other cities throughout the Dominion in the near future. The trained instructors, who in clude service experts, report that The electrical part of an engine comes in for some close scrutiny as the mad dening mystery of the dead motor is solved for these Toronto girls. Next time they will know how to track down the trouble. (Photo by Ronny Jaques) their pupils are tremendously keen and conscientious in their work. In terest is equally intense among the English-speaking and French-speaking girls and special classes for the latter group are held in Montreal and Quebec. The Volunteer Auxiliary Drivers Corps is, however, in no sense a government or military undertaking r VJ'lTI o ETHYL NEWS [6] ETC 22663 laques) keen rk. Inlg the .peakor the ntreal EWS mMu. ghd no person obligates herself to nake any use of the knowledge and -experience thus acquired. It is not fthe purpose of the course to enroll |jecruits for the army or allied serv- Tifices but merely to give a group of f -^Canadian girls such training as will i ?make them more acceptable to the ' ^military authorities in the event that I *need for women chauffeurs or am bulance drivers may arise. | The courses are run in two sec| f^tions--theoretical training and prac- -tical training. When the students j-^khave mastered the fundamental t ^principles of the internal combusi^tion engine and functions of the va- ~|Lrious parts, they don attractive over fall-uniforms, which become their sv'own property, and undergo instrucytion in servicing those parts of a "-"motor which army regulations desiginnate as "roadside emergency re pairs." ! The lectures and practical classes | -gpire in all cases held in General ^gflMotors dealers' headquarters where ^ffin the practical session the personIpKnel of the dealer service depart- ments co-operate with the lecturers P, J|in demonstrating and teaching the Rkactual mechanical work. The Voluntary Auxiliary Drivers' Corps has been organized and conducted primarily in the cause of '.yppreparedness among Canada's civilian population. Until quite recently j% the enterprise has been carried on ;3.withut the knowledge of the gen'.v eral public and it was only when newspaper reporter by chance ** -^ed a dealers place while a class was in session, that it became pub licized. The promoters of the plan feel 1 that even though no great military value may accrue from the underl * taking, any efforts on their part will f he fully repaid if, as a result of the ^training, drivers will become more > ^skilled and careful, either in the ^handling of army vehicles or their sj -i;0Wn ears. Thus the V.A.D.C. should ' become a definite and valuable con tribution to the cause of public Photos courtesy "Mayfair" Putting in a spark plug is not such a formidable task as these girls discover in their Volunteer Auxiliary Drivers' Corps Class in Toronto. While one performs the operation others give close attention for this is serious business. (Photo by Ronny laques) Here is a group of Windsor girls hard at work under a raised car. As one wields the grease gun another adjusts brakes and the third loosens the oil pan. No part of the car is overlooked. This, fair member of the V.A.D.C. crawls under in order to better tighten the spring bolts. ETC 22664 Power and Speed Without Tetraethyl Lead X Saturday, May 4th, at Louis --"tuned-up to peak performance." O ville, Kv,, the sons and daugh- Every entry must be a thoroughbred / ters of Herod, Matchem and Ecliwpsheich means one who can trace his \| again went through their paces at ancestry back to one of three horses: ; Churchill Downs, marking the sixtv- Herod, Matchem or Eclipse. These ' sixth annual running of the Ken- three were foaled in 1758, 1748 and , tucky Derby, stellar event in Amer- 1764 respectively. And thereby j ica of the "Sport of Kings." From hangs the tale of early attempts at I the starting barrier the thorough breeding fast horse flesh. King breds run one mile and a quarter Henry I of England (1100-1135) against the world's best and that bred an imported Arabian stallion, equine aristocrat who can first known to be swift, to the biggest of stretch his nose past the finish post, his slower and more powerful Eng wins the stake money and the lish mares. It was noted that the i $53,500 share of the $75,000 added foals of such matings inherited { money--sufficient incentive for each swiftness from the sire and durabil ! three-vear-old to do his utmost, ity from the dam. But in the eight j Each entrant won the privilege of eenth century in England, breeders runn ing by birthright and through the were striving for faster foals, and most careful and intensive training finally came to the conclusion that The Derby's top horse in 1939. Johnstown with jockey J. Stout. // while the pure Arabian, Barb and Turkish horses had less durability than those crossed with the old Eng lish stock, their infinitely greater speed made them the truly desira ble horses for racing. So it was de termined to found a distinct breed by using mares imported direct from three different stallions; Bverly s Turk, Darley's Arabian and Godolphin's Arabian, which strain had been decided upon after thorough investigation. However, at that time these three stallions were not living and a selection was made of the ETHYL iVEW'Si [8] ETC 22665 & rb and rabilitv id Enggreater desiravas de breed etfrom iverlv's Godolin had orough at time t living of the 'S "1939 Derby Parade. Johnstown the f winner is sixth horse in line. most outstanding of their direct male descendants, Herod, Matchem ; g-and Eclipse. From these, then ...springs our line of thoroughbred ..horses as we know them today. The ^-.|present day American horses of the i^Fair Play line trace back to Matchi '?em; the Lexington strain to the Herod family and the Ben Brush .and Domino groups are descendants ' of Eclipse. But, regardless of group ^;dr present day strain, all contestants .h in the running of the Derby are di rect descendants of one of the three. We would not be telling the com plete story unless we added that many of the contestants are those bom and bred in the bluegrass coun try around Lexington, Kentucky, not over seventy-five miles from the scene of the Derby. Today in that section one can look upon such won der horses as Man o'VVar, Burgoo King, Discovery, Omaha and Johns town, not to mention countless others, who have or will send sons and daughters seeking new laurels. Copyright by Caufield & Shook The first Kentucky Derby was ran in 1875 and won by Aristides and has been run each year ever since. The Derby, together with two other Churchill Downs events, the Ken tucky Oaks and the Clark Stakes, were all first run in 1875, and were established by Col. M. Lewis Clark in duplication of the English (Ep som ) Derby, the Epsom Oaks, and the St. Leger Stakes in England. The list of winners reads like a hall of fame' for the horse world. While many fillies have run there has been ETC 22666 only one to cross the line a winner. That was in 1915 when the honors went to Regret. The mutuel handle on Derby Day at Churchill Downs has served as a barometer of business conditions in the L'.S.A. through many years. When the total wagered went up, prosperous business conditions fol lowed and when it has fallen, a slump in business has taken place. The peak in wagering was in 1926. But in 1927, 1928 and 1929, when the stock market was boiling, the Derby handle on wagering lowered steadily to predict trouble ahead. This drop was gradual from $2,096,613 in 1926 to $1,790,670 in 1929. The total wager continued to fall up to and including 1933. Since that time, excepting a slight decrease in 1938 over 1937, there has been a steady gain with 1939 figures reach ing $1,674,599 as compared to $745,603 wagered in 1933. Our readers >Ji Burgoo King, E. James up. 1932 Derby winner. The great War Admiral at the hour of his triumph in 1937. C. Kurtsinger up. may draw their own conclusions from these statistics. Churchill Downs is generally re garded as one of the safest courses in America. According to Mr. Thomas Young, superintendent, horses break down on exceptionally fast tracks because to be fast, a track must be hard, and the hard track is one with little fertilizer con tent. Each fall the Churchill Downs oval is covered with a mixture of manure and decayed fruits and vegetables. Then in the spring when the track is worked over it is soft and spongy like a well cared for gar den patch. In 1877 so many Amer ican track records were smashed by horses campaigning at Churchill Downs that it was suggested that it might be "short." Official taping dis closed that the circuit was one mile and seventeen inches. KT/IU Y E W * f IO ] ETC 22667 New Co-op Tractor Makes Its Bow r >erhj iions v reirses Mr. .lent, ually st, a hard coniwns re of and vhen soft gar.inerdbv chill lat it 4 disinile ns gThe cultivator has been especially designed for the tractor and is operated by a hydraulic lift. Other implements, harrows, discs and plows are in various stages of development. vjfA. NEW piece of farm equipment i_made its initial appearance be- More the Directors of the National H Cooperatives in Chicago late in March. It is a small light tractor which the Co-ops will start manufacturing at -P'once and it is planned to assemble ,:.the unit in Indianapolis. As will be ...: noted, the lines are very pleasing ' and there is ample vision for field work. The construction is unique in that -= it is designed to be shipped knocked down and the assembly can be made with relatively little labor. The idea i_ behind this feature is that as many " of the National Cooperatives are lo cated at a considerable distance from Indianapolis, there will be sufficient saving in freight rates by shipping . in this manner to more than offset assembly costs at the point of desti nation. The Co-op Tractor is powered -- with a 201 inch Chrysler Industrial Engine with a standard compression ratio of 6.7 to 1. The transmission and rear end assemblies are made ' with the same mechanical perfec tion and quality as are to be found . in the automobile and have been selected to operate with the highest efficiency with a variable speed en. gine. Working speeds of from 2.2 to 7.43 miles per hour can be main tained with engine speeds of from 1200 to 1800 revolutions per minute and road speeds of from 12 to 18 miles. The transmission unit is the first to be designed to take full ad vantage of the potentialities of a variable speed engine with a flat torque curve. Through the entire The lines of the new Co-op tractor, which will be on the market in a few months, are very pleasing. As may be noted there is ample vision for field work. range of working speeds the torque varies but 5 ft. pounds. It is claimed, this results in a smooth, even power throughout the various gears, not obtainable in any other tractor. Still another feature is the culti vator which has been especially de signed for the tractor and is oper ated by a hydraulic lift. The pump for the lift is driven by a belt which runs on a shrive immediately ahead of the transmission. The location of the power take-off for the hydraulic pump permits the operation of the lift when the engine is running. Other implements, such as har rows, discs and plows are in various stages of development and will be available with the tractor, which will be placed on the market some time this summer or fall. The price has not yet been an nounced but it will compare favor ably with that of competitve tractors with relative ability. Members of the National Co operatives cover 21 states and Can ada with a membership of approxi mately 1,200,000. Once more the Organization has taken a forward step in supplying the farmer with a type of equipment that will do the work economically, speedily and efficiently, with a minimum of labor on the part of the operator. WAy 1940 *.' [ II ] ETC 22668 Establishment of American Patent System Celebrated By Presidential Proclamation T HE American Patent Svstem which protects the labor of the inventor working away to find wavs of making life happier was honored on April 10th, the Sesquicentennial of George Washington signing the first Patent law. As 1,200 inventors, scientists, and industrialists gathered at the Inven tors' Dinner in Washington that eve ning, eleven beautiful models parti cipated in the "Parade Of The In dustries" pageant. "Madame Pat ents," swathed in a gown made of facsimiles of patents, led the parade. Ten models followed, each dressed in a gown symbolical of a great American industry, accounting ma chines, photography, communica tions, chemistry, automotive, rub ber, foods, aviation, publishing, and metals. Dr. Charles F. Kettering was toastmaster. The President's procla mation setting aside April 10th as Inventors' Day was read bv Senator Homer T. Bone, chairman of the Senate Committee on Patents. Ad dresses were given by Edward J. Noble, Under-Secretarv of Com merce, and Conway P. Coe, U.S. Commissioner of Patents. Notable inventions were drama tized during the half-hour radio pro gram over the National Broadcast ing Company's Blue network depict ing George Washington and Thomas Jefferson at the signing of the first U. S. Patent law in 1790. The National Committee of the Sesquicentennial celebration re viewed patents issued during the1 2 1 "Miss Automotive" Industry, a li cense number stenciled on a peplum, a belt inset with dashboard dials, and a hat made of a steering wheel topped with a radiator cap. 2 Air routes were outlined on the gown of "Miss Aviation." Names of air lines, call letters and insignia were on the cape, and silver tvings deco rated the shoulders and hat. ETUYL V E * [ 12 1 ETC 22669 a Uplum. dials, wheel 3A snappy costume worn by "Miss Rubber." The skirt was covered with J*L blue rubber bands, 9,000 of them: the hat was a rubber tire and the necHace and girdle were of rubber tubing. "Miss Metal" wore a costume of paper, simulating various metals. A smoke screen came out of the re tort on the headgear of "Miss Chem istry." The jacket was covered with test tubes, and the skirt with chem ical formulae and apparatus. Adding machine tape was on the skirt, and typewriter and adding machine keys were on the bodice and hat of "Miss Accounting Ma chines." ETC 22670 v past 150 years and selected 19 as "outstanding great inventions," and 40 as "inventions of out standing merit." The nineteen honored great in ventions were the air brake, airplane, production of aluminum, the cotton gin, incandescent lamp, induction motor, linotype, motion picture projec tor, oil cracking, phonograph, reaper, sewing ma chine, steamboat, telegraph, telephone, thermo setting plastics, three electrode vacuum tube, typewriter and vulcanization of rubber. Ethyl Gasoline Corporation officials active in the patent law celebration were Thomas Midgley, Jr., chairman of the executive committee and Ralph C. Champlin, chairman of the publicity committee. Dr. Kettering, in charge of research that lead to the discovery of tetraethyl lead, was chairman of the national committee. In honor of the celebration a panoramic tone poem was arranged and recorded by Andre Kostelanetz, conductor of the orchestra on Ethyl's radio program, "Tune-Up Time." Dr. Kettering's address, "Looking Forward," was recorded on the reverse side. 7 "Miss Foods" was encircled by vegetables, under a hat of spaghetti. ! ft fl "Miss Communications" had a hat of radio tubes, a necklace of telephone dials, a bodice of tele grams, with telegraph poles painted on the skirt. !> Pages from newspapers, magazines, and books comprised the skirt of "Miss Publishing" while playing cards made up the hat. ETIIYISEWS [ 14 1 ETC 22671 More Power for Farmer's Dollar HE year 1939 was a notable one for the farm machinery indus try and the farmer. It saw a continu ance and acceleration of the trend toward mechanized farming--more i- ' tractors, corn pickers, combines and other labor saving machinery." This was the opinion expressed by Mr. J. J. Frey of Ethyl Gasoline Corpora tion's Detroit Engineering Laboratory to a group of tractor men meet-- ing recently in Kansas City. "But .. perhaps the most significant of all," ,1- he continued, "was the fact that the small tractor and the high compres2>sion engine became firmly estab lished in the nation's farm economy. For a little more than the price of a v.-r pair of good draft horses, a farmer can now buy a tractor that will do the work of from four to six horses. "It would be convenient to say that the tractor was simply keeping abreast of the automobile as the two jp marched down the road of progress, If but such was not the case. By 1935 H the tractor was approximately 10 years behind the automobile in effife ciency and fuel economy. The rea- pf'sons for this state of affairs were numerous but no longer particularly ^ important. The important thing is . that early in 1936 there came a turn ip "S point--the first high compression tractor was put on the market. This marks the beginning of a new era in tractor efficiency. The new type trac tor was an instantaneous success. ' One manufacturer after another adopted the high compression prin ciple until now, after four short _% years, every major company is launching a line of high compres sion tractors designed to take advan tage of the power and economy that have been available in good gaso line for a number of years. "The development of the small tractor is closely allied with the high compression engine. Some of the really efficient small tractors could not have been built had it not been for the availability of high compres sion engines and good gasolines. It is impossible for a tractor manufac turer to build a low compression en gine of equal size that will deliver anything like the same amount of power. And power is what the farmer is buying. Cost per horse power is an important item. "Automotive engineers should get some of the credit for the modern tractor; first, because the high com pression principle was developed by them; and second, because the pre cision engineering of the automobile industry furnished the inspiration for many of the improvements that have taken place on the tractor dur ing the last two years. For example, the rating at the drawbar and at the belt. Not so long ago a farmer was lucky to get half as much power on the drawbar as he did on the belt. Now the rating is almost equal. Why? Better and more efficient gears, better transmissions, better rear axles and, of course, rubber tires. "Unit for unit the farmer uses the same petroleum products in the modern tractor that he uses in his car--the same good gasoline, the same crankcase oil, the same lubri cants. The new tractors use pounds of lubricating greases now where they formerly required gallons. Crankcase capacities are smaller be cause the dilution problem has been removed. Radiator capacity has de creased sharply--three to four gal lons as compared to 12 and 15 in the older types. Nowadays it is possible to get anti-freeze protection without borrowing money from the bank. "But standing head and shoulders above even all these important econ omies is the reduction in the cost per horsepower. Four years ago most two-plow tractors sold for over 81,000 on steel wheels or for more than $50 and $60 per horsepower. Today high compression two-plow tractors on rubber, are available for several hundred dollars less, at a cost as low as $25 per horsepower. However, there is still considerable room for improvement. Among wellknown tractors now on the market, ccst per horsepower still ranges from less than $25 to more than 850. This gap will almost certainly close as time goes on. The fanner Ls buy ing power, wants power and is will ing to pay for power--but he is not for long going to pay twice as much per horsepower as is necessary. "The net result of these vast im provements in efficiency in the mod ern tractor is lower first cost, lower operating costs, lower maintenance costs. The farmer has shown his ap proval by buying as many tractors in the last three years as he had in the previous ten. There are now ap proximately 1,650,000 tractors on American farms. I predict that by the end of 1945 that number will more than double." Auto and Small Town Continued from page 3 Whatever may have been the cause of it all is significant beside the fact that the average highway traveller appears to distribute about $6 a day when he travels, just on va cation. Multiply $6 by 52,500,000 es timated highway travellers, and the total is something the economist has to take into account. Researchers estimate that in 1939 vacation motor travel expenditures rolled a $6 snowball into a $5,000,000,000 business. They figure a bil lion for sleeping accommodations; another billion, plus, for meals; and still another billion for servicing of the car. Postcards, souvenirs and camping supplies added up to a bil lion and a quarter. Amusements, such as movies, golf, swimming and other sports, drew some $400,000,000 out of travel pockets. Hot dogs and soft drinks together produced in nickels the tidy sum of around $300,000,000. It all adds up to put ting the small town on the map. ETC 22672 Stirring Limburger curd at a Wisconsin Limberburger cheese factory. N a silent but effective way Wis aroused many times at the words, idea came up for consideration and I consin is telling the world this "America's Dairyland," which ap year that the nation's greatest dairy pear on every automobile license final vote. The slogan is a "natural." The fact i. region lies within its boundaries. plate issued in Wisconsin. The legis that Wisconsin is the dairyland of As automobiles driven by Badger State citizens go zooming over the length and breadth of the continent lature, however, had a clear-cut rea son for trying this unique method of impressing an idea upon millions of America is noticeable to anyone traveling anywhere throughout its 71 counties. But here are a few facts A : i, they flash a message of the state's people. "As dairying goes, so goes which the state Department of Agri dairy fame to the world at large. Wisconsin" was the thought they culture has issued to help make the Possibly your curiosity has been had in mind when this new sales picture even clearer. \u ETHYL XEWS [ 16 ] ETC 22673 More than one billion pounds of t Jairy products valued at nearly 178 million dollars are manufactured '?" there each year. These products are made out of a total annual milk V production exceeding Ills billion % pounds and accounts for 50 per cent fof the state's gross farm income. Wisconsin has about 2,000 cheese factories which produce half of all the cheese made in the United States or a total of well over 324 million pounds. The principal varieties are American (Cheddar), Swiss, Lim- ^ burger, Brick, Munster, Italian and cream cheese. rjf.'' In 500 creameries are produced vjr approximately 175,695,000 pounds of butter annually or about 11 per cent of the nation's total, giving the Pi- state third rank in national produc tion. Si Twenty-eight per cent of all the r\, condensery products manufactured in the United States are made in Wisconsin's 75 evaporated milk plants. Hie state produces 33 per fa cent of the nation's unsweetened r,condensed and evaporated milk. Lifting curd which is then placed in a hoop on a draining table to be pressed in the form of a drum of Swiss cheese. nearly 13 per cent of the national nation's powdered skim and whole output of sweetened condensed milk. whole milk, and 24/2 per cent of the With a production of 86 per cent of the nation's total, enough malted milk is produced each year to take care of almost the entire national demand. Ice cream forms another good rea son why the appellation, "America's Dairyland," becomes the Badger State. In 450 ice cream establish ments,Wisconsin manufactures three and one third per cent of the na tion's output of that delicious prod uct. Relatively, the dairy industry is much more important to Wisconsin agriculture than it is to the United States as a whole. While milk ac counts for 50 per cent of the Wis and consin gross farm income it accounts for only about 20 per cent of the en tire nation's gross farm income. Wisconsin now' has the highest cattle population in the state's his tory, a total of 3,406,000 head and the number of milk cows is esti mated at 2,223,000 head. a Washing a 200-pound wheel of Swiss cheese at a Monroe, Wis., Swiss cheese J/ K4' factory. ' For Ethyl News by B. II. Leicht, Wisconsin Dept, of Agriculture *AV 194 0 c 17 3 ETC 22674 l against the revealing background of th southern forests, others reflected in the dark, smooth surface of Mirror Lake or bordering a winding, wood sy trail under great trees dripping with Spanish Moss. Though the general plan is mostlv informal there is the Plaza, or for th' kn tic th' ov ric eq At no time in the year could thin mecca for garden lovers disappoint any searcher of beauty. mal garden, near the beautiful Bel lingrath home. Here sunlight and shadow, great sweeping vistas and awe-inspiring close-ups are perfect .foils. One pauses in silence under the giant Bellingrath Oak, venerable relic of a primeval forest. Here, also, across a vast expanse of Bluegrass. one views the huge Azalea bush, "Major Bowes," named for the gen tleman of the spinning wheel, who dedicated two radio programs to Iir an les po lai hy de fei bo Bellingratli Gardens these beautiful gardens. For all their indescribable bcautv. however, the Azaleas have a worthy Charm Spot of the Deep South rival in the exotic Camellias. The real joy of southern horticulturists, ti t\JLTAY down South--indeed, 22 tings from his grandparents' gardens these fragile looking, rose-like flow Y V miles further south than Mo in Toulouse, France, and set them ers are in fact quite hardy. Even this bile, most southern of all the South's out in his own Mobile garden in winter's unprecedented hard freeze, dreamy, pleasant cities--lies a pecu- 1754. For time has only enhanced killing blossoms already in bloom, liary spell-binding spot. That is, if their luxuriant growth in a climate was promptly forgotten as soon as one can call 100 fertile acres sprawled so perfectly adapted to every blos the sun was again in its heaven and along the lazy Fowl River, a "spot." soming flower and shrub on earth, all right with the temperature. In But that's the title unanimously be that those original cuttings have stowed upon Bellingrath Gardens-- multiplied a millionfold into Mo the Charm Spot of the Deep South-- bile's famed Azalea Trail. But no a land lavishly endowed by nature where else along the entire Trail and adroitly coaxed by expert land may the magnificent array of tril scaping into the fullest blossoming lions of blossoms be seen in such beauty at every season of the year. profusion as at Bellingrath Gardens. H Some 20 odd years ago Mr. and And this astounding metamorphosis Mrs. Walter D. Bellingrath bought has taken place within ten years for this then wild, semi-tropical acreage in 1929 it was a secluded fishing as a fishing camp and built an infor camp and now it is one of the mal lodge on the bluff above the world's most breath-taking beauty river. For almost ten years this lush spots. jungleland remained largely in its At no time of the year could this natural state, as it had been for the mecca for garden lovers disappoint centuries before--ever since the in any searcher of Beauty. Each chang trepid French colony, under the ing season presents its own unfor leadership of Bienville, founded gettable vistas. The most vivid im Mobile in 1711. agination could not conjure up the Little did Fifise Langloise, one of riotous flowering of these Gardens the original French Settlers, realize the permanency of his gift to Mobile when he brought back Azalea cut in the spring. Great masses of Aza leas at every turn (there are over 100,000 Azalea bushes); some posed Great masses of azaleas border a mind ing trail under the trees festooned with graceful Spanish Moss. ETHYL [ 18] ETC 22675 -indwith ' the more than 2,000 specimens of these lovely flowers is found every known shading in the amazing varia tions of their formations. Some of the largest known Camellia bushes, over a century old, reach a symmet rical height of 16 feet with an almost equal diameter. Although the leading roles in Bellingrath Gardens' pageant of beauty are undoubtedly played by the Aza leas and Camellias, there is a sup porting cast of vast proportions-- laurels, gardenias, crepe-myrtle, hydrangeas, altheas, wisteria, olean ders, magnolias, boxwood hedges, ferns, pansies, trumpet vine, bam boo, and many others, all carefully This extravagant panorama is built around the Bellingrath home whose architec ture is reminiscent of the best Spanish-French traditions. Each changing season presents its own unforgettable vistas under trees dripping with Spanish Moss. handiwork in one spot, is indeed the rarest of privileges. Ethyl plays rather an important part amidst all this rare beauty for at the entrance to the Bellingrath Gardens is an impressive new Stand ard Oil station, the pride of Mr. Frank (Coal Oil) Jones, Mobiles alert SOKY agent. Mr. Bellingrath, who promises to Azalea-ize the fill ing station's grounds, was converted to Ethyl over a year ago when the Clinic was in Mobile. He not only maintains his private cars but also a fleet for the upkeep of his Gardens. Besides this he operates a fleet of Mobile Coca-Cola cars. posed in seemingly careless prodi gality before the natural backdrop of Southern forests, festooned with the graceful gray Spanish Moss. All this extravagant panorama is built around the lovely Bellingrath home, whose architecture is remi niscent of the best Spanish-French traditions--secluded court, arched cloisters, old handmade brick, frag ile iron lacework grills, transplanted from famous mansions of Mobile's former days. A view of the incalcu lable treasures of furniture inside the house, fruits of a world-wide search, sends the antique-lover away in a daze. To see such superb results of man's and Nature's joint One pauses in silence under the giant Bellingrath oak, venerable relic of a prime val forest. 1940 [ l9 ) ETC 22676 the conventional manner to the trac tor to transport the disabled ship t0 the nearest repair depot. The tractor is powered with Her cules 6 cylinder dual ignition HXD motor, developing 198 horsepower. The transmission has five speeds for ward and one in reverse in two ranges, giving a total of ten speeds forward and two in reverse. The tractors are six wheel drive and are equipped with ten 10/50/22 tires. Consideration has been given to the comfort of the operating crews. The seats are made of air foam rubber and there are two sets of shock ab New Crash Trucks for Army Air Corps sorbers on the front end. In addition to the electric starter on the motor, OCATED in Henderson, North is placed alongside of the disabled Lj Carolina, far from the usual ship. When unhitched from the trac production area of automotive tor, the dolly is placed under the equipment, is The Corbitt Com front end of the trailer, making it pany. This organization has been in the independent unit. The tractor is existence nearly fifty years, the first then driven around to the side and part of its life being devoted to the with its crane and hydraulic jack, building of wagons and carriages. lifts the plane on to the trailer. If Thirty years ago The Corbitt Com necessary, the tractor can be driven pany began to build trucks and have to hard ground, anchored and the been in this business ever since and trailer pulled to it by means of the for the past ten years they have also winches with which the tractor is built trailers. A production line as fitted. The trauiler is then coupled in., an Eclipse hand driven inertia start er, of the same type as used on air craft, is provided. Another unusual feature is the viscosity gauge for oil located on the instrument paneL The ignition system is of the 12 volt type and an auxiliary generator is mounted in the rear of the cab to operate the flood lights for as long as a week if necessary. The tractor is also provided with a crane. The total weight of the tractor is ap proximatehly 23,000 lbs. sembly is not maintained, but rather custom units are assembled to suit the users' need. al* v An example of this is the crash truck being built for the Air Corps of the United States Army. These units are to be used in salvaging air craft that have had to make forced landings on ground from which they are unable to take-off or have had the misfortune to crash. It is be lieved that these are the largest units of this type in the world, the trailer being 55 feet in length, with a capa city of 15 tons. The trailer has many unusual features. When en route it is the conventional semi-unit, but when the scene of operation is reached, it is quickly converted into an independent unit by the attach ment of front wheels and dollys. When necessary to use this unit the truck and trailer are driven to the scene of the accident and the trailer The largest shipment of Ford tractors yet delivered to any single distributor rolled , into Fargo, North Dakota, March 14th. There were ten units in each car of the forty-one car train. Still another record was probably set up, in that every tractor was sold before it reached Unit Tractor and Equipment Company of Fargo, who are the Ford distributors in the territory. Spring snow and rains, such as the Dakotas have not had in years, marked the arrival of the new equipment and, according to Mr. Tom Mackey, General Manager of Unit Tractor and Equipment Company, this early moisture should insure every Dakota farmer some excellent crops for the coming season. ETHYL KBWS [ 20 ] S- \ 'fe=' 5 Fit ETC 22677 Earle W. Webb Completes Fifteen Years As President N April 21st, 1940, Earle W. O Webb completed fifteen years' continuous sendee as President of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation. However, he has been connected with the organization and its prede cessor company covering a period of about seventeen years. At the time of the formation of the I* General Motors Chemical Com pany, Mr. Webb was named one of its directors. This was in April 1923, and he continued to serve in that capacity until August 1924, at which I'- time the company was dissolved and k the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation came into being. His connection with the present Corporation began I in April 1925, at which time he be i came President. Mr. Webb was born at Morehead City, X. C.. and his early years were spent there, but upon completion of his preparatory school education, he entered Trinity College at Durham. N. C. (now Duke University), of which he is a Trustee. At the begin ning of his senior year, he trans ferred to the University of Michigan from which he graduated. Upon completion of his studies at Michi gan, he came to New York Citv where he attended law school and was admitted to the New York Bar. For the next fifteen years he prac ticed law in the Citv, serving as at torney for several large corpora tions. In 1922 Mr. Webb was appointed General Attorney of General Motors Corporation in charge of its Detroit office and it was during this period that he became associated with the General Motors Chemical Companv. Mr. Kettering Looks Over Baton Rouge Operations erations (du Pont); W. G. ^lundin- e_., Ethyl Gasoline Corporation's Louisiana representative; J. A. CoS^ tello. Mgr. Ethyl Gasoline Corpora tion's Atlanta Div.; A. P. Stover, ^ Asst. Genl. Mgr. E.G.C. Manufac turing Dept.; W. J. Rvan,'/Ethyl Gasoline Corporation's representa tive with Parade of Progress. AST March, when Mr. Charles F. 1J Kettering was on his way from Florida to Detroit, he returned by way of New Orleans and his arrival there was coincidental with the opening of the General Motors Parade of Progress. Thus, an oppor- i:. was afforded those attending Sr' a dinner and a meeting which fol lowed, sponsored by General Motors distributors and their families in New Orleans, to hear Mr. Kettering. About twenty were in attendance at the dinner and a thousand at the The Following Service Awards have been made as of May 1st, 1940 later gathering. The following day he visited Ethyl Gasoline's Manu facturing plant at Baton Rouge. The accompanying picture shows Mr. Kettering with a group of Ethyl rep resentatives and others connected with the Baton Rouge operations. From left: ^C. W. Bond, Mgr. Ethyl Chloride; C. V. Porter of Baton Rouge; William Ross, Mgr.. Sodium Operations (du Pont); Le\V Barnum, Div. Mgr. T.E.L, Plant, Baton Rouge; C. F. Kettering; H. H. Fisher, Mgr. Tetraethyl Lead Op- 15 YEARS Earle W. Webb Administration 10 YEARS "Elizabeth Medlin Sales, Tulsa Edwin- C. Paige Sales, New York Louis W. Shank Sales, Tulsa Emory F. Steenstry Gas. Testing Kansas City 5 YEARS Irene Owens Sales, Dayton Arthur H. Stahlhebeh Engineering, San Bernardino "Through error, published in April as Five Years May i9io [1 ETC 22678 li !' John V. Capinjola, On Monday, March 25th at 1:15 p.m., a Harold Cooper, a a newcomer to the new member of the William Ball family newcomer to the Detroit Chemical arrived and has been called Nancy Lois. Accounting De Research Labora Miss Nancy was bom at the New Rochelle partment (Payroll tory is a graduate Hospital. New Rochelle, N. Y., and Section), was born of Pennsylvania State College u here he received weighed 7 pounds and 15 ounces at birth. Our hearty congratulations to Bill and Mrs. Ball on the arrival of their first-bom. in Clinton, Mass. He attended schools in Wor !i his M.S. degree in 1939. Before com OOO cester and Springfield, Mass., and ing to Ethyl he Anna Jean Kreg and James A. Henderson graduated from was with the Gulf Oil Corporation, Port Arthur, Texas. John's favorite outdoor sports are base ball and tennis. oO O Mr. and Mrs. Arnold Larges of Detroit, announce the arrival of Master Frederick '\^Amold on March 23rd. His birth weight is recorded as 7 lbs. 11 ozs. Our hearty con are receiving congratulations on dieir mar riage which took place March 15th. They spent their honeymoon in Florida. Mrs. Henderson is a secretary at the new Eight Mile Road Research Laboratory in Detroit. ooo Rider College \where he received a degree in Account ancy. Prior to joining the Ethyl family, Harold was associated with Loomis, Suiferu and Femald, Certified Public Accountants. He was also employed by the Johns-Manville Corp. His hobbies are music, amateur radio and gardening. /* J gratulations to the Larges family. The OOo proud father of this husky young boy is a member of our Research Laboratory. On Friday, March 30th, a group of bowlers from the Graybar Building offices met and were decisively defeated by a contingent representing the Deepwater Manufactur The Tulsa Division is happy to announce ing Plant. The outcome was quite unex the newest addition to its Sales Depart ment. Louis Warren Shank, Jr., six pounds and four ounces, was bom at 11:30 P.M. on March 27th. Mrs. Shank is reported to These little twins, Kathleen Elliott and Sharon Lee (7 mos. old), show great inter est as their father, Mel Olson, tractor engi pected notwithstanding the fact that the New York boys were out of training. How ever, they are now looking forward to meeting the same representatives at Wil be doing well and bulletins on the condi neer for the Chicago Division, rehearses' mington, Delaware, next month and an tion of the father will follow. his Farm Presentation to them. ticipate a close match. ooo oe o VIA WESTERN UNION APRIL 25TH, 1940 GEORGE KRIEGER INVADES MATRIMONY THE GOOD CITIZENS OF THE EASTERN SEABOARD SLUMBERED PEACEFULLY UNDER A WANING MOON IN THE GRAYING DAWN OF AN EARLY, EXTREMELY EARLY, SPRING N- MORNING. SUDDENLY A TELEPHONE JANGLED HARSHLY IN THE SILENCE BY THE BEDSIDE OF JACK GREGORY OF THE TEXAS COMPANY. "LOS ANGELES CALLING, MR. GREGORY", CAME THE VOICE OF THE OPERATOR, THEN SUDDENLY CAME THE INCREDIBLE NEWS. FALLING ON THE UNBELIEVING EARS CAME AN INCOHERENT STORY - GEORGE KRIEGER HAD ISSUED AN ULTIMATUM - AT 10 A.M. THE FOLLOW ING MORNING (TUES. APRIL 23RD) GEORGE'S BLITZKRIEG OF THE STATE OF MATRIMONY WOULD COMMENCE. INFORMATION WAS INCOMPLETE - DETAILS WERE LACKING - BUT THE STARK FACTS REMAINED - GEORGE WAS GETTING MARRIED. LATER CAME CONFIRMATION BY MAIL. JULIAN FREY, THE DETROIT AMBASSADOR TO THE WEST COAST, CONFIRMED THE NEWS. THE WORD SPREAD LIKE WILD FIRE. MEMBERS OF THE DETROIT LABORATORY, NEW YORK OFFICE, DIVISION OFFICES MOVED ABOUT IN A DAZE. IT WAS ALL TRUE - GEORGE WAS GETTING MARRIED. THE BRIDE, BEFORE HER MARRIAGE, WAS MISS RUTH ADAMS OF KENTUCKY, WHO FOR THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS HAS MADE HER HOME IN BEVERLY HILLS, CALI FORNIA. RUTH IS AN ACCOMPLISHED MUSICIAN, PLAYING BOTH THE VIOLIN AND PIANO AND HAS TRAVELED ABROAD EXTENSIVELY COMPLETING HER MUSICAL EDUCATION. FOR SEVERAL YEARS SHE HAS TAUGHT MUSIC IN VARIOUS COLLEGES. ON BEHALF OF GEORGE'S INNUMERABLE FRIENDS BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE OF THE ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION, WE EXTEND OUR HEARTIEST CONGRATULATIONS TO THE BRIDE AND GROOM. DETROIT CORRESPONDENT ETHYL SEWS [ -2 ] ETC 22679 * Ethyl Wife Laments (?) Lament You used to type, and phone, and write. And work at home; and every night The house looked like a Finnish flight. Our rented furniture you piled With engine parts, stuff to be filed, And heaps of things that drove me wild. Each time I tripped and fell about Among your things. I'd wail and pout; The fracas finally wore you out. You got an "office," much too small-- Not twenty dinky feet in all. Hung Hedy's picture on the wall. It's neat here now. But I long for The sight of every bidging drawer. Your files, the carbons on the floor. And when my friends drop in to tea. They scan the place inquiringly, Quite lost without all your debris. I feel quite shaken with remorse To have transplanted you by force; It almost seems like a divorce. Please, dear, forgive my stern attack Of former days, the grace I lack-- But--don't consider moving back. See"Larnent of an Ethyl Wife"--March "News' 1939. ETC 22680 '. v 3^2' ^^#r *$ X '*& 1 - V. -'5.',,;. '^1 r'A * `i^V- ,t*x ^ P5SsSEgatlsi^3Sife Kv-cACi**^.. K y&X - X -Xs^xX-. fi %-S<fp: *= .: Trouble is, we need more power You can't touch any phase of aviation without finding search engineers of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation. -.11 yourself faced with the problem of power . . . and more Files of data have already been secured. Some of power. Whether you are building a model or a main- this information is useful today. A great deal more will lil liner, the more power you have, the farther and faster become increasingly valuable in the not too distant die'll fly. future. For it is this program of continuous research That's why aviation engineers today are constantly that will provide better fuels and engines for the flyer working to develop greater power through fuel and of tomorrow --the "aviator" who today is twisting a engine improvements. And assisting them are the re rubber band to make his plane flv. 1' ETC 22681 ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION, ituutitjucturer oj `Hiti-I^UOL b /'/tads used by oil complintes to improve VtisolHIV Printed in V. S. * What Is A Boy ? He is a person who is going to cany on what you have started. He is going to sit where you are sitting and, when you are gone, attend to those things you think are so im portant. You can adopt all the policies you please, but how they will be carried out, depends upon him. Even if you make leagues and treaties, he will have to manage them. He will assume control of vour cities, states and nation. He is going to move in, and take over your prisons, churches, schools, universities and corporations. All your work is going to be judged and praised, or con demned, by him. Your reputation and your future are in his hands. All you build is for him and the fate of nations and of humanity is in his hands. It might be as well to pay him some attention. Author Unknown. ETC 22683 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP C LAREY, Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello F. S. Cronin B. R. Jones A. B. Wyrick H. F. Dedo D. S. Flynn R. L. Goltz M. P. Murdock C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dayton Kansas City New York Los Angeles Seattle Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Babnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL CASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 6 Signposts on Propaganda Road N this day and age, propaganda has become as much a part of our daily I lives as the weather. You read it in your newspaper; you listen to it over your radio; it flashes on the screen before you at the movies; you receive it in a score of different sizes, shapes and forms in vour daily mail. Propaganda has certain characteristics which mark it for what it is. Learn to recognize the danger signs. Maxwell S. Stewart, editor of a number of pamphlets published by the Public Affairs Committee of Rockefeller Center, has suggested seven such danger signals for which we should watch. Here they are: Name-calling, glittering generalities, the transfer device, testimonials, the plain folks device, card-stacking, the band-wagon device. "Name-calling," Mr. Stewart explains, "is an obvious scheme to stir your hate or fear and turn you emotionally against the person or nation being nicknamed. The Allies called Germans "huns' in the first world war, for example. "As soon as such `bad names' are called, it's a good plan to substitute another word that's completely neutral and then continue with your mind awake to the probability that you're exposed to, if not propaganda, at least an editorially biased version of the facts. "Glittering generalities are really the opposite of name-calling. That's a method all of us know, particularly in an election year when politicians of both parties tell us they should be elected for the `national welfare.' In the first world war, allied soldiers believed they were fighting `to make the world safe for democracy' in a `war to end war', while Germans thought they were fighting a defensive war to save `European civilizations' and the `freedom of the seas'. After the Armistice, both began to wonder as to the precise truth of those bright phrases. "When it comes to rallying supporters by the `transfer' device, propa gandists simply identify themselves or their missions with symbols that everyone venerates, like a flag or a cross, and transfer the veneration from the symbols to themselves. "Cartoonists are old hands at using this device. They sketch Uncle Sam approving or disapproving the budget and by using that figure of Uncle Sam stir our emotions and make us feel that all the United States as a whole --or at least the right thinking people--are definitely for or against the budget. "Everyone knows about testimonials. They're simply an attempt to make Continued on page 10 In This Issue What is a Boy? Signposts on Propaganda Road Oregon's New Service See New York from a Blimp Planes Across the Border First American Bank Oil Aviation Scholarships Pennsylvania Dynamometer Club Ethyl Fleet Conferences Brooks--62 Years of Service A New Tire Construction Chemical Pioneer Prospectors On the Average Sinclair's Spring Campaign Ethyl at Phillips Sales School Washington Transport Association Research Laboratory Bowlers Newsbriefs--Service Awards ETC 22684 \ Oregon Leads in New Emergency Service Be rn Th HE Jay W. Stevens Disaster per minute. As an example of the TService Unit of the Portland, quick starting and performance Oregon, Bureau of Fire, is the firsmt ade possible by proper tune-up of its kind ever built. The unit wasand quality fuel, the engine recently designed bv Wentworth & Irwin of covered the 1214 miles to the scene Portland and the chassis manufac of an accident, over grades and unit is designed to furnish power and light quickly and continuously when regular sources of power have failed or are not available. Three portable and one stationary genera tor supply 5,000 watts of energy. va ho evm< ca tured by Kenworth Motor Truck Corp. of Seattle, under the supervi sion of Mr. Aaron M. Frank of Port through traffic, in a total elapsed time of 16 minutes from the time the alarm was received. This current can be generated in the car, or the portable plants can be set up any distance outside. For outside fa< be land, who donated it to the City. A squad of six specially trained fire men on each shift operates the unit from a central fire station. The car is all its name implies--a complete unit fully equipped with every type of device that experience has taught might be of service in meeting emergencies of whatever nature. Purposes for which the car is In emergencies, and particularly those occurring at night, lighting is an important need and great stress has been placed on this feature. The lighting the unit has a batterv of eight flood lights which may be mounted separately on tripods or along the top of the car. re di' tr fit P w ar m w designed include fires, train wrecks, Sb plane crashes, collapse of buildings, b< bridges, or elevators; shipwrecks, va highway disasters, snow slides, earth slides, floods, jail breaks, riots, epi 'll demics, explosions, mine or tunnel disasters, in fact every type of emer gency with which modern life has to deal. The unit was named in honor of Mr. Jay W. Stevens, a veteran of Portland's Fire Department for many years. The car is powered with a 135horsepower Hall-Scott engine with 5-speed transmission. Equipment in cludes dual ignition, tachometer, dual fuel pumps, four-wheel hy q tt n ei P tl t u n v draulic brakes, and 100-gallon gaso line tank. The body is fabricated from high tensile steel and alumi num, with fluted exterior panels and insulated with two inches of glass wool between inner and outer walls. Windows are of airplane type safety glass. Since efficient use of this equip ment depends to a great extent upon quick starting, fast warm-up and top performance, the engine is tuned to peak power and Ethyl is used exclu sively. With its 6.7 to 1 gear ratio, the vehicle develops a speed of 65 miles per hour at 2500 revolutions Unit in action at the scene of a fire. Note efficiency of flood-lighting equipment. E THU NEWS [4] ETC 22685 The power supply may be con nected directly to the regular wiring I0 buildings to re-establish lighting. This service is considered of great value in meeting emergencies in * hospitals, schools, churches or wher' ever service has failed. The equipment includes 1250 feet of heavy cable in varying lengths. f* Communication being a major factor in emergencies, the Unit has been equipped to meet every re quirement for the transmission and receipt of messages at the scene of disaster. A portable receiver and transmitter weighing \TA pounds is fitted with a waterproofed tele phone handset, or a special gas mask with a built-in telephone receiver and transmitter. Although it is pri marily intended for working from within a burning building to the out side or over the loudspeaker, it has been heard for a distance of 15 miles. While actual construction re quired about one year, the unit is the product of many years of study, research and investigation. Experi ence gleaned from disasters of the past has been used in building into this one car all of the hundreds of types of tools, devices and equip ment which, though urgently needed, are not ordinarily available at scenes of disaster. ./ Portable outfit r.j*.! 1 OftUlO disasters. etc 22686 No.- See New York from a Blimp Air Sightseeing Opens With Fair ISITORS to New York or the Three sightseeing blimps file over Gov VWorld's Fair this summer will ernors Island in New York harbor. notice, on fine days, graceful silver "blimps" floating over Manhattan, with passengers inside enjoying a East River that separates Manhat cool breeze while they take a bird's tan from Long Island, and around eye view of the world's greatest city. the northern tip of Manhattan back And a bird's eye view it is--from the to the Hudson and New Jersey. On air, Manhattan lays itself out in or some trips, if the- guests prefer, the derly streets and squares, as on a time is spent looking down on the map, with miniature cars and bright- Fair or prowling about New York's painted taxis chasing each other busy lower harbor to watch the along Lilliputian streets. picturesque traffic of gray-painted But there's no need to envy these ocean liners, freighters with huge, passengers -- they're paying guests bright flags on their sides, barges, on regular scheduled flights, which tugs, ferries, lighters, railroad car you can take yourself. Made and op floats and excursion boats. erated by Goodyear, these blimps Flying in a blimp is a lot of fun. fly from Bendix Field in New Jersey. As the ship floats along at 35 or 40 They make one-hour trips around miles an hour there is no pro New York--from the field over to the nounced sense of motion --just a Hudson River, down the river to the faint roll from side to side, or a slow picturesque Battery at the lower tip rise and fall as the ship passes of the island, then perhaps up the. through different air currents. The cabin, or gondola, holds six passen gers in easy chairs. In front sits the pilot, in an arm chair with a wheel at his right hand for controlling climb or descent. His feet rest on a pair of pedals, for steering. Above the forward window is a row of control knobs that re semble spools or electic fuses; with these the pilot controls the distribu tion of helium gas inside the blimp's bag, to make the ship more bouyant in the nose or the stern as may be necessary to compensate for air cur rents or load. At the pilot's left hand is the throttle for two 145-horse power engines suspended on each side of the gondola, under the great silver belly of the ship. With this power the pilot can move at 60 miles an hour when he wishes, or ride out windstorms which would have air planes grounded. Passenger flights, of course, are ETHYL NEWS m ETC 22687 z.'I**' ,, j!. X JS*P' f J/ie "Puritan" leaves her hangar and points her nose at a cloud. The two silver ijripes projecting from the bag just abaft the cabin are wind scoops, which catch the blast from the propellers and maintain "air pressure" inside the silken bag to keep it taut. Only about 2/3 of the hag is occupied by helium, which is carried in fabric "cells." the first airship license ever granted by the Department of Commerce. During the war he trained hundreds of Army and Navy pilots, while Goodyear was building over a thou ade only in good weather. Since member--by a matter of seconds--of sand balloons and a hundred air 925 the fleet of Goodyear blimps the Caterpillar Club, that exclusive ships for the government. as flown 3 million miles and carried faternity of aviators whose lives have If you want to fly, you can take .,more than 350,000 passengers with been saved by a parachute. He holds Continued on page 17 out accident. The Pilgrim, first flag- ship of the fleet, has been in the [Smithsonian Institute since 1932. [Like the Pilgrim, these airships are :[named after American international racing yachts--Volunteer, Reliance, -^Enterprise, Resolute and Rainbow. be Volunteer, ten years old, has ..