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Vo l u me el ev en Sept ember , 1941 n u mber f iv e Renowned Boys Town, Nebraska Features Pure White Lead Paint T is rare when it can be said that an I entire town and every building in it has been painted with pure white lead and oil. Such, however, is the case at Bovs Town. Nebraska, famous village created by Father Flanagan for homeless, abandoned boys. From dairy barns to apartment buildings and from dining hall to post office, all Boys Town building exteriors are painted in accordance with a long and successfully established pure white lead maintenance program. Interior of beautiful Dou-d Memorial Chapel is white lead tinted gray The durability of uhite lead keeps farm maintenance at a minimum at Hi>vs Totni terials to go into the Dowd Memorial and yet. at the same time, care had to be exercised to see that no unnecessary extravagance was committed. Pure white lead paint proved to be the per fect solution. It was desired that the walls of the Chapel be made as inconspicuous as possible. By using pure white lead and oil and tinting the paint to just the correct shade of neutral gray, the de sired effect was easily obtained. The last coat was stippled to give the im pression of a natural sand-finished wall but providing the advantages of a completelv washable white lead sur face. The painting of the beautiful Dow d Memorial Chapel as well as all the new and maintenance painting at the Flome during the last 15 years has been ably carried out by the G. A. Steinheimer Company, contracting painters of Omaha. Nebraska. Mr. Steinheimer established the G. A. Steinheimer Company 25 years ago and is a present member of the Na tional Executive Board of the Painting and Decorating Contractors of Amer ica. Boys Town specifies pure white lead paint year after year. The qualities of reliability and economy inherent in pure white lead paint are particularly complimentary to the aims of Father Flanagan's Home. Because Bovs Town is wholly supported b\ contributions from friends, economy is paramount. At the same time, it is equally impor tant that materials of proved worth and well established reliability be used. Pure w hite lead paint more than adequately fulfills these requirements. Large buyers of paint find in uhite lead a number of advantages in addi tion to the quality of the job it pro duces. Among these is the high de gree of standardization, simplifying the purchasing procedure yvith the full knowledge of obtaining a prod uct of uniform good quality . Like wise the number of items to be pur chased and stocked to satisfy all paint ing requirements is reduced when white lead is used. Because of the increasing number of applications for admission Father Flanagan received, it became neces sary for him to carry out a large ex pansion program at Boys Town. Four apartment buildings, a dining hall and an infirmary are among the new addi tions. Most highly praised of the new buildings is the magnificent Dowd Memorial Chapel. Leo A. Daly was the architect on this beautiful building as well as all the other buildings built in the last ten years. Although painted with white lead on the exterior, the chapel is, however, more noteworthy for the beautiful pure white lead dec oration of interior walls. Father Flanagan wanted only the best of ma- Aerial view of Boys Town showing the extensive plant developed through the initiative of Father Flanagan. Dormitories and class buildings alike are all painted inside and out with pure white lead [2] L IA25662 T I Commercial Standards for Calking Lead, This action by the Bureau of Stand ards and acceptance bv producers, dis Lead Pipe and Fittings tributors and users of lead products places one more stamp of approval on the principles embodied in the Stand HE United States Department of to suit the composite recommendations, the ards of the Lead Industries Associa t T Commerce, through the National recommended commercial standards for calking lead, lead pipe, and lead trap? and Bureau of Standards, recently anb ends were circulated on April 23, 1941, for nounced adoption of Commercialwritten acceptance. tion. promulgated several vears ago and. in the case of traps and bends, re vised as of January 1. 1941. It is Standards for calking lead, lead pipe, Since that time we have received signed further evidence of the great desira and lead traps and bends. These stand acceptance? from a number of producers, bility of using only products that come ards are designated CS94-41. CS95-41, distributors, and users, estimated to repre sent a satisfactory majority. up to some definite quality standard. ! and CS96-41. respectively, and became We are pleased, therefore, in the absence An easy way to be sure of getting lead effective June 25. 