Document Rdk6QaZvzV561vN8GNj8D2jV

as fs. ta :a s CD ta .I 6 . 1738 H *f0B 'B 0O ?r9 0 3 7~rr- 4. Air HygieneTounds tion of America, Inc., / r / ----4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., February 10, 1938 REFERENCES TO ItCEIT LITERATORS OF DUST DISEASES 1. Newe Items 98 HK7 ROCK DRILL DUST CONTROL. Eng. News Rec. 119, 1058-61 (Dec* 50, 1937). A group of contractors in the New York area, under the direction of a consulting mining engineer, have developed a dust control system involving wet drilling prin ciples. The system was designed to meet requirements of the New York State silioosia law calling for approved dust control methods on every rock drilling job in the State. The first unit has been put in operation on the Sixth Ave. subway. The equipment consists of6 wet drills and ventilating pipes, connected to a cen trifugal fern at a distance. Yiater is sprayed on the fan and the combined duet and water is forced at right angles into outlet pipes. The ventilating system has a oapacity of 10,000 cubic feet of air per minute. Impinger dust oounts under operating conditions ere usually under 5 million particles (under 10 microns) per cubic foot* The contractors point out objections to the dry drilling with local exhaust hoods and present several points of evidence against the existence of a pneumonia hatard in wet drilling. 99.7TET DRILLING FOP SILICOSIS CONTROL. Eng. News Rec. 120, 118 (Jan. 20, 1938). Thie note reports progress in the testing of the wet process drilling system just dMeribed. Tests were made at Totts Gap, Pa., the Letchworth Village site being wwuitable. Tests were made during June to November, 1937. On the basis of the results, the contractors, in cooperation with the Compressed Air Institute, sub mitted an applicstion for approval of wet drilling with ventilation, and the State proposed a code based on the application and tests. The code end suggested rules are now under consideration by a new advisory caasnittee, and if their report is favorable, the early approval of wet drilling with ventilation is expected as an accepted method of control under the Silicosis Act. 100 DEALING WITH VIOLATIONS OF THE "OREEK'S COMPENSATION LAW. Survey of Labor Law Admin. 8 (December 1937). Effective campaign against employers who flout or evade the law has been waged by the New York Labor Department with the cooperation of the Attorney General, ac cording to Industrial Commissioner E. F. Andrews. The principal type of evasion which arose during the depression was the "leasing" of chairs or space to workers or partnership or sub-contract agreements. The weapons used are first, education and then prosecution* Many employers, their organizations, unions, and banking and financial organizations have cooperated in the educational program. The law has also been violated by physicians in various respects, including solicitation, flagrant advertising, false testimony, padded medical bills, refusal to operate without written orders, and limitation or discontinuance of treatment for fear th( bill will not be paid. In handling these violations, the Labor Deper'toent has thsupport of the courts and of county medical societies* A oenmittee is now con sidering complaints against physicians as part of the larger problem of eatablish ing sound principles of medical practice for possible future amendments to the law. 03117815 HMB8-6007904 References to Reoent Literature - 2 101 PREPARING STATE INF*?.!-* TION TO' '."ORKERS. Survey of Labor Law Adr.in. 8 (Dec. 1537} The New York State Departeent of Labor has just issued a 32 page, vest pocket booklet concerning the State Unemployment Insurance Law, entitled "Information for Employees." It explains the procedures for filing applications for laws and for unemployment insurance benefits. To meet the public demand, 5 million oopies are being printed. 102 OCCUPATIONAL DISI/SE CONrENS.-TI'iN. Pittsburgh Med. Bull. 27, 71 (Jan. 22, 1938) and other sources. A new occupational disease compensation lsw went into effect January 1 in Pennsyl vania, the 21st State to adopt such legislation. The causes of compensable in dustrial disease are specifically listed. They includes poisoning from lead, mer cury, arsenic, manganese, phosphorus, methanol, carbon bisulfide, hydrocarbon dis tillates, halogenated hydrocarbons, benzol and its nitro, amido or amino deriva tives, radixm, x-ray, chronic acid end its salts; infection from tar, pitch, bi tumen, mineral oil, paraffin, oils, cutting compounds, lubricants, dust, liquids, fumes, gases, vapor end anthrax; and injury from asbestosis, silicosis or anthre.- ft cosis (miner's asthma) and caisson disease (compressed air illness). Silicosis, anthraoo-silicosis and asbestosis are not compensable for temporary or partial dir 0 ability; employers' liability may not exoeed |3,600 in any one case. These limits tions do not apply to the other industrial diseases named. The cost will bear mor heavily on the industries having the greatest industrial disease hazards. A recent survey of industrial disease hazards in Pennsylvania, tabulated and an alyzed by a *vpA project, involving a field survey of 16,000 industrial establish ments, indicates that the total number of employees exposed to industrial disease hazards was 672,010, of which 445,671 will be oovered by the new law. Copies of the Occupational Disease Compensation Law are obtainable from the Depar' ment of Labor and Industry at Harrisburg. 103 TRAINING PENNSYLVANIA FACTORY INSPECTORS. Survey of Labor Law Admin. 3, (Dec. '3' Certificates were reoently awarded to 90 Pennsylvania State factory inspectors whr had caapleted the training offered in three separate, 2 weeks' safety and health training courses. These 3 courses were aganized by the Pennsylvania Department of Labor and Industry in cooperation with the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh and Pennsylvania State College, assisted by members of the safety and health staff of the Division of Labor Standards. The schools supplied instruc tion and classroom and study facilities. The practical lectures on safety and health subjects were supplemented by inspection trips to a variety of industrial plants with satisfactory and with unsatisfactory conditions. These trips were fo* lowed by classroom discussion of the hazards observed, with proposed and accom plished methods for their correction. Daily examinations and a final 3 hour ex amination were given. Plans for continued training are being made, and special courses in safety promotion and safety organization are being considered for in spectors who have indicated ability for advanced work. Addressing the candidates for certificates. Secretary of Labor Perkins foreoast e new type of factory in spector who, through training, study and practical service, would elevate his pr fession to a high plane. 104 DRAFTING RULES FOR DUST AND FUME CONTROL. Survey of Labor Law Admin., 2 (Dec. 193' A committee has been appointed to assist the Massachusetts Department of Labor arIndustry in the preparation of rules and regulations for the eontrol of hazardous dusts and fumes in the manufacturing establishments of the State* This effort toward industrial dust control is a sequel to the investigation of the Massaehuse* Industrial Disease Commission of 1933-34 and to the findings of the granite dust control project, conducted during 1935 and 1936 by the Department's Division of Occupational Hygiene. 03117816 fi '0 ) <L References to Recent Literature - 3 105 NEBRASKA'S SAFETY CODE FOE TT-E CLEANING DYEII':- INDUSTRY. Surrey of Labor Uw Admin. 4 (Deo. 1937). Under the Nebraska lair empowering the creation of code commissions to provide pro tection to employees, the State labor department and the code conrcission for the industry have recently revised the cl.ening and dyeing code, the new rules to take effect April 1, 1538. 106 STATE-TIDE SAFETY CONFERENCE IN SOUTH CAROLINA. Survey of Labor Lew Admin. 14-5 (December 1937). The first South Carolina State-wide Safety Conference, sponsored by the State In dustrial Conmtission with the State Department of Labor cooperating, was held in Columbia, Nov. 19 and 20, with registrations exceeding 2,000.' Representatives of industry from all parts of the State participated in the genertl sessions and sectional meetings. A variety of safety devioes and accident prevention material was exhibited. The joint exhibit of the South Carolina and the U.S. Departments of Labor pointed out the possibilities through concentrated safety effort and the task ahead. 107 I. L. 0. BIBLIOGRAPHY ON INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. Reviewed in Survey of Labor Law Adm., 6 (Dec* 1937). Issued in September, this bibliography contains 50 pages of well-classified refer ences on industrial medicine, covering such topios as the medical inspection of factories, physiology, mental hygiene, the pathology of industries and processes, oauses of injury, infections, hygiene* first-aid legislation, social medicine nd social insurance statistics. Sample copies may be obtained from the Washington office of the Iaternetional Labor Office, 734 Jackson Place, N. VT. 2 fripera on Dust, Dust Diseases_and General Industrial Hygiene. 