^carried more than 40,000 passen gers. The three newest are at New 'riYork this summer. There are 19 pilots in the Good ie year fleet, whose licensed service ^average comes to more than 11 years 'apiece. They have made more than ,40 Atlantic Crossings while training -on dirigibles. ap? Head pilot of the entire staff is [Captain "Jack" Boettner, a salty, Planes across the border--American neutrality laws prohibit the actual flying of war planes from the United States to any belligerent country, but ordinary ship ment is permissible. This explains the odd spectacle of farm horses towing big ^Seasoned character well known in flying circles. With more than ten ^thousand hours to his credit, he is .,? known for his coolness, courage and g. keen flying sense. He is the second I- ' .*V\E 19 10 bombers across the international border in western Canada. The machines are flown up from the manufacturers in the states, land easily on the level, solidly frozen prairies, are shipped via horse power a few yards, then take the air to their Canadian destination. Photo shows a Lockheed Hudson Bomber coming across the border at Emerson, Manitoba, on a frosty March '3.:;. - HP fih [?] ETC 22688 The oldest American check, drawn in Spanish dollars in 1782. The First American Bank .\ .^ By M. V. Brewington Trust Investment Dept, of The Pennsylvania Company n ANKS and the innumerable serJD vices they perform are so famil iar in our daily lives that it is almost impossible to imagine the United States without them. For the first 175 years of our history, however, there were no institutions where one could leave funds for safekeeping; where one could cash a check, had there been such a thing; or where in the course of one's business one could borrow money. All trade and commerce from the purchase of a needle to the export and import of whole ship loads of goods had to be financed by barter, by cash, or with credits advanced by individuals. The government itself, when it was organized at the outbreak of the War for Independence had no means of expeditiously raising funds to feed, clothe, and otherwise equip the little army fighting under George Washington. A variety of schemes such as the issuance of paper money, lotteries and borrowing from friendly Euro pean governments were tried. The results were far from satisfactory: the currency depreciated to but a fraction of its stated value, and the credit of the Continental Congress abroad practically vanished. By 1781 the Continental Army, paid in paper money mutinied and threat ened to return home unless means could be found which would assure real purchasing power. It appeared that the Colonies had lost their war for liberty not through cowardice or their lack of military skill but be cause of their inability to handle their finances properly. The crisis brought forward Robert Morris, a leader who would be found as capable in the management of money and credit as Washington was in commanding troops. Morris knew the problem which the nation faced and with small delay pre sented a plan to Congress. The heart of the program was the creation of an institution in which would be concentrated a large pool of specie against which sound currencv could be issued and loans made to the Congress for the prosecution of the war. After considerable debate Congress approved the plan and on January 7th, 1782, the Bank of North America began business in the front room of a house at Third and Chest nut Street, Philadelphia. This was the first bank in the United States and for 147 years continued in op eration under its own name making a record unsurpassed by any Amer ican business and equalled by few in the world. In no year did it fail to earn and pay a dividend to its stockholders. Probably no other institution has participated in the general develop ment of the nation as did the Bank of North America. One of the bank's first official acts was to finance the purchase of a battleship, the Hyder Ally, with which Captain Joshua Barney cleared the Delaware River of British armed vessels, thereby enabling American supply ships to bring munitions safely to the Con tinental Army. During the War with France in 1798-1801, the Bank aided in financing the construction of the frigate Philadelphia; during the War of 1812, in conjunction with "Guinea Tester" used by teller to detect underweight gold coins. (Courten William Grai,E)q.y Sew Trk Ciir) Stephen Girard, the Bank aided in the flotation of the Government's war loans; in fact every armed conffljct in which the United States has '`been engaged from 1782 to 1918 is mirrored on the Bank's books. On its records are detailed act counts of aid given to such things as the building of the first railroad in ! the United States; the construction 5? of the first power textile factory; the T first self-propelled vehicle, the forerunner of the automobile, Oliver i Evan's Oruktor Amphibilis; the first ' foreign trade with the Orient; the publishing of the first daily newspaper; these and many another piece of business on which our coun\ try is today dependent for its pros perity appear on the Bank's ledgers. The list of its first stockholders and depositors reads almost like the roll'call of the Signers of the Decla- ration of Independence, of the members of the Continental Congress, of the diplomatic corps and the high officers of the Continental Army and ` Navy. Among the first customers were such men as Benjamin Frank lin, John Paul Jones, Thomas Jeffer' son, John Adams, Robert Morris, ' Stephen Decatur, Benjamin Rush, General Henry Knox, the Chevalier de la Luzerne and Jean Holker, the French Ambassador and Consul f General, respectively. As time passed and new depositors opened / When not in use the "Guinea Tester" folds into its case and mat/ be slipped into the coat pocket. B.wk of Nuth-Amtrica, 1780' A\ RE CEIVF.U Uillg the IJr.i.Uu.! ^"r-Dgttart, ` . , y /,, S'* V> Sharer of /'.<< Sl.O, -y'Z- Dalian, accounts, we find the names of other eminent men: John Jay, Chief Jus tice of the Supreme Court; Joshua Humphreys, designer of the first ships of the United States Navy; Stephen Girard, merchant and phi lanthropist, in his day the country's richest citizen. In addition to the great wealth of materials of interest to the student of American finance to be found in the books of the Bank, many things of interest to the general public are among its possessions. For instance, no huge vaults guarded the money and securities from theft and fire when the Bank first opened its doors. Instead the cashier placed the valu ables in a wrought iron box measur ing twenty-nine inches long by seventeen inches wide and seven teen inches high, and at night a single watchman armed with a flint lock blunderbuss stood guard over the treasure. If need arose, he could be reinforced by the cashier and his family who lived in the rooms over the banking quarters. Much of the money in those early days was gold and silver coin and to guard against counterfeit and light pieces the tellers were equipped with tiny delicate scales and bal ances--"Guinea testers" they were called--by means of which bad coins were detected. The majority of today's business transactions are settled by the use of bank checks. These were first intro duced into American life by the Bank of North America. It will be noted that this oldest American bank check calls for the payment of Captain John Paul Jones' receipt for dividend on bank stock. "533 i Dollars" an amount which could not today be paid precisely. In those days the unit of currency was the "Spanish dollar" which was di vided into ninety parts, or pence, thereby making the payment of "J dollar" a simple matter. When the American dollar was adopted the Bank of North America, by chang ing its bookkeeping unit, did much to popularize the use of the new currency. Until 1929, for 147 years, the Bank of North America conducted busi- One PENNY' Specie. ^ si - - ~ I'r.n .1 ... - ............- '$?s-Tlic Pre: ideal, Directors 9 $ tzgf'aiid Company ofthe Bank -s A 4'% ofNurii.-Americapromise to pay to the Bearer, on E f demand. One Ninetieth of-'. A aj&j a Dollar. L V August G, 1 ?Sp. Jf-f gf fTsnrx fFrind', Cajhier.ff% Note for one penny, one-ninetieth part of a Spanish dollar. * V 2V E 194 0 [9] ETC 22690 ness under its own name. In that year it became through a merger a part of another old Philadelphia bank, the Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and Grant ing Annuities. Recognizing the great historical value of the records of the Bank of North America, all of which Oil Aviation Scholarships N an evening very soon at a basis of the student's record in O banquet in 'Washington, D. C., the government flight and ground will be seated some of the greatesctourses and his ability to execute names in the field of aviation, to specified flight maneuvers with gether with young student aviators maximum precision and safetv. who are unknown. The university or college which is From these unknowns, three of judged to have made the best record the nation's outstanding student in training student pilots will re pilots will be chosen after an audit ceive the oil company intercollegi of their grades and a nation-wide ate aviation trophy. The oil scholar flight competition this month. The ship and award fund will provide winner will receive a scholarship of cash awards for the flight instructors $1,000 to be used for his aeronauti who train the seven student pilots cal education. Students placing sec who qualify for the finals of the ond and third will receive $750 and competition, and engraved wrist $500 scholarships, respectively. watches will be given to the seven More than 9,000 student aviators student pilots. Each of 49 contest in 400 American colleges will be ants who compete in the seven re eligible to compete for this $15,000 gional elimination contests will re oil company scholarship and award ceive a parchment certificate. fund. Awards will be made on the have been preserved intact from the day it was first planned by Robert Morris, the Board of Directors of The Pennsylvania Company decided to place the entire collection in the custody of the library of the Histori cal Society of Pennsylvania. There the records and other memorabilia would receive not only the care nec essary to assure their preservation but they would be made readily available to qualified students of American history and finance. On the 158th birthday of the Bank of North America, Mr. William Ful ton Kurtz, the president of the Penn sylvania Company, formally trans ferred the collection to the President of the Historical Society. Although this ceremony might be said to mark the closing chapter in the history of the first bank in the western hemi sphere and the third such institution in the entire world, it is an inspira tion to know that the original contri butions made to organize the bank by Benjamin Franklin, Robert Mor ris and other founders of the United States are still at work for the pros perity and well-being of the nation they created. Signposts on Propaganda Road Continued from page 3 us think that either various leaders or representative citizens approve of something, and therefore we should approve of it, too. You can think of dozens of examples -- the current `Confucius say---- ' is probably the granddaddy of them all. "As for the `plain folks' device, that's always a favorite with politi cians, labor leaders, business men-- anyone in the public eye. They try to make people like them and win their confidence'by seeming to be `just plain folks.' Dewey goes sleigh riding with his children, Taft poses with a newly-killed turkey, Garner oils his `shootin' irons' and President Roosevelt goes on fishing trips." The card-stacking device, Mr. Stewart says, is the deliberate at tempt to omit or distort facts so as to stack the cards in the favor of the propagandist. To identify it, you have to know all the facts. If no unprejudiced reports on a subject are available to you, it's a good idea to set up these guards: Take the worst stories from either side with a generous pinch of salt. Compare stories from both sides. See on what points both sides agree. In reading war news, remember that correspondents in war-time rarely get to the front, have only limited freedom of movement and action, depend in large part on what governments tell them, pass their dispatches through censorship. Listen to radio commentators with critical judgment, and check their stories against those in the papers. Remember photographs can be faked. The last of the seven danger sig nals, the band-wagon device, can usually be identified by an appeal from the propagandist to "get on the band-wagon and follow the crowd." To heed such a call, you must join the herd blindly without establish ing good reasons for your action. Watch for propaganda's signposts and stop short at any and all of the seven danger signals. From "Lion Naturaluber ETUYL iVBU'S [ IO ] ETC 22G91 o T- - - ft-vJ- Pennsylvania Tune-Up Shops Form Dynamometer Club in md ut(` itli !i i,s ini rc- `1'i- !ar- icli* ors !ot.s the rist .'on strorr- ilt !es. j/TPEN dynamometer operators in Members and guests of the Western The Western Pennsylvania asso ee. 'VL western Pennsylvania have Pennsylvania Dynamometer Club at their fourth bi-monthly meeting. ciation has proved most beneficial her formed an association, the Western for all concerned. Two similar clubs :ne Pennsylvania Dynamometer Club, Pennsylvania Dynamometer Club in the New York Division area have ilv for the advancement of dynamom thus far have been well attended, since been organized--the Metro ud eter tune-up technique and the dis even though the average distance politan New York and New Jersey hat cussion of mutual problems. At least each member must travel comes to Otis Proving Stand Club and the eir once every two months the members 120 miles. Credit for first calling the Bendix New Jersey Dynamometer gather at a central point for dinner dynamometer operators together Club. *>rs ck and instructive talks on various as and then suggesting the formation he pects of tune-up technique by guest of such a club with regular meetings Western Pennsylvania towns from speakers, followed by an "open belongs to Ethyl's western Pennsyl which members of the Western he forum" discussion of such topics as vania field representative, Gelston Pennsylvania Dynamometer Club - shop problems, merchandising, cus Howell. convened. >gan tomer relations, advertising, and Dynamometer shops represented , equipment. at the last meeting were Forbes *al Twenty-nine members attended & Murray, Pittsburgh; Martin H. lie the club's fourth meeting, last April Heine, Huntington; Parish Electric 1" 8th, at the Hotel Alexander in Kit Co., Warren; Sell Motor Co., Johns tin ">jr ..V tanning, Pa., ten tune-up shops be town; Sowash Tire & Battery Ser Ji- ing represented. Guest speaker was vice, Greensburg; S & R Grinding Leon L. Graham, Bendix Products Machine Co., Pittsburgh; Spencers ->ts Division of Bendix Aviation Corpo United Motor Service, Juniata; he ration, who spoke on the topic of Westrick Motor Co., Carrolltown; 5^4 Carburetion. Zirat Battery & Electric Service, k'h All four meetings of the Western Beaver Falls. PtHSOotOH / / 4 aira^A s *VNE 19-10 [ II J ETC 22692 at h) 5 (C A D1 I joe < mol iofer Corj jo's 1 wen comawgi men \ kan t'lua os A { dis 'ofn pre* Fonvsin) a.- 1 % left to right: L. P. Durst, Zone Manager, Los Angeles; Sumner Howard, Factory Service Manager; T. E. Williams, Field Engineer (all of AC Spark Plug Co.). / V ethyl yews [12] I- ETC 22693 f-Cr -b)-l rith Cameraman atiyl Fleet Conferences fApril, the Los Angeles Division of the Ethyl D i Corporation was host at two Fleet and Auto- iferences, conducted by Errol J. Gay, from the I-} Detroit Engineering Laboratory. Like previous fin other parts of the country, these conferences ; by commercial truck and bus operators, oil neers and manufacturers of trucks and equip- four hundred men attended the two confer| Angeles and San Francisco and participated in fmaintenance and operating problems. Evervone ; .to the value of these conferences and looks nilar meetings in the future. re ms. S Toi J. GaiyEtlujl Gasoline Corporation. l-*UXE 194 0 [I3l Sumner Howard, AC Spark Plug Co. V ETC 22694 Brooks, Means Sixty-Two Years of Transportation Service \ T matters not what time of day I you enter a Brooks Transporta tion Company terminal you will find plenty of activity. Big semi-trailers that have just docked are being un loaded while others are receiving merchandise of all kinds to be rushed to waiting mills, factories or retailers in distant cities. There are 155 vehicles under the Brooks banner, busy every day in the week and every week in the year, and there are upwards of 400 employees on the Brooks payroll. The big modern semi-trailers travel the highways between Richmond, Virginia, and Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and New England -- from Richmond south to the Carolinas and beyond. Although the company's freight business was started only seven years ago, it has grown enormously and today is operating at the rate of 250,000,000 lbs. a year. While transporting freight is a comparatively new activity, the company itself dates back to 1878, when it was founded by Mr. J. W. Brooks. Then of course, only horse- C. Fair Brooks, Secretary-Treasurer of Brooks Transportation Co., Inc., and Brooks Transfer b Storage Co., and President of Brooks Warehouse Corp. drawn vehicles were used, and a familiar sight of the day was to see Mr. Brooks or one of his employees driving a team of horses down the tree-lined streets of Richmond. The company is justly proud of the fact that they still have on their books. customers who have been with them continuously during its sixtv-two years. When the founder started this business, it was entirely a local en terprise but it grew and prospered and Mr. Brooks began to operate a horse-drawn bus line across the James River, affording needed trans portation to the Richmonders who dwelled on the other side. This ser vice, too, prospered until the wheels of progress overtook it. When elec tric street cars were invented they were first operated commercially in Richmond in the belief that if they could climb the city's hills thev would prove practical anywhere and as they proved themselves satis factory, the horse-drawn bus was no longer seen crossing the James River bridge. Mr. Brooks characteristically wasted no time in bemoaning the fact that his bus was outmoded, but devoted himself exclusively to building up his transfer business. By this time several of his sons began to show evidence of becoming hustling young business getters. Eventually, Brooks drivers at monthly safety meeting study an accident re-enacted with toy trucks. Continuous efforts to increase safety, accounts for the company's fine record. ETHYL X W S L >4 1 ETC 22695 what was known as Brooks Transfer Company became Brooks Transfer & Storage Company, and upon the death of the founder, succeeded to his sons, J. A. and C. Fair Brooks. Two large fireproof warehouses i? Were built to accommodate the stor- J age of merchandise and household goods and as the motor era arrived, his the horse-drawn vehicles were grad- li ually displaced by the new-fangled ed motor trucks. '* a K?'- With the development of motor `he ^--.transportation and the building of ns- highways, long distance moving be- ho erels i^.came an important part of the ' Brooks service and today they operate the largest fleet of vans in the One of the huge semi-trailers of the Brooks modern fleet which transport a quarter of a billion pounds of freight a year from Maine to the Carolinas. ec- N South for the movement of house- a;y in ey ey t hold goods. : ' The varied services rendered by the Brooks concern made it desira- re p ble to form several different compa *is- ss, nies--each, however, under the man no agement of the two brothers. Ac- .er *7 cordingly, Brooks Warehouse Cor- q poration was formed to handle all iiy he H the warehouse business, and as a ^ holding company for the two con- >ut | cems rendering transportation ser- to H vice -- namely, Brooks Transfer & By Iv? Storage Co., Inc., and Brooks Trans to it portation Co., Inc. The first men- "g' p - tioned does the local and long dis- ly, tance household goods moving, local cartage, etc., while the other handles 1 over-the-road freight on a large sec- Thorough physical examination and efficiency tests are required of all Brooks * tion of the Eastern seaboard. drivers before employment and must be undergone every six months thereafter. W:' At their main offices in Richmond, I will be found a huge garage with and Badges are awarded regularly. The Brooks companies believe that W modem repair and paint shops. There are some drivers who have nothing so stimulates an employee S'- Every vehicle is washed and thor- completed 10 to if years without a to perform his duties ably as pride Roughly examined for any fault as single accident. However, since the in his company. Accordingly, Brooks soon as it comes in off a run, and the system of badges has been in effect uses only the most reliable and effi jap driver is required to report any fail only four years, the official record cient makes of vehicles. It buys only ures, to assist the mechanics in their covers only that period. In April, tires that can be relied upon to per check-up. It is ready for another trip, 1940, sixty-four received awards for form safely for many miles. Follow only after any needed repairs and driving without an accident for four ing out the same policy, when Ethyl adjustments are made. years; seven for three years; twenty- was first considered, it had to pass This careful checking, together two for two years; twenty-five for the rigorous tests set up by the com with a staff of able drivers, is one of one year; and sixteen received cards pany. Only after it proved that it the reasons for the company's fine for periods of less than a year. would enable their trucks to secure accident record. Vacation with pay Continuous efforts to increase greater mileage more economically, is the reward of drivers who through safety are made, with safety meet was it adopted and all their new ty. out the year have no serious charge ings regularly, thorough physical equipment is being adjusted for able accident. Safety Certificates examinations and efficiency tests. Ethyl Gasoline. *VXE t940 Us) ETC 22696 Something New In Tire Construction NE of the more recent develop sponding to the singles cotton yarn O ments in the tire field is the spun from many individual short new Rayon Cord Tire which is nowcotton fibers. From this point on, the being offered the public by certain process is the same. A definite num manufacturers and as we approach ber of singles yarns are twisted to the season when tires are likely to gether to make a ply yarn and a defi be the motorists' greatest problem, nite number of ply yarns are twisted it seems a timely subject. to form the cord used in the tire. However, there is a story behind Although the discovery of rayon it which is much more than the an fiber for tires was a great achieve nouncement of a new product. As is ment, there were many problems to the case with nearly all such devel opments, it spells long and painstak ing research in the laboratory, re The Rayon Filament is sulting in new comfort, trouble-free performance and above all, safety. But let us see what rayon cord is all about, how it is made and why it makes a stronger, better tire as is claimed. The production of rayon in its more uniform in structure. In these microphotographs of cross sections of the two yarns, the more uni form, stronger structure of rayon filaments, the man made material, is apparent. simplest form involves the use of cotton and chemicals as shown in accompanying diagram. The cellu lose is extracted from cotton, puri fied and then treated to form alkali cellulose. After aging, this is mixed with carbon disulfide, forming an orange colored solid called cellu lose xanthate. This substance is then dissolved in caustic soda and be comes a honey-like liquid called vis cose which, after special treatment, is forced through a spinneret into an acid bath which solidifies the sprays into rayon filaments. The Rayon Cord is more uniform in twist. This view enlarged several times, shows the more regular, precise twist of the rayon cord and clearly indicates rayon's greater uniformity. The chief difference in the manu facture of tires with cotton fiber and CBTTQN rayon fiber, is in the fact that the former requires approximately 140 million fibers to make a pound of m itt*tr:tSttiv cord whereas it is possible to make a pound of rayon cord from one con tinuous filament. Hundreds of these IUI lift XATBR -A- fine filaments are twisted together to form the singles rayon yarn corre be overcome before the new tire could be built. One was the question of adhering rubber compounds to the rayon cord and only after many tests was the present shock-resisting tire made possible. The result is a carcass 85 per cent more shock proof than the ordinary tire carcass. Aside from the additional strength there are other advantages resulting from the new construction. Exhaus tive tests have shown that the rayon cord under normal conditions, gives 16% more tread wear than the ordi nary tire. Another feature worth noting is that with the new rayon cord, less heat is generated at high RATON COTTON The Rayon Yarn is more uniform in gauge. This en larged photo shows the smooth, even surface of rayon in sharp contrast to the irregular fibrous char acter of cotton. m t The Rayon Cord is more uniform in strength. These charts, compiled from hun dreds of elongation tests of both cords, with 10-pound load, show the much great er fluctuations in stretch of conventional tire cords. ETnVA 2VJE tt'S [ id ] `speeds. Tests have shown that it uns approximately 45 degrees ooler under the handicap of heavy f load, flexing and impact. This is im- greater strength of the rayon cord construction, the four-ply tire has the durability and safety of a regular six-ply yet the flexibility of the four- M t f: 1 Cotton Chemicals Viscose Acid Rayon . portant inasmuch as when tires are run at temperatures exceeding 250 degrees, they begin to lose mileage expectancy rapidly. Because of the ply tire. This reduced carcass thick ness aids in cutting down destruc tive heat generated during long high speed service. 1^ Chemical Pioneer Prospectors HEMISTS have joined the carbon or partly-hydrocarbon soil C search for oil and gas. They are waxes, are being used as possible in applying microchemical methods todications of underlying oil deposits. the pioneer custom of finding oil de- Recently, a highly sensitive device posits by surface seepages. Unlike known as the "mass-spectograph," the pioneer prospectors, who located used only in the physics research only shallow wells by surface seep laboratory for "weighing" infinitesi ages and sometimes not even those, mal atoms, has been put to work. It modem chemical prospectors hope is used as a modem divining rod, to develop a method of seepage separating and identifying the mi analysis which will be an accurate nute amounts of surface gases which guide to underlying oil deposits in have escaped laboratory analysis. any field and will locate wells at any With the "atom-weigher" it is pos depth. sible to ran a qualitative and quanti At present they are concerned tative analysis on an unknown mix chiefly with the analysis of surface ture of hydrocarbon gases smaller soils or the gases contained in them in volume than the head of a pin. for minute amounts of various hy Results of the analysis may be ob drocarbons and other compounds tained in ten minutes or less, scien which indicate the presence of un tists say. derlying petroleum deposits. Soil Another device, newly-developed samples from the surface or a few to aid discovery of new production feet below are taken to the labora horizons in already-developed fields, tory. There light hydrocarbon com contains a very sensitive electric eye ponents are driven off by vacuum which responds to emissions of distillation. Such heavy components Gamma rays from geological struc as waxes are extracted in various tures. Lowered to the bottom of the ways and analyzed. The presence of well and raised slowly, the `eye' such divergent gases as hydrogen, registers variations in the Gamma ethane, ethylene and propane is rays given off by each strata which determined. Liquid hydrocarbons are recorded automatically at the from surface soils and even hydro- surface. See New York from a Blimp Continued from page 7 the one-hour trip around Manhattan for $5, or a half-hour cruise over the meadows of New Jersey for S3. Bendix Feld is at Bendix, New Jersey, about 5 miles from the end of the George Washington bridge on route 6. If you would rather take a bus, the round trip is 75c from the New York teminal at 7th Avenue and 40th Street. Flights begin about 11 and continue until dark. Should you have a yen to photo graph the sights below, that's all right. Guests may stand at the open front windows and "shoot" the scene below to their hearts' content; no bumpiness or blast of propellerwash will disturb them. In fact, it's so comfortable and pleasant up there that the most enthusiastic fans afterwards seem to be school chil dren and old folks. They get a great kick out of it. On the Average yours an "average" automobile? rIf it is, and you can find "average" conditions, then perhaps you can help petroleum researchers, annoyed no end by variables which make accurate testing of gasoline a night mare. One of the researchers recent ly described as follows the ideal conditions for testing the perform ance of gasoline in a modem auto mobile: "An averageautomobile in average mechanical condition with average wind resistance and average air pressure in the tires and with the average number of passengers of average weight driven by the aver age motorist on the average road on a day with average atmospheric con ditions at an average speed." On May 11th, the Baltimore Division Office of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation moved from Court Square Building to 1816 Baltimore Trust Building. iPf 1040 [ 17 ] ETC 22698 "Forward in'40-Sinclair's New Spring Campaign t I ''HE Sinclair Refining Company \ JL has recently completed, throughout their marketing terri tory, a series of unusual sales pro motional and educational meetings for their entire organization, com prising their salesmen, dealers, agents and distributors. Casoline sales,farm sales,Sinclairize for Sum mer, "Sales a'poppin'," and other products and campaigns were dram atized most effectively with a variety of skits that not only were instruc tive but entertaining. "A Mid-Summer Knight's Dream," for example, was an original version of the Shakespearean comedy. The act showed a sleeping service station attendant and three modern pumps with the insignia of Sinclair's gaso lines. The pumps came to life and in discussions with themselves and the attendant, brought out selling points for Sinclair Motor Fuels. A bit of humor and good showmanship made this a huge success. Another skit, called "Answer This, Please," caught everyone's interest. The audience was invited to submit Ur. H. D. Kline, Sinclair Refining Co.'s Southeastern District Manager, open ing the Atlanta meeting during the novel sales promotion campaign which his company recently inaugurated. written questions about Sinclair gasolines which were read on the stage by the Master of Ceremonies and then presented to a "Board of Experts" seated there. A brand new dollar bill was paid to everyone whose question was used, and two dollars to the author of any question that "stumped the experts." Need less to sav, there were occasions when these worthies found them selves unprepared. A sample ques tion that paid off was, "If it takes 50 years of calico to make a nightshirt for an elephant, how far could a cockroach travel on a midget motor cycle using Sinclair H-C?" The typical "action" photographs were taken at the meetings held in Sinclair's Southeastern District. A troup of 12 men with a baggage car load of stage material traveled through the 7 states in this District to present the show to all marketing organizations. Other Sinclair Dis tricts had similar shows. Ethyl's new sound motion picture "Pennywise" was shown nationally as part of the "Forward in '40" meet ings held in all Sinclair Refining Company's Districts. Fully 20,000 Sinclair men saw this picture and gave it an enthusiastic reception. In concentrated farm territories, such as the Southwestern District, the Ethyl farm tractor slide film, "John Ross Gets the Facts" was included in the program. ETHYL X E W' S l 18] ETC 226 Scene from an original skit "Midsummer Knight's Dream" presented by Sinclair Refining Co. as part of their new sales camThe three pumps come to life and the dialogue that follows brings out why the station attendant should believe in his products. m &\ *W,v m 6 fft *& # fq %f __ >w _ The principals in Sinclairs "Answer This, Please." Mr. M. V. Brandt (left), acting as Master of Ceremonies and his "Board %f Experts' at the Atlanta meeting. Ethyl's Atlanta Division Manager, J. A. Costello (second from right), was guest for the evening. *i'se at to [ '9 ] ETC 22700 L. V. Reis closes his remarks at Phillipt Sales School with the admonition: "And please remember--Phillips 77 is still the best gasoline that Phillips Petroleum Co. makes." Plugs, Light Bulbs. Seat Covers. Tire Repair Kits, Windshield Wiper AS: Blades, Anti-Freeze, and manv mis op. cellaneous items. The manufactur Nc ers of these had special represen tatives to cover their part of the program. At the end of the second day, each class was entertained at dinner bv Mr. Frank "Uncle Frank" Phillips, at his Woolaroc Ranch at Bartlesville. The third session was devoted to Sp 28t the of' cia mi tra are an inspection tour of the new Re search Laboratories of the Phillips Petroleum Company at Bartlesville, and the General Offices. Members of the Sales, Research, and Engineering Departments ol the Bartlesville Staff, covered the nit Ro de: As Ga Pn products of their own manufacture, f and marketing, while representa Ethyl at Phillips Sales Schools tives of the supplying companies covered the specific products which r I ''HE Phillips Petroleum Com- The first day's program covered are sold by Phillips, but purchased ^ 1 pany recently completed a se Gasoline and Lubricants, with an from other companies. ries of Sales Schools, held at evening session devoted to the A few days after the Sales School Bartlesville, Oklahoma, which were showing of a sound film of the Birth completed its program, Mr. Roy attended by all of the salaried per day Celebration given Frank Phil Cunningham, Sales Promotion Man sonnel of their entire Marketing lips on his 66th birthday, November ager of the Phillips Petroleum Com Department covering eleven Divi 28th, 1939, and a Service Station pany, wrote Mr. Shank, Ethyl's Tulsa sions. The purpose of these Schools Skit by members of the Phillips Pe Division Manager, expressing his was to give the Phillips Sales organi troleum's Kansas City Division. This appreciation of the cooperation zation a greater knowledge of all of Skit was one of the high lights of the shown by the Company in assisting their products. school as it was both entertaining at the meetings. Mr. Cunningham The program covered three full and educational -- showing the said in part: days, and approximately fifty men wrong and right way of station "We just want you and the whole attended each class, with a total of operation. Ethyl Gasoline Corporation to know 352 men attending the series. In The Ethyl Gasoline Corporation how very much we appreciate the addition to the men called in to was given a place on the first day's good help given us by Mr. L. V. Bartlesville for the schools, all of the program which consisted of show Reis, Tulsa Division Representative, 13 tl 4, members of the Marketing Depart ment at the General Office attended one or more of the sessions. The first class opened on Thursday, March ing the films "Penny Wise," and "John Ross Gets the Facts," and a fifteen minute talk on the advan tages of higher anti-knock gasoline during the three and one-half week s School conducted here in Bartles ville. Mr. Reis not only told his own story but operated his projector k 28th, and ran through Saturday, and with proper engine tune-up. equipment to show other pictures f' continuous classes were held from The program of the second day which we used during the School, then until April 20th, with one class consisted of sales clinics covering and made himself generally helpful starting on Monday morning, and the full line of accessories handled in the gasoline discussions which the next on Thursday morning, mak by Phillips Petroleum Company, were always a part of the first day ing a total of seven classes in all. such as: Tires, Batteries, Spark for each class." K T it V I- >t: w *' l ;oJ ETC 22701 Washington Transport Association Holds Annual Convention HE annual convention of the ington, Idaho, Montana and Oregon TWashington Motor Transport Motor Transport Associations. MAssociation was attended bv 250The principal addresses were ^'operators of trucking lines in the given bv Ted V. Rodgers, Les All- k Northwest at the Davenport Hotel, man, Vice President of the Fruehauf gf Spokane, Washington, on April 27th, Trailer Company, Detroit; and W. E. ^ 28th and 29th. This was the first of Davenport, Division Sales Manager '(heir conventions in which members of the Union Oil Company, Seattle. : 0f neighboring motor transport asso As part of the technical discus ciations participated, marking a sions the subject of the importance ".'milestone in the progress of motor of public relations to this relatively [transport association work in this voung industry was given consider ('area. able thought. To this end the elimi Among the motor transport dig- nation of excessive exhaust, gear and i.nitaries present were: Ted V. supercharger noises, of extra lights vRodgers, Washington, D. C., Presi- on the body and of exhaust fuming pdent of the American Trucking or smoking (sometimes spoken of as [Assn., Homer Testu, J. O. Cotant, tailpipe halitosis) in both gasoline |fGale Whitney and Herman Sites, and diesel powered equipment came ^Presidents respectively of the Wash up for considerable discussion, dur ing the talk given by Harlev W. Drake, Superintendent of Mainte nance for Pacific Highway Trans port, Spokane. The elimination of "tailpipe halitosis," so objectionable to the public, appears possible if proper motor tune-up is followed for carburetion, manifold heat con trol and ignition timing and a good gasoline used. New transport units, both gaso line and diesel powered--were on display outside the hotel for the duration of the convention. The convention was terminated the evening of the 29th by a banquet at the Davenport Hotel at which the principal address of the week was given by Mr. Rodgers. ETHYL GASOLINE CORPORATION (Research aioialoi`; \ :W ! General Motors Mueller, Robert ,, _________ 6,__J. Rossmari. Fred" J. Schroefer, Jq. Stephen H. Droege, Donald H. Pulleyblank, Elmer L. TandpujY'. ^Center Row: August Roemer, P. R. Donnell^, H. S. Prmce, Jean L. Gall, F. J. PahSlek, Paul C. Sortmdn, Helmi Bufldeo, orothy L. Schultiy Coleman L. Davidshn, Joan L. BoyeryBottom Row: Fyrd Gillig, William A^Cole, Jr., Clinton F. Hardy^ eph VWWeaver, Carl F. Michadlf Thomas J. Roberti; Donald W. Bal, Merrill J. Anderson, William Shorft, Edwin A. smondfjr. flr\E 1940 Ui] ETC 22702 NEWSBRIEFS SOME NEW FACES AT BATON ROUGE MANUFACTURING PLANT (1) Lew Tavenner was employed March I2th. 19-10, as an operator's helper at the ethvl chloride operation. Tavenner was for merly employed bv the duPont Company at Baton Rouge. [2] Woody W. Merritt who is a pipefitter's helper at the ethyl chloride plant was em ployed March 27th, 1940. 1-3] John B. Heard was employed March 27th, 1940, as a pipefitter's helper at the ethyl chloride operation. [4] Aristide D. Treloar, Jr., was employed April 2nd, 1940. He is a pipefitter's helper and works at the ethyl chloride operation. [5] McGee Owens was employed April 2nd, 1940, as a painter at the ethvl chlo ride plant. 16) Lawrence T. Guillory, pipefitter's helper, was employed for the ethvl chlo ride operation April 11th, 1940.. [7] Duffy G. Penell is a pipefitter's helper at the ethyl chloride plant. He was em ployed April 11th, 1940. We welcome Em ma Hoffman to our Statistical Sales Department. Al though a native /New Yorker, she /has lived in Cali fornia for many Through the courtesy of the New York ment at Deepwater attended a special' Sales Division, the Manufacturing Deart- In the May issue we heralded the fKowing of the sound movie, "Causes, Ex arrival of young tinguishing and Prevention of Oil Fires," Master Louis presented by Jim Baldwin, Safety Engi Warren Shank, Jneer of the New York Division. The enter tainment was held at the Carney's Point Junior. We now have the extreme Y.M.C.A. on May 9th, and the Safety Com pleasure of pre years and attended mittee of the duPont Dye Works and sev senting to our Hollywood High eral duPont officials were invited. Show readers not only School. Miss Hoff ing of the film was preceded by a buffet Lou Junior but man was in the supper. Lou Senior who employ of General Motors Corporation, has obviously taken on the duties of father New York office, for ten years. Then she hood with great seriousness, while the returned to the West and was employed Harold J. Madden "voungun" seems to be lulled into blissful there as script girl for RKO and Para wW<as employed as repose--perfectly happy with life as the mount. Suffering from severe attacks of y"fiemist in the lab son of our Tulsa Division Manager. homesickness, she returned to the Big City. yAomratory at Baton ooo She is now with us after being in the services of Standard Oil of New Jersey and Cities Service. Rouge April 2nd, 1940. He is from Last April, the bowlers from the Manufac turing Department at Deepwater, finally Pennsboro, West got around to accepting the challenge of Virginia and re the Graybar Wildcats (previously pub It is with sincere regret that we announce ceived his degree lished in the "Ethyl News"). Ten-man the death of Harrison A. Johnson, Jr., at in chemical engi teams competed in New York, and a return the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, neering from West match of six-man teams was held at the on April 15th, 1940. Harry was twenty-five years old and held the position of Junior Engineer on Clinic Number 10 attached Virginia Univer sity in February, 1940. duPont Country Club in Penns Grove. Mainly due to the fact that the Wildcats turned out to be lambs, Deepwater won to the Kansas City Division. His funeral both matches. At any rate, both events took place at Omaha, Neb., the home of his parents, on April 18th.' Mr. Johnson was graduated from Iowa The production record of the Boston Divi sion soared to a new peak on Saturday were very successful socially, and the participants hope to get together again next year. Perhaps they can also arrange State College in 1938. He was a member afternoon, April 27th, when a seven pound, a telegraphic match with Baton Rouge at of the Delta Upsilon fraternity, being twelve ounce bov was bom at the Law the same time. . . . president of the Iowa State chapter dur rence Hospital in Bronxville, New York, ing his Senior year. Following his gradua to Mr. and Mrs. Arthur C. Acken. This ytion he joined the Kansas City Division and was assigned to the Motor Clinic. He arrival makes a grand total of six which have blessed various members of the had returned to work at the Clinic in Dav Boston Division during the past twelve enport, Iowa, following an apparently months. successful operation when his illness re The young son has been named John R. Charles M. McKay oined the labora vitory staff at Baton Rouge, April 1, 1940. He was bom in Port Gibson, occurred resulting in his death. Mr. John However, we are informed that he has Mississippi, and is son is survived by his wife, and his par already acquired the name of "Bruno," a graduate of Lou ents, Mr. and Mrs. Harrison A. Johnson of probably a derivation of his father's nick isiana Polytechnic Omaha. His loss is keenly felt by the other members of Clinic No. 10 and the entire Kansas Citv Division. name, "Carmichael." This sobriquet his father acquired in recent months from his bearish activities in selling short the cities Institution and of Louisiana State University, where of Bridgeport, Troy and Albany.. he reced ed his degree in 1937. ETHYL ,VE#S [22] Rt w. M. as th M / P1 bo M M ua sib ve' tra H( Joi w; Ar bl* at , Rc / tui wa vi co ye. St M; thi se' mi do ass ole we yoi to *th?i na: his bn the He Jr. as sist f ton ( toi 19hi ch nee isfc ve- i>. ai pei Sri* ETC 22703 ^ 2ina I. Morton Barbara H. Cand- ; employed The Following land is a recent ^jrch 26th, 1940. addition to the j stenographer at tbe Baton Rouge Service Awards Deepwater Divi sion of our Manu `Manufacturing r plant. She was bom in Cleveland. Mississippi. Miss have been made as of June 1st, 1940 facturing Depart ment. Coming to us directly after graduating from [ Morton was grad ated from Loui 10 YEARS the Beacom Busi ness College in siana Stale UniJversity in 1937 and received her business training at the Houston Business College, Anne R. Hefler Engineering, Detroit Wilmington. Del aware, Barbara was first employed in a temporary capacity last September. On ^Houston, Texas. , 0 0 In. "% * John Lee Bagents H. L. McIntire Gasoline Testing, Kansas City April 16th she became a permanent mem ber of our Ethyl family. Iwas employed ^'April 9th. 1940, as Thomas J. Roberts i? blender operator Engineering, Detroit lit the Baton We welcome /.Rouge Manufac- Harold Shaw Leonard Seglin of turing plant. He Gasoline Testing, Tulsa New Rochelle, f, was bom in Lees/*-ville. La., and ; completed two K years at Louisiana *F. State University. - o . .. ao 5 YEARS Charles D. Boehme Sales, Dayton Gertrude C. Brown N. Y., to the Man ufacturing De partment. He re ceived his birth certificate from ."Master Richard Putnam Murdock entered Alba n v, N e w Sales, New York General York, his Bache 'this, world on May 6th, 1940, weighing ji. seven and one-half pounds. This young man is the son of Mr. and Mrs. M. P. Mur dock ("Mac" is Los Angeles Div.'s new assst. mgr.) and the brother of four-year Frank A. Grant Administration Harry L. Hinnershitz Manufacturing, Baton Rouge lor's Degree in Chemical Engi neering from New York University and his M.A. from Harvard University. He comes to us from the Malletane Corporation of B'Uold Douglas Fulkenson Murdock, to whom r we extend our hearty congratulations. "Award due May 1st. Through error not New Jersey, having also worked for Pyridium Corporation, and he is engaged in <>r- reported last month. the 'if It seems that the paternal parent of this 'ful pA'young hopeful guessed slightly wrong as technical service work for Ethyl. Leon ard's hobby is painting. the fe to certain qualifications of his "forthcom- We welcome to the Payroll Section of ing blessed event" and instead of "Cyn the Administration Department, Gladys thia" making an appearance, Richard Put- Bullerwell, who has been a temporary V.ie- .Hv i>- lan irn ;he ve. ats ' nam claimed the honors, thereby causing - his Father to be an absent host at a cele bration attended by various individuals in the New' York Division. Henry H. Wall, Jr., was employed as laboratory as sistant in the Ba member of the Ethyl family since last February. Gladys graduated from New York University in June 1939 and her pre vious business experience includes associa tion with the Equitable Life Assurance Society and the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey. Her hobbies include music, swimming and tennis. Another addition to our Ethyl or ganization is El eanor A. Sullivan who recently as sumed a perma nent position with the Deepwater Di on ton Rouge labora vision of our Man nts tory April 1st, ufacturing De the 1940. He received Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin D. Harrison are partment. Eleanor ain his degree in being congratulated on the birth of a son, is a graduate of ige . chemical engi Benjamin Reed, who weighed 5 lbs. 11 ozs. the Beacom Business College in Wilming at neering from Lou on his entrance into the world on Friday, ton, Delaware, and prior to taking a tem isiana State Uni May 3rd. We are very happy to report porary position at the Deepwater Plant s'- versity in 1937. that both he and his mother are doing last November, was employed by the State Prior to his employment bv Ethyl he held splendidly. Daddy, who is connected with Tax Department of Delaware. . a position as sugar chemist with the Im- the Chicago Division, makes his headquar Eleanor's favorite form of recreation is perial Sugar Company, Sugar Land, Texas. ters at the Detroit Laboratory. swimming. i- I -s ETC 22704 V-; j';j H .'sSsfe fib 3f' . ft*" $ > -i ,,:-v; -jMSs*fyepH, ~-f. - -VA. wi5 Is there a ceiling to engine progress? One MIGHT just as well expect the world to stand still as to expect the forward march of engines and their fuels to cease. For as long as there are airplanes, men will want to fly farther and faster. As long as we have automobiles, the public will always hope for a car that offers still better performance, that gives more miles per gallon, that is even easier to drive than the splendid machines of today. And so, too, buses, trucks, tractors -- everything that depends on an en gine for its power--will always be a challenge to the forward-looking en gineer. In this progress the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, through its laboratories in Detroit and San Bernardino, plays a unique part. Though we are not and super-compression, require the directly engaged in the manufacture combined efforts ofmany research men of fuels, engines or engine parts, we in many industries. It is to these men, belong to both the oil and automotive who believe that the progress of the industries.Thus we are able to cooper next ten years will far exceed that of ate with both industries: to help them the past ten, that our research and serv unite their individual efforts toward ice facilities, data and equipment are the common goal of making transpor available. tation better and cheaper. * t > We realize that no one man, organi Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, Chrysler zation or industry can go far or fast Building, Xew York City, manufacturer alone. Because engines and their fuels ofanti-knock fluids used by oil com are so closely related, they must pro panies to improve gasoline. goress togoether, The development of new metals, new ceramics, new Hetter and more economical gasolines, and their adap tation to future engine de signs, incorporating such transportation through ETHYL RESEARCH advances as super-charging ift Printed in ETC 22705 ETC 22707 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello F. S. Cronin B. R. Jones A. B. Wyrick A. C. Tully D. S. Flynn R. L. Goltz M. P. Murdock C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dayton Kansas City New York Los Angeles Seattle Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYl news" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 7,8 Adding Up the Score ( , NE thousand, nine hundred, and thirty-nine years have passed since O the birth of Christ, and in all that time the world has not produced another perfect man. Obviously, if there are no perfect people, there cannot be anv perfect society--because society is only what people make it. Therefore the problem is to do the best we can with imperfect material, to develop a reasonably good society and government. The two systems of society and government that are most generally in use today are the "paternalistic" system, and the "democratic" or "competitive" system. The "paternalistic" system is based on the effort of one imperfect man (or small group of imperfect men) to combine millions of imperfect people into a perfect society. Some European countries are examples of this system. The competitive or democratic system is founded on the belief that be cause there are no perfect men, no man is qualified to hold complete control over the lives of the people of a nation. The United States was founded on this belief. The paternalistic system of society has some advantages, and some dis advantages. The man who runs such a society can get things done quickly, because he doesn't have to argue with anybody. He can institute reforms and at once make them effective, merely by announcing new rules. The disadvantage of the paternalistic system of government is that the man who runs it dares not permit any one to disagree with his views. It is impossible for one man (or one group of men) to rearrange all of the com plicated affairs of a nation unless he can force everybody to do exactly as he orders them