Document RaQz9M56qRn9qZ6wXyVJ50Qxv

A-OR-T (8-52) f o n use or e r ni o r r r n o m GENERALO) ELECTRIC TE C H N IC A L INFORM ATION SERIES TM Ptf* AUTHOR SUBJECT CLASSIFICATION A.L. Bridgmax 1 1 2 Pyranol Bibliography NO. 56TP423 DATE 3-27-56 Tl LCThe Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components Bibliography and Review ABSTRACT A list of 43 published references on the physiological hazards of Pyranol components is presented. A brief review of the information gathered from these references is reported. G.E. CLASS III GOV CLASS CONCLUSION REPRODUCIBLE COPY PILED fTECHNICAL DOCUMENTS Pittsfield Data Bureau NO. PAGES GENP 002366 y eatBac cat ttoa rwtn)i iW fa*la*uamatLOamtoacr*t*ctairtUMma..Um atova IsfsnastSsa asa to ata* Far tat af ssstsata-ftaartiita. anata, ate. ato far atrlWBaa asa in a ia Ma. inpo rm atio n prepared for Engineering and Manufacturing Information f*cy=sEiM'S)i\?n S. Sass,__La _Bridgman___________________________ COUNTERSIGNED R. R. Ralston section Analytical Chemistry S u b . BUILDING anJ ROOM No 8-1A_______ ___________ LOCATION _______ Pittsfield 737114 The Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components 56T P 423 INTRODUCTION Some question has arisen on several occasions concerning the physiological hazards resulting from misuses of Pyranol. A search Is now under way for Information available on the toxicity of Pyranol components and decomposition products. This bibliography Is presented as a survey of published literature on The Toxicity of Pyranol Components. A brief review of information gathered from these references is submitted. REVIEW The subject matter was of Interest as far back as 1899 (20). Only one reference of the forty-three collected gives any information concerning the chlorinated benzenes (34); no authoritative sources are listed for this Information. The remainder- deal primarily with chlorinated naphthalenes - which are not a current component of Pyranols, secondarily with the chlorinated diphenyls. Toxic quantities of the chlorinated aromatics can be Ingested (1,6,29,41), although this Is considered as a minor source of Introduction. Inhalation (1,2,6,17,16,9,29,32,41) and absorption through .the skin (2,17,18,29,32,41) are considered the major avenues of contamination. Introduction of these materials Into the system have been known to cause acute yellow atrophy of the liver (1,6,9,17,18,29, 32,41). Exposure either to the fumes or to the bulk material has caused a characteristic dermatitis, frequently called chloracne (6,9,17,18,29,32). Fatal poisoning from exposure to chlorinated naphthalenes has been reported In seven cases (6,9,17), from, exposure to chlorinated aromatics In several cases (17), and from exposure to chlorinated diphenyls (9,41). Frequent cases of dermatltlc poisoning have been reported (17,37). One1author claims that the chlorinated diphenyls are more toxic than the chlorinated naphthalenes (1). Maximum allowable concentrations for exposure during an eight hour period are reported of 1 mgm per cubic meter for chlorinated diphenyls and chlorinated naphthalenes (2,9,34); of 0.5 mgm per cubic, meter for chlorinated diphenyls (6,7,41,43); of 10 mgm per cubic meter for chlorinated diphenyl (7); and of 50-75 parts per million In air for chlorinated benzenes (34). As a safety measure, It Is recommended that these materials be transferred, handled and poured In the cold (17,18), and under conditions of adequate forced araft ventilation (43). One paper deals primarily with the design, construction and ventilation of wire Impregnating tanks using chlorinated hydrocarbonds (43). GENP 002367 737115 I The Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components 56TP423 Pre-employment and periodic physical examinations for all employees working with chlorinated aromatics is recommended (17,10,32), as is also direct medical supervision (9,28,32). Knowledge of and prevention of hazardous conditions is considered the responsibility of, the foreman, under direct engineering control (17,10). It appears to be generally agreed upon (3,7,17,18,32,35,41) that the following hygienic measures should be taken by personnel working with these materials: (a) regular dally change of work clothes; (b) shower and scrub down of exposed parts of body at the end of the working period; (c) use of a protective skin cream on all exposed body parts; and (d) regular periodic cleansing of the work area. A cleansing cream of equal parts of butyl stearate and sulfonated castor oil built up with a corn meal abrasive is recommended by one author (18). Analysis of air samples by combustion over a platinum catalyst with determination of chlorine and chloride is described (9,29). Another method (29)^suggests collection In amyl acetate, a lamp combustion and determination by argentometry or turbldimetry. Of the forty-three references collected, only twenty-seven were abstracted; the other sixteen were not readily available 'to the William Stanley Library. Three textbooks (29,34,39) gave no source material for their information. Experimental work with rats and rabbits has been reported (1,6,33,40) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author Is Indebted to Mr. S. Sass of the William Stanley Library for his aid in collecting the material. He is also indebted to Dr. P. G. McKerr for review of the paper. 