108 BUREAU OF MINES MIDGET IKFINGEH FOP. DUST SAMPLING. J.B.Littlefield, Florence L. Feicht and E.H.Schrenck. U.S.Bureau Mines, Rept. Investigations No* 3360. Free copies obtainable from Division of Information, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D.C. The chief disadvantages in the use of the regular impinger, especially in mines and other places accessible with difficulty are its bulk, weight, and power re quirements. It requires either a source of eleotricity or compressed air, which neeossitetes connections and extension of existing supply lines to each sampling point; the only alternative is the use of a relatively large pump hand-operated with considerable effort. To overcome these objections a midget sampler has been devised, which samples at about one-tenth the rate of the regular instrument, and is easily operated by a small, hend-crar.ked pump contained in the oarrying case. The entire outfit does not weight over 12 pounds. It can be operated in relatively confined places and with little physical effort. A 12-inch head of water is required for operation. The impinger tube and cylinder are similar in design to the regular instrument, but have a total height of about 5 inches. The tube may be provided with projections to ensure proper centering in the cylinder. The orifice is 1 m. in diameter. Midget impinger samples ere counted essen tially as are samples collected with the regular instrument. The procedure de scribed in United States Public Health Bulletin 217 is followed, except that al cohol (ethyl, normal propyl or isopropyl) is used as the collecting and diluting liquid. Tests on silica dust in various concentrations showed that the counts agree with those obtained with the regular instrument* Synthetic rubber (Neoprene) stopoers were found not to contaminate the sample, and are preferable black or gray rubber stoppers for that reason* (Announcement of the avail ability of this instrument from a manufacturer is expected in the near future.) 03117817 , HWBB-000790S .n 0 References to Recent Literature - 4 109 INVESTIGATION OF r-r C'lARACTERISTICS Of TML BAUSCH AND LOI-3 DUST COUNTER. $. Gurney, C.E.n'illians and R. ?. Jieigh, Engineering Lab*, Liberty Niutual Insurance Co., Boston, Hass. J. Ind. Hyg. 20, 24-35 (Jan. 1933) Reprints obtainable from Senior author. The Bausoh and Lomb dust counter is in principle an 'Owens jet counter with several features added, designed to make it a more jraetioal instrument for general field use. Its essential features are a pump, a moistening chamber, a circular glass slide, a microscope and a slit which was 6 x 0.1 am. in the original instrument. Dust particles adhere to the slide by means of water condensed on them, by pre liminary humidification as in the Owens instrument. The particles are counted under a darkfield magnification of 200. Various slit widths were tried in pre liminary experiments, but the 0.4 mm. width was seleoted as the best alternative to the original 0*1 mm. width. In the experiments, dust clouds of foundry dust, Manhattan schist, silica, tale and a mixture of zino and magnesium oxides were set up, and 5 sets of samples were taken during settling of the dust. Each set in cluded 1 impinger sample and 2 Bausch and Lamb samples, one with the 0.1 mm. slit and one with the 0*4 mm., all taken simultaneously. Two such series were made for each dust. Simultaneous samples of dust v.*ere also taken in several industrial establishments. The ratios of the counts with the Owens counter, with each slit, to that with the impinger, were found for each frest. Those ratios varied from 0.25 to 69 for the 0*1 zran. 6lit and from 0*18 to 50 (excluding uncountable samples for the 0*4 am* slit. The highest ratios were found in the mixed oxide dusts. The principal factor in variation of the ratio was the particle size, more of the finer particles being visible in the Bausch and Lomb field. V.'ith the 0*1 mm. slit a reasonable difference in velocity of the plunger made little difference in the oount, and a half stroke for heavy dusts, as provided for, was practicable; with the 0*4 mm. slit, on the other hand, the count was reduced 10 to 15# by a decrease of 50# in speed of the plunger, and a half stroke gave unreliable results. The results lead the authors to believe that the Bausoh and Lomb Counter fitted wv;h the 0*4 mm. orifice can be used as a relative measure of industrial dustiness for engineering or control purposes. However, no correlation figure appears possible for use in changing Bausoh end Lomb counts to equivalent impinger values under infvarying conditions of concentration, size range and ccriposition found in industry, although with the 0.4 mm. slit the correlation is better than with the 0*1 mm. orifioe. 110 THE BE/LiVIOR OF CERT-'. I" DUSTS UNDER HECEAKICAL IITINGEIENT. J.B.Ficklen and L.L. Goolder.. Science _85, 587-8 (June 18, 1937). No reprints. This brief parser reports a study of breakage of atmospheric particles in the proc ess of impingement on a glass plate, as in the Owens jet counter. The authors fir." thrt the ratio of smaller particles to perticles of the original size varies from 4.5 times to 100 times, according to the velocity of impingement, in the oasi of feldspar, and quartz similarly gives ratios of 3 times to 50 times. Dried spores of penoillium oxalicum show no particles smaller than the original. (The count of original particles wo.s evidently made by Ficklen's photographio method.) In all ceses of dry impingement a variable amount of scattering of particles out side the field of impingement was seen. In impingement on a wetted surface con siderable material below 0.5 micron was noted. The authors conclude that any es timate of particle size distribution in the sir frezn the particles resulting from impingement is erroneous. 111 MIHODS j? SAMPLING ..I'D DUST DETERUNATI.N IN THE NINES OF 0NT4RI0. Geo. II. C. Norman. Am. Inst. -in. Net. Engrs.', Tech. Pub. No. 857, 20 pp* (1937). The konir.eter, Greer.burg-Sm.ith impinger, thermal precipitator, Owens jet dust counter and filters as du6t samplers are compared. The steward procedure for konimeter sampling as used in Ontario is described in detail. 03117818 Hw6B-tM07906 CN 0 c ; References to Reoer.t Literature - 5 112 DUSTS THAT HARM. R.R.Sayers. Nat. Safety News 7, 51-2, 82-5'(J*r.# 1933). Although several extensive papers on effects of dust have been prefaced by a clas sification of dusts, the present paper deserves attention aa an interesting and logioal classification of dusts with regard to their effects. The two general classes are organic and inorganicj and organic dusts are divided into non-living and living. Non-living dusts are again classified as toxic and irritant, and allergic. Irritant dusts are those producing local effects, while toxic dusts are those oausing general or systemic symptoms, but a dust may be both toxic and irritant. The worst offenders in this class are paranitranlline, the dinitrobenzenes, chlorodinitrober.zenes, trinitrophencl and nitronaphthalene. Methyl violet often causes eye irritation, and some other dye dusts are also hazardous. Inhaled tobacco dust has a nicotine action on the organism 15 times greater than that produced by smoking the same tobacco# Picric aeid and other explosives, quinine, sugar and cereal dusts produce specific effects. Allergic dusts do not affect all workers, but have a decided effect on the skin or respiratory system oi those especially sensitive to them. Examples are pollen, fur, certain woods, and resins# Living dusts include bacteria and fungi, ana are of the same size range as other harmful industrial dusts. Examples of bacteria are those of anthrax and tetanus, but a variety of other diseases is similarly caused. Among fungus dusts are a mold affecting basket makers, and aspcrgillus, found in cotton mildew. In organic dusts may c toxic and irritant, fibrosis-producing or non-fibroris-producing. The toxic dusts include heavy mctal6, such as lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, tine and their compounds. Lime and other alkalies and diehromates arc ospecially irritating, and arsenic is an example of a dust that is both toxic and irritant, producing dermatitis and cancer as well as systemic effects. It is un necessary to go into detail about fibrosis-producing dusts, except to mention those such as marble dust, which produces a mild fibrosis. Those classed as nonfibrosis-producing and non-irritant ore not necessarily harmless, as when inhal^c. in high concentrations they may lead to bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. It is pointed out in the introduction to the classification, that the more soiu'i a dust is, the more harmful it is, other things being equal, although a rclati/.j.: insoluble dust such as silica may be decidedly injurious over a long period. 