to do, even though they disagree with him. Should they refuse, he must take control of their affairs, so that he can fit those affairs into his general plan. In the countries that apply the paternalistic system, the rulers have been obliged to take control of every activity. First, they had to take control of the industries of their countries and adjust each industry to all other in dustries. When the government took over the industries, all of the employes worked for the governments, and so the governments had to take control of employes to prevent them from disagreeing with their new employers. In order to use labor to the best advantage, the governments had to dictate what kind of a job each worker should take and keep, and how much he should be paid'. The governments also had to take over control of the farms and farmers, in' order to balance the various crops, and the use of those crops. Continued on page 23 In This Issue Adding Up the Score International Petroleum Exposition U. S. Coast Guard World's First Oil, Gas School G. M. Research at World's Fair Darkest Africa on Parade Fire-Fight Show Tours Country "Men Behind the Pilot" Ethyl Role in Preparedness Mid-Continent's Sales Campaign Lake Washington Floating Bridge Ethyl's 1940 Students Ethyl-Agency Golf Party "News" Photo Contest Newsbriefs--Service Awards ETC 22708 International Petroleum Exposition at Tulsa By Leslie Brooks Publicity Director, International Petroleum Exposition OW Ethyl anti-knock fluid is General view of the 1940 International H manufactured and its values Petroleum Exposition at Tulsa, Okla. and uses in today's gasoline motors ploration devices and equipment now being used to locate petroleum reserves, latest types of gasoline was one of the special displays in the equipment to fit specific problems and oil storage and transportation Hall of Science at the eleventh In and needs of the industry. equipment, were shown during the ternational Petroleum Exposition. International attendance increased eight-day period. f There, from May 18th to 25th, oil one hundred and fifty per cent over These exhibits were arranged by It men as well as the general public, that of any previous Tulsa show the scientific and technical commit had an opportunity to inspect new when delegates and representatives tee under the chairmanship of Dr. equipment and processes which from 24 nations visited the exhibit. Gustav Egloff, Director of Research, dramatized the progress of the in The theme of the Hall of Science Universal Oil Products Company, *V dustry toward more efficient and was the progress of the oil industry Chicago. This committee was as economical operation -- progress from the time of the original Drake sisted by members of the major ex which results in savings to the ulti well until the present, and there position committees in the selection mate consumers of all petroleum such displays as that of the Ethyl of timely displays and exhibits for products. Gasoline treatment, modem knock- the Hall of Science. Keynote of the 1940 exposition test engines used by the Society of More than 600 exhibitors were in was the demand for "tailor-made" Automotive Engineers, recent ex cluded in the 1940 exposition, and JETHVE A'EW'S [4l ETC 22709 oil journal writers estimated that past, this activity of the committee One of the additions to the expo l $10,000,000 worth of equipment of has been limited to the naming of sition plant this year was the new all kinds was sold during the week. the "Grand Old Man" for the indus International Delegates building, The exhibits were housed in the try as a whole. which served as headquarters for six principal buildings owned by the Upon the recommendation of the the representatives from other na exposition on its S750,000, 25-acre Old Timers' committee, a "Pioneer tions and for the Nomads Club plant site, as well as in the more than of Pioneers" was also named, with members who served as hosts to the 40 exhibitor-owned structures on P. H. ("Patsy") Mack, 88 years of international delegates. This struc the grounds. age, of Bradford, Pennsylvania, re ture will be enlarged for the 1942 In keeping with the demand for ceiving this honor. exposition. "tailor-made" equipment, such ma Thursday, May 23rd, was desig The addition of an exhibitors' chinery was displayed as new "jack nated as "Safety Day" for the expo lounge, built as a part of the office knife" derricks, which may be raised sition, and an all-day safety confer building, was also completed for the into position in a fraction of the time ence was held. To climax the pro 1940 exposition. This served as necessary to erect a standard der gram, the twelve winners of exposi headquarters and conference room rick, and which are used for servic tion safety contests were awarded for the exhibitors at the eight-day ing wells; portable "slim-hole" drill prizes for their accident-free rec show. ing equipment, truck-mounted for ords as foremen or supervisors or as Attendance figures for the 1940 greater portability; new methods of drivers of company-operated trucks Tulsa oil show reached approxi acidizing and jet-acidizing for the and cars. mately 200,000 for the week. treatment of wells to reduce the gas Plans are already under wav for oil ratio and other uses. The Old Timers' committee for the 1940 exposition enlarged its ac tivity to include the awarding of the title of "Grand Old Man" to individ r- uals representing each of nine major branches of the oil industry. In the Ethyl Booth in the Hall of Science at the Tulsa Exposition. On each side of the projection screen on the center back wall were large airviews of Ethyl's tetraethyl lead manufacturing plant at Baton Rouge and the Bromine Extrac tion Plant at Kure Beach, N. C. the May 16th to 23rd, 1942 Tulsa oil show, with many of the 1940 exhibi tors having signed contracts for space. The oil show this year was a complete sellout, with every avail able exhibit space both inside the buildings and on the grounds, taken. s>r,, ment Ieum -oline ation Z the d by lmitf Dr. arch, )anv, 5 as>r exction :s for re in. and s tvs S-. f / y" ETC 22710  /**mm*s*m ^ ^ > id U.S.Ceiast Guard-24 years in the Air, 150 at Sea kN August 4th the Coast Guard O'celebrates its 150th anniver sary. Only four years after the Dec laration of Independence, Alexan der Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury signed an order for a handful of small, swift cutters to protect the shores and harbors of the Nj new democracy. Today Coast Guard cutters 327 feet long head a fleet of 300 large and small vessels includ ing patrol boats, tugs, harbor laun ches, picket boats and other special craft. But the Coast Guard has another fleet, which is becoming more im portant every day--an air squadron of 60 modern planes. These operate from 10 fully equipped air stations on the coasts of the Atlantic, the Pacific, the Gulf of Mexico and the Great Lakes, each station staffed with 5 commissioned officers and about 70 enlisted men. One of the busiest of these is the New York sta tion located at Floyd Bennett Field in Brooklyn. In hopes of learning something about the Coast Guard air service, we piled into our car and drove out there by appointment with the Commandant. Officers and sailors of the Coast Guard's New York Air Station, at Floyd Bennett Field. Two 875 h.p. Wright Cyclone Engines give their ship the power to carry a 7-man crew and 25 emergency passengers--a gross load of 8 tons, non stop cruising range is 2,000 miles and fuel is 87 octane leaded aviation gaso line. Their motto--"Semper Paratus''-- always ready for anything that comes along. It was one of those hot July morn ings. Floyd Bennett Field steamed under a sun that couldn't quite "burn through" the haze. Two or three amateurs circled around the field in bright red and yellow planes practising landings; we stopped the car until they had gotten safely across the road which borders the field. At the end of that road, near one corner of the field where it met the waters of Jamaica Bay, we sighted the big Coast Guard hangar. Two good-sized amphibians and a smart cabin plane waited on the cement "apron" before the doors; inside were three huge flying boats. A group of sailors and an officer stood talking under the end of one silver wing. "Lieutenant Burton?" we asked. They pointed to a pair of screen doors across the hangar. Behind a door marked Command ing Officer, in an office overlooking the water, we found the lieutenant in a leather jacket. He rose, "Ethyl News? Glad to see you. Let me show you around." He took us first to the Operations Office, the nerve center of the sta tion. A bay window like a lighthouse overlooked the hangar apron and Floyd Bennett Field beyond it. On the other side one could see the ramp where seaplanes and amphib ians are towed up to the hangar. A white "crash boat" lay alongside. Across the room, one wall opened into the radio shack where two op erators were at their instruments, keeping in touch with other stations and with ships on flight, reporting on weather conditions as observed by Coast Guard pilots, and handling normal routine traffic. Next to the radio shack window hung a large map that covered the wall. The lieutenant put his finger on New York. "The New York Air Sta tion here is responsible now for pa trolling the Atlantic Coast from Nantucket down to Cape Fear.N.C. ETUYL AIBWS [6] ETC 22711 L VI Vr\ m \ i. AA- - >. * * yricr'r*-5 -* ?>V ^ sc'1 i>w,---v^c3j* .;!-,<>_. v--* "r * *\- '"**. * -,< *^-ViV'5.%' ' N i * **'*f./ Photo courtesy V. S. Coats Guard That's just a little below that bro The "News" reporter was taken up for a ride in one of these trim, well-be tenant. "The Coast Guard as a ,s mine extraction plant I've read haved Grumman JRF-2 amphibians. whole is a handy jack-of-all-trades. l- about--the one you people have at We've helped the Department of e Kure's Beach on the Cape Fear and up Chesapeake Bay. All our the Interior develop and settle some a River. That plant, with the big lake, work in the air, by the way, is co of the South Sea Islands, such as u is one of our landmarks." ordinated with our cutters or other Baker, Howland and Jarvis Islands. e l "The Coast Guard air arm is sort surface craft." When any inland district is para >- of a police patrol for the country's We asked about the land plane lyzed by storms or floods the Coast shore line," we suggested. we had noticed outside the hangar. Guard sets up communication and "That's right. Our air station here "That brings up a good point," rescue facilities. In experimental or d is a good example of most of the said the lieutenant. "Very few peo pioneer ocean flights. Coast Guard )- bases in the country. Right now ple know that our duties go beyond cutters have been spotted here and s, we're engaged in neutrality patrol guarding the coast. Any time the there along the course to give the IS over certain sections of the coast Ohio River Valley gets flooded we flyers radio bearings, weather infor which the Navy has assigned to us. hop out there. This station is mo mation and the like." Also, at this time of year we're kept bilized and fully equipped for such He then showed us a section of busy looking for unreported yachts service." last year's Treasury report. 115 and fishing boats which are lost or He moved his finger over the emergency medical cases trans overdue. Our work is pretty varied. mountain regions of the Mid-Atlan ported, 335 vessels and 2,000 people We're always looking for derelicts tic states. "Down here we fly around warned of impending danger, 950,- *11 and other obstructions to naviga frequently, looking for illicit distil 000 air miles cruised, over a thou -l- tion. In winter time we survey ice leries, for the Alcohol Tax Unit." He sand outlaw stills located, 87 dis a- conditions, working with our ice turned away from the map. abled vessels found--all by the 1939 :n breakers on Long Island Sound, on "Of course, I have told you only air fleet of 50 planes. The Coast the Hudson, the Delaware River about the air service," said the lieu Guard as a whole "rescued 10,000 JVLY-AVGUST 1940 [7] ETC 22712 people from peril," assisted "ves sels and cargoes worth 64 million dollars." We asked about locating lost boats. The officer took us to a long built-in desk with two or three maps fastened to it. He tapped the end of Long Island with a pencil. "Let's say a fishing party on a 50foot boat is long overdue at Montauk Point," he began. "They call us; we begin making calculations on one of these charts. Where was the boat last reported and how long ago? What speed was it making? In the region where the breakdown most probably occurred, where would the normal drift of ocean cur rents have carried it?" A circle is drawn outlining the most likely location of the lost boat. A Coast Guard cutter hurries to a point on that circle, where it has a rendezvous with a flying boat. The cutter then steams straight ahead on All in the day's work for the Coast Guard: A rough patch of weed grass, a tricky landing -- and this boy on a stretcher is taken from an isolated min ing community on the Mexican border bu the border patrol based at El Paso, Texas. a course through the middle of the most likely area, while the plane be gins to fly back and forth at right angles to the ship's course. The pilot will take his plane 5 or 10 miles, to the outside of the sector under search, turn and fly a few miles in the same direction the boat is going, then fly back across the entire area in the direction from which he origi nally came--still at right angles to the course of the cutter. The dis tance between each lane the pilot flies is governed by visibility condi tions. The cutter adjusts its speed so that it meets the plane each time their paths cross on this "gridiron" search pattern. Both keep in touch with each other by radio. When the plane finally locates the boat, the Coast Guard cutter is never more than a few miles away. Should there be any emergency medical cases aboard, the plane lands on the water and takes them ashore to a hospital. If the first search is not successful, officers at the home base will map out another sector and a new search begins. For a particularly difficult job two planes are used, their paths criss-crossing and the areas ob served overlapping. We asked about the business of playing air ambulance to emergency appendices or accident cases. Does it really have all the drama the newspapers give to it? "No," he an swered, but in his casual, matter-offact recital we found more excite ment than ever reaches the news columns. At the big Coast Guard hangar, ETHYL NEWS [8] sailors in blue dungarees will be go ministers first aid and makes his pa breathing thanks that there are men ing about their humdrum daily tasks tient comfortable as the pilot taxis and flyers like these. _ refueling motors, repainting a the bucking plane over to a dead For the men that fly Coast Guard patched wing, checking the pitch of spot in the water for a take-off. And planes stand proudly among the a propellor blade, or only sweeping in less than one hour from the first world's best trained pilots. To be a dust into a dust pan. Then, loud call for help, the injured seaman is commissioned officer vou train four speakers in all points of the building in an ambulance on his way to a hos years at the Coast Guard Academy & cut in: "All hands ... all hands!" In pital. . . . Not once, but many times in New London, Conn. Then, after a matter of seconds, doors are slam each year. studying navigation, gunnery and ming, men trotting to their posts as The Coast Guard is no fair weath the sea in general for three more, they pull on their hats. A big silver er service. The worse it is outside, you are eligible for specific aviation hulled amphibian is rolled out on the more chances there are of being training. There is a strict physical the line. A mechanic has started the called on some rescue mission. examination; if you pass, vou go to engines; they cough, bark, then When other planes are safe and dry the Naval Tir Training Base at Pen roar. Pilot and co-pilot stride from in their hangars, a huge Coast sacola, Florida, for a year of inten the ready-room, hitching their para Guard ship will clamly roar off into sive flying instruction. When vou chute harnesses. A pharmacist's the fog or sleet, to land on rough complete this course you will be a mate ducks into the plane with his waters you can barely see. They'll "Coast Guard aviator" with 350 solo first-aid box. The radio man, in ear come home with hulls battered and flying hours to your credit. You add phones, is at his set talking with the pontoons stove in--and with some more at an air station, or aboard one r- hangar for a last minute check-up. one strapped on a stretcher inside, of the cutters which carry a plane The pilot plays with his throttles and mixture controls a minute; chocks are cleared away and the ship lum bers down the ramp into the bay. Again the propellors roar; the ship L? gets under way and lifts into the air. Less than 10 minutes have elapsed. Say the hurry call has come from a small vessel 30 miles off the coast --"Seriously injured man on board. Request immediate assistance. S.S. Gloria." As the plane climbs and heads out to sea it radios the vessel for exact position. In less than a half hour another call goes out: "Lo cated Gloria. Ready to land." The steamer rolls on a chopping sea. Sailors standing at the bulwarks wave their hats as the co-pilot ges p tures out the window with his hand. h Heading into the wind with the en It gines throttled down, the flying boat KS dips to the water, skips over the first )- few waves and bumps solidly into succeeding crests as she settles. Cur )f tains of spray leap into the air and `V splatter from the propellors. A life boat is lowered from the ie Gloria with the injuredman strapped n- in a stretcher. A ticklish transfer is >f- managed; the pharmacist's mate ad- ~e- xs A pharmacist's mate from the New York Air Station tests the drinking water of a Rhode Island village after ir, the hurricane of 1938. S *U LY-AV GV ST 1940 [9] r-rtM 'V VP pi f/ ETC 22714 such as the Alaskan and Bering Sea patrol. Coast Guard officers were first given air training in 1916. although they have a stake in aviation that goes hack to Kitty Hawk, in 1903. The Wright brothers' hangar was built close to a Coast Guard station on the shore. When about to fly, they would hang out a red shirt and sailors from the station would help them put their plane on its track-- and recover it after each flight. An even tougher assignment than rescues at sea is "assistance" in time of a disaster inland. Indeed, in the southern part of the country where hurricanes most often strike. Coast Guard pilots have earned for them selves the same sort of grateful re spect that Candians feel for their "Mounties." Before a storm strikes, planes are at sea and over isolated areas dropping wooden blocks pre pared as special hurricane warnings. Afterwards, as soon as the storm begins to let up, pilots are back in the air making surveys of the devas tated areas, earning Red Cross and other relief officials, ferrying the sick, homeless and injured to safety, locating lost or stranded people. They drop food, medicine, warm clothing to victims of the storm. They carry doctors and serums to places that may be threatened with epidemics. They act as emergency communication units. If it should be a flood instead of a hurricane. Coast Guard planes and ground forces are again in the thick of things. It may be days before pilots and sailors get a night's sleep. Our head buzzed with all this "Easy Does It!" Ready to be hoisted aboard its cutter, this seagoing Curtiss biplane has just returned from a flight over the cold, mountain-bound inlets of Alaska on daily rounds of the seal and fisheries patrol. fresh information. It came as a welcome relief when the lieutenant looked at his watch and asked us to have lunch. In the ward room. five other young men in khaki summer uniforms waited at the table. We talked about the war, hoped the Germans wouldn't ruin the Folios Bergere. These were the men, we kept thinking, that did things von make movies out of--flving serum through a blizzard, landing by para chute flares somewhere in a havfield to bring a doctor to a child with fever. At the table they were just quiet, sun-tanned, competent voting Americans who might have gone out to lunch together from an office. When the Philippino mess bov served us ice cream bricks frozen with too much dry ice thev tapped it with their spoons and chuckled, "Case hardened." We were equally impressed with the atmosphere of business-like in- ' <i ETC 22715 formality among the officers and men. Not even the C.O. is referred to by his title; he is simply "Mr. Bur ton" or "the skipper." The officers call each other Jack and Fred and Bill; to the sailors they are "Mister." It is not like an army camp, where the click of heels fifty feet away warns you that an officer is ap proaching. When five men frequent ly have to spend the better part of a day inside the cabin of a plane, and may expect to spend the next five days together on a rubber life raft, things work out better that way. You get down to fundamentals -- which is the main business of the Coast Guard, at sea or in the air. Other Duties of tiie Coast Guard Icebreaking, in Great Lakes, Hud son River, Delaware River, Chesa peake Bay. Armed guard for Treasury Dep't. when moving silver bullion. Patrolling Mexican border. Cooperation with Customs officials and Narcotics bureaus. U. SI Lighthouse Service (now a part of Coast Guard). Intelligence work. Smuggling patrol. Hurricane warning blocks, to be dropped to small vessels without radios when a bad storm is coming. WS <JVLr-AUGVST 1940 [ II ] Food, water and medicine by para chute, dropped from a Waco cabin bi plane of the El Paso border patrol sta tion. Mesquite bushes on these Texas wastelands often make it difficult to locate the lost party Winter Iceberg patrol in North At lantic. Protective patrol for Alaskan fur bearing seals during the migrat ing season. Enforcement of Northern Pacific Halibut Fishery Act. Supervision of whale conservation. Enforcement of anchorage regula tions in harbors. Warning of fishermen and small craft offshore when hurricanes ap proach. Patrolling of regattas -- 443 of them in 1939. Photos b) Rudy Arnold titiiL tH'i" R ETC 22716  -H--. r i 'y Simple gas welding jobs are first on the program for students learning welding in Oil City high school's oil and gas vocational training depart ment, first of its kind. Later these stu dents will learn how to use electric welders. World's First Oil, Gas, Vocational School HE Oil City (Pennsylvania) in physics and chemistry are also in THigh School, the first in the cluded which cover such phenome world to adopt such a program, inson as the properties of metals and now conducting their initial classes fluids, the effect of heat and cold, in the rudiments of oil and gas pro and pressure, gasses and gas laws, duction and refining operations. The ferrous metallurgy, natural gasoline, curriculum based on suggestions by petroleum and its constituents, prop refining officials and production en erties and fractions. gineers calls for four semesters over The classes under Mr. Buckham a period of two years including are held in a special section of the 1,080 hours of shop work and a cor school set aside for the purpose responding number of hours in the which has been completely equipped related course of study. with the latest tools and other im Mr. Russell R. Buckham, former plements necessary for conducting chief chemist of the James B. Berry the course. Here will be found two ' Sons' Company, Inc., instructs the forges, four oxy-acetylene welding classes and has direct supervision of outfits, a gas cutting unit, two arc the course which includes pipe work, welding units of the Lincoln junior concrete work, gas cutting and weld ing, arc welding, heat treatment and forge work, and refining operations including oil testing. These subjects are related to and cover the princi pal phases of production and refin ery operation. The related course of study includes English, history, mathematics, science, drafting, phy sical education, supervised study and counselling. Advanced courses type, a pipe cutting and threading machine, drill press and apparatus used in testing oils. The oil testing equipment includes all the essen tials for routine tests, i.e., color, flash fire, pour viscosity, gravity, etc. The refining phases of the course will include the study of stills, pipe heaters, condensers, distillation units, wax presses, filters and set tlers. Knowledge of these subjects will be required both in the class room and during visits to refineries and gas leases. The safety factor in relation to the oil and gas industry will also be covered. A representative of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation addressed this year's class and through the incor poration of a single cylinder four cycle internal combustion engine, graphically showed the relative merits of different types of the gaso line fuels these young men will help to produce in the future. Mr. Buckham advises that he is well pleased with the results of his efforts to place boys of this year's graduating class with refineries in the Pennsylvania field. There can evidently be little doubt concerning the value of this new innovation in vocational training. A general view of the oil and gas de partment shows electric welding booths at the extreme left, the pipe table, the tool crib and oil testing equipment in the rear. Instructor Russell R. Buckham is discussing a problem with two stu dents at the left. ETC 22717 Dr. Graham Edgar, Vice-President Ethyl Gasoline Corporation and origi nator of the octane number scale, muses on the developments of the pe troleum industry as he inspects the diorama depicting the birth and growth of the oil business at General Motors Highways and Horizons Research Ex hibit at the New York World's Fair. General Motors Research at the New York World's Fair HE success of a great stage pro and increased employment may be Tduction may be traced to those expected. As one executive ex en whose efforts are made behind presses it, "The results of industrial the scenes. The public sees and research have provided more jobs judges results solely by the finished than any other private or public f product. Research, directed toward t- the discovery of new products and r- t methods and to the perfection of activity." At the New-York World's Fair, General Motors, has brought forth those already in use, plays the same part in modem industry as the un *' seen workers in the theater. Rarely does the public experience contact 7 ; with those who make the brilliant advances in sicence. Too often we consider the achieve ment of research to be purely mate- / rialistic and for profit. A broader" view of research reveals it to be the greatest source from which new jobs "Not volatility but octane content de termines the anti-knock value of fuel," points out Lecturer Edward R. Davies as he demonstrates engine perform ance with various grades of gasoline. some of the unseen actors and with them, the proof of their achieve ments. Many discoveries, startling as they may seem, have no practical value as yet, but it may not be long in the future before some scientist, through research, will adapt these discoveries to man's use. The progress of research in the development of fuels and engines is clearly shown at the Fair by the dem onstrating engine which responds immediately to a small addition of tetraethyl-lead in its gasoline by delivering more speed, power, and economy. Its big brother, an eight cylinder automobile engine, is shown in the Hall of Research op erating with glass cylinder heads to show combustion as it actually appears. More than 700,000 people have seen and heard the story of General Motors Research at the New York World's Fair since its re-opening in 1940. These people, having been be hind the scenes, so to speak, carry away with them a clearer picture of industrial research and of the tre mendous possibilities it holds in store for this and for future genera tions. JVIY-AVGVST 1040 [ *3 ] // ETC 22718 (; \ FTHYI Darkest Africa On Parade Photos tonnes) American Museum Natural History HEY'RE behind glass--or you'd ing their native habitats. For years Tfeel nervous standing so close a famous explorer named Carl Aketo them. Ten feet away a brute of laey had dreamed of showing people gorilla snorts and beats his fists in this country the animals of his against his chest. Over there a gi beloved "brightest Africa" in their raffe bends down to drink from a own backgrounds, living with their sandy water-hole; you wonder how own kind. Akeley Hall, opened in he gets the water to go up that amaz 1936, is the result of his plan. The ingly long neck. Standing in bamboo "habitat group" pictures on these clumps, or among tangled vines and pages are nearly all from that hall. shrubs, they don't look like stuffed The carefully built exhibits in animals. You even speak softly, as if Akeley Hall now preserve, for all they might come to life in a minute time, the, vanishing and beautiful and find you intruding. wildness of Africa. Along cool green Samba stags, giraffes, wild hunt marble passageways the series of ing dogs, baboons and great lizards habitat exhibits unfold a panorama from Komodo Island--they are all in of swamps, mountains, jungles and New York's American Museum of deserts .. . the land, the foliage and Natural History, mounted in groups the untamed creatures that live against elaborate backgrounds show there. Each is a work of art in itself. / above -- This great male gorilla, the head of a family, warns off another male. In the background is Mount Nirazonso, a landmark in the Kivu district at Anright-- Asiatic group showing a Sambar Deer standing off a pack of wild dogs. The Sambar is largest of the Indian deer; its size makes it an im portant source of food for hunting ani mals. The Wild Red Dog of India hunts in packs, sometimes 40 strong. ETHYL XEWS [ 14 ] etc 22719 at --right The waterhole in Africa is the crossroads of a jungle village. Mother, father and bahtj giraffe take their turns with a pair of Grant gazelles. The male keeps a sharp watch. An Oryx, rare species of gazelle with long black horns, comes in from the right. Behind him, in the distance, icaits a tribe of dog-faced baboons. below-- The Dragon Lizard of Komodo Island, largest lizard now on earth. A male lizard has just killed a wild boar. While his mate feeds on the warm body a larger male comes out of the jungle lese to make his challenge for it. Dragon Lizards are found only on Komodo and tall. adjacent small islands in the Dutch East Indies. These lizards reach a length of ten feet and weigh up to 250 pounds. WS l*V LY-AU GV ST 1940 [ IJ] Z ETC 22720 i J MZ- above--Two Bongo--handsomest cousins of the antelope family--enter the cool shadows of a bamboo grove in the mountains of northwestern Kenya. Ferns and orchids grow profusely underfoot. at the right--A family of baboons watch a Klip-springer, a specialized rock antelope. Terrain is the rocky, hilly coun try of Lucania, Kenya, in the east of Africa. below--A typical south African group shows such types of antelopes as the Springbok, Blesbok and White-tailed Gnu. Decades ago the Gnu and Blesbok roamed the grassy veldt; today they exist only in semi-domesticated herds on a few / grou a fir Ho ETHYL yews [ I<5 ] ETC 22721 ivi v- ' / This ten-ton mobile laboratory demon strates modern fire-fighting technique after ground has been flooded with oil and gasoline. Fire-Fighting Show Tours Country ARBON dioxide is the gas that "snow" at a temperature of 110 de C puts the pop in soda pop. In grees below zero, and the fire is ex 'solid form it is known as "dry-ice.t"inguished in 10 or 12 seconds. What ^But if you want to smother a roaring happens is that the snow turns to gasoline or electrical fire, you take a gas, cuts off the fire's oxygen supply, cylinder full of it and discharge a and the flames die. Fire, like a hu "snowstorm" over the flames. Your man being, just can't live without fire is out! oxygen. Scientists who developed this Other types of fires are smothered unique dry method of smothering by the Kidde engineers who pull all , fires were spurred by the fact that manner of equipment from ' their j fires in combustible liquids and elec- laboratory to duplicate industrial ; trical equipment were a growing fire hazards. For example, a section ' threat, and water rarely works on of twe]ve-foot wall has blazing gaso these blazes. Gasoline can bum line pouring down from the top-- ; fiercely in a high pressure water the type of fire which occurs in over stream, and electrocution is a con flowing tanks. A portable house be stant danger when a live electric line comes an inferno as pans of oil are grounds itself through the body of touched off. Fires are started in a fireman holding a hose. A non- , conducting gas seemed the best method of fighting these fires. How does it work? Let's watch a test of the dry-ice snow as staged by engineers of Walter Kidde and . Company of New York, whose ten- ton mobile laboratory is now on a nation-wide educational junket to . demonstrate modern fire - fighting ; techniques. The Kidde experts flood the ground with oil and gasoline, 1 ignite it, and boldly step up to the * wall of flame with a bullet-shaped i steel cylinder holding the gas under pressure. Out roars a blizzard of broken equipment, boat bilges and various chemicals. But the chemical blizzard kills the last flame in 10 to twenty seconds. Another feature of the snow-gas is that it will not hurt humans or ani mals, and does not even damage delicate fabrics. French fried po tatoes are just as tasty after a fire in the fat-kettle has been snuffed out with the gas, and the snow evapo rates in a few seconds from skin or clothing. Of course, if one stays too long in a room flooded with the gas he has trouble in breathing, but other than this, the vapor is as harm less as air. Fires in airplane motors, yachts, cargo ships and in factories can also be smothered by built-in carbon dioxide systems. The demonstration truck carries an extremely heavy load of equip ment besides the steel carbon diox ide cylinders and the load of several hundred pounds of compressed gas. Fueled exclusively with Ethyl Gaso line, it has performed perfectly on its grueling tour. Ethyl Clinics and Laboratories throughout the coun try are equipped with the Lux port able extinguishers. How England smothers incendiary bomb fires with Lux. Courtesy Belfast News-Letter Photo ilULY-Al'GVST 19 10 L1 <6 ETC 22722 Aerial view of Chanute Field, Rantoul, Army Air Corps "Men Behind the Pilot III., with new construction area (lower right) shoicing the mammoth hangars and 2200-men barracks. Structure di HANUTE FIELD, the Home of The time required to complete a rectly to left of barracks is the new. the Air Corps Technical School course varies, depending upon the three-story hospital. at Rantoul, 111., is the key instruc nature of the subject. The radio re tion center in the Corps' Expansion pairmen and operators courses re ing these specialty courses. The Program. A rehabilitated Chanute quire six months as does the one for carburetor, propeller, electrical and Field is rapidly springing up and by airplane mechanics. Certain other instrument students must have grad 1941 the total personnel of the field courses for specialists, however, are uated from the airplane mechanics will number over 5,000 enlisted men from four to six weeks duration. class and the Link-Trainer course is and officers. There are,furthermore, certain elegi- open only to selected graduates Perhaps relatively few people bility requirements for those taky' from the radio repairer - operator realize the scope and magnitude of group. this undertaking. Previous to the With eighty to ninety percent of Expansion Program, the maximum them applying, the most popular output of trained technical special course is the airplane mechanics. ists for any given year never ex But naturally all cannot become me ceeded 900 men. During 1940 and chanics since a favorable balance 1941 the schedule contemplates the must be maintained for the proper training of over 13,000 technicians functioning of the School as well as at the Chanute Field Branch of the to fulfill the requirements of the Air Corps Technical School alone. tactical units of the Air Corps. For This will necessitate stepping up these basic reasons, all applicants, activities to accommodate over sev prior to their assignment to one of en and one-half times the School's the courses--must appear before the previous record output. The curricu Trade Test Department of the ACTS lum of the Air Corps Technical for examination. These tests deter School embraces all phases of vital mine three things: (a) Is the appli importance to aviation maintenance; cant capable of completing the airplane mechanics, radio repair men and operators, aircraft welders, aircraft machinists and metal work ers and numerous other specialists, such as propeller and electrical ex perts, parachute riggers and LinkTrainer specialists. Flying the Link-Trainer which is able to duplicate the maneuvers of an air plane. Even though it never leaves the pedestal, it has proven invaluable to the Army Air Corps since it permits blind - flying conditions without the hazards of actual flight Photo Courtesy of U.S. Army Air Corps course in the limited time allowed? (b) In which course should he be entered? (c) Is he likely to graduate and secure his diploma? Applicants for enlistment in the Army Air Corps have been of unusually high calibre as only 4% of all men apply* rii ETHYL SEWS [ 18] ETC 22723 c \ c i E r a t t r c C mil, iver l<m di- mo. The and radnics se is ates ator it of i liar : lies, ineance oper -11 as the For ants, ie of the ,CTS cterppli- the wed? e be luate cants Air high pply- i ws ; The curriculum of the Air Corps Tech' nical School embraces all phases vital : to aviation maintenance. A class in air craft welding give close attention to this important detail. jng for enlistment at Chanute Field have been rejected for failure to meet the Trade Tests requirements. To the Air Corps this program offers a method of securing qualified specialists. To Civil Aviation it will provide an influx of skilled workers when and if these men leave the Service and seek employment with in the industry. To National De fense it provides a means of securing a trained reserve. At one point in its history, Cha nute Field was on the verge of being abandoned as it was considered of little value to the Air Corps but the School authorities made out a strong case and won their point. The ad vance in aviation, the complexities of modern design and the increase r in the technical equipment have more than justified the decision to retain the Technical School. Today a new station is rising on the site of the war-time structure. A modern barracks to accommodate 2200 is |; rapidly nearing completion and a central heating plant is in operation. Concrete roads and walks checker tTHYL NEWS PH3I0 board the area. Two new school buildings and hangars, the most ad vanced type in the Army, are in operation with an additional struc ture to be completed in the near fu ture. A modern hospital of 120-bed capacity is ready for occupancy. Warehouses, paved aprons, quar ters, sewerage, water and lighting system and numerous other installa tions go to make up the enlarged A special course in parachute rigging is part of the curriculum and these men will become specialists in that nec essary branch of aviation. 23. physical plant of the ACTS and Chanute Field. The Air Corps Technical School is one of the finest installations of its type in the world. The students are able to work with the latest and best equipment available to the aeronautical industry. Upon gradu ation, they are assigned to their home stations to take their place on the flying-line, with the realization that they are at last an important cog in the organization which keeps the Army Air Corps' planes aloft-- one of the "men behind the pilots." '*VLr-AUGVST 1940 [9] f' aiPJ hfU iJO-r*/-*i n!-o 1 1 i- 1/7 rv* ^ ETC 22724 Ethyl Plays Important Role in Some idea of the educational ad vantages of the Clinic may be se Preparedness cured from this recent interesting development. MERICA'S defense require- Lt. Col. Thompson, U.S.A., then A.ments for skilled mechanics to commanding officer at Normoyle maintain aircraft and mechanizedQuartermaster Depot, said: "These land units will be filled largely from Clinics have been the best educa the nation's garages and service sta tional asset that it has been my tions. John G. Martin, national di pleasure to ever witness. A detailed rector of Motor Clinics for the Ethyl report thereon is being furnished Gasoline Corporation, predicted re the War Department." cently in addressing members of the The training of mechanics to be Army officers of one of the South American Governments, on a visit to this country, attended a Clinic meet ing, and returned to their countrv with such glowing reports that the Government in question is now ne gotiating for the purchase of a com plete Clinic to be used in training officers and privates in their Armv. Autotmotive Engine Rebuilders As motor tune-up experts has been a While the expressed intention of sociation in annual convention at St. worthy objective from the viewpoint that Government is to utilize the Louis. A plane can be kept in the air only with the aid of a competent ground crew, including expert mechanics, and the need for highly trained tune-up men soon will be recog nized, he told the convention. of improving the efficiency and com fort of America's business and pleas ure vehicles, and now to this may be added the patriotic motive of helping prepare mechanics for tuneup and repair service in our national defense program. Clinic primarily for training mem bers of the air corps and the mech anized units, it is understood that, as time permits, other groups will be sent into the Clinic for an im provement of all-around technical knowledge. About 25,000 of the 800,000 so- called "mechanics" in automobile garages and service stations are sufficiently competent to become skilled in the tune-up and repair of aviation motors, with only brief Mid-Continent's Sales Campaign Covers 17 States training. While there is a great dif ference between automobile and aviation motors, the engineering principles are fundamentally the same, and the present corps of auto motive mechanics is the only large body of skilled men that could be trained quickly for aviation tune-up service. The Army's interest in tune-up for military equipment is evident by the arrangements for the Clinics conducted recently near San Anto nio, Texas, for cadets at the "West Point of the Air" and the motor vehicle maintenance personnel. Ap proximately 5,000 officers. Flying Cadets in final training, enlisted men, and civilian aircraft experts attended meetings. The Clinic equipment was installed in the quar termaster's depot and the command ing officers issued orders for the attendance of interested personnel. An account of these meetings ap peared in the February 1940 issue of the "Ethyl News" at which time EYNOTE of Mid-Continent Pe- sound motion picture, "Performance K. troleum Corporation's spring Plus," was shown as an interlude to and summer sales campaign in 17the stage play entitled "Double in Central States was sounded at a Diamond." series of 26 spectacular dinner-pro The second stage performance of gram meetings during April and the sales meeting program was en May. More than 10,000 Diamond titled "Roll Out the Barrel," and this sales representatives and D-X Job was an interesting skit which dwelt bers and Dealers attended the meet on the growing importance of the ings to hear R. W. McDowell, Tulsa, farm market for the sale of Diamond Diamond's vice-president in charge Products. Interspersed with special of sales, challenge Diamondmen ty entertainment numbers by tal everywhere to push aggressively for ented artists, both plays were well new business during the year. received and the Diamond sales Introduction of Mid-Continent's meetings were judged by all who spring and summer advertising and attended them to be the best in the sales promotion plans was the pur company's history. pose of the meetings which started Each of the meetings was organ April 11th at Oklahoma City and ized along the same general lines; concluded at Milwaukee, May 15th. dinner at six o'clock at a principal The 1940 sales promotion story was hotel in one of the 26 key cities; the told through medium of two com sparkling entertainment revue fea plete stage shows with a cast of pro turing Janice and Marlyn Malone fessional actors from Tulsa, Milwau and Helen MacFarland; a short in kee, Kansas City, Detroit and Chi termission for the clearing of the cago. During the course of the eve room and then the keynote talk bv ning's program Diamond's new Mr. McDowell. ETBYL 2VE* [ 20 ] ETC 22725 Lake Washington's Floating Bridge Ready for Service !1(*- in- te '*l v, of the mch- rn uit, vill mcal TWO magnificent bridges have The new floating bridge which crosses ject when he realizes each of the just been completed in the Pa Lake Washington cuts 14 miles off the standard pontoons is 350 feet long, cific Northwest which already are ^attracting world-wide interest. It is route between Seattle and the east ern part of the state. Construction is unique in engineering history as it is 60 feet wide and weighs 4,558 tons-- literally a "piece of 4-lane highway" nee anticipated that they will inaugu composed of 25 huge concrete pon floating in the middle of the lake. to rate a new era of transportation in toons securely bolted together and an The anchors alone, of which there in Washington. chored in the lake. At the far side, or are 64, and which are jetted into the On July .2nd and 3rd the entire state joined in dedicating the Lake eastern end, is the road crossing Mer cer Island and thence on to eastern Washington. At near end is the passage clay bottom of the lake on either side of the bridge in 200 feet of Washington Floating bridge at Se for small boats while the great floating water, weigh 65 tons apiece. The attle and the Narrows Bridge at draw span may be seen in the distance pontoons were constructed in grav Tacoma, both outstanding feats of toward the other shore. ing docks 21 water miles from the engineering and landmarks of the of the entire expenditure has been bridge site and floated to the scene progress being made in that section. for local materials and supplies pro through Puget Sound and through A structure not duplicated else duced within the State of Washing the Lake Washington Canal Locks. where in the world is the unique ton and for local, labor and super At both ends of the structure pro Lake Washington bridge spanning vision. An average expenditure of vision is made for passage of small that superbly beautiful body of water and bringing Seattle 14 miles closer to the hinterland of Eastern Washington, separated from it by the Cascade Mountains. The total cost of the structure was approxi mately $9,000,000. To expedite the work and to pro vide for substantial completion by June 30th, 1940, the project was divided into 11 units and that num ber of contracts let. Unique in con struction undertakings of this nature und size is the fact that at least 90% more than $16,000 was made every day during the 18-month period of construction. Most of the time more than 3,000 workmen were occupied either directly on the job or behind the lines producing and manufac turing materials. This remarkably designed struc ture, floating on the surface of Lake Washington, is composed of 25 con crete pontoons rigidly anchored to gether--10 standard sections and 15 special sections. One can get an idea of the tremendous size of the pro boats under the approach spans. Near the Mercer Island end of the bridge is a floating draw span pon toon, the largest in the entire struc ture, which can be drawn back to provide a 200-foot opening for large boats. A considerable part of the project is the lengthy approaches on the East side over Mercer Island and that into Seattle through a 1466foot long twin bore tunnel. The total length, including the approaches at both ends and the bridge, is 6.44 miles. IV* yi'I.Y-APCPST 1940 [ a* 3 ETc 22726 N Ethyl's 1940 Students Complete Training Y>v Merrill J. Anderson John D. Bailie HE 1940 class of the Ethyl the Seattle Sales Division and Ar TTraining Course marked the thur S. Brown with the Atlanta Sales completion of its year's programDivision. with an informal dinner June 13th Four members of the class were at the Book-Cadillac in Detroit, and assigned to vacancies in the organi the graduating members are now at zation before the course was com permanent posts in the Sales and pleted. The assignments were: Engineering Departments. Douglas B. Blackburn to the Ethyl Company officials from New York unit of the General Motors Parade and Detroit welcomed the new of Progress; Donald W. Bell to the Ethylmen into the permanent organ Kansas City sales division; Elmer L. ization and announced the assign Tandrup to the Chicago Sales Divi ments. sion; and William ft. Gall to the Five engineers are stationed in Medical Department. Detroit. They are Merrill J. Ander R. R. Faller, in charge of the son, single cylinder engine research; Training Course, presided at the John D. Bailie and James M. Mason, dinner at which thirty were present. dynamometer department; Edwin Harry Kaley, Sales Manager, A. Desmond, ignition and spark plug sounded the keynote of the evening research; and Arthur E. Huffman, in welcoming the engineers in train road testing. Fitz J. Bridges is with ing to permanent places in the Ethyl Donald W. Bell organization and R. L. Jordan, Di rector of Field Personnel, announced the various assignments to the Sales Division. The need for further fundamental research in the automotive and pe troleum industries was discussed by Earl Bartholomew, Director of En gineering Research. "Industry has become complex," Mr. Bartholomew said. "In the early days it was easy for one man to be acquainted with all phases of engineering, but now a man must confine his efforts to a smaller phase of research." C. D. Hawley, Assistant Director of Engineering Research, announced assignments to the Engineering De partment. The class just graduated is com posed of engineering school stu- Fitz J. Bridges 'J Arthur S. Brown ETIIVL NEWS [22] ETC 22727 V Edwin A. Desmond James H. Mason dents graduated from college in 1939 and began the Ethyl Training Course in July of last year. The new / William R. Gall 1941 class finished engineering school last June and began their Training Course in July. The course is designed to acquaint the students with the functions of the company and the relation of fuels and engines to the company's products. Seniors in mechanical en gineering are selected for the course and annual enrollment is limited to the number of places expected to be available in Engineering and Sales Departments when the course is completed. The engineers in training work with members of the regular re search staffs at the Detroit and San Bernardino laboratories, studying engineering projects. This is supple- Arthur E. Huffman Elmer L. Tandrup /mented by instruction in the work of the Sales Department as well as the other activities of the Corporation. Adding Up the Score Continued from page 3 Thus the paternalistic system of government has brought, and must -bring, all of the people of a nation completely under the power of one man (or one group of men) who must force all of them to give up their individual personal rights and . to submit to orders regarding their personal actions, thoughts, and ex pressions. That one man may be a good man, but he is merely human, and he can make mistakes. Or he may be a bad man. In either case, he must grant great powers to hun dreds of assistants who, at best, are only ordinary people who may be selfish and may make mistakes; but who may, in some instances, use the absolute power of government to rob those who are helpless, and to persecute those who complain. The competitive democratic sys tem of society, as it has been applied in America, is comparatively cum bersome. It gets things done slowly, and permits of considerable ineffi ciency. It allows opportunity for in justice while business leaders and statesmen seek means for improve ment. Yet it gives every man and woman the freedom to say what they please, to work where they please when jobs are available, to go into business for themselves if they wish, and to do all of these things without fear of political per secution, concentration camps, or firing squads. When the score is added up, the competitive democratic American system, with all of its imperfections, has given the employes of this coun try more necessities, and more lux uries, than are enjoyed by the peo ple of any other nation in the world. 