1941. They are iden of active opposition, to announce that the products which adhere to the L. I. A. tical in substance with the Lead Indus commercial standards, which are identified Standards I identical in substance with d tries Association Standards for the as Calking Lead. CS94-41, Lead Pipe, CS95- the new Commercial Standards ' is to f same products. A copy of the Bureau's 41. and Lead Traps and Bends, CS96-41, mav be considered effective from June 25, be sure that the Lead Industries' Seal n announcement follows: 1941. of Approval is stamped on them. \ r n l. C DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Bureau of Standards Wa s h in g t o n One mimeographed copy of each of the accepted standards is enclosed and, as soon as printed copies become available, we shall be pleased to forward one to each acceptor The Lead Industries Association will be glad to supply printed copies of the new Commercial Standards to June 10. 1941 of record. those interested as soon as they have To the Producers, Distributors, and Printed copies will be mailed to non been printed by the Government Print \ of Lead Product*. acceptors only on specific request. ing Office. We .n t l l ml .n : Following circulation of proposed drafts to leading distributor and user organizations for comment, and subsequent to adjustments Very truly vourr, Y. W. REYNOLDS 'Signed' Division of Trade Standards SPECIFY MATERIAL HE great durability of lead has T resulted in its use as the last rest ing place of many of the most famous characters of history. Thus the Black Prince. Richard II. Christopher Co lumbus. John Paul Jones .ire among those who were buried in lead caskets, and Richard Cceur de Lion's heart was for many years kept in a leaden casket at Rouen. Recently a new burial vault made of lead has been placed on the market. Not only does lead have the advantage of extreme durability and resistance to soil corrosion, but a lead vault mav easily be hermetically sealed, the ex clusion of air preserving the contents. Two types of this new vault are pro duced. One is made of 6-lb. sheet lead over a steel frame, with a steel top cov l ered with the same weight of lead. The i top fits into a lute and the vault is vacuum sealed by lead "burning" or welding. Another type of vault, lower in cost, is made of a 4-lb. sheet lead covering over a 2-in. dressed wood frame. The top likewise fits into a lute and is i sealed by "burning.'' These vaults are products of the l^ead Burial Vault Co. of Baltimore. Md. [3] LIA 25 66 3 The Austin - Lyman House, an excellent ex ample of the early American Georgian type built in 1782, owes its preservation largely to white lead paint Portsmouth's Heritage Safe with White Lead THE three Portsmouth. N.H., homes The present owners of the Samuel Langdon which were shown in the fifth of house erected in 1794 this series of white-lead-painted Amercontinue to protect this ican Landmarks were scarcely suffi valuable landmark with while lead paint cient to represent the many beautiful old homes to be found there. We, PHOTOS BY DAYTON SNYDER therefore, have chosen three more ex ceptionally fine Portsmouth land marks for presentation in this month's Portfolio. In Portsmouth, as in few other American cities, one may find whole districts where 150 year old dromes stand in their original groupings. and where the general aspect remains the The Colonel IThippie House, long considered one of the finest in Portsmouth, is being preserved for the future with white lead paint I same as it did during the Revolution ary War. There is good reason for this fact. The expansion of Portsmouth was rapid during the height of the clipper ship era. As this shipping declined during the beginning of the nineteenth century. Portsmouth's rate of expansion declined with it. Thus. With many of them protected for near placing of old buildings by new ones, many streets in the old section of Portsmouth are practically as they were in 1800. Not only the aspect of these old landmarks, but also their exterior de tail remains little changed by time. With many of them protected for near ly two centuries with pure white lead paint, these magnificent early Amer ican landmarks are in excellent con dition today. There is little reason to doubt that they will remain for as many centuries to come, protected as they are now with white lead and oil. THIS IS NO. 9 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MANY AMERICAN LANDMARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY I THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE WITH PURE WHITE LEAD AND OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. [4] LIA25664 Hamilton, Ohio, Specifies Lead for Paint and Water Distribution OW celebrating the sesquicenten- The Municipal Water N Works features white nial of its founding in 1791, lead paint, rand the the citv of Hamilton. Ohio, may weWllater Department uses be proud of its reputation as one of the best governed cities in the state of Seal oj Approval lead services and polking lead exclusively Ohio. Operating under a city council- city- manager form of government. Hamilton has reached a high degree specification of white lead has greatly of efficiency in municipal purchasing increased economy and efficiency in bv standardizing on recognized and paint buying and has given results in time-tried materials. The use of pure service unequalled by any other ma white