Document RaQnpxz1K0RRn0rpjag6bapen

FILE NAME: Westinghouse (WH) DATE: 0000 DOC#: WH002 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Internal Report - Intrapersonal Reactions Caused by Dust Intrsperitonsol Reaction* oawed by Dost QSOf 0S1 and Qtt. Prellaiaary Report. 1 e aeons of orientation so to the ultiwte tiseao reaotleas of too gioen dost*, 010,"raw* enmft end OH,"atanepherio dusty a short prellsinary eacpcrlosnt eos carried oat, wing as controls -j>3 leap-blaek, a known inert eubstsno* and "silica moke" OSS, a known active one. 5Si p-- i Technique. p Aqueous suspensions of each of these four dusts were prepared so that one cubic oentiaeter contained SO og. of dust. ^3 Only two guinea pigs were used in the preiindnary taperiaent. After rendering the fields as sterile as possible toy showing the fur, washing with soap and water, and dlslnfeetlng with aleobol, fifty eg. of each substance to be tested were injected sabeufeeneously in abdcainal quarter of the anlsal. isatlans ef the easaiag lesions (q*v. were node at the end of forty-eight and of One of the sndsals, penetrated when the carbon inoculations wars node, was allowed to lire and served as a control in the longer eaeperlasnt. Zntraperltoneal injections were used in the seeend, larger.series of pigs, following exaotly the technique described by Miller et al^. e s The only planned control in this group was tha "silica w oke". Its known irritating properties wars w a d as a basis of eocqporlsoa with the unknowns GSO end 0S1. . On Soptsaber U , I S M tbrwo pigs were injected intraperiteoeelly g with t ee. of a 100 e w p e w i e n of <M0| throe w r e were lnjeeted with a ^ slstilsr quantity of O H , whila the last throat waited Q M * .Osaaideva-^ bla dlffieulty ass cw< 1 - 2- --;ae of the dujt particle* caused clogging of tha piston in tha ajrln 6=3 barrel. If tha injections vara aade quickly, h o w , approximately all of tha .2 gas. could ba Introduced. Tha original plan of killing tha anlaals to aa to observe tlaaua reaction* at aonthly intervals oould not ba oarrlad oat baoauaa w a a p-- n of than dlad prematurely. One pig* which was injected with QtO, died o o shortly before tha and of tha second aonth, bat eas not replaced* f: Two others, inoculated with 021 and G2S respectively, died after fire weeks. Two freshly inoculated anlaals were substituted, but they, feo too, died exactly at the and of two aonths. Thus, the progression of lesions at ona, two, and three aonths intervals eould be observed only in the anlaals injected with enaael. Fortunately, the with the accidental peritoneal injection of carbon* lived for over four aonths and offered an opportunity for studying lntreperitoneel carbon nodules and subcutaneous silica nodules of four aonths dvatlozu y The 3ubcuts"~TM As was to be expected* tha aost intense reaetlon was produoed by tha silica* At tha end of 48 hours there was considerable hem orrhage and necrosis with slight fibroblastic proliferation. Tory little ptegocytosls of dust had occurred as yet* Unety-slx hours later, an occasional silica-bearing phagocyte was seen, and there was energetic fibroblastic activity not only ianedlately surrounding the injected dust, but at sane distance fron it* Hemorrhage* edeaa, and 02! a number.of acute lnflaanetory cells ere till present* An acute lnflaanetory exudate* but no actual areas of necrosis* surrounded the injected enamel at the end of forty-alght hours* The t=a sections aade at the end of nlnaty-slx hours ere unsatisfactory. i-t; v*-- C=3 A moderate inflammatory raactIon waa provoked by the ataospherj dust' in forty-eight hours. An occasional fibroblast was notad. At ~ tha and of ninety-six hours, a few phagocytes and fibroblasts were present. Forty-eight hours after injection, both acute and chronic in- O 0 flaaaatory cells and about an equal amber of dust-filled phagocytes |ggj were seen around the leap-black deposits. Fibroblasts were surprisinjfci^j numerous. Although comparatively little carbon was seen in the sectijbfH'] at the end of ninety-six hours, there was a moderately narked inf! tory reaction with a large number of fibroblaets. It was difficult to tell whether this response was provoked by the carbon or whether < was a distant reaction due to atmospheric dust, which was injected at the opposite lower quadrant of the abd< The Intraoerltoneal Lesions. Gross Description. Macroscoplcally, the nodules produced by 080 081, and 088 did not show marked variations in appearance, except for the fact that due to enamel could be distinguished by their characteristic bluishgray color. Several features were common to all: intra-abdominal transportation of the dust, far from the original site of injection, evidently occurred rapidly; at the end of the first month the surfacing \ZK of practically every organ was studded with nodules. They varied in f^p size from that of a millet-seed to that of a small lima-bean, and ha a tendency to remain discrete, although a number of conglomerate fo were seen at the end of the second month. The anterior