1ULY-AUGUST 1940 [23] ETC 22728 , /Annual Ethyl-Agency Golf Party lust before the afternoon round on the first tee--Henry Canda, Lex Chiquoin, Tom Ronan and Russ Weston. lust to prove it was beautiful weather-- a scene on the first tee. After the battle--Lex, Coard and Bob Iordan on the porch. Thursday, June 20th, the an nual Ethyl-B. B. D. & O. golf tournament was held at the Greenwich Country Club at Greenwich, Connecticut. True to the tradition that has been built up for the many years this match has been played the weather was perfect. About thirty-five Ethyl and agency men played twenty-seven holes of golf and enjoyed the excel lent luncheon and dinner pro vided by the club. Following dinner prizes were presented and then came the usual unre liable reports on the political situation by Bob Jordan and Becky Sharpes. The big prizes went to Lou Volz, Bill Heggen and Arnold Webb of Ethyl and Ted Schumaker and Ernie Don ohue of the agency. The special prize for the most work went to Ed Downs of Ethyl who hit or tried to hit the ball one hun dred and eightyrnine times for eighteen holes. Loder in the foreground -- President Earle Webb and Henry Canda on the bench. Paul McElroy and Harry Kaley show how it should be done. .I s I c a f' ic 1 - t t F ( P n v ii ti ii t; Coard Taylor takes a cut at the ball. Roy Goltz playing in the sand. Russ Schell picks off a dandelion. ETHYL XEWS [ 24] 9 t / / ' | I yGroup Entry Wins "Ethyl News" Photo Contest %J JlOW ONTESTANTS at the Baton C Rouge Plant won first place in the "Ethyl News" photographic con test, results of which have just been announced. Because of the restric tions placed on the taking of pictures at the Plant, a number of the em ployees there banded together and submitted their entries as a group. From this collection of photographs & one was awarded the blue ribbon-- a view of the Baton Rouge Manu facturing Plant which is reproduced on the second cover of this issue. Aside from its technical excellence, the picture shows interesting com position and good contrast. Soft, banked clouds in the background keep this from being just another industrial picture. Second and third places went respectively to Charles 0. White, Los Angeles and C. D. Boehme of the Dayton Division. Over 200 pictures were submitted; several showed imagination or artis tic and technical merit worthy of professionals. Some contestants mounted series of pictures in albums which told a story, such as "A Day Second Prize: "One at a time in a rope sling" is the prize-winning entry of Charles O. White, Los Angeles Safety Engineer. A drum of fluid is on its way into the hold of a Luckenback freighter. A "busy" picture, full of detail and. action, with strong human interest. in the Life of a Field Representa tive" by R. W. Richardson. Others indulged in intricate photo-mon- 'W MnwpNfiinniF; went Third Prize: "Gallonage Seat" one of several interesting and imaginative entries, this one by C. D. Boehme, General Rep resentative in the Dayton Division. Besides this symbolic view of a tractor seat, Mr. Boehme entered an excellent photo-montage of scenes from a fieldman's day. *VIY.AUGUST 104 0 f *5l Two comely stenographers in the New York Office pause to look at some of the many pictures submitted. Elizabeth Cheldon is discussing her "first choice" with Josephine Nelsen, who seems to prefer one of the albums submitted. ETC 22730 NEWSBRIEFS Esther L. Staplev, who has joined the Administration Department as secretary to Mr. Gonzalez, is a na tive of Bridgeport, Conn. She is a graduate of Vassar College and spent her Junior year at Stanford University, California. In preparation for entering the business world, Esther took the Katharine Gibbs Secretarial course for college women. Before coming to Ethyl she held the position of secretary to the Vice President of Platt-Forbes for two years. Short story writing is one of her favorite pastimes but at the moment she is very busy with Red Cross refugee knitting. Shirley Joffrion is employed as sten ographer in the Technical Divis ion at the Baton Rouge plant. She graduated with a B.S. degree in Commerce from Louisiana State University in 1939. A verv belated report has reached us from the Baton Rouge Gasoline Testing Labora tory, of the arrival several months ago of a bouncing bov in the home of the Guy Kellers. Although the young hopeful will bear the name of Ronald Joseph, we un derstand he is already known as "Ronnie" by his intimates. oo On July 9th, 1940, Master John Joseph Donahue entered this world weighing 6 lbs. 14 ozs. He is the son of Mr. and Mrs. Guy B. Donahue (N. Y. Div.) of Haverstraw, New York, and brings the total of "little blessings" in that family, up to four. However, Master John Joseph has the dis tinction of being the first son. Congratula tions, Guv and Mrs. Donahue! Matalie F. Rvland came to Ethyl as a stenographer at the Baton Rouge manufacturing plant May 6th. She was bom in Co lumbia, Louisiana andattended busi ness college in Little Rock, Ar kansas. On May 1st, Mil- We take pleasure ton F. Williams, in presenting Miss Jr., was hired as Jeanne C. Parme- chemist in the con- lee who recently trol laboratory joined the Deep ( Baton Rouge). water Division of Williams received our Manufactur his education at ing Department. Tulane University Jeanne attended in New Orleans and formerly held the position of re search assistant with Rodessa Oil & Refin William and Mary College and is a graduate of the Goldey Business College in Wilmington. ing Company at Shreveport, La. Delaware. Prior to coming with Ethvl she was associated with the Crescent Public Service, Wilmington, Del. The growth of the Manufacturing Department con We understand that Jeanne is an ac complished dancer and also plays a fair game of badminton. tinues with the recent addition of Luke J. Governale Stephen N. Hall was employed to the ranks of the June 5th as chem Deepwater Divis ical engineer in ion. Steve joined the Technical Di our Ethyl organi vision at Baton zation in the ca Rouge. He was pacity of a control bom in Patterson, chemist immediately after his graduation Louisiana, and is from the University of Delaware on June 3rd. While in scliool he was an active member of the Marksman Club. Aside from keeping up his proficiency with rifle and pistol, Steve utilizes his leis ure hours yachting on the Chesapeake. a graduate of Louisiana State University. Luke was formerly associated with the Shadyside Sugar Company in Franklin, Louis/iana. / Congratulations to Charlie and Mrsf Welch on the arrival of their first-bom, a A newcomer to husky boy weighing 8 pounds 14)1 ounces. the Engineering Charles Michael will be the name of this Laboratory in De new member of the Ethyl Infantry who troit is William made his entrance into this world on June Flanigan. 22nd. Pappy Welch is a member of the Kansas City Division and makes his home He was born in Rochester, Michi in Denver, Colorado. gan and was edu cated at the grade We welcome to the Chemical Re search Labora tory, Kaye B. Har- gie. He graduated schools and Roch ester High School. He has had a number of years experience with automobile agencies and, prior to joining the Ethyl family, was with the Rebuilt from Portland Motor Service, Inc., of Detroit. High School in Michigan in June 1937 and entered Antioch College in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Under the Antioch Cooperative Program Kaye worked for W. A. Hammons-Drierite in Yellow Springs, Antioch College and the H & S Pogue Company of Cincinnati. It is with this same program that he is now working for us in alternate ten week periods. He is also working for a degree in the combined Elmer A. Wise, a recent addition to the Tulsa Gaso line Testing Labo ratory, has been with the Mainte nance Depart ment since last February. He is a native Tulsan and fields of Chemistry and Business Admin istration with the intention of doing grad joined the Ethyl family on a per uate work in chemistry at a university. manent basis as of June 15th. ETtlYE XEWS [ 26 ] ETC 22731 O th to e sf 13 A d P ir k ShadyLouis- various joining Rebuilt 'J Word has just reached us from the Chem ical Research Laboratory in Detroit, of the arrival on April 30th. of young Master Peter Soroos. He is the son of Dr. and Mrs. Harold Soroos, to whom we extend our rather belated congratulations. Sidney Blitzer. who came to the Chemical Research Laboratory the first of the year from Baton Rouge, to carry on some spe cial research work in Detroit, is returning to Baton Rouge to continue his work in the new Chemical Laboratory there. Viale M. Fontenot was employed on a temporary basis April 9th. as clerkin the office of the ethyl chloride di vision at the Ba ton Rouge plant. His employment became perma nent June 1st. On Saturday, June 1st, Frances Cooper of ' the Chicago Division office was married to Mr. James Seaton at the home of her parents in Conrad, Iowa. Immediately fol lowing the reception, the couple left for a short honeymoon trip to Denver, Colo rado. We extend to Frances and Jim our very best wishes for their happiness. f Arthur Hugh Mid' ' dleton was em- ployed as chemist in the tetraethyl lead control labo ratory at Baton Rouge June 5th, P 1940. He is a graduate of Louisr iana State Univer sity, having reJpceived his degree ft in Chemical Engineering this past term. [Harold Eugene "Butch") Jacobs, 11 months old, took second place |rt the Grand ^Championship bafcby contest held April 22nd and K23rd by the United ^Spanish War Vet erans Auxiliary. |Entered in the ^Contest were about one hundred babies from Baton Rouge and vicinity. : The judges considered beauty, health popularity in making the award. Butch" has large blue eves and is quite husky. He is the son of H. H. Jacobs, oper ator in the ethyl chloride division at the jEBatan Rouge plant. 111 Frank H. Patton was employed April 29th as millwright at the ethyl chloride plant. 12) George D. Owston was hired as a painter at the ethyl chloride plant on May 2nd. (3] Drurv L. Svnder is a millwright helper at the ethyl chloride plant. All three are at the Baton Rouge plant. Hubert X. Wax was employed May 27th as clerk in the main office at the Baton Rouge plant. He was born in Baton Rouge and at tended Louisiana State University. The Following Service Awards have been made as of July 1st, 1940 10 YEARS Robert W. Adams Gasoline Testing, San Bernardino Karl Beaver Engineering, Detroit James E. Boudreau Sales, Chicago Naomi C. Fowser Manufacturing, Deepwater Harold J. Gibson Engineering, Detroit N. Bond Hedden Sales, Chicago John S. Wintringham Engineering, San Bernardino 5 YEARS E. Arnold Webb Administration Eugene J. Ziurys Engineering, Detroit August 1st, 1940 10 YEARS William H. Sievert, Jr. Sales, Los Angeles Gilbert Matthews Chemical Research Earl C. Currier, of Woodside.Xew York, joined the Ethyl family the latter part ot June, as an Accountant in the Administra tion Department. He graduated from Rider Col lege with a Bach elor of Accounts degree. Earl's business experience includes four years as Accountant for Continental Bak ing Corporation, four years with Gulf Oil Corporation and Traveling Auditor for the Petroleum Heat and Power Company. His favorite form of diversion is fishing. We welcome to the Ethyl family, Emily A. Carpen ter who joined the Safety Depart ment staff as of July 1st. Emily attended the Rus sell Sage College and prepared for her business ca- . reer at Columbia University School of Business. Her birth place and residence are in the state of New Jersey; the former being Passaic and the latter. Upper Montclair. F. D. Atktmtm NEW APPOINTEES AT BATON ROUGE PLANT Word comes to us from the Manufacturing Department at Baton Rouge, of the ap pointment of two new department heads for the recently organized Technical Divi sion. The Engineering group will be headed by F. D. Atkinson (see "Ethyl News" Jan. 1940) while the Chemical branch will be under the supervision of R. S. Asbury ("Ethyl News" Jan. 1938). ETC 22732 "Dad, what will cars be like when I grow up?" NO ONE MAN, no one organization, no one industry can answer that ques tion. The development of the car of the future is in the hands and minds of many men in many industries. Designers of engines and engine parts. Specialists in fuels, metals, cera mics, plastics. Petroleum technolo gists--all play their part in the con stant evolution of motor cars, trucks, buses, tractors and airplanes. To help these men combine their efforts toward common goals the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation contributes the cooperation of its chemical and en gineering research laboratories. The laboratories have their headquarters in Detroit with a special road-testing department at San Bernardino, Cali fornia. Here vehicles may be tested the year round under varying climatic will travel on a gallon. But there is conditions on an almost infinite vari little doubt in their minds that the ety of roads, over mountains, deserts progress of the next ten years will far and valleys. Supercharging, super exceed that of the last ten; that the compression and other developments car your boy will drive will make even involving the mutual improvement of today's splendid machines seem hope fuels and engines are tested both in lessly old-fashioned. the laboratory and on the road. For the engine and its fuel must go forward hand in hand; the two are inseparably interlocked. Knowledge gained from this research is available H *< Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, Chrysler Building, Xcw York City, manufacturer ofanti-knockfluids used by oil companies to technologists in every branch of to improve gasoline. the automotive,aviation,and refining industries. Informed men hesitate to predict exactly how future cars will look; whether their Better and more economical transportation through engines will be in front or rear; how many miles they ETHYL RESEARCH ETC 22733 * tj f || ' ill Logger's homeward hound in the evening shadows ofa Douglas Firforest [see story on page 12- ETC 22735 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDINC NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON NORTHROP CLAREY. Jr. Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J-` Costello F. Cronin Atlanta Baltimore B. Jones Boston A. Wyrick Chicago A. Tully Dayton D. Flynn Kansas City R. Goltz New York M. Murdock Los Angeles C. Naylor Seattle L. Huxtable Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ethyl news" or ethyl gasoline corpo ration UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 9 Patriotism-1940 Model WO young lieutenants in the Navy recruiting station were talking Tthings over after a hard day. They lighted cigarettes and loosened the collars of their stiff white uniforms. "What a mob!" said one of them. "Look at that pile of applications on my desk." "I've got a pile just as big," said the other. "Jack, what the blazes brings them in here so? Hundreds of them every day--waiting two or three days outside on a bench for a chance to have some pharmacist's mate send them home because they weigh ten pounds more than the book says, or their hair's too thin?" The one called Jack puffed on his cigarette and answered slowly. "It's patriotism, that's what it is, George. Patriotism. We haven't recognized it yet because it's just getting started. In 1917 a pretty girl would go kiss soldiers on a train just because they were going off to camp. That's patriot ism at the hysteria point--mob psychology. That won't come for some time yet. We're just getting started--but we're on the way. You can see it." "How?" "It's in the air, George." The lieutenant gestured with his cigarette. "You can feel it, like rain coming. Go in this workman's bar across the street, and when the boys get to the singing stage they put a nickel in the phonograph and play Kate Smith and all sing God Bless America. It's our new national anthem--one we picked out ourselves. Go in the dime store, and what are the girls buying? American flags on pins; bandannas with the Star-Spangled Banner on them. The biggest item in Woolworth's today is a blue flag on a gold cord, two for a quarter--`We're Proud to Be Americans!' " "True enough," said George. "And you can see it right up the line." The young officer warmed up to his subject. "Right up the line! Last Saturday a girl took me to a clambake at one of those swank beach clubs in Westchester where even the bellhops wear gold braid like an admiral. About eight o'clock, half-way through the lobster, the flag comes down and they fire a salute with one of these little brass regatta cannons. Last year some one yelled Don't shoot, I'll marry your daughter, and they all had a good laugh. This year they stood up and watched the flag going down, and the first thing you know they were sing ing the Star-Spangled Banner. Nobody knew the words, but they all went dum-de-dum in a good loud voice and sent up a cheer after." The other officer had been following his own line of thought. "It's a funny kind of patriotism. Jack--our own, home-grown kind. None of the people Continued on page 8 In This Issue Patriotism--1940 Model Color-Blind Aviators See Camouflage Sulphur: Man's Friend Lumbering in Pacific Northwest Petroleum's New Job Magnetic Hill 20th Birthday of Coast to Coast 8 Point Nat'l Security Program Airway Minneapolis Aquatennial Nat'l Inventors Council Merritt Parkway This Month's Cover Tractors Aid Conservation of Snow Fluid Drive Tests Student Class of '41 Baton Rouge Activities Service Awards Columbia's File of Recordings Newsbriefs ETC 22736 HKLWPfOFILE^ Sulphur: Man's Friend for Forty Centuries T'vOWN through the ages that evil s17 smelling, nauseous tasting sub stance we know as sulphur, has in trigued and benefited mankind. With it the ancients dispelled evil spirits, the Chinese produced gun powder, Egyptians bleached their fabrics, artists made paints, alchem ists tried to make gold with it. We moderns use it in prepared foods; agriculture is dependent on it; and industry requires it in countless ways. It is probable that in prehis toric times our early ancestors who lived comfortably in their caves and jungles first stumbled upon the won der-worker we call sulphur. We can picture them even daubing luminous "Home Sweet Home" signs over the rockv entrances to their abodes. From ancient writings we learn that sulphur was used 2,000 years before the Christian era by pagan priests in weird ceremonials, for its bright, almost ethereal light blue flame and pungent odor gave it an important role in temple sacrifices and purification rites. The first commercial sulphur came Air view of Port Sulphur showing town of ISO homes for employees, recrea tional facilities and well equipped hos pital and school. Back of the town (at the left) are reservoirs from which clean water is pumped eight miles to Grande Ecaille. from Sicily in the 15th century and was that little island's chief indus try for many years. However, in 1735 when a process for the manu facture of sulphuric acid was devel oped the nations of the world began to vie for control'of the element. To day, aside from Italy and ourselves, the important producing nations are Japan, Spain, Germany, Chile, Nor way, Finland, Australia, Portugal, Sweden, Greece and Russia. Amer ica produces about 28% of the total world supply. In 1869 the first sulphur deposit in the United States was discovered in Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana, and prospectors for oil along the Gulf Coast of Texas discovered it in that state some time thereafter. But un like the deposits in other countries where it is worked from surface mines, America's supply of the yel low substance is found in locations almost inaccessible to man--deeply hidden below the earth's surface, in geological formations called salt domes. So until 1903 when the Frasch process was perfected, Amer ica was entirely dependent upon the rest of the world for all of her supply. Probably few people realize that without this energy-giving element, the progress of civilized man in agriculture and industry would be greatly limited. The American farmer, whether cotton planter, grain grower, orchardist, poultry raiser or truck gardener has learned that of all the earth's elements, sulphur is one of his most valued friends. As a fer tilizer, a spray or insecticide, it has few, if any, equals. Industrially, sulphur is indispen sable to our daily routine. A glance at the following list will give some idea of what modern life would be were it unattainable: Some Industries and Products Using Sulphur Acids Airplanes Alcohol Alum ETHI'jE, .VEB'S [4] ETC 22737 Aniline Explosives Ethyl's Baton Rouge plant recently lustration "C"). Finally a 111-inch Artificial SilkAutomobiles Beltings Binders Kerosene Fabrics Fertilizers Fire Extinguishers Fireworks Food had the privilege of viewing. To a great scientist, Dr. Herman Frasch, prominent in the early his tory of our oil industry, America pipe is sunk within the 4-inch pipe, this extending to within about 200 feet of the bottom of the deposit. (See illustration "D"). Laboratory Preservatives owes thanks for its sulphur produc E "Reagent E Leather Fumigants Fungicides 1= Liquid Fuel Garments Livestock Food Poison Lubricants Refrigerants `V Matches Resins Medicine Rubber Goods f Bleaching Agents Rubber Tires S Celluloid Soap Cements Gasoline >' Chemicals Glass tion. In 1891 he invented the process used today for the extraction of sul phur from our coastal deposits. Yet it was not until twelve years later that his discovery became an assured commercial success. Briefly, this method, named after the inventor, involves the pumping of large quantities of hot water into * SVlPHUC (.INC C a' VHOT WTEB ONE (o'suerAce camnoV Cleaning Glue the earth for the purpose of melting Dairying ft Detergents U Drugs Dyestuffs ff Ebonite Glycerin Hardware Hats Hosiery Illuminants the sulphur which is then pumped to the surface and allowed to harden in huge vats before being broken up for shipment. j| Metallurgy Ink With an ordinary oil drilling rig a Motor Fuels Insecticides hole is sunk through the sulphur !' Movie Films ijf. Paints %r~ Paper - Petroleum Soda Solvents Steel Pickling Sugar bearing rock. A 10-inch surface cas ing is placed in this hole (see illustra tion "A"). Then an 8-inch pipe, hav 1. Products Tanning ing perforations extending about 35 jp Photography Textiles feet from the bottom, is inserted in ons 5 Plastics Water Purification the 10-inch casing and sunk to the plv Electro Chemicals bottom of the sulphur deposit. (See . in b Think for a minute of a world illustration "B"). A 4-inch pipe is salt without steel for our automobiles, now placed inside the 8-inch pipe the railroads, bridges and great build and allowed to extend to within a Superheated water brought to a ler- ings; the rubber industry is vitally short distance of the bottom. (See il temperature of 330 degrees Fahren the dependent, upon it as well as the pro heit is now forced down the space ply. hat -nt. ducers of gasoline and oil. Now let us look at the "mining" process at the Grand Ecaille plant T/ii.v group from Ethyl's Baton Rouge plant were guests of Freeport Sulphur Company at Port Sulphur and the between the 8 and 4-inch pipes, thus penetrating the sulphur deposits through the perforations in the in in Louisiana which a group from Grande Ecaille plant. larger pipe. The sulphur melts and >uld can rain r or fall one fer- luis $ iennce k nne 1 be - rs * & SEPTEMUE.lt 19 10 f51 ETC 22738 mNEWSfir^EM.^i i j Molten sulphur from the icell flows into this relay station from whence it is con veyed through steam-heated pipes to the storage bins. runs to the bottom of the well where it is forced up the 4-inch pipe for sev eral hundred feet by the pressure of the water in the rock formation. From this point it is continuously lifted to the surface by air intro duced through the l'f-inch pipe, where it is discharged into steamheated vats at relay stations. It then flows through steam-heated lines to the storage bins where it becomes a solid again after cooling. These bins are often 50 feet in height, 1200 feet in length and 250 feet in width. This The plant at Grande Ecaille. Power house, office buildings, shops and ware houses are at left. The pipe lines for hot water and air are shown across lower part of picture tuith storage vats in lower right corner. In center is canal for transportation of sulphur and plant personnel to Port Sulphur. huge block of sulphur is then drilled, blasted and the rock sulphur loaded into freight cars, river barges, or sea going freighters for shipment. In addition to several other raw materials dependent upon sulphur in some stage of their manufacture, Ethyl's Baton Rouge plant uses about four tank cars of sulphuric acid monthly. This important acid is manufactured in Baton Rouge by the Consolidated Chemical Com pany from sulphur produced by the Freeport Sulphur Company at the Grande Ecaille plant. General view of mining area showing pipes for conveying hot water and com pressed air to the wells. nW ~I tIi* i' I , i BTUVl. XBWS [6] SI ETC 22739 Petroleum's New Job So far the petroleum industry has tarv planes in this country during a the same rated horsepower, but de : been wholly successful in providing recent twelve-month period was signed to use 100 octane fuel, there 1 products required by airplane mo- 137.000 gallons daily average. This would be a saving of 320 gallons. j tors, and has kept pace with the ad approximation is upon peace time This would mean the dead weight of vancement in engine design. . . . maneuvers and training. War time the plane being decreased and the I Therefore, the petroleum industry is use would be greatly in excess of pay-load increased bv 1,960 pounds, prepared to meet any demand which this amount. During 1939, civilian or the choice of increasing power ; American aviation -- military and aviation in the United States con 15% with the same original fuel con ! commercial--may make upon it." sumed 60,942,000 gallons. Figures sumption, an important factor in for 1940 will undoubtedly be very IN these momentous days with world attention directed to avia much higher. tion in both its military and commer cial aspects, the petroleum industry shares the spotlight. Currently, the President of the United States has recommended the building of 50,000 war planes. Henry Ford says that he can produce 1,000 planes per day. Plane and engine factories are being expanded. While public interest cen ters mainly upon military aviation; commercial use of the airplane is constantly growing. It may be that So far the petroleum industry has been wholly successful in providing products required by airplane motors, and has kept pace with the changes and advancement in engine design. . . . Development of proces ses which produce higher types of aviation gasoline has greatly con tributed to increased efficiency of both military and commercial avia tion. The relatively new aviation fuels are so efficient that it is possible this country is on the eve of an ex to achieve higher speeds with a gain pansion in air transportation com in carrying capacity and no increase parable to the transition from the in gasoline consumption. A large horse-and-buggy to the motor ve transport or military plane, as an hicle. Hence the question arises: illustration, on a nonstop flight of ig Can the petroleum industry meet this situation as it met the great and 2.000 miles using 87 octane gasoline would require 2,400 gallons in its ate relatively swift shift to the automo tanks. If equipped with engines of bile in the early part of this century? either military or passenger-carrying requirements. Thus has come about the increasing use of the higher oc tane gasoline with predictions that further development of air-craft en gines will depend upon the general availability of 100 octane gasoline. With the enormous almost over night increase in demand for mili tary aircraft the success of such an objective is, of course, dependent to a large degree upon the ability of the petroleum industry to step up pro duction of the necessary aviation fuels. This situation is not unusual, however, it is characteristic of this industry that there always has been almost constant reconstruction and new construction of facilities and plant equipment occurring to meet swiftly changing conditions of busi ness and commerce. Courtesy Standard Oil Bulletin Aviation engines require a differ ent gasoline than automobile en gines. It must have a high-octane 20th Birthday of First Coast-to-Coast Airway \ rating. "Octane" is the laboratory yardstick for the measurement of the anti-knock qualities of the fuel. HE 20th anniversary of the first transcontinental airway called for Tcoast-to-coast airway was ob 63 hours from coast-to-coast, flying served on Sunday, ' September 8t,he mail in the daytime and putting To achieve high-octane, special pro cesses and special manufacturing facilities are necessary. The proces ses have been developed, the equip ment to meet current demands exists, and the problem of the future is one of expansion of manufacturing facilities. Therefore, the petroleum industry is prepared to meet any de mand which American aviation, mili tary and commercial, may make upon it. The demand will be large. One marking the completion of two dec ades of achievement on the nation's most important air transport route. It is the New York to San Fran cisco airway, which is officially des ignated as U. S. Air Mail Route No. 1, and it was at 6.41 A.M. on Septem ber 8, 1920, when the first transcon tinental air mail flight in history left Hazelhurst Field, Long Island, with Pilot Randolph Page at the controls of a single-engined, war-time plane carrying 16,000 letters weighing 400 it aboard trains at night. By contrast, today's United Air Lines Mainliners fly the same route from San Fran cisco to New York in 15 hours and 43 minutes. Instead of one flight a day, stag gered over the various sections of the route, a full fleet of swift Mainliners operates day and night to make the airway a vital link in the nation's national defense and at the same time provide the fastest trans authority points out that the needs pounds. portation of mail, express and pas for aviation fuel for the 3,500 mili- The first schedule on the pioneer sengers in the world. SSP T EMBER 19 40 M ETC 22740 i ii ! }} 1 1 'lul i! * Patriotism--1940 Model Continued from page -3 `over there' can understand it. In school they had us sing about the amber waves of grain, thy rocks and rills, thv woods and templed hills-- and we never even learned what a rill is, or a templed hill. Politicians make speeches about our gr-r-reat and indivisible union of states--and this November the election is going to split the states on a quarrel about our basic philosophy of government. We don't even hang together on that. We have no demi-god national leader. Most of us hardly know the high spots or the heroes of our coun try's history. There's only one thing we all get together on." "What's that, George?" "Well, it's a hard thing to describe. Today every one has a feeling there's a jinx loose. We must watch our step, or some wisenheimer is going to slip in here and change the rules so we don't have any more fun or any free dom--I mean that nice, solid feeling when you know your time, and your money, and how you think and what kind of work vou do is strictlv vour own business. .. . This 1940 patriot ism -- we're not shouting about a country or even a particular form of government. It's a way of life we care about. Here's an example. "Take Louie, who drives an ice cream truck. When he puts a nickel in the slot and sings God Bless Amer ica, he isn't worrying about the am ber waves of grain or what Jefferson said about the tax law, or Plymouth Rock or the holy land of California or any other place he's never been to. Pie's just squaring his shoulders and telling the world at large that he lives his own life and gets a kick out of it--three big meals a day, the wife and kids and a new radio at home, and the oldest girl going into the eighth grade this year ... things like coffee and pie after work at the beanie, where Hank the counter man always tells you how the Dodg ers did today--things like the roar of his engine when he goes up a hill wide open--yelling at the cab drivers in traffic--going to the movies, and the ball park, and buying yourself a glass of beer and playing Kate Smith on the phonograph." Jack was pacing the rug. "Hang it, I'll take that kind of patriotism any day! Somebody who knows what he wants out of all this. He's got the deepest, the best kind of patriotism. He's not being sent out to fight for somebody else's ideas--he's going to bat for himself and what he wants for his family--those things you don't get any more when you have to click your heels and yell Heil Whoosis!" "And Louie isn't the only one that feels that way," said George. "In vour own words, you can see it right up the line. They sell red, white and blue pins in Tiffanv's, too." They looked at each other, and both smiled. They put out their cigarettes. "Let's put on our caps and get a glass of beer. And a nickel for the phonograph--God Bless America." "Your darn tootin'," said Jack. "God Bless America!" The National Inventors Council of the Department of Commerce held its first meeting on August 6 in the Department of Commerce Building, Washington, D. C. The Council is composed of noted inventors and men of wide experience in the industrial application of inventions. It is headed bv Dr. Charles F. Ketter ing, President, General Motors Research Corporation and was created by Secre tary of Commerce Harry L. Hopkins to encourage inventions by the Nations civilian population and then appraise their value for use in the National Defense Program. Attending the meeting were left to right, seated--Fred Nl. Zeder, Vice President, Chrysler Corporation--Conway P. Coe, U. S. Patent CommissionerDr. Charles F. Kettering, Chairman of the Council and President of General Motors Research Corporation--Dr. Thomas Midgley, Vice President of Ethyl Gasoline Corporation--Dr. William D. Coolidge, Director of General Electric Research Laboratories. Standing--Dr. Fin Sparre, Director of Research, Du Pont Corporation--Dr. Webster N. Jones, Dean of Engineering, Carnegie Institute ot Technology--Frederick M. Feiker, Dean of George Washington School of Engi neering--Lawrence Langner, Patent Lawyer, D. C.--and Watson Davis, Director of Science Service, D. C. ETHYL .YEW'S [8] ETC 22741 Merritt Parkway Nears Completion HE Merritt Parkway, New Eng land's outstanding highway de Tick velopment, will be completed by the end of this summer. Commencing at lilt the New York State line, just above 'In Portchester, and continuing beyond M Bridgeport, Connecticut, this magMid nificant route represents an expendi ture of approximately 820,000,000. Throughout its entire length, grade crossings have been eliminated by the construction of bridges or under passes. A distinctive feature of these bridges is that no two are alike- some having a concrete exterior ick. 'sService truck, which operates from dual station on parkway, is completely while others are surfaced with cut equipped to furnish roucl service to motorists. The interior has been so arranged stone. that it may be quickly converted into an emergency ambulance with stretchers The landscaping is exceptionally and first-aid equipment. beautiful with large trees and native shrubbery gracing either side of the 300' roadway with neat, well cared for grass plots separating the two one-way lanes. The Merrit Parkway Commission of the State of Connecticut decided that one dual filling station would take care of the motorists needs. This was built in two sections--one to serve east bound and the other west bound traffic and the Tidewater Associated Oil Co. was the success ful bidder. Parkway motorists are now able to buy Tvdol Ethyl and Tydol Flying "A" at both sections of this station which has been in Highway bridge. Note rustic sign announcing approach and service station. operation since May 27th. The Ethyl ratio has remained consistently at about 50%. :'S General view of highway nearing one of the bridges. \SBPTEMBEK 1940 [9] This Month's Cover Night view of Brooklyn Bridge which spans New York's East River. This painting was done especially for the "News" by Jack Manley Rose. ETC 22742 Tractors Aid Conservation of Snow in Canada OU'D think there was enough Ysnow in Canada without hoard ing any--but the Department of Agriculture in Saskatchewan has an nounced the development of a new technique for snow conservation. In many parts of the country, farmers look to the melting snows of spring to do the work of early showers in wetting and softening the soil for plowing and planting. And since it is important to keep the snow right on the land where it will be needed later, many experimental methods have been tried to prevent it from migrating. The latest and simplest--and per haps most successful--way of "tying down" the mantle of Jack Frost has been evolved by G. E. Matthews, superintendent of the Experimental School run by Saskatchewan in the town of Scott. He drags a pair of especially constructed snowplows dry that wind erosion carries away the good topsoil. Many a farmer has had to re-seed, not once but twice, while his seeded and cultivated soil has blown across the road to bury another crop. Canada's prairie farm districts average more than three feet of snow behind a tractor, lays each level field out in ridge-rows, and the prob lem is solved. Canadian farmers and scientists alike have long tried to make an ally of the winter snows--getting them to wet the soil instead of running off in streams that cut gashes through the fields and leave other spots so in winter, which corresponds rough ly to 5'/i inches of rain. Artificial Later snow flurries are anchored in barriers and windbreaks have been place htj these ridges, maintaining an even blanket of snow which melts evenly in spring. tried, to keep this in the right place --but they did little good unless set A light, early snowfall is "plowed' into ridaes. so close together that the cost was prohibitive. Mr. Matthews' process is ingeni ously simple. Early light snowfalls are piled into ridges by tractordrawn snowplows. Even four inches of snow will make a ridsOfe twentv inches high--and this is big enough to anchor succeeding drifts against being blown away. The final cover ing is fairly level. Strange as it seems, the packed ridges are the first to melt when spring comes and the warm sun shines over the land again. CORRECTION July-August Issue The editors wish to correct an error appearing in the cap tion to an illustration on page 25 in the last issue of the News which read "One at a time in a Rope Sling." The drum of fluid was not being loaded into the hold of the freighter, as stated, but was being unloaded from its place on deck where it had been securely stowed for shipment. Drums of fluid are never car ried in the hold of a ship. [ io 1 ETC 22743 Columbia's File of Recordings Form Cross-Section of 20th Century Life N one room on the 12th floor of wish to compare these amateurs I Columbia's New York headquart with the professionals, they can ers is a collection which future his start at "A" with Lionel Atwill and jobs--keeping track of the records she mails out. With from 300 to 400 of them being sent everv dav to cities torians will look upon as a valuable go on through the Barrymores to all over the country, she had to de cross-section of life in the twentieth Wheeler and Woolsey. velop a quadruple-check system century. One of the purposes of these re which keeps track of the records This collection is in the form of cordings is to aid students through from the moment they leave the recordings, filed and catalogued by out the United States. Transcriptions office until they are returned. Edna Walton. It's her job to keep are made of all the American School While Miss Walton isn't deeply track of 10,000 records of CBS radio of the Air broadcasts, and educa interested in swing music, she takes programs--and she has new tran tional programs such as "Invitation pleasure in pointing out that she has scriptions to file every day. to Learning," "Human Adventure," a recording of everyone of the "Sat The Beards and Gibbons of the "Adventures in Science," and "Fron urday Night Swing Club" broadcasts future will find it easy when they tiers of Democracy," which will be -180 in all. want to study the verbal background mailed to schools and colleges re She likes to imagine jitterbugs of of the present war. There are 392 questing them for classroom use. the year 2000 cutting a rug to the is recordings on the Polish crisis alone, That is another of Edna Walton's Raymond Scott Quintet. each of which plays 15 minutes on i- each side. Recordings are, of course, Is being made every day of the Euro Color-Blind Aviators r- pean war--there were 492 at the last Vs counting. See Through Camouflage iv Should a Harvard professor of OR years Uncle Sam has been out all forty--and confessed, after F:h History in the year 2000 be dissatis turning away color-blind flyers landing, that he could not distin St fied with the written text of Edward who wanted to go through the Armyguish one color from another. The VIII's abdication speech, he'll be Air School at Randolph Field; now answer was of course that he was .s, able to listen to a recording of it it is looking for them. It has recently color-blind. It and study the emotion in Edward's been discovered that camouflage, so According to the commandant of .n voice. He'll be able to study the psy successful in hiding guns and bar Randolph Field's school of Aviation chology of Hitler or Mussolini from racks from enemy aircraft, doesn't Medicine, this chance discovery sug their spoken words, or find out just fool a color-blind man the least bit. gests that a totally new scheme of what kind of a reaction Bob Trout, He can see right through it. camouflage will have to be devel Columbia's well known commenta The answer is, of course, that oped for guns, airplane hangers, tor, and his fellowpassengers had to camouflage is almost entirely a mat fuel or ammunition dumps, and the first Atlantic Clipper flight. ter of color--airplanes, for instance, ether strategic objectives. Nor will sports fans find the files will be painted ground-color on top Randolph Field, the "West Point wanting. There are recordings of and skycolor on the bottom. Yet to of the Air," which was described in every baseball, football, boxing, any one who sees everything as detail in the February "News," has boating, horse racing, aviation and various shades of gray, the familiar been rejecting color-blind candi golf event that has been broadcast outlines remain unchanged. Even a dates because a flyer must be able I' over CBS since 1936. The voice of thin screen of leafy branches does to distinguish between different football's immortal Knute Rockne is little good. colored ground guides, especially preserved for posterity, as are the The discovery was made by acci the lights used at night. It is uni words of Jack Dempsey, Babe Ruth dent at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, when versal practice to mark the outlines and innumerable others in contem the Army was testing the effective of airfields at night with red and porary sports. ness of camouflaging heavy guns so green lights. Aviators must also Perhaps one of the greatest cross- they could not be spotted from the recognize the various colored signal sections of present-day American life is contained in the recordings of Major Bowes' Amateur Hour and if theater lovers 50 years from now air. A regular air corps observer picked out ten of the forty guns which had been disguised. An ob server from the field artillery picked flares shot from Very pistols. Now it seems that the heretofore unaccept able candidate may have a chance to do his bit as an observer. x SEPTEMBER 1940 [ II 1 ETC 22744 N the blue-green country of the On location near Electron, Washington. I Pacific Northwest -- where tall Timber is being handled with a tractor trees stand like armies of the Gods equipped with Carco arch and winch. --at the western end of a continental march of three centuries--the woods characteristics are bred into the man of American tradition holds region's timber. Moreover, the sway. Because of its king tree, the equipment and machinery which Douglas Fir, this vet half-discovered has been developed for rendering country is known far and wide as the the huge logs suitable for commer Douglas Fir region. cial purposes, is the finest in exist Due to the abundant moisture, ence. fertile, volcanic and alluvial soil and Twenty-nine million acres of for a long growing season, apparently est in Washington and Oregon from constant for years, such luxuriance the Cascade slopes to the Pacific of growth has been possible as ex Ocean, principally of Douglas Fir, emplified by these giants of the West Coast hemlock. Western red forest. The American Northwest pro cedar and Sitka spruce, produce an duces lumber which is famous average of seven billion board feet throughout the world for its quality annually, with timber stands yet in and size. It might be said that these reserve for many generations to come, with "natural" and regulated replanting going on constantly. There is enough standing timber to build a modern home for every family in the United States and still have construction material for such history making projects as the San Francisco World's Fair, the Narrows Bridge, the New York World's Fair and the unprecedented Floating Bridge across Lake Washington in Seattle. Logging in the Pacific Northwest isn't just a tree cutting or harvesting proposition as the layman generally thinks of it. It embraces a whole series of operations--from the ap praising, marking, felling the huge timber trees to the mechanized forest handling of logs and their ETHYL .V'S [] etc 22745 transportation, many bv gasoline motor trucks, to the sawmills where they are converted into lumber by necessarily gigantic specially built milling equipment. A pictorial glimpse into this vast industry will best serve to acquaint one of its intricacies--from the "snak ing" of logs out of the woods to the "zing" of the great band saw cutting 12 toil logs into usable lumber. All this is filled with romance and even danger. As proof that loggers are real "he men" glance at this Ritz-Biltmore dinner menu for a Northwest log ging camp: Pork Chops Jam i Steak Jelly Potatoes Pickles Four-Vegetables Hot Rolls Green Salad Coffee,Tea or Milk Celery Pudding Several kinds of pie And remember this is no holiday re past but just an "ordinary" evening meal. In a Washington sawmill the great bandsaw sings its way through the'side of a log. The off-bearer tips the long slab with his picaroon onto the rollers which carry it on its way to the edger. J The headrig sawyer signals cutting depth to his log setter. Here he indi cates 1-inch cut. Controlling the shut tling carriage's movements with hand and foot levers is one of the highest type jobs in a modern sawmill. The head sawyer is the man responsible for the lumber. The last step in the long and arduous journey from forest to ocean. A sling-load of West Coast lumber comes to rest in its snug berth on shipboard. Material and photographs courtesy Wm. to be taken in dark forest surroundings R. Melton, West Coast Lumberman's As- made possible by fast camera lenses and sociation. Many of the photos are the first films, and hitherto unpublished. ET UYE XEWS [ >4 ] ETC 22747 Magnetic Hill Draws the Crowds AN "upside down" hill is this one Jt\. located five miles from the city of Moncton in New Brunswick. At Magnetic Hill, so-called, motor cars seem to defy all laws of gravitation for they go uphill without the aid of gasoline. Queer? Of course it is. Intriguing? Without a doubt! Here is what you do: Drive your car to a point down the Lutz Mountain road until you reach the sign shown in the accompanying picture. Proceed "down" the hill to a point indicated bv a white post, (see arrow) shut off your motor, release all brakes and throw the gears into neutral. The machine will then start moving uphill. How far it will go before stopping evidently de pends upon its weight. This is all very puzzling, but there must be some explanation. There is and here is the answer: Magnetic Hill is an optical illusion, that is all there is to it. Thousands of people visit this "hill" every year to see for themselves this most unusual phe nomenon and outstanding attrac tion. If you visit New Brunswick, don't fail to drive to Magnetic Hill and experience the thrill of seeing your car start to climb a hill of its own volition. The name, "Magnetic Hill," is, of course, a misnomer. There is noth ing magnetic in the vicinity, but that makes no difference, you'll get a thrill just the same. And although it is admitted to be an optical illus ion, you may stand at the "top" of the hill and look down on the top of your car. An Eight-Point National Security Program for Industry ^ 1 It is the job of American industry to produce the needed equipment. 2 Practical, experienced men should be granted full authority to carry out the defense program promptly and effectively. 3 We must rely upon mass produc tion. American manufacturers have excelled the world in mass production for peace, they can also surpass the world in its use for defense. 4 Production doesn't depend merely upon gigantic appropriations-- you can't "appropriate" a plane or battleship, you can only appropri ate the money. 5 There should be prompt govern mental action to encourage the flow of private capital into indus try so that the needed plant equip ment can be built, and further action to insure against the loss of such investments when the emer gency has passed. 6 Legislative and administrative re strictions that both military and industrial experience have demon strated to be barriers to maximum production should be removed. 7 There must be speed in formulat ing and standardizing specifica tions for the military equipment required. 8 We must realize that physical de fense is not enough, and as indi viduals and a nation we must re dedicate ourselves to the basic principles that we are preparing to defend. SEPTEMBER 1940 [`5 1 ETC 22748 The Minneapolis Aquatennial URING the past summer the D city of Minneapolis set the stage for one of the largest and most spectacular sports shows of its kind to be held in the United States. Using as its theme, Minnesota the summer playground of the nation, the Aquatennial opened with a 500 mile canoe race which was called the Paul Bunvon Derby. The contes tants actually paddled that distance following the rivers and lakes of Minnesota to the finish line at Min neapolis. At the conclusion of this race a parade was put on of some six miles in length, featuring floats built by local merchants and civic organiza tions, bands, and marching clubs. , During the week's festivities some of the sporting events included the the Singing Cowboy, it will be re St. Paul open Golf Tournament in called, appeared last winter as a which some of the nation's best vied Guest Artist on Ethyl's Tune-up for the title. The Aqua Follies, a Time program. nightly spectacle at one of the lakes, During the week Lake Minne featured famous divers and swim tonka was the site of inboard and mers and the floats of the Aqua outboard motorboat races. Among Parade. During these various* eve the competitors were some of the nings of entertainment, the Queen outstanding racers of the country. of the Lakes was crowned by selec The winner of the inboard event. tion from the state's loveliest girls. A real western Rodeo presented Gene Autry and his roughriders to Chuck Massie, gave Ethyl gasoline much credit for his success. Another popular feature of the packed audiences. Genej known as Aquatennial was The Pageant of the Lakes, consisting of beautifully Chuck Massie, winner of the Inboard Event on Lake Minnetonka, gave Ethyl due credit for his success. illuminated floats, fireworks, and chorus routine done by mermaids. The first main event of the week's fes tivities was a parade of floats and civic organizations which was six miles long and took four hours to pass the review ing stand. Climaxing a week of thrilling sports entertainment was the three day Air Show at Wold-Chamberlain field. Such nationally known avia tors and stunt fliers as Jesse Bristow and Bob St. Jock demonstrated their Selected from the state's lovliest girls, charming Joyce Moen shown here ininus her regal splendor, was crowned Queen of the Lakes in appropriate ceremonies. ETHYL .VEff* [ id ] ETC 22749 aerobatic ability by stunting in two Boeing Pursuit Ships they being the only two aviators in the United States allowed the use of such ships for that purpose. Leonard Peterson performed amazing stunts with his clipped wing monoplane and the outstanding woman aerobatic cham pion, Bobby Lutton was also fea tured. During the meet Jacqueline Cochrane, national women's air champion, and winner of the Cleve * land Air Races was presented the Ak trophy. I At the beginning of each days air} show, a review of aviation was held, which started with a 1910 pusher type plane, and included everything up to the latest Army and Navy pur suit and bombing craft. All the pilots readily acclaim Avia tion Ethyl gasoline as the source of The nationally known stunt fliers, Bob St. Jock and Jessie Bristow, demonstrated the power that permitted them to do their aerobatic ability by stunting in Boeing army pursuit ships--the only aviators their snap barrel rolls, inside and in the United States who are permitted to give such performances in these ships. !C (T outside loops, and other feats of aerobatics. This Aquatennial Show which at l tracted some 3,750,000 from many X.