lead paint for city ow'ned build terial. ings as well as the use of lead water In a recent interview, Joseph B. services and lead calked cast-iron wa Hart. Superintendent of Water and ter mains is the standard practice of Gas Distribution for the city of Hamil the citv of Hamilton and has material- ton, said that the city had made it a New Municipal Building is styled throughout with pure white lead and oil standard practice to use lead water services and lead calked cast-iron mains since the establishment of the Water Department in 1884. The re liability and long life of lead water services and of lead calked joints has long been established by the hundreds of cities throughout the countrv that have followed this practice for many years with outstanding success. In a recent issue of LEAD it was revealed that the largest city in the world. New York, has relied almost whollv on these applications of lead for more than a century. I See LEAD. July. 1941). All lead pipe and calking lead used by the city of Hamilton water department bears the Seal of Approval of the Lead Industries Association. In Hamilton, as in many other cities striving for efficient government, everv effort is being made to purchase ma terials which will supply the utmost in economical service and long life. Lead products with their long record of efficient and economical service and their high degree of standardization have been recognized for years as the answer to manv of the problems facing the municipal purchasing agent. ly aided the cause of efficient municipal government. William J. Welsh. Purchasing Agent for the city of Hamilton, reports that pure white lead paint has proved highly satisfactory for the protection and decoration of both exteriors and interiors of city owned buildings. The new municipal building and the new water works, both completed and ded icated in 1935. as well as seven fire stations and other city buildings, are all decorated on interiors with pleas ing shades of long lasting pure white lead paint. In a like manner, exteriors are protected with durable white lead and oil. According to Mr. Welsh, the First Ward Fire Station protected inside and out with white lead [5] L1425665 Lead Vents ire Just as Important as Lead Wastes in Plumbing HERE is an all too common ten both wastes and vents of durable, non Tdency to regard vent pipes as less clogging lead. Two examples of good important and less apt to deterioratepractice in this respect are shown. than soil and waste pipes. \ et exper One is in the new Nurses' Home at ience has proved that to get an instal Deaconess Hospital. St. Louis. Mo. lation that will be permanently sani The other is just across the river in a tary the same durable materials should doctor's new residence in Hill Top. an he used for vents as for waste pipe. East St. Louis. 111., subdivision. In As a matter of fact the attack on vents the former, four roils of 11.,-in. XL is often more severe than on wastes and thev are frequentlv found to cor rode through more rapidly. Corroded vent pipes permit escape of noxious gases resulting in unsanitary condi tions. Vents partlv clogged bv rust do not function properly and may lead to siphoning of traps. Also rust in a vertical vent may become dislodged Lead stub.-, wiped up in the shop, awaiting instal lation in the Curses' Home, Deaconess Hospi tal. St. Louis, Mo. ' s.< l and fall to the bottom, either com pletely clogging a horizontal vent or P, D. HAMPSON ' ** the waste pipe to which it is attached. One particularly bad feature of short-lived vents is that their failure may not be promptly discovered, al (D! weight lead pipe were used for lowing unsanitary conditions to exist waste and vent connections on each for some time. When a waste pipe floor. In addition 4-in. lead was used fails, the failure usually makes itself for closet connections, and 4-lb. sheet apparent in a relatively short time lead for 24 shower pans and for all either through appearance of a leak stack flashings. There are 350 plumb or because waste water does not run ing fixtures in all. Likewise the chem promptly away from a fixture. These ical laboratory in the building has 20 recognizable signs of failure do not chemical sinks, each with a li/o-in. show up a vent not functioning. lead trap. Branch wastes and vents in Therefore it is wise to construct the laboratory are li/k-in. M (Bl weight lead and the main waste line StMOr is 2-in. lead. Gray and Pauley are SPECIFY MATERIAL architects, Woerman Co., general con tractor. and Mid-City Plumbing & En gineering Co., plumbing contractor. All are located in St. Louis. Mo. In the East St. Louis residence it can likewise be seen that lead is used for both wastes and vents, thus pre cluding the possibility of early failure from either source. The architect is F. H. Peiper of Overland. Mo., the general contractor is Loren M. Krause of East St. Louis, and 0 Flahertv Plumbing Co. of East St. Louis is the plumbing contractor. SPECIFY LEAD INDUSTRIES' MATERIAL LIA25666 \ Brick, Stucco, anil Cement surface dusting and unsightlv efflor accumulated stains