Document Raok571wgBG18Qq9eOdG9ONB8

AR226-3339 --------------------^^ Roy S Thompson (AstraZeaeca, Brixham, UK) Haria Colombo Watze de Wolf (Seh'ay Sotexis, BaHate, Stely) (OuPoBt, Mechelt'n, Belgiaaa) David G Fanrar Robert A Hoke Jacques L'Haridon (laeos C&ior; Ruacorn, UK) (DaPont, Newarfe, BE, USA) (CST, Evreux, Fraace) for. APME (Associatioa of Plastics Miaa&G&H'era m iaa'Ojps) Ad-Hoc APSO Bavis-oafflaste! WoAiag GKS^ * Background 8 Physico-chemical properties ofAPFO 9 Acute toxicity * Chronic toxicity 9 Risk assessment 9 Potential role of ammonium ion in APFO toxicity 9 Conclusions 9 Acknowledgements  Most commonly used salt ofperfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) Essential processing aid in fluoropolymer and fluoroelastomer production (e.g. PTFE) and application (e.g. non-stick cookware) Existing data on aquatic toxicity, but with various test substance formulations, purity etc. and of variable quality - Variability in toxicity values Need for complete and uniform set of data to current regulatory guidelines and to Good Laboratory Practice For this work: 99.7% Purity; 78% nonaal-chain: 12% branched C./^rr"03.C.^sF""2.Cj^rF"1 g.^CF1""F1 2.^Cy^F2^.sCTMF' 2/".tC?"0F2^,/jC^^(^0f'")^0'"'^N. u1-1s 4^ (CAS No: 3825-26-1) HzO Solubility: 3400 ffig/l^ (Fully ionised in water at environmental pH) Log Kow: Utecertaia (Mrfa-etaas) LogKoc: 9 BioconciL factor (BCF): 1.7-2.4^ 4 (Raiaabow iroutp3 l-M (Fatesid aaaiaow)^1 ;) j USEPA (2002) [2] Dekieva et a! (2003) (3) Mitrtin ei al (2iW) s.. ]. A iP M E Fish (Owwhyfschus (OECD 203) - 96hrLC50: 710mg/l (nominal) (No effect at 500 mg/1; 100% mortality at 1000 mg/1) Crustacea (OECD 202) - 48hrEC50: 480 mg/1 (nominal) (24 hr EC50 600 mg/1; No effect at 320 mg/1; 100% effect at 1000 mg/1) Algae (OECD 201) - 72&96hrE^C50: >400mgA (72 & 96 hr E(,C (biomass) also > 400 mg/1) (measured) A.rPME t? 2 lday Growfhi & Repiwiuction (OECD 211 - semi-static) No effect on mortality at highest concn: 89 mg/1 Length of parents at 21days, NOEC = 44 mg/1 Reproduction: NOEC = 20 mg/1 (mean measured) EIEaarrllyy Life test (85 diays) (OoiEBCCD 210 -- CCoonntitninuuoouus flow) ' No significant effect on suurrvwivval, lengsthA or weight of the fish at highest concentration tested NOOEECC== 40 mg/1 (mean mmeeaasswureedd) --I 335D : ^--i--t--f--i--i S15 8^ H 20 1(1 5 s Control 2.2 4.5 11 21 40 APFO Concn. (mgfl) 1000 ^ - + - W 11'800 g S0 ^ 400 m d> E 0 Control 2.2 4.5 11 21 4 0 APFO Concn. (mg/1)  Chronic NOECs for 3 trophic levels Fish 50 mg/1 Crustacea 20 mg/1 Algae 12.5 mg/1 Assessment (safety) factor: 10 (EU Technical! Gaidance Dsc) Therefore: PNEC = 1.25 mg/1 Predicted No Effect Conefetttratium Few data on environmental concns (EC) : Generally < LOD Lake Ontario: ca. 10'6 mg/1 (PFOA) (Seett et ass,zees) Local to manufacture: < 10"3 mg/1 (PFOA) (USEPA, 2002) (P)EC/PNECs < 10-3 = Very Low Risk to Aquatic Organisms APFO dissociates in water yielding Nt^ pH-dependent dissociation yielding NH3 (Free Ammonia) Free ammonia ca. 100 times more toxic than ionised  Calculate free ammonia concn from EC/LC50 and test pH Species Oncorynchus mylass Pimephales promelas Daphnia magna Daphnia magna LC50 (mg APFO/1) 710 300 480 240 mgNKj-N/l 0.38 0.3 0.47 0.61 Ref This study US EPA (2002) This study US EPA (2002) Free ammonia EC/LC50: Oncwyynchus mylass Daphnia magma 0.16-1.1 0.53-4.9 mgNHa- (USEPA>1984) A.J APFO shows relatively low acute & chronic aquatic toxicity (Lowest NOEC = 12.5 mg/1) Based on available data, concentrations (PFOA) occurring in the aquatic environment are orders of magnitude below the PNEC, indicating negligible risk The ammonium content of APFO may contribute to the acute (and possiby chronic) aquatic toxicity, and may explain some of me apparent variability in the historical data. / Acute &. Cta&Bsie Aaiaafie Texidty ef APFO \ Studies conducted by: eqses L'tiandoa & ste (Crf, E'/ISBX,, F'fisaee) Work sponsored by: w ArFO Mwa(ataiaiai Woaoag '