*T5 states, has been acclaimed as an out Ie f>> standing summer sport show, and n K will become an annual event of Min i- nesota's summer sports program. \V All photon courtesy ir Minneapolis Star Journal As a special feature the National Wom ans Champion, Jacqueline Cochrane, received trophy for winning the Cleve land Air Races, the presentation being made by Tom Hastings. Buddy Batzel in a snap roll and a wing over chandelle electrified the spectators during the air show over Wold-Chamberlain Field. S EPTEMUElt 1940 [ 17 ] ETC 22750 Ethyl Tests Fuel Factor in Fluid Drive BECAUSE the new fluid drives which will figure on so many In studying the effects of fluid drive at the Ethyl Laboratory in Detroit, re search has been started by means of this 1941 models have a definite effect onequipment. The recording device is the anti-knock needs of those cars. Ethyl's engineering research labora tory in Detroit is now studying the placed on the floor back of the driver's seat of the test car and the "fifth wheel" mounted on the rear bumper. fuel factor" in the operation of cars equipped with this type of transmis be considered in terms of the fuel sion. factor, the Ethyl engineers are us Special instrumentation involving ing new apparatus to determine a movie camera has been developed what changes will turn up in the in the laboratory for corollating on a anti-knock requirements of cars visual record the data on engine equipped with fluid transmissions. speed, car speed, acceleration and The instrumentation for recording manifold vacuum which are neces the necessary data consists of a sary for adequate examination of the vacuum gauge, a stop watch, an problems involved. engine tachometer and another tach In a car equipped with the fluid ometer connected to a "fifth wheel" flywheel type of transmission, engine mounted on the rear bumper which speed is much higher than usual provides accurate readings of actual during the period of acceleration road speed and distance covered. All from "getaway" speed up to cruis these are mounted on a panel at the ing speed. As a result, knocking oc bottom of an open, pyramid-shaped curs under an entirely different set box, at the top of which a movie of conditions. Since engine design camera is so placed that when the and engine problems must always apparatus is in operation, simultane ous readings of all the instruments will be recorded on the movie film. The film can later be examined, frame by frame, and the data on car speed, engine speed, and manifold vacuum during both acceleration and deceleration determined. The great advantage of the camera is that it records simultaneously the readings of tachometers, stop watches and vacuum gauge during any period of the car's acceleration in a way that would be impossible for an observer jotting notes on a pad. The camera can be set to run by itself, at the usual speed of 16 frames a second, or it can be manu ally operated at any speed slower than that. Experience has shown that all necessary or useful data can be most conveniently obtained by starting the camera off by itself when the car speed is approaching eight miles an hour. As the "acceleration test" is made between the speeds of 10 and etimyl sews [ >8] ETC 22751 Close-up view of this special instrumen tation used in test car. The motion pic ture camera is mounted on the tripod with the special instruments assembled directly below it. 60 miles an hour, this assures at least one picture of the exact start of the test run. Above ten miles an hour the camera is operated by hand, at the speed of one exposure a second. As the car approaches the mile-aminute speed the camera is again turned on automatically so the ex act "finish" of the race against time can be recorded. Readings are taken from the finished strip of film by means of a magnifying device known as a film reader. The data recorded can then be charted with extreme accuracy. The strip film obtained provides a com plete record of car speed, engine speed and manifold vacuum during accelera tion and deceleration. SEPTEMBER 1940 [ 19 ] ETC 22752 STUDENT CLASS OF 1941 BEGINS TRAINING THE 1941 class of engineers in training started a vear of study gage in the many engineering pro jects currently under test in the De at the Detroit Engineering Laboratroit and San Bernardino Labora tory on July first. The enrollment tories. In addition there will be consists of fifteen men drawn from class-room work dealing with engi eleven colleges. neering problems and calculations The members of the class will en and with the activities of the sales department. At the conclusion of the course the men will be assigned to work in either the sales or engineer ing department. Following are the members of the 1941 class, their home cities, and schools: ROBERT A. ACKERMAN Westfield. N. J. Lehigh University RAY M. BROWN Fullerton, California Stanford University JOSEPH A. CIPOLLA Jersey City, N. J. Stevens Institute of Technology THEODORE S. DuBOSE Oswego, S. C. Clemson College and Lehigh University HOWARD E. HESSELBERG Des Plaines, Illinois University of Missouri ETMIYL X EM'S [ 20 ] ETC 22753 Baton Rouge Inaugurates FirstAnnual Personnel Conference Ethyl Plant Manager Presides at Employer-Employee Relations \ xecutives from several Forum Sponsored by L. S. U. ' Ernest Lee Jahncke, Louisiana State E Louisiana industries met re cently in Baton Rouge with local leaders of the U. S. Department of Department of Commerce and In dustry; Stephen R. MacRae, U. S. Department of Labor; C. H. Logan, Labor, the National Labor Relations National Labor Relations Board; Board and the Louisiana Depart and Charles T. Estes, U. S. Depart ment of Commerce and Industry in ment of Labor. a round-table discussion of develop Many representatives of Louisi ments in employer-employee rela ana industries attended, and found tions. Invitations to the forum meet the meetings so valuable that thev ing were issued by Dean Trant of expressed their intentions of par Louisiana State University's College ticipating in future conferences. In of Commerce, as part of the institu addition to Mr. Barnum, the Ethvl tion's extra-curricular activities to men who attended the conference aid commerce and industry within were Messrs. A. P. Stover, Assistant the state. Many valuable and pro General Manager of the Manufac gressive ideas were exchanged. Mr. Lew Barnum, manager of the LEW BARNUM turing Department; R. S. Asburv, Manager of Technical Division, Baton Rouge Division of Ethyl's Chemical; F. D. Atkinson, Manager Manufacturing Department, pre Speakers and presiding officers of Technical Division, Engineering; sided at the opening session while during the following sessions in C. W. Bond, Division Manager of "papers were presented by Messrs. cluded Messrs. J. E. Dame, Sears- Ethyl Chloride Division, and his W. P. Raymond, Jr., personnel man Roebuck; C. V. Hussey, Mississippi Assistant Division Manager, R. N. ager for Standard Oil of Louisiana, Power and Light Co.; H. Clifford Clothier; also H. A. Demouy, Chief and Calvert G. deColigny of Free Goodson, Jr., New Orleans Farm Operating Supervisor of the Ethyl port Sulphur Co. Credit Administration; Commodore Chloride Division. Baton Rouge Plant Wins Safety Award VERYONE who was an active time-losing injury since the five orig NE Ethyl employee of the Baton inal Ethyl men reported to the plant Rouge Plant on July 18, 1940, is toon July 12,1937. The last time-losing x . receive an award as result oaf ctchiedent at Deepwater occurred Plant's having successfully com pleted a period of over 391 thousand exposure hours without a time losing personal injury in accordance with the plan recently adopted for Manufacturing Department em ployees. If the Deepwater Plant keeps its present record intact, its employees will be eligible to a simi lar prize during March, 1941. The Safety Award Plan for mem-. bers of the Manufacturing Depart ment, under which these prizes will January 29, 1938. The awards are considered to be an incentive to safe working habits and a reminder to all employees that care prevents acci dents and that plant safety calls for constant vigilance. The prizes will be of two kinds: one for each individual who works for a full year without an accident, and the other for every employee of a plant which as a whole completes a specified period without a time be given, was adopted August 1 to losing injury to any of its employees. be effective immediately and to be Prizes for individual records will retroactive to the date of the last have a distinctive gold insignia time-losing injury at each plant.' At mounted on the article which the Baton Rouge there had been no recipient may choose. The Following Service Awards have been made as of September 1st, 1940 10 YEARS Irene Buckley Gasoline Testing, Yonkers G.William Mundinger Sales, Atlanta Katherine T. Traulsen Administration 5 YEARS W. J. Distler Karin E. Holm Sales, Dayton Administration ETIiYC SEWS [ 22 ] je SV .ivton ation NEWSBRIEFS Arthur E. Felt was recently wel comed to the staff of the Testing Laboratory in San Bernardino. Cali fornia. He is mar ried and hails from Highland Park, Michigan, where he was em ployed for the past four years m the Experimental Depart ment of the Chrysler Corporation. Being a native Missourian, he attended the home state university, receiving his B.S. degree there in 1934 and his M.S. at the Univer sity of Michigan in 1936. He also received his M.S.E. degree from the Chrysler Insti tute of Engineering in 1938. His favorite hobby is amateur photography, with fish ing and hunting as added interests. / Erwin A. Yeager was employed in the New York Of fice of the Manu facturing Depart ment on August 1, 1940, coming to the Ethyl Organi zation from the duPont Company, ' Wilmington, Dela ware. He received , a Bachelor of Science in Technical Engi neering at the University of Delaware, a Master's Degree at the Massachusetts In stitute of Technology and his Legal educa tion from the George Washington Univer- , sity, Washington, D. C. Mr. Yeager has been employed in the Engineering and Legal Departments of the duPont Company as Designer, Industrial Engineer and Patent Attorney. He is a member of the District of Columbia and Patent Office Bars. Because of the arris al of Marjory Marie Gamier on July 19th, the entire New York (Office shared in the celebration of her (birthday. Her \erv generous Pappy, Gene / Gamier of the Accounting Department, supplied candy for the ladies and cigars jp; for the men. This young lady weighed 7 fc. pounds, 5 ounces on arrival. Her sister, ^Barbara Ann, is not quite two. Our hearty congratulations to the Gar- |>Anier family. ooe Mr. and Mrs. W. B. Heck, Jr., of Billings, /Montana, are the proud parents of a 7!I I pound babv boy, christened Boyd Dieken` 5011 Heck, born July 12th. Bill Heck, the proud father, is one of our very busy safety '. engineers connected with the Seattle Divi sion, and tells us that he will soon have the Had making quarterly refinery inspections. William C. Ludt, formerlv of Ros elle Park, X. J., but now making his home in Yonk ers, N'. Y.. has re cently joined the staff of the Gaso line Control Lab oratory. His chief interest is Chemi cal Engineering which he is now studying at New York University. Prior to his association with Ethyl he was employed for four years by the Tidewater Associated Oil Company in their automotive laboratory in making tests on oils and obtaining road octane numbers of various fuels. The growth of the Manufacturing Department con tinues with the re cent addition of William H . Thompson to its ranks. Bill is a na tive of Pitman, New Jersey, and entered the em ploy of the Deep water Div ision in the capacity of a Blender Operator on July 1st. For the past four years he was manager of an Esso Service Station in Pitman. Bill's favorite form of recreation is bowling. THE GODBEY CO., INC. announces the arrival of the 1940 GODBEY BABY GIRL Model No. 3 PATRICIA (PATTY) ANN Released July 12, and will be on dis play at 10 Abbife Place, Edgemont Cincinnati, Ohio OUTSTANDING FEATURES Two Lung Power Free Squealing Baul Bearings Economical Feed Scream line Body Changeable Seat Covers Water Cooled Exhaust Net Weight 7 lbs. 7 oz. F. O. B. Maple Knoll Hospital Roy S. Godbey, Designer and Chief Engineer Mildred Godbey. .Production Manager C. C. Johnson........... Technical Advisor The Management wishes to announce that due to an error in production, the j body design of Model No. 3 will be the I same as the two previous Models, j Introducing Miss Joan Helen Hen drick of Dallas,j Texas! She is the I daughter of field] representative Ed* Hendrick and Mrs. Hendrick, and made her entrance into this world on June 24th at the Florence Night- * ingale Hospital in Dallas. Ed reports that Helen is receiving one of her first lessons in the art of manipulating the typewriter so as to take over Papa's report-writing at an early date. He admits that progress is a bit slow in this respect for the little lady perceives immediately that there is no milk bottle to be found in connection with a typewriter. Fred Nixon, our Eastern Pennsylvania rep resentative, just lost a bet but he and Mrs. Nixon have a fine new baby girl, Judith Lee, born August 5th. Judith got off to a running start with 8 lbs. 2 oz. This is the Nixon's second daughter. We take pleasure in introducing Aaro G. Maehie who, on June 18th, was employed as a Blender Oper ator at our Deep water Plant. Aaro hails from Lead, South Dakota, and prior to joining Ethyl was associ ated with the Homestake Mining Company located near his home town. He spends his spare time riding and swimming. 040 Thomas Galloway, just out of the Lincoln High School in Ferndale, Michigan, has joined the maintenance crew at the Detroit Chemical Research Laboratory June 25, 1940. Tom is a great lover of sports, and his favorite outdoor activities are football, baseball, tennis, and anything to do with water. OOo Judson T. Biehle of the Manufacturing De partment's New York Office departed from the bachelor's ranks on August 5 when he was married to Miss Carolyn Strickland of New York. The wedding took place at the home of the bride's parents in Concord. Georgia, and was attended by Chuck Col vin of the New York Office who acted as best man. Jud and Mrs. Biehle left for a trip through the mountains of North Caro lina and will make their home in New York City. oeo ETC 22756 Will automotive progress ever reach "Dead End"? TF YOU WENT through the gogglearid-cluster era of automobiling -- when "break-downs" were common and repair bills frequent--you are pretty well pleased with the automo bile of today. It is reliable. It will serve you in all kinds of weather. It will run thousands of miles with only minor adjustments. But to the forward-looking engineer, today's most advanced car is only some thing to be improved upon tomorrow. For under the American system of free enterprise the engineers of each com pany are in constant competition with the engineers of other companies. All are striving to win the public's approval with automobiles of even greater reli ability, economy and performance. Un der this system there can be no "dead end" to automotive progress. Developing the car of the future, however, is a problem greater than any single manufacturer or industry can solve. It is a task- that must be shared cooperatively by the makers ofengines, engine parts and materials, and by re finers of fuels and lubricants. Fuels and engines are inseparably associated in their development. Through its Research Laboratories in Detroit and San Bernardino, the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation is helping to coordinate the developments of the automotive and petroleum indus tries. Our research workers engage in joint programs with many technical organizations in these two industries, and contribute to the accumulat ed fund of knowledge the results from experiments constantly being conducted with possible future fuels, supercharged engines and engines hav ing super-compression ratios. Such information is always available to the men who today are planning for tomorrow's transportation--the men who, like ourselves, believe that the progress of the next ten years will far exceed that of the last ten. t* Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, CItnshr Ihiilding, jXuu York City, manujaanur tf anti-knock fluids used by oil enupauirs to improve gasoline. *I : iii I Photo byS. P` Riiii). Chimno Dir. There arc an estimated 3,619.000 miles of highways in the 21 American republics of which over 3.000,000 are within the borders of the United States. Many roads like this one on the route from Cody, Wyoming, to Yellowstone Park are each year bringing added pleasure to the ever increasing number of tourists who want to see America. ETC 22759 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor RUSSELL B. WESTON * NORTHROP CLAREY. Jr. * Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello F. S. Cronin B. R. Jones A. B. Wyrick A. C. Tully D. S. Flynn I R. L. Goltz M. P. Murdock C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dayton Kansas City New York Los Angeles Seattle Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research R. K. Scales Engineering J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London THE MATERIAL IN THIS PUBLICA TION MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS EISA COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 10 Election, Democracy's Privilege FEW years ago, perhaps, we would not have been so anxious to cast a A vote; but with unbelievable rapidity, in the short span of a few months, events of vast importance to every human being have occurred which materially changes the situation. We cast our vote for a man whom we think holds to those democratic principles to which we cling. Our next door neighbor does the same. If public opinion is strong enough, legislation is enacted and enforced which satisfies the majority of the people. This is the way a democracy functions. If a people come to oppose the views of the political party in power, that people have the right, the privilege and the duty, by individually going to the poles and voting, to substitute for the party in power a group of elected officials whom it thinks will more nearly express its democratic ideals. In the totalitarian state, the individual is nothing, the state everything. One mind, perverted and power-crazed, may be the dictator and rules by armed force, crushing all opposition. He can only be expelled by force, not by vote of the people. Totalitarian states are challenging the workability and durability of the democracies. And we have our problems. We are faced with the national defense and the peace time draft program. We still have labor disputes, and the unemployment problem. The oil industry, in which one out of every ten persons in the whole United States have savings invested, faces a grave situation in the pending Federal control bill. Our national debt grows alarmingly and taxes of every kind increase. To leave these problems to the sole consideration of legislators is shirking our responsibilities. Blissful ignorance and blind faith are also fraught with danger. Look at France! After we voted in the last election we inquired of our friends whether or not they voted. We learned that a number had failed to do so. This is a bad situation, but one that can be corrected. Our government not only wants the expression of your opinion, but needs it. It is a privilege not enjoyed by peoples in dictator nations. Sufficient time remains before the next election to study and form conclusions as to the needs of our country. Let us cast our vote for the maintenance and strength ening of our democracy. Sunray News \/ In This Issue Election, Democracy's Privilege Smoke Jumpers New Opportunity for American Youth 33% Motor Failures Avoidable British Commonwealth Air Training Dutch Thoroughness Pavs Dividends Pirate Stronghold Now American Outpost O. B. Lewis on Defense Fuel Committee Latin American Road '> Vincennes Once Capital of Vast Territory Cattlemen Speed War on Rustlers Canada "Wide Open" as Usual Chemists Learn of New Product This Month's Cover What Is .. . Golf? Service Awards Auto Parts for Chess Set Newsbriefs ETC 22760 \S ! HE first use of aircraft for forest A fire control crew of the United States Tfire control was made about 20 Forest Service. Two "smoke jumpers" years ago when the Army Air Corpsdiscuss their assignment with forest offi started and maintained an air patrol cer before taking off. for the U. S. Forest Service over the mountainous national forests of the tain wilderness, foresters regard its Pacific North-West. This patrol lasted most important use as that of trans for approximately eight years, but as porting men and supplies. Experi the svstem of fixed ground look-outs ments to improve and expand the was developed and extended the utility of aircraft in fire control have, scheduled aerial fire detection patrol however, been continued by the was gradually displaced. Although Forest Service for a number of years. aeroplanes are still used for detec Among the more interesting tests tion purposes following lightning have been those associated with the storms, during periods of low visi dropping of dust, chemical and other bility and for reconnoitring canyons types of fire-retarding bombs on and depressions invisible to look small fires, and the use of voice- outs during dangerous fire weather, amplifying apparatus for directing their most valuable use now comes "smoke-chasers" to the scene of fires, in other ways. for advising ground crews of the. oc Owing to the rapidity and ease currence and location of "spot" fires, with which the aeroplane covers for and in searching for lost persons. bidding distances of trackless moun With these amplifiers it was found that messages could be clearly heard over a radius of a mile and a half. More recently experiments have been conducted in dropping fire fighters themselves directly at the scene of the fire. As the result of these successful tests, made in the Chelan National Forest, Washing ton, a new category of fire-fighter, who might graphically be described as a "smoke jumper," is likely to be added shortly to the fire control forces of the Forest Service. Experiments with parachute jumping were made because many of the disastrous forest fires of the West caused by lightning or by man's carelessness occur in moun tainous country, miles beyond roads and trails. At present the Forest Ser vice uses highways and a system of forest roads and trails to get as near as possible to the seat of fires, but ETIIYL .YEW'S- [4] ETC 22761 large portions of some forests are still classified in zones which require up to 10 or 12 hours of hard travel before they can be reached. Even the 76 Forest Service aeroplane landing fields in the National forests fail to bring all parts of the forests within quick striking distances of fire crews. The Forest Service has, therefore, been faced with the prob lem of either building miles of costlv roads and trails or of finding other means of delivering fire-fighters on the spot in as short a time as possible after a fire is reported. The specific purpose of the para chute-jumper tests was to find out if it would be practicable to drop a man from an aeroplane into any kind of terrain and if he would then be able to reach and control a small blaze before it spreads out over many acres. Parachute-jumpers who had pre viously disliked the prospect of land ing among tree branches were sur prised to find that trees act some- -t 1 When smoke jumper makes a "feather- T>ed landing" in a tree top he releases himself from special harness and comes down hit rope. / ' \ '/<?/ ,,v. \ i -'-..'if A/a fv A jumper coming in to land within 70 feet of his objective. Note right guide line and lobe of chute still being held down. His companion is already on the job. what as springs in cushioning the landing and are preferable to hard rough ground. Close stands of healthy lodgepole pine have been termed "feather-bed landings." The adaptability of this method of fire fighting was tested in the various types of terrain that might be en countered--open meadow, rough steep slopes, mountain sides covered with down timber or old snags from previous fires, thick virgin forest, rocky ridges, open stands of high timber, and at land elevations rang ing from 1 to 8,000 ft. A new 30-foot parachute has been specially developed, for this use by the Forest Fire Service. The dome of the canopy is surrounded by a wide apron and has two flaps with guide lines for steering. In the tests it was shown that the parachute can be guided slightly to right or left with surprising accuracy and that forward drift can be somewhat re tarded or accelerated. Another valu able feature of the new chute is its comparatively slow rate of descent, estimated at about 12 feet per second. A modified harness was also evolved, as the standard type proved to be a handicap in tree landings. It was found that when a man hangs suspended from the crown of a tree, the pressure on the leg and chest straps in the ordinary harness was so great that he was unable to unsnap the connections and get free. The smokejumper's harness is made as a detachable unit to permit the man to detach himself from the chute and reach the ground by a rope which he carries. A special jumper's suit was de veloped during the course of the tests as a protection against injury when hanging against trees or rocks. It is a two-piece suit of strong duck. The jacket, closely belted above the hips, has a zipper opening from top to bottom. The trousers, reaching high above the natural waistline and fitting snugly over the jacket, zip open from waistband to feet. In one trouser leg is a large pocket designed to hold the lowering rope. Both gar ments are padded with thick wool felt over vulnerable spots. The col lar is padded and sufficiently flexible i .i ai The smoke jumper watches descent of his equipment chute with its long yel low streamer. r'; ' ri'.-~ yv,/ ETC 22762 so that the jumper can bend his head forward and backward with ease for better visibility. An essential addition to the jump er's outfit is the special protective helmet equipped with a convex mask of heavy steel wire mesh that hinges over the face. The method developed for de livering a jumper to a fire is as fol lows. The aeroplane pilot and jump er flv across the spot of smoke and at what they believe is the proper moment, they release a small burlap test chute loaded with a 10-lb. bag of sand. This enables the pilot to estimate the amount of drift and at the second approach corrections are made and the jumper leaves. Circling a third time the pilot re leases a burlap parachute with a fire fighting pack containing tools, lamp, two days' rations, first-aid kit, water canteen and other small articles. Burlap chutes of the type used for this delivery have been employed by the Forest Service for the past two or three years in dropping hun dreds of tons of food and supplies to back-country fire crews, and every thing from cross-cut saws to boxes of eggs and from baled hay to radio sets have been dropped from aero planes with complete success. Such packages range in weight from 60 to 100 pounds. Meanwhile the smoke jumper, having landed, watches the descent of the equipment chute, which is provided with a long yellow stream er to assist location, and makes his way to it as soon as he has divested himself of his suit. He is then ready to tackle the fire and later report to the nearest forest fire-tower or other station by means of a small short wave radio which he carries. Speaking of the parachute experi ments, Mr. David P. Godwin, in charge of experimental fire control procedure for the Forest Service, re marks: "Such work is hazardous, of course. Human life is involved; but so it is in any protective activity, military or civil. All our Foiest Ser vice flying activity involves risk-- probably more risk than in any type of service flying. So far we have been amazingly lucky and, conceiv ably, the scheme of building up a corps of parachute-jumping woodsmen-fire-fighters may be the most practicable method vet devised for getting to those small inaccessible fires--of which many later grow into our great conflagrations." All photos courtesy U. S. Forest Service Fire-fighting jumper at end of descent about to free himself from chute, remove protection suit and start for fire. ETHYL X E ' s l <5 1 ETC 22763 A New Opportunity for American Youth cholarships under which S 20,000young Americans living or working on farms will be enrolled for a course in farm management and operation are announced by the National Farm Youth Foundation. The Foundation also will award 58 salaried jobs affording practical training and experience in industry closely allied with farming to the students who prove most proficient and most adaptable for such em ployment and training. First announcement of the Foun dation's establishment was made in Chicago in May by E. C. Sherman, president of The Ferguson-Sherman Manufacturing Corporation. Dear born, Michigan. Complete detailed information was presented by R. M. Kyes, director of the Foundation, at a luncheon in the Palmer House. The National Farm Youth Foun dation is established by the Fergu son-Sherman Manufacturing Corpo ration with the active cooperation of -Henry Ford, founder and, Edsel Ford, president of the Ford Motor Company. Mr. Kyes, in describing the Foun dation's program, pointed to the fact that many young men of the farm have not been able to realize their opportunities on the home soil; that it will be the purpose of the Founda- to help them fully obtain the feeling and realization of what farm life can award them in happiness and net income. - "To-day," said Mr. Kyes, "there are over a million young people on farms who under pre-depression conditions would have migrated to the cities. Moreover, there are two illion more males over 20 years of ge on farms than there were in 930. This has resulted in the estab"hment of one million more farms of to-day than there were in 1930. "The aim of the Foundation is to rovide opportunity and useful in formation and training that will pre pare them for positions of leadership in their home communities." Young men enrolled for scholar ships will receive home study courses and also will be given prac tical training and experience on farms in their own localities, and under local supervision. The jobs for which 58 of the stu dents will be selected are with the sponsoring company and its distrib utors. Twenty-nine young men will be given contracts for a year's em ployment at the factory in Dearborn at a salary of $150 a month. They will receive specialized training in factory methods and in service and maintenance work, fitting them for positions of responsibility in indus tries closely allied with farming. Another 29 young men will be se lected for one year contract jobs with the company's distributors, at $125 a month. Every effort will be made to place an additional 725 honor roll students within the industry as soon as pos sible in their own localities where their training and experience will be of greatest value. To be eligible for the Foundation scholarships, young men, American citizens, must be between the ages of 18 and 25, of good character and actually living or working on a farm. Enrollment is free and there is no obligation except the conscientious intention to carry on the study and complete the six months course. In announcing the scholarships, the Foundation points out that it does not compete nor conflict with the excellent work done by 4-H Clubs and the Smith-Hughes voca tional agriculture high schools, but rather affords opportunity for study and advancement to young men past the ages where these other activities are open to them. Applications for enrollment will be accepted at once. Forms for the purpose may be secured by writing to the National Farm Youth Foun dation, Dearborn, Michigan, or may be obtained from Ferguson-Sher man dealers. Thirty-three p.c. Motor Failures Avoidable ONE out of every three automo trouble, 3.8 per cent to starter diffi bile failures on the highway culties. can be avoided by a systematic "Mishaps in these categories are check-up of the motor. not accidental," it is pointed out by Cars should be tuned up after John G. Martin, national director of every 5,000 miles of driving, declare Ethyl Clinics. "They can be pre the engineers, who studied the prob vented by thorough periodic inspec lem of breakdowns in connection tion. A modern motor tune-up in with the operation of a nationwide cludes a check of the battery, spark network of Ethyl clinics. plugs, cables, carburetor, and the Data assembled by the American gasoline lines, as well as a scientific Automobile Association are cited to adjustment of the timing so the gaso show that of the more than 10,000,- line will deliver full power. 000 calls annually for emergency The check-up shows the condi road service, about 33 per cent in tion of these parts, thereby affording volve difficulties with the starting an opportunity to make replace and continuous operation of the ments and thus lessen the chance of motor. About 13 per cent are due to a breakdown along the highway, the battery, 12 per cent to ignition perhaps miles from a garage. o CTOBEII 194 0 [7 J ETC 22764 British Commonwealth Air Training Plan Moves at Full Speed jp) ASED on the experiences of the first World War, it was the be lief of the Government of the United Kingdom that Canada was particu larly well adapted to make a great contribution in the air defense of the Mother Country. Accordingly a plan was presented to the Dominion de signed to provide the Royal Air Force with an ever increasing flow of highly trained pilots, observers and gunners. The arrival of these young men in England was devised to coordinate with the growth and expansion of the home aircraft in dustry. A like proposal was made to both Australia and New Zealand, the whole program to be known as the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. The project was finally ac cepted and the Dominion Minister of National Defense for Air has re ferred to it as "Canada's Greatest Single Enterprise." The events of the last few months in Europe, however, have made it necessary to materially speed up the whole undertaking. Aerodromes scheduled for 1941 and 1942 have been added to the year's program. The demand for immediate rein forcements has been answered by the dispatch of air crews and pilots, trained as instructors, to swell the ranks abroad. Prospective air gunners learn all the characteristics of radio equipment simi lar to that installed in aircraft. This equipment was designed by Canadian firms in conjunction with the R. C.A. F. Provision has been made for their replacement so that the production of trained personnel under the Brit ish Commonwealth Air Training Plan may be delayed as little as pos sible. Moreover, many aircraft al ready received in Canada have been sent back to Britain and others on the high seas en route to the Do minion have been returned to swell the fleets of the Royal Air Force. Consequently production on this side of the Atlantic has been stepped up and provisions made to secure an adequate supply of training planes in this country. During recent years the physical and economic character of Canada ETHYL XEWS [8] ETC 22765 ' ' V' -.fVirit. ysU.:j{i.' v ` r- ".~*, "urt C - < ' ' 5;< - l-.*~ / <S<5 j Royal Canadian Air Force Photo has been revolutionized through Aero engine mechanics and air frame gunner. All applicants (eligible only progress in aviation, perhaps to a ' greater extent than in many other , countries. The Trans Canada Air mechanics receive instructions in main tenance problems at a technical train ing school in Ontario. between 18 and 32) must first visit one of the 20 recruiting centers, sub mit to an interview by the officer in ways' pilots have many hundreds of enlistment in the R.C.A.F. as a pilot, command and undergo a thorough 1 flying hours to their credit. _Their Dbserver, wireless operator or air medical examination. If accepted he planes have been continually flying finds himself at one of the four Man : to points far removed from any rail- BRITISH COMMONWEAUH AIR TRAINING PLAN ning Depots where he gets his uni ; head, carrying mail and supplies for the prospector, mine operator, trad SEQUENCE OF TRAINING form and spends three weeks learn ing elementary drill. er and trapper in the far north. Many After completing the course at the of these pilots were immediately Manning Depot his real training be made available for training instruc gins and the recruit is sent to an tors at the Central Flying Schools. Initial Training School. Here the Canadian aviators distinguished schedule covers a period of four . themselves during the last war in weeks and includes mathematics, the Royal Naval Air Service, the accounts, armament, hygiene and Royal Flying Corps and the Royal sanitation, duties of an officer, drill rAir Force but since the Armistice of and physical training, law and disci 1918, the majority have not kept up pline, administration and organiza with the tremendous changes that tion. The potential flyers are in have taken place in aviation. structed in the Link Trainer, a ma Now as then, it is the young men chine resembling a miniature plane f who are needed to make up the air but fixed to the ground, for the co crews of the fast and intricate craft ordination of mind and muscle and [ being used; men who can withstand their reactions to normal flight move ? the terrific physical strain, absorb ments are recorded. Those who pos [ the knowledge and technique de- sess the qualities necessary for a Lfflanded of them in a short time and pilot are so designated. Their per i with no preconceived idea about deal [their training. lada The recruit makes application for formance at the School governs the selection of the course of instruction that a pupil should follow on gradu- \VS OCT O UER I ft-1 ft ETC 22766 Part of the hundreds of air gunners and wireless operators under instruction at one of the Dominion wireless schools. ation, whether pilot, air observer or air gunner. The embryo pilots proceed to an Elementary Flying Training School for a period of seven weeks and thence to a Service Flying School for twelve weeks. Seven weeks of this to be spent in an intermediate train ing squadron and five in an ad vanced training squadron. 'Finally two weeks in the Bombing and Gun nery School and the pilot is ready for war service. If selected for Observer, the stu dent goes to an Air Observer School for twelve weeks instruction in navi gation, reconnaissance and photog raphy; to a Bombing and Gunnery School for six and an Air Navigation School for four. In the event of selection as an Air Gunner, the recruit proceeds to the Wireless School where his course lasts for eighteen weeks and from there to the Bombing and Gunnery School for a four weeks period mak ing a total of twenty-six weeks training. Of course there are many recruits Royal Canadian Air Force Photo who never attend the Initial Train ing School, but are sent directly to a Technical Training School for re sponsibility of maintenance crews are of equal importance to those of air crews. This then, in brief is the exhaus tive training plan set up by the Do minion Government whose airmen are making a record no less glorious than that made by their fathers in the first World War. All packed and anxious to go. Air men trained in Canada since the outbreak of the tear boarding buses in Ottawa for a port of embarkation. ETC 22767 1e Photo Trainlv to a or re crews lose of xhaus!ie Dolirmen lorious ters in \ir men itbreak Ottawa E ' V-/ . Dutch Thoroughness Pays Good Dividends atAkron Station In 1925 this little gasoline station of Willemsen 6- Pearson occupied 100 square feet of space. income of approximately $2,500 per month. The Dutch tradition of "anvthing less than perfect is worthless" has become the established policy of the firm and no matter how much work it may involve, a car is never allowed to leave the station until it is me chanically perfect. This reputation for honesty and thoroughness, coupled with uniformly courteous service, has created hundreds of friends and boosters who have made possible this rapid and continued growth. ''HE progress of Willemsen & Pearson, Service Station operaL tors of Akron, Ohio, borders on the f inspirational. Starting with a small fc gas station in 1925, this company has developed into one of the most upr to-date and successful tune-up sta tions in the city. Mr. J. W. Willemsen, one of the partners, was born in Holland and P received his early mechanicaljrain[ing in ship yards and locomotive If plants. While serving his apprenticeK ship he learned the value of acI curacy and precision, characteristics gifor which Dutch craftsmen are | noted the world over. In 1925 the little gasoline station [occupied 100 square feet of space; Stoday it covers 8,000 square feet and Tcontains 2 chassis dynamometers iwhich were designed and con[structed by Mr. Willemsen, a frame [and wheel straightening machine vas also designed and made by him |as well as all modern tune-up, brake, [carburetor and electrical service [equipment. Mr. Willemsen became interested [in dynamometers during 1938 as a re sult of his attendance at Ethyl Clinic meetings which were then being held in Akron. At first he was in clined to purchase some commer cially made unit but later discarded he idea and decided to construct his [own. By September of that year the Today Willemsen h- Pearson's modern service station on the same site covers 8,000 square feet, is equipped with two dynamometers and checks an average of 200 cars a month. first unit was placed in operation and only a few months ago his second was completed. The dy namometers were ingeniously con structed and show the value of Mr. Willemsen's early mechanical train ing. The principle involves the use of a hydraulic brake system for ap plying a load. The instrumentation of the units is very good, not only in appearance but in actual use. An average of 200 cars per month are checked on the Willemsen and Pearson dynamometers. This pro vides continuous work for a crew of four mechanics on tune-up work alone. Since the installation of the dynamometers Ethyl sales have in creased 10%. Now 25% of all gasoline sold through the station is Ethyl. In 1939, 37% of their total business was tune-up service which provides an The interior gives a neat and workman like appearance with its thoroughly upto-date equipment. In the center Mr. Willemsen stands by instrument panel while his partner, Mr. Pearson, is on the left. Young Willemsen also shown here is following in his father's footsteps. \OCT O BEU 1940 III] ETC 22768 ri( f Underwood & Underwood Once Pirate Stronghold NowAmerican Outpost for Defense /4^S America prepares for defense \_i\_of the Western Hemisphere the recent discussions with the Domin ion Government become of major importance in the proposed pro gram. At present there exists but one military outpost guarding the Carib bean, protection of which is so vital to the canal and the safety of our shores. This is the beautiful island of Puerto Rico on which Uncle Sam for some 40 years has maintained an army post and more recently an aviation base. But aside from its strategic importance in the 20th Century this little island is steeped in romance of a bygone day. Let one place his finger at random on a map of the Spanish Main. It may be on the calm sunlit waters where swift pirate, ships overhauled and boarded gold-laden galleons bearing treasures from the New World back to Spain. Or perchance on one of the tiny islands which dot the green Caribbean like jewels, where buccaneers bound thenwounds and cached their stolen pieces of eight. In either case you will find unmistakable evidence of those 16th Century adventures. There is the legend of El Yunque (The Anvil) which tops the Luquillo Mountains. These peaks, if the story is to be believed, have successfully guarded their golden secret for more The 65th Infantry of the United States Army on the parade grounds within the ancient citidal overlooking San Juan harbor and the blue Atlantic. than four centuries. When Ponce de Leon first ex plored the island he was amazed to find that all the native chieftains, even those of least importance wore breast plates of hammered gold. Little wonder that he named the island Puerto Rico meaning Rich Port. But time has proved the title a misnomer as the colony has never been prosperous. While traces of gold were found in the streams, even torture failed to wring from these ancient inhabitants the secret of the mother lode and it has remained undiscovered to this day. Although blood has stained its yellow beaches many times, as the island has always been a strategic ETHYL NEWS [ 1*1 ETC 22TB9 point in control of the West Indies, not one of these wars have been with its neighbors. The natives were a traditionally peaceful people. The Island is a strange mixture of Old World charm and 20th Century progress. Government buildings, many of the stores, the schools and the great four-motored Clippers that circle the harbor of San Juan are evidence that Porto Ricans are Americans even though the flag fly ing from the ancient Spanish fortress guarding the harbor did not pro claim it. The beautiful Escambion Beach Club, the fabulous Condado Hotel which sits like a jewel on the water's edge are ultra modem. Yet one can lose ones self in the narrow hilly streets of the ancient city. Cobblestones lead past churches and houses unmistakebly Spanish, only to suddenly come upon a huge A section of the famous Motto Castle at San Juan, Porto Rico, built by Ponce de Leon four centuries ago. It's "haunted sentry box" still stands guard over the harbor entrance. square bounded by American de partment stores with show windows displaying the latest in automobiles and radios. The history of the United States Government's rule over the island is typical of American enterprise. Be fore this country annexed Puerto Rico in 1898 the total school enroll ment was only 15% of the children of school age. Some 600 died of small pox alone each year. Poverty and disease were widespread. In the succeeding generations the United States built schools and roads, introduced sanitation and established a local government. Puerto Ricans not only enjoy the Underwood & Underwood civil liberties familiar to all Amer icans but the freedom to develop their own culture. Moreover they have certain benefits which are de nied citizens in the States. Customs duties and other internal taxes col lected by Puerto Rico are not for warded to the Federal Treasury. The Federal income tax is not levied on the island and inheritance and income taxes which the insular gov ernment may choose to impose re main within the country for the benefit of the islanders. A program of rural resettlement has been ini tiated including reforestration, slum clearance, housing, electrification and building projects. The battlements of San Juan, the island's principal city, were the mightiest in the empire of the Dons, surpassed only by Spain's great Alcazar. One hundred and thirty OCTOBER 1940 [3] ETC 22770 Within the ancient walls stands stately Casa Blanca with the Stars and Stripes proudly waving above its roof. This is now the residence of the governor. feet thick they form a completely walled city considered impregnable a century ago. At one end the huge fort of San Cristobal and at the other the empty gunports of El Morro stare forbiddingly across the harbor entrance. In the ancient fortress the United States Army has built what is prob ably the sportiest and certainly one of the most unique nine-hole golf courses in the world. The greens and fairways would do credit to any club in the States but the hazards are in a class by themselves. One shoots for a hole located in an old moat with an arrow painted on the wall of the fort as the direction marker. The old and new in this land of con trasts. The slow plodding ox team draws Porto Rico's wealth to the mill. Sugar is king in this tropical island. ETC 22771 X tu O.B. Lewis on Defense Fuel Storage Committee OSCAR B. LEWIS, of Ethyl's Safety Division is serving on a special committee of petroleum en gineers in Washington which will act as an advisory board for the gov ernment's plan of establishing un derground storage depots for large quantities of aviation gasoline. Subterranean tanks will be con structed at strategic locations with capacity for 100 days' supply of mo tor fuel for aircraft -- estimated by the Oil and Gas Journal, on the basis of present consumption, at one and a third million barrels. The plan has been approved by the Army, the Navy and the President. Mr. Lewis and the other members of the committee from various oil companies, selected at the request of the Secretary of War and Secre tary of the Navy, will serve with out compensation. They have been "loaned" to the government as an other contribution of the oil industry to our national defense. [Masonry sentry boxes and gun im placements serve as other hazards. [One tee is located on a stone abutIjnent and the player must shoot ^.across an arm of the sea. Puerto Rico is a land of contrasts, f On the finest of roads modem autos 'brush elbows with countless wrecks of bygone days driven by public car ^drivers who will take you anywhere |you wish for a song, or slow plod[ding ox teams drawing primitive ? carts laden with sugar cane. You | may drive for miles through a tunnel of fragrant blossoms formed by an ^arch of beautiful trees which runs \OCT OBEH 1940 [IS] A tee on one of the most unusual golf courses to be found. Here one shoots over the castle wall onto the fairway. into a twisting dirt road of three centuries back. This is the spot which Uncle Sam has chosen and is developing as one of his outposts of defense against possible aggression from the Old World. But Puerto Rico is more than an island outpost, more than a tropi cal playground or a sugar store house. It is a haven of peace. God grant it may so remain. For much of this material we are in debted to the Editors of "The Lamp." Latin American Road Being Steadily Built . Over 58% of Highway Now Open L--j"' the Year 'Round THE observance last spring of Pan-American Day found 1,119 miles of pavement and 761 miles of all-weather highways completed in the long and picturesque span be \ tween the Texas border and the Panama Canal. Fifty-eight per cent of the pro posed trunk line to Panama City-- the Inter-American Highway -- is now open to traffic the year 'round. In addition, 648 miles of dry weather roads have been constructed on the same route in the seven Latin-Amer- ican countries. Eventually this highway will con nect at Panama City with the South American route, linking the two con tinents of the western hemisphere by motor, and opening vast new frontiers for travel and economic development. ETC 22772 The George Rogers Clark Memorial was established by an Act of Congress to commemorate the winning of the old northwest and the achievements of Clark and his associates during the American Revolution. Vincennes, Indiana, Once Capital of aVast Territory HROUGHOUT the world there are many ancient cities whose beginnings are shrouded in romance, which in itself, lends to the com munity a charm that can never be broken. Although according to Old World standards, Vincennes is young, still it remains a milestone in the development of this country and the great Northwest territory. When the open praries stretched far across the land and the primeval forest threw its shade across man's path, a small band of French sol diers, either from New Orleans or Canada, came silently up the Ouabache (Wabash). They landed at a place where there were mounds of a prehistoric race, and at that time, a village of Piankeshaw Indians. With the soldiers came a black robed priest and here he first held holy communion in Nature's Church. The date of their coming is lost in the past and has been the subject of much discussion, whether in 1690, 1702 or 1732, but in any event these pioneers finding it a good place to erect a fort, established a garrison outpost. Here was the ford across the river to the Illinois, and from the east and west all travel passed. The newly founded settlement was called "Aux Poste" and soon, friendly relations were established with the neighboring tribes. The French settlers were a music-loving people and the fiddle resounded here nightly to the strain of Creole music--then, as now, the moonlight on the Wabash lent enchantment to the love dreams of her people. The houses of these early French settlers were built of logs and usu ally consisted of one room with an earthen floor covered with reeds. Such was the "Aux Poste" or `Tost Vincennes" as it was later called by the French. With the advent of the English through Cumberland Gap, came the Anglo-Saxon trader and with his ar rival, the gay Creole passed into history, though the long list of French names such as DeLisle, Richardville, Bouchie, Souligney, Soudriette and Brouillette remain today, token of the descent of Vincennes' oldest families. The English built well and from and around their building sprang the Northwest territory, later to be come the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and part of Minnesota, a realm larger than all of Europe. Here it was that George Rogers Clark saw the realization of his dreams when he wrested the terri tory from the British. A man en dowed with an iron will, unafraid of God or man he was able to inspire others. It was he who invisioned the empire in the West and his persua sive manner enlisted the help of Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia, to aid him in his life's ambition. A battle was fought, the only one of the American Revolution west of the Alleghanies, and here Lord Hamilton surrendered, being the highest ranking officer captured in the War. By this the new country, in a single battle, gained more terri tory than had ever been won before in the history of world conquests. The event, although taking place in the back woods, might well be termed the "Birth of a Nation" as with this vast territory the United States was destined to become a world power, for with the American flag came flocking a great array of homesteaders to purchase lands. At Vincennes two courts were opened, one a federal territorial court presided over by Judge Vanderberg, the other commonpleas court. Before the latter, consisting of three judges, most cases were tried. Its old records are beautifully written in long hand and are very interesting; for striking a negro a man was fined one-half pence; for fighting a white man, two pence; but for "whooping the Town Marshall" the sum of twelve pence. Again, we find one is fined so many buttons. A land office was opened and property sold for fifty cents an acre. Below Vincennes are the French grants. The land office was in charge of John Badollet who graduated from West Point in the year 1811. A branch of the Old United States bank was established under ETHU NBWS [ i<5 ] ETC 22773 [Nathaniel Ewing and General Wil liam Henry Harrison established the [first college in the territory in 1807. [The first Masonic lodge was inst ituted by General Johnson in 1809, |and Elihu H. Stout brought the first [printing press. But Indians in the neighborhood |grew threatening. The Shawnee unJder the leadership of Tecumseh [were dancing their war dances, [ while the Indian Prophet constantly f kept them inflamed against the |whites. A meeting was arranged to rtalk peace but availed nothing. [While the kettle drums beat the [reveille, the troops assembled and The first Capitol of the Territory and the District of Louisiana once one of the most important public buildings in America. Its simple lines and stoop porch suggest a bit of Colonial New England transplanted to the banks of the Wabash. j The old cathedral more than a century and a half ago was regarded as the finest Vfuilding in the State. Before its doors Lord Hamilton surrendered Fort Sackville to Col. George Rogers Clark in 1779. Zachary Taylor; two admirals, Al bert E. Niblack and Nathaniel Usher; Major General Carter; one Minister plenipotentiary, Hubbard H. Smith and several Governors, among whom were Jonathan Jen nings and "Blue Jeans" Williams. Aptly enough old Vincennes on the banks of the Wabash, might well be termed the shrine of the middle west to the memory of departed heroes. Under the fleur-de-lis of the Louis; the British Ensign of the Georges and the Stars and Stripes of the United States, the history of Vincennes may well serve as an in spiration to the patriotic youth of our land. narched to Tippecanoe under Har dison's leadership. The Prophet was ^defeated and the power of the Shaw nee was forever broken. Vincennes has had, as residents, nany distinguished citizens, among [them two presidents of the United States, William Henry Harrison and (This house erected by General William menry Harrison in 1804 while Governor Iof Indiana has become a national fhrine. In the yard stand the trees unwhich the Governor had his cele brated meeting with Tecumseh. \V8 October i 940 [ i7 1 ETC 22774 MANY, and particularly those of us residing in the East, think that the old time lawlessness of the western cattle country has entirely disappeared. However, "rustling," which was associated with that sec tion in years gone by, still flourishes though the methods used have be l!H;J come streamlined. shot on the range of one of the Cattle In the early days branding irons Association's members, the bullet were considered effective weapons creasing the neck of the animal went against the cattle thief, yet rustlers would drive 100 or more head at a time from unguarded herds, change the brand marks, and then take their loot to market. But today, with fast trucks, long range rifles, to shoot animals in pastures, and with the hide destroyed, the beef may be quickly and safely disposed of. Time was when a cattle thief swinging at the end of a rope from some lonesome cottonwood, was a sign to discourage rustling on the southwest plains. Now "Reward" notices posted on those same trees or in some conspicuous place are A Reward of $200 Will Be Paid By The Central Arizona ! CattleFeeders'Ass'n For The Arrest And Conviction Of Any Person Or Persons Stealing Cattle From Any Member Of Said Association. ' doing the work of those gruesome warnings of the past. An interesting story comes to us This reward is revocable at the published notice of the Association. from Mr. L. F. Mawhinney, Editor of "Arizona Farmer" which ap peared in his paper. The culprit is CENTRAL ARE. CATTLE FEEDERS' ASSN. HCflEL ADAMS LOSSY 109 N. CENTRAL AVE. Phone 3-0388 PHOENIX, ARE. now serving 18 months to three years in jail. Here is the tale: A yearling was New reward notice of Central Arizona Cattle Feeders Ass'n. in drive against cattle thieves. ,!utz.