being gradually escence. while moisture expansion THE widening recognition of paint upon freezing may well result in ser as an economical solution to ious crumbling and consequent repair modernization as well as styling proba nd maintenance problems. Correctly lems is no where better evidenced than formulated paint proves the answer in the increasing demand for fresh all around bv sealing the surface and decorative treatments on brick, stucco thus eliminating the cause for disin and cement siding areas. This trend is tegration and staining. a direct reflection of the popularity achieved by paint styling in recent Beware Destructive Alkalis vears which has made home owners unwilling to endure the monotony of single siding treatment while neigh boring houses are modernized or freshened-up periodically by simply taking advantage of the limitless dec orative combinations possible with paint. Although by lucky chance paint may give satisfactory service without investigation as to the condition of brick, stucco and concrete at the time of application, surface preparation plays an important part in producing styling of satisfactory durability. Ex ceptionally porous materials must be Paint Styling thoroughly dried nut to assure the firm adhesion of even pure white lead and The desire for styling variations is oil. w hile the presence of active alka further augmented by the spreading lis. commonly found in cement, must realization that every home regardless be checked and corrected before apply of size. cost, materials or location can ing the priming coat. Soluble alkalis he made distinctive at low cost with are most destructive to an oil paint hut a couple of coats of paint. The film, so all construction materials con washed away by the rain. However, if efflorescence is evident at the time of painting, it is essential that all the stains be removed bv vigorous wirebrushing to assure a firm foundation for the priming coat. In painting previously decorated brick as well as other surfaces featur ing cement base materials, great care should be exercised to ascertain the composition of the coating previously applied. Naturally, if the original coating is found to be an oil paint still in good condition, repainting may proceed without further ado. How ever. should the original coating be the once popular whitewash or a cold water treatment, complete removal is obligatory, as these comparatively temporary coatings would form an in secure foundation for paint topcoats to follow. In the latter case, the pro cedure is as for new work, three coats being applied, while on actual repaint jobs two coats suffice in the vast major ity of rases. consequent demand for appropriate taining cement should be allowed to treatment is not only having a para weather for several months before Paint Selection Important mount influence on the sale of new- painting in order to bring about their The selection of paint for styling housing. but is also creating problems neutralization by the carbon dioxide on brick, stucco and concrete calls for for the architect and builder whose in the air. However, if a weathering care and experience, because these responsibility it now becomes with period is not convenient, neutraliza "difficult" surfaces require paint of increasing frequency to specify paint tion is readily accomplished artificial unusual formulation. As a result, the for comparatively unfamiliar sur ly- by washing the affected areas with paint should be hand mixed from the faces. In other words, while the selec a solution of two pounds of zinc sul paste pigment and pure vehicle ingre tion and formulation of paint for clap fate in a gallon of water. After this dients to obtain a suitable product. boards and shingles which are in wash has dried out thoroughly, paint The porosity of the surfaces is such variably painted for decoration and may be applied with security as to the that the priming coat must be special protection has long been pretty well results. ly prepared to meet the requirements standardized, "difficult" surfaces such as brick, concrete and stucco never Remove Efflorescence of the type of surface in question, while only by actually mixing all the have received as much emphasis in The development of a whitish crust paint on the job is there security as painting circles. or stain on concrete and stucco--like to the quality of the ingredients and Although decoration is generally that familiarly found on masonry sur assurance that the several coats will the motivating reason for painting a faces--is nothing but soluble alkaline produce the balanced coating essen house, equally important is the pre salts which have seeped out due to the tial for durability. Consequently, to vention of moisture absorption by presence of moisture in the wall or be on the safe side, it has become the such highly porous surfaces as mason siding and precipitated due to evapor standard procedure to specify pure ry and other cement mix materials. ation. This extrusion will eventually white lead paint to be mixed on the Frequent saturation is conducive to cease as