113 DUST CONTROL IN INE'JSTRY. J. D. Lcitch, L. B. Loppard and H. V. A, Briscoe. Natur (letters) 140, 772-3 '.Oct. 30, 1937). The first two authors criticize the suggestion of 3riscoe (our abstract 393, 1937 tvt the mixture of ether dusts might be used to minimise the effect of siliceous d-<- "s- The real way to prevent silicosis' is to remove dust from the breathed air e-'T.:r by dust suppression or by the use of respirators. In his reply, Briscoe ag.eis that dangerous dusts should be suppressed by all kr.ov.Ti means. He mainta_.es, however, that the most dangerous, i.c. the finest, fraction of dusts is thrno^t difficult to sr.rp'.ss, ar.d that therefore it is possible that good vcntilati and still more, the v.---;ring of masks, may give a false sense of security. 114 DUST CONTROL IN MINING OPERATIONS. J. T# McIntyre. J. Chcm. Min. & Met. Soc. 3c. Africa 33, 145-7 193?). (The paper is net giver, under the above title but rather as a contribution to the discussion of Briscoe's paper - our abstract 393, 1937). The author describes an ejector, operated by compressed air, with a rubber ring which fits over a drill shaft, which is used to exhaust the dusty air from a drill hole. A brief discus sion of methods and principles of wetting dusts follows# 03117819 HW6B-0007907 .< r References to Recent Literature - 6 115 SILICO-TUBERCULOSIS. D.M.Erumficl end L.'J.Gardner, Sc.rc.nec Laboratory, Serer.ee Lake, N.Y. Am Rev, Tubcrc. 3, 757-62 (Dee* 1337). Reprints ere probably avc.ilcfcle et the above address. The term "silioc-tubcrculosis" is used in the United Stetos to denote e chronic tuberculosis in silicotic lungs. The .some condition is celled tuberculosilicosis in South Africa, and tho other term applies there only to a tubcroulosis imposed on e generalized nodular silicosis. The disease differs from common tuborculcsis in the following respects: (l) it appears usually in the 5th or 6th decade of life; (2) there is c. strong tendency tovrard chronicity and a low grade of toxic ity, and (3) tuberelc bacilli arc difficult or impossible to demonstrate in tho sputum until very late in the course of the disease. Tho x-ray may show char acteristic patterns with no changes, and the person may remain apparently healthy for a long period. Eventually, however, an advance in tuberculosis will be seen. Advanced silico-tubcrculosis is not a superimposition of either disease on the other, but "appears more like a mixture of reactions to both tubercle bacilli and silica in the seme area. The rudiments of organizing tuberculosis granulation* tissue end a modified silicotic fibrosis, often not nodular in form, can be iden tified." Another form is a tuberculosis that develops on an existing silicosis without the symbiotic or pseudo-symbiotic silico-tubercular stage. Further clar ifying study should be made on these forms. TThen x-rays show characteristic shadows in silicotics, they should be watched carefully in spite of apparent good health. The ideal method would be the routine rest treatment at the first sign of progression, but as that is not practical for psychological reasons, probably the best plan is removal to very light work. 116 EMPHYSEMA AS A FACTOR IN THE DYSPNEA OF FNEUMOCONIOTIC COAL MINERS. S. Lyle Cummins. J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxicol. 20, 1-13 (Jan. 1938). The author believes that with the attention focused on the silicotic nodule, mottling seen in radiograms, and shortness of breath, found in silicosis, other symptoms, such as emphysema, have been insufficiently considered. It is well known that shortness of breath does not run parallel with mottling and nodulatioi in silicotic patients, and emphysema may be a factor in development of dyspnea, to a greater extent than has been suspected. The following types or stages of emphysema are described: (l) infundibular emphysema, the "sorbo" typej (2) lobular emphysema, the "honey oamb"type and (3) emphysematous blebs and bullae. Ir. the first two types, some connection with the outer air apparently remains, but in the blebs and bullae, it is completely shut off. Blebs are thin-walled bladder-like prominences found on the surface of the lung, but situated within the pleura, while bullae, of similar nature, are in the lung tissue itself. The present paper summarizes the observations of others on emphysema in its various stages, as found in pneumoconiotic miners, preliminary to a thorough experimental study. Emphysema may arise from other causes, such as asthma and bronchitis. It is found especially in young children and aged persons. The term "congenital" properly applies to the former, and the possibility is suggested th when emphysema results from pneumoconiosis, the varying resistance of individuals may not be due sc much to specific resistance to the effect of dusts as to vary ing susceptibility to emphysema. However, he finds a definite relation between dust accumulation ar.d emphysema, with the distinction that fibrosis occurs in the less active portions of the lungs, while emphysema is more frequent where the iu: have the best exercise. The loss of elasticity of the lungs is not due to chang-. in the fibers, but to their breaking and destruction, found to the greatest extei ir. the blebs ar.d bullae. The principal factor in the development of emphysema is probably overcompensaticn in increasing the amount of surface for air contact. YTrere miners live a long time with both emphysema and fibrosis, their sustaining factor is probably enlargement of the blood vessels, which is noticed in lungs so affected. Emphysema of a limited nature is also found with accumulations of dust apparently unconnected with silioosis. 03117820 HW8B-000/908 HW88-0007909 References to Recent Literature - 117 PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF ASBESTOSIS. W. di Biasi. Arch, f. Sewercepcthol. u. Gewerfcehyg. (German) _3, 139-55 (1937). The author presents an exhaustive description cf a fatal case cf asbestosis, with macroscopic and microscopic findings. A diffuse fibrosis was seen spreading from, the top toward the bottom. In asbestosis the x-ray indications are slight, with very noticeable lung symptoms, while the reverse conditions are true in silicosis, and the anatomical and histologioal findings in the two diseases differ through out. The conditions in asbestosis may be explained by the mechanical octicr. of the asbestos needles. Asbestosis cannot be used cs a succcrt for the existence of a silicatosis, 118 SEVERE PNEUMOCONIOSIS AND ITS RECOGNITION. V. Eeichmoan. Med. Welt (German) 11, 1516-22 (1937). -- The author considers simple silicosis to be "severe* only when the x-ray shows fitley and tumor-like shadows. Honeycomb patterns are signs of an earlier stage, whioh is followed by the nodule stage and finally the one first mentioned. De tails of the x-ray and clinical pictures are discussed, and the diagnostic value cf spirometry, electrocardiograms and sphygmogrems is emphasized. 119 SILICOSIS AM>NG IETAL KISERS IN VIESTERK AUSTRALIA. K.R.fcoore. Med. J. Australia 2, 764-5 (Oct. 30, 1937). Sihee 1925 pre-employment and annual radicgrcphic examinations of metal miners ha been compulsory in Western Australia, and new employees must be free of tubercu losis, industrial pulmonary disease and certain other conditions. At present 93.7# of the employees are normal, compared with 80# in 1925-6, and silicosis has fallen from 16.1# to 6#. The annual incidence of silicosis with tuberculosis anc tuberculosis clone has fallen from 3.5 to 0*2# and from 0.3 to 0.1# respectively Two forms of the ante-primary stage of silicosis have been found, characterized by fine and coarse mottling, respectively, with a ratio of 4:1. In advanced cas^ the frequency becomes abcut even, and in cases with tuberculosis the ratio of fine to coarse is 2:1. These findings led the author to believe that pure sil icosis presents the-fine mottling. Of a group of new employees studied over 1" years, 25# of all '.veriers and 40# of those employed underground showed progrescio to at loast the primary stage of silicosis, and 1.3# of the total developed tu berculosis, Of miners suffering ante-primary silicosis in 1925-6, over 25# de veloped silicosis within 10 years, and 4.2# silicosis with.tuberculosis. These results shew that although silicosis is still being contractc-d, a pronounced re duction has been brought about by the law. 120 EXHAUST EEQUIFEUENTS FOR FOUNDRY DUST CONTROL. John M. Kane, American Air Filtc. 7c., Louisville, Ky. Foundry 66, 30-2, 74 (Jar. 1938). Reprints or general in fer metier. obtainable from the author. This paper was prepared under the auspices of the Engineering committee of the Dust Control Equipment association, and the data presented are intended to be used only as a guide for average requirements, to be modified as particular con ditions require. The largest mount of exhaust air required for dust control will be applied tc the operations incidental to the shaking out cf the casting, ar.d the hooding or enclosing of th: t operation requires more careful study than ar.y other dust-producing process. An overhead hood is advisable where possible. Another solution involves side hoods, but they require larger air volumes. An air curtain system ccr.fir.es the dust with moderate air volumes more effectively tr.ar. side or downdraft hoods. Exhaust hoods should be provided at all transfer points, and sar.d screens should be enclosed where possible. Storage bins for same also require exhaust connections An enclosure should be provided at mi*er cr mullcrs. All the suggested types of equipment for dust control arc described ericfly, with tabulated scccifioatiors, and illustrated by diagrams. 