$ /'2. on to kill a second heifer. The thief killed the first animal by cutting its throat, loaded it into his truck and drove to a secluded spot where he commenced butchering but with the operation only partially completed, he continued on his way. While going over a crossing he lost his load and the heifer being tied to the truck was dragged some distance. How ever, the paunch of the animal fell out and was found at the cross-roads by some road workers. This started the investigators on the trail and by following the drag marks they finally came upon the carcass. Eventually the truck was discovered, blood stains upon it and a rifle with one ex ploded shell. The accompanying pic tures were assembled and used as evidence when the suspect was hailed to court and the facts were so conclusive that the man finally con fessed the crime. This is only one example of small time rustling but many times the thieves are well organized and oper ate on a large scale. One such in- I 5;: ..a;,.. fill /3 ETHYL NEWS r is i ETC 22775 Carcass found, showing leg off. stance occurred on the Kansas Oklahoma border and it was some months before the culprits were apprehended, according to our informant, Mr. Clarence Roberts, Editor of the "Farmer-Stock man." The band operated with a large truck bear ing the name of a ficticious furniture company. In side it was fitted up as a complete slaughter house. Light trucks were used to pick up stolen cattle which were turned over to the larger truck for skinning and slaughtering. The hides, if branded, were destroved and the carcass sold to butchers. f ts id ie ie d, le id :k v- 11 ds d )V W Iv id x- . rr;v Shelving -lyhem buffet cr^sechfieifer's neck. c- [tlH - : A.? ' *`Vfj^. ----- dS The modern thief scouts the country ahead of dS time to select the animals he will later pick up out so of the farmer's pastures. He, of course, must select n- a pasture into and out of which he can drive with out going through the gates located near the farm house. Therefore, he is likely to operate in smooth country only. Having located the animals, he waits until night and ropes or shoots the animal he wants depend OVT O UE It 1940 [ *9 ] ing upon his market outlet. Some of these men sell to local butchers who ask no questions concerning the ownership of the animal. The technique of operating in a ranch country is somewhat different. As a practice, ranchmen keep all their cattle branded down to calves five and six months old. However, there is consider able loss of calves even younger than this. Thieves have been picking up unbranded calves weighing only 200 pounds which they sell through com Investigator points to blood stains on truck. ' ' vV-* >. ' i `v%mi , - J^ munity sales or to some butcher. Organizations of stockmen are being formed to offer rewards for conviction of the thieves and brand inspectors are maintained at central mar kets, although this inspection does not protect against the theft and sale of slaughtered animals. While these measures are helpful, they are com plicated by the fact that there is no specific federal statute to protect the cattlemen and many of the stolen animals are moved across state lines. Owner of the heifer and member of livestock sanitary board examine brand and drag marks on hide. y ETC 22776 S Sj-o C mm V\ 1 < 1/ Canada "Wide Open" As Usual IN Canada now the foliage is turn ing and the air growing crisp. for you there. But, Uncle Sam says you must have proper identification Rifles crack, shotguns bark in the to return to the States. Your birth Big Woods; here and there your certificate is sufficient. This is im nostrils will catch a trace of camp portant. smoke or fresh trout in the frying Everything has been arranged to pan. Duck and geese are overhead. make the American tourist feel at Bear, deer and small game stalk the home. They want Americans up woods with every sense on the alert there this year as never before. . . . the season is in full swing, as Why? open as ever it has been and Amer One big reason is the economic ican hunters are more welcome than trade balance of the two neighbor ever. countries. Canada buys a lot more Don't let yourself think the war goods from us than she sells to us; has closed the doors to Canada. You have to apply in advance (to the Customs or the Mounted Police) for permits to bring in your own guns--but in every other way you're as free to come and go as you are in the States. There are no new restric tions on travel, no passports re quired, no rules against cameras; not even an appreciable change in the cost of gasoline for over a year. Food, as always, is plentiful--and your American dollar is worth $1.10, pegged there by the Canadian gov ernment. Any bank will change it Vacation really starts when you reach your camp. Even unpacking your duffle is fun. last year she imported 153 million dollars' worth more than she ex ported to us. True enough, we im port more from the Dominion than from any other country--but she is the second largest customer in our export business, which is manv times greater. Last year's trade with Canada alone was three-fourths the volume of all our other trade in the western hemisphere put together. 16% of our total exports went there$493,450,000 worth, or two-thirds of all Canada's imports. From Canada we buy chiefly non-ferrous metals, newsprint, wood pulp, lumber and grains; in return we send her 3,000 different items. And we're selling her more all the time. With each month of the war balance of trade goes further against Canada--and as it does, she counts more heavily on three sources of income from us; production of gold, holdings of American securities, and money left in the country by tourists, skiers, snowshoe and bob-run ad dicts; hockey, skating and curling fans; fishermen, hikers and hitch hikers, neophyte Nimrods and those who simply like to go where the air is fresh and invigorating, the sur roundings friendly, the scenery sim ple and beautiful. f c b c c I c V c' f a i b V l ( b. E 0 I t- V n D c n a e ti rt fi Brought down by the guide, this grizzly will make a beautiful rug in front of somebody's hearth. ETHYL NEWS [ 20 ] f* bi ETC 22777 Chemists Learn ofNew Product ANEW triumph of American manv of its potential uses as possible chemistry--a synthetic rubber by such tests as can be devised. which is made easily and directly Because of the dominating impor from petroleum and which over tance of the automobile tire field as comes disadvantages of natural rub an outlet for rubber, tests were un ber--was announced on September dertaken on a small scale early in the 9th in Detroit at the opening session development to answer the question of the 100th national meeting of the as to whether or not butyl rubber American Chemical Society by had any possibilities in this direc chemists of the Standard Oil De tion. Most of the efforts, however, velopment Company. The material, were concentrated on problems in called "butyl rubber" can be manu volved in the manufacturing process. factured in any required quantities When the future supply of natural as rapidly as the necessary plant rubber became a matter of national facilities are installed. concern. Standard was requested by The discovery of butyl rubber has the Army and Navy Munitions been a closelv guarded secret, and Board to cooperate with one or more was first revealed last June bv W. S. rubber companies to the end that Farish, president of the Standard Oil the suitability of butyl rubber for Companv of New Jersey, at a stock tire manufacture could be deter holder's meeting. At the Detroit mined at the earliest possible mo meeting, Dr. Per K. Frolich, director ment. Such a program was promptly of the chemical division of the Esso undertaken and is still in progress. Laboratories, presented the first Butyl rubber, a 100 per cent pe technical report of the new product, troleum hydrocarbon product, is a which, it is declared, will share in "radical departure from the conven making this country independent of tional approach to the problem of natural rubber and will also signifi-' supplying the nation's need for syn cantly stimulate further achieve thetic rubber," Dr. Frolich declared. ment in rubber technology by rea Distinctive characteristics of the son of its peculiar chemical nature. new synthetic include greater ability It was revealed that the new pro to stretch than natural rubber; re cess climaxes ten years of coopera markable stability and durability; tive effort by the Standard Oil freedom from impurity, taste and | research, development and manage odor; lack of color; good age, tear ment units carried on entirely inde and abrasion resistance; amazing re pendent of any other snythetic rub sistance to mineral acids, and un ber development either in this usual electrical properties. country or abroad. Because petroleum and rubber are The United States military au built up of the same two chemical thorities have been kept informed elements, carbon and hydrogen, the of progress, and for two years tests Standard Oil Development Com have been conducted to evaluate pany became interested in synthetic butyl rubber for specialized defense rubber possibilities. It would seem purposes. These tests will continue. that the petroleum industry with its Butyl rubber is currently produced abundant supply of low cost hydro from petroleum in a semi-commer carbons is in the best position to cial pilot plant by processes more supply our needs for synthetic rub direct and simple than those re ber. quired for production of other syn The fundamental chemical differ thetic rubbers, it was stated. ence between natural and butyl rub The Esso Laboratories are still ber is that the natural rubber mole busy evaluating butyl rubber for as cule is highly "unsaturated," while the butyl rubber molecule is unsat urated only just enough to allow it to be vulcanized, and no more. This control of unsaturation is the key to butyl rubber's distinctive properties. In spite of the remarkable prog ress which has been made in rubber technology in the last decades, it has not been possible to prevent rubber articles from continuing to combine with chemically reactive agents. The most serious manifestation of this is the well-known deterioration of rub ber on aging, due to chemical attack by oxygen from the air. Just as a spare tire loses more and more of its potential road mileage as it grows older, so all of our many rubber household articles, including rubberinsulated electric wiring, gradually deteriorate until they have to be re placed. Through years of research the Esso Laboratories have developed butyl rubber which after vulcaniza tion is a product with substantially no residual chemical unsaturation. As a result, the new product is char acterized by a remarkable stability and durability which for many pur poses make it superior to natural rubber and to other synthetics. This Month's Cover A late September afternoon at Rockport, Massachusetts, on Cape Ann. This sketch was painted expressly for the "News" by Jack Manley Rose. OCTOBER 19 40 Ui] ETC 22778 A What is. GOLF? OLF is a form of work made ex- and put in to make the game harder. G' pensive enough for a rich man A "Hole" is a tin cup in the center of to enjoy it. It is physical and mentaal "Green." A "Green" is a small par Each implement has a specific purpose and ultimately some golfers get to know what that purpose is. exertion made attractive by the facct el of grass costing about S1.9S a They are the exceptions. that vou have to dress for it in a blade, and usually located between After each hole has been com S200.000 Club House. a brook and a couple of apple trees, pleted the golfer counts his strokes. Golf is what letter carrying, ditch or a lot of unfinished excavations. Then he subtracts six and savs digging and carpet beating would The idea is to get the golf ball "Made that in five. That's one above be if those three tasks had to be per from a given point into each of the par. Shall we play for fifty cents on formed on the same hot afternoon in eighteen cups in the fewest strokes the next hole, too, Al?" short pants and colored slacks by and the greatest number of words. After the final, or eighteenth hole, goutv-looking gentlemen who re The ball must not be thrown, the golfer adds up his score and quired a different implement for pushed or carried. It must be pro stops when he has reached eighty- every mood. pelled by about S200.00 worth of seven. He then has a swig out of a Golf is the simplest looking game curious looking implements, espe pint of gin, sings "Sweet Adeline" in the world when you decide to cially designed to provoke the with six or eight other liars and calls take it up, and the toughest looking owner. it the end of a perfect dav. | after you have been at it ten or twelve'vears. It is probably the only known game a man can play as long as a quarter of a century and then dis cover that it was too deep for him in the first place. The game is played on carefully selected grass with little white balls and as many clubs as the player can afford. These balls cost from 73 cents to $25.00, and it is possible to sup port a family of ten people (all adults) for five months on the money represented bv the balls lost by some golfers in a single afternoon. A golf course has eighteen holes, seventeen of which are unnecessary The Following Service Awards have been made as of October 1st, 1940 10 YEARS James S. Krick New York Sales D.Albert Martin Los Angeles Sales 5 YEARS I.Martin McCooley Atlanta Sales Two British Tommies, on active duty, play chess with a set made from spare automobile parts. Spark plugs, valve springs, bolts, tire valves, and small screws are the parts that were salvaged to make the set. Columbia Ntus Photos E T Mir L X E ' S [ 22 ] ETC 22779 Marjorie B. Ficke is not really a new comer to the Ethyl fam i1y as she joined us on a temporary basis last .spring. How ever, on August lltli she was put on the permanent payroll and is now a member of the Stenographic Department. Marjorie hails from Hollis. Xew York. She attended the Jamaica High School. Queens College and the Katharine Gibbs Secretarial School. Prior to coming with Ethyl she was with the American Radiator Company. On September loth, 1940, Miss Phyllis Mary Goode became Mrs. Edgar \V. Wheat, Jr. The ceremony took place in the Rectory of St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, Md. The groom was originally associated with the Baltimore Division but has re cently been transferred to the Detroit Gasoline Testing Laboratory. Our con gratulations, Mr. and Mrs. Wheat. ooo Congratulations, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Ahrens! We hear Fred, Jr. made his ap pearance on September 6th at 11 a.m., weighing 8 pounds 6 ounces! Fred Senior is our Indianapolis Representativ e from the Chicago Division. oo And while we're on the subject of young male hope fuls from the Chi cago territory, here's a picture of Master Paul Yates, son of Mr. and Mrs. Torbin F. Yates. The per sonification of health and happi ness and a credit to the Yates family. They certainly grow 'em big 'n htiskv out Chi cago way. ooo On Saturday, September 14, EIRe Dow Courtney became the wife of James B. I Cogan. The ceremony took place at the i Sherry' Netherlands in New York City at nine o'clock in the morning and was fol lowed by a wedding breakfast. At noon the : bride and groom took the boat for Sea Island, Georgia, and upon their return, will : set up housekeeping in Forest Hills, L. I. Ever since Effie Dow joined the Ethyl family three years ago, she has been secre tary to Mr. Gonzales, Secretary of the Cor' poration. She has now resigned her posi tion with the idea of rolling up her sleeves and really going in for the domestic life. Our very best wishes go to you both, Mr. and Mrs. Cogan, for health, happiness and ! good luck. NEWSBRIEFS The Manufacturing Department in Deep water have all sorts of major events to re port. i.e.: The babv contest at Deepwater wound up about in a draw. On August 13th, Rudy Williams became the father of a sevenpound thirteen-once baby boy, named Ceorge Samuel without hesitation. Due credit is given by Rudy for the insignifi cant part played by George's mother. With his reputation at stake, Bob Dixon was very much relieved when, on August 23rd, Peter Ogden, an eight-pound model was born. Our most hearty congratulations to both mothers and fathers and the recipients of the candy and cigars thank you. Double ev ents are the fashion at Deep water. On Saturday, September 7th at 4 p.m., Lydia W. Ev ans, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. John A. Evans of Baltimore, Mary land, was married to Elwood (Andy) R. Anderson at the bride's home in Baltimore. After a short trip to South Carolina, the Andersons will make their residence in Woodstown, X. J. On October 5th Doris E. Brown, who has been with the Deepwater plant for three years, was married to David H. Tay lor of Great Neck, New York. The cere mony took place at the Church of Our Merciful Savior at Penns Grove, N. J. Doris resigned her position with the Ethyl fam ily and the bride and groom will live in Parkehester, New York. Both of these events were the occasion for surprise celebrations at the plant office. "Andy" Anderson, who had managed to remain a bachelor for quite some time, finally succumbed and both he and Doris Brown were presented with gifts for im mediate and future use. We extend our very best wishes and con gratulations to the newlyweds in their new ventures. After a very short vacation, the Boston Di vision stork has again returned, this time to deliver one, Keith Richardson to the household of the R. W. Richardsons at Clinton, Connecticut. Young Keith arrived on August 29th and was weighed in at 7 pounds, 15?i ounces. The Richardsons are now blessed with four junior members in their household. Thus, for the time being at least, they are tied for first place honors with the Matt Tavlors of Boston. oO O A daughter was born to Mr. and Mrs. Don ald H. Pulleyblank on September loth. Her weight is recorded as 6 pounds, 6 ounces, and her proud father is an engineer of the staff of the Detroit Testing Labora tory. This young lady has been named Martha Elizabeth, thus dropping out of the competition for the silver cup offered by Dave Davidson for the first girl baby in the Laboratory family to be named Ethyl. Thomas H. Risk, for the past five years with the Pure Oil Com pany, has joined tlie Ethyl Gaso line Corporation in the Refinery Technology Div ision, it was an nounced recently by Mr. William H. Hubner, in charge of that division. M.-. Risk will extend the technical service of fered to Ethyl's refinery licencees through contact with refiners, and will assist in coordinating automotive research activities at Ethyl's Detroit and San Bernardino en gineering laboratories with trends in refin ery procedures. Prior to joining Pure Oil Company as automotive engineer in 1935, Mr. Risk was with Soconv-Vacuum Oil Company in the Paulsboro, N. J., laboratories. 000 On Friday evening, September 20th, 1940. at 9 o'clock, in a little church in Caldwell, N. J., Shirley' Elizabeth Morris was married to Ralph Augustine Hewitt. Shirlev is a member of the Administration Department and has recently been put in charge of the Stenographic Division. The bride and groom will live at 544 West 114th Street, New York Citv. We offer our hearty congratulations and the very best of luck to Mr. and Mrs. Hewitt. George Krieger, who's marriage on April 23rd last came as a great surprise to his as sociates (see May "News"), is doing nicely, thank you, judging by this snapshot recently received from our Los Angeles cor respondent. George, you amaze us. ooo Ed Johnson of the Chemical Engineering Department at Detroit, who had been lo cated at the Deepwater plant since August, 1939, terminated his assignment at the plant on Friday, August 23rd, and has re turned to Detroit. Prior to his departure, the employees of the Manufacturing De partment gave him a farewell dinner, which was also attended by the top-rank ing supervisors of the DuPont Company with whom Ed had been in close associa tion. In all, twenty people attended and the high lights of the evening were the choral effects and the scientific demonstra tion of poker playing by the guest of honor. During his stay at Deepwater. Ed had become one of the Family and the Manu facturing Department extends its best wishes in his new assignment. This is the school the bus built j\f)T so many years ago the size of a country school district was limited hv the distance a pair of liulc legs could walk. W ith the development of motor hoses and good roads it became pos sible to combine many "one-room" schools into the modern consolidated or township school .serving children living manv miles awav. But improving rural educational fa cilities is only one wav in which motor transportation has benefited American families cvervwhere. For the bus-- along with the automobile, truck and airplane--has ghen greater and greater freedom from the restrictions of dis tance. allowed people to establish their homes far from factories, oliices or stores. Because motor transportation lias be come such a vital pait of the national picture, research for its further im provement takes or. a new importance. Recent models are far superior in de knowledge our research workers are sign and construction to those of onlv contributing results from experiments a few sears ago, yet forward-looking with possible future fuels, super engineers promise even greater devel charged engines and engines having opments-- parricularlv in performance and ccoiiontv. super-compression ratios. And in order that technical progress may be more This Inrihcr improvement is a task tpiicklv reflected in "better and more lor coopciatiie reseatch hv the manu- economical transportation." our field lactmers ol engines, engine parts and engineers cooperate with fleet users materials and the refiners of fuels and in the practical application of lahor.i- lubricants, l or the development of en torv findings. gines is inscpaiahlv linked to the de- Et/nl Gasoline Corporation. ( ' \ elopment of fuels. Building. X, io York City. niannjai mu i We of tlie blind Casoiinc Corpora oj anti-knockJlnids loud by od compann i tion. th.ough our Research Labora to improve asoliue. tories in Detroit and San Bernardino, are helping to coordinate the developments of the automotive and petro Better and more economical leum industries hv engaging in joint programs with their transportation through technical organizations. To an ever-increasing fund of ETHYL RESEARCH SERVICE ETC 22781 A| it J ;i :t ;i i i i Palm trees, "higher than the elandsgrow everywhere around X(issue. Beneath this one, at one of the many beaches, stands a thatched-roof picnic shelter. [story on page 12] ETC 22783 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDING NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor FRANCIS V. V. ADRIANCE NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. RUSSEL B. WESTON Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J- A. Costello F. S. Croxin B. R. Jones A. B. Wyrick A. C. Tully D. S. Flynn R. L. Goltz M. P. Murdock C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dayton Kansas City New York Los Angeles Seattle Tulsa Mfg. Dept. I L. Barnum Baton Rouge C. Wassermax Deepwater i E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty- Chemical Research E. L. Barringer Detroit J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing nth iter. 12] Hubert Fossett London r & THE MATERIAL IN THIS PUBLICA I TION MAY BE REPRINTED PROVIDED ti-- DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS IT IS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 11 American Front HE United States today is a lonely nation. T The one friend we have is fighting for her life with every ounce of her strength. Those snarling fellows who plan to be masters of Europe, frankly hate the things we stand for and covet our possessions. They are licking their chops now at the very thought of us. We stand alone in what Hugh Johnson calls "this lying, welching, double-crossing, treatybreaking world." It seemed to happen so suddenly. Only a little while age we thought we were safe, and now we are among the last surviving free peoples. The other democracies were slow and ineffective. Will we be any less so? They set about defending themselves cautiously, anxious not to disturb the existing order too much. It was like the paralysis of a dream. For all the time they were dawdling they were up against a military system that was drawing ruthlessly on the entire life of its people. What we Americans need is an affirmative attitude towards democracy, a conviction that it is precious and infinitely worth saving. In France people went around plaintively asking each other what they were fighting for. Collapse could hardly fail to come after that. Have we forgotten our aggressive spirit of the past? We licked a lot of things in the old days. We can do it again. But our soft, cushioned life is over. Whether we like it or not a new "iron age" has dawned. Sooner or later every civilization is confronted bv a life-or-death chal lenge. Our hour has come. Will we meet it with full courage, or are we going to squander our strength trying to hang onto our comforts? Do luxu ries mean more to us than freedom? Despite our fine traditions we have slipped into inconsequential, mean ingless wavs. Too many of us lead shabby little lives without value or significance. The luxuries with which we have surrounded ourselves tend to lead us away from the virile world of our fathers. Onlv power counts today. Against that a life of ease has no force. Yet it remains a fact that no nation in this war so far has been subdued by military means alone. Crumbling and disorganization within have paved the wav for surrender every time. In America we are confident that our factories and workers can provide us with all the external symbols of defense. We will have planes, ships, guns. But these alone will be little real protection. Inside the countrv there must be a united people with a faith in themselves and the way of life they have chosen. Only such a people will be impossible to conquer. Only such a people can stand up to a furious barbarian assault and emerge proud and free. Here in the United States humanity may have to make its last stand. Let us forge a stronger purpose and a firmer will than the others, and we shall have nothing to fear. ISv permission Bipclow. Kent, H'illaid & Co., Boston. Mass. In This Issue American Front Bromine Rides Cape Fear River Service Station on Wheels Baton Rouge Bridge Engineers Scan Next Decade Enormous Gasoline Consumption in War Armv Boys Name It "The Jeep" "Promised Land" in Gulf Stream Chemists Prepare to Aid Defense Program Nation's Newest Express Highwav Super Service Station in Glass Millions Ride to School by Bus Baton Rouge Family Continues to Grow Newsbriefs--Service Awards L ibv a Bromine Rides a River Rich in His toric Memories HE Eclco. a trim but sturdy tug Tboat. has one of the most active jobs in connection with Ethyl-Dow's busy bromine extraction plant at Kure Beach. She hauls bargeloads of chlorine, acid. coal, coke and alcohol _down the Cape Fear River to the plant from the citv of Wilmington. X. C.. and carries ethylene dibro mide, the finished product, on the 17-mile trip back to town. But these are no ordinary 17 miles. The Cape Fear River, which now wanders so placidly a league and a half from Wilmington down to the sea, flows through a part of the country where each ancient cypress could tell a story of red men and white who have lived on the river; men clad in buckskin, in bright red coats, and later in uniforms of blue and gray. To reach the Eclco's wharf we picked our way through the water front freightvards of the Atlantic Coast Line, where a new motorpowered switch engine, painted a brilliant deep lavender, was sorting out a string of freight cars. Two of them were flat cars loaded with blunt, heavy cylinders of compressed chlorine. These were run out on the wharf, where our tug waited beside a steel barge. On the deck of the barge rode a gasoline-powered crane with a spe "Does that come with us?" we asked. Jim nodded. "That's the seagoin'est crane in North Carolina," he said. "Two trips or more a day for a couple of years, about 4500 miles up and down this river so far." Just below our dock we passed the first landmark of historical interest, the new customs house. It was here during the American Revolution, that a camp of British regulars were harrassed bv the sniping of a local sharpshooter who hid on a spit of land some distance up the river and picked off a handful of red coats every day. Farther down are a group of large oil terminals and a busy cial sling for handling the chlorine cylinders and at the controls sat the Edcos pilot. Jim Laughlin. He waved a friendly greeting and went to work on the drums with Bruce Ward, engineer and master, and Rob Hewitt, deckhand of the tug. Soon they had all the tanks stowed on the barge. Picking up another barge piled high with coal, we swung out into the stream. Looking back, we saw the crane still aboard the second barge. The "sea-goin'est crane in Sorth Caro lina" commutes daily between Wil mington and Kure Beach on this barge behind the Ethyl-Dow tug, Edco. lumber yard, built where Confeder ates made a last stand against the Union troops who took Wilmington in 1865. A sidelight of contemporary inter est was a Yugoslavian freighter anchored at the edge of the channel, opposite the lumber yard. She had been all set to take on a cargo of scrap iron for Italy but when the war moved into the Mediterranean she slipped downstream to await de velopments. "And she's still wait- int is i Cc er; sir str po da im /, fai V cv Bk shth< to th tb re: no T1 arfe uf * ne m. to e> al< ar br vi" th i fr i PI The Edco, Iithijl-Dow'ssturdy tugboat, has one of the busiest jobs on the Cape Fear River. 12 TM Vi MEWS [41 .V ETC 22785 ing!" said our pilot. Just above her is moored the old Presidential yacht, Columbia, which was firegutted sev eral years ago. Deckhouses have since been rebuilt but the recon struction stopped before doors or portholes were cut through. Farther down is a landmark which dates back to when Wilmington was incorporated two centuries ago, the famous "Dram Tree", a venerable cypress which stands in the water, like a fisherman, about 15 feet from shore. Traditionally, this is where the old boatmen tied up to rest and to take a measure of strength from the little brown jug. Miles below this spot, in sight of the Ethvl-Dow plant, we passed the remains of an old Confederate fort, now screened behind a stand of pine. The gun emplacements for the fort are still traceable, though there are few old shells or bullets to be dug up around the site. Apparently it never saw heavy action, serving mainly to protect the river approach to the city of Wilmington. A sharpeyed person, however, will find along these banks a wealth of small arrowheads and the remains of., broken Indian pottery, marking the villages of tribes who once inhabited the Cape Fear peninsula. Almost directly across the river from Ethvl-Dow are the ruins of St. Phillip's Church, the first church along the Cape Fear River. St. Phillip's is older than the city of Wilmington, a relic of the days when Indians and English settlers shared the territory. Although roof and doors have now collapsed and trees are growing where once the settlers sat through three-hour sermons, the walls still stand. They were built of brick shipped from England and were four feet thick to withstand Indian raids. At the old river's mouth once stood Fort Johnson, an English stronghold which was captured dur ing the first month of the Revolu tion by a band of American militia under Colonel John Ashe. Many skirmishes occurred in the region of Wilmington, which had offered armed resistance to the British long before the Boston Tea Party. Bv far the most famous landmark on the entire peninsula is the site of Fort Fisher, which was of great stra tegic importance to the Confederate states. Located about six miles be low Kure's Beach, this Fort guarded the principal mouth of the river in the days when the stream was sev eral miles shorter than it now is. De fended by this stronghold, Wilming- Fort Fisher, with the mound battery in the foreground and Fort Buchanan at the extreme left. From Frank Leslie's Magazine, February 18th, 1865. ton was the one Southern port which successfully withstood the Union blockade. Blockade runners time and again slipped through the Union warships clustered at the river mouth to bring in cloth, candles, sugar and "Nassau bacon." which had been shipped out of the North ern states to the Bahamas for this trade and to carry out cotton and naval stores. Wilmington was thus the only remaining life line the South had on the Atlantic, and it was common talk that "when Fort Fisher roes, the war will be over." One of the pilots of the blockade runners was Julius Potter, the great grandfather of Jim Laughlin of the Edco. From one of his ships, the Ella, the Laughlin family now has a set of 18-inch candlesticks. The wreck of another ship he sailed, the Beauregarde, lies off the beach on the ocean side of the peninsula within sight of the Ethyl-Dow pumping station. Eight years ago a pair of Jim's friends salvaged two cases of whisky from the hull of the Beauregarde, submerged for two generations. It was exceeding mellow, they de clared. Today the Cape Fear River flows through peaceful country. But the Edco and the big ships that follow the deep water channel slide quietly past the ghosts of brave men who once struggled along its shores. -V ovember to to L 5) ETC 22786 Service Station on Wheels Cuts Farm Costs / Truck Which Carries Fuel and Lubricants to Tractors in the Field Makes Substantial Sav ings in Money, Time and Labor HE Boston Land Company was Tup against a problem. Fifteen tractors and numerous other mecha nized units were working night and day on its 40,000 acres at West- haven, California, 27,000 of which were under cultivation and irriga tion and all these machines were being serviced from "trapwagons" by hand pumps and buckets, a meth od which was as costly and difficult as it was old-fashioned. Marshall Bond, president of the Boston Land Company, is an ener getic citizen who never hesitates about discarding unprofitable meth ods of farming. He went to work on the problem and before long came to the conclusion that a traveling / service station for lubricating and refueling was the answer. Such a de vice would save time, money and labor. So Mr. Bond went into a Fuddle , \ \ with the West Coast Division of the v. - Tide Water Associated Oil Com pany and that company designed and built the service station on wheels shown in the accompanying sential for night servicing, as the farm is operated on a 24-hour basis. Five 65-gallon tanks are mounted across the bed. Two of them contain engine oil, which is pumped from the tanks through totalizing meters by power pumps. The oil passes through hoses 20 feet long, equip ped with control nozzles. The third tank contains water, which is delivered to the tractor under ten pounds of air pressure. The water goes through 30 feet of % photographs. Service equipment is mounted on the all steel bed of a one and a half ton, cab-over-engine Ford truck. The latter has special overload springs and 7.50 x 20 eight-ply tires, dual on the rear and single in front. Special gears give it six speeds for ward and two in reverse which en able the vehicle to travel over plowed land and other rugged ter rain that would stop an ordinary truck. Looking along the truck bed from the cab to the rear, the first pieces of equipment to catch the eye are two adjustable floodlights. These are es- This side view of the traveling service station shows the various pieces of equipment it carries. inch hose, equipped with a shut-off valve. The fourth tank holds chassis lu bricant, which is delivered to the service hose by a heavy duty power gun. Another power gun delivers gear lubricant from the fifth tank to its service hose through a totalizing meter. A large round tank of 500-gallon Oil is brought to a tractor drawing a pair of large disc harrows. [6] I I Tl frc ca sn D bo I Pr 1 ie i ie: fo cl< ga in ne Ai ac tn dr lo; tai W ne tn tii fo inj ge in an bl vi. fo Pe .v ETC 22787 I? ' The truck's tanks are refueled, daily . from large storage tanks at the ranch i headquarters. capacity carries gasoline and a smaller 300-gallon tank is used for Diesel fluid. To speed up delivery, both fuel tanks are under ten pounds pressure and give out at the rate of 16 gallons a minute. All fuel deliver ies are metered. On the rear of the truck is a tank for 72-octane gasoline and an air cleaner bath pan. The high octane gasoline is for use in the engine driv ing the air compressor and, when necessary, to start Diesel engines. All hose reels and service leads are accessible from the left side of the truck for the convenience of the driver. The traveling service station is loaded daily from large storage tanks at the ranch headquarters. When a piece of farm machinery needs refueling or other service, the truck is run beside it without loss of time. Tractor driver and service man follow a definite procedure, depend ing on the service needed. Crank and gear cases, fuel tank and radiator are , inspected and filled. Air cleaners and crank case breathers are washed, blown dry and oiled afresh. The ser vice man reads all meters both be fore and after these operations are performed, recording the number of gallons and pounds discharged. These totals are later transferred to the individual record sheet kept for each tractor. The Boston Land Company's field equipment works continuously 24 hours a day, the work being divided into two shifts. The service truck follows the start of both the morn ing and evening shifts, leaving the ranch twice daily at 6:15 and return ing between nine and ten. In a full day's work on both shifts it covers from thirty to fifty miles. The traveling service station re quires only 15 minutes for each trac tor as compared to the hour and a half necessary with the old method. This saving of time alone is equiva lent to putting an extra tractor to work. Mr. Bond also reports a saving of 15 per cent or $2,450 on his annual repair bills. He places his saving in grease and oil, due to elimination of contamination and waste in han dling, at five per cent or $70 a sea son. His farm account of last season shows the consumption of 35,000 gallons of gasoline, 25,000 gallons of Diesel fuel, 2,000 gallons of engine oil, 6,500 pounds of grease, and 175 gallons of kerosene. Mr. Bond estimates that the ser vice station on wheels has saved him an average of $60 daily. Since the total cost of the truck and equip ment was only $3,912, this means the service station paid for itself during the first 130 shifts or 65 working days out of a season of 300 shifts or 150 days Although few farmers carry on such large scale operations as the Boston Land Company, Mr. Bond's example should prove an inspiration to those who are seeking devices which will enable them to make sim ilar savings on a proportional scale. An Allis-Chalmers caterpillar tractor makes a brief halt for refueling. XOYEMUEMl 1040 [73 ETC 22788 .. - * m EsS&lfc. L#T* k*u $$& V0i9v o Baton Rouge Bridge Now Open ITH the opening of the new ana, Texas and the far West. It has WMississippi River bridge just also made possible improved rail north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, roonad facilities for Baton Rouge and August 10th, a new transportatitohne state. At present the only rail facility was made available for the road using the bridge is the Louisi convenience of motorists traveling in ana & Arkansas-Kansas City South that region and for more efficient ern, which hauls many Ethyl tank railway freight and passenger ser cars over the bridge every month. vice. The railway company has taken ad The bridge had been under con vantage of the improved facilities struction for nearly three years and now available by inaugurating a is considered a major engineering high-speed passenger service be feat. It was the first to be built across tween New Orleans and Kansas City the Mississippi River between New Orleans, Louisiana and Vicksburg, Mississippi. More recently a bridge has been opened at Natchez,Missis sippi, ninety miles further north. The structure represents another important link in the tremendous improvement of the Louisiana high way system, started some ten years ago, and makes possible a rapid, di rect route from New Orleans, east ern Louisiana, Mississippi and the eastern Gulf coast to western Louisi- The Mississippi River Bridge at Baton Rouge showing Ethyl's Baton Rouge Plant and Standard Oil Company of Louisiana's storage tanks in the right background. with a streamlined, Diesel driven train known as the Southern Belle. The bridge right-of-way forms the northern boundary of Ethyl's prop erty at Baton Rouge. These two enterprises, the $20,000,000 Ethyl plant and the $10,000,000 bridge arc further evidence of the great ad vances made recently in the South and especially in the Baton Rouge area. Ethyl tank cars on the eastern approach of the Bridge. In the background the Plant of the Consolidated Chemicals Company from which acid for Ethyl's Baton Rouge plant is secured. ETC 22789 Automotive Engineers Scan Next Decade, Review Past HEN the men who create compression ratios of 7 to 1 or more WAmerica's cars sat down at the are available on a number of cars [annual dinner of the Society hoafving slightly lower standard com [Automotive Engineers in Octobperre,ssion ratios. And so great has [they were thinking more about the been the advancement in refinery fears of 1950 than about the new technology during the past 10 years T1941 models unveiled for review that the oil industry is able to sup Sthat week in Xew York. Ten years ply gasoline of the necessary anti Eago they were talking about and knock quality at even lower prices [planning the engines and the fuels than prevailed in 1930--12.58 cents [ that make today's cars possible. at service stations, without tax, in An extract from a speech de the nation's 50 largest cities today, livered at Stevens Institute at the as compared with 15.42 cents in [time of the 1930 Auto Show shows October, 1930, and 30 cents in 1920. [this. At that time Earl Bartholomew, Average compression ratios for [prominent member of the SAE, said: all makes and all models of 1941 cars ["The desire of the Public for greater average above 6.60 to 1 compared [speed, acceleration and flexibility with 6.43 to 1 in 1940. At least 25 of sunder all conditions has not been the new models have higher com satisfied. Neither have the possibili- pression ratios than last year. Owing . ties of the internal combustion en to the sharp rise in the antiknock gine been exploited to anything like quality of both regular grade and their ultimate limit." The speaker, in premium fuels during the past year charge of the engineering research one model of a well known higher i laboratories of the Ethyl Gasoline priced car was stepped up one full Corporation, then predicted the pos- compression ratio--from 6.25 to 7.25. f sibilities of engine improvement that Most of the lower-priced groups lay ahead. Although the average show increases, but the greatest compression ratio of the automobile ' gains were recorded in the so-called engine of 1930 was barely 5 to 1, Mr. "middle group" and in the more ex Bartholomew pictured the efficien pensive cars. cies and horsepower output that As a result of the new increase in could be obtained with a compres- compression ratios and the improved ; sion ratio of 6 to 1, and even 7 to 1. antiknock quality of present day In conclusion he said: "Cars having gasolines, manufacturers again are . engines of 7 to 1 compression ratio stressing "economy" in their adver are now being driven quite success tising. While there has been a steady fully at our laboratories. The fuel increase in gasoline economy for a used, while having a higher anti number of years, the attributes knock value than any now commer which make the modem car attrac cially available, may possibly be de tive have absorbed much of this veloped for general use. The devel potential. The motoring public has opment of a fuel of sufficient anti always demanded safety, comfort knock value to operate engines of and performance ahead of economy. 