w-eathering progresses, the job assuring the latitude in formula- [7] LIA2 566 7 EB tion necessary to meet all contingen cies. Proper Formulation For the priming coat on common brick the concensus of expert opinion calls for 3 parts (by volume I soft paste white lead. 5 parts pure rawlinseed oil to one part gum spirits of turpentine. The high oil content of this primer satisfies surface porosity, preventing the absorption of oil from the topcoats to follow. When this initial coating is followed by a bodycoat of 3 parts soft paste white lead. 3 parts linseed oil and 1 part turpen tine a firm foundation is established for whatever finish is desired. Because pressed face and de-aired brick are less absorbent than what is known as common variety, less linseed oil is required in the priming and body coats for these more easily satis fied types. Generally one part less lin seed oil in each case produces a satis factory mixture. On the other hand. for concrete and stucco apply a prim ing coat of 3 parts soft paste white lead and 5 parts of an equal mixture of raw linseed oil and lead reducing oil or lead mixing oil. For the second or bodv coat equal parts of the soft paste white lead and lead reducing oil or lead mixing oil proves most effec tive. Whether the siding be brick, con crete or stucco, the same formulas suffice for a flat or glossy finish. To produce the former, apply a single coat of equal parts, (by volume), soft paste white lead and lead mixing or lead reducing oil. while for a glossycoating merely substitute raw linseed oil for the flatting vehicle. Tint Undercoats A "trick of the trade'' which has proved most effective in color styling --particularly on brick--is to tint each undercoat slightly darker than the topcoat to follow. This increases the apparent color retention as well as the opacity of the finish. Any of the lighter shades now popular for siding decoration are readily produced by simply adding colors-in-oil to the white paint mixture. With the use of raw linseed oil the addition of at least 14 pint of drier per gallon is essential to expedite the firm setting-up of the paint film. How ever. under climatic conditions par ticularly unfavorable for the oxida tion--the drying--of paint, as much as a quart of liquid drier has been added per gallon without adverse!v affecting the durabilitv of pure white lead paint. On the other hand, with the use of lead mixing oil or lead re ducing oil no drier is required. Thus the complex problem of paint ing various surfaces other than wood is easily solved by the use of one standard painting material -- pure white lead -- simplifying procedure and assuring uniform quality at all times. The following articles and reprints contain information, drawings and specifications on the use of lead products helpful to architects, engineers and others in the construction industry. They are available, free of charge, upon request to the Lead Industries Association, 420 Lexington Avenue, New York City. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM WHITE LEAD PAINT -- An attractive 28-page booklet with charts, formulas, and mix ing instructions covering some of the problems of painting and how white lead meets these problems. PAINTING YOUR HOME by Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Products Laboratory, Madison, Wise. A discussion of house painting reprinted from American For ests, May, 1939. * SOME PAINTING PROBLEMS AND THE ANSWERS By Dr. F. L. Browne, Senior Chemist, Forests Prod ucts Laboratory, Madison, Wise. Reprinted from the National Real Estate Journal, Sept., 1939. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing, white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle details and installation methods. Reprinted from the American Builder, July, 1939 SHEET LEAD INSTALLATION DETAILS A detailed analysis of the principles and application of lead flashing and sheet lead work for small homes. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker, June, 1939. BRUSH UP ON YOUR PAINTING A practical article on the selection and application of paint reprinted from House Beautiful, June, 1941. LASTING LEADWORK IN MODERN PLUMBING By T. N. Thompson, Technical Editor, Plumbing and Heating Journal. Reprinted from Plumbing and Heating Journal, Feb., 1939. HOW LUMBER AND PAINT KEEP YOUR HOME ALWAYS IN STYLE A brief digest of the advantages of painted lumber homes with color-styling suggestions and other interesting information. LEAD CHIMNEY CAPS Notes on the installation and advantages of lead chimney-cap protection, reprinted from American Artisan, May, 1940. NEW SIMPLIFIED STANDARD FOR LEAD TRAPS AND BENDS File size leaflet with new standards for lead traps and bends as well as existing standards for lead pipe and calking lead, and other informative data. UPON REQUEST, THE LEAP INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE, TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION, IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS 155 PRINTED 7X U. S. A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NEW YORK CITY L I A? 566