03117821 HW6B-0007910 References to Recent Literature - 8 121 NEW COMPRESSED AIR FILTER. E. Smclczyk. Gasmr.skc 3>, 122-7 (1937) (German). This is an illustrated, description of the new Auer compressed air filter which removes oil fumes from the compressed air used in masks and helmets. It is adapted to pressures up to 8 atmospheres and can supply 120 liters (.4 pius cubic feet) of air per minute to 3 persons simultaneously. 122 IRAEC-ER FINE DUST FILTER PF 90. E. Noujcks. Draegerhcft, no. 192, 3647-51 (1937). (Gorman). The author describes the 'use of this filter for dust and metal fumes, introduced commercially seme time ago. Illustrations are included. 123 NOTES ON TEE CHOICE OF ROENTGENOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS. Charles Weyl, S. Reid Warren, Jr., and Dallctt B O'Neill, Moore School X-Ray Lab., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, ft.. Am. Rev. Tuberc. j37, 1-13 (Jan. 1938). Reprints obtainable at above address. A ocmpariscr. was made of the most important methods for the diagnosis of tuber culosis and pneumoconiosis, including? (l) stereoscopic postero-ar.tcrior, single postcroantoricr, oblique and lateral roentgenograms on films made with fullrectified roentgen ray apparatus with exposures of 0.1 second or less; (2) posteroantcrior roentgenograms on films made with portable self-rectified ap paratus, usually requiring exposure times of 0.25 second to 1.0 second; (3) posteroantcrior roentgenograms on paper, and (4) fluoroscopic examination. The following conclusions were obtained from the authors* observations: (l) fourvalve roentgenographic apparatus with suitable films and auxiliaries is nec essary to obtain chest roentgenograms of the highest quality; (2) portable ap paratus givos less sharp definition on account of chest motion during the longer exposure; (3) the fluoroscopc gives greatly inferior contrast and brightness cvr pared with that of film or paper roentgenograms; and (4) roentgenograms on pape; are technically inferior to those produced on film. The cost of the first type is about |3,50C> the second, $1,500; and the fluoroscopc, $1,200. A question naire was sent to a number of roentgenologists to determine the methods most satisfactorily used ir. routine work. Most of the replies indicated preference for the more thorough method of. stereoscopic roentgenograms in diagnosis of pneu mocor.iosis, although many considered the single exposure method sufficient for loss exacting purposes, such as the examination of sehool children. The use of paper did not find much support among those questioned. The Powers paper roll method is used much more than cut paper, and this suggests that a film roll metl is a possiblo improvement. Additional work and additional questions will be nec essary to solve the problems of the value of paper roentgenograms and possitila cf improvement of portable apparatus. 124 TEE TOXICITY OF SILICON. Carey P. McCord, William G. Frederick and Stanley Stol J. Lab. Clin. Med. 23_, 278-9 (Dec, 1937). The injurious properties of silica and some silicates arc well known, and orgar.i silicon compounds arc known to be toxic, but the question cf toxicity of elemen tary silicon has arisen. That point was tested by injecting silicon dust into animals, ir.trapcritor.eally, subcutaneously and intramuscularly, and evidence was sought fer immediate toxicity and fer known effects of dust. No toxic effect \vr fcur.d and the changes over long periods were those of dusts classified as inert. 125 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS TO TEE HEALTH CONGRESS AT BIRMINGHAM; SECTION OF HYGIENE. -a. E. Ccili: r. J. Roy. San. Inst. 58, 265-70. (Nov. 1937). This address r.s a plea for greater cooperation between science and industry for health promotion. Ir. the discussion, nr. industrial health service was suggested with health office-rs, welfare personnel, industrial nurses and factory inspector who wculd work ir. close cooperation with public health and SAhool modical servit 03117822 HWB8-0007911 References to Recent Literature - 9 126 EVALUATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL KYC-IENE PROBLEMS OF A STATE. J. J. Sloor.ficid ar.d Jir.ry F. Peyton# Public Heel th Bull. No. 236 (June, 1937), 126 pages. Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, T.'ashiagton, D. C. for 15 cents, cosh. This Bulletin reports the results of an extensive industric.l hvgicno survey cf the State of Maryland, to be used as the basis fer an industrial hygiene program. The survey comprises a study of industrial establishments employing 136,000 per sons as representative samples of the total of approximately 3 times that number, excluding occupations recognized as generally r.on-hazardous. Several bureaus of the State and Baltimore City Deportment of Health cooperated with the U.S,Public Eoalth Service in the survey. Numerous tables list the various hazards, classi fied according to industries and occupations. A ccmpleto summary cannot be pro vided in the space available, but the most important hazards with the estimate cf the total number of workers exposed in the State arc a6 follows * carbon monoxide, 41,000; organic dusts, 32,000; mctallio mineral dusts, 32,000; oils, 28,000; other substances capable of producing dermatitis, 24,000; silica dust, 8,000; and lead, 16,000. Detailed information on exposure to specific materials is r.ot presented in the report, but is available in the records of the State agencies 0 which cooperated. 127 THE PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF PHYSIOLOGY TO HYGIENE IN INDUSTRY. J. Roy. San. Inst. 5.6, 281-93 (Nov. 1937). Numerous examples of the application of the results of physiological research to ir.- -try are given, and it is shown that there is new available a mass of knowlec the proper use of which would have c beneficial effect on the health of industri: workers. The author emphasizes that the present need is not so much for new research as for the distribution of the rvailable knowledge and its application in industry. Before material progress car. be made in this direction it will be r.^'essary to create a (British) national industrial health service. Such a service would at least enable this generation to make use of work dono 20 or more years ago. ; 128 INTERNATIONAL U3CR OFFICE AND WORLD LEGISLATION ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASES. L. Carozzi. Presse med., 1227-8 (1937), (French). A short report on the work of that Office or. the theory, practice and teaching o: industrial hygiene and compensation for industrial disease. 129 HEALTH CF THE NATION'S WORKERS. Josephine Roche. Personnel J. 16, 159-64 (Nev. 1937). The author discusses the relationship between income a.nd disease, showing that t tuberculosis death rate is 7 times as high ir. unskilled workers as in profession al people ; the pneumonia rate is correspondingly times as high ar.d that from career 50^ higher* Infant mortality rates decrease almost in a straight line as income increases. 03117823 130 F..CTCF.IES ACT, 1937. (Great Britain). K.l*. Stationery Office. Copies of the 1: \ obtainable from British Library of Information, 270 Madison Ave., Mew York City. An extensive abstract of this law fills scvera.l pages of J. Ind. Hyg. <fe Toxicol. Fc:. 1535. A brief summary of the main features is presented here. In this act., recently passed by the British Parliament, the old distinctions between "fa.ctcri' ar.d "wer kshops" ar.d between "textile" and 'hon-textile" factories are abolished, ' r.d they are all to be known as "factories" and considered alike. The act con tains many new provisions "s to health, safety and welfare generally. The gen eral headings are health, safety, welfare, investigations of accidents and in dustrial diseases, employment of women and young persons, and duties of employed persons. Of particular interest to our group are the- requirements for the re moval of dust ar.d fumes, Exhaust appliances must be provided as near as pos sible to the source. No meals are to be eaten where dangerous dusts or fumes ar Hm8 6 - 0 w07912 References to Recont Literature - 10 given off* A formal investigation into any accident or or.se of disease con tracted or suspected to be contracted in c. factory r:.y be nr.de by order of the Secretary cf State* The examining surgeon must investigate and report on eases of death or injury caused by exposure in a factory to fumes, etc., or cases referred to him by the Factory Inspector. Safety provisions are specified for work in closed spaces which my contain dangerous fumes. All steps must be taker, to prevent explosion of inflartr.able dusts. Other provisions relate to cleanli ness, overcrowding, heating, ventilation, lighting, medical supervision, new machinery, vessels containing dangerous liquids, safe access to workplaces, fire escapes, drinking water, washing facilities, clothing accomodations, eye pro tection, lifting of excessive weights, and overtime. 