7 to 1 compression ratio and having In the new cars, however, the manu , a cost no greater than that of anti facturers apparently believe that knock fuels now available would performance will be as good or : practically revolutionize the oil and better than ever and that there will automotive industries." also be an improvement in miles per Such engines and fuels seemed a gallon. long way off in 1930 yet among the As Mr. Bartholomew foretold, the cars on display at the auto show to past ten years have brought great day at least 10 models have com advances in motors and fuels, but pressions of 7 to 1 or more. Optional when questioned about the realiza tion of his 1930 prediction he said. "We've just started. Progress during the next ten years will dwarf the achievements of the last decade." Asked for a forecast of 1950 cars he said that he visualizes automotive engines of the future as being small er in size, having still higher com- pression ratios and better volumetric efficiency, and yielding substantially higher power output. At present Ethyl laboratories are completing successful tests with engines having compression ratios above 11 to 1 and requiring a fuel of substantially higher antiknock value than is now generally available. Mr. Bartholo mew stated that it is his opinion that gasoline of 95 road octane quality will be for sale at roadside service stations within the next five years. Such fuel, if this prediction is real ized may result in an improvement in economy of 35%, or more, with performance even better than it is today. _____ Enormous Gasoline Consumption by War Vehicles utomotive and petroleum A.technologists are taking time out these days to estimate fuel con sumption of Europe's mechanized armed forces. The technologists figure that 2,400 bombers consume about 288,000 gallons per hour, and that 1,600 pursuit planes consume 160,000 gal lons per hour. Total daily consump tion, on the basis of five hours in the air, exceeds two and one-quarter million gallons of fuel. Consumption by tanks, trucks, armored cars, motorcycles and other motorized equipment is believed to be even greater. Some idea of the economic loss is gained from the fact that just the gasoline used by planes, if consumed in American cars and taxed at the present average rates, would produce more than $120,000 revenue per day. November 1940 [9] etc 22790 Army Boys Name It "The Jeep" The "Jeep" can virtually climb the trunks of trees 28 inches in circumference to a height of over 5 feet at which point the weight was sufficient to send it crashing to the ground. The new type Army tractor is an amphibian--40 inch streams and ditches are no hinderance to its progress even with a load. Mixxeapolis-Molixe's Xew Mili tary Tractor Gave Remarkable Performaxces at Recext Cami> Ripley Maxeuvers NEW wheeled tractor, which A was recently given its first pub lic showing, seems to point the wav toward higher speed and greater mobility in military operations. Its spectacular performances thrilled officers and men during maneuvers at Camp Ripley, Minnesota, in which the 35th Division, U S. A. par ticipated with units from the Na tional Guard of the North Central states. It pulled 6-inch howitzers over almost impossible terrain at remark able speeds, towed the same equip ment at 40 miles an hour on level roads or up 40 per cent grades, crashed through trees four and five inches in diameter, virtually climbed the trunks of trees 28 inches in cir cumference to heights of 70 inches at which point its weight was suffi cient to break the tree, forded 40inch deep streams, spanned ditches, etc. The tractor was designated merely as a military high-speed prime mover, but the Army boys were quick to christen it "the Jeep." Mere ly an amplification and adaptation of an ordinary farm tractor, it was designed largely by MinneapolisMoline engineers and is built in their tractor factory at Minneapolis. Sev eral have been under test for some time at the Army proving grounds near Aberdeen, Md., and others have been used bv the Iowa National Guard. In a recent test, two of the Jeeps, pulling heavy loads of wag ons, guns and other equipment, kept their places in a convoy which cov ered nearly 500 miles at an average speed of more than 28 miles an hour. The Jeep is powered by a stand ard Minneapolis-Moline Model CE 6-cylinder engine, which has a 412inch bore and 5-inch stroke and de velops approximately 75 h.p. at 127o ETtlYt- .VJEW'S l IO J ETC 22791 r.p.m. The engine has a compression ratio of 5.6 to 1, a piston displace ment of 425.5 cu. in. and operates on 70 octane gasoline. The tractor has a four-wheel drive and a 7500-lb. drawbar pull. The transmission has five forward speeds and one reverse. The front wheels in the standard four-wheel design are equipped with S.25 x20 low pressure pneumatic tires, while the tractor has 11.25 x 36 dual low pressure tires on the rear wheels. The Jeep is provided with both air and electric brakes for control ling the towed load. The air brakes are operated with a foot pedal, and a hand brake below the steering wheel enables the operator to brake or lock either wheel as desired. The individual braking also permits the tractor to pull itself out when one wheel becomes mired and spins. Unusual equipment is the front bumper which incorporates a roller 12 inches in diameter. This acts as a bumper and helps in getting over obstructions. The drawbar at the rear is equipped with an air lift which makes it possible to back into a load and lift or lower the load fromthe operator's seat. Both front and rear ends are equipped with pintle hooks. The front end drive and the engine base pan are protected by a skid plate of 5/16 inch thickness. The Jeep has a minimum width of 96 inches, a maximum height of 66 inches and an overall length of 180 inches. The wheel base is 98/2 inches, the approximate weight is 13,000 pounds and the turning radius with out brakes is 20 feet. It can ford streams as deep as 40 inches. Its center of gravity is 2 x 33 inches above ground and its angle of re pose sideways is 58 degrees. The rolling bumper has many ad vantages. It enables the front end of the tractor to roll or climb up a sizeable tree, while the tractor still gets ground traction through the rear wheels. Then when the tractor weight becomes sufficient to break the tree, the rolling bumper enables it to ride roughshod along the fallen Wide fiat fenders on either side of the hood afford additional carrying space for men or equipment. trunk. When the tractor hits the bottom of a steep bank, the rolling action of the bumper enables the tractor to roll up the embankment The bumper composed of several free moving rollers is well adapted to the roughest terrain. When the tractor hits the bottom of a steep bank the bumper doesn't plough into the ground, it just rolls along the top. to the top. The roller also offers the same advantages when descending a sharp bank. The company started developing this prime mover in 1937. The orig inal idea was to endeavor to make articles in standard production in time of peace, which could rapidly be converted for army use in an emergency. What part it may play remains for the future to determine, but it has possibilities of "getting there first with the biggest guns" or paving the way for tanks and the heaviest mili tary equipment. It certainly should prove an effective military unit in the hands of thousands of young men from farms, whose adeptness in handling farm tractors would enable them to qualify quickly as expert Jeep operators, or "Jeepers" as they probably would be known. Pulling heavy loads of wagons or guns the Jeeps kept their places in a convoy which covered 500 miles at an average speed of 28 miles an hour. J NOVEMBER 1940 { -I ] ETC 22792 -ssg M Traffic moves--at a leisurely pan--,,,, the left side of Bay Street. % main thoroughfare. A dray loaded u ith ice and an ancient, wobbly.wheel, ,1 i-i: Phaeton amble along in the foregroumt across the street, behind the"parked Fords and Plymouths. are some of tin- towns fine shops and picturesque bars colorful--the streets fairlv narrow, lined with plastered walls and build ings in pastelle colors. The cost ol living is about half as high as in Bermuda. Although tourists furnish S' the main income, it is not just a re 3 i sort town. The native Nassauvians are com pletely charming: both the soft- voiced negroes who salute you on the streets with a nod and a "Boss, let Nicodemus fix you a fishin' party?" and the white natives whose "Promised Land" in the Gulf Stream ET some one mention Paradise to ute ... that would be Paradise!" LJ yon, just after a hard day at the More accurately, it would be Nas office, and you'd probably have your sau in the Bahamas. Your descrip ancestors, many of them titled, came from England two and a half cen turies ago. Daily life in Nassau is a combination of England, America and the tropics. Their customs are English; their vocabulary is Amer ican, with a softly tempered Eng th of m. la si. own ideas about it. "Paradise," you'd announce, "is a place where work starts at ten'in the morning and ends at four in the afternoon--and what doesn't get done can be just as well done the next day, or even the next. It's a place where no one hurries just to keep abreast of others. There aren't anv subways or trains there; vou can leave your office and drive to the golf course in ten minutes without OtroinO" over 30 miles an hour." You'd probably have some further refinements. "This golf course would be set among palm trees, of course, tion would have been correct in each wishful detail; it could even have gone further. Your white beach would be one of the most beautiful coral beaches in the world; the water a pale sapphire, so clear you can spot fish swimming 25 and 30 feet below the surface. And so warm and bouyant you stay in for hours with no sense of fatigue. A golf course near your office? You could also have mentioned tennis, polo, horse racing, rugby, sailing, water skiing, fishing for the little fellows two feet long, or going out in the nearby Gulf Stream after the big ones--tarpon, marlin, lish accent. Most cars on the island are American, and gasoline is called gasoline, not petrol--but you drive on the left side of the street and pay for your gasoline or automobile tyres in pounds, shillings, and pence. Even the names of people you meet will remind you of their Eng lish heritage. Men are called Geof frey, Nelson, Malcolm; the women, Victoria, Regis, Anne, Letitia. Un derlying the easygoing, friendly casualness of their lives is the sensi tive formality of centuries' tradition. The Governor, with offices and a residence in Government House, n< iG i" jK .G ` ai O' A a n c; 1 al i \\ iP o with a white beach and blue water beside it, so you could stop after wards for a drink and a swim and still make dinner without hurrying." Dreamily you go on. "Put this in a semi-tropical climate, so you could sailfish. You mentioned a simple and friendly life? Just go to Nassau and bathe in the sun, the soft trade winds, the soothing warm waters of the Bahamas--then try to be any leads the social life with receptions, teas and semi-official ceremonies. Court cases are tried bv magistrates and argued by barristers in wigs and gowns. The negro police wear white coats and helmets, blue trousers P P r< c 1; be out of doors the year around and thing in the world except simple and with a broad scarlet stripe, and a wear easy clothes, never worry friendly! brave show of gleaming brass chains A about a furnace. Lots of trees and From the point of view of the and buttons. c flowers. Some place where life is tourist, Nassau is in many ways simi From another angle, Nassau is very simple and friendly as an old lar to Bermuda, in manv wavs more much in the focus of world interest V sweater, but interesting every min attractive. It is just as quaint and today. It is not only the residence of ETtlYL X F. V N l] BTC 22793 vvAKmmi-^ Wn ^ Rugged coral cliffs alternate with shin ing stretches of beach. the Duke of Windsor but the capital of the Bahamas, which figure as a new U. S. naval base in the recent "50-old-destroyers" deal with Eng land giving us a new string of off shore defense posts. The governor-- whose full title is His Royal High ness Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David Windsor, Duke of Windsor, KG, PC7 KT, KP, GCST, GCMC, GCIE, GCVO, GBE, ISO, MC, Governor and Commander in Chief in and over the Bahama Islands and Vice Admiral of the Same--rules over an archipelago covering 4,466 square miles, consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays and 2,000 reefs. There are about 67,000 subjects, a third of whom live on the island of New Providence, where the capital city of Nassau is located. Although the governor is ap pointed bv the Crown, usually for a period of five vears, the islands rep resent a tvpe of self-governing colonv. Their law is based on Eng lish common law. Vacationing tour- ists are the chief source of income; local industries include the cultiva tion of sisal and manufacture of baskets and hats from this plant; fishing, and the manufacture of tor toise-shell jewelry. Sponge fishing, once the most important and most colorful industry, will not flourish again for several years because of a blight which recently attacked the sponges. A rising industry is the carving of period furniture from the many woods grown on the islands-- madeira mahogany, cedar, lignum vitae, pine, satinwood, and others. An export of the Bahamas well known to Americans is the men's Nassau cocoanut hat, so popular during the past hot season. This hat, is a variety of shapes and colored bands, is standard headgear on the islands. Nearly all the refrigerators, radios and household accessories are Amer ican, as the Bahamas carry on three times more trade with the United States than with any other country. They export about $700,000 worth of goods a year to us and import from us over $4,000,000 worth. With the Pound at the present rate of exchange--pegged at just a little over $4 by the Bahamian banks --not only business houses but American tourists find the exchange quite advantageous. Your dollar buys about 20% more than it used to--and duty-free prices on fine Eng lish sweaters, woolens, silver, Wedgewood china, whiskies and other products of the Empire were attractive to begin with. The strategic importance of the Bahamas as a first line of defense for this country would quickly be ap- I W- /I if. A fleet of nickel dicers meets each in coming boat, yelling "Hello, Mr. J. P. Morgan! Would you lend us a dollar, please?" A more common plea is, 'Please, Boss--give Shadrach just wan chance!" SOY EM nun 1940 L *3 ] mmm 1 ETC 22794 iL m preciated if you could see them from the air. They resemble a constella tion of large and small islands begining with the Biminis about 50 miles east of Florida and stretching 600 miles to the southeast. From Inagua, southernmost island, one may see Cuba. Xew Providence was named by William Savle, a British naviga tor who found sanctuary there when shipwrecked on his way to the American colony of South Carolina. The island stretches about 21 miles from east to west, about 7 miles '-A * Bahamian negroes trimming sponges for market. The sponges are hooked from the sea bottom by natives using long poles, peering through glass- bottomed pails held in the water. north to south. Nassau, on the north ern shore, faces a good harbor pro tected by the long natural break water of Hog Island. The first attempt to colonize these islands was made in 1647 by the Eleutheran Adventurers, a group which sailed from England with a royal commission but was ship wrecked before reaching the Bahamas. Before the second expedi tion arrived, a group of Englishmen from Bermuda had come over and established their own government there. Eleuthera, one of the longest and most fertile islands, commemo rates those early adventurers. An other island, Guanahani, was the Bicycles are just as popular as in Ber muda--but you can always get home in a cab or "hay-burner." first land in the New World sighted Want a new thrill? Try water skiing, bv Columbus, on October 12, 1492. He renamed it San Salvador. An il,lustri.ous vi.s.i.tor a.f.ter C_o.lumb. us was 'g onhJ one behind a speedboat ihf 40 m`!{'*an hm"\ Here thc ikier lias let g*othIgns line and for is curving a stop in to Ponce de Leon, who was given a------------------------------------------------ commission by King Ferdinand in that set the palm trees whispering at 1512 to find and settle the island of night; in the sun that fills vour body Bimini, supposed to contain the with langourous content; in the Fountain of Youth. Missing Bimini, tonic effect of clear blue waters that he sailed on 50 miles further to rinse awav your worries; in the Florida. beauty, the simple glory of clouds. Had Ponce de Leon spent his days warm winds, and starrv skies at traipsing about the Bahamas seeking night. the Fountain of Youth, he would Mexicans boast that once the dust have died of old age in the quest. of Mexico has settled on a man's The Bahamians, even then, could heart he will return there to die. The have told him diat eternal youth on Bahamas have a less sombre appeal, their islands is to be found not in Once you've staved there you want any spring, but in the soft breezes to go back again--to live. ETC 22795 Chemists Prepare to Aid Defense Program LANS to gear a powerful seg national defense." The Society is one Pment of the nation's scientists to of the very few organizations operat the defense program are announced ing under a Federal charter. by the American Chemical Society There was much waste in the which, with a membership of more World War, particularly in armies of than 25.000, is the largest profes our allies, through failure to realize sional organization of its kind in the early in the conflict that certain pro world. fessional and technical men have A complete census of all chemists far greater value when performing and chemical engineers in the tasks for which they are trained than United States recording in detail the when manning guns at the front. specialized services which they are In the present situation England prepared to perform will be taken and Canada have listed their tech by the Society at the request of the nical personnel in accordance with Executive Office of the President of capabilities, and, while the United the United States. The undertaking States can take advantage of their was characterized as a step of major experience, details of our roster will importance in the development of be a responsibility for the best preparedness plans and one which thought of a considerable group of will avoid the waste of scientific and leaders in chemistry and chemical technical brains which occurred in engineering. the Allied Armies in the World War, No one can foretell in these threatening munition supplies. rapidly changing times just how im The casualties among scientific portant this new effort to codify men in the earlv days of the war, it properly the chemists and chemical was pointed out, deprived the Allies engineers of the country may prove. of vital technical services for the Regardless of that, it is a step in waging of modern warfare. The* preparedness for defense which is death of Mosley, noted British phy of great moment to the country and sical chemist, at Gallipoli was cited likewise to the individuals whose as an example. When the gravity of assignments for work in event of war the situation was realized, the Allied may depend very largely on their military authorities hastily recalled classification. scientists from the trenches, but not The work, which will be financed before irreparable losses had been by the Society, will be directed by sustained. E. M. Billings of the Eastman Kodak The Society will compile records Company, Rochester, N, Y., and will of the qualifications of chemists and be related to a national project to chemical engineers so as to enable assemble a roster of scientific and prompt and correct allocation of specialized personnel, of which Dr. personnel if and when needed in Leonard Carmichael, president of event of an actual emergency. More Tufts College, is director, and James than 70,000 questionnaires will be C. O'Brien, defense liaison official required to assemble the necessary for the Civil Service Commission, data. executive officer. The American The Society acted in accordance Chemical Society is acting as agent with its charter, which provides that for the enrollment of the chemists "the American Chemical Society and chemical engineers of America. shall, whenever called upon by the Mr. Billings, it was said, is being War or Navy Departments, investi assisted by about fifty leaders in gate, examine, experiment, and re various specialities in chemistry and port upon anv subject in pure or ap chemical engineering in the task of plied chemistry connected with the devising a classification code. Questionnaires will be sent first to those chemists and chemical engi neers who are members of the Amer ican Chemical Society. Next to those now on the lists of other recognized chemical societies not members of "it the American Chemical Society, and finally to those not affiliated with so cieties representing the chemical and chemical engineering professions but who became known through suggestions made by associates. Obviously a tremendous amount of work must be done, but it may prove of paramount importance and there is ample precedent for it, Dr. Charles L. Parsons of Washington, D. C., Secretary of the Society said: "In an address delivered in October, 1919, Secretary of War Newton D. Baker paid tribute to the work of the American Chemical Society in pre paring a list, similar to the one now planned, which proved of inestim able value when the war came, being instrumental in placing tech nically trained men where they could render most valuable service in accordance with their capabili ties." In this connection it is interesting to note that in those days the Amer ican Chemical Society was a body of some 14,000 whereas today the membership is more than 25,000. We also find that the total number of members on record for military service was 5,404. An interesting old document is the copy of a letter from W. S. Gifford of the Council of National Defense to Franklin K. Lane, then Secretary of the Interior. It explained the Council's need in case of emergency for lists of chemists and mining en gineers of the country with rather full information regarding the quali fications of each. He suggested fur ther that the Bureau of Mines com pile such a list provided it was agreeable to the Society of Mining Engineers and to the American Chemical Society. NOVEMBER 194 0 l *5 1 ETC 22796 The Natioir s Newest Express Highway Begun \ N EW YORK to Chicago in 14Ja hours by automobile--one and a half hours faster than the 20th Centurv Limited, with daylight all the way. Such speeds would be entirely possible on a system of express high ways which engineers now know they can build. Today, one link in such a system has actually been completed--a long white ribbon stretching across the Allegheny Mountains. One hundred and sixty miles of open highway without a speed limit, without a single traffic light or cross road and designed to carry automobiles safely at speeds up to 120 miles per hour. This new Pennsylvania Turnpike, travels a route that was laid out half a century ago. It completes a story begun years back, woven about such figures as Andrew Carnegie, J. P. Morgan, William H. Vanderbilt and John Augustus Roebling. From the earliest days of Amer ican history, pioneers who turned their faces westward had to find a way across, through, or around the great 1,500 mile barrier formed bv the Appalachian Mountain Range. In Pennsylvania the Alleghenies reared across the way with ice and snow, sleet and fog adding to the hazards of traveling over narrow, rutted mountain roads and trails. The 19th century brought with it unmistakable signs of the coming railroad expansion, and in 1837 the State of Pennsylvania sent out sur veyors to trace a railroad route from Chambersburg, in the Cumberland Valley, to Pittsburgh, 125 miles west. In the party was a young apprentice engineer, John A. Roebling who, as he stumbled through the dense underbrush, never dreamed that in later years he would build suspen sion bridges at Cincinnati and Niagara and would father the builder of New York's Brooklyn Bridge. a Half- Century,4.go, r ; \ 'I I ,M Ml f For several years not a rail was laid, not a wheel turned, although more than $300,000 was spent. The railroad lived only in voluminous records. But suddenly the road became a powerful weapon in a titanic battle between two giants of transporta tion, William H. Vanderbilt, son of the old Commodore, and J. Pierpont Morgan. In 1881, when the nation's railroads were expanding without restraint, Vanderbilt's New York Central declared war on Morgan's Pennsylvania Railroad. The latter Straight away across Pennsylvania runs the country's newest super-highway. purchased the West Shore Line in an attempt to kill the Central's mo nopoly of rail traffic through the Hudson Valley. Vanderbilt promptly retaliated by building 164 miles of double-track grade through the mountains between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh, right through the Penn sylvania Railroad's domain. This maneuver cost $10,000,000 but Vanderbilt wasn't counting the cost. Nor was he alone in his South ETIiYL XEWS L 16] ETC 22797 Penn venture. Andrew Carnegie, Pittsburgh steel king, had fought the Pennsy for years to win lower rates for transportation of his steel to the Atlantic seaboard. So Vanderbilt sounded him out on the idea of building a railroad paralleling the P. R. R. through Pennsylvania. "What do you think of it?" the railroad man asked. "I think so well of it that I and my friends will raise 85,000,000 as our subscription." Carnegie replied. Fortv million dollars in stock and bonds were floated and bought up eagerly by the public. A small army of engineers plunged into the moun tain wilderness and two years later they returned with a topographical survey of some 1.000 square miles and running 5,000 miles of location lines. This still is considered the most complete railroad survey made in this country. With the surveyors out of the wav, thousands of laborers marched into the forest to set the hillsides echoing with the ring of axes, the scrape of shovels and the roar of dynamite. Villages sprang up all along the route. Tunnels pierced the moun tain tops and bridge pillars jutted up from rivers and streams. Like some gigantic serpent the South Penn roadbed crept forward. By November, 1885, it was 60!? finished. Four and a half miles of tunnel had been driven, more than 5,000,000 cubic yards of grading finished. And then--Vanderbilt and Morgan shook hands. The war was over. The end of operations on the Entrance to the first tunnel west of Car lisle while under construction. This air view gives some idea of the rough mountain wilderness which the little hand of engineers of more than half a century ago were called upon to con quer. South Penn came like a bolt from the blue. Construction officials were fired without notice, workers laid down their tools at night and never picked them up again. The roadbed and tunnels which had cost 27 lives and 810,000,000 were abandoned and in 1890 "Vanderbilt's Folly" was sold by the sheriff. The S 10,000.000 road was carried on the books at one dollar, and an annual report on its affairs was made regularly to the Interstate Commerce Commission. For almost fifty years the South Penn roadbed lav undisturbed. Seepage water filled the tunnels and underbrush crept over the grades. Then, in 1934, the Pennsylvania State Planning Board conceived the bold plan of using the old roadbed for a modern highway. Engineers pored over dusty files and decided that seven of the nine ancient tun nels would give motorists greater protection against mountain storms XOYEMUEIl 19-iO \ *7 J 7 ETC 22798 and fogs, that the easy grades would be ideal for heavy trucks, and that the route would save several hours' running time between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. In 1936, the state highway depart ment, in conjunction with the Works Progress Administration, re-surveved the old right of way. Laborers drained the tunnels and cleared the roadbed. All reports indicated that "Billy" Vanderbilt's workmen had done a good job. The tunnel masonry was sound, the arches well pre served. Drainage culverts and grades were still strong and de pendable. A value of several mil lion dollars was placed upon the work done fiftv vears before. The final survey report revealed that the old roadbed would make possible a maximum grade of no more than 3%, wide sweeping curves, by-passes around all cities and large towns, elimination of four railroad and 26 highway grade crossings, and safety ramps for feeder roads. More over the roadbed was below the fog line and above the flood line and it utilized southern and western slopes as far as possible to avoid ice and snow. In May, 1937, the State Legisla ture created a turnpike commission to build and operate a four-lane toll highway over the old South Penn roadbed between Harrisburg and Pittsburgh. The story of the turnpike itself is replete with astronomical figures. For instance, 26 million cubic yards of earth had to be moved, more than was excavated in the construction of the ill-famed Maginot Line. The road will traverse 160 over passes and underpasses, 139 bridges and seven tunnels. The finished turnpike will have two wide lanes in each direction, separated by a center plot of grass. Engineers say that a speed of 120 miles per hour would be safe, with a little slowing down at curves and tunnels. Despite the lure of high speeds, it is expected to be the safest road in the country because 75% of the accident causes have been elim inated. Curves are long and gently sweep ing with carefully calculated eleva tion. Nowhere will motorists find visibility suddenly blocked by sharp turns or steep grades. Existing routes over the Pennsylvania moun tains forced cars and trucks to climb 10,000 feet over long, steep grades. The turnpike climbs gradually 3,000 feet and the chances are that drivers will not touch their gearshifts from one end to the other. Entrance to and exit from the super-highway can be made only at 10 clover leaf One passes under Tuscarora Mountain by this tunnel originally designed to carry freight on the ill fated. Penn Southern Railroad. All photos "McLaughlin Air Sen ice." intersections. The turnpike will be a toll road and the rates probably will be set at $1.25 to $1.50 for passenger cars and $4.00 to $10 for trucks, depending upon weight. Cars not traveling the entire length of the road will pay approximately one cent a mile, trucks slightly more. But experts hold that the toll charges are offset by reduced operating costs. E T Ml I I. X E ' .*>' [ 18] ETC 22799 SERVICE station completely any of the operations of servicing A enclosed in glass walls has been the latest model automobile. erected at 1101 North LaSalle Street, This type of building was first in Chicago, Illinois. It is known as thetroduced at the Chicago, 1933 Clark-Maple Super Service. The World's Fair. The large letters which walls and roof are supported from a mount the roof of the service station ^central column which means, there are eleven feet high. Vibrations set fore, that the building does not have up by heavy rumbling vehicles will a foundation. This is the largest building of this type construction in ` the world. ; A motorist, coming on to the driveway of the station, finds at once that everything is illuminated by modern fluorescent lamps which eliminate the problem of glaring lights and, what is more, make it possible to see at a glance the entire service station and all of its modern equipment. The greasing compartment is as [compact as an up-to-date kitchen with its gleaming white panels and modernistic knobs. Conveniently r placed dials show the exact amount ;of lubricant which is dispensed for The grease pit in the new Clark-Maple super station gives one the impression of an up-to-date kitchen with its gleam ing enamel and chrome fixtures. This all-glass service station in Chicago has no foundation--the only building of its kind in the world. have no effect on the structure as the glass panels which form the walls are suspended from one point rather than being affixed to the glOUIld. rholoa CltllU' Co. XOYE.MIlElt HHO I '9 I ETC 22800 Millions Ride to School by Bus in Biggest Transport Operation OW that school is open again, N 3,742.000 children are riding comfortably by bus to their classes this fall. That daily passenger load is near ly five times as large as the one carried by all Class I railroads. And it puts in the shade the crowds that swarm daily through New York City's subway system. One school child in every eight gets to classroom and back by school bus. And his round-trip cost for the entire year averages only $19.50 to the taxpayers who foot the bill, according to Bus Transportation Magazine. It used to cost $35.38 per pupil about fifteen years ago. No other single transport job ap proaches in magnitude the daily school bus operation. Last year, these buses rolled up more than eight billion passenger miles. Round trips per pupil averaged 11 miles per day for 200 days. Last year saw school bus service extended to 345,000 additional chil dren. Bus manufacturers meanwhile devoted 62 per cent of their entire output to school buses, producing 11,446 new vehicles. In the United States more than 42,500 schools use buses to trans port children. Twenty-eight states operate more than 1,000 buses each, and only two states employ fewer than 200. Exclusive of commercial lines which also carry children near their schools, 91,616 school buses are in operation. North Carolina has the largest number of children riding to school --319,893. In New England states, Massachusetts leads the list with 53,000 transported pupils. Pennsyl vania, with 180,000, tops the Central Atlantic area and Ohio's 303,000 leads in the Mid-West. Texas with 250,000, Minnesota with 43,010, Colorado with 22.402, California with 98,980 and Washington with 95,395 are out in front in their re spective areas. Use of school buses has eliminated the little red school house with its one-room quarters and has substi tuted throughout rural areas modern consolidated plants with libraries, science laboratories and gymnasi ums comparable to those of city schools. To the shock of serious-minded educators, who upon occasions have attempted to find out what part of the school program appeals most to a youngster, this answer often comes back on the questionnaire: "The school bus ride." Before the days of extensive bus transportation, school district lines frequently were established on the basis of the distance a pair of feet could carry the youngster living farthest down the road. Memories of long, daily walks still are vivid. Baton Rouge FamilyContinues to Grow [ 1 ] Dan M. McDonald was employed as chemist in the tetraethyl lead control labo ratory August 19th, 1940. He received his education at Louisiana State University, receiving a B.S. degree in chemistry in 1940. While at the University he worked in the Motor Fuel Testing Laboratory. f 21 Dorothy M. McCarroll was em ployed as stenographer in the main office at the Baton Rouge manufacturing plant on a temporary basis June 24th, 1940. Her employment became permanent August 16th, i940. She is a graduate of Louisiana State University. | 3 1 Alma Revere became a member of the Stenographic group August 26th, 1940. She attended Tulane University in New Orleans for a year and is a graduate of Soule Business College. | 4 1 Charles C. Long was employed as operator's helper at the Baton Rouge plant August 19th, 1940. | 3 ] Ceorge -W. Beste has been a mem ber of the Technical Division at Baton Rouge since July 1st, 1940. He graduated with a B.S. degree from Monmouth Col lege in 1936, and then held a fellowship at Columbia University until he received a Ph.D. degree in chemistry in 1940. I 6 ] John B. Killgore was employed as chemical engineer in the Technical Divi sion August 27th, 1940. He graduated from Oklahoma University in 1940. [ 7 ] George F. Kirby, Jr., joined the staff of the Technical Division at Baton Rouge May 13th, 1940. He holds an M.S. degree and a Ph.D. degree from Louisiana State University. | 8 ] Perry B. LeCates was employed May 1st, 1940 as engineer in the Technical Division. He has a B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the University of Dela ware. LeCates was formerly employed bv the duPont Company. [ 9 ] James B. Sigrest became a member of the Technical Division June 3rd, 1910. He graduated from Louisiana State Uni versity in 1937. [ 10 ] Phyllis G. Barton was employed as stenographer for the Technical Division June 17th, 1940. She attended Spencer Business College in New Orleans, Louisi ana, and is also a Louisiana State Univer sity graduate. f 111 Mary Emily Miller was employed as stenographer in the Technical Division September 3rd, 1940. She was bom in Houston, Texas, and attended school there. She received her M.A. degree from Rice Institute in 1939. [ 12 ] Mary E. Walsh was employed as stenographer for the Technical Division on a temporary basis July 1st. 1940. Her employment became permanent October 1st, 1940. She was bom in Baton Rouge and attended high school, business college and Louisiana State University there. f 131 Marcus H. Batte was employed May Sth, 1940 as chemist in the ethyl chloride laboratory. He graduated from Louisiana State University with a B.S. de gree in chemistry. Before being employed by Ethyl he worked for the construction department of the duPont Company in Baton Rouge. [ 14 ] Thomas M. Mixon was employed as maintenance engineer in the ethyl chlo ride division at Baton Rouge May 1st, 1940. For the past five years he was em ployed by Standard Oil Company of Lou isiana. f 15 ] Robert C. Lambert, Jr., was em ployed as painter's helper at the ethyl chloride plant September 9th, 1940. [ 16 ] Louis A. Richardson was employed August 27th, 1940 as painter's helper at the Ethyl chloride plant. E T U Y L \ E W >' [ 20 ] ETC 22801 i Ethyl's Detroit Bowlers Open Season Mi Thr i HE 1940-41 season of the Ethyl Tk Bowling League at the Detroit Laboratories started October 15th when Earl Bartholomew, director of the Engineering Research Labora- weeks each team will bowl three times against every other team. The season will end with a banquet, and the awarding of the trophy and indi vidual and team prizes. . com ! Div uati Hig the min pari Uni \ tory. officially opened the season. An announcement over the public ad dress system brought the bowlers to The Ethyl League is sanctioned by the American Bowling Congress and its members are qualified to sa. som vie Eth the line and Mr. Bartholomew put enter all tournaments and to take on wor down the first ball. The League has reserved ten of all challengers. The League was organized a vear Tes of Cen the 20 alleys at the new Log Cabin ago with six teams. Now with 10 whi Bowling Alleys on Woodward Ave and twelve substitute players more nue for each Tuesday evening. The 10 teams which make up the League represent the various departments of than half of the Ethyl personnel in Detroit are taking an active part in the sport. On at 1 Rut Lee the research laboratories and one, calling themselves the "Stenos," is composed of the girls. This year's officers are Emil X. Gillig, research engineer, president; E. J. Pahalek, office manager, treas lion resi ard Tec Three games are bowled each The Team Trophy of the Ethyl Bowling urer; and Joseph W. Weaver, dyna week, and during the coming 30 League at the Detroit Laboratories. mometer department, secretary. Dej our ( George L. Jen nings was recently NEWSBRIEFS employed by the Analytical De partment of the Chemical Re search Labora tory. He gradu ated from De La Salle High School The Bruce Crane's of Duxburv, Mass., an nounce the arrival of Master Bruce, Junior, on October 7th, 1940. Since young Bruce \/ weighed 4 pounds, 1 ounce, the proud father passed around cigarettes and minia ture candies to the members of the Boston Division. of Detroit in 1936 / and, at present, is Congratulations are in order to John and ai Sjceiinmiotr muuaijuoriimng' in CAMheitmniiiicLauli Euunig'iiuneecriiungj' ./Elizabeth Evans won. tvh..we arrival wo*f tuhue.uir at the University of Detroit. According to y first-born, a husky boy weighing 8 pounds the University's Plan, George works and 6 ounces. attends school in alternate four-week pe The proud father is a member of the riods. He formerly was employed as a Statistical Department. Laboratory Assistant at the University, where he had charge of General Chemistrv Lecture Demonstrations. Eleanore Barbara Smolen, a native of Ramey, Pa., is Marv T. Byrnes, who has been employed a newcomer to the at the Deepwater Manufacturing Plant Administration since July, 1937. was married to Harry L. / Department. She V Fredricks on Saturday, October 12th, at^/ will assume the 10:00 A.M. After a motor trip through duties of tele New England and Canada the couple will phone operator reside in Salem. New Jersey. and stenographer. She graduated from Ramey High 1 Ellis O. Jones, Jr., formerly in charge of Safety for the Los Angeles Division, left V the latter part of October for the Kettering Laboratory in Cincinnati. It is expected that "Ollie" will be located there for about School and the Central Business School. Her previous business experience includes two years with the Wadsworth Hospital where she was a switchboard operator and three years with Freeborn & Co. as typist and telephone operator. a year. His duties will be assigned to him by the Medical Department. Eleanore makes her home in Bayonne, New Jersey. Louis F. Xonnast recently joined the Ethyl family as property man on the Tulsa Divi sion's Motor Clinic. Louis spent his early years in Chicago where he attended the Fran cis Parker High School. He later moved to Los Angeles and enrolled at the Frank Wiggins trade school in that city. Before coming with the Ethyl Corpora tion, he was associated with the Standard Oil Company of Indiana and the Hilton Hotel Garage in El Paso, Texas. His favorite sports are swimming and golf. ,, ,, ,, Miss Helene C. McNally resigned from her position as secretary to Mr. L. L. Huxtable of the Tulsa office on September 30th. Helen married Mr. S. G. Paddock of Chi cago on October 12th and they will reside in that city. In the February News we reported the engagement of Dorothy M. Watson and now we have the pleasure of announcing the marriage of this charming member of the Manufacturing Department (Xr. V. Office). The wedding took place at the home of Dot's parents, 239 New York Avenue, Brooklyn, on the evening of October 11th. We offer Mr. and Mrs. Franklyn Sayre Ferry our congratulations and best wishes for their future happiness. D.l aft< 19-: Sc. the ' Un env 1 Att Co. Pa. her joii cal Mr istr ing 7th Cit; live ite No u me Tul a" Tu Hit Pur / wh. ac cha ing / `l a cl of plo san salt mai [22] ETC 22803 Miss E 1 o i s e Thrasher, a new comer to the Tulsa Division, is a grad uate of the Tulsa High School and of the Business Ad ministration De partment of the University of Tul- ' sa. She has had some prev ious ser vice with the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, having worked on a temporary basis for the Tulsa Testing Laboratory during the early part of 194(1. Her last position was with the ir Central Petroleum Corporation in Tulsa *0 which she left to join the Ethyl family. ooo On Friday, September 20th, at 12:30 P.M. at her home in Mount Vernon, New York, Ruth Alyse Gordon became the bride of Leonard Seglin. The couple spent their honeymoon at Virginia Beach and are now residing at Wilmington, Delaware. Leon ard is a relatively new employee in the Technical Division of the Manufacturing Department at Deepwater, has ing been in our employ only since April. J D. Ellis Neunherz, after graduating in 1936\vith the M. Sc. degree from the Ohio State University, was employed by the Attapulgus Clay Co., Philadelphia, Pa., until Septem ber 16th when he joined the Chemi cal Research Staff in Detroit. Mrs. Lillian D. Ruther joined the Admin istration Department in the Graybar Build- -- f ing as Comptroller Operator on October 7th. Mrs. Ruther is a native of New York City, attended Morris High School and lives in the Bronx. Swimming is her favor ite sport. ooo V v/ Norman James 'Putnam, a new /member of our Tulsa field staff, is a graduate ot the Tulsa Central High School and Purdue University where he received a degree in me- . chanical engineer- ' ing- Before joining the Ethyl familv, Jim was a designer for the Barden Winch Company of Tulsa, following which he was em ployed by the F. M. Jones Company of the same city, as field engineer and later as a sales engineer. The F. M. Jones people manufacture and sell oil well equipment. Francis V. V. Adriance joined the Ethyl ranks on October 7th as a A* member of the Publicity Depart ment with assign ment to the Ethyl News staff. With seven years of newspaper experi ence to his credit, we believe that the News will benefit bv securing the serv ices of an able reporter and feature writer. Frank was born in New York City, at tended the Westminster School at Sims bury, Conn., and graduated from Williams College with an A.B. degree in 1925. He was an aviator for several years and holds a transport pilot's license. He is married and lives at Hastings-onHudson, New York, with his wife and fiv emonths-old son. O0o The engagement of Mary A. Stew art of the Statisti cal Department, to Mr. Reino E. Rahikka, was an nounced on Octo ber 12th at a din ner party given by Mrs. Stewart at their home in Hempstead, Long Island. Mr. Rahikka is associated with the Western Electric Company in Kearney, N. J. The young couple plan to be married in June, 1941. The Following Service Awards have been made as of November 1st, 1940 10 YEARS Emma A. Brown' Sales, New York Edward J. Nieser Administration C.Paul Sortman EngOineeringO,7 Detroit A. B. Wyrick Sales, Chicago 5 YEARS John R, Evans Sales, New York M.Dorothy Featiierer Mfg., Deepwater Edward J. Gresslix Mfg., Deepwater Agnes Sweeney Administration Introducing Miss Nadine DuVall. a new member of the Payroll Sec tion of the Admin istration Depart ment in Graybar Building. Nadine is a native of Rochester, New York and receiv ed her schooling and business training in that city. For the past tour years she has been associated with several concerns where she did general office work. She came to Manhattan Island on a visit recently and decided she would like to make it her home and place of business. ooo On Saturday, October 19th, at 3:00 P.M., Virginia C. Thomas of the Statistical De partment, became the bride of Mr. Henry A. Mackie. The ceremony took place in the chantry of Grace Church, Broadway at 10th Street, New York City. Mr. Mackie is a native of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and is a young lawyer. He has been liv ing in New York for the pi ast four *vears. a o o We welcome to the Accounting Department. Graybar Building, George A. Roberts ,vho was employed September 16th. He is married and the father of a two and one-half-vear- old daughter. George graduated from the Ev under Childs High School and New York University, School of Com merce, Accounts and Finance where he receiv ed a B.G.S. Degree in Accounting. Skating and swimming arc his fav orite outdoor sports and photography is his pet hobby. o Introducing James Wallace Emery, field representa tive for the Tulsa Division. He is a native son of Dal las, Texas, and a graduate of Southern Methodist University with degrees in both mechanical and electrical engineering. After leaving col lege Wallace worked for the Armstrong Packing Company as an industrial engi neer. He later became associated with the Geophysical Service, Inc., where for seven vears he was in charge of field work on seismograph surveys in various oil fields throughout the southwest and in Cali fornia. i.' ETC 22804 p k Reaping the benefits of automotive research TME FARMER has always been among the first to reap the benefits of auto motive progress.The automobile ended the isolation of farm life. The motor truck made it easier for him to get his produce to town, opened up new mar kets, allowed the profitable farming of lands far from other means of trans portation. And the tractor made it pos sible for him to do a better, bigger job of farming--relieved him of drudgery and gave him more time to enjoy life. In recent years, the high compression principle, already developed in automo bile and airplane engines, was adopted by the farm machinery industry. En gines were redesigned to take advan tage of the new improved gasolines, and great increases in the power and flexi bility of tractors resulted. This was an important factor in the evolution of the present compact, inexpensive tractor. The modern high compression trac tor provides an outstanding example and the petroleum refiner must evaluate of the importance of recognizing the fuels in terms of tomorrow's engines. engine and its fuel as a single unit. Its development resulted from the type of coordinated research in the automotive and petroleum industries that is ex pected by engineers to produce another bumper crop of power developments in the next ten vears. That's why we of the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation, through our Research Laboratories in Detroit and San Ber nardino, are engaging injoint programs with the automotive, aircraft, tractor and petroleum industries--and through our field staff we are assisting the users Already laboratory experiments with supercharged engines and engines of fuels and engines in the practical application of laboratory findings. having super-compression ratios show Ethyl Gasoline Corporation. Cltry-u < the possibilities of future automobiles, Building, Xew York City, manufactunr buses, trucks and tractors which will oj anti-knock fluids used by oil com renderobsolete presentstandards ofper panies to improve gasoline. formance. The practical pro duction of such vehicles will depend upon furthercooperative research in many fields -- engine design, metallurgy, Better and more economical transportation through ceramics, lubricants and fuels. The engine designer must ETHYL RESEARCH SERVICE plan for fuels of tomorrow ETC 22805 2Printed in C- >* ETC 22807 Ethyl Gasoline Corporation CHRYSLER BUILDINC NEW YORK CITY W. CARY HARRIS Editor FRANCIS V. V. ADRIANCE NORTHROP CLAREY, Jr. RUSSELL B. WESTON Associate Editors Correspondents Sales Dept. J. A. Costello F. S. Cronin B. R. Jones A. B. Wyrick A. C. Tully D. S. Flynn R. L. Goltz M. P. Murdock C. F. Naylor L. L. Huxtable Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dayton Kansas-City New York Los Angeles Seattle Tulsa Mfg. Dept. L. Barnu.m Baton Rouge C. Wasserman Deepwater E. J. Nieser Administration Dr. Beatty Chemical Research E. L. Barringer Detroit J. C. Pope Gasoline Testing Hubert Fossett London the material in this publica tion MAY' BE REPRINTED PROVIDED DUE CREDIT IS GIVEN THE "ETHYL NEWS" OR ETHYL GASOLINE CORPO RATION UNLESS ITIS A COPYRIGHTED ARTICLE Volume 7, Number 12 The Motorist Aids Defense HE taxpayer can thank the motorist for lifting at least a one billion Tdollar burden off his already heavily overloaded shoulders. National defense surveys are revealing more and more that the motorist, as leading financier of the nation's highways, has made great contributions to the defense program. Despite the recent hue and crv about the need for super-highways and military roads costing billions, experts report that roads already built and paid for by taxes levied on motorists are suited to military needs. The War Department has designated some 75,000 miles of highway already constructed as a "strategic network." An additional 3,000 miles of roads must be built as connecting links with military camps and reserva tions, some of the roads of the 75,000-mile network need resurfacing and a few bridges need repairs, but money for all this can come from present tax revenues. The first highwavs-for-defense programs called with reckless profligacy for the expenditure of billions on the repair of "old-fashioned" roads and bridges which were "hopelessly deficient for military purposes." The War Department has found, however, that national commercial development of roads meets military needs just as efficiently as it does civilian needs. A general network of good roads connecting important depots, mobilization and industrial centers has more strategic value than transcontinental ex press highways which merely cross the country. The Public Roads Administration has been working with state highway departments for some time to bring this 75,000-mile network to the stan dard of adequacy for national defense purposes. According to preliminary surveys, only 15 per cent of the bridges need reconstruction and additional road work necessary amounts to only 20 per cent of the estimates of super-highway advocates. Most of the improvements contemplated will be such as are desirable for normal peace time traffic and would have been made in a short time, even if there had been no urgent need for defense. And additional mileage needed will cost-far less than the promoters of dream roads proposed to spend. In This Issue Motorist Aids Defense Chicago's Subway "Photosphere," Strangest Post Office There Really is a Santa Claus Mosquitoes with a Sting Bonneville Dam This Month's Cover McGovern Governs Health Building Canada's Roads with Dynamite Newsbriefs--Service Awards ETC 22808 11 These men are busy assembling one of the 225-ton cutting shields which will slice cores of clay from the heart of the & Loop. Sinking this 45-foot shaft to the level at which the subway will be built is first task. Chicago Digs A Subway Substrata of Soft Blue Clay Pre sents New Problems to Under ground Railway Builders hicagoans are scheduled to C have a subway soon. Under the terms of the construction contract the Windy City's initial system must be substantially completed by De cember 31st, 1940. Night and day, since the first spades of earth were turned in December 1938. men working forty feet underground have been driving steadily toward this sjoal. Seven and 7/10 miles long, the new subway is the start of a compre hensive plan to overhaul completely the city's transportation facilities. Because of the nature of the Chicago region's substrata, which is composed of blue clay almost en tirely devoid of rocks, the building of a subway in the Illinois metropo lis was long considered an all but impossible task. Construction in the Loop section offered added difficul ties in that the water content of the soil is as high as 58 per cent in some places and the weight of the tall buildings creates a tremendous pres sure on such fluid soil. Huge shields, resembling a giant biscuit cutter have been tunneling through this sector. Each shield, weighing 225 tons, is constructed in sections and assembled in a pit dug in the route of the subway. The shield is pushed forward through the soil by hydraulic jacks braced against the steel plates which form the primary lining of the tube. The heavy lining of steel plates and ribs is erected inside the tail piece of the shield, and as the shield is pushed ahead, the lining protects the rear of the excavation. Four shields are be ing used in the work, two for each tube of the subway. Great amounts of material are go- This is a worm's eye view from the bot tom of the shaft. From here will be dug the horizontal train tubes. ETMIYI. yEWS [4] i' ETC 22809 ing into the subway system, includ ing 126,000 tons of steel, 430,000 cubic yards of gravel and crushed stone, 325,000 cubic yards of sand, 850,000 barrels of cement and 230 miles of conduit. The first step in construction was the digging of a work shaft 45 feet deep, from which a horizontal drift tunnel leads to the route of the train tubes. The drift tunnel has two air locks, one for inbound and the other for outbound traffic. The locks are to prevent the escape of compressed air from the tubes, where all work is done under pressure of from 12 to 15 pounds per square inch above atmospheric. The added pressure aids considerably in supporting the face, walls and roof of the tube. Digging crews chop away the walls of blue clay with power knives and air-powered spades, cutting chunks that look like huge sausages. Two helpers called muckers, catch each chunk as it falls and toss it into As fast as excavation takes place, a cir cular steel casing is erected in the tube. Through its wall concrete is forced to form the finished tunnel. a waiting car which runs on a nar row gauge railway. As the tunneling goes ahead, the walls and arch of the tube are lined with steel plates and ribs securely bolted together to resist great pressure. This lining lags only two feet behind the face of the working surface. After the diggers, or "miners," comes the concrete crew. These men first force pea gravel through open ings in the steel lining to fill all cavities between the lining and the clay wall. Concrete is poured for floor and curb and then a concrete inner lining two feet thick is poured over the reinforcing framework of steel to fashion the walls and arch. The concrete lining is blown into the forms with the force of a shrap nel blast by means of a blowing ma chine. A few workmen, whose risky task it is to remain inside the forms and agitate the concrete with a vibrator so that a compact surface will be produced, must be on their guard and dodge the blast. For the Chicago River crossing This is what the tunnel looks like after the steel casing has been removed. U E C E .Tf If C ft i# JO [ J] ETC 22810  4 - * i 9> Photo courtesy The Chicago Daily Xczcs Night and day work continues on the new Chicago subway. This giant con crete mixer is operating on the south bank of the Chicago River, supplying material for one of the under-water tubes. Photo, taken at twilight, shows the Wrigley Building in the back ground. giant steel tubes are being sunk in the river bed and will be connected at each end with the twin tunnels. The tubes, which are 200 feet long, are airtight and watertight and are lined inside and out with thick con crete walls. When in place their tops will be five feet' under the river bed. The new subway is regarded as a major step forward in the solution of Chicago's ever growing traffic problem. Below is given a list of the subway systems of the world, not including street car subways: City London Glasgow First Year 1863 1886 Mileage 79 16 Boston 1898 23 Paris Berlin 1900 1902 70 39 New York 1904 133 Philadelphia 1908 10/2 Clay sausages, cut by power knives, are carried to a narrow gauge railway for disposal. Few steam shovels are used in building Chicago's subway. Buenos Aires Moscow 1928 1935 10 18 ETUYL NEWS [6] II 1 l 4* & i: ETC 22811 CTi ' mm Photosphere" Takes Underwater Movies, Tne otrangest Post Office in the World HUNDRED feet under the sea A. a large metal sphere dangles at the end of a thick, flexible tube. Hung from a boat above, it cruises slowlv through forests of seaweed, over gleaming hills of coral, past schools of darting, bright-hued fish too amazed to be frightened. Behind a thick glass window stands a man looking out. The whole thing is something out of Jules Verne. But as fantastic as the fish might find it, the Photosphere, as it is called, was built for a very practical purpose. John Ernest YVilliamson, who designed it, has been impressed with the extraordinary clearness of the waters around the Bahama Is lands, where one can drop a dime and watch it settle 25 or 35 feet down. What a chance, he thought, for new photography--scenes of life under water, weird and beautiful, never before recorded. Williamson's father had invented, some years before, flexible metal tubes 3 feet in diameter for use in deep-sea salvage operations and sub marine engineering. Williamson, then