visceral peritoneum seemed to be the site of predilection, with the mesentery ^ (gc next frequently Involved. The omentum was generally rolled up some where in the upper abdomen; dense bands of adhesions matted together many of the orgasa. Ai nentlod abort, superficial nodulo vor found on aost of tho abdcalaal rleceraj tho dlaphraga, livor, gall bladdar, stoaaob, spleen, Intestino, toot. Sono, , vor notad on tho kldaoys. o o Microscopic f; Tha Silica Modulo. At tha and of tho flrat nonth, tho nodulo oonalatod of a eantrulni nacrotlc plug, surroundad by a son of chronic Inflana tory collo and a sharply circunscribs fibrous capsulo. Attanptad organisation" vas shown by a ounbor of now blood vossols soon aost frequently pori- pharally; fibroblasts woro t r ous. Since it was difficult to racognlso tho Injected dust In tho stained sections, tho extant of phagocytosis could not bo judged. One nonth later, organisation as auch aoro advanced. Tho oollular sono sround tho control area of nocroela uas broodor, tho oapoulo finer, and a goanroun notaceli of r-- r noe blood rossola ponotratad tha grantor part of the nodulo* ' the four aorrths old aubeutaaooua nodule uaa ooaplotoly organlsod ecrools had dlsappanrad and vas roplacad by nansirma foreign body giant colls and now fibrous tissu. Zn sharp contrast, tha earbon (poritonoal) nodulo of tho sasn ago shoood no oollular ronatlon what* or. Moot of tho earbon as eontalnod within larga foreign body giant calls, but there was no attaapt at organisation* Za tho mth-old nodulo, tho as a aoro or loss irphouo, slightly rofraotllo, grecaieh bluish storiai lntareporsed with largo, Irregular, dark-blue, granular a! Tha cantar af tha Sic /i^_ nodule was eoapossd of this dust and oollular nen blood vessels n r noted. Connective t i i w proliferation m s not narked mud only about m sixth to a third of tht distance fro* thm periphery m e arianised. Littlm ehaxye occurred in ths nodule at tho end of nlaost too 0 0 aontha. A ftv ooUa|iBOQi fibrils m i on* but unit]STisotlou vai not narked. Stction through m three-Montha nodule shovtd that aost of ths dust bad boon pbagocytoaod. Alnoat tht entire nodule vos vtsoulmristd, but tht total anourt of fibrosis m s alight. Ths AtaosBhtrlc Past Hodbltl. ' Aftor ont aosth, faintly lualnous partition of a yellowiah-greeai east wort soon both intra- and ertre-oellularly. A ohronie inflaemto*^^ roaetlon with aarked fibroblastic proliforation surrounded tht oontml coagulun. Indotd, tharo sttnad to bo noro collagen in torn of thoso nodules than in those caused by either silica or toaaal* Oddly enough, another aonth did net offoet great ohnagos in the nodule. The center was still largely neerotle sad only at the oKtra periphery was there a narrow cellular sene. Quite a little fibrosis surrounded this sons, however, end extended for sene dlstanee frea the lesion. Ohfortumtely, both the original and substituted anlaal died at n z the end of two norths, so that three norths old lesions censed by ataospherle dust oeald net bo studied. The aicroeeoplc appearance of the nodulse produced by the above duste was very sialler to the subeutaneous nodules described by E. H. Kettle1 . c ii 1. An Attaxpt a a a d t to aatlasts tha ralatl hanfulnsss of too O 0 dusts, 080 (anaaal) sad 081 (atasaphsrla dost) by tha Millar astbod of lstraparltoasol injaction, using a dust, 088 (*sllloa . saoka") as control. ss 2 Vldaspraad lntra-abdoainal nodulas wsra produoad by all ttaraa s saaplas. 3. Zt as Inpossible to saporata thaaa saaplas into injurious and innocuous dusts by the appaaranea of tha gross lasions alona. 4. Tha activity of aaeh dust as judged by tha spaad with ohieh it as angulfad by phagoeytas and tha onsuiag eallular response, ith particular sapbasii on its capacity to axeita fibrous tissua prolif oration. A. Tha nost active excitant of fibrosis as tha dust 088 B. 081 provoked loss fibrous tissua raaotion than 088, but parhaps, a trlfls oora than 080 Approved / Bubaitted Jpr R*fsr*no* J.'.Miller, R.R. Sayers, WH.P. lent - Respons* of Peritoneal Tissu* to Dusta Iatroduced a Porelgn Bodles. o o J.A.M.., 1984, CIII, So. 18, 907. E.H. Kattl* - Th* Interstitiel Reactions Caused by Yarloua Dusta and th*ir Influence on uberculoua lnf*ctlons. J. Path. * Bact., 1938, XXXV, 396. S - M - I M OBS Ules V M licht at tte alt* of ___ largo Irregular cao at tha result of starai woolaooo _ to pee-sised, aatf distributed all oao found just ondar the loft costai the surface of tha Intestlnaot tha U w , pori-roal fat tisana sad tatas. A faa dot nal all. 8-86-12S9 *811100 taoke* 8 aontha Zha perltoneun as adhoront to alaoat all tha aMonlaal risetre. tha oueutun aa partially tachad under tha sploaa. A donsa bead of adhaaloai attod togathsr tha splaaa and stonach; tha gall bladder aaa attached to tha ^rphold. Zhare ara nouerons arlously sisad ad shaped ndales, diffusely scattered all t e r the anterior abdontnal all, tha surface of tha spleen and Hear, the uesantery, tha fat tisana ' a fan anall aase on tha posterior abdonlaal nail* \ . ' c