131 THE SPOTLIGHT ON OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. J. 7.\ Randall. Safety Eng. 74, 75~7 (Oct.), 49-50 (Nov,), 45-52 (Tee. 1937). This is a general paper or. occupational diseases from tho insurance standpoint, including a brief history cf occupational disease legislation, definition of oc cupational disease, rnd compensation problems.. The definition of an occupntion:1 disease as *bnc arising freer, conditions that arc characteristic of and pccuiit: to the particular trade, process, occupation or employment" is stressed, as op posed to the definition assum-.d ir. "all-inclusive" coverage in favor in sene quarters. The problem of accrued liability for silicosis is also discussed, with reference to the North C-rolir.n law, which requiro s proof of 2 years' exposure t* silica dust in the state before compensation can bo awarded* That law also con tains a provision for an Advisory Medical Committee, which is urged as a noccsaa factor in proper compensation programs. Any legislation must be fair to employ er and employee; the "all-inclusive" plan cannot last. Labor will have to be convinced that the plan fin lly adopted is ret prejudicial to its interest. I." unusual cases of compensation suits arc described, which shov; the need of fa; compensation laws. The program, of the Travelers Insurance Co. (very similar -.< others) is described. It includes complete engineering surveys, recommendation of suitable changes in equipment, physical examinations, special precaution against industrial poisoning, and careful selection of personnel. 132 SILICOSIS COMPENSATION IN NEW YCP.K - AN APPALLING RECORD. An. Lab. Legis. Rev. 27, 149-51 (1937). ^his short article, written from the labor standpoint, contrasts the silicosis laws in New York and Wisconsin. Ir. the original New York law, protection wc.$ giver, to all victims of occupational diseases. A panic was thereby created amor, insurance companies, employers and ever, employees, leading to an amendment which drastically limits payments and makes no allowance for partial disability. In the first year, 6 victims were compensated at a total cost of $4,535. In Wis consin the original law still prevails, and although a high point of $429,000 ir benefits wa.s reached, the total compensation has since fallen to a reasonable figure and the worker is well protected. The author considers that in New York "the principle- cf compensation is violrtcd after depriving the worker of his right tc sue." POLLUTION 133AERCSOL3. DUST, SIX-EE, FOG.. CLOUDS AND AIR/A3 PROBLEMS RELATING SCIENCE, ECONOM ICS AID HEALTH. K.W.Lehs:. Car., Cfecm. & Met. 21_, 340-2 (Oct. 1937). Ar. aorocci is : system consisting of finely-divided matter - solid of fluid, dis persed or suspended in : gaseous medium. Studies of aerosols have been made along mr thematical, physical and engineering lines, but little has beer, learned a-.out their colloid chemistry. The present paper reviews some of the newer de velopments ir. the study cf aerosols, and omphasises their importance in the economics of o-ur daily activity. Reference is nede to the symposium of the Faraday Society in 1336, at which some papers were presented that have been abstracted in our Bulletins. Aerosols include dust clouds, smoke, fog, clouds 03117824 HMSS-6067913 References to Recent Literature - 11 and haze. Lusts consist of solid particles produced by disintegration or disper sion, and range down to 0.1 micron in size; smokes are produced by condensation, and range down from 1.0 micron. Clouds and fogs are formed by condensation of water on solid particles (nuctei). Near the coast the nuclei consist of salts from sea-water, and in industrial sections to some extent sulfuric acid and other acids. Industrial fogs may also be nen-aqueous, e.g. tar and oils. Instability is ar. essential feature of aerosols; they are eventually settled, dissolved or evaporated. The formula for rate of settling of dust cloud6 is given, with sizefrequencies of some cannon mineral dusts. Explosibility is a hazard in all ombustible dusts, and the eleotrical charge which they readily acquire may cause ex plosions v.lthcut the presence of flames. Several methods have been proposed for the dissipation of fogs, but have not been markedly successful. Aerosols may be coagulated by electrical precipitation, thermal precipitation, or supersonic wave or nay be removed by filtration. Only electrical precipitation and filtration are used at present on a commercial scale. The extent of atmospheric pollution in some British cities is given; in Liverpool, for instance, 683 tons of solids, including 6 tons of tar, were deposited per square mile per year. Air pollution is closely connected with fuel economy, as well as general health, instances of progress in elimination of air pollution are given. (3) ^pers on Industrial Poisons, Cancer, Dermatitis, etc. 134 TOXICITY OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIC SOLVENTS; SUMMARIES OF HJBLISHED WORK. E. Browning Ind. Health Research Board. 336 pages. H.M.Stationery Office, London, 1937. Obtainable frar. British Library of Information, 270 l&dison Ave., New York City. Price not given. The number of volatile substances in use, chiefly as solvents, is constantly in creasing, and little is known of the toxicity of many of them. The acute, eff-.'of same of the most widely used substances is teown, but their chronic toxic.i has not been investigated. As a first step in thorough study of these matcri-' authorized by the Medical Research Council, the author has made a survey of tlliterature on nearly 100 volatile substances, and the results are presented ithis paper. The following classes are treated in separate chapters* (l) hydro carbons; (2) chlero compounds; (3) alcdaols; (4) esters; (5) cyclohexane deriva tives; (6) ketones; (7) glycols ar.d their derivatives; and (8) a miscellaneous group, including carbon Jisulfide, pyridene, ethyl ether and isopropyl ether. The properties, uses anc toxic effects of each compound are listed, and the ap propriate references to the literature care at the end of each seetion. 135 DIAGNOSIS AMD THERAPY OF CHROMIC BENZENE POISONING. C-. Bormann. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. o_, 194-205 (1937) (German). In 6 injured workers in a photoengraving plant using a mixture of benzene, tolue and xylene, there was a decrease ir. blood ascorbic acid, and the author believe* that there is a relation between the ascorbic acid content and the extent of in jury. However, there was no decrease of vitamin C excretion. Administration of a vitamin complex improved the symptoms of benzene poisoning in one worker. Re sistance of rabbits tc benzene poisoning was increased by vitamin C. The author states in his introduction that no case is known which proved that expert and regular blood tests would not make it possible to prevent the development of severe symetoms. 03117825 HWBB-000791*i References to Reeer.t Literature - 12 136 CARBON DISU7NID' INJUT.Ilo IN OLIVE OIL :ANUF..C7JE E` ^NDALUSL.. J.O.Gallego. Arch. f. Gewerbepath u. Gewerbehyg. (German) S_, 124-38 (1937). Carbon disulfide is used in extracting oil from the residues of olive mills, and slight symptcr.a (dizziness, headache, feeling of oppression, intoxication and de crease of visual acuity) are occasionally found in workers. Ani al experiments gave similar effects. The frequent appearance of lymphocytosis is noticeable, both in men and in animals. 157 BANANA OIL OF. A!!YL ACET..TE. (Queries end minor notes) 109, 2159 (Dec. 25, 1937). A question was asked concerning the hazards of using banana oil in laoquers and spray painting. Banana oil is secondary or iso-amyl acetate and is generally used in combination with other solvents. In sufficiently high concentrations it 0 causes naroosis end death, and in smaller amounts it irritates the eyes and nasal mucosa. However, it is on the whole one of the safest of several lacquer solvent that have been studied. 0 138 EFFECT OF RADIUK AH) 2TVZE:Z ON THE BLOOD . I'D BLOOD FaHTTG ORGANS TIB SKJCIAL REFERENCE TO LEUCOCYTES. A. Feller. Strahlentherep. 60, 393-400 (1937)(German). The remarkable similarity of injuries to the blood-forming system from radium and from benzene led the author to compare the two by experiments on rats. Changes in total end differential leucocyte counts and histological findings were very similar, but regeneration developed much earlier after benzene poisoning than af. ter radium exposure. Small differences also, in the blood pictures suggest that the effects of the tiro kinds of injury have important differences. 1S9 THEAT122NT OF HYDROCYANIC ACID POIS i INC-. W. TTirth. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg. u. Unfa-! 14, 258-61 (Nov. 1937) (German). flEen hydrocyanic acid enters into the digestive tract, it can be treated with chemical antidotes'which eHfcer destroy or combine with it, forming less poison ous compounds. The best of such antidotes, administered intravenously, were found to be sodium thiosulfate, sodium tetrathlonate, sodium nitrate, dioxyaoe^c allfflline carbonate and bicarbonate. These substances are of little value in poisoning by inhalation, beoause fatal coneentrations are.reached befoie the r6m edy can be employed. In such cases, artificial respiration with pure oxygen is the best remedy. The addition of ?