10-31-55 Since the writing of this report,.a new monograph by W. F. von Oettlngen, U.S. Department of Health "The Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Their Toxicity and Potential Dangers" Public Health Service Publication No. 414 (1955) has been received by the William Stanley Library. Chapter V, Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pp 283-320) Is of Interest with respect to this paper, particularly the sections: 1-C: Polyhalogenated Benzene Derivatives (pp 297-299) 5- C: Polychlorinated Diphenyl Derivatives (pp 306-307) 6- B: Polyhalogenated Naphthalene Derivatives (pp 306-314) A bibliography is given with each section. 2 737116 I The Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components 56TF423 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bennett, Drinker & Warren J. Ind. Hygiene & Toxicology, 20; 97-123, (1930) Morphological Changes in the Livers of Rats Resulting from Exposure to Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. 2. Brown Chemist Analyst, 36; 33-34, (1947) On the Toxicity o~the "Arbchlors". 3. Cleary J. Biol. Chem., 127; 403 (1939) 4. Collier Lancet, 244; 72, (1943) 5. Cranch . Industrial Medicine, 3; 110, (1944) 6. Drinker, Warren & Bennett ' J. Ind. Hygiene & Toxicology, 19; 203-311, (1937) The-Problem of Possible Systemic Effects from Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. 7. Drinker Ibid. 21; 155-159, (1939) Further Observations on the Possible Systemic Toxicity of Certain of the Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with Suggestions m for Permissible Concentrations in the Air of Workrooms. 0. Ellis Synthetic Resins and their Plastics Chemical Catalogue Company, New York (1923) 9. Falrhall Industrial Toxicology p. 255ff Williams and Wilkins, New York (1947) 10. F linn Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Medicine, 35; 115 (1936) 11. Flirin Am. J. Hygiene, 27; 19, (1938) 12. Floret Chimie et Ind., 19; 1066-1067, (1920) Intoxications prlesslonelleB dues aux hydrocarbures des series aromatiques et aliphatique (hydrocarbures chlores); comment les viter. -3- GENP 002369 737117 The Physiological Hazards of Fyranol Components 56TP423 13 - Fulton Penn State Dept. Labor Spec. Bulletin #43 (1936) 14. Genevols Ann Hyg. Publ. Ind. Soclale (1936) 139-149 Physiological properties of Chlorinated Solvents (CA 30:8399,1936) 15. Greenburg Ind. Hygiene JL8; 11, (1939) 16. Greenburg, Mayers and Smith J. Ind. Hygiene & Toxicology 21; 29-36 (1939) Systemic Effects Resulting from Exposure to Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 17. Greenburg N .7 State Dept, of Labor Ind. Bull. 22; 404-407 (1943) Safety Measures for Use of Chlorlnate<T~Naphthalenes and Biphenyls in Industry r 18. Greenburg ' Ind. Medicine, 12; 520 (1943) Chlorinated NapHFhalenes and Diphenyls 19. Harry Paint Manuf. 6; 280-290 (1936) Toxicity of Industrial Solvents 20. m 21. Herxheimer Mnchen med Vchnschr 46; 278 (1899) Hunter Industrial Toxicology, p. 67 Clarendon Press, N.Y. (1944). 22. Internaonal Labor Office. World Peace Foundation, Boston Brochures 34 & 285 (1925) Occupation and Health, Encyclopedia of Hygiene, Pathology and Social Welfare 23. Jones Arch. Dermatol. Syphllol. 33; 1022-1034 (1936) Air Acneform Dermatergoses 24. Jones J. Ind. Hygiene and Toxicology 23; 290-312 (1941) The Etiology of Acne with Special Reference to Acne of Occupational Origin -4- GENP 0023 737118 i The Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components 56TP423 25. Hayers ` N.Y. State Dept, of Labor Ind. Bull. Jan. (1942) . 26. Mayers & Silverburg N.Y. State Dept, of Labor Ind. Bull. 17; Nos. 8 & 9 (1938) Skin Conditions Resulting Prom Exposure to Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 27. Mayers J. Ind. &HySgiilevneerbSutrgToxicology 20; 244 (1936) Dermatoses from Chlorinated Hydrocarbons 28. Meigs, Albom St Kartln J. Am. Med. Assoc. 154; 1417-1418 (1954) Chloracne from Unusual Exposure to Arochlor 29. .3 0 Patty, F. A. Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol 2, p. 1064 Interscience, N.Y. (1949) Peck J. Am. Med. Assoc. 125: 190 (1944) / 31. Pensky St Grad Arch Dermatol Sc Syphilol. 48; 251 (1943) 32. Riley Industrial Bulletin 22; 80 (1943) Hazards in Industrialise of Chlorinated Naphthalene and Diphenyl 33. Rosanova Q.E. Main Library Translation # M-2378 Toxicology of Certain Chlorinated Hydrocarbons of the Aromatic Series 34. Sax Handbook of Dangerous Materials p. 92 Reinhold, N.Y. (1951) 35. Schwartz Am. J. Public Health 26; 586 (1936) Dermatitis from SyntheFlc Resi ns 36. Schwartz U.S. Public Health Reports 57; 1747-1752 (1943) Schwartz J. Am. Med. Assoc. 122; 158 (1943) An Outbreak of Halowax Acne (Cable Rash) Among Electricians a5a GENP 002371 737119 The Physiological Hazards of Pyranol Components 56TP423 38. Schwartz & Beck U.S. Public Health Reports 59; 546 (1944) The Patch Test In Contact Dermatitis 39. Schwartz Occupational Diseases of the Skin p. 60 Lea & Febiger, N.Y. 2nd ed. (1947) 40. Sulzberger N . Y State J. Medicine 34; 894 (1934) 41. Von Wedel Rubber Age (N.Y.) 53; 419-426 (1943) Toxic Effects Resulting from Exposure to Chlorinated Naphthalenes and Phenyls 42. White The Dermatergoses Hoeber, Inc. N.Y. 4th ed. (1925) r 43. Yaglov, Sands & Drinker * ' J. Ind. Hygiene & Toxicology 20; 401-418 (1938) Ventilation of Wire Impregnating Tanks Using Chlorinated Hydrocarbons GENP 002372 - 6- 737120