a cartoonist on the Norfolk "Virginian Pilot," contrived an ob changing current. When Hollywood decided to film "20,000 Leagues under the Sea," the diving chamber was used. Williamson, a member of the Explorers Club, the Aquarian Society, the American Museum of Natural History, and author of Twenty Years under the Sea," took the Photosphere last year on the first servation sphere, a metal "bubble," to swing from the bottom of one of these tubes. The top ends in a boat, the Jules Verne III, specially de signed to raise and lower the Photo sphere, supply it with fresh air at normal pressure, or lower banks of floodlights into the water for the taking of pictures. Having learned the trick of taking still pictures under water, William son went on to moving pictures. He captured scenes of rotting pirate hulks bathed in filtered sunlight, coral mansions peopled with bril liant tropical fish, gardens of under sea foliagOe that undulate with each Under the bow of the American cruise liner Acadia, the control ship above Williamsons Photosphere can be seen on its way out of Nassau harbor. season's expedition of a projected five-year exploring and photograph ing tour of the ocean bottom, re turning with magnificent studies of underwater life around the coral One of the first covers mailed from the Sea Floor post office went to President Roosevelt. ItECEMUEn 1940 [7] ETC 22812 islands, cays and reefs of the Ba hamas. Capping all other achieve ments, he has actually made pictures in technicolor which catch the natu ral green, lavender, purple and golden brown shades of coral under water, with the striking colors of groupers, grunts, and other fish na tive to the Bahamas. According to Williamson, the sea is so clear in that region that one can descend 100 feet and still discern clearly objects more than 150 feet away. Tourists are allowed to descend into the Photosphere and actually "mb noses" with the undersea popu lation and radio broadcasts have been made in the chamber. But the most unusual purpose the Photo sphere has yet served is as a post office. In a space 6 feet by 10, the only underwater mail depot in the world receives letters, cancels them with a A cutaway view of the Williamson Photosphere shows the accordion-like flexible metal tube which furnishes ac cess and fresh air to the observatory on the ocean floor. The horn-like protru sion protects the observation window, five feet in diameter. special date-and-cancellation stamp, and forwards them. The "Sea Floor" post office reopened last July 6th to join in the world-wide celebration of "Penny Black," the first adhesive stamp, used in England a century ago, which inaugurated an organ ized public postal service. On this In natural color this scene would be dazzling--a school of gold-striped little "grunt" fish against a white sand bot tom, with the water a pale blue. occasion thousands of philatelists the world over wrote, wired and cabled for covers bearing the post mark of "Sea Floor, Bahamas." t I irnn kews [8] ETC 22813 I There Really Is A Santa Claus AcCHRISTMAS mecca, Santa .Claus, Indiana with its famous ' toyland and enchanted forest, yearly / attracts thousands of visitors. This little town located in the southern part of the state and numbering only a few hundred citizens has played host to as many as 25,000 guests in one day. Children eyes wide with wonder, and grown-ups, with a twinkle, too, pour into the fairytale town. They go to Santa Claus Park for an ad miring look at the statue of the patron saint of Yuletide joy. They wander through the enchanted for est, and perhaps the boys and girls he lie >ot- take time out to romp together in the playground there. They spend hours in the toy village where playthings out airplanes, boats, trains, dolls and a hundred other things. At the candy castle they find fairy Within the candy castle fairytale mu rals adorn the walls and have been seen by visitors from all parts of the country. of all kinds, shapes, and size are on land before their very eyes. There sts display. And in the toy factory they Mother Goose, Simple Simon, Jack nd st- may see the jovial hero of their and Jill, Little Bo Peep, Old King Hundreds of thousands of parents Christmas dreams at work turning Cole and many others frolic on the send letters and packages to Santa walls in colorful murals painted by Claus to be postmarked and remailed Emil Strauss. to their children. And from all parts Founded in 1846 Santa Claus was of the country come letters from the originally named Santa Fe. When it kiddies, themselves, giving St. Nick became large enough to have a post broad hints about what they'd like office the Government reported that to find under the spreading Christ Indiana already had a Santa Fe. The mas tree. No letter goes unanswered. following Christmas a vision of Santa The local post of the American Le Claus and his reindeer appeared to gion see to that. Because it is the a village child. When the towns only town in the world so named all people heard about it they decided letters addressed to Santa Claus, to name their town Santaclaus. sent in the United States or Canada It lived in peaceful security until and properly stamped are sent there. about twenty years ago when a stamp This year the deluge has already collector suggested that the name be begun. The rush is on. But the little changed from one word to two. The post office is prepared. For Uncle suggestion was accepted, and the Sam is cooperating with Santa Claus. name of the town was officially He has dispatched fourteen extra changed to Santa Claus. Then things postal clerks to the Christmas mail changed. ing center. Letters and packages will Robert Ripley heard about the be sent without delay. So childish town, announced to the world that hearts may leap with joy, so chubby The town's statue to its patron saint, erected by public subscription, stands in Santa Claus Park. there really was a Santa Claus, and proved it. Ever since parents have been proving it to their children. hands may clutch prized missives, so the spirit of Santa Claus may reign throughout the land. DECE 31 BEK 1940 l9l ETC 22814 Mi ;i X- Mosquitoes with a Sting tiny Motor Torpedo Boats Which can Hit a 60 Knot Clip and Have Sufficient Power to Sink a Battleship May Play an Im portant Role in Your Uncle Sam's National Defense Pro gram A FLEET of tiny speedboats which il dart in like rapiers, stab deep into an enemy's vitals and withdraw speedily may soon become one of the bulwarks of national defense, if the motor torpedo boats now being tested by Uncle Sam's Navy measure up to expectations. A large and efficient mosquito fleet has long been one of President Roosevelt's pet aims, and at his re quest Congress set aside $15,000,000 for building experimental motor tor pedo boats. England has had con siderable success with craft of this type, and 70-foot boats of the kind designed by Sir Hubert Scott-Paine, the "Gar Wood of Great Britain," have proved best in actual sea duty. They were particularly effective in the evacuation of Dunkerque, when 18 of them were used. Due to their great maneuverability, which rend ered them practically immune to air attack, not one of the 18 was lost in that action. The Elco works at Bayonne, New Jersey, a subsidiary of the Electric Boat Company, has been given a contract to build 23 motor torpedo boats of the Scott-Paine model. If these prove successful, they will un doubtedly be the beginning of a large mosquito fleet. Some have al ready been delivered to the Navv and are based at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, from where they go out to sea for frequent tests. /Hie remainder is scheduled to be delivered at the rate of one boat a Week. These little/sea hornets are able to hit a of sixty knots. They can maint, this rapid clip and carry out their mission in waves run ning from 12 to 15 feet high. On test cruises ne of the boats has already beenjjut in three severe storms on .tantic and has weathered them but damage. The crew takes a severe beating when running at high speed during weather of this sort, and any man who isn't the possessor of a cast iron stomach would do well to remain aboard one of the larger battle wagons. No one is allowed on deck- in a heavy sea, except in an emer gency. The boats are so constructed that the crew can pass from bow to stern" below decks. The drive behind such terrific speed is furnished by three 1200- horsepower supercharged Packard engines of 12 cylinders each, which are housed in the engine room aft. To obtain maximum efficiency of operation, 100-octane gasoline is used, and enough is carried to give a boat a cruising radius of 3,000 miles. The method of attack used by motor torpedo boats is to dash in, deliver a telling blow and dash out again. The boat's silhouette is so low against the horizon that it is almost invisible to the commander of an enemy ship. To take full ad vantage of this, the speedster at tacks, wherever possible, either Mrs. Hiram Edward Manville's luxuri ous yacht, the Hi-Esmaro, has been ;purchased by the Navy and rechrist ened the Niagara. It witt serve as a ten der for the mosquito fleet, accompany ing it on all long cruises. ETHYL NEWS [ IO ] ETC 22815 / A squadron of motor torpedo boats skims over the water in formation. The boats go out daily from the Brooklyn if a Navy Yard to practice ptelimininary maneuvers such as this. al- avy meat" for a gunner below and a well avy placed stream of bullets from a ma sea chine gun on the deck of a motor r is torpedo boat can drop it handily into rate the sea. The new motor torpedo boats are ible undergoing rigid service tests to de hey velop and determine their capabili and ties and limitations under all condi un tions encountered at sea. They have test already proved that their combina idy tion of high speed and maneuver on ability enables them to outmaneuver em all surface ships, even in waves run ning 15 feet high. Later tests will ing match them against destroyers in ing down a sun streak or out of a bank pedoes are discharged over the side war games, to determine whether or lan on ain tie ck er- of mist. The enemy commander doesn't hear the onrushing mosquito boat because its powerful engines are muffled. By the time he sees it and tries to aim his guns, the little fel at an angle to the boat's course and return automatically, at a safe dis tance, to a course parallel to that of the boat. In addition to four torpedoes of the latest type, four machine guns not the destroyers can run them down. Similar tests conducted by the Germans are reported to have shown the motor torpedo boat a more effective sea weapon than the destroyer. ed to low has begun to zigzag sharply on twin mounts and a smoke laying Lieutenant Earl S. Caldwell, U. i from side to side so as to make of apparatus comprise each vessel's S. N. is in command of the first two itself a target that is almost impos armament. The machine guns are motor torpedo boat squadrons, con fic sible to hit. In close, the motor boat particularly effective against diving sisting of a personnel of 21 officers )0- cuts loose its torpedoes, whirls on a aircraft. When a plane zooms up- and 168 men. Of this number, 12 .rd ten cent piece and is gone. ward after a steep dive it is `cold officers and 110 men are in the Sec- ch One of these torpedoes packs suf ft. ficient wallop to send an aircraft of carrier to the bottom, and a squad is ron of motor boats, armed with four ve torpedoes each, is potent enough to 00 sink the largest battleship, experts believe. Each boat carries half the hitting power in torpedoes of a >n, modern destroyer. ut Simplicity in launching its torso , pedoes is another advantage of the is motor torpedo boat. Its helmsman er puts it on a collision course with its d- intended victim and holds that it- course at torpedo speed. The torer With the towers of Manhattan as a ri- backdrop, the PT-9 churns up the waters of the East River after leaving <t- her base at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. This photo affords an excellent view of her four torpedo tubes and machine gun turrets. 5 DECEMBER 1940 ' [n] ETC 22816 ond Squadron, which is the largest. A boat crew consists of eight men and an officer. The men must be young--under 35--and tough, and they are carefully selected for thenexperience and ability in handling torpedoes, torpedo control, machine guns and gasoline engines. A part of the Navy's new mosquito feet is shown in various stages of construc tion at the Elco Works in Bayonne, New Jersey. A good idea of the size of the boats can be gained from the hu man figures in the photo. Elco-Photo The crew's quarters aboard ship are located forward and are equip ped with bunks, electric hot plates and an electric refrigerator, so that a boat can remain at sea for ten days at a stretch, if necessary. While at sea the crew lives on sandwiches, soup and coffee, as it is impossible to keep dishes and pans on mess table in a rough sea. A long period at sea in such cramped quarters might make Jack a grouchy and irritable boy, so the Navy recently purchased for $150,000 Mrs. Hiram Edward Manville's million dollar luxury yacht, the HiEsmaro, which has been rechristened the Niagara and will be used as tender for the mosquito fleet. Aboard the Niagara, which will accompany the squadrons whenever they cruise far from their land base, will be Lieutenant Earl S. Caldwell, in com mand of the two M.T.B. Squadrons, gives orders from the bridge of his little flagship. Lieutenant (Junior Grade) R. E. Westholm, flag skipper, looks out of the flexoglass window of the steering station. Below Lieutenant Westholm is the Squadrons emblem, a mosquito riding a torpedo, which was designed by Walt Disney. ETHYL NEWS [12] ETC 22817 One of the first Motor Torpedo Boats designed and built in England for the Royal Navy discharges her two torpe does. This boat, which is a forerunner of the FT-9 type, is neither as big nor as fast as the latter. shower baths, mess hall, quarters for the staff personnel, recreation fa cilities and space for storage of per sonal belongings. Boats which are subjected at high speeds to such a pounding as the mosquito boats must take require a combination of lightness and strength in their construction, and considerable study has been neces sary to determine the most suitable materials. As a result, the first motor torpedo boats weigh less per horse power than the trans-Atlantic clip per planes. Hull planking, which is double, is of African mahogany with a total thickness of almost an inch. Laying the planking diagonally im parts great strength, and doped fab ric between inner and outer skins assures water tightness. So buoyant is the structure, the boat would re main afloat even though all water tight comparts were flooded. Its beam of 22 feet gives a motor torpedo boat great stability in rough water and its draught of only five feet enables it to venture into waters far too shallow for larger fighting craft. The insignia of the M. T. B. fleet, which is painted on the side of each boat, was designed by Walt Disney. It consists of a torpedo, ridden by a fierce looking mosquito wearing a sailor's hat, about to enter a huge wave. If these first motor torpedo boats meet the Navy's approval, it is be lieved that hundreds more will be built, since in the event of war such high speed, shallow draught vessels can perform a multitude of duties. Initial tests show they would be es pecially effective in repelling raiding forces. The crew of an English Motor Torpedo Boat goes into action. These boats proved their worth under fire in the evacuation of Dunkerque. ETC 2281 g Bonneville Dam Boon to Gasoline Shippers An aerial view of the Bonneville project shows the ship lock at the right, the fish ladder curving across Bradford Island in the center, and the main portion of the dam at the left. World's Highest Ship Lock is one Navigation of ocean-going vessels of many Unique Features of via the Columbia and Willamette Giant Columbia River Project rivers to Portland, has been taking OCATED 140 miles up the Co place for many years. The construc Ilumbia River from its mouth at tion of Bonneville Dam, with its Astoria, Oregon, is Bonneville Dam, tremendous ship lock, together with one of ten dams that will eventually channel-deepening projects, have be located on the river at such points made the river navigable for such that navigation and power develop vessels as far as The Dalles, over ment possibilities will be utilized to 200 miles from the mouth. River their utmost. The river is 1,210 miles boats and barges may travel many in length, of which 750 miles are miles farther inland. within the United States. The total Since completion of the dam with fall of the United States portion is its giant lock in 1939, various oil 1,288 feet, which is sufficient to companies operating throughout make the Columbia the fastest flow Oregon, Washington, and parts of ing of the large rivers on this con Idaho have been utilizing river tinent. transportation for the movement of millions of gallons of gasoline and other petroleum products to the markets in the eastern portions of this territory. Oil barges operated by several transportation companies receive their loads at marine ter minals in Portland, after the prod ucts have been deposited there by ocean-going tankers. They move down the Willamette River to its junction with the Columbia, thence up that river, through the lock at Bonneville, and on to terminals at The Dalles and Umatilla in Oregon and Attalia in Washington. During the first six months of 1940 over 178,000 tons of petroleum products were moved through the ETHYL NEWS f 14 ] ETC 22819 FTHilf^PHOraniF^. In lock at Bonneville. Approximately 90 per cent of this was gasoline, over 48 million gallons during the six month period. History's peak month for gasoline transported through the lock was July 1940, when the figure was approximately 11 million gal lons. Transportation facilities on the river are also utilized for the move 1/ ment of many thousands of tons of other products, such as wheat and rafted logs. The project at Bonneville was con structed and is being maintained and operated under the direction of the Secretary of War, with supervi sion by the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. The ship lock which the petroleum industry uses to such great advantage has a verti wide by 500 feet in length. A rather A gasoline barge unloads its cargo at cal lift at extreme low water of 66 complicated system of valves and the Dalles, Oregon, 200 miles upstream feet, which is the greatest of any ports is used to fill and empty the from the sea.' lock yet built, according to R. E. lock normally in about 15 minutes. MacKenzie, a United States Army Each leaf of the lower gate weighs vast network of power distribution engineer. 525 tons, is 102 feet high, and has air which will tie in the power produc Mr. MacKenzie, who was in chambers in the lower half to reduce tion facilities at Bonneville with charge of the design of the lock, the weight while in service. The those at Grand Coulee, hundreds of and Mr. Charles S. Piper, principal height of the upper gate is 45 feet. miles up the river, is under the direc photographer of the Bonneville- Electrically driven gate operating tion of the Secretary of the Interior Grand Coulee Power Administra machinery is located in the lock wall. and the supervision of the Bonne tion, obligingly provided your Five hundred foot concrete guide ville-Grand Coulee Power Admin "Ethyl News" reporter with most of walls at each end of the lock enable istration in Portland. ICt the information concerning the Bon vessels to moor while awaiting pas One of the strangest and most ish nd of neville project. The lock is 76 feet sage. romantic features of this great proj- The dam across the main channel of the river is a concrete gravity sec tion. The length of the dam proper is 1,090 feet, width at the base is ud 200 feet, and height above lowest he foundation about 170 feet. The aver of age annual flood flow of the river oy is approximately 500,000 second es feet, but the spillway is designed to T- pass a flood of 1,600,000 second feet, d- 37 per cent greater than the greatest oy flood flow on record, which occurred v^e in 1894. its The powerhouse, located near the- ce lower end of Bradford Island, was at at built to accommodate six hydro electric generating units. Each of 1/ >n the two main turbines now installed has a capacity of 60,000 horsepower. of m le >ie giant ship lock, highest in the corld, has a vertical lift of 66 feet from , low water. The four additional turbines now in the process of manufacture will de velop 74,000 horsepower each. A This salmon is on its way over the Bon neville Dam via the fish ladder. Its final goal is the spawning grounds far inland. FTHY! [15] /o TC 22820 / A sturdy tugboat pushes a gasoline barge up the Columbia River. . fc -- ect and of great interest to visitors, is the provision that has been made for the movement of migratory fish back and forth across the dam. Co lumbia River salmon support, to a great extent, the fishing industry in the Pacific Northwest, a major in dustry with a product worth an esti mated $10,000,000 annually. The small fingerling salmon are hatched in gravel streambeds sometimes hundreds of miles inland. They de scend the river and enter the ocean, where they remain for three or more years. After maturity in the sea they enter fresh water to spawn, ascend ing the same stream in which they visitors will spend hours at the lad never to return for the upstream mi originated. While at sea and while ders, fascinated by the sight of sal gration occurs but once in the life of on the upstream migration, the sal mon purposefully moving upstream, each. mon are caught for market and sport. Photographs courtesy BonnevilU`Grand CouleePower Administration To assure passage of fish at all times, two types of fishways were installed, the pool-type fishladder This Month's Cover and the fish lock which operates on the principle of a navigation lock. The fishladders consist of inclined A Two-Hundred-Year-Old Christmas Reenacted water passages circling around the end of the dam from the lower to the higher water level. At regular inter NO modem, streamlined Christmas is observed in Williamsburg, Vir ginia, where this year as in the past its citizens will celebrate the holi day season in the old English way, with yule logs, carol singing, fireworks, it: vals there are cross partitions, the crest of each successive one a foot bonfires in the streets and Christmas masques. Garish, colored electric lights are frowned on as decorations for trees and higher than the one below. The houses, and only the traditional white candles are used for illumination, water flowing down the passage spills over these partitions to form a series of pools. Fish pass from pool to pool in climbing to the higher with "great lanthoms" to light up the cupolas of the magnificent Governor's Palace, the colonial Capitol and the Sir Christopher Wren Building of the College of William and Mary. Townspeople, students and visitors unite in carol singing, the whole town is decorated with garlands of evergreen and holly, and at the famous Raleigh Tavern there are bowls of Virginia eggnog level. The fish locks are 20 by 30 for the visitors, presents are distributed, and presiding over all is the "Lord feet in section and are provided in of Misrule," the official master of the revels at English and colonial Christ pairs so that one chamber always mas feasts. may be open for the entry of fish. An ingeniously contrived collecting system was installed at Bonneville to attract fish to the entrances of the fishways. The holidays begin earlier and last later in Williamsburg, starting on December 16th and ending on January 6th, "Twelfth Night," when a play or masque suitable to the occasion is usually presented. At the beginning of the festivities William and Mary students celebrate the joyous ceremony of cutting down and hauling home in triumph the massive Yule Log and dur ing the whole two weeks the town lives up to the words of the song found in Fish-counting stations have been an eighteenth century Williamsburg Almanack: installed in the ladder and each species of fish is counted separately. During the first six months of opera tion, 362,000 salmon passed over the fishways on the upstream migration, 4 Now Christmas comes, 'tis fit that we Should feast and sing, and merry be Keep open house, let fiddlers play A fig for cold, sing care away And may they who thereat repine plus hundreds of thousands of trout On brown bread and on small beer dine. ETHYL NEWS [ i <5 ] ETC 22821 n miife of /Zs Bearing down hard, on the medicine ball, Artie McGovern really goes to town on the mid-section of the one and only sultan of swat, Babe Ruth. After two winters of this the bambino poled 60 home runs in a single season. McGovern Governs Health Prominent Figures in Sports, Busi ness and the Professions have Improved their Figures under the Guidance of this Famous Trainer J li/TEET Artie McGovern! He's a * IV-Llittle fellow -- about five feet * five inches tall and weighing around 140 pounds--but a list of those who have trained at his gymnasium at 41 East 42nd Street in New York City looks like a composite Who's Who of the business, sport, entertainment and literary worlds. Probably Artie's most famous piece of work was the job he did on George Herman "Babe" Ruth, famed Caliph of Clout. In the autumn of 1925 the fans were sadly beginning to believe the Babe was through. From overeating and not taking proper care of himself in other ways, * Ruth was piling on weight at a ter rific rate--and during the 1925 sea son he had banged out only 25 home runs! Christie Walsh, Babe's manager, brought him to McGovern's gym in November of that year. The Babe at the time weighed 254 pounds. Artie cut his eating down to two meals a day and put him on a strict exercise regime, which included about two hours of gym work a day. Though it was a tough schedule for any man, the Babe went through with it. As a result, he weighed only 210 pounds when he reported to the Yanks for spring training. During that summer of 1926 Ruth clubbed 47 homers. Again that winter he went back under Artie's supervision, and in 1927 gained un disputed possession of the title of Sultan of Swat by driving 60 cir cuit smashes out of the ball yard, a mark which has never been equaled. Thanks to Artie McGovern, the Bambino's playing career continued until he was past forty. Artie estimates that Ruth worked off a total of about 10,000 pounds during his career. The Babe was na turally inclined to be fat and his struggle against excess poundage was fierce and continuous. Methods used to remove weight from him would never do for the average man. The Babe had a powerful physique and could stand drastic reducing methods, whereas Mr. Average Citi zen, if he tried the same methods, would wind up with a nervous breakdown. Moderation, says Artie, is the answer for anyone except the exceptionally strong. The amazing comeback of Jimmie Ripple, who starred for Cincinnati's Reds in the recent World Series, can be credited to Artie McGovern. When Ripple, who for several years was a shining light in the line-up of the New York Giants, was shipped last spring to Montreal of the Inter national League, he was generally believed to be washed up with big league ball. Artie, however, peeled fifteen pounds off Ripple and sent him, in as good condition as he had ever been in his life, to Deacon Will McKechnie, manager of the Reds. A short while afterward Jimmy proved a tremendous headache to Del Baker's Detroit Tigers. Conditioning baseball players is one of Artie's specialties. Every spring he goes South to the training camp of the Brooklyn Dodgers, to take charge of ridding Larry McPhail's DafiBness Boys of their wint er's accumulation of excess pound age. Artie receives a dollar for every pound he sweats off the overstuffed athletes. Artie believes that most physical troubles are caused by a sagging of the abdominal muscles. He also be lieves that, in exercising, one should not use up too much energy. There fore, he concentrates his exercises on the abdominal region and insists that all movements be performed in a recumbent position in order to con serve energy. In this connection he recalled the case of Johnnie Farrell. Johnnie was one of the leading lights of the links. He was an expert shot maker and victor in many 36-hole tournaments. But in the longer and more impor tant 72-hole events Johnnie would generally start off like a house afire and then fade rapidly toward the end. He just didn't seem to have the stamina to carry him through. In addition, he only weighed 138 m DECEMBER 1940 [ 17 1 ETC 22822 A sturdy tugboat pushes a gasoline barge up the Columbia River. ect and of great interest to visitors, is the provision that has been made for the movement of migratory fish back and forth across the dam. Co lumbia River salmon support, to a great extent, the fishing industry in the Pacific Northwest, a major in dustry with a product worth an esti mated $10,000,000 annually. The small fingerling salmon are hatched in gravel streambeds sometimes hundreds of miles inland. They de scend the river and enter the ocean, where they remain for three or more years. After maturity in the sea they enter fresh water to spawn, ascend ing the same stream in which they originated. While at sea and while on the upstream migration, the sal mon are caught for market and sport. To assure passage of fish at all times, two types of fishways were installed, the pool-type fishladder and the fish lock which operates on the principle of a navigation lock. The fishladders consist of inclined water passages circling around the end of the dam from the lower to the higher water level. At regular inter vals there are cross partitions, the crest of each successive one a foot higher than the one below. The water flowing down the passage spills over these partitions to form a series of pools. Fish pass from pool to pool in climbing to the higher level. The fish locks are 20 by 30 feet in section and are provided in pairs so that one chamber always may be open for the entry of fish. An ingeniously contrived collecting system was installed at Bonneville to attract fish to the entrances of the fishways. Fish-counting stations have been installed in the ladder and each species of fish is counted separately. During the first six months of opera tion, 362,000 salmon passed over the fishways on the upstream migration, plus hundreds of thousands of trout and other kinds of fish. Sometimes visitors will spend hours at the lad ders, fascinated by the sight of sal mon purposefully moving upstream, never to return for the upstream mi gration occurs but once in the life of each. Photographs courtesy Bonneville*Grand CouleePower Administration This Month's Cover A Two-Hundred-Year-Old Christmas Reenacted NO modem, streamlined Christmas is observed in Williamsburg, Vir ginia, where this year as in the past its citizens will celebrate the holi day season in the old English way, with yule logs, carol singing, fireworks, bonfires in the streets and Christmas masques. Garish, colored electric lights are frowned on as decorations for trees and houses, and only the traditional white candles are used for illumination, with "great lanthoms" to light up the cupolas of the magnificent Governor's Palace, the colonial Capitol and the Sir Christopher Wren Building of the College of William and Mary. Townspeople, students and visitors unite in carol singing, the whole town is decorated with garlands of evergreen and holly, and at the famous Raleigh Tavern there are bowls of Virginia eggnog for the visitors, presents are distributed, and presiding over all is the "Lord of Misrule," the official master of the revels at English and colonial Christ mas feasts. The holidays begin earlier and last later in Williamsburg, starting on December 16th and ending on January 6th, "Twelfth Night," when a play or masque suitable to the occasion is usually presented. At the beginning of the festivities William and Mary students celebrate the joyous ceremony of cutting down and hauling home in triumph the massive Yule Log and dur ing the whole two weeks the town lives up to the words of the song found in an eighteenth century Williamsburg Almanack: Now Christmas comes,'tis fit that we Should feast and sing, and merry be Keep open house, let fiddlers play A fig for cold, sing care away And may they who thereat repine On brown bread and on small beer dine. ETItVE NEWS [ i<5 ] ETC 22823 fi 2-- ' Isff*. l mife of y *S:;-L o"PTOl /Zs Bearing down hard on the medicine ball, Artie McGovern really goes to town on the mid-section of the one and only sultan of swat. Babe Ruth. After two winters of this the bambino poled 60 home runs in a single season. \w ^ McGovern Governs Health Prominent Figures in Sports, Busi hours of gym work a day. Though it ness and the Professions have was a tough schedule for any man, Improved their Figures under the Babe went through with it. As the Guidance of this Famous a result, he weighed only 210 Trainer pounds when he reported to the MEET Artie McGovern! He's a little fellow --about five feet Yanks for spring training. During that summer of 1926 Ruth five inches tall and weighing arouncdlubbed 47 homers. Again that 140 pounds--but a list of those who winter he went back under Artie's have trained at his gymnasium at 41 supervision, and in 1927 gained un East 42nd Street in New York City disputed possession of the title of looks like a composite Who's Who Sultan of Swat by driving 60 cir of the business, sport, entertainment cuit smashes out of the ball yard, a and literary worlds. mark which has never been equaled. Probably Artie's most famous Thanks to Artie McGovern, the piece of work was the job he did on Bambino's playing career continued George Herman "Babe" Ruth, famed until he was past forty. Caliph of Clout. In the autumn of Artie estimates that Ruth worked 1925 the fans were sadly beginning off a total of about 10,000 pounds to believe the Babe was through. during his career. The Babe was na From overeating and not taking turally inclined to be fat and his proper care of himself in other ways, struggle against excess poundage Ruth was piling on weight at a ter was fierce and continuous. Methods rific rate--and during the 1925 sea used to remove weight from him son he had banged out only 25 home would never do for the average man. runs! The Babe had a powerful physique Christie Walsh, Babe's manager, and could stand drastic reducing brought him to McGovern's gym in methods, whereas Mr. Average Citi November of that year. The Babe at zen, if he tried the same methods, the time weighed 254 pounds. Artie would wind up with a nervous cut his eating down to two meals a breakdown. Moderation, says Artie, day and put him on a strict exercise is the answer for anyone except the regime, which included about two exceptionally strong. The amazing comeback of Jimmie Ripple, who starred for Cincinnati's Reds in the recent World Series, can be credited to Artie McGovern. When Ripple, who for several years was a shining light in the line-up of the New York Giants, was shipped last spring to Montreal of the Inter national League, he was generally believed to be washed up with big league ball. Artie, however, peeled fifteen pounds off Ripple and sent him, in as good condition as he had ever been in his life, to Deacon Will McKechnie, manager of the Reds. A short while afterward Jimmy proved a tremendous headache to Del Baker's Detroit Tigers. Conditioning baseball players is one of Artie's specialties. Every spring he goes South to the training camp of the Brooklyn Dodgers, to take charge of ridding Larry McPhail's Daffiness Boys of their wint er's accumulation of excess pound age. Artie receives a dollar for every pound he sweats off the overstuffed athletes. Artie believes that most physical troubles are caused by a sagging of the abdominal muscles. He also be lieves that, in exercising, one should not use up too much energy. There fore, he concentrates his exercises on the abdominal region and insists that all movements be performed in a recumbent position in order to con serve energy. In this connection he recalled the case of Johnnie Farrell. Johnnie was one of the leading lights of the links. He was an expert shot maker and victor in many 36-hole tournaments. But in the longer and more impor tant 72-hole events Johnnie would generally start off like a house afire and then fade rapidly toward the end. He just didn't seem to have the stamina to carry him through. In addition, he only weighed 138 DECEMBER 1940 [I?] ETC 22824 pounds, which was too little for his six foot height. Worried about the situation, Johnnie put himself in the hands of Artie McGovern who decided that here was another case of abdominal sagging. He made Johnnie put his golf clubs in the locker and keep 'em there, and then he gave him a three months' course of recumbent work outs. At the end of that time Johnnie had gained 17 pounds. A short while afterward he stepped out on the golf course and tied for first in the Na tional Open. And then he proceeded to win the playoff and championship from no less a personage than the mighty Georgian, Robert Tyre Jones! Other famous sports figures, both men and women, have trained at McGovern's gym, including Jack Dempsey, Gene Sarazen, Leo Diegel, Maureen Orcutt, Babe Didrik- 7 ' V son, and Vincent Richards, but busi ness and professional men form by far the major portion of his clientele. Artie is the fellow who whittled Al Schacht, baseball's ace comedian who used to be a fair country pitcher before turning clown, doesn't seem to care much for the steam cabinet meth od of reducing. Artie is comforting him with the thought that the first hundred pounds are the hardest. Paul Whiteman from a 300-pound whale to his present sylph-like pro portions. Shortly after he was down to fighting weight, the famed maes tro of jazz, who once was an inter collegiate heavyweight boxing champion, drew on the padded mitts with Babe Ruth and gave the Bam bino an artistic lacing. Artie has had charge of the physi cal conditioning of Edward Stettinius, John Philip Sousa, Eddy Duchin, Marshall Field 3rd, John Raskob, James D. Mooney, Henry Morgenthau, Hendrik VanLoon, Colonel Arthur Woods, J. P. McEvoy, Paul Gallico, Jefferson Caffery, Rube Goldberg, and Grover Whalen. Among his lady pupils was Helen Clay Frick, formerly the world's wealthiest heiress. Several of Artie's clients receive early morning instruction in their homes. Among these was Grover Whalen, whom Artie calls his "most Here is what might be called a battle of music. At left is Paul Whiteman, king of jazz, before McGovern, center, pared him down to a shadow. At right is the late John Philip Sousa, the march king. ETHYL KEWS [ 18] ETC 22825 nedian ritcher em to meth- ig him ndred >ound 3 pro down maesinteroxing mitts Bam- >hysiettinchin, skob, rgenlonel Paul Rube alen. lelen >rld's oeive their over most tie of king iared 5 the king. ws f $ , willing riser." Regardless of how late Whalen had been out the night be fore, he always was up before seven to give Artie a cheerful good morn ing. His worst client in this respect was Thomas F. Smith, one-time Sec retary of Tammany Hall and right hand man of Boss Murphy. Smith paid his bill regularly every month for almost a year, but every morning he would leave a note on the gate outside his brownstone house. "Dear Artie: I was out late last night. See you tomorrow," the note always said. During the entire year Artie never saw Smith. Artie's star gymnasium pupil in the matter of attendance was Wil fred Funk, the publisher. For 14 years Funk reported at the gym five days a week for exercise. Regarding James D. Mooney, vice president of General Motors, Artie says, "He is the most aggres sive business man with whom I ever put on the gloves. It's a good thing for a lot of prize fighters he went into the automobile business in stead of the ring." Exercise, Artie points out, is the great normalizer. It tends to bring the human body to the condition in which Nature intended it to be. That is why the same exercise will take weight off a fat man and put it on a thin man. Artie scoffs at the idea that exer cise will perform miracles. He be lieves that exercise solely for the sake of building up animal strength is an absurd waste of vitality. He claims that Mother Nature has de termined in advance everyone's physical limits, so he has devised his system of training accordingly. By keeping within individual limits, anyone may attain the peak physical condition which Nature will allow him. Heredity plays a large part in setting these limits. "If you want to live to a ripe old age," says Artie, "the best way is to choose long lived parents." In reducing, as in other forms of training, Artie counsels moderation. He is an uncompromising foe of diet fads and patent medicines. Extreme diet, he says, not only makes the muscles flabby but it also ruins any one's disposition and nervous sys tem. To illustrate his point he tells the story of a young actress who had gained 25 pounds during her vaca tion in the country. She came to him and asked if he could get it all off in two weeks. "I can," he replied, "but I won't be a party to apy such foolhardy stunt!" Congressman Bruce Barton shows good form in leading with his left while blocking McGoverns left with his right. Nobody will get hurt in this fight, how ever, as both boys are members of the same club. In a huff, she said she would get somebody else to do the job. She did, but the night her show opened she was not in her featured role. An understudy was taking her place while she lay in a hospital, a physi cal wreck. Except in cases where the individ ual is unusually rugged, Artie be lieves in cutting down weight grad ually. "Eat anything you like but not too much of it,", is his advice. The same moderation should apply to alcoholic beverages. As for sleep, a person should find out how much he needs on the average each night and then try to stick close to that amount. Artie views with alarm the "week end athlete," the fellow who sits at a desk all week and then takes enough exercise over the weekend to wear down a trained professional. The golf addict falls in this category. Golf, Artie agrees, is a grand old game, but the average weekend golfer would be much better if he played fewer holes. Another fellow who is headed for trouble is the gent who hibernates in an office all winter and then goes to town with a bang when the weather gets warm. "It is a well established fact that the sap starts to run in the spring but the pity of it is that he keeps on running instead of pausing to rest once in a while," is the way Artie puts it. A tough break turned out to be a blessing in disguise and gave Artie his start in the health building busi ness. Back in 1910 he was a pretty fair lightweight boxfighter, but one evening he broke his hand on the hard head of an opponent. The doc tor who set the bone did a botchedup job, and it looked as if Artie's ring career was ended. To make matters worse, fire destroyed the garage housing the fleet of taxicabs in which all Artie's savings were in vested. Artie consulted Dr. William Hills Sheldon, a prominent bone specialist at Cornell medical college, about his injured hand, as he needed the money he could make in the fight game. Dr. Sheldon took a liking to him and got him a job as physical director of the New York Physicians Club. Artie liked the work so well that, when his hand was back in shape once more, he didn't go back into the ring. Later, during World War days, he had charge of rebuilding young men who had been turned down for mili tary service because of physical shortcomings. Anyone who doubts that Artie McGovern's system is ef fective need only take a glance at its originator to change his mind. Al though Artie is now 53 years old, he looks like a trained athlete in the late twenties or early thirties. DECEMBER 1940 [ 19 ] ETC 22826 Building Canada's Roads with Dynamic/ CANADA is seeking an increase in its tourist business. Nature : has bestowed her gifts no more em^PWFHF. lavishly on any other region, is the claim of Dominion officials. In the east and northern sections are vast stretches of evergreen forests dotted with numberless lakes, both large and small. In the interior are the rolling prairies, ranch lands and wheat fields of Manitoba, Saskatche wan and eastern Alberta. The tower ing, snow-spangled Rockies rise in the west, rivalling anything the European Alps have to offer. To bring these scenic beauties within easy reach of the motorist, Canada has built a network of good roads and super-highways, stretch to the Technical Department of the ing from coast to coast and from Explosives Division of Canadian In north to south. In this task new prob dustries Limited. lems faced the engineers. The old- Some of the most heart-breaking fashioned methods of road build obstacles ever to face a highway en ing, in which the highway followed gineer were encountered during the the line of least resistance and sim construction of the Trans-Canada ply made detours around obstacles, Highway on the stretch through the was not good enough, especially in Rockies and Selkirks. Most of these mountainous country and forest re obstacles could have been overcome gions where muskeg swamps were only by the use of dynamite. At one numerous. point the builders needed three As the result of considerable re years to blast their way through five search, dynamite came into exten miles of solid rock at a cost of $30,- sive use in the construction of Do 000 a mile. minion highways. A great deal of Near Golden, British Columbia, credit for this development belongs they came to a vast cedar swamp, The men in the accompanying photo are engaged in the delicate task of plac ing dynamite charges which will blow the fill down to a solid foundation. many of the trees in which were two hundred feet high and ten feet broad at the butt. These forest giants had to be felled and their stumps blown away by dynamite blasts. One road which required a tremen dous amount of engineering effort was the Rocky Mountain Highway, a 186-mile stretch of road connect ing Banff and Jasper National Park. Blasted through the very heart of the Rockies, this highway opens up a new wonderland of stately mountains, huge ice fields, giant timber and turbulent rivers. Start ing at Banff at an elevation of 4,500 feet, the road makes a gentle ascent through the Bow Valley to Lake Louise and from that famous resort swings almost due north toward Jasper. Along its entire route one passes through some of the most breath-taking mountain scenery in the world. In the forest regions of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia are countless muskegswamps. FI'SvU"'"PflTflF!!F/^d There it goes! This blast accomplishes in seconds what would require months by other methods. ETHYL MEWS f 20 ] ETC 22827 Formerly it took months, sometimes years, to build a road across a swamp, because the fill had to settle naturally through soft muck and muskeg until it finally rested on solid bottom. In building modem roads with the use of dynamite, however, work that once took years was accomplished in a few short weeks. The process was simple. Soundings were first made to determine the depth and type of soft material underlying the pros pective roadbed. Next the meadow mat, a tangled network of grasses, brush and tree stumps which would hamper operations, was blasted away. Then fill of the same depth as the soft material was placed on top. lenffort vay, ectark. eart )ens tely iant art500 ent ake sort ard one lost in rio, ova ips. -Ties iths iv S $~V > ty The final action consisted of plac ing the dynamite in proper position in the muck and setting it off. The explosive charge blasted all the soft matter out to the sides, permitting the heavier and more solid fill to settle rapidly into place. Sometimes the muskeg was not sufficiently liquid for the dynamite to displace it easily. In that eventwater was added to it. That was one of the most important reasons for determining beforehand by sound ing the quality of the soft matter. Despite the war, Canada is going ahead with her road building pro gram. And each year more and more tourists are succumbing to the allure of her natural beauty, as excellent highways open up to their view vir gin territory heretofore accessible only to the hunter, the trapper and the hardy wilderness traveler. Castle Mountain reaches heavenward on the Banff-Lake Louise Road. Indian legend says that when Chinook, pretty daughter of the South Wind, climbs down the turrets of this peak, green grass springs in her footsteps and spring is on the way. Photo courtesy Canadian Pacific Railway ETC 22828 Clifford E. Len ington joined the Ethyl family on November 4th in the capacity of Safety Engineer for theTulsa Divi sion. He is a grad uate of the Uni versity of Okla homa, with a de gree of engineer ing. For the past 6JS years he has been em ployed by the Phillips Petroleum Company. Clifford, who is married and has a threeyear-old child, will make his headquarters in Amarillo, Texas. e Charlottfe Austin Mills joined the Statisti cal Department in the Graybar Building on November 1st. She is a graduate of Cor nell University in the Class of 1936. She spent two years with the Caroegie-Illinois Steel Corporation in Chicago and two years with the Washbum-Crosby Com pany, also in Chicago. Janet Douglas Van Hom, who recent ly joined the Tulsa Division,is a grad uate of Tulsa Cen tral High School and attended Ok lahoma Univer sity. Janet came to us from the Stanolind Oil and Gas Com pany's head office in Tulsa where she had worked for two and a half years. She will devote considerable time to Safety Depart ment work. .#o The score at the Chuck Smith home be came one-all on November 1st with the ar rival of a daughter, Claire Eliot, weighing 7 pounds 12 ounces. The Christmas shop ping list now will include dolls and toys for a daughter, as well as horns and drums for their son, Mark Wilson, four years old. The Smiths, to whom we extend our congratu lations, live in Grosse Pointe, Michigan and Chuck is a member of our Detroit Division. .. Marceline Mar quis joined the Publicity Depart ment on Novem ber 1st. She was formerly with the Warren Petroleum Corporation in Tulsa, Oklahoma, as editor of their house organ, "The Natural Gasser," and secretary to the butane sales manager. Marceline was also on the staff of The Tul sa World in the oil department. She is a graduate of Tulsa University, having also attended Baylor University in Waco, Texas. NEWSBRIEFS/ Wewelcome tothe Ethyl family, Vera Mr. and Mrs. C. E. Colvin, Jr., are receiv ing congratulations on the birth of their second daughter, Sally Rene, who was bom at the New Rochelle Hospital, New Ro chelle, N. Y., on November 10th. This husky young lady weighed 7 pounds 11 ounces and it is reported that both Mrs. Colvin and baby are doing nicely. Chuck, who is a member of the Manufacturing Department (N. Y. Office) lost no timi in passing around cigars and candyQ, , ______ '\U V- Shirley Appleton M. Logan who be came a regular member of our or ganization on Oc tober 16th. While attending Bea- com's Business College in Wilmington, Dela ware, from which ? school she graduated in 1940, she carried off honors for her able assistance in the editing of the school paper. is a new member of the Kansas CityDivision office sec retarial staff. She is a graduate of the College of Commerce at Kan/sas City, Missouri. Shirley was pre viously with the Prudential Insur ance Company of America. Her hobbies are swimming and horseback riding. e o ft Northrop Clarey, Jr., of the Publicity De We take pleasure inpresentingElea- "1 nore R. Kauffman, who, like her friend and class mate, Vera Logan, recently joined the Deepwater Divi- "SJ? ' 1 sion of the Manu facturing Depart ment. Eleanore took an active part in dramatics while she was at school. partment, was married to Miss Joan de Glanville of Nassau, Bahamas on October Elwood K. Se- 28th at the home of the bride's parents, Mr. christ joined the and Mrs. Reginald de Glanville, Nassau. 1 Corporation as a The young couple are now living in Rye, tool maker in the New York. ,,,,. "i Aeronautical Re Everett Butterfield joined themachine shop staff at the Engineering Re search Laboratory in Detroit on Sep tember 16th. He was bom in Weld, Maine. He came to Detroit in 1921, working in the tool and die depart ments of Dodge Brothers, Packard Motor Car Co., and other industrial companies. Just before joining the Ethyl staff, Everett was with the Progressive Welder Co. search Laboratory at Detroit the lat ter part of August. He is a graduate of the Cass Tech nical High School where he studied electrical engineering. After completing his apprenticeship in the tool room at the Ford Motor Co., he enrolled in the Ford Engineering School for the four-year course and was graduated last January. Elwood was a body draftsman at the Ford plant until he joined the Ethyl staff. He makes his home in Detroit with his wife, two sons and a daughter. The Following Service Awards have been made as of December 1st, 1940 10 YEARS Charles Begeman Engineering, Detroit Joseph Weaver Engineering, Detroit 5 YEARS Richard M. Rice Engineering, San Bernardino Nettie Rose O'Neal joined the Atlanta Division as stenographer on October 21st. She was bom in Jackson, Georgia and received her edu cation at the schools there. At lanta has been her headquarters for the past five years during which time she attended Cox College. Later she took up stenography at the Georgia Evening Col lege and upon graduation secured a posi tion with Mather Brothers which she held for 3 years before joining Ethyl. ETHYL NEWS ETC 22829 -- and it was always said of him, that he knew how to keep Christmas well, if any man alive possessed the knowledge. May that be truly said of us, and all of us! And so, as Tiny Tim observed, God Bless Us, Every One! (Dicken's Christmas Carol)