/ of oarbon dioxide gave about the same resui in the early stages only, and the mixture is not advised for first aid treatment Lobeline should be used to stimulate the respiratory centrum. 140 RJLilONARY TU1DRS IN NICE. IV. LUNG TUKORS INDUCED BY 1:2j5:6 DIBENZANTHRACENE IN DIFFERENT :EDIA AND BT ITS DIRECT CONTACT TIE LUNG TISSUES. H.B.Andervont, U.S.Pub. Health Reprts. 52, 1584-9 (Nov. 5, 1937). Obtainable from Supt. of Documents, 'Washington, D.C., 5 oents, oash* The 12*5*6 dibenzanthracene was injected subcutaneously into mioe in different media, including dispersion in horse serum, solution in lard, suspension in glycerin, and a solid solution in cholesterol. It was found that the horse senr dispersion induoed the most pulmonary growths. Lung tumors wore also induced in several strains of mice by inserting the substance directly into the lungs. 03117826 H U B B -aea79i5 References to Recent Literature - 13 141 DIBEHZAUTERACENE TTO0KS VS SCCE. B.S. Aadervont and Egon Lcrena. U. S. Pub. Health Repts* 52, 1931-40 (December 31, 1937.) Obtainable from Supt. of Documents Washington, D*C. for 5 oents, cash. It is known that I*2i6t6- dibensanthracene, injected subcutaneously, produces lun; tumors in susceptible strains of mioe. In the experiments reported, the dibensanthraoene was first bsorbed on specially prepared charcoal, which wax then in jected subcutaneously. Tumors were produced at the injection site, more fre quently than when the dibentanthracene was suspended in horse senna without char coal, but no lung tumors were found when charcoal was used* In a more resistant strain of mice, only a few tvcnors were caused by injection of the dibenxanthracene charcoal* '..'hen this treated charcoal was introduced intravenously into the latter strain of mioe, fewer lung tumors were induced than when the dibenzanthraoene suspended in serum was similarly Introduced* Thete experiments demonstrate that caroinogenic action of dibensanthracene can be localised by absorption on oharooal. 142 CAUSATIVE AffiNTS Aim PROTECTIVE MEASURES IK ANILIH TUH3R OF THE BLADDER. E.E. Evans. J. Urol. 38, 212-5 (Aug* 1937). The possible oauses of tumors in anllin workers are diecussed* Anil in alone has not been responsible for these tumors, but other substanoes such as alpha- and beta-naphthyl&mines, benzidene and other nitro and amino compounds are Imown to produce them* Proper methods of eontrol of fumes in the plant are important in the prevention of this ha sard* The importance of routine cystosoopie examinatiar in study and treatment is stressed* 143 ROUTE C1ST0SC0PIC EXAIlEATIOt: AS A CCKTROL IEASCRE IK ANILIN TUTORS OF THE ,,n BLADDER. E.D.Ti'olfe. J. Urol. 38, 216-20 (Aug. 1937). This paper stresses the neoessity of suoh examinations and of consideration of a' factors affeotlng the patients' mental end physical state in making case histori. The difficulties in correlating the findings Ty cystosoopie examination with th* report of tissue study are pointed out* 144 PATHOLOGY OF AMILHI TUMOR OF THE XADDER. D.M. Gay. J. Urol. 38, 221-51 (August 1937). The pathology of anilin tumors in their various stages is discussed, with a com parative analysis of ceses reported from different souroes. The lesion which the author feels to he the preeursor of the tumor is in the nature of a vascular in crease, known a$nspiddr vessels." 14? TEE TREATMENT OF AriLI!' TUTORS 0? TEE URINARY BLADDER. V.D.Washhorn. J. Urol. 38, 232-42 (Aug. 1937). The author reports successful treatment of 62^{ of 86 oases of anilin tumors, ly various methods, including fulguration, operation, the use of radon and x-ray, and combinations of methods. Routine cystosoopie examination is an important diagnostic procedure and has saved many lives. 146 CLiriC--L SIGNIFICANCE OF TEE AFILIi: TUTORS OF TE- BLADDER. R. S. Ferguson. J. Urol. 38, 243-50 (Aug. 1937). This is a review of the literature, with correlation of clinioal experience and observation with pathological findings. The author believes that the oaroinogenic substance is circulated by the blood to the bladder epithelium, and that the entire bladder, ir. oases of multiple papillomatosis, should be treated by divided doses of roentgen rays. He has found thet treatment successful in prac tice* 03117827 Hwti6-0007916 Referenoec to Reoent Literature - 14 147 EnERIiENTAL PRODUCTION OF BUSIER TUMORS IN DOGS BY ADMINISTRATION OF BETANAFHTHTLAHINE. W. C. Hueper, F.H.T.'iley and H.D.VTolfe, Haskell Lab. of Industrie Toxicology* Wilmington, De J. Ind. Hyg. & Toxiool. 20, 46*84 (Jan. 1938) Re* prints obtainable at above address. The paper is an extensive report of the first sucoessful attempt to produce anilin tumors" experimentally. Beta-naphthylamine was chosen for the experi ments because it is the one aromatic substanoe agreed to be definitely involved in the production of neoplasm end because it has been used in similar exper iments. Results are desoribed in detail, with many illustrations. By way of brief summary, it can be said that preneoplastic and neoplastio foundations (papillomas and caroincmas) were obtained in 13 out of 16 female dogs treated for a period of 20 to 26 months with suboutaneous injections and oral feeding of com mercial beta-naphthylamine The localisation of the tumors in the dependent parts of the bladder and the histologio findings support strongly the urogenous origin of "anilin' tumors." Other effeots of large doees are blood destruction and degenerative changes in the kidneys and liver* A careful study of effeots on the bleed was also made with the hope that changes might be found whioh would be correlated with tumor production, but no change was observed in the pH or in the blood content of glutathione, glucose, cholesterol, or phospholipid phos phorus. 148 KXPERIIENTAL INVESTIGATION ON T-E ETIOLOGY OF ANILIN TUMDRS. W.E.Heuper, FJL. Briggs and H.D.Wolfe. J. Ind. Syg. A Toxiool. 20, 85-91 (Jan. 1936). Reprints obtainable as in preoeding abstract. Various tests were made to determine whether there are chemospeoific inwmw re* actions in man, dogs, rats and rabbits exposed for occupational or experimental reasons to aromatic amines with suspected oaroinogenie properties. They includ ed serologic and anaphylaxis tests and active and passive skin sensitisations* No inssunologio response was obtained. Beta-naphthylamine hydroohloride did not develop bladder tumors in rabbits when injeeted peritoneally* 149 THE EFFECT OF BEIA-HAPHTHYLAHIEE ON TISSUE RESPIRATION. Frank H. Wiley. J. Ind. Hyg. A Toxiool. 20, 92-3 (Jan. 1936). Reprints obtainable as in preoeding ab stract. Sinoe it has been shown that malignant tissue differs from normal tissue in pro ducing more lactic acid than it can oxidise, the question has arisen whether the action of pure carcinogenic agents on the entyae systems of normal tissue might have a role in the development of the malignancies following the adminis tration of these materials. Such experiments were therefore made in connection with the investigations sunmarised in the preceding abstracts. In a brief paptr the author shows that the presence of beta-eaphthylamine in the media surround ing kidney and liver slices does not influence the oxygen consumption or respir atory quotients of these tissues in vitro. 150 ASTI-21. FOLL '.TNG PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO SULFUR DIOXIDE: REPORT OF A CASE. H.F. Dowling, led. Ann. Dist. Columbia 6, 229 (October 1937). A case is described in viich. asthma htet had been latent for 17 years was re activated by exposure to sulfur dioxide in the repair of re^igerators. 03117828 HW88-0007917 References to Reoent Literature - 15 151 HE1CRREAGES INTO THE FLOOR OF THE FOURTH VENTRICLE IN INTOXICATIONS .'.NT. INFLAK- 16.TI0N5 OF THE BR.-IN. 0.Berner. Virohowa Aroh. f. Path. Anat. 296, 636 (1936). ("German). " Hemorrhages In the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain were found in oaser .1 of aoute methyl aloohol intoxication, one of earbon monoxide poisoning and one of aoute polycanyelitis. The results appear to settle a controversy about the nature of these hemorrhages, which had been previously found only in eases of trauma, as the results Indicate th-'t the hemorrhages are due to diapedesis rather than trauma* 152 TISSUE IBELBOLISK UNDIR THE INFLUENCE OF CARBON JD1T0XIDE* H. Laser. Bloohem. J, 31, 1677-82 (Sept. 1937). 'five influence of carbon monoxide on the metabolism of a variety of tissues has been studied manometricelly. The respiration was the same in mixtures of oxygen and oerbon monoxide as in mixtures of oxygen and nitrogen. CD the other hand, replacement of nitrogen by earbon monoxide increases aeroMc glycolysis to the level of anaerobic Slyoolyaie, thus indicating a complete inhibition of the Pasteur effeot. This inhibition is partly or totally reversible under the in fluence of light; in other words, aeroMc glyoolysis decreases in light to its level under Iot oxygen pressure. 153 SENSITIVITY OF CARBON HONQHIDB DETECTION WITH THE DRAEGER CO. INDICATOR. Hetzel. Draegerhefte no. 192, 3644-7 (1937). (German.) The Drecger apparatus fear detecting traces of oarbon monoxide is small and reg isters the oarbon monoxide content of the air by means of a simple colorimetric method. It can be handled by an untrained person. By tests of its sensitivity with a more complicated indicator it was shwim that concentrations of 0*05# ca.bon monoxide by volume oan be detected by the oolor change. 186 TOLLING IN CLOSED SPACES. Menslage. Arbeitsaohutz, 188-91 (1937) (Gemmn). The author discusses the dangers inherent in welding operations in olosed spacn including explosions and poisoning by carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Suin. able instruments for detection of explosive gases are mentioned* The necessary preventive measures are fresh air apparatus end powerful ventilation, but not th use of oxygen, since it renders the gases more inflaamoble. 155 HAFCJULNESS OF TZ'. AIR AND THE EjL'TUL EF ICT OF 1DT0R TESTING ON TBS EARS OF "NORXE.RS. R. de Gculejac. Ann. d' hyg publ., 544-59 (1937). Tihen the testing of airplane motors is condos ted under a protective roof, carboi monoxide to the extent of 5.5 parts per io,000 has been found. In the open, only a trace occurs. The hazard any be eliminated by exhausting the gas at a distance. Another hazard ie defective hearing which may occur in a few years o: such work, from the continuous noise of the motors. The remedy is to wear pro tective apparatus or to work in a closed cabin to which the instruments are brought. 156 SURFACE A1"D DEEP CORNEAL INFLA^ATICN (DISC SHAPED) CAUSED BY HYDROGEN SULFIDE n: CAISSON vREHRS or THE NORTH SEA COAST. K. Hartmann. Klin. Monatabl. f. Augenheilk. (German) 99, 456-9 (1937). Caisson workers at a depth of 8-13 meters repeatedly suffered from eye inflam mation, most frequently at levels where hydrogen sulfide was escaping from the soil. The symptoms were the occurrence of very fine diffuse vesieles and spotte epithelial defects, which healed in a few days. Prolonged eye inflammations re sult from hydrogen sulfide concentrations of 0.01 to 0.02 mg. per liter. A re view of the literature is included. 03117829 HiffiB-8307918 References to Retent Literature - 16 15? SXmiUEXTS WITH KEN DRAEGER ALKALI CARTRIDGES. Fritz Bangert. Dxeger Soft* no. 192, 3652-4 (1937). (German). The cartridges ere used in the closed system type of gas mask where oxygen is supplied and oarbon dioxide is absorbed in as alkali -cartridge. Experiments to improve the alkali cartridge were direoted toward better absorption of oar bon dioxide, reduction of the heat produced, and avoiding liquefaction at high temperatures* Improvements have been obtained, but further work is neoessary before the new cartridge is put on the market. /rr\ 158 SPSCTHOANALYTICAL DETECTION OF METALS IK TISSUE. K. Schwariwaoher. Hien. klin* Wohsohr. 50, 1321-3 (1937). (Gernmn). The author describee briefly the basic teohnioal speotroanalytioal methods of researoh and their applloation in special fields of medical research* The work of Kloetermann on lead <r. d that of Qerlaoh on manganese and silicon are mentioned* 159 iflsw MATERIAL ON LEAD POISONING. K. Koetting. Aertjl* Saohverstand* - Ztg. 0 (German) 24-7-L (1937). This ii a Lrj.cf paper on the results of several new experiments in the field of lead poisoning, especially lead absorption, distribution, detection, ef fect on various organs and treatment* 10 CALCIUM THERAPY IN LEAD POISONING. E. Taeger* Klin. Wohnaohr. 16, HRS-5 (1937). (German). The author disagrees with the oaleium therapy advocated by Aub, Fairhall and others for depositing lead in the organism and believes that sudden changes in diet will mobilize rather than deposit the lead* In his own method, fur ther exposure is first prevented, and the treafecent is symptomatic at first* Sine# eaoh change of the mineral balance causes mobilization, the diet must be ohanged very gradually* Baeh change in aoidity must be offset by a more alkaline diet* After the first aoute symptoms have passed, the oaloium should be increased, first by gradually increasing amounts of milk, then by oaloium preparations* This treatment, oarefully conducted, induces lead exoretion rather than fixation* Only after a long time can the patient return to hit normal diet. 161 SEHBROTIC CONTRACTED KIDNEY AFTER ACUTE MERCURY POISONING. W. Kooh. Usd* Klin. (German) 33, 1559-63 (1937)* A worker died some time after an attack of mercury poisoning, but had not worked with mercury in the meantime. An autopsy disolosed a condition of the kidneys corresponding to neorotizing nephrosis. Widespread ealAreous and numerous other casts were present* The immediate o use of death was jaaomonia, but otherwise the only significant findings ore ir. the kidney changes* "Nephrotic contracted kidney" was evidently ihe proper teim to apply, although no similar vase due to mercury poisoning has been reported* 03117830 HB8B-0007919 References to Reoent Literature - 1? 162 HEALTH INJURIES FROM ORGANIC MERCURY COJTOUNDS. F. Koelsch. Arch. f. Gewerbepath. u. Gewerbehyg. ,113-6 (1937) (German). Mercury poisoning has been found in workers engaged in the production cf mercury compounds used increasingly as seed disinfectants. Local irritations of the skin and mucosa and general symptoms with speoial effect on the nervous system are fre quent. Improvement sets in only after a few months. 163 FKOSFKC.fttoirf* M. Courfeis-Suffit. Gar., des hop. 110, 1665-8 (1937). (French). Vhec the author was health supervisor in a government match factory a number of years ago, he sent back to work many persons excluded because of false diagnoses of phosphorisn, vhe real complaints being gum affections or general troubles. Long after whit* phosphorus had disappeared from match factories, many even welllmovm physician;. -iiagnosed phosphorism simply because the person had worked in a match f&ctc'v Much has been accomplished by health and dental supervision, even when phosphorus was an actual hazard. The author emphasizes the need of coopera tion between the physician and the technical director. 164 FATAL ARSINE POISONING IN GALVANIZING. F. X&nkele and K. Saar. Samn. v. Vergift. (German) 8, 185-8 (1937). One death and one illness resulting from experiments with a galvanic zinc bath were investigated and found to be due to arsine poisoning. The bath contained 1% arsenic, 'when zinc electrodes -'ere inserted, the nascent hydrogen acted as a reducing agent or. the arsenious compounds, producing arsine. About 40 mg. was thus produced in 5 minutes 165 INDUSTRIAL CADMIUM POISONING. C-. Par.cheri. Securitas 24, 61 (1937) (Italian.) Cadmium may be fhtal ever, in small doses. It causes powerful local irritation, tends to peralyze the central nervous system, and if inhaled, may lead to pneu monia. In the gastro-intestinal tract it has a violent emetic action and causes degeneration of the kidneys and liver and other chronic disturbances. Cadmium vapors car. also cause metal fume fever. 166 RADIATION CANCER I*r RADIOLOGISTS. A. Beelere. Strahlentherap. 60, S-15 (1937) (German). On the 'whole there is no relation between the severity of skir damage and the ap pearance or absence of cancer, which usually develops from, a local necrosis or a small wart. Before local treatment is tried, the lymph glands and bones must b examined for evidence of cancer. A radiologist now over 80 has had to have sev eral fingers amputated at various times. 167 EXPERIMENT ON 'OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA UNITM LUNG HETASTS2ES CAUSED BY RADIUM EMANATION. E. Heliner. Arch, f- kiln. Chir. 189, 706-6 (1937). (German). A rabbit irradiated monthly at the knee, outside and inside, with 45-90 mg. hr. cf radium, developed the first signs of tumor ir 2 years, and died later of lur.g metastases. 166 .AZARDS IN THE RADIUM AND :3S0TKCRIUM REFINING PLANT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSONI John Paul Morris. J# Ir.d. Hvg. k Toxicol. 20, 36-45 (Jan. 1938). This pler.t has been operating since 1530, and although the workers handled a reietiveiv large amount of radioactive materials, precautions taken by the work ers ar.d crotcotior. provided in the plant were such that only minor injuries, such as burns, occurred. X-ray films showed that workers were exposed to con siderable irradiation when working near high grade material. The films also showed that workers were exposed to greater gamma ray irradiation when working with mesothorium than when working with radium in the refining plant. Numerous 03117831 HWBB-0007920 References to Recent Literature - 18 tests for alpha particles in expired air were made on all workers. They showed that the active material in the body was of a transient nature. The ultimate effect of the alpha ray bombardment of the lung tissues presents a problem for future investigation. Another problem is that of personal susceptibility, variation in which was seen in the experiments. 169 INVESTIGATION 0? ECZEMA IK IIIDUSTRIAL DERMATOSES. G. i'iescher* Schweiz. Med. Wehr.schr. 7, 833-4 (1937). (German). The author and his oolleagues ha ve studied the question of disposition to ec zema and the esse of sensitization. Marked individual differences were found in threshold -iufts for many toxic substances. Some people neutralize alkali on the skin r?~y quickly, others very slowly. A delayed neutralization signifie greater ser.si-.-.--'.*.y, ard that state is found in persons wu.th industrial eczema. Such persons not be hired ir. industries where they will be exposed to alkalies and substances that produce eczema. A similar relation cannot be demonstrated for acids. 170 INDUSTRIAL INJURY TO SKIN FROM OILS. G. Hopf. Aertzl. Sachverstand. Ztg. 53, 229-41 (1937). (German) Skin injuries from many different oils are considered, with reports of experi ments on a number of the oils. Most cases of oil acne occur in the industries employing mineral oil, but vegetable oil often has similar effects. No bacteria of interest were found in cutting and boring oils, and patch and rubbing tests gi.ve negative results. Further investigations led to the conclusion that the cause of oil acne is to be found chiefly in certain hydrocarbons, especially in the viscous oils. .Often mechanical injury and irritation caused by the work process plays a part, since the disease appears to a greater extent in metal ir. dustries than in oil refineries. Persons vdth oily skin (seborrhea) apparently have a disposition to oil aone. Prevention, then, seems to involve personal hygiene, cleanliness, defatting the skin and avoidance of mechanical irritation 1he use of protective salves containing waxes gives a certain amount of pro tection. 171 SO-CALLED PHYSICAL ALLERGY AS AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE THAT SHOULD BE COMPENSAELr F* Luce. Arch, f- Gevrerbepathol* u. Gewerbehyg. 206-22 (1937). (German). The author reports a case of "heat allergy", in which various skin effects, wit}- weakness and rise cf temperature, were produced ir. s ceramic worker exposed to heat from an oven. The literature on "physical allergies" is discussed. 172 INDUSTRIAL SKIN DISEASES. A Sezary. Presse med., 1326-7 (1937). (French). The author classifies industrial skin diseases as these that appear without pre disposition and thosj that occur only with predisposition. Among the former are these caused by heat, cold, chemical irritants and bacteria; the latter in clude the remaining industrial eczemas. Neoplasms are not included in either category. 173 ECZEMATOUS SKIN DISEASES IN CALICO PRINTING AND EXPNRHEXTS ON AN INDUSTRIAL CROSS SECTION 171TH "FUNCTIONAL SKIN TESTS." 17. Eeince. Arch. f. Gewerbepathol. u. C-ewerbehyg. ., 156-S3 (1937) (German). This paper describes an investigation of 226 workers in a calico printing estab lishment using predominantly azo dyes. Eczema was found to various degrees ir. different departments. The fast red salts were four.c most harmful, and sodium ehremete caused some reeetiocs. The "skin function are of value, but an exhaustive history is necessary in doubtful cases. Signs of anilin poisoning may appear after a few hours* work vdth anilin tlaok. 03117832 Il^l (0)W(;j):ii.i[Jl|!))(:j);i(f ;i'i HWBB-0007921 c < I References to Recent Literature - 19 174 IMPORTANCE OF ANAMNESIS IN A LASTING CURB OF ECZEMA. L. Haueh, Med. Klin. 33 13Z1-4 (1937). (German). * The author reports a series of cases of allergic eczema, the causes of which were very difficult to determine. One was traced to a furniture polish, another to "transpulmin" and a third to a washing powder. 175 SPIROCHETAL JAUNDICE AS AN OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE. J.A.M.A. (Paris letter) 109, 1625-6 (Now. 27, 1937). ------ An abstract of a paper by Jambon on spirachaetosis icterohaemorrhagica in 23 miner None had been bitten by rats but frequently the men drank water from the mine gal leries and their food was often contaminated. 176 INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN INDUSTRY. YT. Schultz. Aertzl. Sachverstandl. * Ztg. 53, 257-61 (1937). (German). -- The author describes scsne industrial infeetions diseases in connection with German compensation laws. The eases cited occurred mostly in industrial nurses, but a case of anthrax in a tanner is also described. 177 PATHOGENESIS OF COAL MINERS' MYSTAGMUS. L. Rubiera and A.G.Miranda. Konatsbl. f. Augenheilk. 9_, 491-3 (1937). (German). The authors have found nystagmus prevailing especially where ventilation is poor. Their observations do not settle the question whether nystagmus is caused by gas from the coal, as Zeisf> believes, or whether it is the effect of decreased il lumination fror. the presence of dust. In either case, proper air renewal is important. 178 DISEASES OF THE MUSCLES, BONES AND JOINTS FROM Y.'ORK Vi'ITH COMPRESSED AIR TOOLS. H.B. de la Camp. L:ed. *7elt (German) ^11. 1348-51 (1937). This paper is a brief but comprehensive account of work with compressed air tools in mining, injuries caused by it, treatment and compensation. The author states that he has seen a progression of the disease after cessation of work. The com pensation ir. German cases has varied between 20 and 10 179 DISABILITY OF "YORKERS USING PNEUMATIC DRILLS. J. McLaren. Lancet 2, 1296-9 (Deo. 4, 1937). A condition of Raynaud's phenomenon was found in 3 groups of workers who had msed pneumatic machines of varying types for 2 jears or more. Machines having a period icity of 2,300 strokes a minute affected all the workers using them; other fre quencies caused fewer cases. Radiological examinations disclosed bone changes, especially "bone cysts" or areas of localized absorption of beon in the earpal and metacarpal bones. 180 SIGNIFICANCE OF FLUIDS AND CHLORIDE IN THE EFFICIENCY OF WORKERS IN HOT TRADES. G. Lehmann and a. Szakall. Arbeitsphysiol. 630-52 (1937) (German). Experiments were made with a young worker accustomed to hot work; ir. part of the experiments he was given all the liquids he could drink. Water consumption in creased ability, to the greatest degree at 36C. room temperature. At 46& the beneficial effect disappeared. Salt water had less effect than plain water. Liquid intake had no adverse effect on heart and circulation, up to 31C., but at higher temperatures only a part of the water is excreted, so that the excess causes an additional burden on the circulation. Dilution with salt water is less unfavorable than with plain water. Increase of sweating was parallel with in creased ability to work resulting from taking liquids. 03117833 HWBB-0007922 References to Reoent Literature - 20 181 CHLORIDE METABOLISM OF WORKERS IN HOT INDUSTRIES. G. Lehmann and A. Szakall. Arbeitsphysiol. , 653-77 (1937). (German)* Experiments similar to the preceding were made on a worker unaccustomed to heat, at a temperature of 37oc. In the training period# the increased ability to work eaused by dumping water or salt water was very slight. Rather, an adaptation to hot work in the nature of an alteration of the chloride metabolism was apparently taking place. Other experiments showed that a notable chloride depletion does not cause any decrease in ability; also the amount of sweat and of chloride exoreted is scarcely affected. However, the chloride depletion oauses a slight in jury to circulation, shown by an increase in tody temperature. In other experi ments it was found ciat the body supply of chloride seems less decisive than chloride balance, as far as the chloride excreted in sweat is concerned. 182 ADAPTATION TO HEAT IN INDUSTRY. C*. Lehmann and A* Szakall. Arbeitsphysiol. 9, 678-705 (1937) (German). Experiments were made on a young worker unaccustomed to heat. After a preparator- 0 training period he received only 4 grans of chloride daily. Several trials re peatedly gave similar results, including a general decline of health, increase in pulse rate, headaches and a feeling of weakness. After a gradual increase of salt he did good work on 10-11 g. of salt daily. The authors attribute this increase primarily to the effect cf training rather than to increased chloride intake. Additional experiments, together with those in the preceding papers, made it pos sible to separate the symptoms caused by heat training from those due to lack of chloride. Impoverishing the chloride concentration affects the muscles rather favorably and ir:vsases work capacity. In untrained persons, however, the fallin concentration of UN cod causes damage to the stimulating system of the heart, as well as severe gr--.n:i svmptoms. Drinking salt vjater is therefore recommended anmay prevent ser-o -r injuries when unexpectedly high performances of the nonadapted organic;* v- required. Salt has a good effect on any heart injury that appears. Salt ;:a ev :s not necessary in a training period. Drinks taken during work should be in small portions and the quantity taken should not exceed half oh amount of sweat lost. 183 VACCINES AGAINST Tb" COIIION COLD: ARE THEY CF VALUE IN INDUSTRIAL HEALTH PROGRAM? L. D. Bristol. An. J. Public Health 27, 987-90 -(Oct. 1937). Six groups of industrial verkers, totalling over 19,000, were treated with vac cines. The treatment was available over a number of years. There was little re duction in the incidence of colds, but their severity end duration v/ero reducedA program of prevention, especially among' those most susceptible, should be en couraged. 03117834